|
replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France |
|
Christ |
|
Main Building |
|
Marian place of prayer and reflection |
|
Virgin Mary |
|
September 1876 |
|
Scholastic |
|
The Observer |
|
three |
|
1987 |
|
Rome |
|
Moreau Seminary |
|
Old College |
|
Fatima House |
|
Buechner Prize for Preaching |
|
eight |
|
1920 |
|
Civil and Mechanical Engineering |
|
eight |
|
since the 1870s |
|
Learning Resource Center |
|
First Year of Studies |
|
1962 |
|
U.S. News & World Report |
|
Doctorate |
|
Master of Divinity |
|
Alliance for Catholic Education |
|
1854 |
|
Department of Pre-Professional Studies |
|
The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies |
|
President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame |
|
1986 |
|
Ray Kroc |
|
1986 |
|
14 |
|
Theodore M. Hesburgh Library |
|
1963 |
|
Millard Sheets |
|
Touchdown Jesus |
|
3,577 |
|
19.7% |
|
top 10 to 15 |
|
39.1% |
|
1,311 |
|
18th |
|
8th |
|
1st overall |
|
10th |
|
57.6% |
|
Chemistry and Physics |
|
1851–1921 |
|
Father John Augustine Zahm |
|
Thomas Aquinas |
|
Chemistry and Physics |
|
1882 |
|
Professor Jerome Green |
|
1899 |
|
Father Julius Nieuwland |
|
Albert Zahm |
|
germ-free-life |
|
1950 |
|
1950 |
|
Gnotobiotics. |
|
1928 |
|
The Review of Politics |
|
German Catholic journals |
|
44 |
|
The Review of Politics |
|
John Jenkins |
|
"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" |
|
Kroc Institute for International Peace studies |
|
2013 |
|
climate change |
|
12,179 |
|
37% |
|
Bengal Bouts |
|
Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh |
|
12,179 |
|
20% |
|
four |
|
single-sex, |
|
20% |
|
single-sex, |
|
Congregatio a Sancta Cruce |
|
93% |
|
over 100 |
|
Fifty-seven |
|
93% |
|
Washington Hall |
|
April 1879 |
|
Rev. William Corby |
|
17th of May |
|
LaFortune Student Center |
|
Father James Burns |
|
College of Commerce |
|
Father James Burns |
|
Father James Burns |
|
Harvard Law School |
|
Knute Rockne |
|
12 |
|
1925 |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
Catholics |
|
Ku Klux Klan |
|
Fr. Matthew Walsh |
|
week-long |
|
South Bend |
|
Holy Cross |
|
Holy Cross |
|
Laetare Medal |
|
1883 |
|
a spiritual service |
|
half |
|
Lobund Institute for Animal Studies |
|
Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, |
|
Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. |
|
Medieval Institute |
|
1917–2015 |
|
a factor of 18 |
|
a factor of 18 |
|
1952–87 |
|
389 to 950 |
|
Hesburgh |
|
Dean of Arts and Letters |
|
Vice President of Student Affairs |
|
Mary Ann Proctor |
|
several hundred |
|
1987–2005 |
|
500 |
|
500 |
|
$70 million |
|
500 |
|
2005 |
|
17th |
|
Malloy |
|
Compton Family Ice Arena |
|
$400m |
|
Congregation of Holy Cross |
|
Basilica of the Sacred Heart |
|
French Revival |
|
Luigi Gregori |
|
1896 |
|
Fr. Zahm |
|
1950 |
|
Joseph LaFortune |
|
83,000 square feet |
|
$1.2 million |
|
29 |
|
Theodore Hesburgh Library |
|
almost 4 million |
|
Duncan Hall |
|
Frank Eck Stadium |
|
2008 |
|
organic, fair-trade, and vegan |
|
Sustainable Endowments Institute |
|
Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies |
|
1968 |
|
1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square |
|
Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome. |
|
1998 |
|
The College of Arts and Letters |
|
The College of Arts and Letters |
|
1849 |
|
Saint Louis University |
|
33 |
|
Father Patrick Dillon |
|
1865 |
|
mathematics |
|
Jordan Hall of Science |
|
1,200 |
|
The School of Architecture |
|
Bond Hall |
|
five-year |
|
Rome |
|
Driehaus Architecture Prize |
|
2015 |
|
Stanford Hall |
|
over three million volumes |
|
over three million |
|
John O'Hara |
|
Anton-Hermann Chroust |
|
classics and law |
|
Max Scheler |
|
sculptor |
|
Notre Dame |
|
Catholic |
|
Our Lady of the Lake |
|
Virgin Mary |
|
1,250 |
|
Fighting Irish football team |
|
Knute Rockne |
|
NCAA Division I |
|
62 |
|
62 |
|
consistently ranked among the top twenty universities |
|
four |
|
Driehaus Architecture Prize |
|
50 |
|
Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art |
|
1842 |
|
Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière |
|
Congregation of the Holy Cross |
|
November 26, 1842 |
|
Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel |
|
1849 |
|
1865 |
|
Father Lemonnier |
|
ten thousand |
|
1873 |
|
NDtv |
|
2002 |
|
WSND-FM |
|
WVFI |
|
University of Notre Dame |
|
June 3, 2008 |
|
Kite Realty |
|
City of South Bend |
|
a contractor hired non-union workers |
|
Atlantic Coast Conference |
|
Horizon League |
|
Midwest Fencing Conference |
|
Hockey East |
|
Horizon League |
|
five |
|
five |
|
Central Collegiate Hockey Association |
|
Navy Blue and Gold Rush |
|
Leprechaun |
|
Under Armour |
|
$100 million |
|
1846 |
|
oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States |
|
Notre Dame Victory March |
|
1887 |
|
1887 |
|
Heisman Trophies |
|
Jeweled Shillelagh |
|
Heisman Trophies |
|
George Gipp |
|
Knute Rockne |
|
Pat O'Brien |
|
George Gipp |
|
80,795 |
|
Zahm House's two-story banner |
|
Drummers' Circle |
|
Bond Hall |
|
trumpet |
|
Saturday |
|
28 |
|
28 |
|
28 |
|
Austin Carr |
|
Mike Brey |
|
John F. Shea |
|
1904 |
|
Rev. Michael J. Shea |
|
1928 |
|
onward to victory |
|
The Gipper |
|
Airplane! |
|
Sean Astin |
|
George Zipp |
|
Knute Rockne |
|
Condoleezza Rice |
|
Eric F. Wieschaus |
|
Rev. John Jenkins |
|
professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey |
|
Jim Wetherbee |
|
R&B |
|
R&B |
|
2003 |
|
Houston, Texas |
|
R&B |
|
Destiny's Child |
|
five |
|
Mathew Knowles |
|
Houston |
|
five |
|
September 4, 1981 |
|
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter |
|
R&B |
|
R&B |
|
five |
|
2003 |
|
five |
|
R&B |
|
five |
|
2003 |
|
acting |
|
I Am... Sasha Fierce |
|
I Am... Sasha Fierce |
|
Obsessed |
|
2010 |
|
Obsessed |
|
I Am... Sasha Fierce |
|
June 2005 |
|
B'Day |
|
Obsessed |
|
I Am... Sasha Fierce |
|
Sasha Fierce |
|
love, relationships, and monogamy |
|
Time |
|
Forbes |
|
The Recording Industry Association of America |
|
Forbes |
|
modern-day feminist |
|
2013 and 2014 |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
20 |
|
Forbes |
|
Destiny's Child |
|
her mother's maiden name |
|
African-American |
|
Methodist |
|
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles |
|
hairdresser and salon owner |
|
Solange |
|
Joseph Broussard |
|
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles |
|
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles |
|
Solange |
|
Joseph Broussard. |
|
Methodist |
|
Fredericksburg |
|
Darlette Johnson |
|
Houston |
|
Darlette Johnson |
|
St. John's United Methodist Church |
|
Parker Elementary School, |
|
Imagine |
|
Fredericksburg |
|
Darlette Johnson |
|
seven |
|
St. John's United Methodist Church |
|
Arne Frager |
|
1995 |
|
Elektra Records |
|
Arne Frager |
|
1995 |
|
Sony Music |
|
Elektra Records |
|
eight |
|
eight |
|
Girl's Tyme |
|
Arne Frager |
|
1995 |
|
Grass Roots Entertainment |
|
Men in Black |
|
"Jumpin' Jumpin'" and "Say My Name" |
|
Marc Nelson |
|
1996 |
|
Book of Isaiah |
|
Men in Black |
|
Say My Name |
|
Marc Nelson |
|
based upon a passage in the Book of Isaiah. |
|
"Killing Time" on the soundtrack to the 1997 film, Men in Black. |
|
No, No, No |
|
1999 |
|
Marc Nelson |
|
depression |
|
boyfriend |
|
her mother |
|
depression |
|
a couple of years |
|
her mother |
|
Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. |
|
depression |
|
her mother |
|
Farrah Franklin |
|
Independent Women Part I |
|
eleven |
|
Beyoncé |
|
663,000 |
|
Georges Bizet |
|
Survivor |
|
"Independent Women Part I", which appeared on the soundtrack to the 2000 film, Charlie's Angels. |
|
Carmen: A Hip Hopera |
|
Survivor |
|
Survivor |
|
October 2001 |
|
Foxxy Cleopatra |
|
UK, Norway, and Belgium |
|
The Fighting Temptations |
|
Missy Elliott |
|
Summertime |
|
Austin Powers in Goldmember |
|
73 million |
|
The Fighting Temptations |
|
The Fighting Temptations |
|
$30 million |
|
Austin Powers in Goldmember |
|
Foxxy Cleopatra |
|
Work It Out |
|
The Fighting Temptations |
|
The Fighting Temptations |
|
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde" |
|
Dangerously in Love |
|
317,000 |
|
Crazy in Love |
|
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde" |
|
Jay Z |
|
Dangerously in Love |
|
"'03 Bonnie & Clyde" |
|
Luther Vandross |
|
Jay Z |
|
June 24, 2003 |
|
Crazy in Love |
|
five |
|
five. |
|
Destiny Fulfilled |
|
March 2006 |
|
November 2003 |
|
Destiny Fulfilled |
|
Barcelona |
|
March 2006 |
|
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys |
|
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys |
|
Super Bowl XXXVIII |
|
Barcelona |
|
541,000 |
|
Déjà Vu |
|
top five |
|
top five |
|
twenty-fifth birthday |
|
Jay Z |
|
top five |
|
B'Day |
|
541,000 |
|
Jay Z |
|
Green Light |
|
The Pink Panther |
|
Dreamgirls |
|
Dreamgirls |
|
April 2007 |
|
24 million |
|
158.8 million |
|
The Beyoncé Experience |
|
Shakira |
|
The Pink Panther |
|
Diana Ross. |
|
Listen |
|
The Beyoncé Experience |
|
Shakira |
|
Jay Z |
|
November 18, 2008 |
|
2000s |
|
Taylor Swift |
|
119.5 million |
|
a video montage |
|
March 2009 |
|
Taylor Swift |
|
119.5 million |
|
April 4, 2008 |
|
Jay Z. |
|
Sasha Fierce |
|
Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" |
|
Kanye West |
|
Etta James |
|
Phoenix House |
|
At Last |
|
thriller |
|
MTV Movie Award for Best Fight |
|
Phoenix House |
|
Obsessed |
|
Sharon Charles |
|
60 million |
|
Etta James |
|
Phoenix House |
|
First Couple's first inaugural ball. |
|
Obsessed. |
|
ten |
|
Lauryn Hill |
|
Lady Gaga |
|
six |
|
sixth |
|
ten nominations |
|
Telephone |
|
Lady Gaga |
|
sixth |
|
Lauryn Hill |
|
ten |
|
Lauryn Hill |
|
Lady Gaga |
|
sixth |
|
January 2010 |
|
January 2010 |
|
Great Wall of China |
|
January 2010 |
|
her mother |
|
her father |
|
nine months |
|
Beyoncé |
|
her mother |
|
her father |
|
nine months |
|
2011 |
|
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund |
|
Glastonbury |
|
Rolling Stone |
|
highest-paid performer in the world per minute |
|
WikiLeaks |
|
2011 |
|
Rolling Stone |
|
Glastonbury |
|
Muammar Gaddafi. |
|
WikiLeaks |
|
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. |
|
Glastonbury |
|
June 28, 2011 |
|
Love on Top |
|
Essence |
|
4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé |
|
June 28, 2011 |
|
310,000 |
|
New York Association of Black Journalists |
|
June 28, 2011 |
|
June 28, 2011 |
|
June 28, 2011 |
|
310,000 |
|
Essence |
|
4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé |
|
January 7, 2012 |
|
Lenox Hill Hospital |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
Ovation Hall |
|
January 7, 2012 |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
Ovation Hall |
|
Ovation Hall |
|
January 7, 2012 |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. |
|
Ovation Hall |
|
Ovation Hall |
|
romance |
|
Life Is But a Dream |
|
Warner/Chappell |
|
2013 |
|
Nuclear |
|
President Obama |
|
268,000 tweets per minute |
|
2013 |
|
Nuclear |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Super Bowl XLVII halftime show |
|
Life Is But a Dream |
|
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour |
|
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour |
|
Rise Up |
|
Epic |
|
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour |
|
Met Gala |
|
Tara |
|
Rise Up |
|
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour |
|
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour |
|
Back to Black |
|
She was also honorary chair of the 2013 Met Gala. |
|
Tara |
|
Beyoncé |
|
December 13, 2013 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Jay Z |
|
$115 million |
|
$115 million |
|
December 13, 2013 |
|
The New York Times |
|
Drunk in Love |
|
On the Run Tour. |
|
three |
|
Beck |
|
Vogue |
|
Coldplay |
|
three |
|
Beck |
|
Coldplay |
|
six awards |
|
Vogue |
|
Coldplay |
|
Coldplay |
|
Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song |
|
three |
|
Beck |
|
Vogue |
|
Coldplay |
|
Tidal |
|
Formation |
|
February 6, 2016 |
|
Tidal |
|
Tidal |
|
Tidal |
|
February 6, 2016 |
|
Tidal |
|
300 million |
|
Paris |
|
miscarriage |
|
Jay Z |
|
April 4, 2008 |
|
300 million |
|
wrote music |
|
Paris |
|
'03 Bonnie & Clyde |
|
April 4, 2008 |
|
300 million |
|
miscarriage |
|
Paris |
|
MTV Video Music Awards |
|
pregnancy |
|
12.4 million |
|
MTV Video Music Awards |
|
12.4 million |
|
most tweets per second |
|
Beyonce pregnant |
|
Love on Top |
|
MTV Video Music Awards |
|
Love on Top |
|
12.4 million |
|
Beyonce pregnant |
|
Lifeandtimes.com |
|
Glory |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
Lenox Hill Hospital |
|
Glory |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
B.I.C. |
|
January 7, 2012 |
|
Blue Ivy Carter |
|
Glory |
|
"B.I.C." |
|
B.I.C. |
|
George Zimmerman |
|
America the Beautiful |
|
4 million |
|
same sex marriage |
|
George Zimmerman |
|
America the Beautiful |
|
America the Beautiful |
|
At Last |
|
Tumblr |
|
same sex marriage |
|
Vogue |
|
Ban Bossy campaign |
|
Vogue |
|
April 2013 |
|
Ban Bossy |
|
Flawless |
|
girls |
|
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |
|
Ban Bossy |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Freddie Gray |
|
thousands |
|
Freddie Gray |
|
thousands |
|
Celine Dion |
|
highest-earning power couple |
|
end of 2014 |
|
250 million |
|
Celine Dion |
|
$80 million |
|
2009 to 2011 |
|
115 million |
|
250 million |
|
$80 million |
|
$115 million |
|
MTV |
|
2013 |
|
four |
|
Jody Rosen |
|
The Daily Mail |
|
hip hop |
|
four octaves |
|
versatile |
|
hip hop |
|
range and power |
|
four |
|
centerpiece |
|
tart |
|
hip hop |
|
R&B |
|
pop, soul and funk |
|
Irreemplazable |
|
B'Day |
|
Rudy Perez |
|
R&B |
|
Irreemplazable |
|
Irreemplazable |
|
Irreemplazable |
|
R&B |
|
Irreemplazable |
|
Rudy Perez. |
|
Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day. |
|
melodies and ideas |
|
Cater 2 U |
|
Jay Z |
|
Jay Z |
|
Beyoncé |
|
melodies and ideas |
|
Independent Women |
|
Beyoncé |
|
melodies and ideas |
|
Beyoncé |
|
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards |
|
Diane Warren |
|
Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters |
|
2001 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
17 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Pop Songwriter of the Year |
|
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. |
|
Beyoncé |
|
17 |
|
Michael Jackson |
|
five |
|
Michael Jackson |
|
vocal runs |
|
Michael Jackson |
|
Vision of Love |
|
Michael Jackson |
|
Michael Jackson |
|
Diana Ross |
|
Whitney Houston |
|
Vision of Love |
|
feminism and female empowerment |
|
Josephine Baker |
|
Etta James |
|
feminism and female empowerment |
|
boldness |
|
mini-hula |
|
Josephine Baker. |
|
Déjà Vu |
|
Michelle Obama |
|
February 2013 |
|
Oprah Winfrey |
|
Michelle Obama |
|
inspiration and a strong woman |
|
lyrical and raw |
|
take control of her own career |
|
lyrical genius |
|
Michelle Obama |
|
Oprah Winfrey |
|
Jean-Michel Basquiat |
|
Madonna |
|
Suga Mama |
|
The Mamas |
|
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick |
|
2006 |
|
Suga Mama |
|
Suga Mama |
|
2006 BET Awards |
|
Suga Mama |
|
Suga Mama |
|
B'Day |
|
The Mamas |
|
2006 BET Awards |
|
Beyoncé |
|
L.A. Reid |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Jarett Wieselman |
|
the greatest entertainer alive |
|
she's almost too good |
|
Jarett Wieselman |
|
L.A. Reid |
|
Sasha Fierce |
|
"Crazy in Love" |
|
February 2010 |
|
May 2012 |
|
too aggressive, too strong |
|
May 2012 |
|
Sasha Fierce. |
|
2008 |
|
Crazy in Love |
|
Allure |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Bootylicious |
|
Destiny's Child |
|
Bootylicious |
|
Bootylicious |
|
2006 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Bootylicious |
|
2006 |
|
sexily |
|
Spring/Summer 2011 |
|
Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show |
|
People |
|
January 2013 |
|
VH1 |
|
People |
|
People |
|
January 2013 |
|
VH1 |
|
September 2010 |
|
People |
|
Hottest Female Singer of All Time |
|
Madame Tussauds Wax Museums |
|
Destiny's Style |
|
Tyra Banks |
|
Destiny's Style |
|
2007 |
|
Tyra Banks |
|
Tyra Banks |
|
Sports Illustrated Swimsuit |
|
The Bey Hive |
|
The Beyontourage |
|
petitions |
|
The Bey Hive |
|
"The Beyontourage |
|
The Bey Hive |
|
"The Beyontourage |
|
beehive |
|
House of Deréon |
|
L'Officiel |
|
blackface |
|
2006 |
|
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals |
|
L'Officiel |
|
blackface |
|
L'Officiel |
|
House of Deréon. |
|
blackface |
|
Beyoncé's |
|
Emmett Price |
|
L'Oréal |
|
natural pictures be used |
|
it is categorically untrue |
|
Beyoncé's |
|
Emmett Price |
|
L'Oréal |
|
In 2008, L'Oréal was accused of whitening her skin in their Feria hair color advertisements |
|
L'Oréal |
|
Llewyn-Smith |
|
2013 |
|
2014 |
|
Artist of the Decade |
|
2013 |
|
2014 |
|
Baz Luhrmann |
|
Jody Rosen |
|
Llewyn-Smith |
|
Time 100 list |
|
Baz Luhrmann |
|
2014 |
|
White Rabbits |
|
White Rabbits |
|
Pepsi |
|
Pepsi |
|
White Rabbits |
|
Beyoncé's |
|
Country Strong |
|
White Rabbits |
|
White Rabbits |
|
White Rabbits |
|
Country Strong. |
|
Pepsi |
|
Crazy in Love |
|
two |
|
two |
|
a species of horse fly |
|
July 2014 |
|
Crazy in Love |
|
two |
|
8 million copies |
|
Drake |
|
two |
|
Drake |
|
a species of horse fly |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
64 |
|
118 million |
|
Beyoncé |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
Legend Award |
|
64 certifications |
|
118 million |
|
118 million |
|
64 |
|
64 |
|
Legend Award |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
six |
|
Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards |
|
20 Grammy Awards |
|
52 nominations |
|
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring in It)" |
|
six |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
"Single Ladies (Put a Ring in It)" |
|
Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture |
|
Gladiator-themed commercial |
|
50 million |
|
Center for Science in the Public Interest |
|
70 |
|
2002 |
|
Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias |
|
Pepsi |
|
Center for Science in the Public Interest |
|
Gladiator-themed commercial |
|
$50 million |
|
Center for Science in the Public Interest |
|
70 |
|
Tommy Hilfiger |
|
Tommy Hilfiger |
|
Heat |
|
2013 |
|
400 million |
|
Heat |
|
2011 |
|
Pulse |
|
six |
|
Tommy Hilfiger |
|
Heat |
|
Heat |
|
six |
|
18 |
|
$100 million |
|
18 |
|
$100 million |
|
June 2013 |
|
$100 million |
|
$100 million |
|
$100 million |
|
$100 million |
|
June 2013 |
|
Topshop |
|
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd |
|
activewear |
|
2015 |
|
Topshop |
|
2015 |
|
Parkwood Entertainment |
|
Topshop |
|
London |
|
activewear |
|
March 30, 2015 |
|
Jay Z |
|
March 30, 2015 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
low payout of royalties |
|
Tidal. |
|
Aspiro |
|
Jay Z |
|
Spotify |
|
Beyoncé and her mother |
|
Agnèz Deréon |
|
Beyond Productions |
|
handbags and footwear |
|
department and specialty stores across the US and Canada |
|
Beyoncé and her mother |
|
2005 |
|
Agnèz Deréon |
|
Destiny's Child's shows and tours |
|
Beyoncé and her mother |
|
Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon. |
|
shoe |
|
Brazil |
|
July 2009 |
|
House of Deréon collection |
|
Sasha Fierce for Deréon |
|
May 27, 2010 |
|
House of Brands |
|
Beyoncé Fashion Diva |
|
Sasha Fierce for Deréon |
|
C&A |
|
Macy's and Dillard's |
|
Topshop |
|
autumn 2015 |
|
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd |
|
50 |
|
April 2016 |
|
Topshop |
|
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Beyoncé and Rowland |
|
250,000 |
|
Hurricane Ike |
|
Beyoncé and Rowland |
|
$250,000 |
|
Hurricane Ike |
|
Beyoncé and Rowland |
|
Hurricane Ike |
|
Hurricane Ike |
|
Wyclef Jean |
|
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House |
|
God Bless the USA |
|
$1 million |
|
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House |
|
New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund |
|
Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief |
|
Wyclef Jean |
|
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center |
|
God Bless the USA |
|
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting |
|
I Was Here |
|
Miss a Meal |
|
June 1, 2013 |
|
Tina Knowles |
|
influence the federal government into rethinking its gun control laws, following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. |
|
spread female empowerment |
|
Catapult |
|
Demand A Plan |
|
950 |
|
I Was Here |
|
Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini |
|
montaa (mountain) |
|
4th |
|
4th |
|
77 |
|
montaa |
|
1908 |
|
1949 |
|
grizzly bear |
|
grizzly bear |
|
Maiasaura |
|
September 1910 |
|
Oro y Plata |
|
"Gold and Silver" |
|
1865 |
|
1895 |
|
bitterroot |
|
35 percent |
|
235 |
|
Billings |
|
Missoula and Great Falls |
|
"mountain" |
|
Montaa del Norte |
|
147,040 |
|
North Dakota and South Dakota |
|
North Dakota and South Dakota |
|
western half of the state |
|
60 percent |
|
north |
|
Saskatchewan |
|
Beartooth Plateau |
|
Granite Peak |
|
12,799 |
|
Democrats |
|
Steve Daines |
|
Republicans |
|
29 to 21 |
|
swing state |
|
1992 |
|
60 |
|
60 |
|
Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport |
|
spring of 2013 |
|
BNSF |
|
1880s |
|
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation |
|
spring |
|
wolves and mountain lions |
|
1930s |
|
Federation of Fly Fishers |
|
lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries |
|
A River Runs Through It |
|
April 26, 1864 |
|
1862 |
|
$1.75 |
|
1886 |
|
thousands |
|
Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Hudson Bay |
|
Triple Divide Peak |
|
Pacific Ocean |
|
Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers |
|
Three Forks |
|
Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers |
|
1976 |
|
Paradise Valley |
|
Missouri |
|
3,223 |
|
Flathead Lake |
|
Fort Peck Reservoir |
|
Missouri river |
|
25 percent |
|
427 |
|
grizzly bear |
|
black-footed ferret, whooping crane, least tern, pallid sturgeon and white sturgeon |
|
17 |
|
15 inches |
|
34.70 inches |
|
Grinnell Glacier |
|
7 |
|
1 percent to 6.9 percent |
|
sales |
|
Approximately 66,000 |
|
1851 |
|
1887 |
|
Great Falls |
|
63% |
|
German |
|
mining camp |
|
6.5 |
|
Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt |
|
27.9 percent |
|
July 2007 |
|
July |
|
forest fires |
|
1855 |
|
Isaac Stevens |
|
1859 |
|
Flathead Indian Reservation |
|
Camp Cooke |
|
Camp Cooke |
|
1876 |
|
1877 |
|
English |
|
94.8 |
|
Spanish |
|
13,040 |
|
about 1,700 |
|
89.4 percent |
|
89.4 percent |
|
89.4 percent |
|
1,032,949 |
|
4.40% |
|
Gallatin County |
|
14,323 |
|
1917 |
|
1941 |
|
smokejumpers |
|
13 million |
|
325 |
|
General Philip Sheridan |
|
1875 |
|
1881 |
|
1882 |
|
1871, 1872 and 1873 |
|
Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 |
|
September 8, 1883 |
|
1866 |
|
a failed bid for statehood |
|
Helena |
|
1889 |
|
Grover Cleveland |
|
The Homestead Act of 1862 |
|
The Homestead Act of 1862 |
|
1868 |
|
640 acres |
|
640 acres |
|
640 acres |
|
James J. Hill |
|
1902 |
|
1909 |
|
160 to 320 acres |
|
June 1917 |
|
Sedition Act of 1918 |
|
criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means |
|
over 200 |
|
78 |
|
40,000-plus |
|
40,000-plus |
|
1500 |
|
Fort William Henry Harrison |
|
Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow |
|
to prevent the intentional destruction of entire human groups |
|
a substantial part of that group |
|
"in whole or in part" |
|
Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic |
|
respected commentators |
|
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia |
|
Germany |
|
Germany |
|
Germany |
|
the ECHR |
|
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide |
|
Lemkin |
|
Lemkin |
|
United Nations General Assembly |
|
a legal definition of the crime |
|
political killings |
|
USSR |
|
international intervention in domestic politics |
|
William Schabas |
|
Great Purge |
|
Jorgic v. Germany |
|
national, racial, religious or ethnic group |
|
Jorgic v. Germany |
|
the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group |
|
genocide |
|
Lemming |
|
mobilizing much of the international relations and community |
|
Peg LeVine |
|
Peg LeVine |
|
ritualcide |
|
Peg LeVine |
|
language, culture, and economic infrastructure |
|
legal aspect of the term |
|
By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime |
|
deliberate killing of a certain group |
|
officials in power of a state or area |
|
1648 |
|
genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power |
|
ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups |
|
1648 |
|
1944 |
|
geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill). |
|
attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them |
|
Raphael Lemkin |
|
Winston Churchill |
|
1944 |
|
"a crime without a name" |
|
Raphael Lemkin |
|
geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill) |
|
attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them |
|
substantial |
|
The numeric size of the targeted part of the group |
|
absolute terms |
|
prominence |
|
the perpetrators' access to the victims |
|
the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, |
|
the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach |
|
opportunity presented to him |
|
inform the analysis |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
two |
|
the People's Republic of China |
|
long delay |
|
diplomatic compromise |
|
a research tool |
|
international legal credibility |
|
none |
|
Jonassohn and Björnson |
|
Jonassohn and Björnson |
|
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn |
|
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn |
|
Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn |
|
M. Hassan Kakar |
|
The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response |
|
M. Hassan Kakar |
|
Genocide |
|
a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group |
|
the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group |
|
victimized groups |
|
politicides |
|
ethnicity, religion or nationality |
|
pogroms |
|
murder by government |
|
murder by government |
|
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide |
|
non-killings that in the end eliminate the group |
|
non-killings |
|
Adrian Gallagher |
|
Adrian Gallagher |
|
intent |
|
a substantial part |
|
a substantial part |
|
genocide |
|
both in peace and wartime |
|
Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and former Yugoslavia—signed with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them |
|
United States |
|
Cyprus and Norway |
|
1948 |
|
1948 |
|
crimes against humanity and other more specific crimes like murder |
|
1948 |
|
Raphael Lemkin |
|
European Court of Human Rights |
|
European Court of Human Rights |
|
ethnic cleansing |
|
expel Muslims and Croats from their homes |
|
Prijedor |
|
30 |
|
Zdravko Tolimir |
|
committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide |
|
aiding and abetting genocide |
|
German courts |
|
genocide or complicity in genocide |
|
Belgrade |
|
Radovan Karadi and Ratko Mladi |
|
genocide or complicity in genocide |
|
Slobodan Miloevi |
|
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |
|
April 1994 |
|
the Security Council of the United Nations |
|
the Security Council of the United Nations |
|
the Security Council of the United Nations |
|
Darfur |
|
Colin Powell |
|
Senate Foreign Relations Committee |
|
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur |
|
gravity of the crimes perpetrated |
|
the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court |
|
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, |
|
abstained |
|
the Prosecutor has found "reasonable grounds to believe that the individuals identified [in the UN Security Council Resolution 1593] have committed crimes against humanity and war crimes." |
|
structural conditions leading up to genocide |
|
structural conditions leading up to genocide |
|
Ervin Staub |
|
passivity of internal and external witnesses |
|
humanizing a devalued group |
|
antibiotics |
|
evolution |
|
1943 |
|
penicillin and erythromycin |
|
evolutionary processes |
|
bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics |
|
1943 |
|
1943 |
|
concentration |
|
eliminate bacterial infection |
|
bacterial growth phase |
|
ongoing metabolic activity and division of bacterial cells |
|
concentration |
|
host defense mechanisms, the location of infection, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antibacterial |
|
markers of drug efficacy |
|
bacterial functions or growth processes |
|
penicillins and cephalosporins |
|
polymyxins |
|
(macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines |
|
mechanism of action |
|
penicillins and cephalosporins |
|
polymyxins |
|
40-year |
|
mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity |
|
semisynthetic modifications |
|
beta-lactam antibiotics |
|
aminoglycosides |
|
chemical synthesis |
|
semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds |
|
2000 atomic mass units |
|
penicillins |
|
penicillins |
|
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis |
|
resistance |
|
World Health Organization |
|
20th century |
|
anyone, any age, in any country |
|
resistance |
|
World Health Organization |
|
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis |
|
widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance |
|
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis |
|
20th century |
|
resistance |
|
World Health Organization |
|
World Health Organization |
|
20th century |
|
widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance |
|
livestock raising |
|
near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis |
|
empirical therapy |
|
several days in the laboratory |
|
broad spectrum antibiotic |
|
antibiotic |
|
several days |
|
broad spectrum antibiotic |
|
unidentified |
|
several days |
|
fever and nausea |
|
disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora |
|
yeast |
|
elevated risk of tendon damage from administration of a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid |
|
alter the host microbiota |
|
negative effects on humans or other mammals |
|
before approval for clinical use |
|
mild to very serious |
|
fever and nausea |
|
host microbiota |
|
negative effects on humans or other mammals |
|
photodermatitis and anaphylaxis |
|
diarrhea |
|
yeast |
|
tendon damage |
|
increased body mass |
|
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline |
|
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline |
|
obesity |
|
beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics |
|
increased body mass |
|
intestinal microbiota |
|
obesity |
|
contraceptive pills |
|
about 1% |
|
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon |
|
inconclusive and controversial |
|
Clinicians |
|
contraceptive pills |
|
about 1% |
|
estrogens |
|
oral contraceptives |
|
very low |
|
Clinicians |
|
about 1% |
|
Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics |
|
antibiotics |
|
serious side-effects |
|
widespread |
|
side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy |
|
antibiotics |
|
never be mixed |
|
Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics |
|
serious side-effects |
|
never be mixed |
|
Intrinsic antibacterial resistance |
|
antibacterial resistance genes |
|
antibiotic target |
|
vertical transmission of mutations during growth |
|
mutation in the bacterial chromosome |
|
vertical transmission of mutations during growth |
|
Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes |
|
superbugs |
|
tuberculosis |
|
nearly half a million |
|
MDR-TB |
|
antibiotic-resistant |
|
Self prescription of antibiotics |
|
antibiotic-resistant |
|
medical professionals |
|
medical professionals |
|
failure to rest for sufficient recovery |
|
Inappropriate antibiotic treatment |
|
respiratory tract |
|
US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance |
|
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) |
|
2002 |
|
2003 |
|
Swann report 1969 |
|
American Medical Association (AMA) |
|
S.742 and H.R. 2562 |
|
American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association (APHA) |
|
animal husbandry |
|
1977 |
|
March 2012 |
|
medicinal folklore |
|
2000 years ago |
|
mold and plant materials |
|
against life |
|
Jean Paul Vuillemin |
|
mold |
|
Alexander Fleming |
|
penicillin |
|
chemotherapy |
|
Prontosil |
|
Gerhard Domagk |
|
Gerhard Domagk |
|
1939 |
|
tyrothricin |
|
1939 |
|
Rene Dubos |
|
Rene Dubos |
|
wounds and ulcers |
|
1942 |
|
1945 |
|
Norman Heatley |
|
1945 |
|
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin |
|
immune modulation or augmentation |
|
Antibacterial vaccines |
|
less reactogenic, cell-free vaccines |
|
Phage therapy |
|
infecting pathogenic bacteria |
|
the phages will infect "good" bacteria |
|
2 |
|
Gram-negative bacilli |
|
April 2013 |
|
clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA |
|
appropriate economic incentives |
|
superbugs |
|
senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, |
|
Polish and French |
|
Romantic era |
|
solo piano |
|
Duchy of Warsaw |
|
20 |
|
Romantic |
|
Romantic era |
|
Duchy of Warsaw |
|
solo piano |
|
20 |
|
17 October 1849 |
|
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin |
|
solo piano |
|
Romantic era |
|
Romantic |
|
Duchy of Warsaw |
|
20 |
|
Romantic |
|
17 October 1849 |
|
21 |
|
30 |
|
1835 |
|
Majorca |
|
tuberculosis |
|
Paris |
|
30 |
|
Franz Liszt |
|
1835 |
|
Maria Wodziska |
|
21 |
|
30 |
|
1835 |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
1835 |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
tuberculosis |
|
piano |
|
instrumental ballade |
|
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert |
|
nuance and sensitivity |
|
Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, |
|
piano |
|
instrumental ballade |
|
nuance and sensitivity |
|
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert |
|
two |
|
piano |
|
two |
|
nuance and sensitivity |
|
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert |
|
piano |
|
two |
|
Polish folk music, the classical tradition of J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert, |
|
indirect |
|
Romantic |
|
Romantic era |
|
he has been the subject of numerous films and biographies |
|
France |
|
Poland |
|
political insurrection |
|
Romantic era |
|
France |
|
political insurrection |
|
Romantic era |
|
elazowa Wola |
|
22 February 1810 |
|
1 March |
|
Fridericus Franciscus |
|
29 |
|
elazowa Wola |
|
Napoleon |
|
22 February 1810 |
|
1 March |
|
Fridericus Franciscus |
|
Napoleon |
|
22 February 1810 |
|
1 March |
|
Fridericus Franciscus |
|
elazowa Wola |
|
Napoleon |
|
Justyna Krzyanowska |
|
Easter Sunday, 23 April 1810 |
|
1806 |
|
Lorraine |
|
Lorraine |
|
Justyna Krzyanowska |
|
Fryderyk Skarbek |
|
Ludwika |
|
Lorraine |
|
Lorraine |
|
Ludwika |
|
French |
|
French |
|
Palace grounds |
|
flute and violin |
|
illnesses |
|
1810 |
|
Warsaw Lyceum |
|
flute and violin |
|
piano |
|
French |
|
French |
|
flute and violin |
|
piano |
|
Saxon Palace. |
|
Wojciech ywny |
|
Ludwika |
|
7 |
|
polonaises |
|
polonaise in A-flat major of 1821 |
|
Wojciech ywny |
|
Ludwika |
|
7 |
|
seven |
|
1816 to 1821 |
|
Wojciech ywny |
|
Ludwika |
|
7 |
|
Wojciech ywny |
|
Kazimierz Palace |
|
Warsaw University |
|
Kazimierz Palace |
|
Belweder Palace |
|
Nasze Przebiegi |
|
Kazimierz Palace |
|
Kazimierz Palace |
|
Grand Duke Constantine |
|
Belweder Palace |
|
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz |
|
Belweder Palace |
|
Grand Duke Constantine |
|
Belweder Palace |
|
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz |
|
Wilhelm Würfel |
|
Józef Elsner |
|
eolomelodicon |
|
Tsar Alexander I |
|
10 June 1825 |
|
Wilhelm Würfel |
|
Józef Elsner |
|
eolomelodicon |
|
diamond ring |
|
Rondo Op. 1 |
|
Wilhelm Würfel |
|
Józef Elsner |
|
eolomelodicon |
|
a diamond ring. |
|
Rondo Op. 1. |
|
Dominik Dziewanowski |
|
Szafarnia |
|
spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers |
|
spoofing of the Warsaw newspapers |
|
Dominik Dziewanowski |
|
Polish rural folk music |
|
Dominik Dziewanowski |
|
The Szafarnia Courier |
|
Szafarnia |
|
1827 |
|
Krakowskie Przedmiecie |
|
1830 |
|
the Chopin Family Parlour |
|
Ambroy Mieroszewski |
|
1827 |
|
1830 |
|
boarding house for male students |
|
Ambroy Mieroszewski |
|
Emilia |
|
1830 |
|
the Chopin Family Parlour |
|
Ambroy Mieroszewski |
|
the Chopin Family Parlour |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Konstancja Gadkowska |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Konstancja Gadkowska |
|
slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) |
|
July 1829 |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Konstancja Gadkowska |
|
Tytus Woyciechowski |
|
slow movement (Larghetto) of his Piano Concerto No. 1 (in E minor) |
|
Paris |
|
Feliks Jarocki |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
Prince Antoni Radziwi |
|
Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3 |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
Feliks Jarocki |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
Prince Antoni Radziwi |
|
Introduction and Polonaise brillante in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3 |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
Feliks Jarocki |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
Gaspare Spontini |
|
governor of the Grand Duchy of Posen—himself an accomplished composer |
|
Souvenir de Paganini |
|
11 August |
|
piano-bashing |
|
17 March 1830 |
|
Souvenir de Paganini |
|
Vienna |
|
Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op. 21 |
|
September 1829 |
|
piano-bashing of local artists |
|
Niccol Paganini |
|
Vienna |
|
piano-bashing |
|
three weeks |
|
2 November 1830 |
|
Austria |
|
2 November 1830 |
|
Zdzisaw Jachimecki |
|
Zdzisaw Jachimecki |
|
Woyciechowski |
|
Italy |
|
the November 1830 Uprising |
|
composer and performer |
|
Woyciechowski |
|
2 November 1830 |
|
"I curse the moment of my departure." |
|
September 1831 |
|
Polish Great Emigration |
|
France |
|
1835 |
|
Poles in exile |
|
Paris |
|
1831 |
|
Polish Great Emigration |
|
1835 |
|
Adam Zamoyski |
|
Poland |
|
France |
|
France |
|
Adam Zamoyski |
|
Polish Great Emigration |
|
Paris |
|
Adam Mickiewicz |
|
set as songs |
|
Adam Mickiewicz |
|
Alfred de Vigny |
|
Adam Mickiewicz |
|
Polish Literary Society |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Albert Grzymaa |
|
Albert Grzymaa, |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Paris |
|
England |
|
England |
|
Albert Grzymaa |
|
Albert Grzymaa |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Warsaw Conservatory |
|
Robert Schumann |
|
Salle Pleyel |
|
intimate keyboard technique |
|
his father |
|
Robert Schumann |
|
Salle Pleyel |
|
Rothschild |
|
1831 |
|
intimate keyboard technique |
|
publishing his works and teaching piano |
|
small groups of friends |
|
pianos |
|
Salle Pleyel |
|
Hexameron |
|
Maurice Schlesinger |
|
Adolphe Gutmann |
|
his own Paris apartment |
|
a concerto by J.S. Bach |
|
Maurice Schlesinger |
|
Felix Mendelssohn |
|
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, |
|
Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow |
|
Carlsbad |
|
Lower Rhenish Music Festival |
|
Hiller |
|
Carlsbad |
|
Countess Wodziska |
|
Countess Wodziska |
|
Felix Mendelssohn |
|
Düsseldorf |
|
Academy of Art |
|
Maria |
|
Liszt |
|
Hiller |
|
Woyciechowski |
|
26 February 1832 |
|
Liszt |
|
Salle Pleyel |
|
38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin |
|
Hôtel de France |
|
seven |
|
Harriet Smithson |
|
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory |
|
2 April 1833 |
|
Bonn |
|
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory |
|
Rue Lafitte |
|
seven |
|
Harriet Smithson |
|
love-hate relationship |
|
theatricality, showmanship and success |
|
apology |
|
my friend Liszt |
|
Op. 10 Études |
|
Marie d'Agoult |
|
Liszt |
|
Liszt |
|
Marie d'Agoult |
|
Hiller |
|
George Sand |
|
Marie d'Agoult |
|
My tragedy |
|
Grzymaa |
|
George Sand |
|
poor health |
|
My tragedy |
|
Marie d'Agoult |
|
Maria Wodziska's mother |
|
My tragedy |
|
Grzymaa |
|
Camille Pleyel |
|
Sand began in earnest |
|
six years |
|
Majorca |
|
Valldemossa |
|
Camille Pleyel |
|
Camille Pleyel |
|
six years |
|
Félicien Mallefille |
|
Carthusian |
|
Sand |
|
Majorca |
|
Sand's two children |
|
Félicien Mallefille. |
|
Carthusian |
|
Three |
|
Pleyel |
|
the best possible condition |
|
bad health and the incompetence of the doctors |
|
3 December |
|
bad health and the incompetence of the doctors |
|
Pleyel |
|
3 December |
|
Pleyel |
|
bad weather |
|
the Canuts |
|
Marseilles |
|
Nohant |
|
Square d'Orléans |
|
the Canuts |
|
Marseilles |
|
Nohant |
|
5 rue Tronchet |
|
Square d'Orléans |
|
bad weather |
|
the Canuts. |
|
Marseilles |
|
Square d'Orléans |
|
Nohant |
|
Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale |
|
tenth |
|
the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit |
|
the organ |
|
Die Gestirne |
|
the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit |
|
Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. |
|
Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale |
|
to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. |
|
Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53 |
|
mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot |
|
7 June 1842 |
|
piano technique and composition |
|
mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot |
|
piano technique and composition. |
|
Delacroix |
|
1842 |
|
Grzymaa |
|
Beethoven Seventh Symphony |
|
Charles Hallé |
|
temporal lobe epilepsy |
|
1842 |
|
Beethoven Seventh Symphony |
|
temporal lobe epilepsy |
|
1842 onwards |
|
mouth and tonsils |
|
Beethoven Seventh Symphony |
|
Charles Hallé |
|
temporal lobe |
|
Auguste Clésinger |
|
radical political pursuits |
|
third child |
|
Lucrezia Floriani |
|
1847 |
|
1846 |
|
Auguste Clésinger |
|
Lucrezia Floriani |
|
Auguste Clésinger. |
|
nurse |
|
Lucrezia Floriani |
|
1847 |
|
Op. 58 sonata |
|
works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions |
|
six |
|
six |
|
Op. 58 sonata |
|
six |
|
six |
|
1845 |
|
1848 |
|
Auguste Franchomme |
|
1848 |
|
Auguste Franchomme |
|
struggle financially. |
|
Auguste Franchomme |
|
Cello Sonata Op. |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music |
|
A Song to Remember |
|
A Song to Remember |
|
1928 |
|
La valse de l'adieu |
|
George Sand |
|
A Song to Remember |
|
A Song to Remember |
|
La valse de l'adieu |
|
La valse de l'adieu |
|
1901 |
|
Milan |
|
Milan |
|
Chopin |
|
opera |
|
Milan |
|
1901. |
|
Milan |
|
Leon Ulrich |
|
Marcel Proust and André Gide |
|
1830 |
|
Leon Ulrich |
|
1830 |
|
numerous |
|
Warsaw Chopin Society |
|
Warsaw Chopin Society |
|
The New York Times |
|
Warsaw Chopin Society |
|
Warsaw Chopin Society |
|
The New York Times |
|
1895 |
|
Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2 |
|
1895 |
|
The British Library |
|
1895 |
|
Methuen-Campbell |
|
International Chopin Piano Competition |
|
1927 |
|
Warsaw |
|
every five years |
|
1,500 |
|
International Chopin Piano Competition |
|
1927 |
|
over eighty |
|
1,500 |
|
Chopiniana |
|
Michel Fokine |
|
Les Sylphides |
|
Alexander Glazunov |
|
Michel Fokine |
|
Chopiniana |
|
Michel Fokine |
|
Alexander Glazunov. |
|
Sergei Diaghilev |
|
London |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
London |
|
Jane Stirling and her elder sister |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
Revolution of 1848 |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
Dover Street |
|
Broadwood |
|
Stafford House |
|
Prince Albert |
|
7 July |
|
Dover Street |
|
a grand piano. |
|
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. |
|
piano lessons |
|
Viardot |
|
Scotland |
|
Adam yszczyski |
|
Scotland |
|
Hopetoun Rooms |
|
10 Warriston Crescent in Edinburgh |
|
16 November 1848 |
|
London's Guildhall |
|
Polish refugees. |
|
terminal |
|
London's Guildhall |
|
Delfina Potocka |
|
Chaillot |
|
Princess Obreskoff |
|
November |
|
Delfina Potocka |
|
Chaillot |
|
Princess Obreskoff. |
|
Jenny Lind. |
|
Ludwika |
|
Place Vendôme 12 |
|
Ludwika |
|
her husband and daughter |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
Viardot |
|
fear of being buried alive |
|
"No longer" |
|
Clésinger |
|
fear of being buried alive |
|
Clésinger |
|
tuberculosis |
|
Jean Cruveilhier |
|
DNA testing |
|
tuberculosis |
|
Jean Cruveilhier |
|
cystic fibrosis |
|
Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied |
|
the Church of the Madeleine |
|
almost two weeks |
|
Over 3,000 |
|
Paris |
|
almost two weeks |
|
Over 3,000 |
|
Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor |
|
Louis Lefébure-Wély |
|
Prince Adam Czartoryski |
|
Funeral March |
|
Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor |
|
Louis Lefébure-Wély |
|
Père Lachaise Cemetery |
|
Prince Adam Czartoryski |
|
Funeral March |
|
Clésinger |
|
Euterpe |
|
5,000 francs |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
alcohol |
|
Clésinger. |
|
5,000 francs |
|
Jane Stirling |
|
Ludwika |
|
Sand |
|
Over 230 |
|
piano |
|
Over 230 |
|
a few |
|
Clementi |
|
Clementi |
|
Bach and Mozart |
|
Haydn |
|
John Field |
|
ballades and scherzi |
|
nocturne |
|
ballades and scherzi |
|
concert étude |
|
Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles |
|
polonaises |
|
polonaises |
|
mazurkas |
|
salon recital |
|
endowed popular dance forms with a greater range of melody and expression. |
|
the concert hall |
|
the concert hall |
|
polonaises |
|
salon recital |
|
Revolutionary Étude |
|
Funeral March |
|
Sonata No. 2 |
|
Sonata No. 2 |
|
Revolutionary Étude |
|
Minute Waltz |
|
65 |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
17 |
|
65 |
|
Julian Fontana |
|
1857 |
|
Krystyna Kobylaska |
|
1857 |
|
1857 |
|
Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylaska. |
|
KK |
|
Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylaska. |
|
Breitkopf & Härtel |
|
Jan Ekier |
|
Maurice Schlesinger |
|
piano anthologies. |
|
Paderewski |
|
Jan Ekier |
|
Improvisation |
|
four-bar phrase |
|
Improvisation |
|
Nicholas Temperley |
|
four-bar phrase |
|
the Barcarolle Op. 60 |
|
four ballades and four scherzos |
|
departure and return |
|
folk |
|
coda. |
|
mazurkas and waltzes |
|
bass |
|
canon at one beat's distance |
|
triple time |
|
Zywny and Elsner |
|
triple time |
|
formidable |
|
nocturnes |
|
agitated expression |
|
nocturnes |
|
1833 |
|
nocturnes |
|
straightforward ternary |
|
straightforward ternary |
|
straightforward ternary |
|
The Well-Tempered Clavier |
|
Kenneth Hamilton |
|
The preludes |
|
The Well-Tempered Clavier |
|
generic preludes to others of his pieces |
|
Kenneth Hamilton |
|
Op. 35 |
|
Kornel Michaowski and Jim Samson |
|
Op. 35 |
|
The last movement |
|
Op. 58 |
|
Claude Debussy |
|
keyboard improvisation |
|
Temperley |
|
finger technique |
|
Léon Escudier |
|
knowing good fingering |
|
Karol Szymanowski |
|
Chopin's use of national modes and idioms |
|
Nikolai Zverev |
|
Karol Szymanowski |
|
Nikolai Zverev |
|
Nikolai Zverev |
|
Jonathan Bellman |
|
rigid procedures |
|
"always crescendo to a high note" |
|
the most beautiful things of art |
|
Berlioz |
|
Hiller |
|
rubato |
|
the practice in performance of disregarding strict time |
|
rubato |
|
mazurkas |
|
Friederike Müller |
|
Friederike Müller |
|
rhythm. |
|
nationalism |
|
1836 |
|
Poland |
|
1836 |
|
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein |
|
mazurkas and polonaises |
|
Schumann |
|
cannon buried in flowers |
|
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein |
|
Barbara Milewski |
|
Micha Kleofas Ogiski and Franciszek Lessel |
|
patronizing |
|
intuitive |
|
freedom |
|
polonaise and mazurka |
|
Arthur Hutchings |
|
Liszt and Henri Herz |
|
Paris |
|
Arthur Hutchings |
|
Carnaval |
|
Ballade No. 2 in F major |
|
six |
|
Alkan |
|
pianist and composer |
|
Carnaval |
|
Ballade No. 2 in F major |
|
Liszt |
|
Debussy |
|
Jacques Durand |
|
Raoul Koczalski |
|
Karol Mikuli |
|
Mainland Chinese scholars |
|
horses |
|
1402–1424 |
|
Sakya |
|
Karma Kagyu school |
|
Nepal |
|
Tibetans |
|
Mongols |
|
Ganden Phodrang regime |
|
1578 |
|
9th century |
|
821 |
|
fixed the borders between Tibet and China |
|
Tang China |
|
821 |
|
907–960 |
|
960–1279 |
|
the Song dynasty |
|
Khitan |
|
Jurchen |
|
Mongol ruler Genghis Khan |
|
gedei Khan |
|
1229–1241 |
|
gedei Khan |
|
Godan |
|
Sakya Pandita |
|
Töregene Khatun |
|
1241–1246 |
|
thirteen |
|
Khagan |
|
gedei Khan |
|
Karma Pakshi |
|
Phagpa lama |
|
1279 |
|
1271–1368 |
|
Kublai Khan |
|
universal rule |
|
Kublai Khan |
|
1358 |
|
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Phagmodrupa Dynasty |
|
Zhu Yuanzhang |
|
Red Turban Rebellion |
|
Zhu Yuanzhang |
|
1368–1398 |
|
Karmapa |
|
Rolpe Dorje |
|
Rolpe Dorje |
|
the Buddhist link between Tibet and China |
|
4th Karmapa Lama |
|
Ming |
|
1402–1424 |
|
Morris Rossabi |
|
1644–1912 |
|
"Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" and "Amdo-Kham Itinerant High Commandery" |
|
É-L-S Army-Civilian Marshal Office |
|
seventeen Qianhu offices |
|
"Ü-Tsang Itinerant High Commandery" and "Amdo-Kham Itinerant High Commandery" |
|
three Princes of Dharma |
|
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Turrell V. Wylie |
|
Tibet |
|
Morris Rossabi |
|
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa |
|
Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain |
|
Wang and Nyima |
|
1371 |
|
princes |
|
ex-Yuan officials |
|
Thomas Laird |
|
Mongol khans |
|
Wang and Nyima |
|
A Mongol dynasty of China |
|
the line of Mongol rulers in China |
|
Thomas Laird |
|
Rossabi |
|
1271 to 1368 |
|
1311–1320 |
|
licensed border market |
|
Mongols |
|
the Ming |
|
General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office |
|
Ü-Tsang Commanding Office |
|
Beijing |
|
Chen Qingying |
|
1,000 households |
|
10,000 households |
|
John Powers |
|
ruling lamas |
|
no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming. |
|
Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan |
|
"Dependent States" and oasis city-states of the Western Regions |
|
Education Minister |
|
Degsi |
|
the Yuan imperial court and the Phagmodrupa Dynasty |
|
Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Central-local government relation." |
|
Changchub Gyaltsen |
|
Van Praag |
|
University of Washington |
|
Mongol suzerainty |
|
Sagya Gyaincain |
|
Ming officer of Hezhou |
|
Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen |
|
Ming officer of Hezhou |
|
sent envoys to the Ming court |
|
1642 |
|
1434 |
|
1642 |
|
1642 |
|
Karmapa Kargyu |
|
Mongol |
|
Je Tsongkhapa |
|
Je Tsongkhapa |
|
Je Tsongkhapa |
|
1407 |
|
1413 |
|
Chosrje Shkya Yeshes |
|
Chosrje Shkya Yeshes |
|
Dawa Norbu |
|
the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes |
|
Mongols |
|
Mongols |
|
Yang Sanbao |
|
Yang Sanbao |
|
Yang Sanbao |
|
various Tibetan princes |
|
Yang Sanbao |
|
Ming |
|
1430s |
|
Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu |
|
History of Ming |
|
Phagmodru myriarchy |
|
Mongol Yuan |
|
1435–1565 |
|
Mongol Yuan |
|
1565–1642 |
|
1398–1402 |
|
Yao Guangxiao |
|
Hongwu Emperor |
|
March 10, 1403 |
|
Zhi Guang |
|
the Karmapa |
|
1407 |
|
Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan |
|
1403 |
|
Nanjing |
|
came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa |
|
Kublai Khan |
|
the Yongle Emperor |
|
twenty-two days |
|
Nanjing |
|
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma |
|
religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects |
|
Deshin Shekpa |
|
strictly for religious purposes |
|
to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools |
|
to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools |
|
Deshin Shekpa |
|
Jianwen Emperor |
|
Deshin Shekpa |
|
Marsha Weidner |
|
the fifth Karmapa |
|
Buddhist artifacts |
|
Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship." |
|
1435–1449 |
|
Zhengtong |
|
Zhengtong |
|
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma |
|
Ming court |
|
the Karmapa hierarchs |
|
1446 |
|
1415 |
|
Karmapa |
|
Yangzi and Mekong |
|
tea, horses, and salt |
|
Yunnan |
|
horses |
|
silk |
|
silk |
|
Van Praag |
|
a mandatory "corvée" tax |
|
Tibet |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Mongols |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Hongwu Emperor |
|
Mu Ying |
|
30,000 |
|
30,000 |
|
Qu Neng |
|
Ordos region |
|
Mongols |
|
Ming China |
|
stabilize border regions and protect trade routes |
|
divide-and-rule |
|
the Sakya regime had fallen |
|
the fifth Karmapa |
|
giving patronage to many different Tibetan lamas |
|
Phagmodrupa |
|
1498 |
|
New Years ceremonies and prayers |
|
1518 |
|
1505–1521 |
|
Zhengde Emperor |
|
Mikyö Dorje |
|
Manchu Qing dynasty |
|
China's intervening Ming dynasty |
|
13th century |
|
the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century |
|
Qing |
|
the Chinese central government |
|
Mongol khans |
|
Republic of China and its Communist successors |
|
California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco |
|
Mongols |
|
patron and priest |
|
13th century |
|
Ming |
|
1981 |
|
Ming |
|
the central government of China |
|
1521–1567 |
|
Daoism |
|
Tibetan lamas |
|
Yang Tinghe |
|
Yang Tinghe |
|
Jiajing |
|
Tibetan Buddhism |
|
Tibetan Buddhism |
|
Tibetan Buddhism and lamas |
|
Jiajing |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Altan Khan |
|
1571 |
|
Amdo |
|
shamanism and blood sacrifice |
|
Gelug |
|
Gelug |
|
Mongol princes |
|
Committed to their religious leader |
|
Tümen Khan |
|
great-grandson of Altan Khan |
|
the 5th Dalai Lama |
|
1642 |
|
Sonam Gyatso |
|
Altan Khan |
|
Zhang Juzheng |
|
Zhang Juzheng |
|
Mongolia |
|
third Dalai Lama |
|
by allowing him to pay tribute |
|
1587 |
|
Qing |
|
Qing |
|
Master of Vajradhara |
|
the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso |
|
1616 |
|
the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso |
|
died |
|
Mongols |
|
Mongols |
|
1642 |
|
the Ming court |
|
1565 |
|
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal |
|
1611–1621 |
|
Karmapa |
|
The fourth Dalai Lama |
|
Güshi Khan |
|
protector |
|
Güshi Khan |
|
1637–1640 |
|
1642 |
|
Lozang Gyatso |
|
Lozang Gyatso |
|
presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama |
|
Sonam Chöpel |
|
Lozang Gyatso |
|
Shun |
|
Mukden |
|
Lozang Gyatso |
|
Kangxi Emperor |
|
Kangxi Emperor |
|
1720 |
|
1751 |
|
1735–1796 |
|
multi-purpose pocket computers |
|
October 23, 2001 |
|
three |
|
multi-purpose pocket computers |
|
three |
|
October 23, 2001 |
|
multi-purpose pocket computers |
|
3 |
|
iPod Shuffle |
|
July 15, 2015 |
|
external data storage |
|
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
|
128 GB |
|
Apple's iTunes |
|
Apple's iTunes |
|
Apple's iTunes |
|
Music and Videos |
|
Music and Videos |
|
iOS 5 |
|
middle of 2010 |
|
separate apps named "Music" and "Videos" |
|
A8 |
|
A8 |
|
A8 |
|
2015 |
|
A8 |
|
5 |
|
2001 |
|
2004 |
|
Jon Rubinstein |
|
Braun T3 transistor radio |
|
5 GB |
|
2001 |
|
5 GB |
|
the Walkman of the twenty-first century" |
|
Jon Rubinstein |
|
Toshiba disk drive |
|
Pixo |
|
Espy |
|
2007 |
|
Helvetica |
|
Steve Jobs |
|
PortalPlayer |
|
Helvetica |
|
2006 |
|
U2 |
|
black |
|
33 minutes |
|
U2 |
|
black |
|
2006 |
|
Burst.com |
|
Kane Kramer |
|
Kane Kramer |
|
1981 |
|
IXI |
|
Burst.com |
|
IXI |
|
Kane Kramer |
|
Vinnie Chieco |
|
freelance copywriter |
|
2001: A Space Odyssey |
|
Joseph N. Grasso |
|
2005 |
|
2001: A Space Odyssey |
|
Vinnie Chieco |
|
Joseph N. Grasso |
|
mid-2015 |
|
Pierre Dandumont |
|
12.2 |
|
12.2 |
|
Pierre Dandumont |
|
weak bass response |
|
when using high-impedance headphones |
|
external headphone amplifier |
|
weak |
|
low-impedance |
|
distortion |
|
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster |
|
clipping |
|
2006 |
|
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster |
|
concerns about hearing loss |
|
100 dB |
|
100 dB |
|
France |
|
100 dB |
|
France |
|
FireWire |
|
a power adapter |
|
FireWire |
|
30-pin |
|
30-pin dock connector |
|
fifth |
|
fourth |
|
3.5 mm |
|
30-pin |
|
3.5 mm |
|
30-pin |
|
30-pin |
|
iPod Hi-Fi |
|
Belkin and Griffin |
|
dock connector |
|
proprietary |
|
Belkin |
|
iPod Hi-Fi |
|
Lightning |
|
iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano |
|
30 |
|
8 |
|
pins |
|
Lightning |
|
September 12, 2012 |
|
the iPod Hi-Fi |
|
Nike+iPod pedometer |
|
Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation |
|
FM radio |
|
Nike +iPod pedometer |
|
Apple |
|
BMW |
|
2005 |
|
Scion |
|
BMW |
|
Scion |
|
independent stereo manufacturers |
|
adapter kits |
|
audio input jacks |
|
adapter kits |
|
audio input jacks |
|
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates |
|
individual seat-back displays |
|
KLM and Air France |
|
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates |
|
2007 |
|
Apple Lossless |
|
JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG |
|
WMA |
|
WMA |
|
Mac OS |
|
Apple Lossless |
|
JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG |
|
one |
|
Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library |
|
one host computer |
|
click wheel |
|
click wheel |
|
earphone cable |
|
3.5" |
|
iPhone |
|
click wheel |
|
the 3rd-generation iPod Shuffle |
|
iPhone |
|
April 29, 2003 |
|
The iTunes Store |
|
October 12, 2005 |
|
September 12, 2006 |
|
April 29, 2003 |
|
October 12, 2005 |
|
September 12, 2006 |
|
FairPlay DRM |
|
Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods |
|
iTunes Plus |
|
January 6, 2009 |
|
April 2009 |
|
FairPlay DRM |
|
FairPlay DRM |
|
iTunes Plus |
|
January 6, 2009 |
|
Napster and MSN Music |
|
protected WMA |
|
DRM |
|
Universal Music Group |
|
Universal Music Group |
|
July 3, 2007 |
|
The Beat Goes On... |
|
September 5, 2007 |
|
September 5, 2007 |
|
an iPhone or an iPod Touch |
|
various versions of iPods |
|
Brick |
|
Steve Wozniak |
|
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz |
|
Brick |
|
Brick |
|
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz |
|
September 2006 |
|
iTunes 7 |
|
6th and 5th generation |
|
6th and 5th generation |
|
September 2006 |
|
fifth generation |
|
Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft |
|
video game handheld console market |
|
GamePro and EGM |
|
.ipg |
|
.ipg |
|
a software development kit (SDK) |
|
clickwheel-based |
|
.ipg |
|
only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone |
|
a software development kit (SDK) |
|
iTunes |
|
iTunes |
|
iTunes |
|
iTunes 7 and above |
|
iTunes 7 and above |
|
hidden |
|
host operating system |
|
manual |
|
2005 |
|
Advanced Audio Devices |
|
online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch |
|
Ho Keung Tse |
|
Advanced Audio Devices |
|
FairPlay |
|
rotational user inputs |
|
August 2005 |
|
Creative Technology |
|
Zen Patent |
|
United States International Trade Commission |
|
rotational user inputs |
|
Creative Technology |
|
August 24, 2006 |
|
$100 million |
|
iPod accessories |
|
$100 million |
|
Made for iPod program |
|
over 90% |
|
October 2004 |
|
72.7% |
|
Bloomberg Online |
|
over 90% |
|
over 90% |
|
74% |
|
January 8, 2004 |
|
Hewlett-Packard (HP) |
|
Wal-Mart |
|
5% |
|
unfavorable terms and conditions |
|
HP |
|
hundred million |
|
32% |
|
Mac computers |
|
$5.2 billion |
|
April 9, 2007 |
|
32% |
|
$6.22 billion |
|
30.69% |
|
$3.5 billion |
|
$15.4 billion |
|
$3.5 billion |
|
January 22, 2008 |
|
$1.58 billion |
|
42% |
|
42% |
|
Peter Oppenheimer |
|
Phil Schiller |
|
14.21% |
|
220 million |
|
decreased |
|
fourth best computer product |
|
looks, clean design, and ease of use. |
|
Sony Ericsson and Nokia |
|
WMA |
|
PC World |
|
Sony Ericsson and Nokia |
|
PC World |
|
business |
|
business communication and training |
|
Royal and Western Infirmaries |
|
Glasgow, Scotland |
|
Duke University |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
Duke University |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
the end of the Album Era |
|
accelerating shifts within the music industry |
|
the end of the Album Era |
|
the end of the Album Era |
|
14 hours |
|
less than 8 hours |
|
2003 |
|
advertised battery life |
|
less than 8 hours |
|
batteries |
|
refurbished replacement iPod |
|
lithium-ion batteries |
|
batteries |
|
lithium-ion batteries |
|
battery replacement |
|
$99 |
|
soldering tools |
|
adhesive. |
|
November 14, 2003 |
|
$99 |
|
iPod Nano |
|
flawed battery |
|
Apple product replacement program |
|
alleged short life-span and fragile hard drives |
|
13.7% |
|
13.7% |
|
late 2005 |
|
protective sleeves |
|
above 20% |
|
scratched |
|
15-hour |
|
Apple's Code of Conduct |
|
25 |
|
15-hour |
|
25% |
|
Verité |
|
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group |
|
Foxconn |
|
All-China Federation of Trade Unions, |
|
Foxconn |
|
Verité |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
2010 |
|
an Apple prototype |
|
2010 |
|
innovation |
|
can function in "disk mode" as mass storage devices to store data files |
|
FAT32 |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
November 2006 |
|
December 2006 |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
November 2005 |
|
November 2006 |
|
Link |
|
Hyrule |
|
Midna |
|
Link |
|
Midna |
|
The Wind Waker |
|
Game of the Year |
|
Nintendo Selects |
|
March 2016 |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
Game of the Year |
|
2006 |
|
March 2016 |
|
combat, exploration, and item collection |
|
Ocarina of Time |
|
L-targeting |
|
Clawshot |
|
Clawshot |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
Ocarina of Time |
|
Clawshot |
|
L-targeting |
|
context-sensitive |
|
context-sensitive |
|
place the rock on the ground |
|
context-sensitive |
|
context-sensitive |
|
Wii Remote |
|
chime |
|
Wii Remote |
|
Nunchuk |
|
"lookaround" |
|
built-in speaker |
|
Wii Remote |
|
nine |
|
enemies |
|
a large overworld |
|
Epona |
|
puzzles |
|
a boss |
|
a large overworld |
|
Wolf Link" |
|
biting |
|
Poes |
|
Midna |
|
Epona |
|
Wolf Link" |
|
imp-like creature |
|
imp-like creature |
|
artificial intelligence |
|
The Wind Waker |
|
arrows or slingshot pellets |
|
artificial intelligence |
|
arrows or slingshot pellets |
|
nods and facial expressions |
|
Midna |
|
Akiko Kmoto |
|
Japan |
|
gasps |
|
nods and facial expressions |
|
Midna |
|
Akiko Kmoto |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
carry off the village's children |
|
Midna |
|
Tears of Light |
|
Ordon Village |
|
Bulblins |
|
Tears of Light |
|
Fused Shadows |
|
Zant |
|
Master Sword |
|
Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda |
|
Zoras of Lanayu |
|
Fused Shadows |
|
Zant |
|
Master Sword |
|
Bringing a dying Midna to Zelda |
|
Shadow Crystal |
|
Mirror of Twilight |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Hyrule Castle |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Shadow Crystal |
|
Gerudo Desert |
|
Mirror of Twilight |
|
Ganondorf |
|
by possessing Zelda's body and eventually by transforming into a beast |
|
Midna's helmet |
|
Hyrule Castle |
|
Ganondorf |
|
plunges the Master Sword into his chest |
|
Zelda and the Light Spirits |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Midna's helmet |
|
Mirror of Twilight |
|
2003 |
|
Game Developers Conference |
|
its cartoon appearance |
|
horseback combat |
|
2003 |
|
Eiji Aonuma |
|
horseback combat |
|
realistic horseback riding,[l] |
|
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 |
|
Nintendo DS |
|
Phantom Hourglass |
|
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 |
|
Mitsuhiro Takano |
|
The Minish Cap |
|
Revolution |
|
Miyamoto |
|
Mitsuhiro Takano |
|
the Wii Remote |
|
pointing-based |
|
2005 |
|
Satoru Iwata |
|
2005 |
|
Nintendo DS |
|
E3 2005 |
|
Nintendo DS |
|
E3 2005 |
|
swinging |
|
Aonuma |
|
Wii controller |
|
2006 |
|
a month |
|
Aonuma |
|
2006 |
|
the difficulty of the control scheme |
|
sword |
|
gestures—something E3 attendees had commented |
|
right |
|
comfort and ease |
|
Toru Minegishi and Asuka Ohta |
|
Koji Kondo |
|
Michiru shima |
|
Koji Kondo |
|
Michiru shima |
|
Yasuzo Takemoto |
|
orchestral music |
|
50 |
|
November 19, 2006 |
|
a Nintendo Power promotion |
|
orchestral music |
|
November 19, 2006 |
|
a Nintendo Power promotion |
|
an exploit known as the "Twilight Hack" |
|
properly designed save file |
|
Versions 3.3 and 3.4 |
|
Twilight Hack |
|
Versions 3.3 and 3.4 |
|
Versions 3.3 and 3.4 |
|
Tantalus Media |
|
Wii U |
|
November 12, 2015 |
|
March 5, 2016 |
|
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD |
|
Tantalus Media |
|
Tantalus Media |
|
March 4, 2016 |
|
Wolf Link Amiibo figurine |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Cave of Shadows |
|
Wolf Link |
|
Cave of Shadows |
|
Ganondorf |
|
Ganondorf |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
Japan, Europe, and Australia |
|
20 |
|
1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. |
|
GameRankings and Metacritic |
|
GameTrailers |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. |
|
95 |
|
GameTrailers |
|
blurry textures |
|
GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann |
|
GameSpot |
|
Javier Glickman |
|
Hyper |
|
blurry textures |
|
Gaming Nexus |
|
Javier Glickman |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
16th |
|
4th |
|
third |
|
Nintendo Power |
|
Best Console Game |
|
16th |
|
4th |
|
Twilight Princess |
|
1.32 million |
|
1.32 million |
|
PAL region |
|
1.32 million |
|
1.32 million |
|
Akira Himekawa |
|
Japan |
|
Shogakukan |
|
MangaOne |
|
Eon Productions |
|
Daniel Craig |
|
Spectre |
|
Skyfall |
|
most expensive |
|
twenty-four |
|
Spectre |
|
four |
|
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Columbia Pictures |
|
Sam Mendes |
|
Spectre |
|
Diamonds Are Forever |
|
Max Denbigh |
|
Max Denbigh |
|
Lucia Sciarra |
|
Max Denbigh |
|
Max Denbigh |
|
Max Denbigh |
|
1971 |
|
26 October 2015 |
|
Royal Albert Hall in London |
|
6 November 2015 |
|
action sequences and cinematography |
|
Golden Globe |
|
Skyfall |
|
Writing's on the Wall |
|
Mexico City |
|
M |
|
C |
|
Nine Eyes |
|
Garreth Mallory |
|
Mexico City |
|
MI5 and MI6 |
|
ring |
|
Rome |
|
Spectre |
|
Franz Oberhauser |
|
assassin |
|
Moneypenny |
|
Rome |
|
Franz Oberhauser |
|
Mr. Hinx |
|
Franz Oberhauser |
|
thallium poisoning |
|
Dr. Madeline Swann |
|
commits suicide |
|
Hoffler Klinik |
|
Tangier |
|
thallium poisoning. |
|
Dr. Madeline Swann |
|
Tangier. |
|
Hinx. |
|
thrown off the train |
|
Hannes |
|
Ernst Stavro Blofeld |
|
Ernst Stavro Blofeld |
|
the old MI6 building |
|
Blofeld |
|
Westminster Bridge |
|
Nine Eyes |
|
Q |
|
Nine Eyes |
|
SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion |
|
Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory |
|
1963 |
|
Never Say Never Again |
|
Warhead 2000 A.D. |
|
1963 |
|
Never Say Never Again |
|
over the film rights to the novel Thunderball. |
|
MGM |
|
SPECTRE |
|
Eon Productions |
|
MGM |
|
MGM |
|
MGM |
|
Danjaq |
|
Sony Pictures Entertainment |
|
Sony Pictures Entertainment |
|
John Logan |
|
Eon Productions |
|
November 2014 |
|
John Logan |
|
Eon Productions |
|
Christoph Waltz |
|
1983 |
|
Quantum of Solace |
|
Quantum of Solace |
|
Octopussy |
|
Charmian Bond |
|
Octopussy |
|
Christoph Waltz. |
|
Quantum of Solace |
|
Spectre |
|
Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques |
|
Kingsley Amis |
|
The Hildebrand Rarity |
|
For Your Eyes Only |
|
Blofeld |
|
Hildebrand Rarities and Antiques |
|
December 2014 |
|
Ralph Fiennes |
|
Daniel Craig |
|
Daniel Craig |
|
Bill Tanner |
|
four |
|
Bill Tanner |
|
Daniel Craig |
|
Franz Oberhauser |
|
Ernst Stavro Blofeld |
|
Bérénice Lim Marlohe |
|
Quantum of Solace |
|
fifty |
|
Bérénice Lim Marlohe |
|
Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. |
|
over fifteen hundred |
|
Detlef Bothe |
|
Detlef Bothe |
|
over fifteen hundred |
|
Mexico |
|
Austria. |
|
Detlef Bothe |
|
Estrella |
|
Skyfall |
|
Dennis Gassner |
|
Roger Deakins |
|
Skyfall and Spectre |
|
Skyfall and Spectre |
|
Skyfall and Spectre |
|
Skyfall |
|
six |
|
London, Mexico City and Rome |
|
Kodak 35 mm |
|
Pinewood Studios |
|
seven months. |
|
Kodak 35 mm film stock |
|
Pinewood Studios |
|
December 2014 |
|
February 2015 |
|
Ice Q Restaurant |
|
sprained his knee |
|
Ice Q Restaurant |
|
a private medical clinic in the Austrian Alps. |
|
Austria |
|
Ponte Sisto bridge and the Roman Forum |
|
Williams |
|
Aston Martin DB10 |
|
four independent electric engines |
|
Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire |
|
Blenheim Palace |
|
Jaguar C-X75 |
|
Williams |
|
engineering division of Formula One racing |
|
Day of the Dead |
|
Day of the Dead |
|
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district |
|
1,500 |
|
aerial manoeuvres |
|
Day of the Dead |
|
a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter |
|
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district |
|
knee |
|
22 April |
|
knee |
|
Lambeth Bridges |
|
The London Fire Brigade |
|
17 May 2015 |
|
Vauxhall Cross |
|
Lambeth Bridges |
|
The London Fire Brigade |
|
at a restaurant in Covent Garden. |
|
at night |
|
Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud |
|
Largest film stunt explosion |
|
Chris Corbould |
|
128 days |
|
Morocco |
|
Largest film stunt explosion |
|
128 |
|
Chris Corbould |
|
$20 million |
|
Michael G. Wilson |
|
India |
|
Istanbul |
|
Thomas Newman |
|
Decca Records |
|
Decca Records |
|
Thomas Newman |
|
Decca Records |
|
Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming. |
|
July 2015 |
|
Writing's on the Wall |
|
under half an hour |
|
a demo |
|
Jimmy Napes |
|
25 September 2015 |
|
Skyfall |
|
Shirley Bassey |
|
Radiohead |
|
Adele |
|
Shirley Bassey |
|
Radiohead |
|
Aston Martin and Eon |
|
December 2014 |
|
Williams F1 |
|
promotional work |
|
December 2014 |
|
Williams F1 |
|
clapperboards |
|
Skyfall |
|
clapperboards |
|
Skyfall |
|
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers |
|
BBC One |
|
July |
|
March 2015 |
|
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers |
|
David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers |
|
Royal Albert Hall |
|
26 October 2015 |
|
Skyfall |
|
Paramount Pictures |
|
Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid competing with Spectre. |
|
$199.8 million |
|
$199.8 million |
|
$199.8 million |
|
£41.7 million ($63.8 million) |
|
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban |
|
Avatar |
|
$9.2 million |
|
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban |
|
Avatar |
|
The Dark Knight |
|
13 November |
|
$4.8 million |
|
$4.1 million |
|
$22.45 million |
|
$4.1 million |
|
four weeks |
|
$9.1 million |
|
$70.4 million |
|
$5.25 million |
|
Skyfall |
|
$9.1 million |
|
$5.25 million |
|
$15 million |
|
198% |
|
$12.1 million |
|
$84.7 million |
|
$15 million |
|
$84.7 million |
|
60 out of 100 |
|
60 |
|
64% |
|
CinemaScore |
|
64 |
|
60 out of 100 |
|
The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin |
|
IGN |
|
four out of five stars |
|
four |
|
Scott Mendelson |
|
Mick LaSalle |
|
2.5 |
|
2.5 |
|
Christopher Orr |
|
Bored |
|
The Washington Post |
|
Bored, James Bored |
|
kissing scenes |
|
Twitter. |
|
Christoph Waltz |
|
spring 2016 |
|
spring 2016. |
|
69,197 |
|
the Great Sichuan earthquake |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
Beijing and Shanghai |
|
80 kilometres (50 mi) |
|
aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, |
|
Wenchuan earthquake |
|
Wenchuan County, Sichuan |
|
80 kilometres (50 mi) |
|
80 kilometres (50 mi) |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
4.8 million |
|
15 million |
|
1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
69,197 |
|
4.8 million |
|
11 million |
|
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture |
|
2 minutes |
|
80% |
|
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw |
|
2 minutes |
|
80% |
|
Longmenshan fault |
|
Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate |
|
120 sec |
|
10 km |
|
Longmenshan fault |
|
Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture |
|
120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. |
|
9 meters |
|
April 30, 2008 |
|
1972 |
|
Geng Qingguo |
|
Geng Qingguo |
|
May 8 |
|
Premier Zhou Enlai |
|
the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake |
|
240 km |
|
Tom Parsons |
|
240 km |
|
240 km |
|
240 km long by 20 km deep |
|
greater than 3 meters |
|
high risk |
|
over 6,000 people |
|
two stages |
|
Yuji Yagi |
|
shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population |
|
30 times |
|
firmness of the terrain |
|
Between 64 and 104 |
|
within 72 hours of the main quake. |
|
August 5, 2008 |
|
Between 64 and 104 |
|
42,719 |
|
6.4 MS |
|
42,719 |
|
August 5, 2008 |
|
Ms 6.1 |
|
Ms 6.1 |
|
it was caused by a different fault. |
|
2008 Panzhihua earthquake |
|
Ms 6.1 |
|
Ms 6.1 |
|
2008 Panzhihua earthquake |
|
European Macroseismic Scale |
|
European Macroseismic Scale |
|
very destructive |
|
very disastrous |
|
Yingxiu, Wenchuan |
|
Longmen Shan Fault System |
|
4.8 metres |
|
2 metres (6 ft 7 in) |
|
2 metres (6 ft 7 in) |
|
2 metres (6 ft 7 in) |
|
Longmen Shan Fault System |
|
Longmen Shan Fault System |
|
4.8 metres |
|
4.8 metres |
|
4.8 metres |
|
Shanghai's financial district |
|
calm |
|
10 minutes |
|
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport |
|
May 12 |
|
evacuated |
|
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport |
|
disruption in air traffic services |
|
the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations |
|
cracks |
|
media offices |
|
Hui County, Gansu |
|
13 petrol tanks |
|
cracks |
|
media offices |
|
None |
|
Hui County, Gansu |
|
the rail was distorted |
|
highways |
|
80% |
|
Dujiangyan |
|
900 |
|
highways |
|
highways |
|
80% |
|
two chemical plants |
|
900 |
|
companies based in southwestern China |
|
Copper |
|
Copper |
|
Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange |
|
companies based in southwestern China |
|
Copper |
|
Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange |
|
internet capabilities |
|
internet capabilities |
|
Elements of telecommunications |
|
internet capabilities |
|
internet capabilities |
|
Elements of telecommunications |
|
a handful |
|
a handful |
|
more than 2,300 |
|
China Unicom's |
|
more than 2,300 |
|
power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion |
|
Half |
|
China Unicom |
|
China Unicom's |
|
Wolong National Nature Reserve |
|
280 |
|
31 |
|
80 |
|
Wolong National Nature Reserve |
|
Six |
|
a mother of five |
|
Mao Mao |
|
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant |
|
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant |
|
2,000 |
|
391 |
|
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant |
|
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant |
|
less severe |
|
Tulong reservoir |
|
391 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
68,636 |
|
they tried to repair roads |
|
2,300 |
|
2,300 |
|
about 9,000 |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
2,300 |
|
about 9,000 |
|
80% |
|
80% |
|
Eight |
|
Health care |
|
Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang |
|
public health care system in China is insufficient |
|
neglected |
|
Health care |
|
insufficient |
|
the government |
|
thousands |
|
1,700 |
|
1,700 |
|
7,000 |
|
700 |
|
shoddy construction |
|
1,700 |
|
1,700 |
|
7,000 |
|
600 |
|
December 2008 |
|
May 7, 2009 |
|
5,335 |
|
5,335 |
|
May 7, 2009 |
|
Ai Weiwei |
|
5,335 |
|
5,335 |
|
fertility clinics |
|
at least 5 million |
|
11 million |
|
12.5 million |
|
1 million |
|
at least 5 million |
|
11 million |
|
12.5 million animals |
|
a million pigs |
|
Reginald DesRoches |
|
China did not create an adequate seismic design code |
|
China did not create an adequate seismic design code |
|
Tangshan earthquake |
|
engineers |
|
to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings |
|
many constructions failed to withstand |
|
engineers |
|
to make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings |
|
many constructions failed to withstand |
|
poorer, rural villages |
|
Swaminathan Krishnan |
|
assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics |
|
they were not designed |
|
very strong building codes |
|
regulations |
|
$75 billion |
|
five |
|
US$75 billion |
|
one of the costliest natural disasters in Chinese history |
|
five |
|
63 |
|
6.0 Mw |
|
6.0 Mw |
|
63 |
|
63 |
|
Qingchuan, Sichuan |
|
more than 90,000 |
|
1.94 million |
|
1.94 million |
|
1,300 |
|
more than 90,000 |
|
more than 90,000 |
|
1.94 million |
|
1.94 million |
|
1.94 million |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao |
|
geomechanics |
|
to oversee the rescue work |
|
50,000 |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao, |
|
ten |
|
50,000 |
|
rough terrain and close proximity of the quake's epicenter |
|
Level II emergency contingency plan |
|
natural disasters |
|
May 12 |
|
Level II |
|
The National Disaster Relief Commission |
|
Level II |
|
The National Disaster Relief Commission |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
184 |
|
Armed Police General Hospital |
|
184 |
|
China Digital Times |
|
Book Blade |
|
China Digital Times |
|
Book Blade |
|
Children's Day |
|
relief centres |
|
ceremonies |
|
many parents went to the rubble of schools |
|
June 1 |
|
relief centres |
|
more than $48.6 million |
|
10 million yuan |
|
48.6 million |
|
10 million yuan |
|
May 16 |
|
May 16 |
|
May 16 |
|
€8,000,000 |
|
€8,000,000 |
|
83 million |
|
€8,000,000 |
|
May 16 |
|
counterpart support plan |
|
3 years |
|
counterpart support plan |
|
one province to one affected county |
|
3 years |
|
one percent |
|
violent rupture |
|
Zipingpu Dam |
|
25 times more |
|
warnings |
|
warnings |
|
seismological and geological data |
|
earthquake predictions |
|
2008 Sichuan earthquake |
|
time prediction method |
|
Strachimir Mavrodiev |
|
earthquake prediction was a global issue |
|
no proven methods exist |
|
earthquake prediction was a global issue |
|
no prediction notification |
|
Gary Gibson |
|
2002 |
|
Chen Xuezhong |
|
Chen Xuezhong |
|
2002 |
|
Chen Xuezhong |
|
over 30 years |
|
over 30 years |
|
Earthquake prediction |
|
statistics |
|
Earthquake prediction |
|
Taipei Fire Department |
|
five days without food and water |
|
traffic problem |
|
cash |
|
it had not been possible to reach roads that were completely damaged or places that were blocked off by landslides |
|
4000 m above sea level |
|
Persistent heavy rain and landslides |
|
20 helicopters |
|
15,600 |
|
3,000 |
|
15 |
|
Persistent heavy rain and landslides |
|
20 helicopters |
|
15,600 |
|
3,000 |
|
around 9,000 |
|
90 helicopters |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao |
|
over 150 |
|
over 150 |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao |
|
the civil aviation industry |
|
Premier Wen Jiabao |
|
Tzu Chi Foundation |
|
Tzu Chi Foundation |
|
May 13 |
|
Tzu Chi Foundation |
|
international |
|
quake |
|
100 tons |
|
17:00 CST, May 15 |
|
May 16 |
|
100 tons |
|
100 tons |
|
100 tons |
|
15:00 CST |
|
100 tons |
|
satellite images |
|
Chinese authorities |
|
135,000 |
|
May 16 |
|
satellite images |
|
tents and generators |
|
135,000 |
|
The Internet |
|
Xinhua |
|
to find the blind spots of disaster recovery |
|
Wenchuan |
|
The Internet |
|
Xinhua |
|
student |
|
Volunteers |
|
May 31 |
|
a moment of silence |
|
Beichuan county seat |
|
three days |
|
a moment of silence |
|
a state earthquake relic museum |
|
several concerts |
|
to remind people of the terrible disaster |
|
blood |
|
$159 million |
|
mainland China |
|
blood |
|
people from all over mainland China, |
|
$159 million |
|
$159 million |
|
557 |
|
557 |
|
557 |
|
Wenchuan County |
|
30,000 |
|
557 |
|
Amity Foundation |
|
30,000 |
|
those left homeless |
|
Amity Foundation |
|
over 7,000 |
|
tofu-dregs schoolhouses |
|
over 7,000 |
|
over 7,000 |
|
tofu-dregs schoolhouses |
|
no further outstanding fines |
|
The Giving of Love |
|
Bai Yansong |
|
1.5 billion Chinese Yuan |
|
$1.57 million |
|
Promise |
|
The Giving of Love |
|
US$208 million |
|
The Giving of Love |
|
1.57 |
|
Promise |
|
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards |
|
Chinese government |
|
the Chinese media has lived up to international standards |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
Tangshan earthquake |
|
quake lakes |
|
34 |
|
34 |
|
7.9 |
|
large landslides |
|
quake lakes |
|
34 |
|
Entire villages had to be evacuated |
|
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan |
|
by foot or air |
|
Mount Tangjia |
|
more than 200,000 |
|
the dam bursting |
|
Mount Tangjia |
|
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan |
|
1,200 |
|
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions |
|
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions |
|
Mao Zedong |
|
May 19, 2008 |
|
Cars and trucks |
|
the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions |
|
The Ningbo Organizing Committee |
|
The Ningbo Organizing Committee |
|
The Ningbo Organizing Committee |
|
The Ningbo Organizing Committee |
|
a minute of silence |
|
a minute of silence |
|
black and white |
|
advertisements |
|
various gaming sites |
|
crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including "Long Live China". |
|
Macau |
|
Ye Zhiping |
|
proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened |
|
2,323 |
|
400,000 yuan |
|
Ye Zhiping |
|
2,323 |
|
An County |
|
three-year |
|
ten |
|
safety checks |
|
ten |
|
professional crime |
|
safety checks |
|
ten |
|
money |
|
riot police |
|
government officials in Beijing and Sichuan |
|
To limit protests |
|
money |
|
threatened |
|
stop reporting on school collapses |
|
Liu Shaokun |
|
inciting subversion |
|
Sichuan school teacher |
|
inciting subversion |
|
travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online |
|
in a media interview |
|
one year of re-education through labor |
|
Hong Kong-based English newspaper |
|
January 2010 |
|
Hong Kong-based English newspaper |
|
UNICEF |
|
offering condolences and assistance |
|
May 14 |
|
UNICEF |
|
magnitude of the quake |
|
$214,000 and $71,000 |
|
$26 million |
|
10.7 billion yuan |
|
Chinese public |
|
Yao Ming |
|
26 million |
|
swift and very efficient |
|
openness |
|
Burma's secretive response |
|
Burma's secretive response |
|
Francis Marcus |
|
live earthquake footage |
|
live earthquake footage |
|
suspended |
|
Myanmar |
|
the school construction scandal |
|
response to the quake |
|
cutting corners |
|
yet to receive any reports |
|
censors |
|
state-controlled |
|
propaganda bureau |
|
state-controlled |
|
thin iron wires |
|
thin iron wires |
|
supervising agencies |
|
corrupt government officials |
|
corrupt government officials |
|
not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest |
|
the Times |
|
lost their only child |
|
New York |
|
New York |
|
New York |
|
New York |
|
New York City |
|
New York City |
|
five |
|
1898 |
|
8,491,079 |
|
8,491,079 |
|
23.6 |
|
five |
|
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island |
|
1898 |
|
8,491,079 |
|
800 |
|
1624 |
|
1624 |
|
1785 until 1790 |
|
1664 |
|
1785 until 1790 |
|
1624 |
|
1626 |
|
1664 |
|
1785 until 1790 |
|
56 million |
|
469 |
|
Financial District of Lower Manhattan |
|
120 |
|
New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ |
|
Long Island and Staten Island |
|
Wisconsinan glaciation |
|
1,000 feet |
|
Lenapehoking |
|
La Dauphine |
|
Giovanni da Verrazzano |
|
La Dauphine |
|
"Nouvelle Angoulême" |
|
Nouvelle Angoulême |
|
La Dauphine |
|
La Dauphine |
|
"Nouvelle Angoulême" |
|
1525 |
|
Estêvo Gomes |
|
Portuguese |
|
Charles V |
|
La Anunciada |
|
Rio de San Antonio |
|
Padrón Real |
|
Henry Hudson |
|
Dutch East India Company |
|
1614 |
|
ten |
|
North River |
|
Dutch East India Company |
|
1614 |
|
Henry Hudson |
|
trapping for pelts and trading with the local population |
|
Jan Rodrigues |
|
Dominican |
|
Juan Rodriguez Way |
|
trapping for pelts and trading with the local population |
|
Dominican |
|
159th Street to 218th Street |
|
Governors Island |
|
Manhattan Island |
|
1625 |
|
$24 |
|
$24 |
|
1624 |
|
1625 |
|
$24 worth of glass beads |
|
New York |
|
King James II |
|
Peter Stuyvesant |
|
the English |
|
1664 |
|
Peter Stuyvesant |
|
Prince of Orange, King William III |
|
August 24, 1673 |
|
New Orange |
|
1674 |
|
Anthonio Colve |
|
Anthonio Colve |
|
Prince of Orange, King William III |
|
Second Anglo-Dutch War |
|
200 |
|
Dutch control of Run |
|
200 |
|
Second Anglo-Dutch War |
|
42% |
|
Charleston, South Carolina |
|
Foley Square |
|
tens of thousands |
|
Charleston, South Carolina |
|
1990s |
|
John Peter Zenger |
|
John Peter Zenger |
|
1754 |
|
King George II |
|
King George II |
|
John Peter Zenger |
|
1754 |
|
October 1765 |
|
Battle of Long Island |
|
Brooklyn |
|
August 1776 |
|
10,000 |
|
1783 |
|
Battle of Long Island |
|
Brooklyn |
|
1783 |
|
September 11, 1776 |
|
the Conference House |
|
about a quarter |
|
West Side of Lower Manhattan |
|
Trinity Church |
|
the Conference House |
|
about a quarter |
|
1785 |
|
George Washington |
|
Supreme Court of the United States |
|
Federal Hall on Wall Street |
|
Philadelphia |
|
Congress of the Confederation |
|
Congress of the Confederation |
|
1789 |
|
1790 |
|
1799 |
|
Manhattan |
|
New York Manumission Society |
|
1827 |
|
more than 16,000 |
|
1799 |
|
1827 |
|
Commissioners' Plan |
|
Erie Canal |
|
Tammany Hall |
|
Irish and German |
|
Erie Canal |
|
Central Park |
|
1857 |
|
1857 |
|
The Great Irish Famine |
|
Over 200,000 |
|
Over 200,000 |
|
25% |
|
25% |
|
The Great Irish Famine |
|
Over 200,000 |
|
Mayor Fernando Wood |
|
Draft Riots |
|
Draft Riots |
|
120 |
|
below 10,000 |
|
more than 200 |
|
1898 |
|
1904 |
|
Bronx |
|
1904 |
|
1904 |
|
1,021 |
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory |
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory |
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory |
|
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire |
|
36,620 |
|
The Harlem Renaissance |
|
36,620 |
|
London |
|
10 million |
|
Fiorello La Guardia |
|
Fiorello La Guardia |
|
10 million |
|
1952 |
|
United Nations Headquarters |
|
United Nations Headquarters |
|
United Nations Headquarters |
|
the Stonewall Inn |
|
the Stonewall Inn |
|
June 28, 1969 |
|
Lower Manhattan |
|
the Stonewall Inn |
|
Lower Manhattan |
|
2000 |
|
2000 |
|
Silicon Alley |
|
1990s |
|
1970s |
|
1970s |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
July 19, 1909 |
|
541.3 |
|
July 19, 1909 |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
September 17, 2011 |
|
Occupy Wall Street |
|
Occupy Wall Street |
|
Occupy Wall Street |
|
September 17, 2011 |
|
William F. Buckley, Jr. |
|
1955 |
|
Donald Trump |
|
ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" |
|
southeastern |
|
southeastern |
|
Washington, D.C. and Boston |
|
a naturally sheltered harbor |
|
Hudson River |
|
a naturally sheltered harbor |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. |
|
New Jersey |
|
The Harlem River |
|
The Bronx River |
|
New York Bay |
|
Troy, New York |
|
New Jersey |
|
The Bronx River |
|
The Harlem River |
|
Battery Park City |
|
468.9 square miles |
|
304.8 sq mi (789 km2) |
|
304.8 sq mi (789 km2) |
|
Todt Hill |
|
Staten Island |
|
468.9 square miles |
|
304.8 sq mi (789 km2) |
|
304.8 sq mi (789 km2) |
|
Todt Hill |
|
Todt Hill |
|
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House |
|
Brooklyn |
|
One World Trade Center |
|
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House |
|
1656 |
|
One World Trade Center |
|
5,937 |
|
Hong Kong |
|
5,937 |
|
1913 |
|
50 |
|
Hong Kong |
|
5,937 |
|
1931 |
|
Art Deco |
|
eagles |
|
Seagram Building |
|
The Condé Nast Building |
|
eagles |
|
1931 |
|
1930 |
|
Bronx |
|
Brooklyn |
|
Queens |
|
1870 to 1930 |
|
Tudor Revival and Victorian |
|
elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements |
|
the Great Fire of 1835 |
|
six |
|
Jackson Heights |
|
Stone and brick |
|
wooden roof-mounted water towers |
|
July 2014 |
|
four |
|
hundreds |
|
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx |
|
humid subtropical climate |
|
234 |
|
234 |
|
humid continental climate |
|
January |
|
humid subtropical climate |
|
234 |
|
USDA 7b |
|
prevailing wind patterns |
|
0.3 |
|
72% |
|
exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer |
|
July 9, 1936 |
|
106 °F |
|
February 9, 1934 |
|
July 9, 1936 |
|
1,270 |
|
66 |
|
October 29, 2012 |
|
49.9 inches |
|
flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas |
|
25.8 inches |
|
New York City Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation |
|
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation |
|
National Park Service |
|
Minneapolis |
|
The Trust for Public Land |
|
Minneapolis |
|
10,521.83 |
|
Gateway National Recreation Area |
|
Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden |
|
Jacob Riis Park |
|
Gateway National Recreation Area |
|
Gateway National Recreation Area |
|
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum |
|
Grant's Tomb |
|
the Stonewall Inn |
|
modern gay rights movement |
|
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum |
|
New Jersey |
|
New Jersey |
|
the Stonewall Inn |
|
Grant's Tomb |
|
seven |
|
28 |
|
21 |
|
seven |
|
seven |
|
28,000 |
|
28,000 |
|
Pelham Bay Park |
|
1,093 |
|
28,000 |
|
28,000 |
|
Pelham Bay Park |
|
Pelham Bay Park |
|
Fort Hamilton |
|
1825 |
|
1825 |
|
North Atlantic Division |
|
1179th Transportation Brigade |
|
Fort Hamilton |
|
1825 |
|
1825 |
|
Queens |
|
8,491,079 |
|
Los Angeles |
|
316,000 |
|
40% |
|
40% |
|
8,491,079 |
|
Los Angeles |
|
40 |
|
27,858 |
|
27,673 |
|
Hudson County |
|
25.5% |
|
25.5% |
|
28.6% |
|
28.6% |
|
3 |
|
44 |
|
Civil War |
|
28.6% |
|
25.5 |
|
12 million |
|
Lower East Side |
|
Germans |
|
92% |
|
Irish |
|
12 million |
|
18 |
|
37% |
|
Dominican Republic |
|
Bangladeshi |
|
China |
|
37 |
|
Queens |
|
Chinese |
|
6.3% |
|
Queens |
|
0.3% |
|
2.7 million |
|
550,000 |
|
137,000 |
|
65,000 |
|
Bronx |
|
2.7 million |
|
New York City |
|
1.5 million |
|
20% |
|
4.8 million |
|
20% |
|
1.3 million |
|
Dominican Republic |
|
Egypt |
|
El Salvador |
|
Ecuador |
|
568,903 |
|
June 24, 2011 |
|
June 24, 2011 |
|
568,903 |
|
June 24, 2011 |
|
June 24, 2011 |
|
59% |
|
33% |
|
1.1 million |
|
Brooklyn |
|
between 600,000 and 1,000,000 |
|
1.1 million |
|
Judaism |
|
Brooklyn |
|
24 |
|
between 600,000 and 1,000,000 |
|
0.6 |
|
0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan |
|
Michael R. Bloomberg |
|
4.6% |
|
$2,749 |
|
2,749 |
|
0.6 |
|
Silicon Alley |
|
The Atlantic |
|
2014 |
|
2012 |
|
One out of ten |
|
FDi Magazine |
|
US$914.8 billion |
|
Time Warner Center |
|
$1,589 |
|
$15,887 |
|
six |
|
Time Warner Center |
|
660 Madison Avenue |
|
Madison Avenue |
|
180,000 |
|
180,000 |
|
Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group, |
|
180,000 |
|
Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group |
|
Food processing |
|
Food processing |
|
Brooklyn |
|
US$234 million |
|
"Chocolate District" |
|
Manhattan |
|
US$234 million |
|
US$234 million |
|
Godiva |
|
163,400 |
|
163,400 |
|
US$3.8 billion |
|
US$360,700 |
|
163,400 |
|
163,400 |
|
Wall Street |
|
165 Broadway |
|
$40 billion |
|
19% |
|
British Bankers Association |
|
Wall Street |
|
165 Broadway |
|
46.5 |
|
over 500 million square feet |
|
over 500 million square feet |
|
Manhattan |
|
US$3 billion |
|
US$3 billion |
|
300,000 |
|
300,000 |
|
Cornell Tech |
|
Cornell Tech |
|
Cornell Tech |
|
700,000 square feet |
|
65,000 |
|
Cornell Tech |
|
56.4 million |
|
56.4 million |
|
56.4 million |
|
US$61.3 billion |
|
56.4 million |
|
56.4 million |
|
I Love New York |
|
I Love New York |
|
Empire State Development |
|
I Love New York |
|
I Love New York |
|
I Love New York |
|
Greenwich Village |
|
ice skating |
|
Rockefeller Center |
|
Summerstage |
|
Queens |
|
90,000 |
|
90,000 |
|
Anbang Insurance Group |
|
US$1.95 billion |
|
Waldorf Astoria New York |
|
90,000 |
|
Anbang Insurance Group |
|
1.95 billion |
|
200 |
|
200 |
|
200 |
|
Los Angeles |
|
Two |
|
New York City |
|
Seven |
|
25,000 |
|
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times |
|
Two |
|
Joseph Medill Patterson |
|
Alexander Hamilton |
|
25,000 |
|
25,000 |
|
2 |
|
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times |
|
Joseph Medill Patterson |
|
CBS |
|
NYCTV |
|
MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central |
|
Fox News |
|
Manhattan Neighborhood Network |
|
1971 |
|
WNET |
|
WNYC |
|
1997 |
|
Manhattan Neighborhood Network |
|
1971 |
|
WNYC |
|
New York City Department of Education |
|
1,700 |
|
1,700 |
|
nine |
|
1,700 |
|
nine |
|
New York City Charter School Center |
|
900 |
|
City University of New York |
|
one out of four |
|
one out of four |
|
24 |
|
City University of New York |
|
New York Public Library |
|
Queens Borough Public Library |
|
Queens Borough Public Library |
|
Brooklyn Public Library |
|
Manhattan |
|
New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation |
|
11 |
|
$6.7 billion |
|
$6.7 billion |
|
$6.7 billion |
|
1969 |
|
11 |
|
Bellevue Hospital |
|
Ramanathan Raju |
|
Bellevue Hospital |
|
Bellevue Hospital |
|
Ramanathan Raju, MD |
|
former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois |
|
a surgeon |
|
35,000 |
|
New York's Finest |
|
35,000 |
|
35,000 |
|
New York's Finest |
|
328 |
|
75% |
|
Provo, Utah |
|
500 |
|
328 |
|
95.9% |
|
Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards |
|
the Five Families |
|
Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards |
|
Black Spades |
|
Tokyo Fire Department |
|
five |
|
New York's Bravest |
|
five |
|
Tokyo |
|
11,080 |
|
11,080 |
|
New York's Bravest |
|
subway |
|
brush fires |
|
9 MetroTech Center |
|
Randalls Island |
|
9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn |
|
9 MetroTech Center |
|
9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn |
|
Randalls Island |
|
11 Metrotech Center |
|
1940s |
|
1970s |
|
Harlem Renaissance |
|
hip hop |
|
hip hop |
|
hip hop |
|
dance |
|
New York Fashion Week |
|
New York School |
|
New York Fashion Week |
|
Global Language Monitor |
|
1880s |
|
more than 2,000 |
|
electric lighting |
|
song |
|
more than 2,000 |
|
electric lighting |
|
12.21 million |
|
The Great White Way |
|
US$1.27 billion |
|
US$1.27 billion |
|
12.21 million |
|
11.57 million |
|
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
|
falafel and kebabs |
|
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
|
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |
|
nearly one thousand |
|
1882 |
|
MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field |
|
Ebbets Field |
|
1882 |
|
National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer |
|
five |
|
over forty |
|
Baseball |
|
73 |
|
Baseball |
|
five |
|
73 |
|
73 |
|
five |
|
14 |
|
14 |
|
MetLife Stadium |
|
2014 |
|
MetLife Stadium |
|
MetLife Stadium |
|
East Rutherford, New Jersey |
|
MetLife Stadium |
|
2014 |
|
New York Islanders |
|
Newark |
|
Newark, New Jersey |
|
New York Islanders |
|
New York Islanders |
|
New York Knicks |
|
New York Liberty |
|
1938 |
|
New York Liberty |
|
National Invitation Tournament |
|
1938 |
|
New York Knicks |
|
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens |
|
Millrose Games |
|
Belmont Stakes |
|
1932 |
|
Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves |
|
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens |
|
United States Open Tennis Championships |
|
37,866 |
|
Millrose Games |
|
Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves |
|
Stickball |
|
the Bronx |
|
the Bronx |
|
New York City Subway |
|
469 |
|
Grand Central Station |
|
1.75 billion |
|
Grand Central Station |
|
38.4 minutes |
|
54.6 |
|
22 |
|
54.6% |
|
90% |
|
38.4 minutes |
|
52% |
|
22% |
|
Port Authority Bus Terminal |
|
200,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
Port Authority Bus Terminal |
|
John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport |
|
Newark Liberty International Airport |
|
John F. Kennedy International Airport |
|
Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York |
|
109 million |
|
Staten Island Ferry |
|
Staten Island Ferry |
|
8.4 |
|
Staten Island Ferry |
|
Staten Island Ferry |
|
George Washington Bridge |
|
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge |
|
Brooklyn Bridge |
|
1903 |
|
George Washington Bridge |
|
George Washington Bridge |
|
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge |
|
neo-Gothic |
|
1903 |
|
Lincoln Tunnel |
|
1927 |
|
1940 |
|
President Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|
120,000 |
|
120,000 |
|
tunnels |
|
Jersey City |
|
President Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|
200,000 |
|
200,000 |
|
21% |
|
Citibank |
|
Quinnipiac University |
|
2011 |
|
Catskill Mountains watershed |
|
Catskill Mountains |
|
US$3.2 billion |
|
US$3.2 billion |
|
US$3.2 billion |
|
US$3.2 billion |
|
unicameral |
|
three |
|
four-year |
|
unicameral |
|
three |
|
The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and the City Record |
|
four |
|
Democrats |
|
67 |
|
Barack Obama |
|
1924 |
|
Calvin Coolidge |
|
Democratic |
|
67% |
|
1924 |
|
Calvin Coolidge |
|
Republican |
|
127 |
|
Roosevelt Island |
|
127 |
|
one million |
|
one million |
|
one million |
|
one-fifth |
|
one-fifth |
|
lead pollution |
|
crack epidemic |
|
Tom Wolfe |
|
National Library of Australia |
|
Baruch College |
|
Iceland and Latvia |
|
Upper West Side of Manhattan |
|
Lincoln Square |
|
Union Square |
|
New York University |
|
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute |
|
82nd to 105th streets |
|
Upper East Side of Manhattan |
|
1959 |
|
2012 |
|
82nd to 105th streets |
|
Brooklynese |
|
Archie Bunker |
|
Carroll O'Connor |
|
New Yawk |
|
New York City FC |
|
Yankee Stadium |
|
Harrison, New Jersey |
|
Pelé |
|
Hofstra University |
|
two-thirds |
|
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station |
|
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station |
|
AirTrain |
|
Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station |
|
Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of Manhattan |
|
three |
|
three |
|
Copenhagen Metro |
|
Port Authority Trans-Hudson |
|
Second Avenue Subway |
|
aerial tramway |
|
Manhattan Island |
|
theater |
|
finance |
|
advertising |
|
national industries |
|
rush hour |
|
New York City |
|
New York City |
|
Long Island |
|
Manhattan and Staten Island |
|
Manhattan and Staten Island |
|
Structural Expressionism |
|
Queensboro Bridge |
|
3,715 |
|
3,715 |
|
80% |
|
Hearst Tower |
|
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
6 |
|
110,000 |
|
Greenpoint oil spill |
|
mayor-council |
|
1898 |
|
Appellate Division |
|
Appellate Division |
|
executive agencies |
|
Foley Square |
|
District Court for the Eastern District of New York |
|
Foley Square |
|
District Court for the Eastern District of New York |
|
Foley Square |
|
Manhattan |
|
10021 |
|
83 cents |
|
$11 billion |
|
83 cents |
|
New York City Global Partners |
|
2006 |
|
1960 |
|
Pulitzer Prize |
|
Harper Lee |
|
Harper Lee |
|
1960 |
|
her family and neighbors |
|
tolerance |
|
racial injustice |
|
racial injustice and the destruction of innocence |
|
class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South |
|
its use of racial epithets |
|
Mary McDonough Murphy |
|
2006 |
|
1962 |
|
1990 |
|
Robert Mulligan |
|
British librarians |
|
Horton Foote |
|
Robert Mulligan |
|
Monroeville, Alabama |
|
February 2016 |
|
Go Set a Watchman |
|
Go Set a Watchman |
|
July 14, 2015 |
|
February 2016 |
|
Truman Capote |
|
1950 |
|
reservation clerk |
|
Monroeville, Alabama |
|
1926 |
|
Truman Capote |
|
Huntingdon College |
|
Huntingdon College |
|
J. B. Lippincott |
|
Go Set a Watchman |
|
Therese von Hohoff Torrey |
|
Therese von Hohoff Torrey |
|
mental illness |
|
lawyer |
|
Her father |
|
July 11, 1960 |
|
two and a half years |
|
Reader's Digest Condensed Books |
|
Maycomb, Alabama |
|
three years |
|
two summers |
|
Dill |
|
Maycomb, Alabama |
|
three years |
|
Jean Louise Finch (Scout) |
|
Mayella Ewell |
|
Tom Robinson |
|
shame the mob |
|
Jem and Scout |
|
the colored balcony |
|
the colored balcony |
|
shot and killed |
|
Jem and Scout |
|
the school Halloween pageant |
|
Boo Radley |
|
Atticus |
|
Boo Radley |
|
Bob Ewell |
|
simply fell on his own knife |
|
autobiography |
|
1919 |
|
25 |
|
Monroeville |
|
Scout |
|
1960 |
|
In Cold Blood |
|
Truman Capote |
|
Underwood |
|
apart people |
|
Walter Lett |
|
Walter Lett |
|
Emmett Till |
|
the Civil Rights Movement |
|
to display Southern prejudices |
|
Emmett Till |
|
Satire and irony |
|
parody, satire, and irony |
|
Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace |
|
Calpurnia |
|
ham |
|
ham costume |
|
coming-of-age or Bildungsroman novel |
|
Southern Gothic |
|
Atticus |
|
Miss Maudie |
|
race and class |
|
Claudia Durst Johnson |
|
race relations |
|
Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females |
|
seventeen times |
|
Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females |
|
poor white farmers |
|
seventeen |
|
a rabid dog |
|
Carolyn Jones |
|
Calpurnia |
|
Aunt Alexandra |
|
Walter Cunningham |
|
Jane Austen |
|
individual worth |
|
poor white trash' |
|
gender and class |
|
motives and behavior |
|
morphine |
|
Atticus |
|
courage |
|
Charles Shields |
|
Charles Shields |
|
Harper Lee |
|
Mayella Ewell |
|
Calpurnia and Miss Maudie |
|
Calpurnia and Miss Maudie |
|
Mrs. Dubose |
|
feminist |
|
Bob Ewell |
|
Atticus |
|
Boo Radley |
|
Lawyers |
|
frilly clothes |
|
Songbirds |
|
Finch |
|
mockingbird |
|
mockingbird |
|
mockingbird |
|
innocent and harmless |
|
Book of the Month Club |
|
Book of the Month Club |
|
ten |
|
more than 30 million |
|
more than 30 million |
|
more than 30 million |
|
more than 30 million |
|
Scout, Atticus, and Boo |
|
Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee |
|
Scout, Atticus, and Boo |
|
reason he became a lawyer |
|
To Kill a Mockingbird |
|
1997 |
|
Alabama State Bar |
|
Lee |
|
1963 |
|
21 |
|
1963 |
|
21 |
|
1966 |
|
rape |
|
Mayella Ewell's |
|
Little Black Sambo |
|
racial |
|
Uncle Tom's Cabin |
|
Uncle Tom's Cabin |
|
Archulus Persons |
|
Truman Capote |
|
Alice |
|
Truman Capote |
|
Lippincott |
|
1961 |
|
41 |
|
1962 |
|
1964 |
|
Pulitzer Prize |
|
1964 |
|
2001 |
|
25 |
|
Richard M. Daley |
|
Richard M. Daley |
|
25 |
|
University of Notre Dame |
|
George W. Bush |
|
To Kill a Mockingbird |
|
University of Notre Dame |
|
George W. Bush |
|
Gregory Peck |
|
Gregory Peck |
|
Gregory Peck |
|
her father's pocketwatch |
|
Peck's grandson |
|
her father's pocketwatch |
|
Peck's grandson |
|
May 2005 |
|
national treasure |
|
Christopher Sergel |
|
1990 |
|
Monroeville |
|
May |
|
racially segregated |
|
West Yorkshire Playhouse |
|
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre |
|
West Yorkshire Playhouse |
|
July 14, 2015 |
|
1957 |
|
20 |
|
Tonja Carter |
|
Go Set a Watchman |
|
1957 |
|
20 |
|
rape and racial inequality |
|
Atticus Finch |
|
narration |
|
flashback |
|
Southerners |
|
the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood |
|
Southern romantic regionalism |
|
fine folks |
|
The South itself |
|
Tom Robinson |
|
Boo Radley |
|
he was real nice |
|
classical tragedy |
|
The Chicago Sunday Tribune |
|
Granville Hicks |
|
Flannery O'Connor |
|
William Faulkner |
|
Jane Austen |
|
Allen Barra |
|
Akin Ajayi |
|
Calpurnia |
|
black students |
|
classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural "white trash" |
|
every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality |
|
an act of protest |
|
Scripture |
|
Mockingbird groupies |
|
radiant light and heat from the Sun |
|
radiant light and heat from the Sun |
|
artificial photosynthesis |
|
radiant light and heat from the Sun |
|
174,000 terawatts |
|
30% |
|
150 to 300 watts per square meter |
|
174,000 terawatts |
|
30% |
|
3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day |
|
clouds, oceans and land masses |
|
71 |
|
Sunlight |
|
photosynthesis |
|
71% |
|
rises |
|
clouds |
|
amplifies convection |
|
photosynthesis |
|
3,850,000 |
|
more energy in one hour than the world used in one year |
|
Photosynthesis |
|
more energy in one hour than the world used in one year |
|
3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year |
|
Photosynthesis |
|
coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined |
|
in a direct or indirect way. |
|
passive or active |
|
passive or active |
|
geothermal and tidal |
|
direct or indirect |
|
Active solar |
|
Passive solar |
|
solar thermal collectors |
|
circulate air |
|
Active solar technologies |
|
Active solar technologies |
|
Frank Shuman |
|
Sun Power Company |
|
1912 |
|
black pipes |
|
1897 |
|
steam engine |
|
Sun Power Company |
|
1912 |
|
Maadi, Egypt |
|
parabolic troughs |
|
cheap oil |
|
Maadi, Egypt |
|
parabolic troughs |
|
parabolic troughs |
|
cheap oil |
|
cheap oil |
|
60 to 70 |
|
sunlight |
|
60 to 70% |
|
evacuated tube collectors |
|
evacuated tube collectors |
|
154 thermal gigawatt |
|
Israel and Cyprus |
|
154 thermal gigawatt |
|
China |
|
Israel and Cyprus |
|
heating swimming pools |
|
50 |
|
30% (4.65 EJ/yr) |
|
30% (4.65 EJ/yr) |
|
Solar |
|
Thermal mass |
|
heat |
|
stone, cement and water |
|
radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night |
|
keep buildings cool |
|
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment |
|
solar chimney |
|
solar chimney |
|
a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building |
|
greenhouses |
|
their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter |
|
Deciduous trees |
|
1/3 to 1/2 |
|
interfere with winter solar availability |
|
east and west sides |
|
1767 |
|
direct light |
|
cooking, drying and pasteurization |
|
box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers |
|
Horace de Saussure |
|
90–150 °C (194–302 °F) |
|
direct light |
|
the Solar Total Energy Project |
|
short payback period |
|
parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors |
|
the Solar Total Energy Project |
|
to obtain salt from sea water |
|
evaporation |
|
preheating ventilation air |
|
1872 |
|
Solar distillation |
|
16th-century Arab alchemists |
|
1872 |
|
22,700 L |
|
single-slope |
|
World Health Organization |
|
fully overcast conditions |
|
safe storage |
|
Over two million |
|
algae |
|
to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity |
|
algae |
|
2050 |
|
2050 |
|
354 MW |
|
less than 1% |
|
354 MW |
|
Mojave Desert of California |
|
India |
|
Charles Fritts |
|
1954 |
|
mainstream electricity source |
|
A solar cell |
|
Charles Fritts |
|
Dr Bruno Lange |
|
Russell Ohl |
|
fluid |
|
lenses or mirrors |
|
a heat source for a conventional power plant |
|
Stirling dish |
|
heated by the concentrated sunlight |
|
Megaron House |
|
orientation relative to the Sun |
|
stay in a comfortable temperature range |
|
Megaron House |
|
pumps, fans and switchable windows |
|
Urban heat islands |
|
Los Angeles |
|
Urban heat islands |
|
asphalt and concrete |
|
paint buildings and roads white and plant trees |
|
fruit walls |
|
grape presses |
|
plants |
|
timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties |
|
fruit walls |
|
keeping plants warm |
|
cucumbers |
|
exotic plants |
|
convert solar light to heat |
|
Greenhouses |
|
Tiberius |
|
exotic plants |
|
3,021 kilometres (1,877 mi) |
|
90.87 kilometres per hour |
|
biannual solar-powered car race |
|
1987 |
|
90.87 kilometres per hour |
|
90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph) |
|
North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge |
|
1975 |
|
1975 |
|
Kenichi Horie |
|
Kenichi Horie |
|
Solar Riser |
|
Solar Impulse |
|
1974 |
|
29 April 1979 |
|
July 1981 |
|
Eric Scott Raymond |
|
36 hours |
|
hydrogen production from protons |
|
Solar chemical processes |
|
artificial photosynthesis |
|
Solzinc |
|
pure zinc |
|
Hydrogen production technologies |
|
concentrators |
|
Solzinc |
|
Thermal mass systems |
|
Thermal mass systems |
|
water, earth and stone |
|
overall heating and cooling requirements |
|
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt |
|
"Dover House" |
|
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt |
|
64 °C or 147 °F |
|
Dover House |
|
they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems |
|
1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) |
|
rechargeable batteries |
|
rechargeable batteries |
|
Net metering |
|
whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes |
|
both directions |
|
hydroelectric power generator |
|
when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one |
|
hydroelectric power generator |
|
1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis |
|
1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis |
|
Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan |
|
SERI, now NREL |
|
NEDO |
|
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE |
|
1920s |
|
20% |
|
1890s |
|
falling petroleum prices |
|
20% |
|
154 GW |
|
urgent |
|
urgent |
|
ISO 9050 |
|
solar water heaters |
|
ISO 9050 |
|
ISO 9050 |
|
passive solar or active solar |
|
concentrated solar power |
|
orienting a building to the Sun |
|
559.8 EJ |
|
1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ) |
|
solar |
|
1,575–49,837 exajoules |
|
indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource |
|
global warming |
|
learning investments |
|
keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise |
|
cloud cover, and the land available to humans |
|
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation |
|
follow the position of the sun |
|
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb |
|
reduce the light available for solar cells |
|
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned and suitable for solar panels |
|
they can collect energy directly from their homes this way |
|
insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans |
|
1,575–49,837 EJ per year |
|
conversion of sunlight into electricity |
|
photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) |
|
lenses or mirrors |
|
to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam |
|
photoelectric effect |
|
Sunlight |
|
Greeks and Chinese |
|
Advanced solar architecture and urban planning |
|
ordinary air |
|
upward buoyancy force |
|
toy |
|
relatively high |
|
scarce |
|
increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum |
|
2060 |
|
greenhouse gas emitters |
|
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire |
|
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism |
|
Sarazm |
|
1991 |
|
1992 to 1997 |
|
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism |
|
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire |
|
1991 |
|
1992 to 1997 |
|
around 260,000 |
|
around 260,000 |
|
Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%) |
|
Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign |
|
clan loyalties |
|
30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition |
|
Emomali Rahmon |
|
More than 500,000 |
|
Russian border troops |
|
Dushanbe Airport |
|
located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe |
|
conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration. |
|
the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison |
|
Russia |
|
November 2010 |
|
escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August |
|
republic |
|
Kokhir Rasulzoda |
|
Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova |
|
November 1994 |
|
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament |
|
independent press outlets remain restricted |
|
severely suppressed |
|
severely suppressed |
|
avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru |
|
Tajikistan |
|
Pamir range |
|
on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley |
|
67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°) |
|
Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys |
|
a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe |
|
the "Land of the Tajiks" |
|
The suffix "-stan" (Persian: -stn) |
|
Turkic or Iranian |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Samarkand and Bukhara |
|
Khorasan |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Samarkand and Bukhara |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
Samarkand and Bukhara |
|
Khorasan |
|
Khorasan |
|
Tibetan empire and Chinese |
|
710 |
|
Kara-Khanid Khanate |
|
Samanid Empire |
|
the late 19th century's Imperial Era |
|
Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand |
|
cotton |
|
Russian Turkestan |
|
the Emirate of Bukhara |
|
an Islamic social movement throughout the region |
|
pro-modernization |
|
between 1910 and 1913 |
|
threat of forced conscription during World War I |
|
basmachi |
|
to maintain independence |
|
mosques and villages |
|
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity |
|
Samarkand and Bukhara |
|
the southern region |
|
Between 1927 and 1934, collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place |
|
forced resettlement |
|
Two rounds of Soviet purges directed by Moscow (1927–1934 and 1937–1938) |
|
nearly 10,000 people |
|
Ethnic Russians |
|
13% |
|
first secretary |
|
four seats in Parliament |
|
corruptions the election process and unemployment |
|
"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." |
|
The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people |
|
Republic of Tajikistan |
|
Republic of Tajikistan |
|
143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
|
Wakhan Corridor |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
|
Republic of Tajikistan |
|
Republic of Tajikistan |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
|
about 500 BCE |
|
Achaemenid Empire |
|
Alexander the Great |
|
Yuezhi tribes |
|
eighth century |
|
Arabs |
|
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism |
|
9.6% |
|
aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers |
|
60% |
|
Tajik Aluminum Company |
|
Vakhsh |
|
hydropower potential |
|
Nurek Dam |
|
Afghanistan |
|
US$1.25 per day |
|
$2.1 billion US dollars |
|
cheap labor |
|
Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances |
|
opium poppy |
|
US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities |
|
heroin and raw opium |
|
Tajikistani Drug Control Agency |
|
roads, air, and rail. |
|
Iran and Pakistan |
|
1,300 km |
|
2012 |
|
26 airports |
|
Dushanbe International |
|
regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia |
|
Khorog Airport |
|
70% |
|
70% |
|
70% |
|
7,349,145 |
|
Tajikistanis |
|
Pamiri |
|
Pamiri |
|
Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains |
|
Sunni Islam |
|
freedom of religion |
|
Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon |
|
98% |
|
that minority religious groups undermine national unity |
|
becoming active in the political sphere |
|
Hizb ut-Tahrir |
|
unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state |
|
by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities |
|
prayer site location |
|
a physical structure |
|
large fines and closure of place of worship |
|
medical supplies |
|
104,272 |
|
1% |
|
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper |
|
11 years |
|
11 years |
|
76 |
|
17% |
|
Anthropology |
|
social anthropology |
|
linguistic anthropology |
|
social anthropology |
|
United States |
|
1870 |
|
1869 |
|
1902 |
|
1865 |
|
Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation |
|
anthropological societies and associations |
|
anthropological societies and associations |
|
major theorists |
|
48 |
|
48 |
|
late 19th and early 20th centuries |
|
gender equality and sexual liberation |
|
cross-cultural comparisons |
|
19th-century racial ideology |
|
cultural critiques |
|
natural sciences |
|
natural sciences |
|
natural sciences |
|
Classical Greece and Persia |
|
cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies |
|
structuralist and postmodern theories |
|
1970s and 1990s |
|
positivist |
|
archaeology and biological anthropology |
|
four |
|
Sociocultural anthropology |
|
Sociocultural anthropology |
|
helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations |
|
overlap |
|
Cultural anthropology |
|
cultural relativism |
|
methodology |
|
Participant observation |
|
emic |
|
moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison |
|
linguistic |
|
patterns of consumption and exchange |
|
kinship |
|
linguistic |
|
law and conflict resolution |
|
Archaeology |
|
patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices |
|
past human groups |
|
similar ways |
|
cultural and material lives of past societies |
|
Linguistic anthropology |
|
sociocultural processes |
|
Linguistic anthropology |
|
narrative analysis |
|
universality |
|
do not exist |
|
'aesthetic' qualities |
|
1983 |
|
anthropology of culturally specific 'aesthetics' |
|
Étienne Serres |
|
Étienne Serres |
|
Étienne Serres |
|
France |
|
Société Ethnologique de Paris |
|
Anthropology |
|
processes or laws unknown to them |
|
processes or laws unknown to them then |
|
On the Origin of Species |
|
through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild. |
|
Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s. |
|
social sciences |
|
Paul Broca |
|
Paul Broca |
|
Transformisme |
|
neurosurgeon |
|
speech |
|
Broca's area |
|
psychology |
|
six |
|
the science of the nature of man |
|
animist |
|
comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology |
|
empirical |
|
ethnology |
|
British ethnologists |
|
Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt |
|
Richard Francis Burton and the speech therapist James Hunt |
|
Representatives from the French Société |
|
Waitz |
|
higher educational institutions |
|
dozens |
|
forensic archaeologist |
|
forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene |
|
World Council of Anthropological Associations |
|
ethnographic studies |
|
ethnographic studies |
|
1990s |
|
contexts of media reception |
|
cyber |
|
Visual anthropology |
|
visual representation |
|
sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs |
|
ethnographic film |
|
Economic |
|
Economic |
|
economics |
|
Bronislaw Malinowski |
|
gift-giving exchange |
|
Historical Materialism |
|
colonialism |
|
Hunter-gatherers |
|
revolutionary wars |
|
Industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism |
|
Applied Anthropology |
|
change or stability in specific cultural systems |
|
change or stability in specific cultural systems |
|
activism |
|
activism |
|
Anthropology of development |
|
implications for the approach |
|
alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing |
|
gap |
|
why does so much planned development fail |
|
patterns of social relationships |
|
related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and "fictive kinship". |
|
Over its history |
|
one's social relations during development |
|
marriage |
|
male |
|
male |
|
Feminist anthropologists |
|
gender |
|
birth anthropology |
|
Nutritional anthropology |
|
food security |
|
globalization |
|
overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development |
|
Nutritional anthropology |
|
Psychological anthropology |
|
particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories—shape processes of human cognition, emotion, perception, motivation, and mental health. |
|
its own history, language, practices, and conceptual categories |
|
a particular cultural group |
|
models of cultural and social processes. |
|
Cognitive anthropology |
|
Cognitive anthropology |
|
evolutionary biology |
|
implicit knowledge |
|
Political anthropology |
|
structure of societies |
|
1960s |
|
"complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena. |
|
Geertz |
|
a sub-focus group |
|
1993 |
|
STS and the Society for the Social Studies of Science |
|
Donna Haraway |
|
humankind and its relations with the technological systems it has built, specifically modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings. |
|
Environmental anthropology |
|
political ecology |
|
culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. |
|
focus and data interpretation |
|
Hyde Park |
|
historical records |
|
ethnic groups |
|
both historical and ethnographic data as its foundation |
|
documents and manuscripts |
|
Practitioners |
|
Urban anthropology |
|
1960s |
|
1960s |
|
types of cities |
|
types of cities |
|
human–animal studies |
|
Anthrozoology |
|
disciplines |
|
quantifying the positive effects of human-animal relationships on either party |
|
anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy |
|
Evolutionary anthropology |
|
social science |
|
biological and cultural evolution of humans, past and present |
|
scientific |
|
many lines of evidence |
|
mutilation |
|
mutilation |
|
nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation |
|
nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation |
|
To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach |
|
anthropologist |
|
Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan |
|
armed forces |
|
intelligence |
|
Cold War |
|
the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state |
|
codes of ethics or statements |
|
Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) |
|
AAA |
|
no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given |
|
US military |
|
Afghanistan |
|
Counterinsurgency |
|
Iraq |
|
incompatibility of HTS with disciplinary ethics and practice for job seekers |
|
human universals |
|
human universals |
|
into the field |
|
traveling to a community in its own setting |
|
genetic |
|
relevant time periods and geographic regions |
|
material |
|
relevant cultural traditions |
|
relevant cultural traditions |
|
comparative method |
|
the study of "other cultures |
|
anthropology |
|
non-European/non-Western societies |
|
Ulf Hannerz |
|
late 1960s |
|
North Atlantic region |
|
limiting research to a single locale |
|
daily life of ordinary people |
|
scientific laboratories |
|
the 1980s |
|
attempted assassination |
|
Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro |
|
Jesuits |
|
1759 |
|
prosecuted every person involved, even women and children |
|
1770 |
|
1779 |
|
enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty |
|
opposition |
|
enhancing autocracy at the expense of individual liberty |
|
Napoleon |
|
1822 |
|
Brazil |
|
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves |
|
20th century |
|
1815 |
|
1820 |
|
Porto |
|
1815 |
|
Portuguese royal family |
|
turn of the 20th century |
|
1884 |
|
Scramble for Africa |
|
Scramble for Africa |
|
Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, Joo Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélio |
|
1 February 1908 |
|
twice |
|
Manuel II |
|
5 October 1910 |
|
Political instability and economic weaknesses |
|
António de Oliveira Salazar |
|
1933 |
|
five |
|
Angola |
|
United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, OECD, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries |
|
unitary semi-presidential republican |
|
unitary semi-presidential republican |
|
France, Spain and Italy |
|
decriminalized the usage of all common drugs |
|
the invading Moors |
|
the invading Moors |
|
Battle of Covadonga |
|
722 AD |
|
Reconquista Crist |
|
dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring |
|
First Count of Portus Cale |
|
868 AD |
|
First Count of Portus Cale |
|
Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália |
|
Leonese culture |
|
Kingdom of Portugal |
|
Galician |
|
Spanish |
|
Castilian (Spanish Language) |
|
Leopold Josef, Count von Daun |
|
Sebastio José de Carvalho e Melo |
|
The Queen consort of Portugal |
|
The Queen consort of Portugal |
|
King John V of Portugal |
|
earthquakes |
|
marching troops around the models |
|
less than one year |
|
Pombaline City Centre |
|
every parish in the country |
|
the Portuguese Republic |
|
Southwestern Europe |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
1,214 km |
|
Azores and Madeira |
|
the Portuguese Republic |
|
Southwestern Europe |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
1,214 km |
|
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic |
|
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples |
|
1139 |
|
Age of Discovery |
|
15th and 16th centuries |
|
Lisbon |
|
1822 |
|
"Estado Novo" |
|
Macau |
|
250 million |
|
Portus Cale |
|
Pre-Celts and Celts |
|
Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes |
|
298 AD |
|
Alankerk |
|
27 BC |
|
Gallaecia |
|
Conmbriga and Mirobriga |
|
hill forts |
|
Coimbra |
|
only a few months |
|
711 |
|
750 |
|
Abd-ar-Rahman I |
|
almost two centuries |
|
The governors of the taifas |
|
Christian kingdoms of the north |
|
Taifa of Badajoz |
|
1086 |
|
Battle of Sagrajas |
|
Muwallad or Muladi |
|
noblemen from Oman |
|
Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa |
|
Algarve region, and south of the Tagus |
|
800 |
|
León |
|
Galicia |
|
Oviedo as his capital |
|
910 |
|
1230 |
|
1348 |
|
England |
|
England |
|
NATO |
|
Oporto region |
|
Age of Discovery |
|
Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King Joo I |
|
Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde |
|
Cape of Good Hope |
|
Brazil |
|
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased |
|
Prime Minister |
|
British economic success |
|
Sebastio de Melo |
|
Sebastio de Melo |
|
economic and financial |
|
quality |
|
high nobility |
|
Sebastio de Melo |
|
high nobility to the poorest working class |
|
April 1974 |
|
Lisbon |
|
right-wing political forces |
|
Junta de Salvaço Nacional |
|
Portuguese Socialist Party |
|
Mário Soares |
|
1983 to 1985 |
|
neoliberal model |
|
1976 |
|
to accommodate socialist and communist principles |
|
Mediterranean |
|
Mediterranean |
|
Mediterranean |
|
900 metres (3,000 ft) |
|
subtropical |
|
rough topography |
|
Mediterranean |
|
Tertiary |
|
Tertiary period |
|
Pyrenean oak and other local native trees |
|
Boars |
|
12 |
|
Laurisilva |
|
fox, badger, iberian lynx, iberian wolf, wild goat |
|
migratory birds |
|
more than 100 |
|
in the Tagus International Natural Park |
|
habitat loss, pollution and drought |
|
glowing plankton |
|
five |
|
Anbal Cavaco Silva |
|
230 |
|
230 |
|
thirteen |
|
Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party |
|
national-, regional- and local-levels |
|
Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party |
|
between 5 and 15% |
|
President of the Republic |
|
five |
|
universal suffrage |
|
President of the Republic |
|
The Council of Ministers |
|
a mandatory period of debate |
|
The Assembly to reject the government programme |
|
Portuguese law |
|
urban areas |
|
Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR |
|
Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR |
|
2001 |
|
10 days worth of personal use |
|
a rehab facility |
|
50 percent |
|
308 |
|
308 |
|
18 |
|
three |
|
Navy, Army and Air Force |
|
protect the territorial integrity of the country |
|
39,200 |
|
2.1 percent of GDP |
|
21,000 |
|
Pandur II APC |
|
Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC |
|
paratroopers, commandos and rangers |
|
10,700 |
|
World War I |
|
1961–1974 |
|
East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon |
|
Angola |
|
Pedro Passos Coelho |
|
improve the State's financial situation |
|
spending cuts |
|
20% |
|
unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy |
|
external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms |
|
unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy |
|
financial crisis of 2007–08 |
|
Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP) |
|
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud |
|
Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, |
|
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud |
|
euro (€) |
|
Portuguese Escudo |
|
Banco de Portugal |
|
Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas |
|
Setbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria |
|
the Carnation Revolution of 1974 |
|
PREC period |
|
high-tech sector |
|
business services |
|
business services |
|
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund |
|
2011 |
|
€78 billion |
|
May 2014 |
|
15.3 percent |
|
small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units |
|
Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezrias and Valouro |
|
mushrooms |
|
poultry and beef |
|
Ramirez |
|
Vasco da Gama |
|
fish |
|
copper |
|
tin, tungsten and uranium |
|
hydrocarbon exploration |
|
the north |
|
economic globalization |
|
Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen |
|
Embraer and OGMA |
|
Palmela |
|
Alverca, Covilh, Évora, and Ponte de Sor |
|
Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro |
|
Eastern European |
|
Eastern European |
|
niche attractions |
|
health, nature and rural tourism |
|
The Economist |
|
65% |
|
10.2% |
|
negative |
|
July 2011 |
|
IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility |
|
late 1970s |
|
Carnation's Revolution |
|
financial weakness |
|
70.8 |
|
62.4 |
|
slow and inefficient |
|
Italy |
|
over 30 |
|
Passos Coelho |
|
35 to 40 hours |
|
€4.8 billion |
|
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund |
|
65 to 66 |
|
pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses |
|
Passos Coelho |
|
led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions |
|
third quarter of 2014 |
|
11.9% |
|
7.3% |
|
December 2009 |
|
Coimbra |
|
between 4-5 million |
|
between 4-5 million |
|
Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo |
|
Lisbon |
|
automobiles |
|
motorways |
|
68,732 km (42,708 mi) |
|
1944 |
|
89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) |
|
89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) |
|
Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja |
|
Lisbon's geographical position |
|
TAP Portugal |
|
Spain |
|
Comboios de Portugal |
|
2,791 km (1,734 mi) |
|
2,791 km (1,734 mi) |
|
2,791 km (1,734 mi) |
|
Porto Metropolitan Area |
|
35 km |
|
Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris) |
|
over a century |
|
INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovaço |
|
INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovaço |
|
Fundaço para a Ciência e Tecnologia |
|
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation |
|
neuroscience and oncology research centre |
|
one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world |
|
1779 |
|
Lisbon Oceanarium |
|
a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population |
|
Visionarium |
|
several science parks |
|
Funchal) |
|
financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support |
|
wind and river power |
|
the south |
|
Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, |
|
66% |
|
Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN) |
|
renewable-energy plants |
|
hydropower plants |
|
wind-driven turbines |
|
premium |
|
10,562,178 |
|
10,562,178 |
|
10,562,178 |
|
Catholicism |
|
Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristos Novos (New Christians or former Jews) |
|
Paleolithic |
|
45,000 years ago |
|
Paleolithic |
|
colonial history |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
Angola and Mozambique |
|
Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) |
|
10,617,575 |
|
81.0% |
|
Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist |
|
8.3% |
|
8.3% |
|
Christian |
|
13th and 14th |
|
First Portuguese Republic |
|
1910–26 |
|
25 July 1139 |
|
Afonso |
|
create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands |
|
Portuguese |
|
Romance language |
|
Northern Portugal |
|
Galician-Portuguese |
|
Pre-Roman peoples |
|
Pre-Roman peoples |
|
between 1415 and 1999 |
|
Brazil |
|
Brazil |
|
99 percent |
|
close to 100 percent |
|
Over 35% |
|
Over 35% |
|
1290 |
|
Lisbon |
|
Coimbra |
|
the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificaço e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro |
|
the Escola Médio-Cirrgica of Goa |
|
2006 |
|
public money |
|
over 23 years old |
|
developing health policy as well as managing the SNS |
|
Five |
|
supervising health care delivery |
|
noncommunicable diseases |
|
cerebrovascular disease |
|
cerebrovascular disease |
|
not declining as rapidly as in the Eur-A. |
|
children as well as among women younger than 44 years |
|
self-reporting at the household level |
|
one third |
|
Calouste Gulbenki Foundation |
|
Calouste Gulbenki Foundation |
|
Lisbon |
|
Casa da Msica |
|
fifteen |
|
Portuguese late Gothic |
|
first decades of the 16th century |
|
A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture |
|
Gonçalo Byrne |
|
stadium design |
|
late 19th century |
|
Fernando Lopes |
|
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado |
|
late 19th century |
|
Fernando Lopes |
|
Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado |
|
Lus de Cames |
|
"Os Lusadas" (The Lusiads) |
|
Lus de Cames |
|
neoclassic and contemporary styles |
|
Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga |
|
bacalhau |
|
caldeirada |
|
a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish |
|
beef, pork, lamb, or chicken |
|
arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood) |
|
bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches |
|
medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country |
|
almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor |
|
pastéis de Belém |
|
Romans |
|
Bacchus |
|
Madeira Wine |
|
Port and Madeira |
|
Boom Festival |
|
Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto |
|
every two years |
|
European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010 |
|
2005 |
|
Artur Pizarro, Maria Joo Pires, Sequeira Costa |
|
cellist |
|
Joly Braga Santos |
|
Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira |
|
20th |
|
Delaunays |
|
Canço Popular a Russa e o Fgaro |
|
Vieira da Silva, Jlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julio Sarmento and Paula Rego |
|
Football |
|
Eusébio |
|
Lus Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo |
|
Lus Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo |
|
José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José |
|
SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP |
|
"os três grandes" ("the big three") |
|
eight |
|
roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball |
|
Portuguese Football Federation (FPF) – Federaço Portuguesa de Futebol |
|
June 8, 1977 |
|
Kanye Omari West |
|
Kanye Omari West |
|
June 8, 1977 |
|
Roc-A-Fella Records |
|
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys |
|
7 |
|
Roc-A-Fella Records |
|
Chicago |
|
Roc-A-Fella Records |
|
The College Dropout |
|
7 |
|
more than 32 million |
|
more than 32 million |
|
21 |
|
3 |
|
Rolling Stone's 2012 "500 Greatest Albums of All Time |
|
more than 32 million |
|
21 |
|
3 |
|
2005 and 2015 |
|
Dr. Donda C. (Williams) |
|
Atlanta |
|
Good Water Store and Café |
|
Dr. Donda C. (Williams) |
|
middle-class |
|
Nanjing, China |
|
foreigner |
|
A's and B's |
|
10 |
|
Nanjing University |
|
poetry |
|
$25 an hour |
|
DJ No I.D. |
|
poetry |
|
Green Eggs and Ham |
|
No I.D. |
|
Chicago's American Academy of Art |
|
20 |
|
Chicago's American Academy of Art |
|
English |
|
20 |
|
College Dropout |
|
burgeoning local artists |
|
speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records |
|
the Go-Getters |
|
mid-1990s |
|
mid-1990s |
|
Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie |
|
the Go-Getters |
|
Hustle Period |
|
1999 |
|
Foxy Brown |
|
Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem. |
|
Foxy Brown |
|
Tell 'Em Why U Madd |
|
Roc-A-Fella Records |
|
The Blueprint |
|
2000 |
|
The Blueprint |
|
rapper |
|
Capitol Records |
|
rapper |
|
gangsta |
|
Capitol Records |
|
Joe Weinberger |
|
Damon Dash |
|
Roc-A-Fella |
|
Joe Weinberger |
|
Damon Dash |
|
Through The Wire |
|
Get Well Soon... |
|
The College Dropout |
|
October 23, 2002 |
|
"Through The Wire" |
|
Get Well Soon... |
|
leaked |
|
3 |
|
Los Angeles |
|
3 |
|
August 2003 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
Jesus Walks |
|
GOOD Music |
|
February 2004 |
|
"Slow Jamz" |
|
Hot 10 |
|
GOOD Music |
|
a string orchestra |
|
Jon Brion |
|
Late Registration |
|
2.3 million |
|
Portishead |
|
Late Registration |
|
2.3 million |
|
Best New Artist |
|
Hurricane Katrina |
|
Rolling Stone |
|
Best New Artist |
|
Mike Myers |
|
Rolling Stone |
|
A Concert for Hurricane Relief |
|
U2 |
|
large arenas |
|
Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash |
|
U2 |
|
1980s |
|
The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin |
|
Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash |
|
Graduation |
|
50 Cent |
|
957,000 |
|
Daft Punk |
|
Graduation |
|
50 Cent |
|
Daft Punk |
|
Alexis Phifer |
|
Auto-Tune |
|
November 2007 |
|
Alexis Phifer |
|
Glow in the Dark Tour |
|
Honolulu, Hawaii |
|
"Love Lockdown" |
|
Island Def Jam |
|
808s & Heartbreak |
|
Island Def Jam |
|
to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008 |
|
Heartless |
|
Island Def Jam |
|
808s & Heartbreak |
|
808s & Heartbreak |
|
2009 |
|
Taylor Swift |
|
Lady Gaga |
|
2009 |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Lady Gaga |
|
52nd Grammy Awards |
|
Hawaii |
|
fashion |
|
Hawaii |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
Album of the Year |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
November 2010 |
|
"All of the Lights" |
|
GOOD Fridays |
|
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. |
|
Jay-Z |
|
pyramid-shaped |
|
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. |
|
Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. |
|
"Niggas in Paris" |
|
2012 |
|
pyramid-shaped |
|
Paris |
|
Yeezus |
|
Kendrick Lamar |
|
Paris |
|
architecture |
|
Yeezus |
|
June 18, 2013 |
|
Kendrick Lamar |
|
North |
|
Adidas |
|
Paul McCartney |
|
BRIT Awards |
|
Kim Kardashian |
|
North |
|
Florence |
|
Paul McCartney |
|
Yeezy Season 1 |
|
SWISH |
|
School of the Art Institute of Chicago |
|
Glastonbury |
|
So Help Me God |
|
School of the Art Institute of Chicago |
|
Glastonbury |
|
February 11 |
|
Waves |
|
Wiz Khalifa |
|
The Life of Pablo |
|
Tidal |
|
"Facts" |
|
Waves |
|
Wiz Khalifa |
|
Yeezy Season 3 |
|
Puff Daddy |
|
RZA |
|
chipmunk soul |
|
Puff Daddy |
|
Puff Daddy |
|
"This Can't Be Life" |
|
film score composer |
|
symphonic instrumentation |
|
a string section |
|
film score composer |
|
Portishead |
|
Graduation |
|
more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape |
|
melody and chord progression |
|
2007 |
|
808s & Heartbreak |
|
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George |
|
dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano |
|
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George |
|
1980s post-punk and new wave |
|
Matthew Trammell |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
Entertainment Weekly's Simon Vozick-Levinson |
|
Sean Fennessey |
|
Sean Fennessey |
|
808s & Heartbreak |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
a protest to music |
|
Le Corbusier |
|
2013 |
|
Yeezus |
|
Pastelle Clothing |
|
four years |
|
September 2005 |
|
2009 |
|
Nike |
|
Louis Vuitton |
|
women |
|
mixed-to-negative reviews |
|
March 6, 2012 |
|
October 1, 2011 |
|
DW Kanye West |
|
October 1, 2011 |
|
DW Kanye West |
|
mixed-to-negative |
|
March 6, 2012 |
|
December 3, 2013, |
|
December 3 |
|
Yeezy Boosts |
|
9000 |
|
Yeezy Boosts |
|
2015 |
|
The Life of Pablo |
|
10 |
|
2 |
|
February |
|
10 |
|
2 |
|
February 2011 |
|
KW Foods LLC |
|
GOOD Music |
|
Pusha T |
|
2004 |
|
John Legend |
|
Pusha T |
|
make products and experiences that people want and can afford |
|
Donda West |
|
January 5, 2012 |
|
Tidal |
|
Beyoncé and Jay-Z |
|
low payout of royalties |
|
Tidal |
|
lossless audio and high definition music videos |
|
Jay Z |
|
Spotify |
|
Kanye West Foundation |
|
music education |
|
Kanye West Foundation |
|
2007 |
|
Chicago |
|
music education |
|
Strong American Schools |
|
PSAs |
|
The Dr. Donda West Foundation |
|
2011 |
|
2008 |
|
The Dr. Donda West Foundation |
|
2008 |
|
Kanye West |
|
A Concert for Hurricane Relief |
|
Hurricane Katrina relief |
|
Hurricane Katrina relief |
|
September 2, 2005 |
|
Chris Tucker |
|
George Bush |
|
"one of the most disgusting moments" of his presidency |
|
Matt Lauer |
|
Kazakhstan |
|
$3 million |
|
one of the poorest human rights records in the world, |
|
Kazakhstan |
|
Arizona |
|
human rights concerns |
|
Jimmy Kimmel |
|
an apology |
|
Jimmy Kimmel |
|
Jimmy Kimmel |
|
Jimmy Kimmel |
|
George Bush |
|
Black people don't have the same level of connections as Jewish people |
|
George Bush |
|
December 21, 2013 |
|
Bill Cosby |
|
Bill Cosby |
|
Gretchen Wilson |
|
Touch the Sky |
|
Gretchen Wilson |
|
Touch the Sky |
|
November 7, 2006 |
|
Saturday Night Live |
|
MTV Video Music Awards |
|
Stronger |
|
MTV Video Music Awards |
|
"Stronger" |
|
Taylor Swift |
|
President Barack Obama |
|
President Barack Obama |
|
Taylor Swift |
|
Famous |
|
September 2010 |
|
November 8, 2010 |
|
The Life of Pablo |
|
Album of the Year |
|
Beyoncé |
|
Album of the Year |
|
February 26, 2015 |
|
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award |
|
2020 |
|
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award |
|
133,000+ |
|
closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games |
|
Change.org |
|
133,000+ |
|
over 50,000 |
|
Alexis Phifer |
|
Amber Rose |
|
Kim Kardashian |
|
2 |
|
2002 |
|
August 2006 |
|
Amber Rose |
|
April 2012 |
|
Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James |
|
58 |
|
Andre Aboolian |
|
approximately 7:35 pm |
|
heart disease |
|
Andre Aboolian |
|
Jan Adams |
|
Larry King Live |
|
liposuction and mammoplasty" |
|
Ed McPherson |
|
Medical Board |
|
Larry King Live |
|
January 10, 2008 |
|
Oklahoma City |
|
"Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" |
|
Oklahoma City |
|
November 20, 2007 |
|
November 22 |
|
Glow in the Dark tour |
|
New Zealand |
|
New Zealand |
|
Arnold Schwarzenegger |
|
Arnold Schwarzenegger |
|
"Donda West Law" |
|
trademark infringement |
|
November 2007 |
|
trademark infringement |
|
Evel Kanyevel |
|
November 2007 |
|
felony vandalism |
|
Culver City |
|
one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery |
|
September 11, 2008 |
|
felony vandalism |
|
felony vandalism |
|
Culver City |
|
Hilton |
|
Hilton |
|
Hilton |
|
Hilton |
|
Daniel Ramos |
|
misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft |
|
Daniel Ramos |
|
013 |
|
250 hours |
|
250 |
|
Christian |
|
The College Dropout |
|
Christian |
|
music critics, fans, fellow musicians, artists, and wider cultural figures |
|
David Bowie |
|
Jon Caramanic of The New York Times |
|
Village Voice Media senior editor |
|
Complex called him the 21st century's "most important artist of any art form, any genre." |
|
homophobia in hip hop |
|
Rosie Swash |
|
middle-class |
|
50 Cent |
|
lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing. |
|
Time Magazine's 100 most influential people |
|
Time Magazine's 100 most influential people |
|
6 |
|
over 30 million |
|
6 |
|
Yeezus |
|
3,086,000 |
|
3 million |
|
over 30 million |
|
21 |
|
Pazz & Jop |
|
twice |
|
21 |
|
8 |
|
May 16, 2008 |
|
MTV Man of the Year |
|
Pazz & Jop |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy |
|
third |
|
George W. Bush |
|
George W. Bush |
|
clothing and footwear |
|
DONDA |
|
2013 |
|
Buddhism |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
Nepal |
|
Four Noble Truths |
|
elimination of ignorance and craving |
|
nontheistic |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE |
|
Nepal |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
Nepal |
|
between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
4 |
|
Nepal |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle") |
|
Vajrayana |
|
Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia |
|
Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai |
|
between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million |
|
Mahayana |
|
Vajrayana |
|
Vajrayana |
|
Indian siddhas |
|
The School of the Elders |
|
Nirvana |
|
Noble Eightfold Path (also known as the Middle Way) |
|
help other beings reach awakening |
|
rainbow body |
|
Noble Eightfold Path |
|
Noble Eightfold Path |
|
Tibetan Buddhism |
|
the Middle Way |
|
Mahayana |
|
escaping what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth |
|
the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community) |
|
cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment |
|
Ten Meritorious Deeds |
|
monastic |
|
a creator deity |
|
greediness |
|
Ten Meritorious Deeds |
|
Nidnakath of the Jataka tales of the Theravada |
|
Sarvstivdin Lalitavistara Stra |
|
monastic order |
|
5th century CE |
|
Buddhacarita |
|
Buddha ghoa |
|
Buddha ghoa |
|
do not consistently accept all of the details contained in his biographies. |
|
5th ce |
|
Michael Carrithers |
|
renunciation |
|
Karen Armstrong |
|
Siddhatta Gotama |
|
his disciples |
|
Michael Carrithers |
|
biography of the Buddha |
|
Siddhatta Gotama |
|
fifth century BCE |
|
Siddhrtha Gautama |
|
small republic, |
|
Siddhrtha Gautama |
|
fifth century BCE |
|
small republic |
|
Siddhrtha Gautama |
|
oligarchy |
|
Siddhrtha Gautama |
|
elected chieftain |
|
astrologer |
|
either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man |
|
whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls |
|
astrologer |
|
Suddhodana |
|
astrologer |
|
astrologer |
|
Suddhodana |
|
holy man |
|
palace grounds |
|
29 |
|
suffering of ordinary people |
|
an ascetic holy man |
|
king |
|
29 |
|
the four sights |
|
spiritual |
|
king |
|
29 |
|
the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse |
|
the four sights—he learned of the suffering of ordinary people, encountering an old man, a sick man, a corpse |
|
famous religious teachers of the day |
|
Middle Way |
|
prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain |
|
anapanasati meditation |
|
extreme asceticism |
|
milk and rice |
|
Middle Way |
|
end to suffering |
|
milk and rice |
|
Middle Way |
|
Middle Way |
|
35 |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
the path of awakening he had discovered |
|
80 |
|
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
80 |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
Bodh Gaya |
|
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi |
|
samsara |
|
ignorance |
|
suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction |
|
liberation from samsara |
|
avidya |
|
six |
|
ignorance |
|
following the Buddhist path |
|
samsara |
|
six |
|
six |
|
avidya |
|
following the Buddhist path |
|
action, work |
|
sasra |
|
sla |
|
phala |
|
action, work |
|
sla |
|
cetan |
|
phala |
|
sasra |
|
sla |
|
result |
|
Theravada |
|
Lotus Sutra, the Agulimlya Stra and the Mahyna Mahparinirva Stra |
|
Vajrayana |
|
Amitbha |
|
Theravada |
|
Amitbha |
|
Theravada |
|
Theravada |
|
Amitbha |
|
Amitbha |
|
a succession of lifetimes |
|
anatt |
|
prattyasamutpda |
|
a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. |
|
karma |
|
a succession of lifetimes |
|
anatta |
|
prattyasamutpda |
|
permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul |
|
angmis (non-returners) |
|
the highest object of meditation |
|
angmis |
|
Pure Abodes |
|
angmis |
|
formless realms |
|
arpajhnas |
|
angmis |
|
angmis |
|
arpajhnas |
|
formless realms |
|
intermediate |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
bardo |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
intermediate |
|
intermediate |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon |
|
Four Noble Truths |
|
dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome |
|
Four Noble Truths |
|
suffering |
|
Four Noble Truths |
|
dukkha |
|
dukkha |
|
"suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease", etc. |
|
three |
|
suffering |
|
anxiety |
|
three |
|
unsatisfactoriness |
|
three |
|
three |
|
the origin of dukkha can be known |
|
craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja) |
|
complete cessation of dukkha is possible |
|
a path to this cessation |
|
the origin of dukkha can be known. |
|
craving |
|
craving |
|
the origin of dukkha can be known |
|
craving |
|
ignorance (Pali: avijja) of the true nature of things |
|
dukkha |
|
Noble Eightfold Path |
|
dukkha |
|
Right Concentration |
|
the fourth |
|
Noble Eight fold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths— |
|
dukkha |
|
Right Action |
|
the fourth |
|
Noble Eightfold |
|
dukkha |
|
Ajahn Sucitto |
|
one's behaviour |
|
mental, spoken, and bodily |
|
Ajahn Sucitto |
|
"the immeasurables" |
|
egotism |
|
brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables |
|
loving-kindness meditation |
|
wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings |
|
Thich Nhat Hanh |
|
egotism |
|
Thich Nhat Hanh |
|
Pema Chödrön |
|
loving-kindness meditation |
|
enlightenment |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
enlightenment |
|
Reality in Buddhism |
|
doctrinal |
|
Buddhist philosophy |
|
doctrinal |
|
liberation |
|
(sasra) |
|
nirva |
|
nirva |
|
dispassion |
|
three |
|
inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent |
|
loss |
|
because things are impermanent |
|
external |
|
coming into being, and ceasing to be |
|
sasra |
|
attachment to them is futile |
|
suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration |
|
disquietude |
|
realistic |
|
Buddhism |
|
disquietude |
|
disquietude |
|
dukkha |
|
Not-self |
|
release from suffering |
|
the Buddha refused to answer |
|
neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self |
|
Not-self |
|
Nikayas anatta |
|
"I have a Self" and "I have no Self" |
|
skandhas |
|
doctrine of prattyasamutpda, |
|
"dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency" |
|
doctrine of prattyasamutpda, |
|
Twelve Nidnas |
|
Twelve Nidnas |
|
Twelve Nidnas |
|
cause, foundation, source or origin |
|
Twelve Nidnas |
|
Twelve Nidnas |
|
Nirvana |
|
ignorance |
|
absence of the others |
|
sasra |
|
dukkha |
|
Nirvana |
|
ignorance |
|
nyat |
|
emptiness |
|
tman |
|
svabhava |
|
Sarvastivada teachings |
|
Vasubandhu and Asanga |
|
cittamatra |
|
Vasubandhu and Asanga |
|
Mahayana |
|
Mahayana |
|
Sakya |
|
innate qualities of the mind |
|
tathgatagarbha |
|
"Awakening" or "Enlightenment" |
|
anybody who has achieved nirvana |
|
arahant |
|
Bodhi |
|
nirvana |
|
raga |
|
raga |
|
delusion |
|
bodhisattva |
|
buddha |
|
nirvana |
|
parinirvana |
|
fully awakened |
|
Samsara |
|
Samsara |
|
Mahayana |
|
Maitreya |
|
celestial |
|
by directly realizing the true nature of reality |
|
Theravada |
|
Bodhi |
|
anagami |
|
omnipresent |
|
omnipresent |
|
the Mahayana |
|
other planes of existence |
|
monks |
|
bodhisattvas |
|
bodhisattvas |
|
Pure Land |
|
Pure Land |
|
salvific "other-power" |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
A Buddha era |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
Mahayana |
|
one at a time |
|
Pure Land Buddhism |
|
enlightenment being |
|
bodhicitta |
|
enlightenment |
|
enlightenment |
|
enlightenment |
|
bodhisattvas |
|
bodhisattva vow |
|
dna, la, kanti, vrya, dhyna, and praj |
|
14th Dalai Lama |
|
Buddhists |
|
bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting |
|
meditative absorption |
|
the Buddha |
|
yoga |
|
liberating |
|
Meditation |
|
mindfulness and clear awareness |
|
vision |
|
ethics |
|
transcendent wisdom |
|
Buddhist |
|
Buddhist |
|
yoga |
|
Upanishadic cosmological statements |
|
contemplative |
|
Nasadiya Sukta |
|
the Three Jewels |
|
Majjhima Nikaya |
|
Tibetan Buddhism |
|
eternal and immutable essence. |
|
eternal and unchanging essence and as having an irreversible effect: |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
The Dharma |
|
The Sangha |
|
sla |
|
pramit |
|
meritorious |
|
Samdhi/Bhvana |
|
meritorious |
|
overall principles of ethical behavior |
|
five precepts |
|
eight |
|
training rules |
|
dana |
|
dana |
|
sexual misconduct |
|
celibacy |
|
ten |
|
seventh |
|
ten precepts |
|
vinaya pitaka |
|
227 |
|
vinayapitaka |
|
the spirit that counts |
|
a satisfying life |
|
higher attainments |
|
islands unto themselves |
|
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra |
|
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra |
|
Japan |
|
Zen |
|
eight |
|
right concentration |
|
samyak samdhi |
|
calm, tranquil, and luminous |
|
jhna |
|
vipassan |
|
insight |
|
an object or idea |
|
jhna |
|
calm the mind |
|
vipassan |
|
jna |
|
praj |
|
vipassan |
|
craving |
|
various defilements |
|
stress |
|
Nibbna |
|
Four Noble Truths |
|
bodhi |
|
Praj |
|
conceptual |
|
Nirvana |
|
daily life |
|
Zen |
|
Zen |
|
Zen |
|
scriptures |
|
koan |
|
koan |
|
Zen Buddhist |
|
Zen Buddhist |
|
Thinking and thought |
|
Mahayana |
|
Diamond Vehicle |
|
Vajrayana |
|
ritual and physical techniques |
|
second half of the first millennium BCE |
|
shramanas |
|
shramanas |
|
karma |
|
Greater Magadha |
|
Kosala |
|
2nd or 3rd centuries BCE |
|
Upanishads |
|
Pakudha Kaccayana |
|
Ajnanas |
|
Jains |
|
Vedic animal sacrifice |
|
hymn of the cosmic man |
|
introduced animal sacrifices |
|
alteration of the true Veda |
|
Theravadin Pali Canon |
|
insight |
|
Rupa Jhanas |
|
Majjhima Nikaya |
|
Schmithausen |
|
Bruce Matthews |
|
Norman |
|
Norman |
|
fourth jhana |
|
liberating insight |
|
the four truths |
|
Nirvna |
|
Nikayas |
|
Nirvna |
|
the middle way |
|
eightfold |
|
prajna |
|
liberating insight |
|
person |
|
Upanishadic |
|
Nikaya Buddhism |
|
Nikaya Buddhism |
|
Nikaya Buddhism |
|
Nikaya Buddhism |
|
Nikaya Buddhism |
|
Pre-sectarian Buddhism |
|
dependent origination, karma and rebirth |
|
Gautama Buddha |
|
parinirva |
|
nanda |
|
stras |
|
abhidhamma |
|
after the Second Council |
|
after the Second Council |
|
100 BCE |
|
Mahasanghikas |
|
Mahasanghika |
|
the Sthaviras were trying to expand the vinaya |
|
Theravda |
|
monasteries |
|
doctrinal disagreements |
|
Abhidharma |
|
summaries or numerical lists |
|
3rd century BCE |
|
Mahasanghika |
|
Mahsghika |
|
Mahsghika |
|
Prajpramit |
|
Prajpramit |
|
ndhra |
|
Amaravati, Ngrjunako and Jaggayyapea |
|
Akira Hirakawa |
|
Buddhism |
|
ordination lineage |
|
non-Mahyna monks |
|
Chinese |
|
Lokakema |
|
1st century BCE |
|
1st century BCE |
|
Buddhist Logic |
|
Buddhist Logic |
|
Yogacara |
|
Ashoka |
|
Sri Lanka |
|
Buddhist religious memorials |
|
emissaries |
|
Buddhist missionaries |
|
emissaries |
|
Persian and Greek |
|
Menander |
|
Theravada |
|
Theravada |
|
2nd century CE |
|
2nd century CE |
|
Korea and Japan |
|
8th century onwards |
|
China |
|
the teachings of the Buddha |
|
the Buddhist community |
|
exotic and progressive |
|
Modern influences |
|
second half of the 20th Century |
|
neo-Buddhism |
|
Soka Gakkai |
|
Value Creation Society |
|
12 million |
|
SGI |
|
7% to 8% |
|
18.2% |
|
18.2% |
|
180 million |
|
180 million |
|
Seven million |
|
138 million |
|
138 million |
|
138 million |
|
lesser vehicle |
|
Hinayana |
|
Buddhism |
|
Buddhist ecumenical organization |
|
Theravada |
|
ancestral Sthvirya |
|
Pali Canon |
|
the west |
|
personal effort |
|
merit |
|
Nland University |
|
Mahayana Sutras |
|
Lotus Sutra |
|
Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra |
|
Eastern Buddhism |
|
Northern Buddhism |
|
the Pure Land school of Mahayana |
|
Buddhism and Saivism |
|
mantras |
|
Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra |
|
Buddhist scriptures |
|
scholastic |
|
single central text |
|
Tibetan Buddhists |
|
Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka |
|
barriers |
|
Dhammapada |
|
all of the major principles of Buddhism |
|
condensed'study texts' |
|
Zen |
|
The Buddha and His Dhamma |
|
The Pli Tipitaka |
|
Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka |
|
Vinaya Pitaka |
|
Sutta Pitaka |
|
Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka |
|
Pli Tipitaka |
|
five or seven |
|
Mahkyapa |
|
to record the Buddha's teachings |
|
Upli |
|
nanda |
|
nanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma |
|
Theravadin |
|
The Theravadins |
|
Mahayana sutras |
|
Mahayana sutras |
|
Sarvastivada Abhidharma |
|
Mahayana |
|
the Great Vehicle |
|
bodhisattva path |
|
Mahayana sutras |
|
Mahayana sutras |
|
Mahayana tradition |
|
Chinese |
|
East Asian Buddhism |
|
Hinnayana |
|
Hinayana |
|
Mahayana |
|
hinayana |
|
hinayana |
|
Hinayana |
|
rvakayna |
|
Buddhism |
|
Middle way |
|
parallels |
|
Christianity |
|
dependent origination |
|
Buddhism |
|
Buddhism |
|
Simon Fuller |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
June 11, 2002 |
|
Pop Idol |
|
Pop Idol |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
Pop Idol |
|
Simon Fuller |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
June 11, 2002 |
|
Pop Idol |
|
Randy Jackson |
|
Brian Dunkleman |
|
Jennifer Lopez |
|
Ryan Seacrest |
|
Brian Dunkleman |
|
Paula Abdul |
|
Jennifer Lopez |
|
Randy Jackson |
|
Paula Abdul |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Keith Urban |
|
country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. |
|
345 |
|
Kelly Clarkson |
|
a rival TV executive |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
Fantasia |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
Fantasia |
|
345 |
|
a rival TV executive |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
15 |
|
eight |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
Popstars |
|
Simon Fuller |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
Popstars |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
telephone voting |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
seven |
|
2002 |
|
2001 |
|
Elisabeth |
|
Rupert Murdoch |
|
American Idol: The Search for a Superstar |
|
eight |
|
four |
|
Angie Martinez |
|
DJ Stryker |
|
four |
|
DJ Stryker |
|
Angie Martinez |
|
eight |
|
Kara DioGuardi |
|
Ellen DeGeneres |
|
two |
|
January 11, 2010 |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Kara DioGuardi |
|
Paula Abdul |
|
January 11, 2010 |
|
Ellen DeGeneres |
|
before season ten |
|
season two |
|
Adam Lambert |
|
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb |
|
season six |
|
season nine |
|
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb |
|
eight |
|
Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb |
|
Ryan Seacrest |
|
Brian Dunkleman |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
song choice and performance |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
fifteen to twenty-eight |
|
season four |
|
must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage |
|
three |
|
the judges |
|
10,000 |
|
the judges |
|
three |
|
one of the show's producers |
|
Hollywood |
|
season seven |
|
seasons two and three |
|
three |
|
twelve |
|
three |
|
individually or in groups |
|
seasons two and three |
|
Las Vegas |
|
five guys and five girls |
|
five guys and five girls |
|
178 million |
|
Over 110 million |
|
Telescope Inc |
|
semi-finals |
|
Over 110 million |
|
nearly 750 million |
|
three groups of ten |
|
wildcard |
|
three groups of ten |
|
four groups of eight |
|
season one |
|
three groups of ten |
|
12 |
|
twenty-four |
|
twenty-four |
|
six |
|
six |
|
top twelve |
|
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer |
|
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer |
|
five |
|
thirteen |
|
season eight |
|
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer |
|
the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer |
|
the final 10 |
|
CBS Television City |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
thirteen |
|
eleven weeks |
|
CBS Television City |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
eight weeks in season one |
|
one song |
|
starting in season eight |
|
"The save" can only be used once |
|
sent to safety |
|
season six |
|
fourteen |
|
Twitter |
|
Fan Save |
|
Twitter |
|
Top 8 |
|
Nokia Theatre |
|
3,400 |
|
two-hour |
|
Dolby Theatre |
|
3,400 |
|
over 6,000 |
|
Nokia Theatre |
|
19 Management |
|
Big Machine Records |
|
BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) |
|
19 Management |
|
19 Management |
|
Big Machine Records |
|
a golden ticket |
|
a golden ticket |
|
results show |
|
seven |
|
Ray Chew |
|
American Idol |
|
Rickey Minor |
|
Rickey Minor |
|
Ray Chew |
|
seven |
|
Fox |
|
Fox |
|
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman |
|
Fox |
|
Fox |
|
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman |
|
121 |
|
121 |
|
Jim Verraros |
|
Tamyra Gray |
|
while she was in the hospital |
|
121 |
|
30 |
|
Delano Cagnolatti |
|
top four |
|
Christina Christian |
|
September 4, 2002 |
|
Justin Guarini |
|
Betty Hutton's |
|
Justin Guarini |
|
Kelly Clarkson |
|
September 4, 2002 |
|
A Moment Like This |
|
From Justin to Kelly |
|
23 million |
|
A Moment Like This |
|
Clarkson |
|
A Moment Like This |
|
The Beatles |
|
From Justin to Kelly |
|
23 million |
|
January 2003 |
|
Kristin Adams |
|
January 2003 |
|
Kristin Adams |
|
Corey Clark |
|
Jaered Andrews |
|
Corey Clark |
|
Jaered Andrews |
|
Corey Clark |
|
Jaered Andrews |
|
Jaered Andrews |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
24 million |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
24 million |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
24 million |
|
24 million |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
Flying Without Wings |
|
Josh Gracin |
|
This Is the Night |
|
Flying Without Wings |
|
This Is the Night |
|
"Flying Without Wings" |
|
Josh Gracin |
|
January 19, 2004 |
|
William Hung |
|
William Hung |
|
January 19, 2004 |
|
William Hung |
|
William Hung |
|
the Three Divas |
|
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson |
|
Elton John |
|
John Stevens |
|
the Three Divas |
|
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson |
|
Elton John |
|
John Stevens |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
I Believe |
|
Dreams |
|
Summertime |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Fantasia |
|
I Believe |
|
Nikko Smith |
|
Nikko Smith |
|
Freemantle Media |
|
Mario Vazquez |
|
top 11 week |
|
the result reveal postponed until the following night |
|
May 2005 |
|
seven |
|
Inside Your Heaven |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
May 2005 |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
Inside Your Heaven |
|
seven |
|
Season five |
|
Brittenum twins |
|
Season five |
|
January 17, 2006 |
|
Brittenum twins |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
lead singer |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
I Walk the Line |
|
not crediting the arrangement to Live |
|
Taylor Hicks |
|
Do I Make You Proud |
|
My Destiny |
|
May 30, 2006 |
|
Taylor Hicks |
|
Do I Make You Proud |
|
My Destiny |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
Chris Daughtry |
|
January 16, 2007 |
|
37.3 million |
|
January 16, 2007 |
|
37.3 million |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
Howard Stern |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
April 18 |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
Vote for the Worst |
|
Howard Stern |
|
April 18 |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
Melinda Doolittle |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
Phil Stacey and Chris Richardson |
|
Melinda Doolittle |
|
Jordin Sparks |
|
Blake Lewis |
|
Jordin Sparks |
|
Jordin Sparks |
|
Jordin Sparks |
|
Blake Lewis |
|
January 18, 2005 |
|
over 100,000 |
|
28 |
|
Season four |
|
Season four |
|
January 18, 2005 |
|
high definition |
|
over 100,000 |
|
28 |
|
May 24, 2007 |
|
This Is My Now |
|
public vote |
|
American Idol Songwriter |
|
coronation song |
|
20 |
|
This Is My Now |
|
May 24, 2007 |
|
January 15, 2008 |
|
David Hernandez |
|
Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson |
|
January 15, 2008 |
|
David Hernandez |
|
professional |
|
Kristy Lee Cook, Brooke White, Michael Johns, and in particular Carly Smithson |
|
Billie Jean |
|
David Cook |
|
"Billie Jean" |
|
March 11, 2008 |
|
March 11, 2008 |
|
"Billie Jean" |
|
David Cook |
|
David Archuleta |
|
season ten |
|
Hallelujah |
|
Jeff Buckley |
|
This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, |
|
David Archuleta's |
|
Jennifer Lopez |
|
Jason Castro |
|
Jeff Buckley |
|
This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, |
|
David Cook |
|
David Cook |
|
May 21, 2008 |
|
David Cook |
|
The Time of My Life |
|
American Idol Songwriter |
|
May 22, 2008 |
|
The Time of My Life |
|
May 22, 2008 |
|
January 13, 2009 |
|
Danny Gokey |
|
president of alternative programming |
|
eight |
|
January 13, 2009 |
|
Mike Darnell |
|
Danny Gokey |
|
Kara DioGuardi |
|
two weeks |
|
So You Think You Can Dance |
|
Kodak Theatre |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
four |
|
Kara DioGuardi |
|
So You Think You Can Dance |
|
Kodak Theatre |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
13 |
|
Matt Giraud |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
Matt Giraud |
|
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert |
|
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, |
|
AT&T |
|
AT&T |
|
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, |
|
most controversial voting result since season two |
|
AT&T |
|
AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes |
|
No Boundaries |
|
DioGuardi |
|
No Boundaries |
|
DioGuardi |
|
gold album status |
|
platinum album status |
|
January 12, 2010 |
|
Ellen DeGeneres |
|
Hollywood Week |
|
January 12, 2010 |
|
Ellen DeGeneres |
|
Ellen DeGeneres |
|
Hollywood Week |
|
Crystal Bowersox |
|
Ken Warwick |
|
diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
Crystal Bowersox |
|
diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
disqualify her |
|
Ken Warwick |
|
show producer |
|
Michael Lynche |
|
Michael Lynche |
|
Adam Lambert |
|
$45 million |
|
Michael Lynche |
|
Adam Lambert |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
Paula Abdul |
|
Lee DeWyze |
|
Beautiful Day |
|
May 26 |
|
Lee DeWyze |
|
Beautiful Day |
|
Up to the Mountain |
|
January 19, 2011 |
|
Season ten |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
The X Factor |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
January 19, 2011 |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
Nigel Lythgoe |
|
Jimmy Iovine |
|
Season ten |
|
Myspace |
|
Myspace |
|
Season ten |
|
Myspace |
|
Chris Medina |
|
Top 40 |
|
Casey Abrams |
|
Casey Abrams |
|
Chris Medina |
|
Top 40 round |
|
Casey Abrams |
|
Top 13 result show |
|
Casey Abrams |
|
Pia Toscano |
|
Tom Hanks |
|
Pia Toscano |
|
Tom Hanks |
|
Lauren Alaina |
|
Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery |
|
I Love You This Big |
|
Like My Mother Does |
|
Ruben Studdard's Soulful |
|
May 25 |
|
Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
January 18, 2012 |
|
Top 25 |
|
Jermaine Jones |
|
January 18, 2012 |
|
Jermaine Jones |
|
March 14 |
|
concealing arrests and outstanding warrants |
|
kidney pain |
|
kidney stones |
|
eight |
|
kidney pain |
|
kidney pain |
|
kidney pain |
|
Jessica Sanchez |
|
Jessica Sanchez |
|
Colton Dixon |
|
final two |
|
Jessica Sanchez |
|
Jessica Sanchez |
|
Colton Dixon |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Phillips |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Diana DeGarmo |
|
Home |
|
Change Nothing |
|
Home |
|
Change Nothing |
|
Home |
|
January 16, 2013 |
|
Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler |
|
TMZ |
|
January 16, 2013 |
|
four |
|
Lazaro Arbos |
|
Lazaro Arbos |
|
Lazaro Arbos |
|
Lazaro Arbos |
|
Lazaro Arbos |
|
given an extra week to perform again with their votes carried over with no elimination in the first week. |
|
Candice Glover |
|
Candice Glover |
|
I Am Beautiful |
|
All Cried Out |
|
Candice Glover |
|
Candice Glover |
|
I Am Beautiful |
|
All Cried Out |
|
not signed by a music label |
|
Randy Jackson |
|
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj |
|
Randy Jackson |
|
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj |
|
January 15, 2014 |
|
Ryan Seacrest |
|
in-mentor |
|
Louis J. Horvitz |
|
January 15, 2014 |
|
Randy Jackson and Keith Urban |
|
Jennifer Lopez |
|
Jennifer Lopez |
|
Nigel Lythgoe and Ken Warwick |
|
Sam Woolf |
|
Top 3 performance night |
|
songs they wrote themselves |
|
Sam Woolf |
|
Top 8 |
|
Top 3 performance night |
|
Caleb Johnson |
|
Caleb Johnson |
|
As Long as You Love Me |
|
We Are One |
|
Caleb Johnson |
|
Caleb Johnson |
|
As Long as You Love Me |
|
We Are One |
|
January 7, 2015 |
|
Ryan Seacrest |
|
Adam Lambert |
|
judges |
|
Randy Jackson |
|
January 7, 2015 |
|
Adam Lambert |
|
one |
|
Ford Motor Company |
|
Ford Motor Company |
|
Big Machine Records |
|
one |
|
Ford Motor Company |
|
Ford Motor Company |
|
Big Machine Records |
|
Nick Fradiani |
|
Clark Beckham |
|
Jax |
|
Beautiful Life |
|
Forcefield |
|
Nick Fradiani |
|
Clark Beckham |
|
Beautiful Life |
|
Champion |
|
Jax |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
15 |
|
May 11, 201 |
|
judges |
|
Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
Harry Connick Jr., Keith Urban, and Jennifer Lopez |
|
48% |
|
2002 |
|
ten |
|
North Carolina |
|
North Carolina |
|
ten |
|
Clay Aiken, Kellie Pickler, and Chris Daughtry |
|
85 |
|
10% |
|
85 |
|
85 |
|
Taylor Hicks |
|
Alabama |
|
text-voting |
|
text-voting |
|
Alabama |
|
White guy with guitar |
|
Phillip Phillips |
|
American Idol: The Untold Story |
|
five |
|
five |
|
White guy with guitar |
|
Richard Rushfield |
|
Phillip Phillips |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
Clay Aiken |
|
Clay Aiken |
|
2013 |
|
100 million |
|
Clay Aiken |
|
season eight |
|
power voting |
|
2010 |
|
2013 |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
nearly $185 million |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
June 2002 |
|
9.9 million |
|
averaged 23 million |
|
June 2002 |
|
June 2002 |
|
9.9 million |
|
averaged 23 million |
|
26.5 million |
|
average of 21.7 million |
|
Ruben Studdard |
|
four |
|
30.6 million |
|
26.5 million |
|
average of 21.7 million |
|
four |
|
Season six |
|
Season six |
|
the Death Star |
|
NBC |
|
Season six |
|
the Death Star |
|
decline |
|
second highest-rated |
|
season seven |
|
Writers Guild of America strike |
|
season seven |
|
11% |
|
season seven |
|
Fox |
|
Writers Guild of America strike |
|
NBC |
|
CBS |
|
30.1 million |
|
30.1 million |
|
30.1 million |
|
six |
|
47.2 |
|
47.2 |
|
47.2 |
|
47.2 |
|
American Idol |
|
NBC Sunday Night Football |
|
eight years |
|
13.3 million |
|
13 |
|
2002 |
|
7.2 million |
|
13.3 million |
|
one, two-hour |
|
8.03 million |
|
15 |
|
May 11, 2015 |
|
8.03 million |
|
9 |
|
8 |
|
eight |
|
eight |
|
Simon Fuller |
|
Dancing with the Stars |
|
The Voice |
|
American Idol |
|
American Idol |
|
American Idol |
|
345 |
|
Rich Meyer |
|
Kelly Clarkson |
|
345 |
|
Fred Bronson |
|
Kelly Clarkson |
|
Kelly Clarkson |
|
120 million |
|
120 million |
|
120 million |
|
120 million |
|
Jennifer Hudson |
|
Jennifer Hudson |
|
musical theatre |
|
Jennifer Hudson |
|
Jennifer Hudson |
|
Debra Byrd |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
poorly |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
product placement |
|
poorly |
|
Entertainment Weekly |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
John Mayer |
|
Ramin Setoodeh |
|
commercialism |
|
Ann Powers |
|
Simon Cowell |
|
John Mayer |
|
Elton John |
|
2006 |
|
LeAnn Rimes |
|
Usher |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
Carrie Underwood |
|
LeAnn Rimes |
|
Elton John |
|
country |
|
country |
|
9 |
|
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series |
|
8 |
|
Idol Gives Back |
|
nine |
|
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series |
|
$900 million |
|
$6.4 billion |
|
The American Idol Experience |
|
$900 million |
|
Disney |
|
four |
|
over $700,000 |
|
$300,000 |
|
$737,000 |
|
four |
|
800 million |
|
season one |
|
season one |
|
AT&T Wireless |
|
AT&T Wireless |
|
seven |
|
10 million |
|
35 million |
|
AT&T Wireless |
|
text-messaging |
|
4,349 |
|
PepsiCo |
|
The X Factor |
|
PepsiCo |
|
The X Factor |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
The season five tour |
|
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies |
|
a semi-finalist who won a sing-off |
|
Kellogg's Pop-Tarts |
|
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies |
|
The season five tour |
|
season seven |
|
compilation album |
|
season seven |
|
American Idol |
|
compilation album |
|
the top ten |
|
season seven |
|
19 Recordings |
|
UMG |
|
BMG |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
19 Recordings |
|
BMG |
|
Sony Music Entertainment |
|
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records |
|
Disney's Hollywood Studios |
|
February 14, 2009 |
|
August 30, 2014 |
|
19 Entertainment |
|
February 14, 2009 |
|
Disney's Hollywood Studios |
|
Dream Ticket |
|
August 30, 2014 |
|
over 100 |
|
thirteen |
|
August 2014 |
|
Yes TV |
|
over 100 |
|
CTV and/or CTV Two |
|
Yes TV |
|
La3 |
|
one day |
|
STAR World |
|
Thursday and Friday |
|
STAR World |
|
La3 |
|
ringers |
|
seven |
|
seven |
|
Canis lupus familiaris |
|
millennia |
|
millennia |
|
sensory capabilities |
|
a manmade variant of an extant canid species |
|
a manmade variant of an extant canid species |
|
a manmade variant of an extant canid species |
|
starch-rich |
|
a manmade variant of an extant canid species |
|
man's best friend |
|
man's best friend |
|
meat |
|
dukkn |
|
Proto-Indo-European |
|
docga |
|
Proto-Indo-European |
|
hound |
|
mastiff. |
|
16th |
|
hound |
|
16th century |
|
types used for hunting |
|
Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- "dog" |
|
a litter. |
|
the sire |
|
poupée |
|
whelping |
|
bitch |
|
bitch |
|
litter |
|
the sire |
|
dam |
|
about a year |
|
Linnaeus |
|
1758 |
|
Linnaeus |
|
wolf |
|
Canis lupus |
|
Linnaeus |
|
"Dog-family" or the family dog |
|
Canis lupus |
|
Canis dingo |
|
1982 |
|
2003 |
|
Lupus |
|
Canis familiaris |
|
Opinion 2027 |
|
Canis familiaris |
|
Opinion 2027 |
|
Opinion 2027 |
|
two sister monophyletic clades |
|
two sister monophyletic clades |
|
human hunter-gatherers |
|
Taimyr wolf |
|
human hunter-gatherers |
|
Taymyr wolf |
|
Taimyr wolf |
|
Modern dog breeds |
|
a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing. |
|
scavengers |
|
a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing. |
|
endurance |
|
catching and tearing |
|
scavengers |
|
height and weight. |
|
English Mastiff |
|
English Mastiff |
|
double |
|
down hair |
|
double |
|
topcoat only |
|
countershading |
|
light |
|
countershading |
|
light |
|
reduces its general visibility |
|
tails |
|
to communicate their emotional state |
|
tails |
|
genetic ailments |
|
parasites |
|
serious medical conditions |
|
serious medical conditions |
|
parasites |
|
chocolate |
|
xylitol |
|
chocolate |
|
theobromine |
|
chocolate |
|
nicotine |
|
slow |
|
1.2 years |
|
shorter |
|
2013 |
|
1.2 years |
|
10 to 13 years. |
|
Dogue de Bordeaux |
|
5.2 years |
|
Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds |
|
Dogue de Bordeaux |
|
5.2 years |
|
14 to 15 years. |
|
Bluey |
|
Guinness Book of World Records, |
|
1939 |
|
Bluey |
|
1939 |
|
Guinness Book of World Records, |
|
six to twelve months |
|
the body prepares for pregnancy. |
|
six to twelve months |
|
estrous cycle |
|
58 to 68 days |
|
63 days |
|
six |
|
toy dogs |
|
63 days |
|
six |
|
toy dogs |
|
Neutering |
|
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) |
|
Neutering |
|
by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus |
|
Neutering |
|
by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus |
|
neutered |
|
Neutering |
|
prostate cancer |
|
Spayed female dogs |
|
prostate cancer |
|
prostate cancer |
|
over 200 |
|
Chaser |
|
gesturing and pointing |
|
Australian dingos |
|
humans |
|
Dog intelligence |
|
over 200 |
|
advanced memory |
|
1,000 |
|
9,000–30,000 years BCE |
|
millennia of contact with humans. |
|
human children |
|
millennia of contact with humans. |
|
millennia of contact with humans. |
|
Dog behavior |
|
understand and communicate |
|
human children |
|
scents, pheromones and taste |
|
hand signals |
|
body posture |
|
hand signals |
|
domestic dogs. |
|
atrophy of the jaw muscles. |
|
gray wolves |
|
once a year. |
|
dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. |
|
11 |
|
morphology and behavior |
|
tameness |
|
aggression |
|
production-related traits |
|
dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. |
|
11 |
|
aggression |
|
525 million |
|
525 million |
|
525 million:225 |
|
territory disputes |
|
fearless |
|
large wild dogs |
|
territory disputes |
|
sheep |
|
Russia |
|
Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as leopards. |
|
Striped hyenas |
|
alligators and pythons |
|
Leopards |
|
Tigers |
|
alligators and pythons |
|
Striped hyenas |
|
carnivores or omnivores |
|
vegetables and grains |
|
meat-specific protein |
|
carnivores or omnivores |
|
meat-specific protein |
|
starch digestion |
|
artificially selected |
|
artificially selected |
|
selective breeding |
|
Irish Wolfhound |
|
few hundred years old |
|
hundreds |
|
blue |
|
selective breeding |
|
selective breed |
|
Modern dog breeds |
|
selective breeding |
|
dog types and dog breeds |
|
Modern dog breeds |
|
the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. |
|
four |
|
Malamute and Shar Pei |
|
herding |
|
four |
|
old world dogs |
|
all others |
|
bite inhibition |
|
sophisticated forms of social cognition and communication |
|
successful species on the planet today. |
|
bite inhibition |
|
ubiquitous |
|
hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. |
|
man's best friend |
|
meat |
|
dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. |
|
three dog night |
|
acute hearing |
|
cleaning up food scraps |
|
three dog night |
|
cooperative hunting |
|
cooperative hunting |
|
robust sense of smell |
|
domestication of the wolf |
|
Emigrants from Siberia |
|
Emigrants from Siberia |
|
Emigrants from Siberia |
|
12,000 years ago |
|
Athabascan |
|
Apache and Navajo |
|
horse |
|
a four-to-five-month-old puppy |
|
humans and dogs |
|
after World War II |
|
1980s |
|
kept outside more often than they tend to be today |
|
elites |
|
kept outside more often than they tend to be today |
|
1980s |
|
commodification |
|
two major trends in the changing status of pet dogs. |
|
two |
|
commodification |
|
dogs-as-dogs |
|
commodity forms |
|
urine marking |
|
urine marking |
|
18th century |
|
urine marking |
|
urine marking |
|
part of the family |
|
Dog Whisperer. |
|
part of the family |
|
Dog Whisperer |
|
helping with the washing-up |
|
helping with the washing-up |
|
activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, |
|
helping with the washing-up |
|
helping with the washing-up |
|
77.5 million |
|
77.5 million |
|
magnetic resonance imaging |
|
magnetic resonance imaging |
|
magnetic resonance imaging |
|
emotion |
|
MRI |
|
emotional human sounds, |
|
man's best friend |
|
hunt |
|
nets |
|
husky-terrier mix |
|
husky-terrier mix |
|
man's best friend |
|
pointers and hounds |
|
nets |
|
husky-terrier mix |
|
1957 |
|
Service dogs |
|
epileptics |
|
breed shows |
|
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed |
|
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed |
|
externally observable qualities |
|
externally observable qualities |
|
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed |
|
externally observable qualities |
|
ability or health |
|
East Asian countries |
|
taboo. |
|
lungs |
|
western hypocrisy |
|
taboo |
|
medicinal properties |
|
gaejang-guk |
|
gaejang-guk |
|
gaejang-guk |
|
boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. |
|
balance the body's heat during the summer months |
|
boiling dog meat with scallions and chili powder. |
|
4.5 million |
|
17 |
|
26 |
|
4.5 million |
|
17 |
|
Colorado |
|
12.9 |
|
12.9 |
|
children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. |
|
Sharp claws with powerful muscles |
|
Colorado |
|
12.9 |
|
Sharp claws with powerful muscles |
|
86,000 |
|
two-wheeled |
|
two-wheeled vehicles |
|
dog roundworm |
|
Toxocara canis |
|
14% |
|
retinal damage and decreased vision. |
|
roundworm |
|
14 |
|
14% |
|
24 |
|
retinal damage and decreased vision |
|
2005 |
|
absenteeism |
|
2005 |
|
cats |
|
cats |
|
immune-stimulating microorganisms |
|
social |
|
2015 |
|
anxiety |
|
wheelchair users |
|
dogs and other animals |
|
increase social behaviors |
|
increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior |
|
late 18th century |
|
dogs and other animals |
|
dogs and other animals |
|
Animal-assisted therapy |
|
Medical detection dogs |
|
40 times |
|
one part per trillion |
|
40 times |
|
Daisy |
|
three-headed |
|
the gates of Hades. |
|
four-eyed |
|
Kimat |
|
thunder |
|
Persian |
|
three-headed |
|
four-eyed |
|
thunder |
|
Kimat |
|
gates of Naraka. |
|
Yama |
|
bronze dog figurines. |
|
Yama |
|
Naraka |
|
a hunting dog as his mount |
|
bronze dog figurines |
|
unclean |
|
scavengers |
|
Hasan Küçük |
|
leather dog booties |
|
scavengers |
|
Hasan Küçük |
|
Lérida, Spain |
|
not permitted to contact passengers, only their luggage |
|
Christianity, dogs represent faithfulness. |
|
before themselves |
|
feed dogs (and other animals that they own) |
|
faithfulness |
|
kind protectors. |
|
China |
|
kind protectors |
|
on the walls of caves. |
|
Hunting |
|
on the walls of caves |
|
Hunting |
|
individual breeds |
|
humans |
|
French Bulldogs |
|
scavengers |
|
scavengers |
|
pet dogs living in human homes. |
|
human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. |
|
dogs and humans |
|
poorly controlled |
|
less likely |
|
137,000 km (85,000 mi) |
|
137,000 km (85,000 mi) |
|
one world, one dream |
|
Journey of Harmony |
|
one world, one dream |
|
Beijing, China. |
|
"Journey of Harmony" |
|
85,000 mi |
|
March 24 |
|
Panathinaiko Stadium |
|
March 31 |
|
six |
|
Silk Road |
|
Panathinaiko Stadium |
|
March 24 |
|
Panathinaiko Stadium |
|
March 31. |
|
Mount Everest |
|
hundreds |
|
hundreds |
|
advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, |
|
Chinese security officials |
|
Chinese government |
|
the number of supporters |
|
the number of supporters |
|
the number of supporters |
|
couple of skirmishes |
|
Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
global relays |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. |
|
global relays |
|
Beijing Games' Organizing Committee |
|
Beijing Games' Organizing Committee |
|
Lucky Cloud |
|
aluminum. |
|
985 grams |
|
ignition key |
|
Lucky Cloud |
|
aluminum. |
|
37 |
|
2 |
|
propane. |
|
Air China Airbus A330 |
|
Air China Airbus A330 |
|
Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game |
|
137,000 km (85,000 mi) |
|
Air China Airbus A330 |
|
Air China Airbus A330 |
|
Air China Airbus A330 |
|
137,000 km (85,000 mi) |
|
137,000 km (85,000 mi) |
|
six continents |
|
Beijing and Taipei |
|
placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau |
|
six continents |
|
over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. |
|
placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau |
|
24 km |
|
March 24, 2008 |
|
torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. |
|
taekwondo |
|
Maria Nafpliotou |
|
10 |
|
torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. |
|
Maria Nafpliotou |
|
taekwondo |
|
taekwondo |
|
violent confrontations with police |
|
Carrefour |
|
LVMH Group |
|
Nazism's Swastika to the French flag |
|
Kunming |
|
LVMH Group |
|
censorship |
|
Carrefour |
|
People's Daily |
|
People's Daily |
|
People's Daily |
|
Almaty |
|
Nursultan Nazarbaev. |
|
President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. |
|
Astana Square. |
|
Uighur activists |
|
Kazakhstan |
|
Nursultan Nazarbaev. |
|
20 km |
|
Uighur activists |
|
April 3 |
|
Taksim Square |
|
torch relay |
|
Uyghurs |
|
Istanbul |
|
torch relay |
|
started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. |
|
Uyghurs |
|
Several protesters |
|
April 5 |
|
20 |
|
Palace Square |
|
Fedor Emelianenko |
|
Saint Petersburg |
|
20 |
|
Palace Square. |
|
Fedor Emelianenko |
|
London |
|
O2 Arena |
|
£750,000 |
|
London |
|
Wembley Stadium |
|
O2 Arena |
|
30 mi |
|
thugs |
|
e-mailed pleas to boycott the event |
|
Sir Steve Redgrave |
|
Konnie Huq |
|
Gordon Brown |
|
Sir Steve Redgrave |
|
e-mailed pleas to boycott the event |
|
Konnie Huq |
|
Gordon Brown |
|
Ladbroke Grove |
|
April 7 |
|
Eiffel Tower |
|
bus |
|
Teddy Riner |
|
April 7 |
|
Paris |
|
Eiffel Tower |
|
3,000 |
|
five |
|
a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. |
|
Jin Jing |
|
Angel in Wheelchair |
|
Tibetan flag |
|
Jin Jing |
|
Angel in Wheelchair |
|
a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
Notre Dame cathedral |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
the Trocadéro |
|
Jane Birkin |
|
Thupten Gyatso |
|
the Trocadéro |
|
the Trocadéro |
|
Jane Birkin |
|
freedom of speech |
|
a pause in the National Assembly's session |
|
Respect for Human Rights in China |
|
Freedom for Tibet! |
|
French members of Parliament and other French politicians |
|
a pause in the National Assembly's session |
|
Respect for Human Rights in China |
|
Freedom for Tibet! |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
Libération |
|
the Trocadéro |
|
Michèle Alliot-Marie |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
everywhere except on the Trocadéro. |
|
Michèle Alliot-Marie |
|
struck in the face by a police officer |
|
San Francisco |
|
April 9 |
|
Lin Li |
|
San Francisco International Airport |
|
Peter Ueberroth |
|
San Francisco |
|
San Francisco, California |
|
Norman Bellingham |
|
Justin Herman Plaza |
|
Beijing Olympic torch |
|
failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses |
|
April 8 |
|
April 1, 2008 |
|
Beijing Olympic torch |
|
United Nations Plaza |
|
United Nations Plaza |
|
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge |
|
KPIX-CBS5 |
|
China |
|
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge |
|
Laurel Sutherlin |
|
trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance. |
|
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge |
|
a warehouse on a waterfront pier |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
Tibetan flags |
|
San Francisco International Airport |
|
San Francisco International Airport |
|
Van Ness Avenue |
|
April 11 |
|
Lola Mora |
|
Mauricio Macri |
|
Buenos Aires |
|
Lola Mora |
|
Mauricio Macri |
|
the mayor of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri gave the torch to the first torchbearer, Carlos Espnola. |
|
confetti |
|
Jorge Carcavallo |
|
city hall |
|
Free Tibet |
|
Jorge Carcavallo. |
|
city hall |
|
Human Rights Torch. |
|
Free Tibet |
|
Human Rights Torch Relay |
|
Susan Prager |
|
Friends of Falun Gong |
|
Diego Maradona |
|
1200 |
|
water balloons |
|
Friends of Falun Gong |
|
Diego Maradona |
|
1200 |
|
water balloons |
|
water balloons |
|
Dar es Salaam |
|
April 13 |
|
TAZARA Railway |
|
Dar es Salaam |
|
Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium |
|
Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium |
|
China |
|
Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. |
|
Muscat |
|
April 14 |
|
Sulaf Fawakherji |
|
Muscat |
|
20 |
|
Sulaf Fawakherji. |
|
April 16 |
|
Jinnah Stadium |
|
President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani |
|
Islamabad |
|
an indoors ceremony with the torch carried around the track of Jinnah Stadium. |
|
70 |
|
70 |
|
Baichung Bhutia |
|
five |
|
70 |
|
70 |
|
70 |
|
five |
|
Baichung Bhutia |
|
Republic Day celebrations |
|
Nirupama Sen. |
|
Commerce Minister |
|
Kamal Nath |
|
Foreign Ministry |
|
terrorist |
|
terrorist targets. |
|
150,000 |
|
democracy |
|
Tibetan exile |
|
150,000 |
|
protests |
|
Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit |
|
"rapid deterioration" |
|
Tibetan government in exile |
|
Kiran Bedi |
|
Kiran Bedi |
|
Soha Ali Khan |
|
April 16 |
|
Kiran Bedi |
|
Soha Ali Khan |
|
a protest |
|
a protest |
|
caged woman |
|
April 18 |
|
M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse |
|
Chinese Embassy |
|
April 18 |
|
just over 10 km, |
|
arrest foreign protesters |
|
Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakrabongse |
|
April 21 |
|
Kuala Lumpur |
|
Independence Square |
|
1964 |
|
Independence Square |
|
Petronas Twin Towers. |
|
1964 |
|
Special Action Squad |
|
Falun Gong |
|
Falun Gong |
|
a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons |
|
Taiwan and Tibet belong to China. |
|
placards |
|
April 22 |
|
Chinese embassy |
|
invitees and journalists |
|
Jakarta |
|
20 km |
|
security worries |
|
in the streets around the city main's stadium. |
|
Protests |
|
April 24 |
|
Agnes Shea |
|
a message stick |
|
Australian and Chinese officials |
|
Canberra |
|
16 km |
|
16 km |
|
Australian Federal Police. |
|
Agnes Shea |
|
People's Liberation Army |
|
defend our sacred torch |
|
Tony Goh |
|
Stephen Smith |
|
People's Liberation Army |
|
Chinese Students and Scholars Association |
|
Tony Goh |
|
Zhang Rongan |
|
Stephen Smith |
|
Lin Hatfield Dodds |
|
Stephen Smith |
|
Lin Hatfield Dodds |
|
Stephen Smith |
|
Ted Quinlan |
|
between 2,000 and 10,000 |
|
ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope |
|
Ian Thorpe |
|
between 2,000 and 10,000 |
|
between 2,000 and 10,000 |
|
Ted Quinlan |
|
ACT Chief Minister, Jon Stanhope |
|
Nagano |
|
April 26 |
|
Nagano |
|
1998 Winter Olympics |
|
Zenk-ji |
|
municipal building |
|
two Chinese guards |
|
Seoul |
|
1988 Summer Olympics |
|
Olympic Park |
|
Chinese students |
|
Seoul |
|
1988 Summer Olympics |
|
April 28 |
|
Kim Yong Nam |
|
Pak Du Ik |
|
Juche Tower |
|
Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. |
|
Pyongyang on April 28. |
|
the authoritarian regime |
|
Pak Du Ik |
|
concerns that the relay would be used as a propaganda stunt. |
|
North Korea |
|
raising awareness of conditions for children |
|
withdrew their staff |
|
raising awareness of conditions for children |
|
North Korea |
|
April 29 |
|
Ho Chi Minh City |
|
Tan Son Nhat International Airport |
|
Tan Son Nhat International Airport |
|
Tan Son Nhat International Airport |
|
anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. |
|
Spratly and Paracel Islands |
|
China |
|
anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. |
|
Prime Minister Nguyn Tn Dng |
|
"Boycott the Beijing Olympics" |
|
iu Cày |
|
Lê Minh Phiu |
|
"Boycott the Beijing Olympics" |
|
Nguyn Văn Hi |
|
tax evasion. |
|
Lê Minh Phiu |
|
dotted lines |
|
May 2 |
|
Lee Lai Shan |
|
Donald Tsang |
|
Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai |
|
120 |
|
May 2. |
|
Donald Tsang |
|
a dragon boat |
|
120 |
|
celebrities, athletes and pro-Beijing camp politicians. |
|
novelty inflatable plastic Olympic flames |
|
1989 |
|
Christina Chan |
|
a police vehicle |
|
claiming her human rights were breached. |
|
inflatable plastic Olympic flames, which they said symbolised democracy. |
|
Leung Kwok-hung |
|
Christina Chan |
|
The Color Orange democracy group |
|
Pillar of Shame |
|
immigration reasons |
|
Mia Farrow |
|
Legislator Cheung Man Kwong |
|
1989 |
|
Pillar of Shame |
|
immigration reasons |
|
Mia Farrow |
|
May 3 |
|
Macau Fisherman's Wharf |
|
120 |
|
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng |
|
athletes |
|
May 3 |
|
120 |
|
Leong Hong Man and Leong Heng Teng |
|
120 |
|
Macao Daily News |
|
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt |
|
orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com |
|
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt |
|
posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt |
|
The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation |
|
May 4 |
|
Jackie Chan |
|
May 4 |
|
April. |
|
IOC |
|
Jackie Chan. |
|
partial and censored |
|
Chinese netizens have in turn accused Western media coverage of being biased. |
|
Libération |
|
Chinese |
|
partial and censored |
|
Reporters Without Borders |
|
Libération |
|
saboteurs |
|
more disruptive protesters |
|
condemned the protests |
|
Marie-José Pérec |
|
radicals |
|
Marie-José Pérec |
|
Xinhua and CCTV |
|
"Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics |
|
Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinath Singh Rahelu |
|
"Indian torchbearers vow to run for spirit of Olympics |
|
Manavjit Singh Sandhu, Abhinav Bindra, Ayaan Ali Khan and Rajinath Singh Rahelu |
|
The Daily Telegraph |
|
Libération |
|
accusations of Western media bias. |
|
Fu Ying |
|
The Daily Telegraph |
|
Libération |
|
CNN |
|
CNN |
|
insulted |
|
The challenges of reporting in China |
|
Paul Danahar |
|
1,300 |
|
Paul Danahar |
|
censorship |
|
People's Daily |
|
People's Daily |
|
an anti-CNN website |
|
The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. |
|
The site claims to have been created by a Beijing citizen. |
|
foreign correspondents |
|
30 |
|
August 2007 |
|
blue tracksuits |
|
Second Right Brother |
|
30 |
|
August 2007 |
|
blue tracksuits |
|
Second Right Brother |
|
Carrefour |
|
LVMH Group |
|
donating funds to the Dalai Lama |
|
Swastika (due to its conotaions with Nazism) to the French flag |
|
LVMH Group |
|
pro-secessionist conspiracy and anti-Chinese racism. |
|
anti-Japanese protests |
|
People's Daily |
|
Sohu.com |
|
May 1 |
|
anti-Japanese protests in 2005. |
|
People's Daily |
|
anti-Japanese protests |
|
Beijing, Changsha, Fuzhou and Shenzhen |
|
Shoichi Washizawa |
|
great nuisance |
|
vandalised |
|
Shoichi Washizawa |
|
great nuisance |
|
vandalised |
|
8 |
|
8 |
|
Hong Kong |
|
Jin Jing |
|
Chinese torch relay website |
|
Two |
|
Two |
|
metaphysics |
|
mixed |
|
Kurt Gödel |
|
Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem |
|
Whitehead and Russell's book |
|
Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorem |
|
truths of mathematics which could not be deduced from them |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
metaphysics |
|
1916 |
|
ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture |
|
useless |
|
1929 |
|
1912 and 1927 |
|
1929 |
|
1929 |
|
inert ideas |
|
Whitehead |
|
application in actual life |
|
multidisciplinary, value-free school model |
|
multidisciplinary, value-free school model |
|
Whitehead |
|
their application in actual life. |
|
multidisciplinary, value-free school model |
|
undergraduate education |
|
"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." |
|
metaphysicians |
|
Bertrand Russell |
|
undergraduate |
|
profound ignorance |
|
rank amateur |
|
20th century's foremost metaphysicians. |
|
metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." |
|
they remain unexamined and unquestioned |
|
if philosophy and science are to make any real progress |
|
essential to both good science and good philosophy |
|
metaphysical |
|
they remain unexamined and unquestioned |
|
re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works |
|
metaphysical investigations |
|
reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another |
|
events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another |
|
inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience |
|
exclusively material or else exclusively mental |
|
"philosophy of organism" |
|
an event-based or "process" ontology |
|
an event-based or "process" ontology |
|
an event-based or "process" ontology |
|
experiential |
|
process philosophy |
|
materialists |
|
concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" |
|
the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. |
|
a continuum of overlapping events |
|
a "society" of events |
|
active and experiential |
|
change |
|
quality", "matter", and "form" |
|
society |
|
a continuum of overlapping events |
|
discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing |
|
having a "defining essence" or a "core identity" |
|
qualitative and secondary to their core identity |
|
defining essence |
|
occasions of experience |
|
discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space |
|
all things flow" |
|
people define identities |
|
the same things |
|
"material substances" or "essences" |
|
language |
|
thirty |
|
language |
|
language |
|
that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago |
|
an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things |
|
fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything |
|
the relata themselves |
|
It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects. |
|
relations |
|
materialism |
|
distinct and discrete |
|
an inert clump of matter |
|
its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it |
|
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it |
|
it could not be said to really exist |
|
Relations |
|
relations to other entities |
|
if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist. |
|
they are what the thing is |
|
its synthesis of and reaction to the wo rld around it |
|
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it |
|
Europe and China |
|
William Temple |
|
Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 |
|
practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education |
|
ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology |
|
University of Chicago's Divinity School |
|
Henry Nelson Wieman |
|
John B. Cobb |
|
Professors |
|
China |
|
In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization |
|
Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism |
|
process philosophers |
|
emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts |
|
abstraction |
|
the sheer difficulty and density of his prose |
|
passé |
|
philosophical schools |
|
American pragmatism |
|
William James and John Dewey |
|
Nicholas Rescher |
|
Charles Sanders Peirce |
|
Richard Rorty |
|
severely criticized |
|
Henry Stapp and David Bohm |
|
gravitational waves |
|
local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes |
|
a local approximation |
|
Ideas Improving World Order |
|
Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology |
|
Herman Daly |
|
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy |
|
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy |
|
Xie Bangxiu |
|
Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher |
|
"help a person become whole." |
|
Institute for the Postmodern Development of China |
|
Mark Dibben |
|
"applied process thought" |
|
philosophy of management and business ethics |
|
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory |
|
"a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." |
|
mathematics |
|
metaphysics |
|
processes |
|
reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another |
|
Process and Reality |
|
mathematics |
|
mathematics |
|
metaphysics |
|
metaphysical |
|
processes |
|
Ramsgate, Kent, England |
|
1861 |
|
Alfred North's grandfather |
|
Chatham House Academy |
|
Maria Sarah Buckmaster |
|
Ramsgate, Kent, England |
|
1861 |
|
minister and schoolmaster |
|
Maria Sarah Whitehead, |
|
Evelyn |
|
University of London system |
|
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London |
|
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London |
|
1924 |
|
Bachelor of Science degree |
|
Imperial College London |
|
Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London |
|
Imperial College London |
|
1924 |
|
Victor Lowe |
|
his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death |
|
almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy |
|
"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him." |
|
Victor Lowe |
|
Victor Lowe |
|
his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. |
|
right to privacy |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
professional mathematicians |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century |
|
mathematics |
|
three |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
Principia Mathematica |
|
1898 |
|
the associatively multiplicative class |
|
the comparative study of their several structures |
|
G. B. Mathews |
|
Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions |
|
G. B. Mathews |
|
the comparative study of their several structures |
|
a year |
|
ten years |
|
300 |
|
3 |
|
today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica |
|
a year |
|
ten years |
|
three |
|
300 |
|
Cambridge University Press |
|
among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon |
|
Arthur Eddington's lectures |
|
Process and Reality |
|
professional philosophers |
|
Process and Reality |
|
Arthur Eddington's lectures |
|
His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand |
|
Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest |
|
fully grasping all of the details and implications |
|
Henry Nelson Wieman |
|
twenty years |
|
Mathews |
|
Chicago's Divinity School |
|
Henry Nelson Wieman |
|
Henry Nelson Wieman |
|
closely associated with Whitehead's thought. |
|
Though Process and Reality |
|
"that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." |
|
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. |
|
Though Process and Reality |
|
Though Process and Reality |
|
how the universe works |
|
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. |
|
he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions |
|
the absolute principle of existence |
|
not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. |
|
consciousness |
|
fundamental creativity/freedom |
|
the absolute principle of existence |
|
valuation of them and reaction to them |
|
causal or mechanistic laws |
|
"to seize." |
|
the mind only has private ideas about other entities |
|
prehension |
|
Latin |
|
to seize |
|
a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious |
|
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy |
|
electrons |
|
entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them |
|
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension") |
|
senses |
|
delusive |
|
Whitehead |
|
Presentational immediacy |
|
Presentational immediacy |
|
"the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." |
|
unconscious interpretation |
|
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, |
|
symbolic reference |
|
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, |
|
Whitehead |
|
a fusion of pure sense perceptions on the one hand and causal relations on the other, |
|
both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it |
|
a chair |
|
"might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape." |
|
a dog "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such." |
|
"life is comparatively deficient in survival value." |
|
they are actively engaged in modifying their environment |
|
living, living well, and living better |
|
increasing its own satisfaction |
|
comparatively deficient in survival value |
|
they are actively engaged in modifying their environment |
|
three |
|
increasing its own satisfaction |
|
totally unintelligible |
|
"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them." |
|
"the brief Galilean vision of humility" |
|
"the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." |
|
power |
|
religion |
|
primordial nature of God |
|
the consequent nature |
|
dipolar |
|
required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities. |
|
God's reception of the world's activity |
|
God saves and cherishes all experiences forever |
|
the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved. |
|
the way God interacts with the world |
|
finite creatures |
|
actuality and change |
|
eternally unrealized possibilities |
|
God and the world as fulfilling one another |
|
God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe |
|
taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time |
|
individual |
|
"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious." |
|
a system of general truths that transformed a person's character |
|
a "dangerous delusion" |
|
solitariness |
|
"the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals." |
|
meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community |
|
The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself |
|
mutually dependent |
|
through the work of his students and admirers |
|
Bruno Latour |
|
Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs |
|
Willard Van Orman Quine |
|
"he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror." |
|
American progressive theology |
|
Charles Hartshorne |
|
process theology |
|
John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller |
|
God's relational nature |
|
temporal events |
|
why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God? |
|
respond to the world |
|
C. Robert Mesle, |
|
biology and economics |
|
poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory |
|
both a theologian and a geneticist |
|
Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist |
|
process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests |
|
"an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." |
|
a system of general truths about the world |
|
a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society |
|
to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people. |
|
organizational theory and organizational behavior |
|
an ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference." |
|
Stout and Jeannine M. Love |
|
over-priced (under-yielding) investments |
|
conflict of interest |
|
volume of client assets under management. |
|
maximize their compensation |
|
plausible deniability |
|
Countrywide Financial |
|
July 11, 2008 |
|
IndyMac |
|
seventh largest |
|
IndyMac Bancorp |
|
April 2008 |
|
9.27% |
|
downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds |
|
downgraded the ratings on a significant number of Mortgage-backed security (MBS) bonds |
|
minimum 10% |
|
Senator Charles Schumer |
|
Senator Charles Schumer |
|
$18.9 billion |
|
June 30 |
|
$500 million |
|
7.5% |
|
7.5% |
|
$10.7 billion |
|
Senator Charles Schumer |
|
unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated |
|
IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB |
|
US$100,000 |
|
10,000 |
|
July 11, 2008 |
|
July 14, 2008 |
|
Over 100 |
|
Bear Stearns |
|
September and October 2008 |
|
Oct. 6, 2008 |
|
Lehman Brothers |
|
money market funds |
|
commercial paper |
|
September 2008 |
|
$7.1 billion |
|
4.65% |
|
the implosion of the shadow banking system |
|
the implosion of the shadow banking system |
|
investment banks |
|
shadow banking |
|
nearly one-third |
|
the collapse of the shadow banking system |
|
Brookings Institution |
|
securitization |
|
would take a number of years of strong profits |
|
more than a quarter |
|
more than a quarter |
|
20% |
|
$8.8 trillion |
|
$8.8 trillion |
|
a homeowner who has no equity |
|
$6 trillion |
|
Tens of millions |
|
their future profits |
|
Profit prospects |
|
fears of a global economic collapse |
|
UBS |
|
three quarters |
|
three |
|
interest rate cuts |
|
more than a third |
|
14.4% |
|
14.4% |
|
spending too much and borrowing too much |
|
recession |
|
3–4% |
|
$251 billion |
|
300,000 |
|
sound economic policymaking and good governance |
|
falls in trade |
|
Arab World |
|
Foreign Direct Investment |
|
significant cushion against the global downturn |
|
lower oil prices |
|
lower oil prices |
|
10.1% |
|
33 |
|
6% |
|
10.1% |
|
patent applications |
|
faulty risk-weightings |
|
AAA-rated |
|
Basel III |
|
excessive lending to risky governments |
|
capital ratios |
|
June 2009 |
|
June 2009 |
|
2008 |
|
More Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over." |
|
January 27, 2010 |
|
"emerging" and "developing" economies |
|
31% |
|
"emerging" and "developing" economies |
|
31% |
|
"emerging" and "developing" economies |
|
Krugman |
|
December 2010 |
|
2006 |
|
commercial mortgage-backed securities |
|
commercial real estate |
|
mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation |
|
$70 trillion |
|
roughly doubled |
|
mortgage-backed security and the collateralized debt obligation |
|
$70 trillion |
|
collateralized debt obligation |
|
collateralized debt obligation |
|
investment-grade |
|
cash payments from multiple mortgages or other debt obligations |
|
higher rate of return |
|
20% |
|
20% |
|
1.3 million |
|
2.3 million |
|
14.4% |
|
1.0% |
|
deflation |
|
credit |
|
excessive credit growth |
|
Lower interest rates |
|
$650 billion |
|
current account deficit |
|
emerging economies in Asia and oil-exporting nations |
|
balance of payments |
|
foreign funds |
|
raised the Fed funds rate |
|
adjustable-rate mortgage |
|
asset prices |
|
raised the Fed funds rate |
|
U.S. housing and financial assets |
|
Richard M. Bowen III |
|
Richard M. Bowen III |
|
1,600 |
|
1,600 |
|
80% |
|
Clayton Holdings |
|
scarcely 54% |
|
28% |
|
28% |
|
900,000 |
|
Predatory lending |
|
Countrywide Financial |
|
adjustable rate mortgage |
|
negative amortization |
|
low interest rates |
|
adjustable rate mortgages |
|
adjustable rate mortgages |
|
home equity had disappeared |
|
the Office of Thrift Supervision |
|
weak credit |
|
Paul Krugman |
|
Paul Krugman |
|
unconventional business practices |
|
Paul Krugman |
|
unconventional business practices |
|
leveraged |
|
complex financial instruments |
|
virtually impossible |
|
made it virtually impossible to reorganize financial institutions in bankruptcy |
|
complex financial instruments |
|
significantly increased their financial leverage |
|
financial shock |
|
Changes in capital requirements |
|
$4.1 trillion |
|
Lehman Brothers |
|
saving more during adverse economic conditions |
|
paradox of thrift |
|
cause or deepen a recession |
|
Hyman Minsky |
|
significant declines in the value of their assets |
|
Janet Yellen |
|
recession |
|
recession |
|
cancelling planned investments and laying off workers |
|
balance sheet deleveraging |
|
financial innovation |
|
adjustable-rate mortgage |
|
CDS |
|
credit default swaps |
|
expanded dramatically |
|
2007 |
|
$20 billion |
|
$20 billion |
|
subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt |
|
$20 billion |
|
boom in innovative financial products |
|
multiplied |
|
computer models |
|
computer models |
|
In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, |
|
interest rates or fees |
|
pricing of risk |
|
a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures |
|
straightforward, readily understandable format |
|
a lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures |
|
risk inherent with financial innovation |
|
For a variety of reasons |
|
approximately 32 cents on the dollar |
|
approximately five cents for every dollar |
|
JPMorgan |
|
AIG |
|
credit default swaps |
|
September 2008 |
|
over $180 billion |
|
a promise to pay money to party A |
|
George Soros |
|
financial assets became more and more complex |
|
the originators of synthetic products |
|
George Soros |
|
risks were much smaller |
|
World Scientific |
|
Merrill Lynch |
|
Merrill Lynch |
|
propose models rectifying some of the copula limitations |
|
Merrill Lynch |
|
Timothy Geithner |
|
Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets |
|
entities in the "parallel" banking system |
|
shadow banking system |
|
maturity mismatch |
|
securitization markets |
|
2008 |
|
More than a third |
|
Brookings Institution |
|
would take a number of years of strong profits |
|
Mark Zandi |
|
Mark Zandi |
|
close to $2 trillion |
|
less than $150 billion |
|
Federal Reserve's TALF program |
|
Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices |
|
tripled |
|
tripled |
|
monetary policy |
|
gasoline |
|
former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets |
|
IntercontinentalExchange |
|
former director of the CFTC Division of Trading & Markets |
|
European and U.S. authorities |
|
London and New York |
|
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt |
|
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt |
|
feminist economics and ecological economics |
|
Ailsa McKay and Margunn Bjrnholt |
|
Raghuram Rajan |
|
Raghuram Rajan |
|
Alan Greenspan |
|
"Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?" |
|
tail risks |
|
Raghuram Rajan |
|
Great Moderation |
|
12 |
|
the Austrian economic school |
|
the Austrian economic school |
|
BusinessWeek |
|
BusinessWeek |
|
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania's online business journal |
|
Nouriel Roubini |
|
"Dr. Doom" |
|
Nassim Nicholas Taleb |
|
David Brooks |
|
2007 |
|
establishment view |
|
Phil Dow |
|
54.7% |
|
54.7% |
|
Floyd Norris |
|
Northern Rock |
|
Bank of England |
|
September 2007 |
|
February 2008 |
|
Northern Rock |
|
IndyMac |
|
Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral |
|
IndyMac |
|
Alt-A |
|
resisted efforts to regulate its involvement in those loans or tighten their issuing criteria |
|
half |
|
63 percent |
|
77 |
|
77 |
|
half |
|
the European Commission at Brussels |
|
0.1% |
|
1.0% |
|
0.3% |
|
3% |
|
lower wages and higher unemployment |
|
enacted large fiscal stimulus packages |
|
lender-of-last-resort |
|
lender-of-last-resort |
|
lower wages and higher unemployment |
|
credit freeze |
|
US$2.5 trillion |
|
$1.5 trillion |
|
another monetary policy |
|
emerging markets |
|
Barack Obama |
|
consumer protection |
|
limiting the ability of banks to engage in proprietary trading. |
|
Paul Volcker |
|
Paul Volcker |
|
May 2010 |
|
December 2009 |
|
Volcker Rule |
|
Senate |
|
bailout of banks |
|
trillions of U.S. dollars |
|
August 9, 2007 |
|
2012 |
|
BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds |
|
2004 |
|
2008 and early 2009 |
|
the theory that housing prices would continue to escalate |
|
easy access to loans for subprime borrowers, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages |
|
easy access to loans for subprime borrowers, providing easier access to loans for subprime borrowers, overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages |
|
Levin–Coburn Report |
|
Glass-Steagall Act |
|
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission |
|
credit rating agencies |
|
credit rating agencies and investors |
|
collateralized debt obligations |
|
collateralized debt obligations |
|
subprime MBS |
|
financial innovation |
|
mortgage payments and housing prices |
|
trillions |
|
foreclosure |
|
The ongoing foreclosure epidemic |
|
Defaults and losses on other loan types |
|
The ongoing foreclosure epidemic |
|
investment banks and hedge funds |
|
investment banks and hedge funds |
|
financialization |
|
1970s |
|
1970s |
|
significant debt burdens |
|
slowing economic activity |
|
commercial paper |
|
Governments |
|
large loan defaults or MBS losses |
|
January 2011 |
|
widespread failures in financial regulation |
|
Federal Reserve |
|
excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street |
|
excessive borrowing and risk by households and Wall Street |
|
riskier mortgages |
|
2003 |
|
2004–2007 |
|
2004–2007 |
|
relatively conservative government-sponsored enterprises |
|
government affordable housing policy |
|
Paul Krugman |
|
government affordable housing policy |
|
GSE loans |
|
government affordable housing policy |
|
6 |
|
over $2 trillion |
|
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac |
|
Peter J. Wallison |
|
6 |
|
accounting discrepancies |
|
safety and soundness of the GSEs |
|
September 10, 2003 |
|
never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, |
|
accounting discrepancies |
|
$467 billion |
|
$467 billion |
|
$467 billion |
|
25% |
|
25% |
|
1995 |
|
$4.5 trillion |
|
the faulty and self-serving assumption that high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans. |
|
delay between CRA rule changes (in 1995) and the explosion of sub prime lending |
|
terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 |
|
investment banks and hedge funds |
|
investment banks and hedge funds |
|
Portfolio Magazine |
|
investment banks and hedge funds |
|
credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs |
|
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans |
|
low or no downpayments |
|
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans |
|
1997–2007 |
|
Krugman |
|
160 |
|
Saint-Barthélemy Channel |
|
Turtle rocks |
|
Renaissance |
|
Île Chevreau |
|
Saint-Barthélemoise |
|
French |
|
500–700 |
|
French |
|
geographically, and not racially |
|
Saint Martin |
|
nineteen |
|
March 2012 |
|
15 July 2007 |
|
nineteen |
|
September 2014 |
|
St. Barthélemy became an overseas territory of the European Union |
|
One |
|
21 September 2008 |
|
six policemen and thirteen gendarmes |
|
difficult |
|
Sweet potato |
|
salt |
|
vegetables, cotton, pineapples, salt, bananas and also fishing |
|
the port of Gustavia |
|
the rich and famous |
|
200,000 |
|
€61,200,000 |
|
International investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists |
|
by airplane or boat |
|
25 |
|
58 |
|
Brazil and Portugal |
|
12 |
|
400 |
|
cacti and succulent |
|
eastern |
|
indigenous species |
|
mangroves |
|
Pacific islands |
|
5 to 7 m |
|
cereus |
|
South America |
|
1773 |
|
5 to 7 m |
|
December till May |
|
December till May. |
|
Turtles |
|
jellyfish |
|
tall sea grasses |
|
pearly-pink |
|
on the reefs |
|
close to the shore line |
|
ghost crabs, |
|
eat garbage and sewerage |
|
1.200 |
|
coral reefs, seagrass and endangered marine species including sea turtles |
|
Anchoring |
|
1.200 |
|
Anchoring |
|
the Swedes |
|
Gustav Adolph |
|
1787 |
|
a modern military building |
|
on the far side of La Pointe |
|
over 70 |
|
hotels |
|
les petits creux |
|
spicier |
|
gastronomic events |
|
every alternate year |
|
Concarneau |
|
10 m |
|
10 m |
|
two |
|
Gustaf III Airport |
|
regional commercial aircraft and charters |
|
Princess Juliana International Airport |
|
Sint Maarten |
|
Gustaf III Airport |
|
France |
|
Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy |
|
St. Barts or St. Barths in English |
|
Ouanalao |
|
Puerto Rico |
|
9,035 |
|
9,035 |
|
Gustavia |
|
Swedish |
|
the winter holiday season |
|
Guadeloupe |
|
2003 |
|
2007 |
|
Hotel de la Collectivité |
|
senator |
|
Colombier Bay |
|
Grande Saline Bay |
|
coral reef |
|
shallow |
|
marine reserve |
|
"Anse de..." etc. |
|
"Anse de..." etc. |
|
"Anse de..." etc. |
|
"Anse de..." etc. |
|
windsurfing |
|
arid |
|
2,500 |
|
1000 mm |
|
May to November |
|
13 °C |
|
1744 |
|
1785 |
|
Carénage |
|
Gustavia |
|
neutral |
|
St. Barts Municipal Museum |
|
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy |
|
Gustavia |
|
French, Swedish and British |
|
ancestral costumes, antique tools, models of Creole houses |
|
molecular biology and genetics |
|
RNA |
|
RNA |
|
Hans Winkler |
|
professor of botany |
|
University of Hamburg |
|
biome, rhizome |
|
the gamete has half the number of chromosomes of the somatic cell |
|
meiosis |
|
mitochondria and chloroplasts |
|
genomics |
|
single genes or groups of genes |
|
sequenced |
|
C-value paradox |
|
protozoan causing trichomoniasis |
|
60,000 |
|
almost three times |
|
Walter Fiers |
|
Bacteriophage MS2 |
|
Fred Sanger |
|
The Institute for Genomic Research |
|
1996 |
|
US National Institutes of Health |
|
a mouse |
|
puffer fish |
|
December 2013 |
|
130,000 |
|
massive parallel sequencing |
|
Manteia Predictive Medicine |
|
James D. Watson |
|
the structure of DNA |
|
a genome sequence |
|
The Human Genome Project |
|
Jean Weissenbach |
|
Jean Weissenbach |
|
Genome composition |
|
evolutionary history |
|
prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
|
repetitive DNA |
|
mammals and plants |
|
sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe |
|
a virus |
|
plasmids |
|
plants, protozoa and animals |
|
plastome |
|
mitochondrial genome |
|
Genome size |
|
morphological complexity |
|
repetitive DNA act |
|
single cell organisms |
|
in vivo and in silico |
|
Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes |
|
length of non-repetitive DNA |
|
length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size |
|
lower eukaryotes |
|
C. elegans and fruit fly |
|
no more than 20% |
|
tandem repeats and interspersed repeats |
|
length of repetitive DNA |
|
slippage |
|
slippage |
|
mammalian |
|
integrate |
|
TEs |
|
retrotransposons |
|
DNA transposons |
|
RNA |
|
cut and paste |
|
Class 2 |
|
karyotype |
|
chromosome number |
|
Duplications |
|
creation of genetic novelty |
|
Horizontal gene transfer |
|
microbes |
|
eukaryotic cells |
|
comprehensive school |
|
selective school system |
|
Wales |
|
90% |
|
German Gesamtschule |
|
design and technology and vocational learning |
|
Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges |
|
City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes |
|
164 |
|
1965 |
|
neighbourhood |
|
Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges |
|
1970s |
|
7 to 16 |
|
comprehensive |
|
college preparatory |
|
Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur |
|
less than 1% |
|
less than 1% |
|
Sekundarschule in Berlin |
|
Sekundarschule in Berlin |
|
2010/2011 |
|
college preparatory classes |
|
Abitur |
|
the Hauptschule |
|
grade inflation |
|
Barbara Sommer |
|
Sigrid Beer |
|
Christian Democratic Union |
|
Alliance '90/The Greens |
|
Gesamtschulen |
|
middle class peers |
|
a Hauptschule |
|
Helmut Fend |
|
tripartite system |
|
1972 |
|
sixth form |
|
A-levels |
|
Comprehensive schools |
|
Patrick Hillery |
|
vocational school system |
|
community school |
|
the secular community model of the 1970s |
|
The state |
|
denominational basis of the schools |
|
Community colleges |
|
1946 |
|
Walworth School |
|
Walworth School |
|
1949 |
|
Tividale Comprehensive School |
|
Anthony Crosland |
|
1965 |
|
Virtual bipartite system |
|
Margaret Thatcher |
|
prohibitively expensive |
|
Margaret Thatcher |
|
11-plus |
|
large neighbourhood comprehensives |
|
Sandwell and Dudley |
|
Sandwell and Dudley |
|
James Callaghan |
|
Comprehensive school |
|
James Callaghan |
|
1988 Education Reform Act |
|
1988 |
|
specialisation |
|
league tables of school performance |
|
Scotland |
|
specialist schools |
|
2005 |
|
Scotland |
|
Wales |
|
République du Congo |
|
Cameroon |
|
Cameroon |
|
Cameroon |
|
Central Africa |
|
Bantu |
|
1960 |
|
Denis Sassou Nguesso |
|
Denis Sassou Nguesso |
|
fourth largest |
|
unequal distribution of oil revenues |
|
Bantu-speaking peoples |
|
1500 BC |
|
Bantu |
|
Diogo Co |
|
Portuguese |
|
Bantu kingdoms |
|
late 19th century |
|
19th |
|
1880 |
|
Pierre de Brazza |
|
Middle Congo |
|
French Equatorial Africa |
|
14,000 |
|
Brazzaville |
|
1944 |
|
1946 |
|
Fourth Republic |
|
1958 |
|
revision of the French constitution |
|
Republic of the Congo |
|
1959 |
|
August 15, 1960 |
|
Fulbert Youlou |
|
Alphonse Massamba-Débat |
|
Fulbert Youlou |
|
Alphonse Massamba-Débat. |
|
Massamba-Débat |
|
scientific socialism |
|
Cuban army |
|
September 1968 |
|
Marien Ngouabi |
|
the People's Republic of the Congo |
|
Congolese Labour Party |
|
1972 |
|
March 16, 1977 |
|
Sassou Nguesso |
|
Soviet Union |
|
dictatorship |
|
patronage |
|
Pascal Lissouba |
|
IMF |
|
enhanced structural adjustment facility |
|
enhanced structural adjustment facility |
|
Sassou |
|
Cobras |
|
Angolan socialist régime |
|
October |
|
Andre Milongo |
|
seven years |
|
January 2002 |
|
April 2003 |
|
Sassou |
|
Congolese Observatory of Human Rights |
|
very low |
|
multi-party |
|
Congolese Labour Party |
|
Parti Congolais du Travail |
|
corruption revelations |
|
110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France |
|
Sassou Nguesso |
|
Sassou Nguesso |
|
the government |
|
one |
|
one |
|
Pygmies |
|
pets |
|
December 30, 2010 |
|
4°N and 5°S |
|
11° and 19°E |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
Cameroon and the Central African Republic |
|
Angola |
|
Brazzaville |
|
Congo River |
|
Kinshasa |
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Kouilou-Niari |
|
Kouilou-Niari River |
|
Kouilou-Niari |
|
Forests |
|
Equator |
|
24 °C (75 °F) |
|
16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F) |
|
June to August |
|
researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society |
|
Sangha Region |
|
inhospitable swamps |
|
Petroleum extraction |
|
budget problems and overstaffing |
|
Petroleum extraction |
|
65% |
|
65% |
|
rapidly rising oil revenues |
|
rapidly rising oil revenues |
|
devaluation of Franc Zone currencies |
|
devaluation of Franc Zone currencies |
|
June 1997 |
|
slumping oil prices |
|
December 1998 |
|
stimulating recovery and reducing poverty |
|
diamonds |
|
2007 |
|
gold, iron and phosphate |
|
Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa |
|
200,000 hectares |
|
Transport in the Republic of the Congo |
|
1930s |
|
Paris |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
|
southwest |
|
70% |
|
62 |
|
Kongo |
|
2% |
|
12% |
|
about 9,000 |
|
French |
|
300 |
|
Catholics |
|
22.3% |
|
19.9% |
|
1.6% |
|
Followers of Islam |
|
8.9% |
|
2.8% |
|
$30 |
|
20 |
|
560 |
|
Female genital mutilation |
|
560 |
|
16 |
|
44% |
|
baccalaureate |
|
French |
|
prime minister |
|
prime minister |
|
minority |
|
Westminster system |
|
ceremonial |
|
The prime minister |
|
royal prerogative |
|
a member of parliament |
|
First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service |
|
Benjamin Netanyahu |
|
Cardinal Richelieu |
|
Cardinal Richelieu |
|
prime minister of France |
|
Louis XIV |
|
18th |
|
Sir Robert Walpole |
|
Clarendon |
|
Clarendon |
|
Clarendon |
|
the monarch |
|
the monarch |
|
Harley and St John |
|
Clarendon |
|
Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch |
|
Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch |
|
House of Commons |
|
Anne |
|
Anne |
|
Hanover |
|
twenty-one years |
|
Whig |
|
doctrine of cabinet solidarity |
|
resign |
|
Lord Melbourne |
|
Walpole |
|
complexity and expense |
|
Benjamin Disraeli |
|
1905 |
|
constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president |
|
Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah |
|
1970 |
|
Bahrain |
|
Finland |
|
Finland |
|
Premier of the State Council |
|
Taiwan |
|
the legislature |
|
(political) cohabitation |
|
force the resignation of the government |
|
the process of his/her appointment |
|
appointment and dismissal |
|
just one place |
|
Zngl |
|
the Constitution Act |
|
1982 |
|
composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers |
|
Czech Republic's constitution |
|
first decade of the twentieth century |
|
First Lord of the Treasury |
|
1905 |
|
Margaret Thatcher |
|
1979 |
|
1990 |
|
reshuffle her cabinet |
|
'renominated' |
|
the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament |
|
every general election |
|
the lower house of parliament |
|
by giving a right to block supply to upper houses |
|
Where they lose a vote of confidence |
|
prime minister |
|
prime minister and his or her government |
|
prime minister |
|
1918 |
|
Taoiseach |
|
Taoiseach |
|
cabinet |
|
if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party |
|
Rosh HaMemshalah |
|
Rosh HaMemshalah |
|
President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno) |
|
Rosh HaMemshalah |
|
president of the council of ministers |
|
statsminister |
|
premier |
|
Germany and Austria |
|
Minister of State |
|
Secretary of State |
|
not actually a head of state, but the head of the government |
|
Excellency |
|
Right Honourable |
|
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council |
|
Canada |
|
Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh |
|
First Minister |
|
Pradhan Mantri |
|
Wazir-e-Azam |
|
Grand Vizier |
|
Cabinet Office |
|
Cabinet Office |
|
IT |
|
early 19th century |
|
École Polytechnique |
|
Greek |
|
polytechnic |
|
the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary |
|
after World War II |
|
Collegium Carolinum |
|
1794 |
|
institutions of higher education |
|
1992 |
|
University of Westminster |
|
Regent Street |
|
polytechnics and institutes of technology |
|
University of Technology |
|
College of Advanced Education system |
|
TAFE |
|
Melbourne Polytechnic |
|
2009 |
|
seven |
|
Fachhochschule |
|
bachelor's degrees and master's degrees |
|
ammattikorkeakoulu |
|
academization |
|
four |
|
three |
|
Cambodia |
|
Affiliate Schools |
|
Quebec |
|
public funding |
|
Polytechnics Canada |
|
collaborative institute-industry projects |
|
Imperial Tientsin University |
|
Capital University |
|
about half |
|
1997 |
|
The Geophysics Institute |
|
Quito Astronomical Observatory |
|
National Polytechnic School |
|
1873 |
|
cobalt-60 |
|
the country's development |
|
Provisional Governing Board |
|
Instituts de technologie of French-speaking areas and Technische Universität of Germany |
|
180 |
|
normal university |
|
academic universities in Finland |
|
"university of applied sciences" |
|
yrkeshögskola |
|
engineering schools or multi-site clusters of French grandes écoles |
|
institut universitaire de technologie |
|
IUT |
|
Fachhochschule |
|
Escola Politécnica |
|
French education system |
|
Escola Politécnica |
|
1970s |
|
specific professions |
|
business |
|
TU |
|
research |
|
RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München |
|
nine |
|
17 |
|
17 |
|
Saxony |
|
Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule |
|
N.1404/1983 Higher Education Reform Act |
|
The Hong Kong Polytechnic |
|
1972 |
|
1984 |
|
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology |
|
1994 |
|
the Court Chamber of Vienna |
|
the Court Chamber of Vienna |
|
the Court Chamber of Vienna |
|
30 |
|
30 |
|
AICTE |
|
a specific academic award usually awarded in technical or vocational courses |
|
four |
|
three |
|
Regional Technical College |
|
Trinity College |
|
Politecnico |
|
two |
|
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia |
|
Imperial College of Engineering |
|
sciences |
|
44 |
|
UNESCO |
|
Ipoh |
|
87,440 |
|
87,440 |
|
87,440 |
|
University of Technology, Mauritius |
|
technology |
|
Education Act 1989 |
|
Universal College of Learning |
|
Education Act 1989 |
|
Wellington Polytechnic |
|
1990s |
|
Central Institute of Technology |
|
North Island |
|
Auckland University of Technology |
|
10th grade |
|
to train people in various trades |
|
three years |
|
BE |
|
4 years full-time program after finishing 13 years of education (international high school certificate) |
|
Politechnika |
|
short-cycle degrees |
|
Bologna Process |
|
Millennia Institute |
|
5 |
|
three |
|
Banská Akadémia |
|
1735 |
|
Banská Akadémia |
|
1764 |
|
teaching |
|
Technikons |
|
1993 |
|
2004 |
|
technical colleges |
|
bachelor's degrees |
|
Pathumwan Institute of Technology |
|
Rajamangala University of Technology |
|
Institute of Technology and Vocational Education |
|
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology |
|
Mahanakorn University of Technology |
|
1989 |
|
Mahanakorn University of Technology |
|
Bursa Technical University |
|
six |
|
Ankara and Trabzon |
|
1970 |
|
UK Council for National Academic Awards |
|
Central Institutions |
|
1838 |
|
"Institute of Technology" |
|
Loughborough University |
|
1960s |
|
Further and Higher Education Act 1992 |
|
CNAA |
|
regional colleges |
|
"technical institute" or "technical school" |
|
"technical institute" or "technical school" |
|
1824 |
|
New York University Tandon School of Engineering |
|
middle class |
|
1950s |
|
Caracas |
|
Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio |
|
The Wayback Machine |
|
the Internet Archive |
|
San Francisco |
|
Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat |
|
three dimensional index |
|
archiving cached pages of web sites |
|
if the content has changed |
|
to archive the entire Internet |
|
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show |
|
Mr. Peabody and Sherman |
|
WABAC machine |
|
1996 |
|
crawlers |
|
robots exclusion standard |
|
Archive-It.org |
|
Kahle |
|
Kahle |
|
fifth anniversary |
|
University of California, Berkeley |
|
twenty-four months |
|
twenty-four months |
|
variable |
|
the Open Directory |
|
Jeff Kaplan |
|
November 2010 |
|
three petabytes |
|
12 terabytes/month |
|
PetaBox rack systems |
|
Capricorn Technologies |
|
2009 |
|
Sun Open Storage |
|
Sun Microsystems' California campus |
|
2011 |
|
March 2011 |
|
2008 |
|
2010 |
|
Save a Page |
|
October 2013 |
|
Chordiant Software Inc. |
|
robots.txt |
|
robots.txt |
|
defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site |
|
Chordiant |
|
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd |
|
San Jose Division |
|
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd |
|
Telewizja Polska |
|
Dish Network |
|
Magistrate Judge Arlander Keys |
|
Ronald Guzman |
|
examining a patent application |
|
authoritative statement of the archivist |
|
technical limitations |
|
submitting screen shots of web pages |
|
fill out forms |
|
fill out forms |
|
copyright laws |
|
the content creator |
|
FAQ |
|
Scientology |
|
the site owner |
|
lawyers from the Church of Scientology |
|
Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey |
|
Healthcare Advocates |
|
Internet Archive |
|
copyright infringement as well as violations of the DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act |
|
Robots.txt |
|
Robots.txt |
|
Robots.txt |
|
ask us to stop crawling or archiving |
|
$100,000 |
|
$100,000 |
|
United States District Court for the Northern District of California |
|
dismissed |
|
April 25, 2007 |
|
Suzanne Shell |
|
Suzanne Shell |
|
DMCA |
|
Federal Court of Canada |
|
United Provinces (Verenigde Provincin), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata) |
|
1795 |
|
the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands |
|
the Low Countries |
|
Flanders |
|
House of Habsburg |
|
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V |
|
1568 |
|
Philip's efforts to modernize and centralize the devolved-medieval government structures of the provinces |
|
In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, |
|
In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, |
|
Act of Abjuration |
|
declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II. |
|
they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army |
|
the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp |
|
a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583 |
|
10 July 1584 |
|
Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England |
|
1588 |
|
1783–1795 |
|
France |
|
the Batavian Republic |
|
1813 |
|
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 |
|
Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège |
|
the Dutch Republic |
|
The County of Holland |
|
1602 |
|
Rotterdam |
|
Rotterdam |
|
Amsterdam |
|
Between 1590–1712 |
|
Africa and the Pacific |
|
Indian Ocean and in the Orient |
|
seven |
|
federal government |
|
representatives of each of the seven provinces |
|
County of Drenthe |
|
exempt from paying federal taxes |
|
raadspensionaris |
|
the stadtholder |
|
the stadtholder |
|
the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province |
|
William the Silent |
|
Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland. |
|
Orangists |
|
Republicans |
|
Peace of Westphalia |
|
federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden) |
|
Venlo, after 1715) |
|
The States General of the United Provinces |
|
Holland and/or Zeeland |
|
The framers of the US Constitution |
|
James Madison |
|
declaration of independence of the United Provinces |
|
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579 |
|
Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion |
|
William of Orange |
|
the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic. |
|
the Reformed Church |
|
time period and regional or city leaders |
|
banned from the city |
|
freedom of religion |
|
predestination |
|
Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants |
|
Synod of Dort |
|
Beginning in the 18th century |
|
private churches |
|
Symbiosis |
|
mutualistic relationship in lichens |
|
Heinrich Anton de Bary |
|
"de Bary" definition |
|
obligate |
|
facultative |
|
fungal and photosynthetic |
|
mistletoe |
|
disjunctive symbiosis |
|
endosymbiosis |
|
10%–15% of insects |
|
Frankia |
|
10%–15% |
|
barnacles |
|
lice |
|
exosymbiosis |
|
interspecies reciprocal altruism |
|
lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact |
|
mutualistic gut flora |
|
Coral reefs |
|
fix carbon from the air |
|
fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, |
|
mutual symbiosis |
|
mucus |
|
mutual symbiosis |
|
goby fish |
|
the goby fish |
|
bryozoans and hermit crabs |
|
Galapagos Islands |
|
nutrition |
|
Galapagos Islands |
|
nutrients |
|
producing some specialized cells |
|
to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts |
|
drastic reduction in its genome size |
|
Muller's ratchet phenomenon |
|
lack of selection mechanisms prevailing in the rich environment |
|
com- and mensa, |
|
Commensalism |
|
inquilinism |
|
metabiosis |
|
phoresy |
|
A parasitic relationship |
|
necrotrophic |
|
biotrophic |
|
as many as half |
|
a tick |
|
Amensalism |
|
antibiosis |
|
omnipresent |
|
juglone |
|
Spanish ibex and weevils |
|
shrub |
|
Amensalism |
|
Synnecrosis |
|
death |
|
uncommon |
|
to protect the hive |
|
endosymbiotic |
|
plants, animals, fungi, and protists |
|
endo symbiosis |
|
Margulis and Dorion Sagan |
|
Symbiosis |
|
nectar and large sticky pollen |
|
dependent |
|
Forces armées canadiennes |
|
National Defence Act |
|
Canadian Armed Forces |
|
les Forces canadiennes |
|
four |
|
National Defence Act |
|
Elizabeth II |
|
Governor General of Canada |
|
Chief of the Defence Staff |
|
Armed Forces Council. |
|
Cold War |
|
Europe |
|
contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat |
|
1950s |
|
1990s |
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
|
2002 |
|
out of area |
|
Canada First Defence Strategy |
|
2008 |
|
six core missions |
|
six core missions |
|
the Canadian Armed Forces |
|
Canadian Defence Attachés |
|
System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces |
|
the Canadian Armed Forces |
|
outreach and relationship-building efforts |
|
1867 |
|
French and British forces |
|
aided in the defence of their respective territories against attacks by other European powers |
|
defence of their respective territories |
|
United States |
|
British Crown-in-Council |
|
Halifax |
|
1906 |
|
Department of Militia and Defence |
|
November 1940 |
|
Second Boer War |
|
several units were raised to serve under British command |
|
First World War |
|
Second World War |
|
Korean War |
|
more than 200 |
|
more than 200 |
|
Kosovo War |
|
United Nations Peacekeeping operations |
|
an aircraft carrier |
|
Normandy Landings |
|
strategic bombing of German cities |
|
Battle of Vimy Ridge |
|
Croatia |
|
Canada |
|
Soviet Union |
|
third-largest |
|
1 February 1968 |
|
Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force |
|
Canadian Corps |
|
1931 |
|
First World War |
|
Canadian Armed Forces |
|
1980s |
|
2013 |
|
Canadian Forces |
|
Land Forces |
|
2011 |
|
ISAF |
|
Government of Afghanistan |
|
Land Forces |
|
$20.1 billion |
|
$20.1 billion |
|
119,000 |
|
2020 |
|
124,000 |
|
Canada First Defence Strategy |
|
purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness |
|
rate of loss of existing members |
|
main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) |
|
medium range transport aircraft fleet |
|
CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters |
|
2006 |
|
medicine, communication, logistics, and administration |
|
1971 |
|
vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers |
|
replenishment ships |
|
Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
|
infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery |
|
5 February 1987 |
|
Minister of National Defence |
|
Combat-Related Employment of Women |
|
1989 |
|
submarine service |
|
100 percent |
|
Jean Chretien |
|
mixed-gender force |
|
combat boots |
|
brassiere undergarments |
|
senior-ranking personnel |
|
Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces |
|
governor general |
|
troop deployment and disposition orders |
|
either the monarch or governor general |
|
his or her ministers in Cabinet |
|
115,349 |
|
Chief of the Defence Staff |
|
Chief of the Defence Staff |
|
Ottawa, Ontario |
|
Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. |
|
27 |
|
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu |
|
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School |
|
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax |
|
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax |
|
Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax |
|
all over the world |
|
the Commander of the Canadian Army |
|
four divisions |
|
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division |
|
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division |
|
the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division |
|
3 |
|
one |
|
A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance |
|
A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance |
|
Major training and support establishments |
|
Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force |
|
Winnipeg |
|
eleven |
|
Wings |
|
Manitoba |
|
Winnipeg and North Bay |
|
Geilenkirchen, Germany |
|
NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen |
|
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador |
|
RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) |
|
a chain of forward operating locations |
|
fighter operations |
|
CF-18 |
|
CF-18 |
|
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command |
|
Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command |
|
cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget |
|
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command |
|
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command |
|
generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC |
|
CFB Trenton |
|
Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit |
|
the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks |
|
CFS Leitrim in Ottawa |
|
CAF Cyber Task Force, |
|
Director General Cyber |
|
Director General Cyber |
|
Canadian Armed Forces |
|
the Surgeon General |
|
the Surgeon General |
|
national emergency or threat |
|
50,000 |
|
Chief of Reserves and Cadets |
|
NDHQ |
|
Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service |
|
Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service |
|
Cadet Instructors Cadre |
|
on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List) |
|
arctic |
|
arctic |
|
arctic |
|
Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory |
|
service dress |
|
gloves, swords, and medals |
|
operational dress |
|
Approved parkas |
|
ceremonial/regimental full dress |
|
ballcap |
|
the distinctive uniform worn |
|
The beret |
|
CG634 helmet |
|
The Constitution of Canada |
|
3,000 |
|
the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. |
|
assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses |
|
cardinal |
|
ninth century |
|
ninth century |
|
cardinal |
|
College of Minor Canons |
|
deacons |
|
8th |
|
decree of a synod of 769 |
|
Nicholas II |
|
Papal Bull In nomine Domini |
|
1244 |
|
Pope Innocent IV |
|
church men |
|
747 |
|
1567 |
|
747 |
|
747 |
|
1567 |
|
1567 |
|
1563 |
|
Pope Pius IV |
|
1563 |
|
Pope Pius IV |
|
French kings |
|
secular affairs. |
|
Cardinal Richelieu |
|
Cardinal Richelieu |
|
Henry, King of Portugal |
|
70 |
|
six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. |
|
Pope John XXIII |
|
120 |
|
twenty-five |
|
120 |
|
set no limit on the number of cardinals generally |
|
a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees |
|
The Dean of the College of Cardinals |
|
Ostia |
|
1630 |
|
Pope Urban VIII |
|
Prince |
|
crowned monarchs |
|
Pope Urban VIII |
|
"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]" |
|
Cardinal [First name] [Surname] |
|
"Cardinal" |
|
Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis |
|
they do not belong to the Roman clergy |
|
the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order |
|
the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order |
|
1378 |
|
1378 |
|
concordate |
|
the cardinalate |
|
Cardinal bishops |
|
cardinals of the episcopal order |
|
Cardinal bishops |
|
Roman priest |
|
apostolic succession |
|
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. |
|
Cardinal Bishop of Ostia. |
|
seven |
|
1914 |
|
Pope Pius X |
|
Velletri |
|
1962 |
|
Ostia |
|
Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome |
|
1962 |
|
Ostia |
|
Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome |
|
College of Cardinals |
|
the pope |
|
a gold ring |
|
kissed |
|
wide-brimmed hat called a galero. |
|
1969 |
|
scarlet biretta |
|
scarlet |
|
willingness to die for his faith |
|
cassock, mozzetta, and biretta |
|
bird of the same name |
|
1460s |
|
expires |
|
Pope Martin V |
|
marry |
|
priests or bishops |
|
priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals |
|
ordination |
|
1962 |
|
1917 |
|
1962 |
|
College of Cardinals |
|
cardinal protodeacon |
|
Vatican City State |
|
1978 |
|
cardinal deacons |
|
over 50 |
|
10 years |
|
about half |
|
one third |
|
the seven deacons in the Papal Household |
|
cardinal deacons |
|
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests |
|
Brazil |
|
the Pope |
|
title of a suburbicarian see |
|
Cardinal priests |
|
cardinal bishops |
|
Cardinal priests |
|
pope |
|
a titular church in Rome |
|
1587 |
|
70 |
|
Pope John XXIII |
|
Indo-European |
|
Indo-Iranian languages |
|
Indo-European language family |
|
400 BCE |
|
Middle Persian |
|
86 |
|
Proto-Iranian |
|
Persian and Sanskrit |
|
1836 |
|
Christian Lassen |
|
Indo-Aryan |
|
1878 |
|
Proto-Iranian |
|
Central Asia |
|
Andronovo |
|
2000 BC |
|
Thracian, Balto-Slavic |
|
southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia |
|
Middle Iranian |
|
two |
|
the Behistun inscription |
|
circa 520 BC |
|
4th century BC |
|
Avestan |
|
vohu daena |
|
Rigvedic Sanskrit |
|
Old Persian |
|
Kurdish |
|
Scythian |
|
Old Avestan |
|
Old Persian |
|
Old Avestan |
|
* and *d |
|
Proto-Indo-Iranian first-series palatal consonants |
|
Nuristani languages |
|
*w and *dw |
|
consonant clusters |
|
other distinct dialect groups |
|
Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian |
|
Old Parthian |
|
9th century |
|
Western and Eastern |
|
Bactrian, Sogdian, Khwarezmian, Saka, and Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) |
|
Avestan |
|
Aramaic |
|
Greek script |
|
Pahlavi |
|
3rd |
|
Latin |
|
Syriac script |
|
Islam |
|
Dari |
|
The Saffarid dynasty |
|
875 CE |
|
Khorasan |
|
Arabic |
|
second half of the 8th century |
|
1920s |
|
Cyrillicized |
|
the Soviet government |
|
Khuzestan |
|
Arabic |
|
6th century AD |
|
Saka as Ossetic |
|
Saka as Ossetic |
|
Daylighting |
|
psychological |
|
save energy |
|
artificial light |
|
illumination |
|
Daylighting |
|
illumination |
|
psychological |
|
save energy |
|
illumination |
|
light fixtures |
|
Indoor lighting |
|
Indoor lighting |
|
light fixtures |
|
Indoor lighting |
|
1939 |
|
Recessed lighting |
|
400,000 BCE |
|
birds and fish |
|
campfires or torches |
|
Lascaux caves |
|
incandescent |
|
1800s |
|
Segmented |
|
Lighting fixtures |
|
to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare |
|
lumen per watt |
|
daylight |
|
daylight |
|
blue-white |
|
blue-white |
|
task |
|
Lightolier |
|
A master transformer |
|
cable lighting |
|
12 or 24 volts |
|
torchiere |
|
portable or table lamp |
|
task lighting |
|
a dark nightclub |
|
1960s and 1970s |
|
accent lighting |
|
a row of small lights |
|
LED based versions |
|
low wattage, low voltage lamps in a track or translucent tube |
|
Street Lights |
|
photovoltaic |
|
Floodlights |
|
roadways |
|
Entry lights |
|
red |
|
white or selective yellow lights |
|
1950s |
|
White rear-facing reversing lamps |
|
Flashing turn signals |
|
light bulbs |
|
electrical energy |
|
wax candle |
|
800 lumens |
|
architectural lighting design |
|
wn |
|
Radiance |
|
tabular data |
|
Daylight factor calculation. |
|
materials used on walls and furniture |
|
materials used on walls and furniture |
|
Photometric studies |
|
computer |
|
stage lighting |
|
candela (cd) |
|
cd/m2 |
|
stilb |
|
lumen (lm) |
|
luminosity function |
|
Lux |
|
Unified Glare Rating |
|
correlated color temperature |
|
correlated color temperature |
|
CRI |
|
CCT |
|
gamut area index |
|
GAI |
|
a |
|
an individual's or an object's exposure to something in the environment, |
|
Daysimeter |
|
Daysimeter |
|
30 days |
|
circadian |
|
Specification of illumination requirements |
|
Lighting control systems |
|
easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems |
|
ZigBee |
|
no need to run control wires) |
|
Occupancy sensors |
|
changes in heat |
|
Ultrasonic |
|
When motion can no longer be detected, |
|
Daylighting |
|
lack of information |
|
LEDs |
|
nonimaging optics |
|
higher lighting levels |
|
Alzheimer's Disease |
|
24 |
|
circadian cycle |
|
Robert Ulrich |
|
no |
|
no |
|
University of Toronto Scarborough |
|
University of Toronto Scarborough |
|
Dr. Abraham Gesner |
|
1849 |
|
coal-gas |
|
mercury |
|
not all of them are suitable for dimming. |
|
10% |
|
50,000 |
|
up to 50,000 hours |
|
70% |
|
Light pollution |
|
glare |
|
searchlights and flares |
|
light |
|
infrared cameras |
|
Flares |
|
Flares |
|
The International Commission on Illumination |
|
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America |
|
ANSI and ASHRAE |
|
photometric data |
|
International Association of Lighting Designers |
|
Professional Lighting Designers Association |
|
Professional Lighting Designers Association |
|
NCQLP |
|
National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions |
|
LC |
|
CLEP and CLMC |
|
Professional Lighting And Sound Association |
|
UK |
|
Professional Lighting And Sound Association |
|
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive |
|
The Spirit of the Laws |
|
The Spirit of the Laws |
|
the United States Constitution |
|
system of checks and balances |
|
separation of powers |
|
John Locke |
|
Thomas Hobbes |
|
Montesquieu |
|
United States Constitution |
|
John Locke |
|
Thomas Hobbes |
|
Montesquieu |
|
Strict separation of powers |
|
parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government |
|
separate and distinct |
|
United Kingdom |
|
Court of Appeals |
|
Congress |
|
Clinton v. City of New York |
|
Clinton v. City of New York |
|
Congress |
|
nondelegation doctrine |
|
Clinton v. City of New York |
|
Clinton v. City of New York |
|
Wayman v. Southard |
|
1825 |
|
Chief Justice John Marshall |
|
legislative |
|
Wayman v. Southard |
|
Chief Justice John Marshall |
|
1930s |
|
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 |
|
1935 |
|
1935 |
|
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States |
|
Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy |
|
Senate |
|
impeachment |
|
quasi-judicial |
|
Executive |
|
the President |
|
impeachment |
|
Congress |
|
restrain executive officials to the performance of their duties |
|
INS v. Chadha |
|
1983 |
|
two-thirds |
|
Supreme Court |
|
good behavior |
|
Senate |
|
constitutional courts |
|
Judicial power |
|
good behavior |
|
Senate |
|
legislative courts |
|
exercise the judicial power of the United States |
|
The Vice President |
|
two-thirds |
|
The Vice President |
|
president |
|
president |
|
commander in Chief of the Army and Navy |
|
Congress |
|
Senate |
|
executive branch and the legislative branch |
|
Marbury v. Madison |
|
the Supreme Court |
|
Congress |
|
the Supreme Court |
|
The Chief Justice |
|
James Madison |
|
Federalist 51 |
|
dominance of one of the three branches |
|
John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and John Quincy Adams |
|
one |
|
twelve |
|
Andrew Jackson |
|
twenty-nine |
|
Tenure of Office Act |
|
Grover Cleveland |
|
Grover Cleveland |
|
Panama Refining v. Ryan, |
|
Panama Refining v. Ryan, |
|
national security |
|
checks and balances |
|
the Supreme Court |
|
Florida Supreme Court |
|
Florida Supreme Court |
|
cultural symbols |
|
architectura |
|
arkhitekton |
|
Architectural works |
|
their surviving architectural achievements |
|
arkhitekton |
|
"chief" and "builder" |
|
the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures |
|
cultural symbols and as works of art |
|
Historical civilizations |
|
De architectura |
|
Vitruvius |
|
early 1st century AD. |
|
firmness, commodity and delight. |
|
De architectura |
|
Vitruvius |
|
architect |
|
firmitas, utilitas, venustas |
|
firmness, commodity and delight |
|
16th century |
|
Vasari |
|
Italian, French, Spanish and English |
|
three |
|
Leon Battista Alberti |
|
proportion |
|
Golden mean |
|
style |
|
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin |
|
1836 |
|
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin |
|
1836 |
|
the modern, industrial world |
|
Gothic |
|
John Ruskin |
|
John Ruskin |
|
art critic |
|
1849 |
|
to his mental health, power, and pleasure |
|
a building is not truly a work of architecture |
|
aesthetic |
|
it is in some way "adorned" |
|
rustication |
|
Le Corbusier |
|
Le Corbusier |
|
Architect |
|
Le Corbusier |
|
touch my heart |
|
happy |
|
Function |
|
aesthetic, psychological and cultural |
|
Vitruvius |
|
all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building |
|
skepticism |
|
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. |
|
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. |
|
rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology. |
|
poststructuralism |
|
late 20th century |
|
sustainability |
|
environment |
|
non-sustainable power sources |
|
shelter, security, worship |
|
human cultures |
|
craft |
|
architecture |
|
needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials |
|
vernacular buildings |
|
Anatolia |
|
trial and error |
|
vernacular architecture |
|
mostly rural |
|
Anatolia |
|
Anatolia |
|
Egypt and Mesopotamia |
|
Egypt and Mesopotamia |
|
the divine and the supernatural |
|
monumentality |
|
Shilpa Shastras |
|
Shilpa Shastras |
|
7th–5th centuries BCE |
|
Shilpa Shastras |
|
Shilpa Shastras |
|
pantheistic religion |
|
Buddhist architecture |
|
3rd century BCE |
|
expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm |
|
the Shastras |
|
Buddhist |
|
pantheistic religion |
|
the pointed arch |
|
7th century CE |
|
Middle East and Byzantium |
|
Islamic architecture |
|
the pointed arch |
|
the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. |
|
abbeys and cathedrals |
|
clerics and tradesmen |
|
clerics and tradesmen |
|
clerics and tradesmen |
|
900 CE onwards |
|
Renaissance Humanism |
|
1400 onwards |
|
Renaissance Europe |
|
Renaissance Humanism |
|
Renaissance Humanism |
|
artist, architect and engineer |
|
Architecture |
|
Architecture |
|
cost estimation |
|
Nunzia Rondanini |
|
Through its aesthetic dimension |
|
social life |
|
social development |
|
Nunzia Rondanini |
|
a purposeless quest for perfection or originality |
|
a purposeless quest for perfection or originality |
|
form |
|
civic ideals |
|
civic ideals |
|
civic ideals |
|
Architectural "style" |
|
ancient time |
|
specific formal prescriptions |
|
canons |
|
Roman |
|
religious |
|
written contracts |
|
written contracts |
|
ecclesiastical buildings |
|
Magister lathomorum |
|
the Classical style |
|
generalist |
|
aesthetics |
|
technical aspects of building design |
|
Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial |
|
context and feasibility |
|
offices of other architects |
|
mass production and consumption |
|
ornamented products |
|
Aesthetics |
|
pattern books and architectural journals |
|
current architectural design |
|
revivalist architecture |
|
Modern Architecture |
|
1907 |
|
to produce better quality machine made objects |
|
Bauhaus school |
|
avant-garde |
|
middle and working classes |
|
the rapidly declining aristocratic order |
|
functionalist |
|
functionalist |
|
Frank Lloyd Wright |
|
Robie House and Fallingwater |
|
Frank Lloyd Wright |
|
the Industrial Revolution |
|
steel-frame construction |
|
International Style |
|
Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center |
|
Minoru Yamasaki |
|
decorative richness |
|
Brutalism, |
|
concrete |
|
modernism and Brutalism |
|
metaphoric architecture |
|
biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture |
|
metaphoric |
|
expressionist architecture |
|
late 1950s and 1960s |
|
modernism |
|
Charles Moore |
|
Robert Venturi |
|
Robert Venturi |
|
1980s |
|
one person |
|
Modernism and Postmodernism |
|
Environmental sustainability |
|
environment |
|
Frank Lloyd Wright |
|
Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn |
|
U.S. Green Building Council |
|
Metaphoric architecture |
|
solitary housing estates |
|
architectural tradition and classical design |
|
modernist and globally uniform architecture |
|
life expectancy, education, and income per capita |
|
longer |
|
Mahbub ul Haq |
|
United Nations Development Programme |
|
longer |
|
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index |
|
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index |
|
the IHDI is the actual level of human development |
|
the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development |
|
Mahbub ul Haq |
|
Amartya Sen |
|
people-centered policies |
|
Mahbub ul Haq |
|
Mean years of schooling |
|
Mean years of schooling |
|
5-year-old |
|
5-year-old |
|
United Nations Development Programme |
|
December 14, 2015 |
|
estimates for 2014 |
|
July 24, 2014 |
|
estimates for 2013 |
|
Inequality |
|
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index |
|
Cuba |
|
very high |
|
the lack of necessary data |
|
North Korea |
|
March 14, 2013 |
|
estimates for 2012 |
|
Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index |
|
Barbados |
|
Barbados |
|
The 2011 Human Development Report |
|
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan |
|
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan, Taiwan |
|
the unavailability of certain crucial data |
|
North Korea |
|
November 4, 2010 |
|
the United Nations Development Program |
|
income, life expectancy, and education |
|
New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of China (Taiwan), Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Qatar, Bahrain and Barbados |
|
the unavailability of certain crucial data |
|
Cuba |
|
High Human Development country |
|
October 5, 2009 |
|
2007 |
|
Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development |
|
very high human development |
|
developed countries |
|
not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication |
|
statistical update |
|
without an accompanying Human Development Report |
|
2006 |
|
November 27, 2007 |
|
Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world |
|
2005 |
|
2005 |
|
Braslia, Brazil |
|
decrease in HDI of high income countries |
|
below 0.5 |
|
Africa |
|
119th |
|
121st |
|
Gabon and South Africa |
|
0.8 |
|
Brazil |
|
Seven |
|
red arrows |
|
red arrows |
|
Blue dash es |
|
Japan |
|
Iceland |
|
national performance and ranking |
|
Western |
|
alleged ideological biases |
|
alleged ideological biases |
|
11%, 21% and 34% |
|
cut-off values |
|
The Economist |
|
230+ |
|
230+ |
|
Mediterranean Europe |
|
Iberian peninsula |
|
Balkan |
|
Iberian peninsula |
|
political, economic, and cultural attributes |
|
geography, climate, and flora |
|
Turkey |
|
Turkey |
|
pine forests |
|
Spain and Italy |
|
north coast |
|
Atlantic climate |
|
phytochoria |
|
Armen Takhtajan |
|
classical antiquity |
|
classical antiquity |
|
Alexander the Great |
|
Rome |
|
Constantinople |
|
Germanic |
|
AD 476 |
|
Western Roman Empire |
|
Byzantine Empire |
|
Germanic |
|
kingdoms and empires of their own |
|
the Crusades |
|
1204 |
|
Genoa and Venice |
|
The Reconquista |
|
Byzantine Empire |
|
The Late Middle Ages |
|
Black Death |
|
Ottoman Empire |
|
1453 |
|
the 14th century |
|
Florence |
|
science and theology |
|
the 14th century |
|
1648 |
|
1648 |
|
Spain and France |
|
Galileo Galilei |
|
Guglielmo Marconi |
|
colonial empires |
|
Columbian Exchange |
|
manufacturing |
|
New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain |
|
1815 and 1871 |
|
Ottoman Empire |
|
1870 |
|
The Age of Empire |
|
rise of nationalism |
|
1918 |
|
the Big Four |
|
Adolf Hitler |
|
Adolf Hitler |
|
Adolf Hitler |
|
Mussolini |
|
the Warsaw Pact |
|
The European Union |
|
market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism |
|
1989 |
|
1991 |
|
2013 |
|
Romance languages |
|
San Marino, and the Vatican |
|
eastern Spain |
|
Galician |
|
over 40 million |
|
Greek |
|
Cyprus |
|
Macedonian |
|
Macedonian |
|
Slovenia |
|
English |
|
Spanish |
|
Maltese |
|
Albanian |
|
Maltese |
|
northern Spain and southwestern France |
|
Christianity |
|
380 AD |
|
Roman Catholic |
|
Greek Orthodox |
|
a classification of regions |
|
statistical convenience |
|
Southern Europe, as grouped for statistical convenience by the United Nations (the sub-regions according to the UN), includes following countries and territories: |
|
Tourism Decision Metrics |
|
Tourism Decision Metrics |
|
BBC Television |
|
2 November 1936. |
|
1932 |
|
2 November 1936 |
|
2 November 1936. |
|
commercial |
|
one of the world's largest television production companies |
|
Baird Television Ltd. |
|
Long Acre, London |
|
Baird Television Ltd. |
|
June 1932 |
|
30 March 1930 |
|
Broadcasting House, London |
|
advances in all-electronic television systems |
|
advances in all-electronic television systems |
|
16 Portland Place, London |
|
February 1934 |
|
a converted wing of Alexandra Palace |
|
a converted wing of Alexandra Palace |
|
240 |
|
405 |
|
Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI |
|
six months |
|
Farnsworth image dissector cameras |
|
Saturday 13 February 1937 |
|
40 kilometres |
|
40 kilometres |
|
40 kilometres |
|
a British television set |
|
Brookmans Park |
|
2 August 1932 |
|
Opening of the BBC Television Service |
|
coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth |
|
September 1939 |
|
the government was concerned that the VHF transmissions would act as a beacon to enemy aircraft |
|
radar programme |
|
Mickey's Gala Premier |
|
before the end of the cartoon |
|
18,999 |
|
Jasmine Bligh |
|
7 June 1946 |
|
Lime Grove Studios |
|
Mickey Mouse |
|
Birmingham |
|
Sutton Coldfield transmitting station |
|
Birmingham |
|
VHF |
|
BBC tv |
|
ITV |
|
23 November 1963 |
|
Alexandra Palace |
|
ITV |
|
BBC2 |
|
massive power failure |
|
Battersea Power Station |
|
Denis Tuohy |
|
BBC Two |
|
15 November 1969 |
|
soap opera or standard news programming |
|
Sir David Attenborough |
|
Sir David Attenborough |
|
Tom and Jerry |
|
2000 |
|
Tom and Jerry |
|
CBBC |
|
BBC Natural History Unit |
|
1950s |
|
Life on Earth, The Private Life of Plants, The Blue Planet, The Life of Mammals, Planet Earth and Frozen Earth |
|
fifteen |
|
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland |
|
local announcers |
|
major local events |
|
Give My Head Peace |
|
Give My Head Peace |
|
Gaelic |
|
Erpa and Dè a-nis? |
|
Patrick Kielty Almost Live |
|
25% |
|
The Simpsons |
|
The Simpsons |
|
teletext |
|
1974 |
|
BBCi |
|
May 2003 |
|
Astra 2D satellite |
|
14 July |
|
£85 million |
|
Western Europe |
|
Hollywood studios and sporting organisations |
|
Scottish Premier League |
|
Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football |
|
5 July 2004 |
|
DVD |
|
fiftieth anniversary |
|
Little Angels |
|
Jana Bennett |
|
BBC Vision |
|
new media outlets and technology |
|
2008 |
|
November 2008 |
|
Keeping Up Appearances |
|
Keeping Up Appearances |
|
Keeping Up Appearances |
|
annually |
|
advertisements and subscription |
|
2013 |
|
Danny Cohen |
|
Danny Cohen. |
|
December 2004 |
|
December 2004 and April 2006 |
|
December 2004 |
|
July 30, 1947 |
|
Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger |
|
2003 |
|
15 |
|
Mr. Olympia |
|
Conan the Barbarian |
|
Mr. Olympia |
|
Arnie |
|
2011 |
|
Republican |
|
Gray Davis |
|
January 5, 2007 |
|
Styria, Austria |
|
Jadrny |
|
Aurelia Schwarzenegger |
|
chief of police |
|
Meinhard |
|
refrigerator |
|
soccer |
|
13 |
|
police officer |
|
Steve Reeves |
|
May 20, 1971 |
|
Patrick |
|
stroke |
|
Barbara Baker |
|
Fortune |
|
Mr. Universe |
|
Junior Mr. Europe |
|
1966 |
|
London |
|
Reg Park |
|
improving the muscle definition and power in his legs |
|
business school |
|
Rolf Putziger |
|
10 |
|
21 |
|
New York |
|
Ric Drasin |
|
LA Weekly |
|
The Education of a Bodybuilder |
|
international marketing of fitness and business administration |
|
Transcendental Meditation |
|
Transcendental Meditation |
|
Arnold Classic |
|
Muscle & Fitness |
|
$250,000 |
|
executive editor |
|
Junior Mr. Europe |
|
Lee Haney |
|
half an hour |
|
Munich stone-lifting contest |
|
1969 |
|
Sergio Oliva |
|
1970 |
|
23 |
|
Franco Columbu |
|
1975 |
|
Mr. Olympia |
|
Pumping Iron |
|
Stay Hungry |
|
Jeff Bridges |
|
Conan |
|
seven weeks |
|
seven weeks |
|
anabolic steroids |
|
Dr. Willi Heepe |
|
$10,000 |
|
The Globe |
|
Hercules |
|
"Arnold Strong |
|
Robert Altman |
|
Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year |
|
my body was 'too weird |
|
1991 |
|
1980 |
|
The Incredible Hulk |
|
The Villain |
|
Conan the Destroyer |
|
1984 |
|
James Cameron |
|
Sylvester Stallone |
|
1987 |
|
Twins |
|
$10 million |
|
Christmas in Connecticut |
|
Tales from the Crypt |
|
Terminator 2: Judgment Day |
|
National Association of Theatre Owners |
|
True Lies |
|
Junior |
|
$150 million |
|
82 |
|
Forum Stadtpark |
|
The Kid & I |
|
Governator |
|
Stan Lee |
|
With Wings as Eagles |
|
Randall Wallace |
|
May 20 |
|
10 years |
|
The Expendables 2 |
|
Terminator Genisys |
|
Terminator Genisys |
|
2004 |
|
"Stop the Madness" |
|
Republican |
|
Republican |
|
Conan the Republican |
|
1999 |
|
The Hollywood Reporter |
|
August 6, 2003 |
|
"Total Recall" |
|
Gray Davis |
|
Cruz Bustamante |
|
1.3 million |
|
31% |
|
John G. Downey |
|
Willie Brown |
|
Hans and Franz |
|
four |
|
four |
|
Susan Kennedy |
|
Phil Angelides |
|
Gavin Newsom |
|
United States Senate |
|
Wendy Leigh |
|
Eunice and Sargent Shriver |
|
Sylvester Stallone |
|
1983 |
|
Austrian |
|
John McCain |
|
Rudy Giuliani |
|
environment and economy |
|
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington |
|
89% |
|
23% |
|
Gropegate |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
bathing suit |
|
GQ |
|
marijuana |
|
Anna Richardson |
|
they tried to tarnish her reputation |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
1968 |
|
Peter Pilz |
|
September 27, 2006 |
|
utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants |
|
2020 |
|
Northeast |
|
solar |
|
2009 |
|
carbon dioxide |
|
Detroit |
|
Article II, Section I, Clause V |
|
New York Post |
|
Michael Dorf |
|
index cards |
|
30 |
|
Franco Columbu |
|
San Fernando earthquake |
|
$10,000 |
|
Planet Hollywood |
|
2000 |
|
Hard Rock Cafe |
|
Dimensional Fund Advisors |
|
Columbus, Ohio |
|
Oak Productions, Inc. |
|
Simon & Schuster |
|
Schatzi On Main |
|
Santa Monica |
|
little treasure |
|
1998 |
|
2011 |
|
$38 million |
|
2006 |
|
polite society |
|
six to eight months |
|
Sue Moray |
|
Maria Shriver |
|
August 1978 |
|
television journalist |
|
Hyannis |
|
Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger |
|
Heather Milligan |
|
25 |
|
Los Angeles Times |
|
20 years |
|
Joseph |
|
KNX 1070 radio |
|
Bob Kaufman |
|
Schwarzenegger |
|
did not include spousal support |
|
Brigitte Nielsen |
|
bicuspid |
|
1997 |
|
Harley Davidson |
|
right femur |
|
Sun Valley, Idaho |
|
smoke |
|
6'2" |
|
Herb Wesson |
|
Bob Mulholland |
|
Total Recall |
|
"The Secret" |
|
October 2012 |
|
1992 |
|
two |
|
silver |
|
6,300 lb (2,900 kg) |
|
$21,000 |
|
California Hydrogen Highway Network |
|
U.S. Department of Energy |
|
Inner City Games Foundation |
|
Shanghai |
|
over 250,000 |
|
Sol Price School of Public Policy |
|
2012 |
|
chairman |
|
60 |
|
Tamar |
|
Tamar |
|
Devon |
|
Tamar |
|
Mount Batten |
|
Sutton |
|
1620 |
|
1642 and 1646 |
|
the Pilgrim Fathers |
|
Devonport |
|
1928 |
|
Plymouth Blitz |
|
1967 |
|
East Stonehouse |
|
261,546 |
|
30th |
|
Plymouth City Council |
|
Santander |
|
Plymouth University |
|
TAMARI OSTIA |
|
Middle Iron Age |
|
mouth/estuaries of the Tamar |
|
Barbican |
|
south town |
|
1211 |
|
King Henry VI |
|
mouth of the River Plym |
|
1340 |
|
Breton raiders |
|
1596 |
|
Sutton Pool |
|
1512 |
|
Sir John Hawkins |
|
Sir Francis Drake |
|
1588 |
|
1620 |
|
1620 |
|
Parliamentarians |
|
Parliamentarians |
|
Freedom Fields Park |
|
1660 |
|
Drake's Island |
|
sugar or tobacco |
|
trading |
|
Stoke Damerel |
|
Tamar |
|
318 |
|
318 |
|
Stoke Damerel |
|
coal |
|
Devonport |
|
a series of neo-classical urban developments |
|
John Foulston |
|
Union Street |
|
China Clay |
|
China Clay |
|
China Clay |
|
John Smeaton |
|
2 |
|
John Rennie |
|
1841 |
|
1812 |
|
Devonport |
|
guano |
|
Devonport |
|
Scapa Flow |
|
Royal Navy |
|
Mount Batten |
|
Royal Australian Air Force |
|
Devonport |
|
59 |
|
more than 1,000 |
|
more than 1,000 |
|
Sir Patrick Abercrombie |
|
over 1000 |
|
over 1000 |
|
the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre |
|
the modernist high rise of the Civic Centre |
|
Devonport Dockyard |
|
1971 |
|
42 Commando of the Royal Marines |
|
Domesday Book |
|
Domesday Book |
|
Sudtone |
|
1254 |
|
1439 |
|
Nancy Astor |
|
Plymouth Sutton |
|
18 October 1928 |
|
Plympton |
|
Plympton and the parish of Plymstock |
|
Michael Foot |
|
Michael Foot |
|
1974 Health and Safety at Work Act |
|
Michael Foot |
|
Plymouth |
|
1971 |
|
1971 |
|
Tamarside |
|
1 April 1974 |
|
Banham Commission |
|
South West England |
|
Johnny Mercer |
|
Johnny Mercer |
|
Plymouth Moor View |
|
17 |
|
57 |
|
Each year a third of the council is up for election for three consecutive years |
|
Brest |
|
2001 |
|
King George V |
|
six |
|
Conservative Party and the Labour Party |
|
Dr John Mahony |
|
3 Elliot Terrace |
|
Lady Astor |
|
£40m |
|
£40m |
|
£40m |
|
River Tamar |
|
River Tamar |
|
Devon and Cornwall |
|
Plymouth Sound |
|
1967 |
|
Cattewater |
|
1814 |
|
Drake's Island |
|
30.83 |
|
155 |
|
Site of Special Scientific Interest |
|
Lower Devonian slates |
|
Middle Devonian |
|
Upper Devonian slates and shales |
|
its geology |
|
Middle Devonian |
|
Dartmoor |
|
Tamar |
|
middle Devonian |
|
Middle Devonian |
|
27 April 1944 |
|
Sir Patrick Abercrombie |
|
Armada Way |
|
David MacKay |
|
28 |
|
temperate oceanic climate |
|
52 |
|
3 and 4 °C |
|
rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, |
|
July and August |
|
Atlantic depressions |
|
autumn and winter |
|
39 |
|
June to August |
|
autumn and winter |
|
1,600 |
|
South West England |
|
89 |
|
26.6 °C |
|
4.25 |
|
8.8 °C |
|
8.8 °C |
|
25,895 |
|
22nd largest |
|
3,000 |
|
£160 million |
|
Polytechnic South West |
|
The University of St Mark & St John |
|
teacher training |
|
Plymouth College of Art |
|
approximately 26,000 |
|
153 |
|
153 |
|
two |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
71 |
|
Plymouth College |
|
Devonport High School for Girls |
|
Royal Naval Engineering College |
|
1910 |
|
Dockyard Technical College |
|
1994 |
|
University of Southampton |
|
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |
|
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences |
|
National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute |
|
Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership |
|
National Marine Aquarium |
|
256,384 |
|
240,720 |
|
15,664 |
|
2.3 |
|
0.5 |
|
5,169 million GBP |
|
5,169 million GBP |
|
£19,943 |
|
£23,755 |
|
7.0% |
|
26.2% |
|
78.3 |
|
78.3 |
|
78.3 |
|
12,000 |
|
12,000 |
|
1793 |
|
Plymouth Gin |
|
1930s |
|
Devonport Dockyard |
|
Devonport Dockyard |
|
270 |
|
almost 3,000 |
|
Hemsley Fraser |
|
1959 |
|
1959 |
|
29th |
|
The Tinside Pool |
|
£3.4 million |
|
David Mackay |
|
David Mackay |
|
David Mackay |
|
33,000 |
|
33,000 |
|
Charles Cross |
|
October 2006 |
|
Cattedown |
|
2003 |
|
David Mackay |
|
Bretonside bus station |
|
Millbay |
|
Millbay |
|
The Parkway |
|
about 40 miles (65 km) |
|
Tamar Bridge |
|
Plymouth City Airport |
|
First South West |
|
Brittany Ferries |
|
Roscoff |
|
MV Armorique |
|
Stonehouse |
|
1204 |
|
Plymouth City Airport |
|
6 |
|
2018 |
|
FlyPlymouth |
|
1877 |
|
Great Western Railway |
|
Tamar Valley Line and Cornish Main Line |
|
Three |
|
Great Western Railway |
|
4 February 2014 |
|
130 |
|
4 April 2014 |
|
4 February 2014 |
|
about 150 |
|
1858 |
|
St Andrew's (Anglican) |
|
Anglican |
|
thirteen |
|
Moses |
|
1762 |
|
1762 |
|
1762 |
|
0.8% |
|
0.8% |
|
32.9% |
|
24.7% |
|
7% |
|
1815 |
|
Charlie Chaplin |
|
30s |
|
Royal Navy |
|
British Firework Championships |
|
Roy Lowry |
|
Roy Lowry |
|
University of Plymouth |
|
the 29 Commando Regiment |
|
1,315 |
|
200 |
|
Plymouth City Council |
|
Plymouth City Council |
|
1961 |
|
BBC South West |
|
Radio Plymouth |
|
16 February 2009 |
|
Radio Plymouth |
|
BBC Radio Devon |
|
Plymouth Argyle F.C. |
|
Football League Two |
|
Home Park |
|
The Pilgrims |
|
Vospers Oak Villa F.C. |
|
third tier of Professional English Rugby |
|
third tier of Professional English Rugby |
|
third tier of Professional English Rugby |
|
Plymouth Pavilions |
|
1983 |
|
1823 |
|
September 2011 |
|
America's Cup World Series |
|
1973 |
|
Plymouth County Borough Corporation |
|
24 April 1591 |
|
River Meavy |
|
1801 |
|
South West Water |
|
South West Water |
|
Western Power Distribution |
|
2009 |
|
Langage Power Station, |
|
1836 |
|
Charles Cross and Crownhill |
|
five |
|
Millbay Docks |
|
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary |
|
Derriford Hospital |
|
6 |
|
Royal Eye Infirmary |
|
South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust |
|
Exeter |
|
Weston Mill and Efford |
|
Weston Mill and Efford |
|
Drake Memorial Park |
|
Drake Memorial Park |
|
Weston Mill and Efford |
|
1666 |
|
1666 |
|
1759 |
|
23 |
|
Armada Memorial |
|
Sutton |
|
1620 |
|
1620 |
|
National Marine Aquarium |
|
the Barbican |
|
Crownhill Fort |
|
north |
|
Landmark Trust |
|
Devonport, |
|
Devonport Heritage Trail |
|
Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall |
|
Kingsand |
|
Dartmoor, the Tamar Valley and the beaches of south-east Cornwall. |
|
Henning Larsen |
|
Arts |
|
University of Plymouth |
|
Arts |
|
city's central quarter |
|
Plymothians |
|
Janners |
|
Cousin Jan |
|
John |
|
Tavistock |
|
El Draco |
|
dysentery |
|
dysentery |
|
Sir Joshua Reynolds |
|
Robert Lenkiewicz |
|
Plymouth College of Art |
|
Jazz musician |
|
Keith Rowe |
|
Trematon Castle |
|
swimmer |
|
Chris Axworthy |
|
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson |
|
Clear and Present Danger |
|
Angela Rippon |
