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Avocados contain a wide range of nutrients. Health benefits of avocado consumption may include improving digestion, lowering the risk of depression, and preventing bone loss. Also known as an alligator pear or butter fruit, avocados are a type of berry. They grow in warm climates. Avocados provide a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids and are Below, we take an in-depth look at the nutritional makeup of avocados, 11 ways that they may benefit our health, and some risks to consider. Avocados contain high levels of healthy, beneficial fats, which can help a person Roughly half an avocado, or 100 grams (g), Fat is essential for every single cell in the body. Eating healthy fats supports skin health, enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, and even A diet that contains a variety of fruits and vegetables can provide numerous Here are 11 reasons why avocados can contribute to a healthy diet: 1. Healthy for the heart In every 100 g of avocado, there are 2. Great for vision The monounsaturated fatty acids in avocados also support the absorption of other beneficial fat-soluble antioxidants, such as beta carotene. As a result, adding avocados to the diet may help reduce the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. 3. May help prevent osteoporosis Half an avocado provides approximately This nutrient is often overlooked but is essential for bone health. Taking in enough vitamin K can support bone health by increasing calcium absorption and reducing the urinary excretion of calcium. 4. Components may prevent cancer Studies have not yet assessed a direct link between avocado consumption and a reduction in cancer risk. However, avocados do contain compounds that may help prevent the onset of some cancers. 5. Supporting fetal health Folate is important for a healthy pregnancy. Adequate intake reduces the risk of miscarriage and neural tube abnormalities. A person should consume at least Avocados also contain fatty acids that 6. Reducing depression risk Folate helps prevent the buildup of homocysteine, a substance that can impair circulation and delivery of nutrients to the brain. 7. Improving digestion 8. Natural detoxification Adequate fiber promotes regular bowel movements, which are crucial for the excretion of toxins through the bile and stool. 9. Osteoarthritis relief Avocados, soy, and some other plant foods contain saponins. These substances may have a positive effect on knee and hip osteoarthritis symptoms. However, researchers have not yet confirmed the long-term effects of saponins in people with osteoarthritis. 10. Antimicrobial action Avocados and avocado oil contain substances that have antimicrobial properties. Research shows that avocado seed extracts can help defend the body against both Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus infections, for example. 11. Protection from chronic disease A person can incorporate avocados into their diet in a variety of ways. Soft avocados, for example, make delicious guacamole, while firmer avocados are great for slicing and adding to a salad or sandwich. There is little risk in eating avocados in moderation. But as with all foods, overdoing it can lead to unwanted outcomes. For example, avocado has a Avocados also contain vitamin K, which can affect how blood thinners such as warfarin work. Below are some commonly asked questions about avocado. Is it OK to eat an avocado every day? While avocado has many nutritional benefits, as with all foods, moderation is key. For instance, avocado has a What does avocado do for your body? Eating avocado has many potential benefits for the body including improving digestion, lowering the risk of depression, and preventing bone loss. Do avocados burn belly fat? Avocado is extremely nutritious but, compared to other fruits, is relatively That said, foods high in fat can help a person feel fuller for longer. Therefore, avocadoes may help with appetite regulation and weight loss. However, more research is needed. Is avocado a superfood? Avocados are often considered a superfood because they are Is avocado good for high blood pressure? A recent study discovered that avocado consumption was associated with a lower incidence of high blood pressure in Mexican women. However, more research on this topic is needed.

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The Exodus is one of the most dramatic events in the Hebrew Bible—the slavery of the Israelites in Egypt and their miraculous escape across the Red Sea. It is traditionally viewed as the single event that gave birth to the nation of Israel. Is there archaeological evidence for the Exodus, and for Israelites in Egypt? The Biblical narrative of the Exodus is a fascinating account that can be supplemented by additional historical sources. This free eBook, taken from articles in Biblical Archaeology Review magazine, considers texts and archaeological evidence from the second millennium B.C.E. that describe Israel in Egypt and the Exodus. In “Out of Egypt,” James K. Hoffmeier questions how likely is it that the Israelites were enslaved in Egypt. And if they were there, which way did they go when they left? Hoffmeier uses recent archaeological excavation data from Egypt to shed new light on the slavery of the Israelites in Egypt, the locations mentioned in Exodus and the route the Israelites took out of Egypt to the Promised Land. Abraham Malamat’s article “Let my People Go and Go and Go and Go” questions the historicity of the Exodus. Malamat suggests that once we give up the search for a single, dramatic Exodus, the evidence for a more subtle image of ancient Israel in Egypt and the Exodus—one dispersed over time—will emerge. Finally, in “When Did Ancient Israel Begin?” Hershel Shanks takes a new look at the late-13th-century B.C.E. Merneptah Stele, which has long been considered the earliest reference to Israel outside of the Bible. But now three German scholars say they may have found another hieroglyphic inscription almost 200 years older naming “Israel.” This new archaeological evidence of the Israelites in Egypt suggests that the Bible may be more accurate than some thought. This free eBook shares new archaeological evidence for the Israelites in Egypt, and reshapes understandings of the historicity of the Exodus. We’ll send you a link to download your copy of Ancient Israel in Egypt and the Exodus and offer you a FREE registration to the Bible History Daily newsletter, bringing the world of the Bible and archaeology directly to your inbox. Your FREE registration to Bible History Daily introduces you to community discussions on fascinating topics like the Dead Sea Scrolls, top biblical archaeology discoveries, ancient Israel and Easter. Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. Dig into the illuminating world of the Bible with a BAS All-Access Membership. Get your print subscription to BAR and your online access to the BAS Library—as well as FREE online talks and Travel/Study discounts. Start your journey into the biblical past today! We have several dates for the Exodus. The Jewish Historian Flavius Josephus (70 AD) thaought the expulsion of the Hyksos by Pharaoh Ahmose I circa 1546 BC was the Israelite Exodus. 1446 BC is another Exodus date favored by some conservative scholars based on 1 Kings 6:1 statement that the Exodus occurred 480 years before Solomon built the Temple. Then some Liberal scholars favor an Exodus after 1260 BC in the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II. Why? Because the Exodus begins at the city of Ramesses, and Egyptologists understand Egyptian Per-Rameses came into existence about the time of Ramesses I and II. Two Egyptologists, Hoffmeier and Kitchen, have noted that the 480 years of 1 KIngs 6:1, is contradicted by the Bible’s internal timeline which comes to a time lapse of about 600 years instead of 480 years. 1446 BC plus 600 gives us 1546 BC and the Hyksos Expulsion from Egypt. Yet Hoffmeier and Kitchen ignore this and prefer an Exodus in the days of Ramesses II (circa 1260 BC). Can the Bibl help us? YES. We are told that after Moses’ death Joshua attacks Jericho and orders its fallen walls to be set afire. In the 1950’s Dame Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho. She noted its LAST WALLS had fallen due to an earth quake and had been set on fire. She dated the event to the Hyksos Expulsion from Egypt circa 1546 BC! BINGO! The Exodus is 1546 BC and the HYksos Expulsion is being remembered by the Bible. THE PROBLEM? Sites in Jordan (biblical Moab and Ammon and Edom) have been excavated and some did not come into existence until after 1200 BC, or Iron Age I (1200-1100 BC). Conclusion: The Bible is recalling real events, grounded in archaeological findings, and the evidence suggests that the Iron Age I settlement of Jordan and Canaan, 1200-1100 BC has been combined with the Hyksos Expulsion and destruction of Jericho in 1546 BC. The Bible says Israel married the Canaanite’s sons and daughters and came to worship their gods. Assuming the BIble to have been written in Iron Age II, evidently these peoples saw the Hyksos as their ancestors via marriages with Iron I Canaanites (Hyksos descendants). Adão e Eva e o Jardim do Éden e Pecado Original, Moisés e o Êxodo (histórias de exilios e conquistas foram plagiadas), Dez Mandamentos, Abraão, Josué ou de qualquer dos juízes, Davi, Salomão e seu reino, NOÉ e o Dilúvio, NUNCA EXISTIRAM historicamente. A BÍBLIA, conta relatos que não são históricos, são boatos, fábulas, MITOLOGIAS. Não existem textos autênticos e originais estão perdidos. Parem de que enganar e mentir para o mundo relatando como relatos ficcionais como se verdades fossem. JESUS de Nazaré (deus ou filho de deus), José, Maria e os Apóstolos… as histórias da Criação e a Natividade, Crucificação, NÃO SÃO FATOS, são inverídicos e não são coerentes entre si (mortos não ressuscitam). NUNCA existiram. Os Evangelhos são um labirinto escrito por autores anônimos e editores e revisores conflitantes. Do Éden ao Apocalipse, A Bíblia é um registro dos erros e das maldades dos homens. As Escrituras “não são a palavra de Deus”nem inspiradas. DEUSES NÃO EXISTEM !!! Está em crise? In my opinion, the Bible is a good place to begin our inquiry, not to dispute its history and theology with cut and paste archaelogical references. Also, the bottom line with Biblical history is that God is not only providential, but actively involved in human affairs. The Bible is a revelation of what God has done and will accomplish from creation until the end of the age. Do we think it possible that the God who created a trillion stars in a million gallaxies might actually be capable of parting the Red Sea to rescue His people? If we disgard the first verses of Genesis as a myth, all bets are off. If one is an agnositic or an atheist, the miracles of the Bible that changed human history are nonsense. To paraphrase King David in the Psalms, “In their heart, they say there is no God.” In other words, our final, final on the subject of God’s intervention in Biblical history is an issue of the heart, not of the intellect. Interpreting Biblical history and theology is a grand and rewarding challenge for scholars and archaelogists. Digging dirt in those ancient lands to refute the authenticity of the Bible is a fool’s pursuit. Y’all need to stop pushing lies and tell the truth the real truth about Moses the real royal family of Kemet kings Ahmoses Ramoses Kamoses Thutmoses especially about Ahmoses chasing out the foreign invaders to regain the land liberation for his people from a bunch of culture vultures nomads stop lying to people about the misconception of lies a lot of people are awoke Israelites aka Hyksos it’s facts y’all need to stop lying to people examples of Hyksos Jacob aka Yaqubher Hykso also Hezekiah aka a Hykso on his seal they found he has a lot of Kemet Tameri symbols on it such as Sun of righteousness and a Ahnk on it stop embarrassing y’all selves entertaining lies Someone FINALLY said it In my opinion the reliability of the Bible as source material with regard to historical research is undermined by the nonsense myths and legends contained in the Bible. For example ‘The Flood’ legend in Genesis 7 is borrowed from the Babylonian cuneiform text which is one thousand years older than the Biblical Hebrew text. Dr Irving Finkel in his book ‘THE ARK BEFORE NOAH Decoding the Story of the Flood’ ( published by Hodder & Stoughton, Great Britain, 2014, ISBN 978 1 444 75708 8 ) acknowledges the pioneering contribution by George Smith ( 1840 – 76 ) who, in 1872 ‘astounded the world by discovering the story of the Flood – much the same as that in the Book of Genesis – inscribed on a cuneiform tablet made of clay that had recently been excavated at far – distant Nineveh’ ( op cit, p,1 ). This find at Nineveh and the translation by George Smith that the Flood story was written on a clay tablet one thousand years before the Hebrews plagiarized the Flood story, begs the question ‘what else did the Hebrew chroniclers plagiarize to compile the history of the Hebrews and which ‘God’ are the Hebrews referring to in their texts?’ How would finding the universal flood story in other countries and languages discount the story? Would it not add to it’s veracity? If the flood in Noah’s day was indeed universal it stands to reason that there wouldn’t be only one people group that knows and retells the same story. Actually, cultures all over the world, far removed from the Middle East and isolated from all external influence, retell ancient flood stories similar to that in the Bible. Would these ethno-historical accounts of remote peoples, that may have been orally passed down from ancient times, disprove the Bible? Would we say they’ve also plagiarized the ancient Babylonian story? Does the Bible claim to be the only account of a universal flood? No, it only claims that the flood was universal and, as such, would have, at least initially, been universally known. We outsmart ourselves when we try to disprove biblical records simply because we don’t want to believe it. Shouldn’t we rather see that, since so many of the biblical accounts are accurate and verified, maybe the whole of it is true? Well said, exactly what I would believe. As Noah’s family grew and repopulated the earth, the flood would of been passed down to the generations. Thanks Jon. Even the Chinese have a character that represents the flood. “Would it not add to it’s veracity?” — YES “Does the Bible claim to be the only account of a universal flood?” — NO, there are many world-wide stories of a major flood written down throughout history. You obviously know nothing about Hebrew heritage or you would not make your comments. OBVIOUSLY, Tina, you must know everything. I read Israel Finkelstein’s book The Bible Unearthed where he presents some interesting evidence for arguing that the exodus and conquest did not happen. Who is the most prominent critic who is archaeologist who challenges his hypothesis I just happened to see this Finkelstein on a TV show earlier this evening, entitled ‘Temple Mount,’ he doubts the efficacy of the Bibles account of Solomon’s temple, to me, after watching some of it, that he was ‘hell bent’ on trying to prove that that the Bible account of Solomon’s temple was a myth…..typical of some archaeologists ……after reading your statement, Noel, I can see how my thoughts did not go deep enough………he probably wants to discredit the entire Bible……….well I am sorry, he is in for a rather rude awakening. There are something like 1500 years between the building of the Pyramids and the Hebrew presence in Egypt. Explain that. Who would reasonably expect archaeological evidence of the various travels of nomads thousands of years ago through the sands of Sinai? I find the proofs on the realities of today. We know Israel was Canaanite, with the god EL forming part of its name. We know the god who became the God of Israel came form the South. Archaeology supports that. Those two groups, who saw themselves as kin, ie, the various “exodus” migrations bringing their god to Canaan and the existent tribes of Israel, became one, just as their gods became one. Who knows, maybe the “Shema” prayer attests to that merging of gods. North and South were historically at odds with each other. Provenances are clear. So it is in language, like the many ה ‘s added to names previously not containing them, such as Abram and Abraham, the h ( ה) being of southern provenance. So what’s the fuss, the denials, the politics, the insistence on ” accuracy” from the Bible – a book written by Hebrews for Hebrews as anything but perfect science in mind- , the dating feuds. Is there any doubt really that these migrations from Egypt, called the one Exodus compounding many stories, happened? Do the deniers have better explanations for the simplest of facts proving the composition of what was to become Israel post-Canaan? You should go to the ‘British Museum’ in London, it is truly amazing………with the right guide you can walk through Bible history…..you look at a particular artefact, go to the appropriate Bible chapter and verses, read about it…..and there it is in front of your eyes……..you can do this through the various sections of the museum, representing Biblical Empires, e.g. Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. It really does make the Bible ‘come to life’ If you ever have that chance Gisel, I recommend it………you would certainly learn something. The God of the Israelites, Jehovah, was well known to the Israelites before their enslavement in Egypt………Moses had to remind the Israelites, about their God after 215 years bondage to the Egyptians, their release from captivity, and that is certainly well documented in in the Bible book of Exodus. (there was only ONE Exodus) And, the Bible is not just a book for Hebrews, it is a book for all mankind…….that is why it has existed for so long…….even after many attempts, throughout history, to destroy it , or prevent it from being published into hundreds of different languages, it is still a ‘best seller’ Thankyou Chris & Carl for your faith. And I completely agree. I too believe. I have always worried about Noah’s arch… good grief. There is good evidence for Israel in Egypt and for Israel leaving Egypt. Comparing archaeological information and Scripture it seems that Senusret III [also known as Sesostris III} was Pharaoh when Joseph, son of Jacob was taken to Egypt. The key is that there is more evidence for the resurrection of Jesus Christ than for any other personal event in ancient history. Noah’s Arch? Really? Paul there’s more to worry about…like knowing the basics and spelling. I wholeheartedly agree with all of Chris’s comments of Feb 2015. Chris, your comments are profound but come from the humble heart TRUE believer. You should start your own blog / Q & A to aid bible students come to the truth. You would lead many to Jesus Christ; Who is God in human form. Thanks for the comment Chris (2/14/15:20:43). My feelings and thoughts exactly. ‘Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God’ AMEN, and AMEN. And remember also: “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not unto your own understanding and He will direct your paths” … Again, AMEN and AMEN. Ronald says “I think….” But he simply doesn’t think. Did all the “comments” dry up because the people who offered their stupid opinions have now actually read the Hebrew Bible AND Dr. I Velikovsky’s “Ages in Chaos” which clearly explains the proof of the Exodus and the 10 Plagues. Without this book, they are simply writing opinions based on nothing at all. I look forward to reading from someone who has actually read the facts, the scientific and other proof of the accuracy of the Hebrew Bible and the dating related to Egypt. (See above). i don’t think any of this is true Chris says the best! Amen brother! I don’t think that there were any slaves. Ancient Egypt was a metaphysics capital of the world. Moses stole the Ark of the covenant in my opinion. The only way to recharge the Ark was in the Giza pyramid. .. why steal something that you can not use? God’s energy is shown in the form of the winged disc or solar disc that is actually Antihydrogen fusion wrapped in antihelium antioxygen that created the universe. This is also seen in the book of coming to light. .. Dark matter producing dark energy creates gravity and mass while living in the quantum field or aether shown in their art. My theory is backed up by NASA’S Fermi satellite And Italian space agency satellite PAMELA detected antihelium a signature of Dark matter during Sprite production. It looks like the sun but is double ringed flying disc made by lightning hitting hydrogen in a weightless environment of space. It created the universe. @ KURT THAT SAME PROCESS OF MAKING BRICKS IS STILL USED IN PART OF JUDIAH TODAY (AFRICA) If you are interested in the topic: For Don and others taken in by the “Yam Suf means Sea of Reeds and therefore just means such-and-such lake” argument: this argument doesn’t take into account that during the time of King Solomon, the Bible calls the sea at Elat “Yam Suf” as well, and in that case, there is no question it is speaking of what we call the Red Sea. What evidence is there that bricks were made in ancient Egypt? The Bible book of Exodus states that the Egyptians put their Hebrew slaves to work making bricks. The slaves had to make a prescribed number each day, using clay mortar and straw.—Exodus 1:14; “They made their life bitter with hard labor, as they worked with clay mortar and bricks and in every form of slavery in the field. Yes, they made them toil in harsh conditions in every form of slavery.”-Exodus 5:10-14.”So the taskmasters and their foremen went out and said to the people: “Here is what Pharʹaoh has said, ‘I am giving you no more straw. Go and get your own straw for yourselves wherever you can find it, but your work will not be reduced at all.’” Then the people scattered throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. And the taskmasters kept urging them: “You must each finish your work every day, just as when straw was provided.” Also the foremen of the Israelites, whom Pharʹaoh’s taskmasters had appointed over them, were beaten.They asked them: “Why did you not reach the quota of bricks that you used to make? It happened both yesterday and today.”http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2012010 The making of sun-dried bricks was an important occupation in the Nile Valley in Bible times. Ancient monuments built from this material still stand in Egypt. A wall painting in the 15th-century B.C.E. tomb of Rekhmire in Thebes, almost contemporary with the events recounted in the book of Exodus, illustrates the process. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia describes the scene in this painting as follows: “Water is brought from a pool; mud is mixed with a hoe and then carried to a spot convenient for the brickmaker. This mud is pressed into a wooden mold which the brickmaker holds to the ground. The mold is then lifted off, leaving a newly shaped brick to dry in the sun. Rows and rows of bricks are molded and, when dry, stacked preparatory to use. This procedure is still followed in the Near East.” Different papyrus documents from the second millennium B.C.E. also refer to the making of bricks by serfs, to the use of straw and brick-clay, and to the daily production quota of bricks that workers had to meet. Detail of wall painting in tomb of Rekhmire; Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY Correction Moses was not a Judite. He was from the tribe of Levi. After you have read Velikovsky you can THEN discuss the subject of Jewish history. The first new Pharaoh of Egypt after the overthrow of the Amu/Amalekites/Hyksos was the native short-lived 17th dynasty followed by the 18th. “The Great Queen of Egypt and the South” otherwise known as Hatshepsut was the queen “Sheba” who visited King Solomon of Israel and bore him a son. On her return to Africa she made him viceroy of Ethiopia and gave him and his heirs a title carried down the dynasty as “The Lion of Judah” until Emperor Haile Selassie was assassinated in our life-time. Instead of writing “Comments” about which several of you obviously know nothing, try reading Dr. Immanuel Velikovsky’s book “AGES IN CHAOS”. It opened my eyes and opened History. The Pharaoh at the time of the Exodus was Pharaoh Thom, the last of the 12th Egyptian Dynasty (apart from a son who died immediately after Thom drowned.) From then on there were the Hyksos/Amu/Amalekite dynasties 13,14,15 and 16th Dynasties. That lasted until King Saul defeated them completely at the battle of Avaris, their capital. Read about it in the Hebrew Book of Samuel. BHD claims (without the slightest evidence) that the Hyksos and the Israelites worked together. Other commentators make similar stupid assertions. The Hebrew Bible tells us clearly that the Israelites heading EAST or SOUTH EAST were attacked by the Hyksos heading WEST Into Egypt after Egypt had been totally destroyed in what we call the Ten Plagues. Moreover the Egyptian people at all levels had been decimated as their stone buildings collapsed on them. Further, their army and pharaoh had been drowned at the Reed Sea so the Land of Egypt was wide open and, as we are told in the Bible, there was no resistance. Will those commentators expressing their own wishful views rather than facts, please read Dr Immanuel Velikovsky’s “Ages in Chaos” which explains HOW it all happened. No need for ignorant hypotheses anymore. Or even so-called learned ones! As written in Judges 11:26 The Israelites were 300 years in the Trans Jordan. The Israelites were part of the Hyksos at Avaris, see Bietak Expedition Reports, from the time of Joseph vizier of the Hyksos, Genesis 41:33-39. The 5 conspirators who had conspired to kill then sold Joseph into slavery, Genesis 37::18-28 were given land at Goshen near the future city Pi-Ramesses Genesis 47:2-6. This was about 1620 BC. The conspirators were the pastoral Judahites. Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Levi and Gad.. The Israelites who lived at Avaris were expelled by King Ahmose along with the Hyksos about 1535 BC and there was a pursuit. This Exodus was one of Haste This episode is described by Ebana at his tomb site.. The Israelites fled into Canaan along the way passing the Sea of Reeds probably Lake Ballah, See the Haggadah P.106 Seif Edition. The Israelites found themselves in the Trans Jordan. They may have made a brief foray back into Canaan about 1447 BC while Thutmose III was attacking the Amorites. The Israelites entered Canaan about 1230 led by Joshua the Ephraimite a Josephite. The Judahites remained on their land at Goshen until the advent of Moses the Judahite who returned from Midian after the death of Ramesses Ii in 1213 BC Exodus 2:23. The Judahites were conscripted to provide labour for the building of Pi-Ramesses, the city of Ramesses Exodus 1:11. The Exodus of the Judahites was burdened with herds of Cattle and flocks of sheep Exodus 12:32, it was a leisurely affair. Moses had just returned from Midian and would have taken the Judahites by the shortest route back to Midian Exodus 2:15. There is no Egyptian record of any pursuit or disaster at the time of this Exodus. The Judahites entered Canaan from the south as described in Judges 1:3 forty years after leaving Egypt probably led by Caleb the Judahite, after 1170 BC. At least 60 years after the eastern entry of the Israelites into Canaan led by Joshua the Josephite. The First Exodus was one of haste pursued by King Ahmose. The Second Exodus was a leisurely affair. King Merneptah was not at Pi-Ramesses at the time of the departure of the Judahites he had moved to a palace at Memphis, see Univ. of Penn. Museum exhibit. In my life as I have walked holding hands with Elohim _ I have learned that He purposely keeps to Himself proofs of His accounts. In doing so He challenges us to believe in this case, regardless the apparent lack of archaeological evidence. The knowledge belongs to Him and He reveals His knowledge as needed for us to exercise our faith in Him in a manner that help us to grow as believers. Deuteronomy 29:29 states “The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us (…)”. The real believer is that who doesn’t need any proof but His word. He gives us crumbs of knowledge, not too much that we become lazy in our faith and not too little that we get discouraged for the lack of it. This dynamic is compatible with The Lord’s character; He gave us free will so we can choose to believe or choose not to, He doesn’t force us, however as Jesus said to Thomas: “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.” Dr Rohl learned about the errors in dating Egyptian history from Prof. Immanuel Velikovsky’s book “Ages in Chaos”. When the dates are corrected all the Bible falls into place. There is no “myth”. To understand, get hold of the book FIRST. I have been excited about the work of Egyptologist Dr. David Rohl and look forward to his new book “Exodus – Myth or History”. Dr. Rohl found the timeline for Egyptian history was out of sync with the actual archeological facts. If you place the new timeline over the known dates for the conquest of Canaan then even the fall of Jericho now falls into place. ALL the info. on the Exodus is in the Bible. There were 2 Exoduses, one at the time of the Hyksos expulsion from Avaris in Egypt about 1535 BC of the Josephite tribes the second of the Judahite tribes after the death of Ramesses II in 1213 BC. The First Exodus lead to the Israelites being in the Trans Jordan for 300 years, Judges 11:36 until lead out by Joshua the Ephraimite (a Josephite) into Canaan. This Exodus was one of haste pursued by King Ahmose and there is a record of this ! The Second Exodus of the Judahite tribes after the death Of Ramesses II (Exodus 2:23) when Moses the Judahite lead the Judahite tribes out from Goshen near the City of Ramesses to Midian. in Arabia. This was a slow Exodus because the pastoral Judahites were burdened with their flocks of sheep and herds of cattle (Genesis 47:32). Moses would have taken the direct route to Midian via the ancient Trade route having only recently returned from Midian (Exodus 4:19-20). The reason for the separaration of Josephites based at Avaris and Judahites at Goshen in Egypt stemmed from the five conspirators (Genesis 47:2) the half brothers of Joseph who had conspired to kill Joseph and then sold him into slavery at Avaris where he became vizier and was able to settle the brother and half brothers who had not conspired against him. The story is all there in the Bible, today partly obscured but still present- two Exoduses not one. Archaeology in Amenhotep III mention of the Shasu YHW the wanderers of YHW and the Ishrael base perhaps from the time of Thutmose III indicate the presence of Israelites outside Egypt long before the time of Moses and Ramesses II Really, this is it for the comments?! Ok, so everyone needs to see http://www.patternsofevidence.com/en and see the proof. Yes Finkelstein is in it! There is not only archeological proof, but also textural proof in the hand of an Egyptian. Much of the proof is coming from UNDER the land called Rameses, a whole layer of another culture, clearly not Egyptian. One of the most outstanding points to me was that Moses wrote Genesis around 1500, a few hundred years BEFORE the Pharaoh Rameses, so likely someone updated the city name later to something more modern, that could be traced, at that time. Again, it is now UNDER that updated location that they are finding masses of evidence! So people have been looking for proof in Egyptian records in the wrong time period, kind of like searching for records of some Americans having African slaves during this 21st century; not finding those records in this century doesn’t mean it didn’t happen, it means one was looking, in the right place, but at the wrong time! And as for Noah’s ARK, it was found in the 1950’s, verified through much scientific evidence including a core sample from near the base producing petrified animal dung, hair, and antler. It is exactly the right size according to the Egyptian cubit, can be seen on Google Earth, and has had a visitor center set up for over 20 years now in Turkey. I personally think that The Exodus was rather like Noah’s Arch in a way. It is clear from serious scientific work that this “exodus” never happened. And for a good reason. Hebrew bedouins were taken to PERSIA as slaves. That is a historical fact, that is also confirmed in the famous “name” Messiah,which is actually PERSIAN “me shah” and it means “our king”. But, hey. Science also tells us that believing in supernatural “friends” is clinical schizophrenia. SO very true. I have research this back and forward and found most writer’s are stating their opinion by adding a hypothesis to the very few facts to back up. if people study Egyptian history they keep real good records of certain things. This would have been very important and records would have been keep It seems that much money and ado is spent in the pursuit of opinion. Such opinion has to differ from existing opinion so that a name can be made for ones self. Thus an opinion turns to a hypothesis and a hypothesis to fact in the writer and readers mind. There is only one simple fact, the desires for money, and that desire drives the most rediculous speculations to paper. To often your authors state what the Bible says, but it is obvious they have not read it for what they state is wrong. To often speculations of a adle minded ditch digger are treated as archilogical fact. May the readers of this e-book beware, it is about as accurate a story as Russel Crowes Noah! Yam Suf the sea of reeds. is Lake Manzillah in the Delta that until they built the Aswan dam flowed into the Mediterranean. If you look at maps of the Delta prior to 1970 AD, you will see a gap in this long shore drift., In normal times the lake just trickles over sand bar into the Med, but during the inundation it blasts it’s way through creating this gap . and each year that gap moves up and down that long shore drift as can be seen by Napoleon’s maps. However when the Med Tide is out the, but not during the inundation time, waters from the lake will perculate through the sand bar leaving a 6-8ft dry area that can be walked over dry shod bu only for about 3 hours over aprrox a 4km stretch. When the Med Tide rises, the waters in the lake back up and the sand bar is covered by about 100mm of water. However if you’re running through this to the other side and you must be able to see the other side, then if yo fall you can get up . But a chariot doesn’t know this and the last thing the Egyptians wanted was to go into a small hole and the foot soldiers of Israel will come back and kill them ,so it doesn’t look like they followed them. This was the rooute the Egyptians as used then and now in taking a short cut from Port Said to Damieitta., Whereas by road you have to go back almost to Cairo . This tide happened twice a day for thousands of years. Which means Moses didn’t arrive there when the Med Tide was out but must have known about it and can be possible confirmed as being thee before from the Anastasia V papyrus. There is no mention of a Red sea in the Torah, the first referance to this sea was in the Christian Bible. Besides you have to have reeds to make their new abodes at Succoth and you don’t get reeds around salt water of the Red Sea. So where does the Bible get Red Sea from . May I suggest Moses named it Yam Edom the Edomite sea . It got changed to red because Red in Hebrew is Adom and there’s other references, like Karan and Keren where the translators got confused with there E’s an A’s as in Hebrew they’re similar . The Edomites were the people that lived near Elat and Accaba, which Moses passed through and they were seafarers . There is now no need for that gap ,so the Egyptians have built a road and houses, where I say Moses once trod. I should add that I believe Exodus and Genesis to be an accurate history of the Jews. It wasn’t God who slowed up the Egyptains. by removing their chariot wheels, it was Moses the stratigist, who sent Joshua and Caleb to remove the axle pins the night before . any questions ask [email protected] Johnna, surprisingly enough there is quite a lot of evidence for the Exodus. You should look up Thutmoses III and that story and research his history. Not to mention the findings of the Golden Chariot wheels under the Red Sea and Settlement evidence in the desert. I hope this helps. There is not any evidence of Isreals Exodus except for one place if it can be found. This is a living prophecy of today. We are not meant to find proof as when we are taken out of the world there will be no proof of the event. the only place there may possibly be evidence is where the ground opened and swallowed the one who stole and buried the silver under his tent and the ground opened and took his whole family and livestock. Good luck finding it. No other remains are there as they most likely resurrected with Jesus along with the others who came out of their graves when Jesus resurrected. That is my opinion. blessings. Have you people read “The Bible Unearthed” by Israel Finkelstein ? The ancient Egyptian word Habiru means “wild ones.” The ancient Hebrew word for Passover mitzrayim means “overcome your limitations to no longer be a slave.” Prophetic teachings are similar across the world in many diverse traditions. We are all God’s children. We all will die and be reborn at home among the stars.

https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/free-ebooks/ancient-israel-in-

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Video: First close-up video of Mashco-Piro tribe News emerged this week that an indigenous tribe in the Peruvian Amazon, the Mashco-Piro, has been trying to make contact with outsiders. In the past, the Mashco-Piro have always resisted interaction with strangers, avoiding – and sometimes killing – any they encounter. How should Western societies respond to these so-called uncontacted tribes? New Scientist looks at the issue. How many uncontacted tribes are still left? No one knows for sure. At a rough guess, there are probably more than 100 around the world, mostly in Amazonia and New Guinea, says Rebecca Spooner, of Survival International, a London-based organisation that advocates for the rights of indigenous peoples. Brazil’s count is likely to be the most accurate. The government there has identified 77 uncontacted tribes through aerial surveys, and by talking to more Westernised indigenous groups about their neighbours. There are thought to be around 15 uncontacted tribes in Peru, a handful in other Amazonian countries, a few dozen in the Indonesian part of the island of New Guinea and two tribes in the Andaman Islands off the coast of India. There may also be some in Malaysia and central Africa. Have they really had no contact with the outside world? Most have had a little, at least indirectly. “There’s always some contact with other isolated tribes, which have contact with other indigenous people, which in turn have contact with the outside world,” says Spooner. Many of the Amazon tribes choose to avoid contact with outsiders because they have had unpleasant encounters in the past. The Mashco-Piro, for example, abandoned their settled gardens and fled into the forest. According to Glenn Shepard, an ethnologist at the Emilio Goeldi Museum in Belem, Brazil, this came after rubber companies massacred tribespeople at the turn of the 20th century. For this reason, some researchers refer to such tribes as “voluntarily isolated”, rather than uncontacted. More recent incursions, especially by miners, oil workers and loggers, may have reinforced the tribes’ xenophobia. In 1995, oilfields were encroaching on the homeland of the uncontacted Huaorani people of eastern Peru. A visiting New Scientist reporter was warned that any unclothed native should be regarded as uncontacted and, thus, very dangerous. Are there guidelines for how best to approach such tribes? In Peru, laws prohibit outsiders from initiating contact with isolated groups in most cases. They also provide protected areas where tribes can live in peace – but there are loopholes that allow oil and mining companies into the region. Brazil has similar laws and policies that allow contact only in life-threatening situations. Anthropologists have an ethical obligation to do no harm to their research subjects, according to the American Anthropological Association’s Statement on Ethics. However, they are rarely the first people to make contact with indigenous groups – missionaries and resource developers almost always get there first, says Kim Hill, an anthropologist at Arizona State University who has worked with several recently contacted tribes. As a result, there is no standard practice for initial contact, he says. Why would tribes choose to end their isolation? Often, they feel forced out by encroaching civilisation, says Spooner. Survival International has documented some cases where settlements have been bulldozed and tribespeople harassed – or even killed. This leaves the survivors feeling like they have no option but to give up. Others see a more benign process at work, at least some of the time. Tribes may seek contact with outsiders because they begin to trust their intentions, says Hill. “As soon as the tribes believe they might have some peaceful contact, all these groups want some outside interaction,” he says. “It’s a human trait to want to expand our contacts.” Modern medicine, metal tools and education can also exert a powerful pull. What happens then? Often, there is a lot of disease because the tribespeople are exposed to novel pathogens. It is not uncommon for half the population to die of respiratory illness – unless outsiders bring sustained medical care, says Hill. Also, the newly integrated tribespeople frequently end up on the lowest rung of the society they join. Still, he says, when he interviews such people years later, “I don’t find anyone, pretty much, who would want to go back to the old situation.”

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24090-how-many-uncontacted-tribes-are-

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Who's Behind Listverse? Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. More About UsTop 10 Disturbing Modern Experiments Some scientists have always had a tendency to forget morality in the pursuit of knowledge. In doing this, they have forced animals and humans to suffer. So review boards were created to help bring ethical standards to science. Institutional review boards are used to regulate research in the United States. Despite many countries having similar panels, unethical studies continue. In large part, this is due to the differing ethical guidelines in animal research and the pursuit of knowledge at any cost. Below are 10 modern-day experiments with disturbing implications. 10 Mind-Controlled Rats Researchers at the State University of New York have found a way to control rats remotely. Scientists claim that the animals could be beneficial to us by doing dangerous and difficult jobs. Rats make good candidates for this experiment because of their small size and range of physical capabilities. The technology is still in its early stages and can only detect signals up to 460 meters (1,500 ft) away. Still, the inexpensive cost of the rat and its equipment makes this scientific achievement downright frightful. Even more disturbing is the fact that a creature can be controlled by a computer. The researchers controlled the rats by using computers to send electrical signals through the animals’ brains as a way of giving orders to the rats. They essentially became willing slaves to the whims of the scientists, who stimulated the pleasure centers of the rats’ brains. If this experiment becomes a stepping-stone for controlling the minds of other animals—and quite possibly humans—then we all face the threat of having our autonomy taken away by tyrannical leaders and corrupt governments. This might not happen, but the possibility of it is still disturbing. This technology could help to create the perfect obedient slaves or citizens. They would not even desire to escape or rebel and would be duped into doing whatever their masters desire—all to get a euphoric electric shock. 9 Artificial Wombs Artificial wombs are common in the science fiction genre, and scientists are closer than ever to developing one in the real world. They have already created an artificial womb that helped premature lambs develop normally. It resembled a large, clear plastic bag with wires. The goal of the research is to improve the survival rate and quality of life of premature babies, many of whom suffer from cerebral palsy and respiratory complications. The possible consequences, though, include a plethora of ethical quagmires. If humans can be produced entirely without wombs, then they might replace natural births. Many women might prefer birth outside their body for health and vanity reasons. The technology could also be used for sterile women and gay couples. This technology does, however, pose the threat of leading to eugenics and population control if women were sterilized, leaving those with access to artificial wombs as the only ones able to procreate. The possibility of artificial wombs is frightening. CRISPR-Cas9 is a relatively new gene-editing technology that is precise, inexpensive, and quick. Genetic modification is already controversial, but the possibility of gene-editing technology being used in humans raises several ethical dilemmas. In 2015, scientists improved the accuracy of the Cas9 enzyme, making it even more viable as a tool for genetic engineering. If we have the ability to modify our own DNA and create designer babies, we are opening the doors to a range of problems. Genetics is highly complicated. Many characteristics are controlled by several genes, making it difficult to assess the impact of changing any one gene. A gene that may be harmful in one scenario can be beneficial in another. So removing potentially harmful genes may hurt us in the long run. The idea of creating designer babies is hinged on the idea that some genes are superior to others and that we should try to create humans with superior genetics. If designer babies were successfully formed, then the gap between the rich and the poor could continue to widen. 7 Human Chimeras Chimeras are organisms with cells from two individuals. Human chimeras do exist naturally, but they are still 100 percent human. Now scientists have created human-animal chimeras. These researchers are hoping to manufacture human organs in animals by injecting stem cells into the embryos. Scientists hope this will save the lives of people who desperately need organ donations, but this might lead to the further blurring of the line between human and animal. It also begs the question of what it means to be human. How many human cells make an organism truly human? Additionally, if the chimeras were to possess similar cognitive abilities as humans, would they be given the same rights or treated as subordinates? The process may also harm the organism. The real ethical dilemma with human chimeras is their legal standing and how we will tolerate the possibility of human qualities possessed by another species. De-extinction is what it sounds like: the resurrection of extinct species. This may sound intriguing, but it could lead to a host of issues—as it did in Jurassic Park. In 2003, the first extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex, was born, only to die and cause the subspecies a second extinction. Less than two decades later, scientists are hoping to bring back woolly mammoths. First, the researchers must sequence mammoth DNA. They intend to use Asian elephants as surrogate mothers. If this were to work out, mammoths might be seen at zoos but probably not in the wild. De-extinction raises the ethical problem of bringing an extinct species into a completely transformed world that they might not be able to tolerate or survive in. Furthermore, the possibility of bringing back a species that may never live again in the wild seems like a waste of resources. The money to fund these projects might be better used to help protect other species from extinction instead of playing God. The idea of bringing back species may be exciting, but it also raises questions on what to do if Neanderthals were brought back. In the future, it may be possible to use CRISPR to produce Neanderthals by using us or chimps as surrogate mothers. This would probably cause a lot of suffering as many cloned individuals are prone to health problems and often die young. Additionally, life likely would be hard as a modern-day Neanderthal. Teasing and bullying would likely occur due to their differing build and facial features, possibly greater physical strength, and perhaps differing intelligence levels. That is, if they are considered humans and not forced to be our slaves or subordinates in society. 5 Artificial Life A lab announced in 2010 that it had created the first artificial life-form. The disturbing part of the experiment is that the researchers played God. Scientists hope to create synthetic life-forms to help solve pressing world problems such as energy security, pollution, and disease. However, the potential negative consequences are drastic, especially since we would be creating something that never naturally existed. New life-forms may wreak havoc upon us or other creatures. The danger of artificial life-forms is that we may create something that we do not understand that could potentially backfire on us. For humans, exoskeletons are devices that are worn to improve strength and mobility—something most humans would desire. The Active Pelvis Orthosis (APO) was created by European scientists to prevent falls, a dangerous reality for the elderly. However, these exoskeletons are fraught with ethical problems—from cost to retirement. At least at first, they would probably be available only to the wealthy due to cost. Exoskeletons could also be used to push the retirement age even higher and force our elders to work. These devices may also be used by perfectly healthy and fit individuals to enhance their physical abilities. This could lead to a myriad of problems: robotic enhancement in sports, upgrades of soldiers, and longer hours of labor. By vying to improve our strength, we might end up worse off. 3 Head Transplants The idea of head transplants sounds far-fetched. After all, beheading is a form of execution. However, Sergio Canavero has claimed to successfully repair the cut spinal cords of mice. Although many people are skeptical, his group is hoping to test their technique on dogs next. There are many ethical issues surrounding this idea. First, like many donated organs, the brain might be rejected and the patient would have to take drugs to try to prevent this after an incredibly dangerous procedure. These immunosuppressant drugs have side effects including osteoporosis, weakened muscles, and high blood sugar. Additionally, this leads to numerous questions about identity. Having completely new bodies could be traumatic for the patients and lead to increased aversion to organ donations for potential donors. 2 Enhanced Pathogens Enhanced pathogens are so potentially deadly that the White House is reviewing the funding of studies that make pathogens more dangerous. Many studies were halted in 2014 due to a string of frightening accidents in labs. Scientists study enhanced pathogens as a way to take defensive measures against the next pandemic. But these disease-causing agents could accidentally cause a pandemic if a super pathogen were to escape from a lab. The other disturbing possibility is bioterrorism—something the CDC is already preparing for. The ability to create even deadlier diseases opens the door to greater threats posed by pathogens. 1 Love Potions Love can be magical and difficult to understand. It can also cause a lot of pain. Nevertheless, the scientific community is studying ways to brew love potions, a potentially disturbing development. The neuropeptide oxytocin is being studied to examine its ability to help with relationships. Some scientists are skeptical that we can truly create love potions. But if researchers were able to successfully use oxytocin or other substances as love potions, the ethical implications would be profound. These drugs would probably be used to support rather than form love, but the idea of trying to recreate something as complex as love can be seen as playing God. Additionally, forcing someone to fall in love with you, if that could happen, would be highly unethical. It would violate a person’s autonomy, and the love potion may be considered a date-rape drug. Furthermore, we may just be putting a Band–Aid on our problems by becoming dependent on love drugs to cure heartbreak and fix relationships. It may be wiser—and certainly better—to deal with love the old-fashioned way. Alexandra loves guinea pigs, reading, and food. Read about more disturbing experiments that crossed ethical lines on Top 10 Unethical Psychological Experiments and 10 Scientists Who Completely Ignored The Idea Of Human Rights.

http://listverse.com/2017/07/08/top-10-disturbing-modern-

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Children are most times stubborn and tend to disturb their parents not minding the time. So, to engage them meaningfully, we’ll discuss the best coding games for kids that teach real programming concepts. It is a proven fact by the CodeAnt instructors that if your child is doing badly in academics, coding presents a great chance to make him or her better. In addition, kids learn STEAM faster with the introduction of coding and robotics education. What is STEAM? It was STEAM before but had to be changed to STEAM which stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics. These are coding and robotics teaching approaches to help kids understand and carry out tasks. Also, kids are fond of video games which have taken away the focus of some of them from academics. But the good thing here is they will have the opportunity to play games while coding. This will have them complete some problems, thus improving their logic and creativity for problem-solving. Why Coding Games For Kids? Programming games help children improve their problem-solving skills, strengthen memory, and increase logical thinking skills. Learn programming basics like sequences, loops, and functions with 200+ coding games for kids and 1,000+ challenging levels on Google Play Store. In short, it’s not just learning how to code, the benefits of coding games for kids are many. It teaches kids to think critically, and build creativity. It also, helps them to learn how to adapt and overcome any problem. Is it Hard To Learn Coding? No, coding is not hard to learn. The truth is that it is not difficult to learn to code. However, learning something for the first time can be challenging at first. Over time, with a little patience, practice, and determination, anyone can master the art of programming. When it comes to learning to code, practice makes perfect. Also, learning coding on your own can take longer time than when you have an instructor or enroll in a coding boot camp. How Long Does It Take To Learn Coding? It will take an average of three to six months to learn coding. But if you’re learning programming as part of a bachelor’s degree in cybersecurity, computer science, or a related major, it will take you about four years to complete the degree. In this article, we will explore the top 7 best coding games for kids that teach real programming concepts. I assure you to be having a good read and knowledge of the best programming games that teach kids real coding concepts. This ranking was based on the effectiveness and the result we record from kids after engaging them with these coding games. 8 Best Coding Games for Kids that Teach Real Programming Concepts Below is the list of the 8 best coding games for kids that will help them learn programming concepts and approaches. - 1. Scratch + Scratch Jr - 2. Minecraft - 3. CodeCombat - 4. Lightbot - 5. Kodable - 6. Tynker - 7. CodeGuppy - 8. Code.org #1. Scratch + Scratch Jr TScratch is an MIT-developed programming language that offers a drag-and-drop interface for kids to learn how to code. Scratch allows kids to create games, animations, and interactive stories. It also offers an extensive online community where kids can share their projects, get feedback, and collaborate with other Scratch users. The real key to teaching a child to code is finding the right motivation. Minecraft offers it because it combines a fun game that they love, with a good introduction to the job of coding. The way Minecraft engages kids can be used to help them engage in learning something useful in a fun way that doesn’t feel like work. Minecraft can be improved through modifications (or “mods”), which are external strings of code that change the game from within. Such as creating monsters, giving players more health or items, and even telling NPCs to do specific things. These mods are usually downloaded through a third-party website, where players share their mods among the online community for everyone to use, but you can easily create your own mods to enhance your gaming experience exactly the way you want. Given the relative simplicity of Minecraft as a game, learning how to mod it is a good step into learning how to create code for other games and software. CodeCombat is an interactive game that teaches programming concepts like variables, functions, loops, and events through gameplay. In this fun game, the player controls a character that must solve puzzles and fight enemies using code. CodeCombat is suitable for kids aged 9 and above. Lightbot is a game that teaches kids programming concepts like sequencing, loops, and conditionals through gameplay. The objective of the game is to program a robot to navigate through various mazes by using code. Lightbot offers puzzles that gradually increase in complexity, which makes it perfect for beginners. Kodable is a game designed for younger kids (ages 4-10) that teaches programming concepts like syntax and sequencing through gameplay. It offers a simple drag-and-drop interface and a series of puzzles that teach kids how to write code. Kodable also provides teachers and parents with tools to track their child’s progress. Tynker is a game that teaches programming concepts like objects, loops, and functions, as well as game design through gameplay. The game offers a range of activities for kids from beginner to advanced levels, including coding projects that allow them to create their games and animations. Code.org is a not-for-profit website that offers free coding lessons to children of all ages. It is a great platform that offers a variety of interactive activities for kids from beginner to advanced levels. It offers an easy-to-use interface, which makes it perfect for younger children. Code.org offers courses that teach real programming concepts like loops, conditionals, functions, and events. Coding games can be an excellent way to promote learning, creativity, and problem-solving skills in children. These top 8 coding games for kids offer a fun and interactive way to teach real programming concepts. By introducing kids to coding at a young age, we can empower them with the essential skills that they can use to build their careers in the future. You can check our Coding and Robotics bootcamp for kids here. Frequently Asked Questions on Coding Games for Kids Block-based coding utilizes a drag-and-drop learning environment, where programmers use coding instruction “blocks” to construct animated stories and games. Yes. With more sophisticated and interactive coding software and numerous coding teaching platforms, it has become easy for kids to learn to code. As coding can be attached to games, children at the age of 4 or 5 can begin their process of choosing the right career path by learning the basic concepts of programming. At that age, kids can kick start learning how to code in a funny way like using visual block interfaces, free apps or gaming sites, or text-based coding classes that are relevant to their age. Learning to code is not able being software engineers or programmers, it is about developing computational thinking skills. Computational thinking is how software engineers solve problems. It combines mathematics, logic, and algorithms, and teaches you a new way to think about the world. Computational thinking teaches you how to tackle large problems by breaking them down into a sequence of smaller, more manageable problems. Coding allows you to tackle complex problems in efficient ways that operate a huge scale. It involves creating models of the real world with a suitable level of abstraction and focusing on the most pertinent aspects. It helps you go from specific solutions to general ones. You may need to plan the course logistics, get trained to teach the course, make the syllabus, or maybe all three. From the range of 2 weeks to 6 months. However, This may vary based on the kid’s ability to respond to projects. Coding is fundamentally a creative endeavor, so once kids have learned the basics, they can continue honing their craft and taking on more and more sophisticated challenges. Coding helps in the holistic growth of kids by contributing to enhancing their analytical and creative thinking. It makes them more confident by providing opportunities to interact with other coders and developers. For early coders, it helps in building thinking ability which helps them in academics as well as co-curricular. Reading through this article, I realized it is another fun way for parents who are interested in introducing their children to the world of robotics and programming which is the new goldmine to also learn the basics of programming and robotics along with their kids.

https://codeant.org/best-coding-games-for-

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S*xually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a common health issue that can cause a variety of physical and emotional problems. While many people are aware of the short-term effects of STDs, such as discomfort, pain, and infertility, fewer are aware of the potential long-term consequences, including the increased risk of cancer. In this article, we will explore the connection between STDs and cancer, and why it is important to take STD prevention seriously. 1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common s*xually transmitted infections and is responsible for several types of cancer. HPV can cause cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, and oropharyngeal cancers, and it is estimated that approximately 90% of cervical cancers are caused by HPV. The virus is typically spread through s*xual contact and can often go unnoticed, as it may not produce any noticeable symptoms. In fact, many people who contract HPV may never know that they have it. This is why regular testing and screening is so important for early detection and prevention. 2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Another STD that has been linked to cancer is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV are at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and cervical cancer. This is due to the weakened immune system that results from HIV infection, which makes it more difficult for the body to fight off cancer cells. 3. Hepatitis B&C Other STDs that have been linked to cancer include hepatitis B and C, which can cause liver cancer, and herpes simplex virus, which has been linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer. In addition, some studies have suggested that Chlamydia and Gonorrhea may increase the risk of cervical cancer, although further research is needed to confirm this connection. Another way in which STDs can lead to cancer is through chronic inflammation. STDs can cause inflammation in the affected areas, which can lead to changes in the cells and tissues over time. These changes can increase the risk of cancer developing in those areas. For example, chronic inflammation in the cervix caused by HPV infection can lead to precancerous changes and eventually cervical cancer. Preventing STDs is an important step in reducing the risk of cancer. The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing the types of HPV that are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases, as well as some other types of cancer. The vaccine is recommended for both males and females and can be administered as early as age 9. In addition, practicing safe s*x by using condoms or other barrier methods can reduce the risk of contracting STDs. Read Also: Prevention Methods For STDs Regular testing and screening are also crucial for early detection and prevention of STD-related cancers. Women should undergo regular Pap tests to screen for cervical cancer, and those who are at an increased risk may also need to undergo HPV testing. Men who have s*x with men should undergo regular anal cancer screening, which may include a digital rectal exam, anal Pap test, or anoscopy. It is also worth noting that some STDs, such as syphilis, can mimic the symptoms of other diseases, including cancer. This can lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, which can be detrimental to a person’s health and increase their risk of long-term complications.

https://log.ng/health/connection-

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In the operating room surgery refers to the doctor using medical instruments to perform excision, suturing and other treatments on the patient’s body. Surgery is the main treatment method of surgery, commonly known as “opening”. The purpose is to treat or diagnose diseases, such as removing diseased tissue, repairing damage, transplanting organs, improving the function and form of the body, etc. Early surgeries were limited to simple manual methods of cutting, cutting, and suturing on the body surface, such as abscess drainage, tumor resection, and trauma suturing. With the development of surgery, the field of surgery continues to expand and can be performed on any part of the human body. The instruments used are also constantly updated. For example, scalpels include electrosurgical scalpels, microwave scalpels, ultrasonic scalpels, laser scalpels, etc. Therefore, surgeries also have broader meaning. In the operating room, why don’t doctors wear underwear and patients don’t wear clothes? In the operating room, doctors and patients usually wear surgical gowns or sterile surgical gowns. This is because the operating room is a place where medical operations are performed and needs to be maintained in a high degree of cleanliness and sterility. The main reason why doctors don’t wear underwear is to prevent bacteria from contaminating the surgical area. Because the doctor’s pants may come into contact with the patient’s wounds or other parts, doctors need to avoid touching their private parts during surgery to avoid infection. In addition, doctors also need to wear protective equipment such as gloves and masks to protect themselves and other medical staff. The reason why the patient does not wear clothes is because the principle of sterility must be follow. Bacteria and other dirt may be present on the patient’s clothes. These substances may affect the surgical process and may even cause infection. Therefore, patients are require to remove all clothing and change into a clean sterile hospital gown before entering the operating room. What preparations does the doctor need to make before surgery? Explain the purpose, risks and consequences of the procedure to the patient and obtain informed consent from the patient or their guardian. Carefully study the patient’s medical records, test results, and other relevant information to assess the patient’s health status and surgical risks and determine whether special treatment or supportive measures are warranted. Ensure that the operating room and surgical equipment and instruments are orderly, intact and clean. Prepare required anesthesia, analgesics, and other medications required for surgery. Assign medical staff their respective responsibilities and perform thorough hand washing and disinfection before surgery. Which surgeries require the patient to be completely naked? Surgery that requires the patient to be completely naked usually involves the exposure of body parts and aseptic procedures to ensure the success of the surgery and the safety of the patient. These surgeries may require the patient to remove clothing, pants, and shoes in the operating room to allow for examination of the body surface or internal organs. Check or operate. The exact type of surgery that requires the patient to be completely naked may vary depending on the disease, condition, and treatment options. The doctor will decide whether to perform a nude surgery based on the patient’s specific situation and the doctor’s judgment. Before performing a nude surgery, the doctor will communicate with the patient and inform him or her of the necessity. Possible feelings, and risks to ensure the patient’s informed consent and cooperation. During any medical procedure, patient privacy and personal dignity should be protect. Therefore, doctors and nurses should respect patients’ wishes and rights and avoid excessive disclosure or use of patients’ personal information. At the same time, medical institutions should also take necessary measures to ensure that patients’ privacy is protect. Such as setting up appropriate blocking facilities and strict confidentiality systems. Why are doctors’ surgical gowns green? To protect the doctor’s eyes, surgery is usually perform under a shadowless lamp. The light of the shadowless lamp is relatively bright and dazzling, which will fatigue the doctor’s eyes. Green surgical clothing can reduce the irritation of the light to the doctor’s eyes. During the operation, the doctor will cause the surgical gown to be contaminate with blood due to bleeding and other reasons. Blood is sensitive to red. However, the green surgical gown will still be green after being contaminate with blood. Which does not affect the doctor’s judgment on the progress of the operation. Green is a cool color, which can relieve the doctor’s nervousness and anxiety during surgery. And avoid surgical failure due to emotional fluctuations. How to maintain good health in daily life? First of all, we should pay attention to a healthy diet: Diet is the main source of nutrients for our body. So we should choose a variety of nutritious foods to maintain good health. At the same time, we should also avoid excessive intake of calories and fat to avoid burdening the body. Secondly, we need to maintain a moderate amount of exercise. Moderate exercise can help us enhance our physical fitness, improve our body’s immunity. And also help us maintain a healthy weight. We can choose the exercise method that suits us, such as walking, jogging, swimming, etc. In addition, we should also maintain good sleeping habits. Sleep is an important period for the body to recover and repair. So we should ensure adequate sleep time and maintain good sleep quality. This helps us stay healthy. Finally, we should also pay attention to mental health: mental health and physical health are closely related. So we should maintain a good attitude and avoid mood swings and excessive stress. We can choose some relaxing activities to relieve stress. Such as listening to music and watching movies. , communicate with friends, etc. 2 thoughts on “In the operating room, why don’t doctors wear underwear and patients don’t wear clothes?”

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Belly fat and obesity represent more than cosmetic concerns, posing significant health risks that extend beyond physical appearance. Visceral fat, nestled deep within the abdominal cavity, has been linked to an increased susceptibility to chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular issues. Obesity, a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle, amplifies these risks. Lazy lifestyles, poor dietary choices, and disrupted sleep patterns contribute to the growing prevalence of both belly fat and obesity. Addressing these issues necessitates a holistic approach, emphasizing a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and healthy lifestyle choices. Recognizing the interconnectedness of these factors is key to mitigating the health implications associated with excess abdominal fat and obesity, ultimately paving the way for improved overall well-being. What Are The Main Causes of Increasing Belly Fat? 1. Lethargic Lifestyle The level of activity one engages in has a significant impact on the accumulation of belly fat. Failing to exercise adequately is a major contributor to belly fat. When you consume more calories than you burn, it leads to the accumulation of fat in your body. As the amount of fat in your body grows, reducing it becomes more difficult. Furthermore, research has shown that people who engage in resistance or aerobic exercise for a year after losing weight are able to prevent the accumulation of belly fat. In contrast, those who do not exercise face a 25-38% increase in belly fat. 2. Genetic Issues As per a study, individuals who have genetic strains associated with obesity issues have higher chances of accumulating belly fat and obesity issues. The reason for this is that these genes govern how our bodies respond to food and our metabolism. Someone with a naturally sluggish metabolism will, therefore, be more susceptible to developing a larger waistline. 3. Poor Diet According to research, high sugar consumption and the accumulation of excess belly fat are correlated with each other. Higher intakes of refined sugar-induced foods, such as sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup etc., are added during food processing as preservatives. Although not just refined sugar consumption but any form of excess sugar consumption can be harmful, sugar-sweetened beverages are particularly problematic as it is easy to overindulge in liquids. 4. High Alcohol Intake Just like the high sugar intake level, high alcohol consumption and smoking result in low metabolic rate, increase body fat and make the individual obese. In fact, a study has shown that people who have drinking and smoking habits face more obesity issues than the ones who do not have such habits. The adrenal glands produce Cortisol, famously known as the ‘stress hormone,’ in response to stressful situations. Cortisol causes excess calories to be stored in the belly as fat when stress leads to overeating. This study shows that higher long-term cortisol levels are closely linked to abdominal obesity. Long-term stress can worsen irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and cause bloating and gas. Short-term stress can also cause belly issues, such as vomiting and diarrhea. Also Read: Yoga for Stress Relief How to Reduce Belly Fat? 1. Get Sufficient Sleep Believe it or not, getting enough sleep is actually a solution to the majority of your health problems. According to a study, adults who do not get enough sleep or get only 6 or less than 6 hours of sleep have higher chances of increasing belly fat. Getting less sleep increases the ghrelin levels and lowers the leptin levels in our body, resulting in increased hunger. Getting enough sleep is crucial to maintaining a healthy metabolism and endocrine system. Poor sleep can lead to problems with glucose tolerance, which affects how your body processes sugar. Research suggests that people who have irregular sleep patterns are more likely to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors like binge eating or emotional eating. When you’re tired, you may have a harder time resisting the urge to eat comfort foods, which can cause hormonal imbalances and weight gain. It’s important to get at least 8 hours of good quality sleep every night to keep your weight in check. The quality of your sleep is just as important as how long you sleep. 2. Stay Hydrated Drinking sufficient water can help you lose weight. Scientific research has shown that water is beneficial in breaking down stored fat in the body. Additionally, staying hydrated throughout the day can give you a sense of fullness and reduce your appetite. Sometimes, when we feel hungry, our body is actually in need of water. So, before you grab a snack, try drinking water to see if your body is really craving food. Also Read: The Importance of Staying Hydrated It’s worth noting that water is the best drink for quenching thirst. Other beverages, such as juice or soda, contain sugar, which can increase your calorie intake. Therefore, it’s always better to choose water over any other drink. 3. Exercise Regularly Trying other non-physical remedies for losing belly fat is okay, but the results you get by exercising regularly are far better, effective and quick than the home remedies. Exercising regularly helps manage body weight. However, the intensity of daily exercise routines is a topic of debate. Your workout routine should be based on your gender, age, and BMI if you want safe and effective results within a short time. It is best to seek guidance from a personal fitness trainer before starting high-intensity resistance training. 4. Taking Organic Supplements Incorporating organic supplements like LivPure tablets, Alpilean tablets, and Ikaria lean belly juice into the regular diet can play a supportive role in the journey to lose belly fat. Organic supplements are developed from natural sources like African mango seed, maca root, ginger, capsicum, and many other organic as well as mountainous essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, that are crucial for overall health and metabolism. These supplements can complement a balanced diet by filling potential nutritional gaps and enhancing the body’s ability to metabolize fats efficiently. Also read: Top 10 Foods for a Balanced Diet It’s important to note, however, that while organic supplements can be beneficial, they are most effective when integrated into a holistic approach that includes mindful eating, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle habits. Additionally, consulting with a healthcare professional before incorporating any supplements is advisable to ensure they align with individual health needs and goals. 5. Never Miss Your Breakfast Breakfast is often referred to as the most important meal of the day, as it provides us with the essential energy levels required to kickstart our day. Research has shown that skipping breakfast can have a detrimental impact on our metabolic health. Furthermore, when we skip breakfast, we are more likely to make poor food choices throughout the day, which can lead to weight gain and other health issues. Eating a healthy breakfast can help reduce cravings and prevent excessive hunger throughout the day. Remember to make your breakfast wholesome and healthy by including natural foods such as eggs, oats, fruits, and nuts. Reducing belly fat at home in a month requires a holistic approach that combines mindful eating, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyle habits. While achieving a perfectly flat stomach in such a short timeframe may be challenging, these tips can set you on the path to a trimmer waistline and improved overall health. Remember, consistency is key, and adopting these habits into your daily life will yield lasting results. So, embark on this journey with determination, stay committed, and witness the positive transformation in your body within a month. Stay tuned with Product Reviews for All for more weight loss, diet and wellness-related blogs. Loved this blog? Why not spread the information? Share this blog to your closed ones and stay healthy. Thank you for reading!!!

https://productreview4all.com/how-to-reduce-

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What is an SDK – Software Development Kit? Are you looking for the meaning of the term SDK? Here is an in-depth analysis of what is an SDK, the advantages of using it for software development, use cases, and examples of how to implement it. - 1 Key Takeaways - 2 SDK Definition - 3 What are the advantages of using an SDK? - 4 How does an SDK work? - 5 What are the most common use cases for using an SDK? - 6 What are the most popular SDKs? - 7 SDK Licence Types - 8 Conclusion - 9 FAQ - 10 What does an SDK mean? - 11 What are the advantages of using an SDK? - 12 What are examples of SDK use cases? - SDK is a building block to creating an application; - An SDK helps developers to accelerate software development; - It usually provides code examples, APIs, libraries, etc; - SDKs are available for mobile and web applications; - SDK is not an API. These are two different concepts. SDK stands for Software Development Kit and is a building block to create an application. It contains instructions that let developers build software and develop applications. An SDK consists of one installable package with a set of tools that may include: - APIs – Application Programming Interfaces - Documentation, guides, references, and tutorials - Code Examples - Network protocols - Runtime and development environments An SDK is for software development, as a foundation is for creating a building. It’s a broader concept than APIs and usually incorporates ready-to-use APIs as part of the tool kit. A great SDK will be straightforward, provide code examples, have detailed documentation and tutorials, integrate well with thirty-party SDKs, and be efficient in memory, CPU, and battery consumption. SDKs usually support a combination of both hardware and operating systems. Examples are the iOS SDK for iPhones and iPads, the Android SDK for Android operating systems, and the .NET SDK for Windows-related hardware. SDKs are most commonly available for native mobile applications, but developers can utilize them in connection with websites and other digital products. What are the advantages of using an SDK? The benefits of using an SDK are many, and we will highlight some of them below: - An SDK makes the life of a developer easier A well-designed software development kit will deliver to developers clear instructions, pre-written pieces of code, APIs, and many other elements necessary for a productive development environment. In general, app development is easier using an SDK than programming from scratch. - An SDK reduces software engineering costs A yearly salary of a software engineer in the United States may be as high as six figures. That said, developer time is precious and has to be well allocated to high-value activities. An SDK will deliver out-of-the-box elements to shorten the integration process and avoid developers coding every thirty-party tool from scratch. In most cases, it will also provide detailed documentation and APIs to increase development productivity. - An SDK accelerates time to market A faster time to market is a direct consequence of reducing engineering efforts and optimizing development productivity. The faster a product reaches the market, the quicker it gets honest feedback from users, and the faster the sales cycle starts. Do you want to accelerate app development and reduce the time-to-market of software products? Please learn how Back4App’s SDK can help you to achieve it. - An SDK provides better user experience Some SDKs will come with ready-to-use UI – User Interface elements to enhance the general user experience. The UI blocks may be customizable or not and, in general, will help developers to deliver great UX to end-users. - An SDK provides brand control Another benefit of creating SDKs is controlling how thirty-party developers interact with a company brand. SDKs enable companies to define design patterns according to their brand characteristics and avoid misuse by thirty-party apps. - An SDK improves security In particular, security is a must-have for financial transactions for any application. Payment processors will provide SDKs with embedded security elements like APIs, 3D authentication, etc. How does an SDK work? Generally speaking, SDKs will streamline the implementation of web and mobile app functionalities via out-of-the-box building blocks. The process of using an SDK is simple and summarized below: - Download the SDK for your application. Most times, it will come with detailed instructions and examples. - Add the SDK to an IDE – Integrated Development Environment and leverage the tools available on the kit. - Follow the instructions and enjoy the coding What are the most common use cases for using an SDK? The use cases are spread out across many industries and are almost unlimited. Examples include communications, advertising, CRM, marketing automation, social media, payments, monetization, and analytics. Examples of SDK Implementations SDK implementations include notifications, payments, geo-targeting, advertising, analytics, etc. We will dig deeper into three examples below: Push Notification SDK Example Here is an easy-to-understand example of how an SDK can speed up the implementation of a push notification on a mobile device. Let’s consider a smartphone with an Android operating system for this example. The first step is defining the tool to manage the server-side implementation of the push notification system. Let’s use the Back4App backend for this purpose. Back4App’s SDK helps developers streamline the mobile app notification process, provides seamless app integration, and gives developers fast and direct communication with end-users. The next step is to install the Android SDK to manage the push notifications on the client-side. To do that, please follow the steps below: - Install the Android SDK on your Android Studio project; For detailed steps on installing the Android SDK on Android Studio, please follow the tutorial Install SDK on your Android Studio Project. - Create a Back4App account; After creating your account, please build your first application. You will need the application number to connect it to the SDK. Please use the tutorial Build your first app with Back4App. - Connect the Android SDK to Back4App; The integration of the Android SKD to Back4App is straightforward. You will need an application ID and a client key to move forward. Please follow step 2 of the tutorial Connecting to Back4App. - Connect Back4App to Firebase Firebase provides a free push notification system, and the next step is to connect Back4App to it. Please follow the tutorial Push Notifications Setup for detailed instructions. - Test the Push Notification service This is the final step and please select the Android option on your Back4App dashboard. Define the message you would like to send, the target audience, and press Send Push. That’s all you need to do. The SDK package will perform the necessary actions with Firebase and the mobile devices. Payment SDK Example Here is an easy-to-understand example of how an SDK can speed up implementing a payment system on a mobile device. Let’s consider a smartphone with an Android operating system for this illustration. The first step is defining the tool to manage the server-side implementation of the payment system. Let’s use Stripe for this purpose. Stripe’s Android SDK helps developers create unique payment experiences in an Android app. It delivers ready-to-use customizable UI elements to collect payments. The core features of Stripe’s payment SDK include security, 3D authentication, localization, Native UI elements, and APIs. For further details on installing Stripe’s SDK and accepting payments online, please refer to the Accept Payment Tutorial. Advertising SDK Example Here is an easy-to-understand example of how to monetize an application using an SDK. The first step is defining the tool to manage the server-side implementation of the advertising system. Let’s use IronSource for this purpose. IronSource’s SDK helps developers increase app revenue by connecting to their advertising network. The SDK works for Android and iOS operating systems, provides seamless app integration, and enables developers to implement ads on their applications. What are the most popular SDKs? According to Statista, the most popular SDKs in 2021 are CleverTap, AirShip, Adobe, Braze, and Leanplum. There is another study made by 42matters that segregate the leading SDKs by category. The table below sumarizes the results: Category | Leading SDK | Analytics | Google Firebase | Ad Network | Google AdMob | Commerce | Google Play In-app billing | Attribution | AppsFlyer | Communication | OneSignal | Marketing Automation | Intercom | CRM | Intercom | Social | | Data Inteligence | AltBeacon by Radius Networks | SDK Licence Types An SKD may be subjected to a license agreement, and this is a crucial item to review before committing to any particular vendor. The most common licenses include open source and proprietary options: - GLP – General Public License – It allows users to run, study, share, and modify the software; - Proprietary Licenses – It’s know as non-free software or closed-source software; - LGPL – Lesser General Public License – It is a free-license that allow users to integrate a component into their own software. An SDK is a Software Development Kit used on mobile and web applications. It helps developers streamline application development, providing out-of-the-box building blocks that may include APIs, code samples, documentation, code libraries, etc. Using an SDK makes a developer’s life easier, reduces the total integration costs, accelerates time to market, and controls brand exposure via pre-defined UI elements. The SDK use cases include finance operations, app advertisement, social media, analytics, and many more. SDK licensing protocols follow the same principles as software licenses, and the three most common are the GLP, LGLP, and private licenses. What does an SDK mean? SDK meaning is Software Development Kit and is a building block to creating an application. It contains instructions that let developers build software and develop applications. What are the advantages of using an SDK? – Makes a developer’s life easier – Reduces the total integration costs – Accelerates time to market – Better user experience – Brand control What are examples of SDK use cases? – Social Media

https://blog.back4app.com/what-is-an-sdk/

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What are the 10 deadliest wars in human history? Every body should have one simple right “the right to live”, but sometimes people will deny innocent people these rights and murder them (genocides, ruthless dictators, civil wars, mass executions etc.), and usually when these type of things take place a Superior power will invade and stop the dictator or regime that’s committing atrocities. One thing that the human kind was doing from the beginning of time is “fighting with each other”. Many times the fighting got out of hand and consumed the innocent people. Here we compiled a list of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll. It covers the lowest estimate of death as well as the highest estimate, the name of the event, the location, and the start and end of each event. Some events overlap categories. Here are ten of the deadliest wars in human history (by death toll). 1. World War II World War II, or the Second World War was a global war that was underway by 1939 and ended in 1945. It involved most of the world’s nations, including all of the great powers: Eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. In a state of “total war,” the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare. It was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. 2. Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, led by heterodox Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, who having received visions, maintained that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history. 3. World War I World War I was a major war centered in Europe that began in the summer of 1914 and lasted until November 1918. It involved all of the world’s great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of great technological advances in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. 4. Mongol Conquests The Mongol Empire initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries. Beginning in the Central Asian steppes, it eventually stretched from Eastern Europe to the Sea of Japan, covered Siberia in the north and extended southward into Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. It is commonly referred to as the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world. At its greatest extent it spanned 6,000 mi (9,700 km), covered an area of 33,000,000 km2 (12,700,000 sq mi), 22% of the Earth’s total land area, and held sway over a population of 100 million. 5. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during the Tang Dynasty, from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763. An Lushan, an ex-Tang general, declared himself emperor, establishing the rival Yan Dynasty in Northern China. The rebellion spanned the reign of three Tang emperors before it was quashed. During that time, the registered population declined by up to 36 million, though most of this was due to the breakdown of the census system during the war. 6. Qing dynasty conquest of the Ming Dynasty The Qing Dynasty also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China. The dynasty was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in modern northeast China. Starting in 1644 it expanded into China proper and its surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great Qing. Complete pacification of China was accomplished around 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor. 7. Conquests of Timur-e-Lang Timur was in his lifetime a controversial figure, and remains so today. He sought to restore the Mongol Empire, yet his heaviest blow was against the Islamized Tatar Golden Horde. He was more at home in an urban environment than on the steppe. Timur styled himself a ghazi while conducting wars that severely affected some Muslim states, for example the Ottoman Empire. A great patron of the arts, his campaigns also caused vast destruction. 8. Dungan Revolt The uprising was chaotic and often involved warring factions of bands and military leaders with no goal or purpose, merely to fight, on the western bank of the Yellow River. A common misconception is that it was directed against the Qing Dynasty, but there is no evidence at all showing that they intended to attack the capital of Beijing. When that rebellion failed, mass emigration of the Dungan people into Imperial Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan ensued. 9. Russian Civil War The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and subsequently gained control throughout Russia. 10. Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon’s French Empire by opposing coalitions. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly owing to the application of modern mass conscription. French power rose quickly as Napoleon’s armies conquered much of Europe but collapsed rapidly after France’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon’s empire ultimately suffered complete military defeat resulting in the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in France and the creation of the Concert of Europe. What was the deadliest wars ever? By far the most costly war in terms of human life was World War II (1939–45), in which the total number of fatalities, including battle deaths and civilians of all countries, is estimated to have been 56.4 million, assuming 26.6 million Soviet fatalities and 7.8 million Chinese civilians were killed. source

http://www.wonderslist.com/10-deadliest-wars-in-human-history/

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The balanced use of passive and active voice makes the writing a good piece. Both active and passive voices are the backbone of different writing styles, but the excessive use of passive voice in any writing is not encouraged by many writing standards, universities, and linguists. Those institutes and experts believe that the extensive use of passive voice in academic writings makes them more vague, complex, responsibility evasion, and other such things. Thus, many writers prefer active voice sentences in writings and use an online active voice changer tool, software for passive active writing to keep the use of passive voice at a balanced level. For this purpose, a large number of active voice checker online tools are available in the market nowadays. An Overview: Active, Passive and Passive Voice Checker An active voice is a type of sentence structure in which the subject directly acts upon the subject through the specific verb. The predicate of the sentence normally goes at the end of the sentence. Example 1: Larry operates a lathe machine in the factory. Example 2: He scored seven goals in a football match yesterday. The use of active voices is highly recommended in the following cases: - Literature reviews - To express ideas clearly - To fix direct responsibility - Business communication - Emails and chats - In precise and summary - In all academic papers - Blogs and web articles Passive voice is a kind of sentence structure in which the subject of the sentence is acted upon by the verb through the object of the sentence. In other words, the object of the sentence acts like a subject and acts upon the subject via action denoted by the verb. Example 1: A lathe machine is operated by Larry in the factory. Example 2: Seven goals were scored by him in a football match yesterday. Generally, the excessive use of passive voice in any kinds of writing is not recommended. But, the moderate use of passive voice is suitable in the following cases: - When the doer of work is not relevant - When the doer of work unknown - To describe the general truth - To express scientific researches and experiments - To emphasis the importance of the subject that is acted upon - To express a vague story - And others A Comprehensive Guide: How to Change a Sentence from Passive to Active Voice? How to go from passive to active voice manually? You need to have command over the rules and regulations that govern the procedure of changing active voice sentence to passive voice sentence. If you are new to this procedure, follow the below mentioned step-by-step comprehensive guide with a sample example on how to make a passive sentence active: Sample: The latest research has been reviewed by him in the university. Subject: Him (in objective or agent position) Object: The latest research (in subjective form) Main verb: Reviewed (Past participle form) Auxiliary verb: Has been (passive form) Extension: In the university Step #1: Change objective form of the subject (agent) to subject of the sentence This means, you need to change the “him” from agent position to the start of sentence in the subjective form “He”. Step #2: Move subject to the object position by changing the format from subjective to objective In this case the object is “The latest research”. It should be placed at the end of the sentence in objective format, which is the same “The latest research”. Step #3: Change the form of main verb according to the associated tense In this example, sentence belong to present perfect tense; so, the main verb will remain “reviewed” Step #4: Change the auxiliary verb according to the associated tense The sentence in our consideration is in present perfect tense; so, the auxiliary verb will become “has”. Step #4: Place the extension at the end of the sentence In this case, the extension is “In the university”. Thus, the active voice of the passive sentence in our example becomes: “He has reviewed the latest research in the university.” If you find it very difficult to follow these rules to translate sentences to passive voice or active voice, you can use our active to passive sentence changer online tool without any hesitation for highly accurate results. Most Common Mistakes to Consider While Working with Active and Passive Voice App Writing active and passive sentence conversion is a tricky procedure in which the chances of mistakes are huge. So, you should take care of the following most likely common mistakes in the process: - Conversion of subjective and objective forms of pronouns - Mixing up of tenses - Conversion of auxiliary verb formats - Missing out past participle forms of verbs - Confusion among the actor and other participants - Changing of intransitive verbs into passive - Misuse of irregular verbs - And others Introduction to Specialized Passive Voice Corrector A specialized passive voice finder is a web-based software tool to rephrase my sentence from passive to active voice and vice versa. It checks your entire text online and marks misuses of voices as well as suggests making certain changes required to refine your text to a very high quality. A passive sentence checker online tool is a cloud-based application, in which the latest technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and others are implemented through different software-based algorithms. You can access this online platform through a supported web browser or through an application or a browser plugin. Normally, these tools have numerous additional features other than the specific functions. Top Features and Capabilities of Our Passive Voice Converter Our online active voice translator and sentence fixer tool is highly featured with advanced capabilities to check and correct active voice and passive voice related mistakes easily. It is fully capable of converting all passive voice sentences into active voice and active voice sentences into passive voice simultaneously. Our professional-grade passive voice converter tool has become one of the most popular and reliable tools in a wide range of writers such as students, web users, researchers, business users, and others. Web users can make their writings so simple, effective, and accurate through our online tool. The main reasons of this huge popularity of our tool in web users and other writers are mentioned below: - Higher reliability – The reliability of results produced by our online passive to active voice converter is very high. It is considered as one of the most reliable tools that produce highly accurate results of sentence conversion and correction by numerous universities, linguists, and language institutes. - Rich features – Our online tool provides a wide range of features that are highly desirable for making your text of super quality. The main features can be classified into the core features and the additional features. The core features include the detection of misuses of active and passive voices and correct them accordingly. You can convert specific voices of the sentences as per your requirements of the article. The additional features include the correction of other grammatical mistakes such as misuses of nouns, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and others. It is also capable of finding and fixing punctuation and spelling mistakes simultaneously. - Cost and time saving – Our online tool is free to use with the basic features. It is much faster and produces results within a few seconds. Thus, you save substantial time and money. - Availability and accessibility – Our specialized passive voice detector is a cloud-based application, which is available 24×7. You can access it from anywhere in the world through a supported browser instantly without any waiting queue. - Learning capability – Our specialized tool offers you suggestive learning options, which help you improve your understanding of grammar and writing skills. Top Signs You’ve Chosen the Right Passive Voice Editor To check whether you have chosen the right passive voice editor, verify the following signs. - The results of the tool should be super accurate - Should offer detection and conversion of active/passive voice misuses - Should have ability to check grammatical and punctuation mistakes - It must be super-fast in speed and performance - It should be accessible from anywhere instantly - Spelling checking and word choice functions are must - Should have features of tone, effectiveness, and flow detection - It should have capability to detect plagiarized content - It should be free to use - And much more How Does Our Active to Passive Sentence Converter Software Work? Our active to passive sentence converter software works like a simple web-based cloud application. You need to take the following simple steps to accomplish your task. - Copy and paste the text that you want to convert - Click the “check my text” button run the software - Misuses and mistakes are detected and highlighted - Click the highlighted words and sentences for correction - You are done!

https://www.sentenceconverter.com/excellent-passive-to-active-voice-converter-

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When many of us go to the market or grocery stores to buy our Milk, we buy based on the brands that we like and do not take nutrition into consideration most times. Many of us have the impression that milk is milk and do not know that different manufacturers pack different types of milk for sale. Maybe if we understand that the different milks are not the same in composition and hence have different effect on our health, you would consider looking at that milk container when next you hit the grocery store. If you have ever bothered to check the containers/labels of milk, I am sure you would have come across terms such as skim or skimmed milk and full cream milk or simply cream milk. They mean different thing and thus have slightly different taste (if you can sense that) and different health benefits. The Differences Between Skimmed Milk & Full Cream Milk Okay, let me start by giving a short description of milk. It is a whitish nutritious liquid secreted by the mammary gland of mammals and has a lot of health benefits. All mammals produce milk; however, the most common milk sold commercially is that of the cow. In some parts of the world, milk from sheep and goats are consumed and sold. Full Cream Milk vs Skimmed Milk 1. Major Difference Between Skimmed Milk & Cream Milk The full cream milk, also known as whole milk is the milk in the form we get them from animals while skimmed milk is whole milk from dairy cows that has had most of or all of its fat removed. So, if you are looking to burn down fat, you may not want to add to it by consuming more of whole milk. 2. Saturated Fat Contained In Skimmed Milk and Cream Milk A typical full cream milk would normally contain around 5 grammes of saturated fat per one-cup serving. This is 20 percent of the daily limit. Now consider that you may also eat other fatty foods such as cheese, butter, coconut oil and other foods rich in saturated fat in a single day. This makes it easy for you to overshoot 25 grams per day. 3. Nutritional Composition of roughly 236ml serving of milk Full cream milk; Protein: 7.9 g Carbohydrates: 11 g Calcium: 276.1 mg Potassium: 349 mg Cholesterol: 24 mg Sodium: 98 mg Same volume of skim milk: Protein: 8.7 g Carbohydrates: 12.3 g Calcium: 349 mg Potassium: 419 mg Cholesterol: 5 mg Sodium: 130 mg 4. Vitamin Composition of the 2 Milks Some people prefer to take skimmed milk because it does not contain fat but what they don’t know is that, unlike full cream milk which contains both water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, skimmed milk lacks the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). This is because the Vitamins have been skimmed alongside with the fat during the production process. It’s simple, they are only soluble in fat, so they are dissolved in the fat. What happens when the fat is removed? The vitamins are removed too. In conclusion, what you want from milk determines the type of milk that you choose when next you go shopping for milk. By the way, cream milk tastes better than skimmed milk. #JustSaying

http://www.foodsng.com/differences-between-full-cream-

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Racial stereotypes are a damaging and dangerous part of society. By lumping an entire people into false generalizations, categories, and definitions; it demeans their identity and strips away their humanity. Once that happens, it’s all too easy to stop seeing the person for who they really are and only see the stereotype. In many cases, stereotypes aren’t just a matter of happenstance but used as a weapon against a race to reduce their social, political, or cultural standing. In today’s modern culture, some stereotypes have also been thinly veiled, making them difficult to recognize. We all have a responsibility to weed out the destructive stereotypes and celebrate individuality and culture. The first step is to stay well-informed. Here are 25 Shocking Racial Stereotypes Seen In Everyday Life. Too often popular culture pushes the idea that all Asians are super smart and good at math. This stereotype is commonly found in television and film. It’s also part of a “model minority” stereotype which lumps an entire race under one positive definition. However positive, stereotypes hurt people forcing them to uphold a standard that isn’t fair or true. The “Angry Latina” stereotype unfairly assumes all latin women are fiery, angry, or overly opinionated. The “Magical Negro” is a film and television stereotype that refuses to die and more frequently popped up in the 90’s with movies like The Matrix, The Legend of Bagger Vance, The Green Mile, and What Dreams May Come. This stereotype always has a saintly African-American character guiding the white hero over his obstacles and to his intended goal. The “Firewater” myth and stereotype incorrectly states that all Native Americans are genetically prone to alcoholism. However, there is no evidence to back this up. Like most stereotypes, it’s used as a way to victim-blame and push racial inferiority. Coming originally from the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the Tom character portrays black men as faithful, submissive servants who will never rebel and are happy and giddy all the time. This stereotype was especially propagated in early Hollywood films. For years, film and television have stereotyped and sexualized Arab women as “Belly Dancers,” or essentially just sexual objects surrounding men for their pleasure. The “Welfare Queen” stereotype started in journalistic communities; a speech by Ronald Reagan fueled the fire and perpetuated this myth about welfare. It’s an especially damaging stereotype that holds that all African-American mothers feed off the welfare system, living comfortable lives. The “Arab-as-Terrorist” stereotype suggests all Arab people are terrorists. This has especially been propagated by video games, movies, and politics. One of the most outrageous stereotypes in American culture is “Jim Crow.” Started by Thomas D. Rice at the beginning of the 19th century, he decided to put on “blackface” makeup and sang his adaptations of slave music and called it “The Jim Crow Jump.” Over time, it became a powerful and incredibly damaging stereotype equal to calling all African-Americans inferior and less intellectual. The Dragon Lady The Dragon Lady stereotype is most prevalent in film and is one of the earliest portrayals of Asian women. It shows Asian women as deceitful, cunning, and hyper-sexualized. While Arab women are portrayed as sexualized belly dancers in movies, Arab men are stereotyped as villainous, barbaric, and always riding camels. The Jezebel stereotype propagates the idea that all black women are seductive, alluring, lewd, and even predatory. In contrast, white women were shown as the height of self-respect and dignity. It’s been a stereotype for centuries and is pushed mostly today in modern media. The “Kung Fu” stereotype states all Asians know and are good at martial arts. This is especially prevalent in cinema and usually involves a white character getting the help of an Asian kung fu master. The Indian Princess stereotype makes all Native American women adventurous, fierce, demure, maidenly, and deeply committed to a white man. Examples of this can be found in the Disney movies Peter Pan and Pocahontas. “The Mammy” is a long-enduring stereotype and caricature of African-American women. Resembling “Uncle Tom,” the Mammy served the political, social, and economic interests in southern America by showing African-American women as always smiling, happy, and eager to serve their white masters. The Mammy belongs to the white family and loves them. And unlike the “Jezebel” stereotype, she is completely desexualized. One of the longest lasting and continuing expressions of this is Aunt Jemima. The stereotype that all Jewish people are rich, wealthy, and good at business has permeated throughout human history. But the truth is Jewish people have existed in all socio-economic levels and have also suffered tremendous persecution and suffering from these false stereotypes. The character Shylock in William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is a quintessential example of this racist stereotype. The “Fried Chicken” stereotype says all African-Americans like to only eat fried chicken. During the horrific era of American slavery, southern slave owners found chicken to be the best way to feed their slaves. However, this stereotype kicked into high gear with the release of Birth of a Nation, a racist film in 1915. Similar to the fried chicken stereotype, the “Watermelon” stereotype depicts all African-Americans loving and eating watermelon. It can be traced back to when African-Americans won their freedom after the American Civil War. Now free, many would make a living farming, eating, and selling watermelon and even made it a symbol of their freedom. Threatened by this, Southern whites turned it into a negative racial stereotype of African-Americans’ perceived uncleanliness, laziness, and childishness. Above, you can see an example of how this stereotype was used as propaganda. The “White Trash” stereotype percieves all poor white people, especially those in the American South, as being stupid, simple-minded, and lazy, sitting around watching NASCAR, collecting junker cars, and drinking cheap beer. The Brute Caricature “The Brute” caricature perceives all African-American men as animalistic, savage, destructive and criminal. They are depicted as anti-social predators, preying on helpless victims, especially white women. After the American Civil War, many Southern writers perpetuated this myth to try to convince people that slavery helped keep African-American men in line. The Patriarchal Latino The “Patriarchal Latino” stereotype depicts all Latino men as being tough, machismo, misogynist, and lacking an education. Occasionally, this stereotype goes further and perceives them as being abusive to their wives, having tattoos, belonging in gangs, or having been in prison. Angry Black Woman The “Angry Black Woman” stereotype demeans and negatively criticizes African-American women who stand out, speak up, and try to be the best at what they do by perceiving them as angry and overly-opinionated. “Redface” is just as offensive as blackface but sadly more commonly ignored. From generic Native American Halloween costumes to NFL sports teams symbols and names, Redface is a stereotype that depicts all Native Americans as culturally the same rather than a diverse group of many nations with individual cultures, languages, traditions, and dress. Latino Immigrants are Rapists and Murderers In last year’s US Presidential Election, Donald Trump made a speech depicting Latino immigrants as rapists and murderers. While he certainly didn’t start the stereotype, and we can’t speak to his motives, unfortunately, he helped to legitimize and propagate it on the national stage. This stereotype is demeaning, dangerous, and derives from American xenophobia in an attempt to influence political opinions on immigration policy. “The Coon” stereotype is quite possibly one of the most insulting, demeaning, and disgusting stereotypes of African-Americans. It describes them as lazy, easily frightened, and inarticulate buffoons. It’s been used to reduce African-Americans to children who weren’t mature enough to have freedom. Unfortunately, its permeated throughout American culture and media and continues to this day in various and veiled forms. Lists Going Viral Right Now Photo: 25. Pixabay.com (Public Domain), 24. Prayitno / Thank you for via flickr. CC BY 2.0, 23. Imdb (Fair Use: Illustrative Purposes Only), 22. Nik Frey (niksan), Flaming cocktails, CC BY 2.5, 21. Wikipedia Commons.com (Public Domain), 20. Etan J. Tal, BellyDancerMarrakech, CC BY 3.0, 19. Wikipedia Commons.com (Public Domain), 18. Peter Hagyo-Kovacs, Arab-Market-2, CC BY-SA 3.0, 17. Wikipedia Commons.com (Public Domain), 16. LookingInThePopularCultureMirror.Wordpress (Fair Use: Illustrative Purposes Only), 15. Pixabay.com (Public Domain), 14. Ferris.edu (Fair Use: Illustrative Purposes Only), 13 – 10. Wikipedia Commons.com (Public Domain), 9. Pixabay.com (Public Domain), 8. Wikipedia Commons.com (Public Domain), 7. Joe Sepielli via flickr. CC BY 2.0, 6. Ferris.edu (Fair Use: Illustrative Purposes Only), 5. Jason Regan, Tattoo withchild, CC BY 2.0, 4. Pixabay.com (Public Domain), 3. Keith Allison via flickr. CC BY 2.0, 2. Arasmus Photo, Immigration Reform Leaders Arrested 1, CC BY 2.0, 1. Ferris.edu (Fair Use: Illustrative Purposes Only)

https://list25.com/25-shocking-racial-stereotypes-seen-in-everyday-life/5/

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HOW TO WRITE AN ACCEPTABLE ABSTRACT October 1st, 2018 by Clement Okon. Email: [email protected] An abstract is a brief summary of a research project, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. It is a clear, accurate and concise summary of a research. It is usually written at the end of the research after the rest of the project report has been completed. An abstract should be between 100 - 250 words of length and should get the reader interested in the research paper. Knowing how abstracts are structured is the first step towards writing an awesome abstract. Structure of an Abstract 1. Overview of the Study (Research Problem, Aim and Objectives) 2. Methods/Research Methodology Overview of the Study (Research Problem, Aim and Objectives) This section explains the main purpose of the work. Students need to ensure readers easily get what the research aims and objectives are as well as the problems motivating the researcher to carry out the study. This section of the abstract should briefly talk about the research methods employed in the research. With one or two sentences, you should let your readers know the method data collection, research methodology, research instruments and techniques used in the study. The third section should indicate the main findings or results. Use one or two sentences to state the important results of the research. This last section is where you draw conclusions from the analysis of your results and findings. Based on these results and findings, you should also give your readers suitable recommendations and/or suggestions. Characteristics of a good abstract 1. The abstract should be written in a block paragraph(no indention). 2. An abstract should not be evaluative. 3. Use an active voice when writing an abstract. 4. Use past tense when writing an abstract. 5. Should be between 100 - 250 words. Basically, when writing an abstract, you should ensure it is brief and engaging. This is important because it informs your readers(including your supervisor) whether to continue reading. Common mistakes made when writing an abstract 1. Lengthy Abstracts: A standard abstract should be between 100 - 250 words. 2. Use of Ambiguous Words: Use simple words so that your readers can understand. 3. Including References: You should only include references when it is unavoidable. Be careful not to include too many references (Not globally accepted). 4. Not including significant points 5. Avoid writing abstracts when you have not completed your research. Example of an abstract: This study was carried out to investigate politics and gender inequality in Kaduna State using Kaduna North Local Government Area. To achieve this objective, three research questions and tow research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages and tables to analyze research questions and Chi-square statistical tool was used for testing of research hypotheses using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. A structured questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data collection from the respondents in Kaduna North Local Government Area. After careful analysis of the data, the following findings were revealed that; women participation improves the politics of Kaduna State; there is a significant relationship between the nature of women participation in politics in Kaduna State. The study was concluded with some recommendations that women should be oriented about the need to participate in politics and government at all level should encourage Girl child education which can be made compulsory that all female of school age should go to school free of charge. This will give them equal opportunity with their male counterparts.

https://eduproject.com.ng/post/how-to-write-an-acceptable-abstract

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Thousands of lightning bolts strike the Earth’s surface roughly every couple of seconds, but despite their ubiquity, this phenomena is somewhat poorly understood. Lightning is also unpredictable. While humans have been placing lightning rods for centuries to increase the probability of striking in a certain fixed point, its path cannot be controlled. That may be true in nature, but in the confinement of a lab of the INRS Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications research centre (Varennes, QC, Canada), scientists have defied this common knowledge and used lasers to coax lighting to follow a predefined path. Lightning is one of the most powerful forces found in nature (if one single lightning strike was harnessed, the energy would power an entire home for a whole week), but at its core we can say that lightning is nothing but a discharge of static electricity. What we know from static electricity is that these discharges are caused by separation of charges into positive and negative ions. Over time more of one charge builds until its natural attraction to the opposite charge causes it to migrate in an electrical discharge. In the case of lightning, the charge is built up in water. So, when you discharge static electricity between two tiny electrodes that’s basically a mini lightning strike – a couple of million volts short of the real deal discharged in thunder clouds. Electric arcs are used for all kinds of applications, from things as simple as ignition in a vehicle, to pollution control, to micromachining. Now, if you could also control the path of electric arc, then a slew of other potential applications could open up. One first baby step was made by the team at Advanced Laser Light Source facility, INRS. Their experiment was based on the self-healing properties of certain laser beams. When a laser beam is obstructed by an object, it can sometimes reconstruct its intensity once past the object. Using various laser shapes, like Airy beams and Bessel beams, the researchers guided electrical discharges and effectively controlled the path of mini lightning bolts, as described in Science Advances. “Our fascination with lightning and electric arcs aside, this scientific discovery holds out significant potential and opens up new fields of research,” said Yves Bégin, vice dean of research and academic affairs at INRS. “This spectacular proof of concept, which was conducted over a distance of a few centimetres, required the high-power lasers, state-of-the-art facilities, and extraordinary research environment that our professors helped to create at INRS. Being able to work in such cutting-edge labs enables our students and postdoctoral fellows to embark on the path of scientific discovery even while still in school.” Was this helpful?

http://www.zmescience.com/science/physics/control-path-lightning-

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ANOVA Training Overview Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups and determine if there are significant differences among them. It enables researchers and analysts to examine how various factors affect the dependent variable and whether these factors have a meaningful impact. ANOVA is particularly valuable when dealing with multiple groups and provides a comprehensive understanding of the data’s variability. By partitioning the total variance into different components, ANOVA helps identify the sources of variation, allowing for more informed decision-making and hypothesis testing. Importance of ANOVA in Data Analysis ANOVA holds immense importance in the realm of data analysis due to its versatility and efficiency in handling multiple group comparisons. Researchers and analysts rely on ANOVA to draw meaningful conclusions and determine the significance of various factors in their studies. By providing a robust framework for comparing means, ANOVA helps uncover patterns and differences that might not be evident through other statistical techniques. Its ability to address a wide range of research questions makes it a fundamental tool in many scientific investigations, enabling evidence-based decision-making and contributing to the advancement of knowledge across various disciplines. Applications of ANOVA in Various Industries The applications of ANOVA span across diverse industries, making it a vital tool in various professional fields. In marketing and market research, ANOVA helps businesses evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing strategies, enabling them to optimize their campaigns and offerings. In manufacturing and quality control, ANOVA assists in analyzing variations in product quality, aiding companies in identifying factors that may influence production processes and ensuring consistent product standards. In biomedical research, ANOVA is commonly used in clinical trials to assess the efficacy of various treatments across multiple groups, leading to evidence-based medical decisions. Furthermore, in education, ANOVA enables educators to assess the impact of different teaching methods or interventions on students’ academic performance, contributing to educational improvement. Additionally, ANOVA finds applications in environmental studies, social sciences, and many other fields, offering valuable insights into complex data patterns and group comparisons. Why Choose Swades QMS for ANOVA Training Swades QMS is a reputable and trusted name in the field of statistical training. We have extensive expertise in providing high-quality data analysis training to professionals and researchers from various industries. Our ANOVA training programs are designed and delivered by experienced statisticians and data analysts who possess in-depth knowledge of ANOVA and its practical applications. With Swades QMS, you can be assured of receiving top-notch education from experts who are passionate about imparting their statistical knowledge. Experienced Instructors with Advanced Knowledge of ANOVA At Swades QMS, we take pride in our team of instructors who are well-versed in the intricacies of ANOVA and its complexities. Our instructors have a wealth of experience in conducting ANOVA studies and are equipped with advanced knowledge of statistical techniques. They bring real-world insights to the training sessions, ensuring that participants gain a deep understanding of ANOVA concepts and how to apply them effectively in their research or work projects. Practical Hands-on Approach to Learning We believe that learning ANOVA goes beyond theory; it requires practical application to master the skills effectively. Therefore, our ANOVA training programs at Swades QMS adopt a hands-on approach, providing participants with opportunities to work with real datasets and conduct ANOVA analyses themselves. Through interactive exercises and practical examples, you will gain the confidence and proficiency needed to apply ANOVA techniques in real-world scenarios. Customized Training Programs to Suit Diverse Skill Levels At Swades QMS, we understand that participants come from various backgrounds and have different levels of statistical expertise. To cater to diverse skill levels, our ANOVA training programs are customized and tailored to meet individual needs. Whether you are a beginner seeking a comprehensive introduction to ANOVA or an experienced analyst looking to enhance your skills, our training programs are designed to accommodate and challenge each participant accordingly. Fundamentals of ANOVA - Understanding Variability and Its Importance - Hypothesis Testing in ANOVA - Assumptions and Preparing Data for ANOVA - Comparing Means of Three or More Groups - Post Hoc Tests for Multiple Comparisons - Analyzing Two Independent Factors - Interactions and Interpretation - Analyzing Multiple Independent Factors Simultaneously - Advanced Techniques and Applications Training Format Options - Location and Schedule - Group Size and Interactive Learning Live Online Training - Virtual Classroom Experience - Real-time Interaction with Instructors - Self-paced Learning - Access to Recorded Session Who Should Attend - Data Analysts and Statisticians - Researchers and Academicians - Business Professionals in Marketing and Market Research - Anyone Seeking to Master ANOVA for Data Analysis Our mission at Swades QMS is to be a catalyst for positive change by equipping individuals and organizations with comprehensive ANOVA training and resources. We aim to foster a culture of continuous improvement and empower businesses to thrive in a competitive global landscape. Our vision is to be recognized as a leading provider of quality management solutions, driving impactful transformation and enhancing business success.

https://swadesqms.com/anova-

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As a result of Mexico’s geography and different climate zones, there is a great deal of diverse flora and fauna found throughout the country, many of which are endemic In order to protect such diversity, there are 93 protected areas in Mexico that makeup around 6% of the country. There are nine different types of natural protected areas that include Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, National Marine Parks, and Ecological Conservation Zones among others. Many of Mexico’s national parks were created during the 1930s, and popular parks include Grutas de Cacahuamilpa National Park, Canyon del Sumidero National Park, and Basaseachic Falls National Park. Post a Comment

https://www.walkbrazil4k.com/2022/05/beautiful-nature-of-mexico.html?m=1

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Cereals are underated most times as snacks and comfort food or just taken whenever you feel like indulging in junks. However, this is far from the truth as cereals are one of the most important part of our diet and without it, one runs a risk of having countless illnesses. Why Is Cereal Important? 1. Cereals are a very good source of dietary fibres. Sometimes I get emotional when I write, that’s because I believe if people are well informed, they would not find themselves in bad situations. Do you know what fibre does in the body? why are they so essential to our health? Food fibres dissolves in the stomach and form a gel like substance that allows digested food to be slowly absorbed into the body. This stabilizes sugar level and prevent cholesterol build up ultimately preventing Diabetes It also allows for free movement of waste product in the large intestine and prevents haemorroids. It also keeps your weight in check and makes you live long. 2. Cereals are an excellent source of breakfast from corn flakes to oats. Why Breakfast is a must!!! * It’s the most important food of the day as it improves concentration at work and prevents loss of memory. No wonder many companies provide breakfast for their top workers; the engine room to their organizations * It keeps you from consuming junks which affects your body weight and injest lots of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) into your system. It summarily keeps your heart in good shape. 3. Cereals are rich source of vitamins, carbs, minerals like iron and protein so they supply energy needed and nutrients for the day and they are easily digested. 4. Cereals are healthy because they can be combined and taking directly with different fruits, vegetables and milk. 5. In the case of having a picky eater on your hands, cereals can be easily planned and incorporated into good and attractive dishes any picky eater cannot resist. 6. They contain phytosterol which prevents cancer like breast cancer by blocking oestrogen that causes breast cancer. 7. Cereals are also very good for children. This is because children requires a lot of nutrients for their body growth, daily activities. This can be gotten from cereals which is dense with nutrition. They are also relatively cheap to procure, sweet and are easy to prepare unlike most foods. They save you a lot of money trying to get pastries or burgers at work. To cap it up, one is guaranteed a healthy and strong life if one can incorporate cereal into his or her life. I hope you find this article helpful, pls comment and share this post to encourage me for more articles. Leave a Review

https://www.caterbakes.com/2019/02/why-every-homes-must-

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Do you know the best and safest place to sit in an aircraft ? The experiment was designed for scientists to study the crash-worthiness of the aircraft’s airframe and cabin as well as the impact of crashes on the human body. The aircraft’s original owner was Singapore Airlines before being sold to last US’s Broken Wing LLC of Webster Groves, who planned and executed the experiment. The Boeing 727 airliner took off with the flight crew and a small group of passengers with a Chase Plane following close behind. They later parachuted to safety and flew the aeroplane by remote control from the Chase Plane to the crash site. The aeroplane hit the ground at 140 miles per hour ( about 230 km/h), breaking up into several sections. The conclusion for this test with the front hitting the ground first was that passengers at the front of an aircraft would be the ones most at risk in a crash. Passengers seated in the middle third of the plane had a 39% fatality rate, aisle seats in the middle had a 44% fatality rate and seats in the front third had a 38% rate. Passengers seated closer to the airplane’s wings would have suffered serious but survivable injuries. The test dummies near the tail were largely intact meaning passengers there are likely to suffer minor injuries unlike those in front. In other crashes where the tail or back of a plane hits the ground first, the reverse might apply. Flying is still the safest form of transportion. Remember that the chances of dying in a car crash are 1 in 112 while the odds of dying in a plane crash are 1 in 8,000. Which side of the plane is your favourite and why?

https://autojosh.com/scientists-deliberately-crashed-this-aeroplane-to-learn-

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Holistic growth is vital for children. Parents must focus on developing their kids’ social and emotional learning as well. Parents must focus on developing their kids’ social and emotional learning as well. You can achieve this through many fun social-emotional learning activities for preschool kids. Parents want their kids to thrive in school, have friends, stay active, and be healthy. They also understand the importance of nurturing their kids’ kindness and empathy. That’s why they are focusing on social-emotional learning activities for preschoolers. These activities help kids understand their emotions, and be kind to others. Kids also learn self-awareness, emotional control, making friends, and making good choices. Kids learn many things when they engage in social-emotional learning activities. They learn how to manage emotions, show compassion, and make responsible decisions. Supporting your kids’ social-emotional growth at home doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some easy activities to develop social-emotional learning. These activities will set them on a path to becoming well-rounded individuals. Kids will learn to contribute to their communities. Owning a pet can have a positive impact on kids’ development. Pets help them learn kindness and responsibility. Kids might often display occasional frustration or anger towards adults and peers. But they often show unconditional affection towards their pets. Pets like dogs, cats, rabbits, or hamsters can become their beloved companions. They teach kids valuable life lessons. Caring for a pet teaches kids the importance of nurturing. They start thinking about the needs of another living being. They learn to feed and take care of their pet, fostering a sense of responsibility and empathy. Pets also provide a unique form of emotional support. When kids are feeling upset or angry, spending time with their pets can bring a sense of calm and comfort. The bond between a kid and their pet is very special. Having a pet can teach kids to be kind and empathetic. By treating animals with kindness, kids develop empathy. Playing with a pet every day is a fun way for kids to learn and grow. Having a pet at home can help kids become caring and compassionate individuals. You can play a verbal game or use cue cards to engage your child in a thoughtful conversation. When you question kids about relatable situations, you gain insights into their mindset. Their answers help you understand how they will handle different emotional situations. Their responses will help you gauge their level of maturity and kindness. You can ask your kid questions like, “If a boy falls down in the park and other kids laugh, is that right or wrong?” or “If you see a new girl sitting alone in your class, what would you do?” By talking about such situations, you can help your child think about how they would react. If their answers show kindness and a desire to help, it means they are growing up to be caring individuals. If their responses are not so kind, you can explain why it’s important to be thoughtful. Encourage them to make better choices. By playing this game, you can help your kid learn to be kind and caring. It teaches them how to treat others with empathy. They learn to make thoughtful choices in their actions. Encourage your kid to keep a “kindness calendar” at home. Each day, they can write down one kind thing they did for someone else. It could be something at school, like sharing, or something at home like doing a chore or helping a family member. They will learn how to act in the community with this activity. Every few weeks, look at the calendar together and praise their acts of kindness. You can even reward them to keep them motivated and excited about being kind. This simple activity helps your kid develop empathy and boosts your self-esteem. It encourages them to keep spreading kindness every day. Reviewing the kindness calendar together every few weeks. It is a chance to appreciate and praise your kid’s kind actions. This boosts their confidence and reminds them of the importance of being caring. You can reward and motivate your child for their kindness. This activity makes them proud of making others happy. You can also arrange play dates and group activities to boost your kid’s social skills. Being around other kids helps them learn how to interact and express their feelings. These activities teach them to handle their emotions better instead of having tantrums. These are a few of the many social-emotional activities. They can practice at home or in one’s local surroundings. Here is a way to further enhance their social skills. You could encourage more play dates and group activities. Kids will learn to be social when they are around other kids. Moreover, these activities will help kids understand their feelings and communicate about them. With time, they will learn how to act on those feelings instead of throwing a tantrum. There are many learning apps by SKIDOS that teach kids about social-emotional learning. It teaches them about taking care of animals, making friends, being kind, and much more. Social-emotional learning is a necessary value to learn. It will help your kids become empathetic toward everything around them. Explore our learning apps and other social-emotional activities today. Help your kids grow up to be beautiful human beings. This could be one of the handiest ways to teach your kids key skills. With some interesting games, kids can learn all about social-emotional learning. SKIDOS’s interactive learning games for kids are designed for 2 – 11-year-olds & are aligned with their academic objectives. With our educational games, guide your children to become confident learners in math, coding, & reading. Introduce them to 21st-century skills that will help them prepare for a brighter future. With easy-to-access weekly reports, you can keep an eye on their progress, too. With a SKIDOS Pass, you get the best value of:

https://skidos.com/blog/social-emotional-learning-activities-for-

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When starting to learn addition and subtraction, children may hit a roadblock. Learning numbers can seem easy but to combine or divide them can seem difficult. But you can help make maths easy for your children. From using every day activities to introducing them to learning games, here are five tips for learning addition and subtraction and make numbers fun. Does your child like gummy bears or other candies? Let them count how many gummy bears they have on their plate. Do they like chocolates? Let them count the number of pieces in a bag. Start with one and ask them to add one more to it. Now they have two. Continue this process till it becomes fun for them and they start doing it on their own. Use the same trick to teach them subtraction. Give them five gummy bears and ask them to count. Now remove one from the plate. Voila! They are left with four. The best part for you? You can do this with anything that they like to eat. Colouring is definitely a good way to keep your child engaged while you finish your chores. But what if colouring could also teach your children addition and subtraction? Use colouring as a learning game. Draw a pie or a grid or a big flower. Now give your children simple addition problems. Let them solve the equation and then colour the answer. For example: What is 1+1? If they can give the correct answer (in this case 2) then they will colour two parts of the pie or two petals of the flower. This will keep them engaged and make it easy and fun for them to complete their math homework. Let each clue of the board game be an addition or subtraction problem, similar to snakes and ladder. The answer to every addition sum will make them move ahead in the game. If they land on a subtraction sum then the answer will make them go backwards. The more number of addition problems they solve correctly, the faster they win the game. Keep some double digit addition problems. Correct answers to these will help them jump ahead in the game. Children learn best when they play games. Let their learning be a fun way to pass time rather than a task to complete every day. Kids today spend more time on smartphones and tablets, almost to the point of addiction. But you can help your child turn an addiction to education. Instead of taking away the gadgets, make them a tool to help your child with addition and subtraction. Simply download quality learning games for kids and let them play while they learn. These will make their time spent on gadgets more useful and introduce them to more useful games. Do your children have a favourite game? Do they play with action figures or build towers with Lego? Why not count the number of action figures they have or the number of bricks they use to build their tower? After a hard day’s work, this can prove to be an effective way of spending time with your children while helping them learn. Do you have a fun way of teaching your children math? Share it with us in the comments below.

https://skidos.com/blog/math-

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Table of Contents This ethical hacking guide explains what Bluetooth hacking is, how Bluetooth attacks work, types of Bluetooth attacks and its prevention in cyber security. What is Bluetooth Hacking? Bluetooth hacking refers to gaining unauthorized access to Bluetooth-enabled devices or data by exploiting vulnerabilities in the Bluetooth protocol. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows the exchange of data over short distances between mobile devices, computers, and other electronic gadgets. Since it is widely used in everyday devices such as smartphones, laptops, and IoT devices, it presents an attractive target for attackers. The goal of Bluetooth hacking can vary depending on the attacker's motives. For example, an attacker may want to steal sensitive information from a mobile phone, such as contacts, text messages, or passwords. Alternatively, an attacker may want to take control of a device, make unauthorized phone calls, send text messages, or eavesdrop on conversations. How Bluetooth Attacks Work? Bluetooth attacks generally exploit weaknesses in the Bluetooth communication protocol, which might include outdated security features, weak encryption, or flaws in the device's Bluetooth software. Attackers often use specialized software tools to intercept or send Bluetooth signals without user permission. Steps in a Bluetooth Attack: - Discovery: The attacker scans for discoverable Bluetooth devices within range. - Connection: Using known vulnerabilities, the attacker attempts to establish a connection with the target device. - Exploitation: Once connected, the attacker exploits vulnerabilities to carry out malicious actions. - Data Extraction or Interference: The attacker may steal data, inject malware, or cause the device to malfunction. Types of Bluetooth Attacks Depending on the attacker's objectives and the vulnerabilities found, several types of attacks can be launched: 1. BluePrinting Attack Bluetooth devices can be fingerprinted or probed to collect information using a technique known as BluePrinting. By using this method an attacker can obtain details about the target device such as manufacturer, model, version etc., which can be further used to find vulnerabilities and exploit them for illegitimate purpose. 2. BlueJacking Attack Bluejacking is a type of Bluetooth-based attack that involves sending unsolicited messages or data to a nearby Bluetooth-enabled device. To carry out a bluejacking attack, the attacker does not need to pair with the victim's device or have any prior authorization to send the message or file. Bluejacking is typically harmless and does not involve stealing or manipulating data on the victim's device. Instead, it is often used as a prank or a way to get the victim's attention. 3. BlueSnarfing Attack Bluesnarfing is a type of Bluetooth attack in which an attacker gains unauthorized access to a Bluetooth-enabled device and accesses sensitive data, such as contacts, messages, photos, videos, and other personal information. To execute the Bluesnarfing attack, the attacker exploits vulnerabilities in the OBEX (Object Exchange) protocol. 4. BlueBugging Attack Bluebugging is a type of Bluetooth attack in which an attacker gains unauthorized access to a Bluetooth-enabled device, and takes control of the device to make calls, send messages, or access sensitive data, without the user's consent. In some cases, the attacker can even use the device to install malware or other malicious software. Bluebugging attacks can be carried out from a distance of up to 100 meters, which means that attackers can target devices from a nearby location without being detected. This makes bluebugging a serious security threat, especially in public places. Preventing Bluetooth Attacks There are several steps you can take to prevent bluetooth hacks: - Keep Bluetooth turned off when not in use - Use strong passwords or PIN codes - Use the latest software and security updates - Pair only with known devices - Avoid using Bluetooth in public places - Disable Bluetooth discovery mode - Use Bluetooth encryption While Bluetooth technology offers tremendous convenience, its vulnerabilities can pose significant security risks, especially with the proliferation of Bluetooth-enabled IoT devices. By understanding how Bluetooth attacks work and implementing strong security measures, individuals and businesses can mitigate the risk of Bluetooth hacks and protect sensitive information from malicious actors.

https://www.insecure.in/bluetooth_hacking.asp

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Blockchains are assured to shape the future, with immense potential to transform various industries, much like electricity and the internet did. Currently, in its early stages, blockchain technology is undergoing widespread development worldwide to bolster its adoption. Key players like Hyperledger, Corda, and Ethereum are actively addressing challenges to accelerate the acceptance and implementation of blockchain. These advancements aim to propel the rate of blockchain adoption, revolutionizing numerous aspects of our lives. Blockchain Network – Overview The development of blockchain involves the creation of a secure, decentralized ledger technology that records and tracks transactions and assets across a network. This technology has significant value across various industries due to its ability to facilitate fast, accurate, and secure information sharing. Whether it’s monitoring orders, accounts, payments, production, or any other data, a blockchain network provides transparent delivery and storage for authorized members of the network. Various types of Blockchain Network Blockchains can be categorized into three types: Private Blockchain Network – utilized within specific internal networks with known users (e.g., Hyperledger Fabric); Public Blockchain Network – where all activities are transparently visible to everyone (Bitcoin, Ethereum). Hybrid Blockchain Network – offering a combination of features from both private and public blockchains. Features of the Blockchain network When building a blockchain network, there are several must-have features that are essential for its functionality and security. A blockchain network should be decentralized, meaning there is no central authority controlling the system. Instead, it relies on a distributed network of nodes that participate in the validation and consensus processes. The blockchain network maintains a distributed ledger, which is a transparent and immutable record of all transactions and data stored on the network. Consensus mechanisms are algorithms or protocols that enable nodes in the network to agree on the validity of transactions and the order in which they are added to the blockchain. 4.Security and cryptography: Blockchain networks employ cryptographic techniques to ensure the security and integrity of data and transactions. This includes techniques such as digital signatures, hash functions, and encryption. Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with predefined rules encoded on the blockchain. They automatically enforce and facilitate the execution of agreements, eliminating the need for intermediaries. Once data is added to the blockchain, it becomes nearly impossible to alter or delete it. This immutability feature ensures the integrity and trustworthiness of the data stored. Blockchain networks are transparent, allowing all participants to view and verify transactions. This transparency fosters trust and accountability within the network. 8.Permissioning and access control: Depending on the use case, a blockchain network may implement permissioned access, where only authorized participants can join and participate in the network. Interoperability allows different blockchain networks to communicate and interact with each other seamlessly. This feature enables the exchange of assets and data across multiple blockchains. Some of the top Blockchain ecosystems There are several prominent blockchain ecosystems that have gained significant traction and popularity in the industry. Here are some of the top blockchain ecosystems: Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain platform that introduced smart contracts and enabled the development of decentralized applications (DApps). It has a vast ecosystem of developers, projects, and decentralized finance (DeFi) applications. 2.Binance Smart Chain (BSC): BSC is a blockchain ecosystem developed by the cryptocurrency exchange Binance. It offers compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), enabling developers to easily port Ethereum-based DApps to the BSC network. BSC has gained popularity for its lower transaction fees and high throughput. Polkadot is a multi-chain blockchain platform that aims to facilitate interoperability between different blockchains. It allows for the creation of customized blockchains connected to the Polkadot network, enabling the transfer of assets and data across chains. Cardano is a blockchain platform that focuses on security, scalability, and sustainability. It utilizes a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus algorithm and aims to provide a platform for the development of secure and high-assurance applications. Solana is a high-performance blockchain platform designed for decentralized applications and crypto-native projects. Avalanche is a decentralized platform that aims to provide fast, efficient, and scalable blockchain solutions. It features a consensus protocol called Avalanche, which allows for quick block confirmations and high transaction throughput. Cosmos is a network of interconnected blockchains that enables interoperability and scalability. It provides tools and protocols for building custom blockchains and facilitates communication and asset transfers between different chains. How much does it cost to build a blockchain network? The cost of developing your own blockchain network can vary significantly depending on various factors such as the complexity of the project, desired features, development team size, and time required. Developing a blockchain network involves several key aspects: 1.Technology and infrastructure: This includes designing and implementing the blockchain protocol, consensus mechanism, data storage, encryption, and network architecture. The complexity of these components will affect the development cost. 2.Smart contracts and DApps: If you plan to include smart contract functionality or develop decentralized applications (DApps) on your blockchain network, additional costs may be incurred for the development and auditing of these contracts and applications. 3.Security and testing: Blockchain networks require thorough security testing to identify vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity of the system. Costs may be incurred for security audits, penetration testing, and bug fixing. 4.Deployment and maintenance: The cost of deploying the blockchain network and ongoing maintenance should be considered. This includes setting up nodes, network infrastructure, monitoring tools, and regular updates and upgrades. How one can create and deploy a blockchain network? Developing a blockchain solution is a thorough and research-driven endeavor, tailored to the specific requirements of your business. However, regardless of your goals, certain essential steps must be followed during the development process. Step 1: Define the Problem to Address Before diving into the benefits of a blockchain solution, it is essential to precisely identify the problem you aim to solve. Assess your business requirements and match them with the potential use cases of blockchain development. Ensure that blockchain technology is suitable for resolving these challenges. Determine whether to migrate an existing solution to a blockchain application or build a new one from scratch. Step 2: Outline Your Business Requirements Create a comprehensive outline of your business requirements to ensure no crucial aspects are overlooked. Consider the necessary on-chain and off-chain technologies required for a complete ecosystem. Utilize these specifications to develop a tangible product roadmap, aiding in deadline management and resource allocation. Step 3: Select a Consensus Mechanism Choose an appropriate consensus mechanism that fosters trust, security, and agreement within a decentralized computer network. Numerous consensus mechanisms are available, including popular ones such as proof of work, proof of stake, Byzantine fault-tolerant, deposit-based consensus, and proof of elapsed time. Step 4: Select the Ideal Blockchain Platform Carefully choose a blockchain platform that suits your application, considering the required skill set of your development team. Thorough research and analysis are crucial to ensure alignment with your business needs and objectives. Step 5: Define Blockchain Node Design Determine whether a permissioned or permissionless blockchain network is necessary and identify programming languages and other factors impacting development. Assess if a private, public, or hybrid solution best fits your requirements. Decide on cloud-based, on-premises, or hybrid deployment and select an appropriate operating system. Step 6: Plan Blockchain Configuration Plan various configuration elements such as permissions, asset issuance, re-issuance, atomic exchanges, key management, multi-signatures, parameters, native assets, address formats, key formats, and block signatures. Understand that certain elements may be modified during runtime. Step 7: Develop APIs Consider the need for custom-built APIs, including functionalities like key pair generation, address generation, audit-related actions, data authentication using digital signatures and hashes, data storage and retrieval, smart-asset lifecycle management, and smart contract interactions. Step 8: Design the User Interface (UI) With the overall app plan in place, commence UI design for each software component. Ensure integration between the designed APIs and the UIs, focusing on visual and technical designs that align with the desired look and architecture of the application. Step 9: Optimize with an Accelerator For compute-intensive blockchain applications, consider employing a hardware accelerator to enhance performance, increase flexibility, and optimize power usage during deployment, thereby maximizing the success of your blockchain application. It is essential to follow these steps while building a blockchain solution, tailoring them to your specific business requirements to achieve a successful implementation. In 2023, choosing to develop your own blockchain network can be a promising endeavor. With the rapid advancements in blockchain technology and its increasing adoption across various industries, creating a customized blockchain network provides the opportunity for innovation and gaining a competitive edge. By developing your own blockchain, you have the flexibility to tailor the network to your specific business needs, ensuring seamless integration with existing systems and processes. Additionally, owning the blockchain network grants you control over security measures and data governance, fostering trust among participants. Overall, building your own blockchain network in 2023 can be a strategic move to harness the transformative power of this technology and drive business growth.

https://www.addustechnologies.com/blog/build-your-own-

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The ENCODE project finds more than 80% of genome has biochemical function There are 4 million sites in the genome where events occur, representing "switches" "This century, we are going to be working out how we make humans," a scientist says Our genes play a major role in making us who we are, but a lot of information about their function has been mysterious. That’s why an international team of researchers set out to figure out what the working parts of the human genome are, and what they mean for the human body as we know it. The project is called the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE). When the Human Genome Project sequenced the human genome in 2003, it established the order of the 3 billion letters in the genome, which can be thought of as “the book of life.” ENCODE is about interpreting that – understanding which genetic variants affect biochemical function, and which ones are associated with disease. “This is the science for this century,” said Ewan Birney of the European Bioinformatics Institute and lead analysis coordinator for ENCODE in a news conference Wednesday. “This century, we are going to be working out how we make humans starting from this simple instruction manual.” ENCODE has begun to reveal the circuitry, networks and choreography within the human genome, said Dr. Eric Green, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, at the briefing. More than 30 scientific papers from the project are being published on it, in journals including Nature, Genome Research and Genome Biology. Scientists have determined that there are 4 million sites in the genome where specific biochemical events occur, most of which have been discovered with ENCODE. That means if you got your genome sequenced, there could be as many as 4 million differences between you and the person sitting next to you, Michael Snyder, a Stanford University professor who is the principal investigator for ENCODE, told CNN. These sites are “switches,” which determine which proteins and cells are going to be made, Richard Myers of HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, an ENCODE collaborator, said at the briefing. Most genetic changes that are likely to cause disease, or are associated with disease, don’t lie inside the genes themselves, but rather in these control elements, Snyder said. Before, scientists believed that a lot of the human genome was junk – that as little as 5% of it actually had a purpose in encoding proteins, Myers said. So it was a surprise, according to ENCODE, to find a full 80% of the human genome sequence is associated with some biochemical function. ENCODE allows researchers to identify which mutations are most likely to cause disease and drug responses. In a study on associations with diseases, scientists found links to heart disease and type II diabetes. The regulatory switches can cause problems with genes that can lead to disease. “Before, they were just mysterious events; now we can say, ‘Well, they’re associated with aparticular problem,’” Snyder said. Snyder, who has had his own genome sequenced, believes personal genome sequencing will become an important part of health care. In his own case, genome sequencing revealed Snyder’s risk for type II diabetes before his body started showing symptoms. Since he knew about the risk ahead of time, he was able to start managing his glucose levels early. With the new ENCODE information, Snyder could start seeing which variants he has that might affect gene function but don’t lie inside the gene; they reside in the control switches. “I think this will become standard of care for many people,” he said of genomic sequencing. Still, there are issues with how much information about a sequence should be revealed to a person – after all, just because a person has a genetic link to a disease, it doesn’t necessarily mean that he or she will develop that condition, and the information could cause undue concern. Before ENCODE, scientists’ knowledge was mostly about the exome, the protein coding sequences that account for about 1.5% of the genome, Snyder said. The remaining 98.5% was mysterious until the ENCODE project. A genome sequence as part of a research project costs under $4,000, but the proper interpretation costs a lot more, Snyder said. Some companies such as 23andMe offer DNA testing at a relatively low cost, but only sequence part of the genome. Even with what is known now, genome sequencing can benefit people with cancer. This technique played into the treatment of the late Apple CEO Steve Jobs. He underwent a sequencing of the genes of his cancer tumor and his normal DNA, so that his medical team could choose drugs that would be more precisely targeted at his disease, according to the biography “Steve Jobs” by Walter Isaacson. “In my mind, it’s a no-brainer to get your genome sequenced if you have cancer,” Snyder said. The human genome has about 20,000 genes, and 1,000 of those genes are regulators – the “government” of the genome, says Mark Gerstein of Yale University. Regulators bind to places in the genome, and then they turn genes near that binding site on and off. Gerstein and colleagues looked at the structure of these regulators, and determined that they have a somewhat corporate hierarchy structure. When you consider how information flows, it appears there are executives, managers and foremen. ENCODE received about $123 million over five years from the National Human Genome Research Institute, in addition to $40 for the pilot project and $125 million for relevant technology development and research since 2003. And there’s still much more work to do, scientists say. “It’s a project that’s not done, but it’s a big step forward,” Snyder said. Would you want to get a full genome sequence to know your genetic risks? Why or why not? Tell us in the comments.

https://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/05/health/encode-human-genome/index.html

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Symptoms of Coronavirus People infected with the coronavirus can spread it easily, even if they’re not yet experiencing severe symptoms of the disease, according to virologists watching the pandemic unfold in Europe. The NYPost report states that digestive issues like diarrhea could be the first sign of the coronavirus for many patients, a new study says. It was understood that nearly half of the virus patients admitted to the hospital in the central Chinese province of Hubei, where the outbreak occurred, complained of digestive issues, according to a study published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology on Wednesday. Researchers found that almost half — 48.5% — of the 204 patients in the study said their “chief complaint” was digestive issues, such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. - Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Other symptoms can include: - Runny nose - Sore throat What should i do if feel the symptoms Contact your doctor or clinic right away if you have COVID-19 symptoms, you’ve been exposed to someone with COVID-19, or you live in or have traveled from an area with ongoing community spread of COVID-19 as determined by CDC and WHO. Call your doctor ahead to tell him or her about your symptoms and recent travels and possible exposure before you go to your appointment. How does it spread The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person. - Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). - Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Wash your hands often: Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. Avoid close contact: Avoid close contact with people who are sick Stay home if you’re sick: Stay home if you are sick, except to get medical care Cover coughs and sneezes: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow. Clean regularly and disinfect: Clean AND disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks. Causes of Coronavirus It has not been proven how contagious the new coronavirus is. It appears to spread from person to person among those in close contact. It may be spread by respiratory droplets released when someone with the virus coughs or sneezes. It may also be spread if a person touches a surface with the virus on it and then touches his or her mouth, nose or eyes. Total cases globally: 258,412

https://www.schooldrillers.com/symptoms-of-coronavirus/

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Steps to Prevent Getting Sick from COVID- 19 is quite simple. Coronavirus disease spreads primarily through contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze. It also spreads when a person touches a surface or object that has the virus on it, then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth. Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands. Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing. Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has the disease. Steps to Prevent Getting Sick from COVID- 19 is quite simple You can take steps to protect yourself and others during a COVID-19 outbreak. - The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person. Recent studies indicate that people who are infected but do not have symptoms likely also play a role in the spread of COVID-19. - There is currently no vaccine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and can make you sick. Practice respiratory hygiene Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately. Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you protect the people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19. If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local health authority. Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information on the situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect you and help prevent spread of viruses and other infections.

https://www.schooldrillers.com/steps-to-prevent-getting-sick-from-covid-19/

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Skills development – including writing one’s name, recognition, counting, building, creative development, and plenty of socialization with purposeful play-based learning – form the core of each Preschool I day. There is a rest period daily, and two hours of outdoor play. The additional programming at this stage includes music, sport, phonics, and art instruction. There’s also emphasis on preparing the children to be ready for school by teaching them self-help skills. The teacher-to-child ratio in Preschool I is 1:8.

https://www.royalacademydaycare.com/programs/preschool-i/

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Non-developers and those whose jobs are not related to software development often get confused with the jargon of technology (as they should). Concepts like front-end and back-end web development, which is better? are part of the mix. These two keywords are fundamental to understanding how websites work. To put it very simply, the front-end, also known as ‘client-side’ programming is what happens on the browser, that is, everything the user or visitor to a website sees and interacts with. Fonts, colours, drop-down menus and sliders are all features of front-end web development. The back-end, on the other hand, also known as server-side programming is the machinery that works behind the scenes to power those features that users interact with on the client side. It seems already obvious that none is better than the other, doesn’t it? Table of Contents Core technologies used in front-end web development are: HTML a.k.a The Organizer HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a computer language used to create a website. It defines elements such as headlines and paragraphs and enables a user to embed an image, video or any other media. HTML works through a series of shortcodes called tags, which are normalized into a text file by a developer. The text is stored as an HTML file and scanned by the browser, which then interprets the text into a visible form as the designer intended. CSS a.k.a The Stylist CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to define how HTML elements are preserved in webpages in terms of design, layout and variations, taking into account the different devices and their varying screen sizes. So it matters the layout of plenty of different web pages at a time and adjusts the size of a web page to fit the screen of your browsing device. Many front-end web developers possess skills in building User Interfaces and User Experience (UI & UX). They must also understand the concepts of: As more people access the internet from their mobile devices than desktops, front-end developers must take quicker responsiveness into account. Responsive design means that the web layout, including the functionality and content, assists you with the screen size and hardware of the browsing device. Accessibility and Inclusivity Accessibility entails making a website available to as many users as possible. This includes people living with all kinds of disabilities such as visual, hearing, mobility and cognitive impairment. It also covers matters of law, compliance standards, and different types of network connections. Back-end web development is much more varied than its counterpart. Some of the main components of the server-side are: These are computer programmes that store, process and deliver web pages to users. The most popular one is Apache, which is an open-source web server currently used by about 50% of all websites. Another is NGINX, good for reverse proxying, caching, load balancing and media streaming. Languages & Frameworks A programming language is a superset of computer scripting languages used to write instructions you want the system to execute. Examples of such are Ruby, Python, Java, PHP, Perl, etc. Frameworks are libraries of pre-written codes with a pre-imposed structure that a back-end developer can use as required or needed. A variety of programming languages and frameworks are used in building the server-side. Database Management Systems The roles and responsibilities of a back-end web developer include: - Understanding the goals of a website and coming up with effective solutions - Storing data and making it accessible to users who need it. - Managing APIs resources across devices. - Building frameworks to make for better programming. - Understanding and implementing algorithms, and solving system problems. Both front-end and back-end web development play an important fundamental role in web development and design. They are like two sides of a coin and they complement each other. Without the front-end, users cannot see and interact with features on the website and this interaction is the purpose of building a website (to generate traffic). On the other hand, without the back-end, there’s no website in the first instance because the data and systems requested by front-end applications would not be delivered. Since back-end and front-end operations go hand in hand, and both are equally important, developers from both sides need to devise more ways of collaborating better in order to build more functional and efficient websites. Pingback: Intro to Cloud Native - Tech, Coding & Digital Marketing Blog Pingback: Why Do Developers Hate PHP? - Tech, Coding & Digital Marketing Blog Pingback: Tips To Improve Your Software Engineering Skills in 2022 Pingback: Becoming a Full-Stack Python Developer, Here Are Few Ideas to Get Started. Pingback: Cyber Security, Cloud Computing, Software Development: Which Should I Learn First?

https://alabiansolutions.com/blog/front-end-and-back-end-web-

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Meditation can have a profound impact on your health and well-being. Numerous scientific studies have investigated the effects of meditation and have found various benefits for both physical and mental health. Here are some ways in which meditation can affect your health. 1. Stress Reduction Meditation activates the body’s relaxation response, which counteracts the effects of stress. When you meditate, your body undergoes physiological changes such as decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol (the stress hormone) levels. Regular meditation practice can help manage chronic stress and its associated health problems, including anxiety, insomnia, and digestive issues. 2. Improved Mental Well-being Meditation has a profound impact on mental health. Studies have shown that it reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression and enhances overall well-being. By practicing mindfulness during meditation, you cultivate the ability to observe your thoughts and emotions without judgment. This increased self-awareness and acceptance lead to a decrease in negative rumination and an increase in positive emotions. 3. Better Focus And Concentration Meditation strengthens your ability to concentrate and sustain attention. By training your mind to focus on a single point of focus, such as your breath or a mantra, you develop cognitive control and reduce distraction. Regular meditation has been found to improve attention span, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, which are crucial for productivity and learning. 4. Enhanced Emotional Regulation Meditation practices cultivate emotional regulation skills, enabling you to respond to emotions in a healthier way. Regular meditation strengthens the prefrontal cortex, the brain region responsible for emotion regulation. This leads to better control over emotional reactions, reduced emotional reactivity, and increased emotional resilience. 5. Lower Blood Pressure Chronic high blood pressure is a significant risk factor for heart disease. Research suggests that meditation can help reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of cardiovascular problems. By inducing a state of relaxation, meditation helps relax the blood vessels and reduces strain on the heart. It also improves endothelial function, which is essential for maintaining healthy blood vessels. 6. Improved Sleep Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, can significantly impact overall health and quality of life. Meditation techniques, such as mindfulness meditation and guided imagery, can help calm the mind and relax the body, promoting better sleep quality. By reducing arousal and fostering a state of relaxation, meditation can alleviate insomnia symptoms and improve sleep duration and quality. 7. Strengthened Immune System Chronic stress weakens the immune system and makes the body more susceptible to illness. Since meditation reduces stress, it indirectly supports immune function. Studies have shown that regular meditation practice can boost the immune system and improve immune response, leading to a reduced risk of infectious diseases. Read Also: 10 Superfoods to Boost Your Immune System. 8. Pain Management Meditation can be beneficial for individuals suffering from chronic pain conditions. By promoting relaxation and mindfulness, it can reduce the perception of pain and improve pain tolerance. Meditation techniques, such as body scan meditation and loving-kindness meditation, can help individuals develop a different relationship with pain, reducing suffering and improving their ability to cope. 9. Improved Self-awareness And Introspection Meditation encourages self-reflection and introspection. By regularly observing your thoughts, emotions, and sensations during meditation, you develop a deeper understanding of your inner experiences and patterns of behavior. This heightened self-awareness can lead to personal growth, self-acceptance, and a greater sense of purpose. 10. Enhanced Resilience And Coping Skills Meditation fosters resilience by improving your ability to navigate life’s challenges. It equips you with skills to respond to stressors in a more balanced and adaptive manner. Regular meditation practice strengthens the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, and impulse control. This enhanced resilience helps you bounce back from setbacks and maintain emotional well-being. It’s important to note that while meditation can have numerous health benefits, it should not replace medical treatment or professional advice. It can, however, be used as a complementary practice to support overall well-being. It is recommended to learn meditation from a qualified instructor

https://log.ng/health/how-meditation-affects-your-health/

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Whether a surgery is done to heal an injury or replace a body part, incisions are done to carry out the medical procedures. Once the surgery completes, these incisions are closed to prevent bleeding and contamination. Surgical sutures are used for this purpose. They are standard medical devices with two components: needles and surgical threads. The suture needle allows the doctor to place sutures within the body tissues. They are strong and flexible. The suture thread holds body tissues together post-surgery, facilitating healing. The terms sutures and stitches are used interchangeably. However, they are not the same. Stitches is merely a technique to close the wound with sutures. Sutures are of two types: absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. The absorbable sutures are absorbed by body enzymes. They need not be removed post-operation as they get dissolved with time. Non-absorbable sutures do not get absorbed and need to be removed after the surgery. Recently, absorbable sutures have become extremely popular. Here is what you should know about them: Absorbable sutures are classified as Catgut, Polydioxanone, Poliglecaprone, and Polyglactin sutures. These differ based on the structure and material it is made of. Depending upon the wound and the requirement of the medical surgery, the doctor picks a suitable suture for you. Usage of absorbable sutures Following are the surgeries where absorbable sutures are widely used: - To repair vaginal and perineal tearing during section C operation. - For oral surgeries like tooth extraction and gum injuries. - When dealing with delicate skin grafts. - For surgeries involving the repair of muscles and connective tissues. - A few abdominal surgeries. Given that absorbable sutures need not be removed after the surgery, the doctor does not cut open the wound again. This is ideal for healing wounds that are difficult to reach. The surgical area becomes vulnerable and can be exposed to contamination due to opening and dressing the wound again. Absorbable sutures avoid this and give the wound enough time to heal. Absorbable sutures are more flexible than non-absorbable ones. Taking advantage of this, doctors can suture the wound in a better shape. This works well to heal the jagged wound and spongy surgical sites. The dissolving time of absorbable sutures depends on the material. The doctor picks suitable suture material after examining the wound and its location. For example, in the C section, the doctor uses sutures of material that dissolve within a few weeks. When closing incisions of joints, they may opt for suture materials that dissolve in some months. Taking proper care of your stitches during the healing period is necessary. Remember, these sutures are dissolvable, not unbreakable. Follow the care instructions given by the doctor. If the stitches open up, rush to the hospital immediately. Leave a Reply

https://www.joinarticles.com/what-are-

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This course will introduce you to the world of Python programming language that is widely used in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. We will start with basic ideas before going on to the language's important vocabulary as search phrases, syntax, or sentence building. This course will take you from the basic principles of AI and ML to the crucial ideas with Python, among the most widely used and effective programming languages in the present market. In simple terms, Python is like the English language. Python is a popular high-level programming language with a simple, easy-to-understand syntax that focuses on readability. This module will guide you through the whole foundations of Python programming, culminating in the execution of your 1st Python program. Anaconda Installation - Jupyter notebook operation Using Jupyter Notebook, you will learn how to use Python for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. We can create and share documents with narrative prose, visualizations, mathematics, and live code using this open-source online tool. Python functions, packages and other modules For code reusability and software modularity, functions & packages are used. In this module, you will learn how you can comprehend and use Python functions and packages for AI. NumPy, Pandas, Visualization tools In this module, you will learn how to use Pandas, Matplotlib, NumPy, and Seaborn to explore data sets. These are the most frequently used Python libraries. You'll also find out how to present tons of your data in simple graphs with Python libraries as Seaborn and Matplotlib. Working with various data structures in Python, Pandas, Numpy Understanding Data Structures is among the core components in Data Science. Additionally, data structure assists AI and ML in voice & image processing. In this module, you will learn about data structures such as Data Frames, Tuples, Lists, and arrays, & precisely how to implement them in Python.

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Last Updated on July 24, 2023 by Uncle Pat Ugwu Chatbots are gaining popularity in the education industry. Natural language processing and machine learning are used by these intelligent, computer-based applications to understand and respond to students’ inquiries and requests. OpenAI ChatGPT can be used to practice hybrid learning in schools. The uses of OpenAI ChatGPT in education can include the provision of tailored learning experiences for students, assisting them in remaining interested and motivated to continue studying. They can also help teachers manage their classes and provide extra support to students who require it. What is OpenAi ChatGPT? OpenAI ChatGPT is a natural language processing model developed by OpenAI. It is a variant of the GPT-3 (Generative Pretrained Transformer 3) model, which is a large language model that has been trained on a vast amount of text data. OpenAI ChatGPT is specifically designed for conversation and chat-based applications, and it has the ability to understand and generate human-like text in response to user inputs. This makes it useful for applications such as chatbots, virtual assistants, and other conversational AI systems. You can watch this as a video below: Uses of OpenAI ChatGPT in Education 1. Writing Assistance OpenAI’s ChatGPT model has the potential to be used as a tool to help students improve their writing skills. By leveraging ChatGPT’s ability to understand and generate natural language, students could use the model to brainstorm ideas, generate outlines, or write and revise essays. For example, a student could input their topic or thesis statement into ChatGPT, and the model could generate a list of potential ideas or directions for the essay. The student could then use this list to choose a direction and create an outline for their essay. Alternatively, the student could input their outline into ChatGPT, and the model could generate a draft of the essay based on the outline. The student could then use this draft as a starting point for their own writing, and ChatGPT could provide suggestions for revisions or improvements to the essay. ChatGPT has the potential to enhance the writing process by providing ideas, structure, and feedback to help students improve their writing skills. We have also published free writing tools that are helpful for writers. 2. Language Translation OpenAI’s ChatGPT model also has the prospect to be used as a tool for translating text from one language to another. The tool has the ability to understand and generate multiple languages, students who are learning a new language could use the model to translate foreign-language materials into their native language. For example, a student who is learning Spanish could use ChatGPT to translate a Spanish-language article or textbook into English, making it easier for them to read and understand the material. Additionally, ChatGPT could be used to provide real-time translation during language classes or conversation practice, allowing students to communicate with native speakers in the target language. This has the potential to improve the language learning experience by providing accessible and accurate translation capabilities, which can help students to better understand and engage with foreign-language materials. 3. Personalized learning Personalized learning experiences for students can be achieved with OpenAI’s ChatGPT model. This might involve developing instructional content and materials that are personalized to a student’s specific interests, abilities, and learning objectives. ChatGPT, for example, might be used to produce customized practice questions or assignments for students depending on their replies to prior questions or their progress in a course. ChatGPT might also be used to deliver tailored feedback to students depending on their comments and improvement. This might assist in ensuring that students are challenged at the appropriate level and receive information that is relevant and appealing to them. ChatGPT has the potential to improve student’s educational experiences by delivering personalized, adaptable, and engaging learning opportunities. You may want to look at the models of learning we published in the past. 4. Research Assistance The ChatGPT model developed by OpenAI has the potential to be utilized as a tool to assist students in conducting research by producing relevant material and sources on a particular topic. A student, for example, may enter their study topic into ChatGPT, and the model would provide a list of relevant articles, books, or websites for the student to utilize as sources for their research. This list may then be used as a beginning point for the student’s inquiry, and ChatGPT could continue to give ideas and new information while the student performs their research. ChatGPT has the ability to improve the research process by providing students with relevant, accurate, and up-to-date information and sources. 5. Generating study materials The ChatGPT model has the potential to be utilized as a tool for creating study materials based on a certain topic or subject area, such as summaries, flashcards, or quizzes. A student, for example, may enter a topic or subject area into ChatGPT, and the model would provide a summary of the essential concepts or facts connected to that topic. 6. Solve Math Problems The capacity of OpenAI’s ChatGPT approach to understand and provide human-like solutions to math problems is one potential use. The app could be used to produce solutions to math problems in the same manner that a human would. A student, for example, may enter a math question into ChatGPT, and the app would provide a step-by-step answer with all of the relevant computations and explanations. This might be beneficial for students who are trying to learn a certain math subject or who want to examine multiple approaches to problem solving. 7. Coding Helps The OpenAI ChatGPT can be used to write basic codes in many programming languages. For example, you can ask the AI tool to “write python code that will calculate two numbers.” and the chatbot will quickly provide clean working lines of code for you. Below is a screenshot of a python code written by OpenAI ChatGPT. This can be helpful for students who are learning how to code. We previously wrote an article on how to become a coding teacher. OpanAI ChatGPT Limitations Here are some of the ChatGPT limitations as stated on the website. - May occasionally generate incorrect information - May occasionally produce harmful instructions or biased content - Limited knowledge of the world and events after 2021 Using OpenAI ChatGPT in education can have a very bad effect because some of the articles on the app may be found to be plagiarised. It is also a good practice to always reference the source of your academic writings. You can start using the app by visiting the OpenAI ChatGPT site, signing up, and start querying the system in a conversational manner. OpenAI ChatGPT has the potential to enhance and improve the education experience for students by providing them with powerful tools for learning and creativity. ChatGPT is specifically designed for conversation and chat-based applications, and it has the ability to understand and generate human-like text in response to user inputs. This makes it useful for applications such as chatbots, virtual assistants, and other conversational AI systems.

https://patugwu.com/blog/openai-

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Throughout life, individuals face varying degrees of success and failure. While success can be attributed to various factors, the reasons behind failure can be equally diverse. In this response, I will outline 10 common reasons why some people end up being considered failures in life. It is important to note that failure is not a definitive and permanent state, but rather a temporary setback that can be overcome with effort and self-reflection. Lack of clear goals: Without setting specific, achievable goals, individuals may find themselves drifting along without a sense of purpose or direction. Fear of failure: The fear of failing can prevent individuals from taking risks and pursuing their dreams. This fear can be paralyzing, leading to missed opportunities and a sense of stagnation. Negative mindset: A negative mindset often breeds self-doubt and pessimism, hindering personal growth and progress. Persistent negative thoughts can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure. Lack of persistence and resilience: Success rarely comes overnight. Those who give up easily in the face of obstacles are more likely to experience failure. Persistence and resilience are key qualities necessary for overcoming challenges and achieving long-term success. Procrastination and lack of discipline: People who struggle with procrastination and lack discipline often find that their dreams and aspirations remain unfulfilled. Consistent effort and self-discipline are essential for success. Ineffective time management: Poor time management skills can lead to wasted opportunities and decreased productivity, preventing individuals from reaching their full potential. Limited self-belief: A lack of belief in one’s own abilities can hinder personal growth and success. Self-doubt can prevent individuals from taking necessary risks and pursuing their passions. Lack of networking and social skills: Building a network of supportive individuals and cultivating social skills is crucial for personal and professional success. Those who struggle in these areas may face limitations in their ability to secure opportunities. Resistance to change: In a fast-paced world, adaptability is key. Those who are resistant to change and unable to embrace new opportunities may find themselves left behind. Lack of perseverance in the face of failure: Failures are a part of life, but it is the ability to learn from them and keep moving forward that differentiates successful individuals from failures. Those who give up after experiencing setbacks are more likely to remain trapped in a cycle of failure. It is important to recognize that failure is not a measure of an individual’s worth or potential. By addressing and overcoming these common reasons for failure, individuals can cultivate a growth mindset, strive for self-improvement, and increase their likelihood of achieving success in life. Through setting clear goals, adopting a positive mindset, developing persistence and resilience, improving time management skills, nurturing self-belief, enhancing networking and social skills, embracing change, and persevering through failures, individuals can work towards their goals and transform failure into valuable learning experiences.

https://crispng.com/10-reasons-some-people-end-up-being-a-failure-

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- August 15, 2017 How relays work Here are two simple animations illustrating how relays use one circuit to switch on a second circuit. When power flows through the first circuit (1), it activates the electromagnet (brown), generating a magnetic field (blue) that attracts a contact (red) and activates the second circuit (2). When the power is switched off, a spring pulls the contact back up to its original position, switching the second circuit off again. This is an example of a “normally open” (NO) relay: the contacts in the second circuit are not connected by default, and switch on only when a current flows through the magnet. Other relays are “normally closed” (NC; the contacts are connected so a current flows through them by default) and switch off only when the magnet is activated, pulling or pushing the contacts apart. Normally open relays are the most common. Here’s another animation showing how a relay links two circuits together. It’s essentially the same thing drawn in a slightly different way. On the left side, there’s an input circuit powered by a switch or a sensor of some kind. When this circuit is activated, it feeds current to an electromagnet that pulls a metal switch closed and activates the second, output circuit (on the right side). The relatively small current in the input circuit thus activates the larger current in the output circuit: - The input circuit (black loop) is switched off and no current flows through it until something (either a sensor or a switch closing) turns it on. The output circuit (blue loop) is also switched off. - When a small current flows in the input circuit, it activates the electromagnet (shown here as a red coil), which produces a magnetic field all around it. - The energized electromagnet pulls the metal bar in the output circuit toward it, closing the switch and allowing a much bigger current to flow through the output circuit. - The output circuit operates a high-current appliance such as a lamp or an electric motor. We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and mechanically. Relays consist of a n electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The switching mechanism is carried out with the help of the electromagnet. There are also other operating principles for its working. But they differ according to their applications. Most of the devices have the application of relays. Why is a relay used? The main operation of a relay comes in places where only a low-power signal can be used to control a circuit. It is also used in places where only one signal can be used to control a lot of circuits. The application of relays started during the invention of telephones. They played an important role in switching calls in telephone exchanges. They were also used in long distance telegraphy. They were used to switch the signal coming from one source to another destination. After the invention of computers they were also used to perform Boolean and other logical operations. The high end applications of relays require high power to be driven by electric motors and so on. Such relays are called contactors. It is an electro-magnetic relay with a wire coil, surrounded by an iron core. A path of very low reluctance for the magnetic flux is provided for the movable armature and also the switch point contacts. The movable armature is connected to the yoke which is mechanically connected to the switch point contacts. These parts are safely held with the help of a spring. The spring is used so as to produce an air gap in the circuit when the relay becomes de-energized. The working of a relay can be better understood by explaining the following diagram given below. The diagram shows an inner section diagram of a relay. An iron core is surrounded by a control coil. As shown, the power source is given to the electromagnet through a control switch and through contacts to the load. When current starts flowing through the control coil, the electromagnet starts energizing and thus intensifies the magnetic field. Thus the upper contact arm starts to be attracted to the lower fixed arm and thus closes the contacts causing a short circuit for the power to the load. On the other hand, if the relay was already de-energized when the contacts were closed, then the contact move oppositely and make an open circuit. As soon as the coil current is off, the movable armature will be returned by a force back to its initial position. This force will be almost equal to half the strength of the magnetic force. This force is mainly provided by two factors. They are the spring and also gravity. Relays are mainly made for two basic operations. One is low voltage application and the other is high voltage. For low voltage applications, more preference will be given to reduce the noise of the whole circuit. For high voltage applications, they are mainly designed to reduce a phenomenon called arcing. The basics for all the relays are the same. Take a look at a 4 – pin relay shown below. There are two colours shown. The green colour represents the control circuit and the red colour represents the load circuit. A small control coil is connected onto the control circuit. A switch is connected to the load. This switch is controlled by the coil in the control circuit. Now let us take the different steps that occour in a relay. - Energized Relay (ON) As shown in the circuit, the current flowing through the coils represented by pins 1 and 3 causes a magnetic field to be aroused. This mag netic field causes the closing of the pins 2 and 4. Thus the switch plays an important role in the relay working. As it is a part of the load circuit, it is used to control an electrical circuit that is connected to it. Thus, when the relay in energized the current flow will be through the pins 2 and 4. - De – Energized Relay (OFF) As soon as the current flow stops through pins 1 and 3, the switch opens and thus the open circuit prevents the current flow through pins 2 and 4. Thus the relay becomes de-energized and thus in off position. In simple, when a voltage is applied to pin 1, the electromagnet activates, causing a magnetic field to be developed, which goes on to close the pins 2 and 4 causing a closed circuit. When there is no voltage on pin 1, there will be no electromagnetic force and thus no magnetic field. Thus the switches remain open. Pole and Throw Relays have the exact working of a switch. So, the same concept is also applied. A relay is said to switch one or more poles. Each pole has contacts that can be thrown in mainly three ways. They are - Normally Open Contact (NO) – NO contact is also called a make contact. It closes the circuit when the relay is activated. It disconnects the circuit when the relay is inactive. - Normally Closed Contact (NC) – NC contact is also known as break contact. This is opposite to the NO contact. When the relay is activated, the circuit disconnects. When the relay is deactivated, the circuit connects. - Change-over (CO) / Double-throw (DT) Contacts – This type of contacts are used to control two types of circuits. They are used to control a NO contact and also a NC contact with a common terminal. According to their type they are called by the names break before make and make before break contacts. Relays are also named with designations like - Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) – This type of relay has a total of four terminals. Out of these two terminals can be connected or disconnected. The other two terminals are needed for the coil. - Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) – This type of a relay has a total of five terminals. Out f these two are the coil terminals. A common terminal is also included which connects to either of two others. - Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) – This relay has a total of six terminals. These terminals are further divided into two pairs. Thus they can act as two SPST’s which are actuated by a single coil. Out of the six terminals two of them are coil terminals. - Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) – This is the biggest of all. It has mainly eight relay terminals. Out of these two rows are designed to be change over terminals. They are designed to act as two SPDT relays which are actuated by a single coil. - Relays are used to realize logic functions. They play a very important role in providing safety critical logic. - Relays are used to provide time delay functions. They are used to time the delay open and delay close of contacts. - Relays are used to control high voltage circuits with the help of low voltage signals. Similarly they are used to control high current circuits with the help of low current signals. - They are also used as protective relays. By this function all the faults during transmission and reception can be detected and isolated. You must note some factors while selecting a particular relay. They are - Protection – Different protections like contact protection and coil protection must be noted. Contact protection helps in reducing arcing in circuits using inductors. Coil protection helps in reducing surge voltage produced during switching. - Look for a standard relay with all regulatory approvals. - Switching time – Ask for high speed switching relays if you want one. - Ratings – There are current as well as voltage ratings. The current ratings vary from a few amperes to about 3000 amperes. In case of voltage ratings, they vary from 300 Volt AC to 600 Volt AC. There are also high voltage relays of about 15,000 Volts. - Type of contact used – Whether it is a NC or NO or closed contact. - Select Make before Break or Break before Make contacts wisely. - Isolation between coil circuit and contacts

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Exercising regularly, managing stress, and eating more foods high in fiber and probiotics may help lower blood sugar levels. However, these lifestyle adjustments do not replace medical treatment for diabetes or other metabolic conditions. Your body usually manages your blood sugar levels by producing insulin, which allows your cells to use the circulating sugar in your blood. However, multiple factors can impair blood sugar management and lead to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Blood sugar management is especially important for people with diabetes, as the condition may lead to limb and life threatening complications. Here are 14 easy and evidence-backed ways to naturally lower blood sugar levels. Regular exercise and physical activity can help you manage your weight and Exercise also helps your muscles use blood sugar for energy and muscle contraction. If you have problems with blood sugar management, consider routinely checking your levels before and after exercising. This will help you learn how your body responds to different activities and keep your blood sugar levels from getting too high or low. You can still benefit from shorter sessions even if you have trouble dedicating more time to exercise throughout the week. For example, try aiming for 10-minute exercise sessions 3 times a day for 5 days, with the goal of 150 minutes per week. Other useful forms of exercise include: - brisk walking - jumping jacks - half squats Any activity that gets you up and moving — regardless of the intensity — beats a sedentary lifestyle. Your carb intake strongly influences your blood sugar levels. Your body breaks carbs down into sugars, mainly glucose. Then, insulin helps your body use and store it for energy. This process fails when you eat too many carbs or have insulin-function problems, and blood glucose levels can rise. That’s why the American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes manage their carb intake by counting carbs and being aware of how many they need for daily activities. Carb counting can help you plan your meals appropriately, It’s important to note that low carb and no-carb diets are different. When monitoring your blood sugar, you can eat (and need) some carbs. However, prioritizing carbs from whole grains and unprocessed sources provides greater nutritional value while helping decrease blood sugar levels. Fiber slows carb digestion and sugar absorption, promoting a more gradual rise in blood sugar levels. There are two types of fiber: insoluble and soluble. While both are important, soluble fiber has been A high fiber diet can improve your body’s ability to regulate and minimize blood sugar levels. This could Foods high in fiber include: - whole grains Drinking enough water could help you keep your blood sugar levels within healthy ranges. In addition to preventing dehydration, it helps your kidneys flush out excess sugar through urine. Keep in mind that water and other zero-calorie drinks are better for hydration. Avoiding sugar-sweetened options is ideal, as these can raise blood glucose, drive unwanted weight gain, and Managing how much you eat can help you regulate your calorie intake and maintain a moderate weight. Consequently, weight management Monitoring your serving sizes also helps prevent blood sugar spikes. You may manage portion sizes by: - eating slowly - measuring and weighing your food - using smaller plates - avoiding all-you-can-eat restaurants or those that serve large portions - reading food labels and checking the serving sizes of each item - keeping a food journal - using a food-tracking phone app The glycemic index (GI) measures how quickly carbs break down during digestion and how rapidly your body absorbs them. This affects how quickly your blood sugar levels rise. The GI divides foods into low, medium, and high GI scores and ranks them on a scale of 0 to 100. Low GI foods have a ranking of Some examples of foods with a low to moderate GI include: - unsweetened Greek yogurt - whole wheat pasta - non-starchy vegetables Furthermore, adding protein or healthy fats to your plate helps minimize blood sugar spikes after a meal. Focusing on the overall quality of the food is a better approach than eliminating or adding specific food groups. Stress can affect your blood sugar levels. When stressed, your body secretes hormones called glucagon and cortisol, which cause blood sugar levels to rise. Stress management strategies may include: - deep breathing - arts and crafts - your favorite hobbies Keeping track lets you determine whether to adjust your meals or medications. It also helps you learn how your body reacts to certain foods. Try measuring your daily levels and keeping track of the numbers in a log. It may also be more helpful to track your blood sugar in pairs. For example, before and after exercise or before and 2 hours after a meal. This can show you whether you need to make small changes to a meal if it spikes your blood sugar rather than avoiding your favorite meals altogether. Some adjustments include swapping a starchy side for non-starchy veggies or limiting them to a handful. Less than optimal sleeping habits and a lack of rest can Sleep deprivation also Adequate sleep is about both quantity and quality. Adults are advised to get To improve the quality of your sleep, try to: - follow a consistent sleep schedule - avoid caffeine and alcohol before bed - get physical activity throughout the day - cut down on screen time before bed - keep your bedroom cool and comfortable - limit your naps during the day - use soothing scents, such as lavender - avoid working or studying in your bedroom if possible - take a warm bath or shower before bed - try meditation or guided imagery High blood sugar levels and diabetes have been Chromium is involved in carb and fat metabolism. It may enhance insulin’s action, thus aiding blood sugar regulation. Chromium-rich foods include: - beef, chicken, and turkey - whole grains, such as barley - fruits and vegetables, like green beans and apples However, the mechanisms behind this proposed connection are not entirely known. More research is needed. Magnesium also benefits blood sugar level regulation. Diets rich in magnesium are In contrast, low magnesium levels may lead to insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance in people with diabetes. You likely won’t benefit from magnesium supplements if you already eat plenty of magnesium-rich foods and have adequate blood magnesium levels. Magnesium-rich foods include: - dark leafy greens - squash and pumpkin seeds - whole grains - dark chocolate Multiple foods and plants are known to have medicinal properties. However, the quality of evidence on these ingredients is low due to insufficient human studies or small sample sizes. Therefore, Some of the foods touted to have anti-diabetes effects include: - Apple cider vinegar: According to a 2014 article , this ingredient may reduce blood sugar levels by delaying the emptying of your stomach after a meal. A2020 study in rats also found that apple cider vinegar reduced blood sugar spikes. The authors concluded that the use of apple vinegar could help prevent metabolic disorders, like diabetes, in individuals eating a high calorie diet. - Cinnamon: This spice is said to improve blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin sensitivity and slowing the breakdown of carbs in your digestive tract. This moderates the rise in blood sugar after a meal. Nevertheless, more research is needed. - Berberine: Research suggests this compound lowers blood sugar by stimulating enzymes’ breakdown of glucose, promoting your tissue’s use of sugar and increasing insulin production. More studies are needed. - Fenugreek seeds: Like the other foods on this list, more high quality studies in humans are needed, but there is some evidence that fenugreek may help support blood sugar management. It’s essential to talk with your doctor before adding any of these foods to your diet if you’re already taking diabetes medications, as some herbal supplements may negatively interact with them. Finally, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate supplements like it regulates prescription medications. Purchasing supplements that an independent lab has tested for purity and ingredient content is important. Maintaining your doctor’s recommended weight range for your age and height promotes healthy blood sugar levels and reduces your risk of developing diabetes. For example, if a person weighs 200 pounds (91 kilograms) and loses 10 to 14 pounds (4.5 to 6 kilograms), they may see significant improvements in their blood sugar levels. What’s more, losing more than 5% of your initial weight may benefit your HbA1c readings. These are used as indicators of your blood sugar levels over the past 3 months. Spreading your meals and snacks throughout the day may help you avoid high and low blood sugar levels. Snacking between meals may also Smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day could Probiotics are friendly bacteria with numerous health benefits, including improved blood sugar regulation. Probiotics may lower fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, a 2016 study found that improvements in blood sugar levels are more significant in people who consume multiple species of probiotics for at least 8 weeks. Probiotic-rich foods include fermented foods, such as: - yogurt, as long as the label states that it contains live active cultures What are the three signs of hyperglycemia? Hyperglycemia symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision, tiredness, and sores that don’t heal. What are the 3 P’s of diabetes hyperglycemia? The 3 P’s of diabetes hyperglycemia are polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. These are defined as excessive thirst, urination, and appetite, respectively. Is type 2 diabetes hypo or hyper? Type 2 diabetes can cause hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) because your insulin isn’t allowing glucose to be used in your body the way it’s supposed to. Managing blood sugar levels involves certain lifestyle strategies, such as managing weight, stress levels, and sleep quality as well as prioritizing physical activity and hydration. That said, some of the most significant improvements involve dietary choices.

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/15-ways-to-lower-blood-sugar

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How to Help a Loved One Suffering From Loneliness? You are worried about your mother. Before the pandemic, you would visit her every week with your young children. They loved playing in her garden and eating homemade cookies together. You would take your mother to medical appointments and on small excursions. However, due to her chronic lung disease, you made the difficult decision in March not to continue in-person family visits. You call her daily, but she sounds increasingly sad and worried. What can you do? What is loneliness and how does it affect health? Loneliness is a subjective mental state of feeling disconnected from others. It is different from social isolation — you can be lonely even when surrounded by people you care about. Loneliness can be triggered by memories of losing someone, feeling misunderstood by others, having emotionally unsatisfying relationships, or having less access to relationships due to changing life circumstances. According to studies, loneliness is one of the greatest health concerns people face: it is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes daily, it appears to be worse for your health than obesity, and it may increase your risk of death by 29%. Loneliness and suicide It does not seem surprising that reports of both loneliness and suicide have increased dramatically in recent years. According to a recent survey, more than three out of five Americans now consider themselves lonely. Data from the federal government show that the rates of suicide have increased by more than one-third from 1999 through 2018. Although studies have not determined whether loneliness causes suicidality, they have demonstrated an association between loneliness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors that are independent of depression. Alarmingly, gun sales in the United States have skyrocketed since March 2020. Decreasing loneliness should be a public health priority with lockdowns and stay-at-home orders increasing social isolation. If unaddressed, loneliness may contribute to a firearms-related suicide crisis. Tips for conquering loneliness So what can you do to prevent loneliness and help a loved one? Although we do not have enough data to identify the most effective loneliness interventions, the following principles may help guide you and your loved ones and should be used daily: - Connect meaningfully with family and friends. Although technology can help foster connections, it is imperfect: social media, for example, has been linked to increasing loneliness. Connect in a way that works best for you: whether by phone, via video chat, through a mobile application, or even by talking with your neighbors across the fence or in a park. - Be thankful. Loneliness can lead people to focus on themselves and their hardships. Aim to express appreciation toward friends, family, and strangers. - Focus on what you can change. Spending time dwelling on your current situation can perpetuate loneliness; rather, focus your attention on something within your control and work at it. - Enjoy being busy. Complete a chore, spend time writing, find a new hobby, or allow yourself to delve into a new activity. Let your creativity shine! - Remove negativity. Surround yourself with people and activities that bring you joy. Consider taking a break from the news or at least limiting your consumption. - Data suggest that just the act of smiling can make you feel better. - Be kind, understanding, and patient. Work on treating yourself and others with compassion. Pleasurable interactions can also help those around you and may result in deeper connections. - Develop a routine that provides balance and familiarity. Create a daily plan that includes physical activity, time for connecting with loved ones, a project or hobby, and a relaxing pleasure.

http://sutured.com/how-can-you-help-a-loved-

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It’s a pear or globular thin walled hollow organ attached to liver bed and connected to the common bile duct. It acts as a reservoir of bile. Bile is concentrated in the gall bladder and prepared for digestion of fatty food. It is a golden yellow fluid secreted from liver and carried by bile duct to gallbladder. Bile in the gallbladder is concentrated and prepared for digestion of fatty food in the intestine. It’s a tube like structure connecting liver with the intestine. Bile is carried from gallbladder and liver to the intestine when fatty food reaches intestine. Inner wall of the gallbladder absorbs water from bile and pour a semisolid fluid and prepare for digestion of fatty food. Gallbladder pumps the bile to the intestine via common bile duct when the fatty food reaches intestine. The process of pumping the bile is controlled by hormone. Usually the ingredients of bile maintain a balance. Salts and pigments precipitate when this balance is disturbed resulting in stone formation. Upper abdominal colicky pain radiating to back ( not in all patients), vomiting, flatulence after spicy food, intolerance to fatty food, indigestions following spicy food. Fatty, fertile female of forty are the candidates for gall stone disease. Acute colicky pain upper abdomen radiating to back with/ without jaundice and with/ without fever with chill. Sometimes may be associated with Pancreatitis Acute colicky pain upper abdomen with/ without fever followed by jaundice Acute pancreatitis (swelling of pancreas with accumulation of fluid around the pancreas) caused due to spasm in the lower opening ( ampulla) of the bile duct probably due to plugging by bile/ stone. Commonest and effective investigation is Ultrasound Examination It is diagnosed by routine blood examinations and liver function tests along with Ultrasound examination. Contrast CT scan is required in specific situations. Common bile duct stone or disease is effectively diagnosed by MRCP (Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography). Endoscopic Sonography is also an effective investigation but not commonly available. Contrast CT is done in some situations Thorough examination and investigation to exclude other problems like diseases of lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood etc and to inform the attendants and treat them prior to surgery. Avoid fatty ( Egg yolk, Oily fish, meat, Fried food, oily food, milk and its products) and spicy food when gall stone disease is detected. Advised to take boiled vegetables, fresh fruits, vegetable salads etc. Egg white is allowed. Smoking, alcohol must be stopped before surgery. Medications are taken as advised by doctor. Patient is given light food on previous night and advised laxatives. Advised good bath with naval cleaning before surgery. Pre operative medications are taken on the day of surgery. Patient is not allowed anything by mouth six hours before surgery Pre 1987 era, Gall stone diseases were treated with open surgery by making large incision. Hospital stay and recovery was prolonged. 1.Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (Removal of Gall bladder by using laparoscope through small holes) is the method of choice for gall bladder removal due to minimal post operative pain, speedy recovery and negligible post operative scar. Hence cosmetically much superior than open surgery. Patients are discharged within 24 hrs if there are no associated diseases. With experience of more than 20000 gall bladder surgeries, laparoscopy has been safely carried out even in the badly infected gall bladder with excellent recovery. bile duct stone can be treated by 1) Open surgery – it was the procedure in earlier days to extract stone of bile duct as there were no alternatives. 2) Laparoscopic Bile duct Surgery – I have been doing this procedure since 1998 and have pioneered the procedure in North East India. Stones more than 10-15 mm and larger stones with failed ERCP extraction are the ideal situations for this procedure. 3) ERCP (Endoscopic Extraction)– Endoscope is pushed through mouth and stomach to remove the stone from the lower end of the bile duct under radiological vision. Stones around 10 mm size or less are ideal for this procedure. But even up to 15 mm stone can be removed by experienced endoscopist. Attendants should be explained about possible complications of ERCP and Laparoscopic bile duct exploration. Patient is put on oxygen support till fully oriented and may be kept in the recovery ward if necessary. During this period patient is not allowed mouth feeding. Light liquid is started four hours after surgery when the patient is well oriented. Semisolid after 12hours, non spicy solids after 24hours if patient recovers well. Then gradually start normal diet. Patient is advised normal movements like going to toilet. Symptomatic medications are prescribed for post operative period. Prophylactic antibiotics three doses are injected. Antibiotic is continued for minimum period of 5 days when there is infection. Wound dressing is removed after 7 days and allowed to take bath. Patient is advised to resume non strenuous work after seven to ten days.

https://www.gilapsurgery.com/gallbladder-surgery

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Are you tired of noise polluting plants, generators or institutes depriving you of sleep? Here is how to report noise pollution in Lagos Nigeria. Noise pollution (also known as sound pollution or environmental population) is constant exposure to elevated sound levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or other living organisms. Noise pollution can be very disturbing especially in this part of the world where people think they can wake up one morning to start blasting away all in the name of ‘they can get away with anything’. Lagos, as we all know, is the most populous and busiest state in Nigeria. We constantly live with noise from vehicles when going to work in the morning, noise from manufacturing industries, religious organisations, shop owners, generators and more. In fact, noise is a member of our family in Nigeria! *Smiles*. There are dangers associated with noise pollution and these dangers could be life-threatening when not put in check. Here are some of the harmful effect of noise pollution (source): - It interferes with speech. In the presence of noise, we may not able to follow what the other person is saying. - Noise leads to emotional and behavioural stress. A person may feel disturbed in the presence of loud noise. For example, noises produced by the beating of drums. - Noise may permanently damage hearing. A sudden loud noise can cause severe damage to the eardrum. - Noise increases the chances of occurrence of diseases such as headache, blood pressure, heart failure, etc. - Noise leads to an increased heartbeat, constriction of blood vessels and dilation of the pupil. - Noise is a problem especially for patients who need rest. - Noise may cause damage to the liver, brain and heart. - You suffer from sleeping disorders. Loud noise can certainly hamper your sleeping pattern and may lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations. This article would tackle the issue of noise pollution from churches, mosques, schools, factories, generators and other noise polluting plants. For those who don’t know, Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) was established to bequeath a functional and healthy environment for the people, adding that the Lagos State Government desired a clean sustainable environment for all Lagosians. In 2017, the General Manager said that LASEPA as the regulator of pollution in the State was empowered to rid the state of any form of pollution, saying that “the agency as the Environment regulator has been monitoring the state environment without fear or favour. The Agency has been enforcing Environmental regulation around the State based on petitions received from the public and there are procedures which the Agency adopts in carrying out its operation”. In this post on Naijaknowhow.net, we would walk you through the step by step procedure on how to properly report noise pollution in Lagos, Nigeria via LASEPA. Without further ado, let’s delve right into it. Procedures on how to report noise or sound pollution in Lagos Step 1: Visit LASEPA website To get started, you have to click here to visit the official Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) website if you’re serious about reporting sound pollution in Lagos. Step 2: Go to Contact Us page Navigate to the top right corner of their website (Navigation Menu) then click the “Contact Us” button. Step 3: Select the Report A Problem option Once you’re on their Contact Us page, scroll down a little and you’ll find the big green Report A Problem button on the right sidebar of the site. Go ahead and click that. Step 4: Fill in details and report the case After selecting the Report A Problem button in step 3, you should get a pop that takes you to a page where you can fill in necessary information such as your name, telephone number, email address, and details of your complaints. Please when filling this form, make sure that you give them everything they need to carry out a proper investigation. Step 5: Investigation and compliance Upon receipt of any petition, the Agency sends out its inspection team to find out the true state of things. On identifying any Environmental infraction, the Agency summons the parties involved to a mediation meeting, where memoranda of understanding are usually written for abatement of the environmental nuisance by the concerned parties. It is after such agreements were seen to be violated by any party that the Agency enforces compliance, by shutting down the defaulter”. Here are success stories on social media of LASEPA punishing defaulters. God bless you. In my neighborhood it was a school which was not meant to be there. Every morning with the bull horn. Kai. I don’t know who eventually reported them but God knows I contemplated it more than once. — Dee Mom (@SweetMOMdee) May 5, 2019 However should incase you need to reach out to them in person or contact them via mobile phone, then here is the contact address below: LASEPA contact address and telephone - HEAD OFFICE: LASEPA Building, Governor’s Road, The Secretariat, Alausa, Lagos State. - ZONAL OFFICE: Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. - PHONE: +234-704-635-1295, +234-815-045-8639, +234-815-045-8638 - EMAIL: [email protected] Please I want to report some yahoo guys in my compound they always play music loud that you can’t even rest or have a quiet time in my own apartment, even in the midnight hour, please what step should I take, because I don’t want an open confrontation that will lead to fight, what step can I take please??? You may want to consider talking to them about it, but if nothing is done, you can report to the caretaker or owner before taking further action. However, if you want to follow the legal route, just follow the steps above to report noise pollution. Good afternoon my is famous moses from bariga there is a guy that used to pollute my compound with noise by playing loud music, you cannot listen to news you cannot read and you cannot make call went this music am tire of this and I av been warning him I don’t want a suituation whereby fight will brake out. Pls do some Lasepa is no longer able or alive. So the situation is very bad. I agree with Ade. Why is it that after much compliants, LASEPA is not rising to the occasion any more? What is happening?

https://naijaknowhow.net/report-noise-pollution-in-lagos/

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Covid symptoms: What are they and how do I protect myself? There are three main symptoms of coronavirus. If you have any of them, you should get a test. What are the symptoms? - New and continuous cough - coughing a lot for more than an hour, or having three or more coughing episodes in 24 hours - Fever - a temperature above 37.8C - Change in smell or taste - either you cannot taste or smell anything, or these senses are different to normal. Public Health England says about 85% of people with Covid will have at least one of these symptoms. People infected with new variants such as Delta may be more likely to have other symptoms, such as headache, sore throat or a runny nose, according to research from the Zoe Covid Study and an ONS survey. If you have any symptoms you should get tested as soon as possible and not leave home for any other reason. It takes five days on average from the moment you're infected for symptoms to show. Is Covid the same in everyone? No - it can affect multiple organs and has several less common symptoms. Scientists using data on the health of four million people say Covid has six sub-types: - Flu-like with no fever: Headache, loss of smell, muscle pains, cough, sore throat, chest pain, no fever - Flu-like with fever: Headache, loss of smell, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, fever, loss of appetite - Gastrointestinal: Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, sore throat, chest pain, no cough - Fatigue (severe level one): Headache, loss of smell, cough, fever, hoarseness, chest pain, fatigue - Confusion (severe level two): Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, cough, fever, hoarseness, sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, confusion, muscle pain - Abdominal and respiratory (severe level three): Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, cough, fever, hoarseness, sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, confusion, muscle pain, shortness of breath, diarrhoea, abdominal pain Researchers think that vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps could be a sign of coronavirus in children. What about Covid toe? Some people who catch Covid develop chilblain-like lesions on their toes or fingers. It can happen to anyone, but is more common in children and teenagers. For some it's painless, but the rash can be very sore and itchy. It appears to be a side effect of the body switching into attack mode to fight off the virus. Writing in the British Journal of Dermatology, researchers say they've pinpointed which parts of the immune system are responsible, which should lead to better treatments. If I have a cough, is it definitely Covid? Lots of other viruses have similar symptoms to Covid, including flu. Public Health England says just under half of people who have one of the three main Covid symptoms will not have it. What should I do if I have Covid? If you have a positive test result you should self-isolate at home for at least 10 days from the time symptoms started. Most people will only have mild symptoms, which can be managed with pain relief (like paracetamol), bed rest and fluids. You should not go to a GP surgery, pharmacy or hospital. Since 16 August, people who are double jabbed (or aged under 18) don't have to self-isolate if they're identified as a close contact of a person who tests positive. When should people go to hospital? Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent serious illness, hospitalisation or death from Covid. If you are seriously unwell and you have a medical emergency you should call 999 - this includes feeling so breathless that you can't speak more than a few words. The main reason people need hospital care is for difficulty breathing where they may be given oxygen. The most seriously ill patients may require ventilation - where patients are sedated and air is pushed into their lungs. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure), are more likely to become severely ill. Men are at slightly higher risk of dying from the virus than women.

https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51048366

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By Ebun-Olu Adegboruwa, SAN Who are the Victims of GBV and who is most at risk? GBV can manifest in a variety of ways. Some of these include: physical violence, such as assault or slavery; emotional or psychological violence, such as verbal abuse or confinement; sexual abuse, including rape; harmful practices, like child marriage and female genital mutilation; socio-economic violence, which includes denial of resources; and sexual harassment, exploitation and abuse. Gender-based violence can happen to anyone. However, it disproportionately affects women and girls. Those in crisis settings are at a double disadvantage due to their gender and their situation. Women and girls from other diverse and marginalized communities face an even greater risk where gender inequality intersects with other forms of oppression. Those at higher risk include: women and girls living with disabilities, young and adolescent girls, older women, women of ethnic minorities, refugees and migrants, et cetera. While we reference these different identities separately, each person holds multiple identities at once. For example, a woman who lives with a disability might also be an older refugee. This is why it is important to understand the concept of intersectionality — that a person faces different kinds of discrimination and risks due to a combination of their identities like gender, race, religion, age. It is crucial to understand intersectionality when working to determine and provide prevention and response services. For instance, research has found that adolescent girls living in displacement are particularly at risk of being overlooked in emergency settings, where they may fall between the cracks of child protection services and those aimed at adult women. According to the South African Police Service, 988 women were killed between April 2020 and September 2022 in incidents of gender-based violence Causes of gender-based violence Gender inequality, and the norms and beliefs that violence against women and girls is acceptable, are some of the main causes of gender-based violence. There are also many other factors that increase the risk of GBV, with women and girls living through crises experiencing an increase in both the frequency and severity of GBV. This is because the same conditions that contribute to conflict and forced displacement also accelerate GBV. These include: 1. Poverty: Research has shown that when families are pushed into poverty, harmful practices like child marriages increase. Young girls may be pulled out of education for marriage, to help with domestic tasks or to generate an income. Unemployment and economic distress in the household can increase instances of GBV, as well. 2. Breakdown of services: A collapse of community structure and the rule of law means women can find themselves without social support and protection systems in violent situations. It can also result in women and girls traveling great distances in search of food, water or fuel, further increasing the risk of sexual harassment and assault. 3. Conflict and war: Rising numbers of conflicts globally are driving an increase in conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). Without the rule of law, CRSV is often carried out with impunity. Armed forces may use rape as a weapon of war. Other forms of CRSV include sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced abortion, enforced sterilization, forced marriage and other forms of sexual violence. 4. Displacement: Women living in refugee camps and other temporary accommodation can face safety issues that put them at greater risk. This can include having no locks on bathroom doors, joint male and female facilities, and inadequate lighting. Women living as refugees may have to find new livelihoods, which can lead to an increased risk of exploitation. Displaced women and girls in emergencies are often less visible. They’re not always included in national surveys or reports, which means their needs go unmet. 5. Stress in the home: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence women experience in humanitarian settings. Diverse research suggest that IPV and child maltreatment and abuse occur more frequently when families experience an inability to meet their basic needs, alcohol and substance abuse and inconsistent income. Effects of gender-based violence Violence has a long-lasting effect on survivors and their families. Impacts can range from physical harm to long-term emotional distress to fatalities. Rape and sexual assault can result in unwanted pregnancies, complications during pregnancy and birth, and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Women are disproportionately affected by violence and gender inequalities, rendering violence against women a significant public health problem. In countries with high HIV prevalence, violence against women is common, and studies have shown that women who experience violence, sexual or physical, are at higher risk of acquiring HIV. Therefore, addressing violence is necessary to curtail the HIV epidemic. There is a clear need to scale up efforts across a range of sectors, both for violence prevention and to provide necessary services for women experiencing violence. READ ALSO: Osigwe facilitates with newly conferred SANs Social and economic fallout from GBV can lead to a loss of livelihood and increased gender inequalities in the long term. Reporting or seeking services for GBV can lead to further threats of violence, social stigma and ostracization. GBV is also a key barrier to women and girls accessing other life-saving services, such as food, shelter and healthcare. Crises are not short-term occurrences. Climate-related disasters can create recurrent crises and many women and girls who are forcibly displaced can end up living in temporary accommodation for years. This exposes women and girls to GBV for a longer period and it can draw out and compound the effects of such violence for decades, hampering long-term resilience and empowerment. Justice for victims of Gender-Based Violence Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by a competent national tribunal for acts violating the fundamental rights granted to him by the Constitution or by law. Article 8 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) enshrines the right of every victim of human rights abuse to an effective remedy for the harm done to them, and as such it creates a requirement for states to ensure that victims are able to access the justice system to seek redress. Access to justice is fundamental to the protection of women’s rights and makes the realization of all other rights for women and girls possible, including the right to live free from discrimination and inequality. The Nigerian authorities have stepped up their efforts to ensure that the criminal justice response to Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) is comprehensive, timely, and compliant with international human rights standards and the rule of law, while also operationalizing important legislation and policy tools, such as the Violence Against Persons’ Prohibition (VAPP) Act, 2015. The Federal Ministry of Justice (FMoJ) established a Sexual and Gender Based Violence Response Unit in May 2021 to review laws and policies related to SGBV offences with a view to streamlining procedures to ensure access to justice for victims of SGBV – through both prosecution and alternative dispute resolution – and to help build the capacity of prosecutors, judges and law enforcement officers to handle such cases. Many State-judiciaries have begun to create special courts in tackling the offence of GBV offences. For instance, the Lagos State High Court has since designated the Special Offences Court and the Sexual Offences Court for prosecuting crimes related to GBV. Also, in March 2022, the judiciary of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) further built on this initiative by designating six High Court judges to preside over SGBV cases, in order to prioritize the hearing of SGBV cases, to provide tailored protection to victims, and to ensure the effective prosecution of offenders. Other courts need to replicate and improve upon these initiatives. Section 34 of Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) provides that every individual is entitled to respect for the dignity of his/her person and accordingly no person shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment. The Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act, 2015 which was enacted to prohibit all forms of violence in private and public life is a commendable piece of legislation. It provides the maximum protection and offer effective remedies for victims, punishment of offenders and for other matters relating thereto. This Act is only applicable in FCT Abuja, however, some States which include Anambra, Bauchi, Enugu, Kaduna and Oyo have also passed it into their own laws. Section 44 of the said Act empowers the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) as a regulatory body mandated to administer the provisions of the law and to collaborate with the appropriate stakeholders. The Protection Against Domestic Violence Law of Lagos State (PADVL), in its Section 1 provides that “no person shall commit domestic violence against any person under the Law”. This law is only applicable in Lagos State. By virtue of this Law, the Magistrate Court or High Court in Lagos State have the jurisdiction to hear and to determine criminal matters arising from this Law. The Court is also statutorily empowered to grant interim protective orders in favour of a person who is being abused. These are few other laws of other States in Nigeria regulating Gender-Based Violence.

https://frontiernewsng.com/justice-

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- From Alexander the Great to 70 ce - From the Arab conquest to 1900 - From 1900 to 1948 - Palestine and the Palestinians (1948–67) - Diverging histories for Palestinian Arabs - The Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and its consequences - Negotiations, violence, and incipient self-rule Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Palestine, area of the eastern Mediterranean region, comprising parts of modern Israel and the Palestinian territories of the Gaza Strip (along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea) and the West Bank (west of the Jordan River). The term Palestine has been associated variously and sometimes controversially with this small region, which some have asserted also includes Jordan. Both the geographic area designated by the name and the political status of it have changed over the course of some three millennia. The region (or at least a part of it) is also known as the Holy Land and is held sacred among Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Since the 20th century it has been the object of conflicting claims of Jewish and Arab national movements, and the conflict has led to prolonged violence and, in several instances, open warfare. The word Palestine derives from Philistia, the name given by Greek writers to the land of the Philistines, who in the 12th century bce occupied a small pocket of land on the southern coast, between modern Tel Aviv–Yafo and Gaza. The name was revived by the Romans in the 2nd century ce in “Syria Palaestina,” designating the southern portion of the province of Syria, and made its way thence into Arabic, where it has been used to describe the region at least since the early Islamic era. After Roman times the name had no official status until after World War I and the end of rule by the Ottoman Empire, when it was adopted for one of the regions mandated to Great Britain; in addition to an area roughly comprising present-day Israel and the West Bank, the mandate included the territory east of the Jordan River now constituting the Hashimite Kingdom of Jordan, which Britain placed under an administration separate from that of Palestine immediately after receiving the mandate for the territory. The name Palestine has long been in popular use as a general term to denote a traditional region, but this usage does not imply precise boundaries. The perception of what constitutes Palestine’s eastern boundary has been especially fluid, although the boundary frequently has been perceived as lying east of the Jordan River, extending at times to the edge of the Arabian Desert. In contemporary understanding, however, Palestine is generally defined as a region bounded on the east by the Jordan River, on the north by the border between modern Israel and Lebanon, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea (including the coast of Gaza), and on the south by the Negev, with its southernmost extension reaching the Gulf of Aqaba. The strategic importance of the area is immense: through it pass the main roads from Egypt to Syria and from the Mediterranean to the hills beyond the Jordan River. Settlement depends closely on water, which is almost never abundant. Precipitation, which arrives in the cool half of the year, decreases in amount in general from north to south and from the coast inland. Perennial rivers are few, and the shortage of water is aggravated by the porous nature of the limestone rocks over much of the country. Coastal lowlands of varying widths front the Mediterranean. The most northerly is the Plain of ʿAkko (Acre), which extends with a breadth of 5 to 9 miles (8 to 14 km) for about 20 miles (32 km) from the Lebanon border in the north to the Carmel promontory, in Israel, in the south, where it narrows to a mere 600 feet (180 metres). Farther southward the lowland opens out rapidly into the Plain of Sharon, about 8 miles (13 km) wide and extending south to the latitude of Tel Aviv–Yafo. Once covered with marshes, the Sharon plain was reclaimed in the post-Exilic and Hellenistic period and is now a settled area. Fields and fruit groves are laid out between scattered sandstone ridges, on which villages have grown up. South of the spur of low hills that approaches the coast at about Yafo (Jaffa), the plain widens into a fertile region known in biblical times as Philistia, a district of orange groves, irrigated orchards, and fields of grain. Farther northward the Plain of Esdraelon (ʿEmeq Yizreʿel), formed by subsidence along lines of faults, separates the hills of southern Galilee from the mountains of Samaria. The plain, 16 miles (26 km) wide at most, narrows to the northwest, where the Qishon River breaks through to the Plain of ʿAkko, and to the southeast, where the Ḥarod River—which rises at the Spring of Ḥarod—has carved the plain into the side of the Jordan Valley. Covered with rich basaltic soils washed down from the Galilean hills, Esdraelon is important both for its fertility and for the great highway it opens from the Mediterranean to the lands across the Jordan. The maritime plain connects with Esdraelon by the pass of Megiddo and several lesser routes between the mountain spurs of Carmel and Gilboaʿ. The hill country of Galilee is better-watered and more thickly wooded than that of Samaria or Judaea. North of the Bet Netofa Valley (Plain of Asochis) is Upper Galilee, with elevations of 4,000 feet (1,200 metres), a scrub-covered limestone plateau that is thinly populated. To the south, Lower Galilee—with its highest peak, Mount Tabor (1,929 feet [588 metres])—is a land of east-west ridges enclosing sheltered vales like that of Nazareth, with rich basaltic soils. Samaria, the region of the ancient kingdom of Israel, is a hilly district extending from the Plain of Esdraelon to the latitude of Ramallah. Its mountains—Carmel, Gilboaʿ, Aybāl (Ebal), and Al-Ṭūr (Gerizim)—are lower than those of Upper Galilee, while its basins, notably those of the ʿArrābah Plain and Nablus, are wider and more gently contoured than their equivalents in Judaea. Samaria is easily approached from the coast across the Plain of Sharon and from the Jordan by the Fāriʿah valley. The city of Jerusalem has expanded rapidly along the mountain ridges. From Ramallah in the north to Beersheba in the south, the high plateau of Judaea is a rocky wilderness of limestone, with rare patches of cultivation, as found around Al-Bīrah and Hebron. It is separated from the coastal plain by a longitudinal fosse and a belt of low hills of soft chalky limestone, about 5 to 8 miles (8 to 13 km) wide, known as Ha-Shefela. The Judaean plateau falls abruptly to the Jordan Valley, which is approached with difficulty along the wadis Qelt and Muqalliq. The Jordan Valley is a deep rift valley that varies in width from 1.5 to 14 miles (2.5 to 22 km). In its northern section the bed of the drained Lake Ḥula and of Lake Tiberias (the Sea of Galilee) are blocked by natural dams of basalt. Descending to about 1,310 feet (400 metres) below sea level—the lowest land depth on the Earth’s surface—the valley is exceedingly dry and hot, and cultivation is restricted to irrigated areas or rare oases, as at Jericho or at ʿEn Gedi by the shore of the Dead Sea. The Negev, a desertlike region, is triangular in shape with the apex at the south. It extends from Beersheba in the north, where 8 inches (200 mm) or more of precipitation falls annually and grain is grown, to the port city of Elat on the Red Sea, in the extremely arid south. It is bounded by the Sinai Peninsula on the west and the northern extension of the Great Rift Valley on the east. William Charles Brice Rashid Ismail KhalidiPeople The social geography of modern Palestine, especially the area west of the Jordan River, has been greatly affected by the dramatic political changes and wars that have brought this small region to the attention of the world. In the early 21st century, Israeli Jews constituted roughly half of the population west of the Jordan, while Palestinian Arabs—Muslim, Christian, and Druze—and other smaller minorities accounted for the rest. The Jewish population is increasingly composed of persons born in Israel itself, although millions of immigrants have arrived since the founding of the State of Israel in 1948. The Arab population is descended from Arabs who lived in the area during the mandate period and, in most cases, for centuries before that time. The majority of both Jews and Arabs are now urbanized. According to Jewish nationalists (Zionists), Judaism constitutes a basis for both religious and national (ethnic) identity. Palestinian nationalists usually emphasize that their shared identity as Arabs transcends the religious diversity of their community. Both Muslim Arabs, constituting about 18 percent of the Israeli population, and Christian Arabs, about 2 percent, identify themselves in the first instance as Arabs. The Arab majority resident in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and the still larger number of Arab Palestinians living outside the area (many in nearby countries such as Lebanon) have strongly opposed Israeli control and feared an eventual annexation of the West Bank and Gaza by Israel. Many ideological Jewish Israeli settlers support such an annexation and think those lands properly belong to Israel. In 2005 Arab concerns were partially assuaged when Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and handed over control of the territory to the Palestinians, but the Israeli settlement population in the West Bank nearly doubled between 2005 and 2019. Both Zionists and Palestinian Arab nationalists have at various times since the 19th century claimed rightful possession of the area west of the Jordan River. The rivalry between the two groups and their claims have been major causes of the numerous Arab-Israeli conflicts and the continuing crises in the region. Some members of each group still make such sweeping and mutually exclusive claims to complete control of the area, whereas others are more willing to seek a peaceful compromise solution. Rashid Ismail Khalidi The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

https://www.britannica.com/place/Palestine

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What Is M2? M2 is the U.S. Federal Reserve's estimate of the total money supply, including all the cash people have on hand, plus all the money deposited in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other short-term saving vehicles such as certificates of deposit (CDs). Retirement account balances and time deposits above $100,000 are omitted from M2. The Federal Reserve tracks a separate money supply number, M1, that includes currency in people's pockets or their checking accounts and savings accounts. The money deposited in time deposits and money market funds is not counted in M1. For the Fed's purposes, this is "near money." That is, the funds cannot be used as a medium of exchange and are not instantly convertible to cash. - M2 is a measure of the money supply that includes cash, checking deposits, and other deposits readily convertible to cash, such as CDs. - M1 is an estimate of cash, checking, and savings account deposits only. - The weekly M2 and M1 numbers are closely monitored as indicators of the overall money supply. Too-fast growth in the numbers can be a warning sign of inflation. - Another money supply number, M3, includes all of the above plus large institutional cash deposits. The M3 is published quarterly. - Gold is not counted in M1, M2, or M3. In the modern world, gold is no longer used as a common currency. Measuring the money supply of an economy is a challenging proposition. Due to the complexity of the concept of "money" and the size and level of detail of an economy, there are multiple ways of measuring a money supply. These measures are typically classified as "M" s and fall along a spectrum from narrow to broad monetary aggregates. Typically, the "M" s range from M0 to M3, with M2 representing a fairly broad measure. M2 is a more comprehensive calculation than M1 because it includes assets that are highly liquid but are not intended to be routinely used as cash. Consumers and businesses don't usually use time deposits when making purchases or paying bills, but in a pinch, they could convert them to cash in short order. 13 includes numbers on large-time deposits, institutional money market funds, and other large liquid assets. This is published on a quarterly basis. M1 and M2 Reporting Times The Federal Reserve releases M1 and M2 numbers every Thursday at 4:30 p.m. The St. Louis Fed tracks the numbers. Economists usually use the broader M2 number when discussing the money supply because modern economies often involve transfers between different account types. For example, a business may periodically transfer $10,000 from a money market account to a checking account. This transfer would increase M1, which doesn’t include money market funds, while keeping M2 stable since it contains both accounts. M2 is a critical factor in forecasting inflation. Inflation and current interest rates have major ramifications for the general economy, as they heavily influence job availability, consumer spending, business investment, currency strength, and trade balances. Changes in Money Supply The Federal Reserve's dual mandate is price stability and maximum sustainable employment. One of the ways it works to maintain price stability is by manipulating the M2 money supply. The M2 numbers provide important insight into the direction, extremity, and efficacy of central bank policy. M2 has consistently been growing. It was $4.7 trillion on Jan. 3, 2000, and was $20.8 trillion on March 2, 2024. The most extreme growth occurred from Feb. 2020 to June 2020 during the Coronavirus pandemic when M2 jumped from $15.3 trillion to $18 trillion. Other large increases have also coincided with economic weakness, during which expansionary monetary policy was deployed by the central bank. What Is the Value of M2 Now? The M2 was $20.8 trillion in March 2024. That's how much cash Americans had in their wallets, checking accounts, and short-term savings accounts. What Happens When the M2 Money Supply Increases? When there is more cash out there, more cash is spent. A little more can be good. A lot more can increase the risk of inflation. That's why the Federal Reserve constricts the money supply when the inflation rate rises—it is trying to slow down spending to control the inflation rate. Is M2 a Leading Economic Indicator? M2 is seen as a reliable predictor of inflation, so it might be counted among the leading economic indicators. M3 is considered by some economists to be an even better predictor of inflation. This is published quarterly rather than monthly and includes data on large liquid assets held by financial institutions. The Bottom Line The Federal Reserve isn't keeping track of how much cash you've got in your wallet, but it has a pretty good idea of how much cash we (as a population) have at any given time. The important point isn't the number but how the number is increasing or decreasing from month to month. Too much cash is seen as a warning sign of a growing threat of inflation.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/m2.asp

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Turin Shroud 'was created by flash of supernatural light': It couldn't be a medieval forgery, say scientists Scroll down for video The image on the Turin Shroud could not be the work of medieval forgers but was instead caused by a supernatural ‘flash of light’, according to scientists. Italian researchers have found evidence that casts doubt on claims that the relic – said to be the burial cloth of Jesus – is a fake and they suggest that it could, after all, be authentic. Sceptics have long argued that the shroud, a rectangular sheet measuring about 14ft by 3ft, is a forgery dating to medieval times. The official Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano said this week that, 'For science, the shroud continues to be an 'impossible object' ¿ impossible to falsify.' Scientists from Italy’s National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development spent years trying to replicate the shroud’s markings. They have concluded only something akin to ultraviolet lasers – far beyond the capability of medieval forgers – could have created them. This has led to fresh suggestions that the imprint was indeed created by a huge burst of energy accompanying the Resurrection of Christ. ‘The results show a short and intense burst of UV directional radiation can colour a linen cloth so as to reproduce many of the peculiar characteristics of the body image on the Shroud of Turin,’ the scientists said. WHAT IS THE TURIN SHROUD? The Vatican owns the Turin shroud, and hails the relic as an exploration of the ‘darkest mystery of faith’. But the church has shied away from any definitive statement over whether the shroud - which is supposed to have formed Christ's burial robe - is real. The Shroud is thought to have travelled widely before it was brought to France in the 14th century by a Crusader. It was kept in a French convent for years - by nuns who patched it, and where it was damaged by fire. The Shroud was given to the Turin Archbishop in 1578 by the Duke of Savoy and has been kept in the Cathedral ever since. Carbon dating tests in 1988 dated it from between 1260 and 1390 - implying it was a fake. Scientists have since claimed that contamination over the ages from patches, water damage and fire, was not taken sufficiently into account In 1999, two Israeli scientists said plant pollen found on the Shroud supported the view that it comes from the Holy Land. There have been numerous calls for further testing but the Vatican has always refused. The image of the bearded man on the shroud must therefore have been created by ‘some form of electromagnetic energy (such as a flash of light at short wavelength)’, their report concludes. But it stops short of offering a non-scientific explanation. Professor Paolo Di Lazzaro, who led the study, said: ‘When one talks about a flash of light being able to colour a piece of linen in the same way as the shroud, discussion inevitably touches on things such as miracles. ‘But as scientists, we were concerned only with verifiable scientific processes. We hope our results can open up a philosophical and theological debate.’ For centuries, people have argued about the authenticity of the shroud, which is kept in a climate-controlled case in Turin cathedral. One of the most controversial relics in the Christian world, it bears the faint image of a man whose body appears to have nail wounds to the wrists and feet. Some believe it to be a physical link to Jesus of Nazareth. For others, however, it is nothing more than an elaborate forgery. In 1988, radiocarbon tests on samples of the shroud at the University of Oxford, the University of Arizona, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology dated the cloth to the Middle Ages, between 1260 and 1390. Those tests have been disputed on the basis that they were contaminated by fibres from cloth used to repair the shroud when it was damaged by fire in the Middle Ages. More recently, further doubt was cast on its authenticity when Israeli archaeologists uncovered the first known burial shroud in Jerusalem from the time of the Crucifixion. Its weave and design are completely different from the Turin Shroud, they said. The Jerusalem shroud has a simple two-way weave – but the twill weave used on the Turin Shroud was introduced more than 1,000 years after Christ lived. Monsignor Giuseppe Ghibert of the commission in Turin which supervises the relic told the official newspaper: 'Revelations about the shroud easily assume a sensational tone, but in this case the measured way the scientists speak of their research is to be appreciated.' The Resurrection of Christ, 1463-65, fresco by Piero della Francesca: The Vatican - which owns the Turin shroud - usually shies away from statements over whether it is real or fake, but says it helps to explore the 'darkest mysteries of faith' Carbon dating tests carried out in 1988 in Oxford, Zurich and Arizona suggested that the shroud was created some time between 1260 and 1390 Most watched News videos - Smoke from Halen Môn smokery causes dispute with Anglesey Sea Zoo - Horrifying moment man knocks woman unconscious in Dallas - Disgraced presenter Huw Edwards arrives at court for sentencing - Old clip of 56-year-old man who attempted to kill Trump resurfaces - David Lammy complains of no taxpayer budget for Starmer's clothes - PM holds breakfast meeting with business leaders in Rome - Starmer and Meloni giggle as they pose for photos in Villa Doria - Teen girl rushed to ambulance after knife rampage at Russian school - Shocking moment woman repeatedly runs over handbag thief - Australian tourist 'lynched' after streaking through Italian town - Moment family flee their home after hoverboard charger explodes - Huw Edwards leaves court following sentencing

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2076443/Turin-Shroud-

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What Is Currency in Circulation? Currency in circulation refers to the amount of cash–in the form of paper notes or coins–within a country that is physically used to conduct transactions between consumers and businesses. Currency in circulation is all of the money that has been issued by a country's monetary authority, minus cash that has been removed from the system. Currency in circulation represents part of the overall money supply, with a portion of the overall supply being stored in checking and savings accounts. - Currency in circulation is the amount of money that has been issued by monetary authorities minus currency that has been removed from an economy. - Currency in circulation is an important component of a country's money supply. - In the United States, the majority of currency is $100 bills or less, as the ability to conduct electronic fund transfers has reduced the need for larger bills for transactions. - Federal Reserve Banks order new currency from the U.S. Mint and remove it from circulation as needed. Understanding Currency in Circulation Currency in circulation can also be thought of as currency in hand because it is the money used throughout a country's economy to buy goods and services. Monetary authorities of central banks pay attention to the amount of physical currency in circulation because it represents one of the most liquid asset classes. Currency in circulation is less important to central banks’ monetary policy relative to other types of money (for example bank reserves) because the quantity of currency is relatively less flexible. In the U.S., a new currency is printed by the Treasury Department and distributed by the Federal Reserve Banks to banks that order more currency. The amount of U.S. currency in circulation has increased over the years as a result of demand from the international market. According to the Treasury Department, more than half of U.S. currency in circulation is found overseas rather than domestically. Overseas demand for U.S. currency stems in part from the relative stability of U.S. currency compared with nations that have more volatile currency valuations. Even though electronic funds are accessible for many types of transactions, physical currency in circulation may be preferable in some circumstances. After natural disasters, for instance, physical currency can become more prevalent as the means to pay for services that are needed immediately. In addition, the nature of the disaster could make it difficult or impossible to access electronic funds. Power may be unavailable in widespread areas, for example, making physical currency or paper checks the only method of conducting transactions. The delivery of physical currency puts funds immediately in the hands of those in need, rather than waiting for assets to transfer between institutions. Example of Currency in Circulation In the United States, the majority of denominations of currency that are printed and remain in circulation include $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100 bills (in addition to coins in circulation). At different periods, the Treasury Department has discontinued production and the Federal Reserve Banks have removed from circulation certain denominations of currency. For example, after World War II, currency in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 stopped being printed. In 1969, Federal Reserve Banks were ordered to remove that paper currency from circulation. Those denominations had been used for such purposes as making large transfers of funds. Furthermore, as secure electronic means of transferring funds became increasingly used, the need for such large forms of currency was eliminated. Though such currency may still exist, Federal Reserve Banks actively work to remove them from circulation and then destroy the physical currency.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency-in-circulation.asp

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Printable Learning Activities to Develop Kid's Basic Preschool Skills Early education plays a very important role in a child’s life because it develops the foundation for future school achievements. However, early education is only effective if a child is interested, engaged, and happy. Keeping in mind the three important characteristics of toddler’s and preschool education – «playing-exploring-active» – we have created printable educational preschool worksheets and board games for children of 1–7 years old, which assist in the learning and improvement of all types of children's skills. Fine motor skills and pre-writing worksheets for kids Fine motor skills development is an extremely important step in early education. Practice with colorful funny kindergarten worksheets makes a habit of regular learning, because of its fun and engaging manner. You can select an activity that is most preferable and effective for your child: - sorting objects worksheets; - matching worksheets for toddlers or preschool; - tracing worksheets; - color worksheet; - cutting practice worksheets. Math activities for toddlers, kindergarten and preschool At the age of 2-3 years old, children get to learn figures and counting. By this age, they can distinguish geometric forms and solve simple math problems. Math learning preschool activities help to gain future academic achievements at school. Here are some useful tips: - Demonstrate a practical usage of math in the real life. Point at everything related to counting around you. You can do this when shopping, cooking, and counting the time. - Let a child investigate and work with things they are curious about: toys, candies, objects in nature, household items, money, etc. - Use printable math games for kindergarten to make interesting lessons. Children like colorful and fascinating printouts, and it contributes to motivated learning. Printable logic and critical thinking activities for play and fun Taking full advantage of right decision-making can be learned even during preschool age. On our website, you can print free practical logical activities to teach children to assess the situation and make the most proper and effective decision. Craft templates for creativity Print out templates for paper crafts contribute to improving toddlers' imagination and creativity by helping them make handcrafted items. Let it be an absolutely free creative process, in order to unlock and develop a child’s imagination and creative potential. Simply color, draw, construct, and make your own design without any rules and limits, based only on your personal vision. Activities to improve kids’ memory skills Printable memory games develop a child's ability to grasp knowledge and memorize information. It also helps to better organize and remember their everyday tasks such as tidying up a room, filling a pencil case, cleaning their teeth, and helping their parents with simple household tasks. Thematic preschool worksheets for everybody A correctly chosen game topic is a key to success. If you select a worksheet on a topic that a child is curious about, you get a self-motivated, engaged, and active student. These worksheets help to capture a child’s interest and get them to concentrate on the task. Some learning activities (e.g. counting, graphomotor skills worksheets, pattern cutting, handwriting worksheets for kids, etc.) demand sitting still for a particular time. For children, this can be a problem unless they do something captivating. Interesting and entertaining learning is the most effective way of education – just remember to select the right topic for your child. Quick and Easy Preschool Activities at Home - Find the right printable activities for kids by topic, category, or age. - Download or print it online for free. - If you want to use printable worksheets many times, we recommend making a plastic lamination. - Depending on the game, you can paste fastener tape on the laminated pieces. - Using premium subscription, you can receive exclusive preschool learning games and other subscription benefits. Why the Wunderkiddy? - We create interesting play-based teaching materials that make learning fun. - We provide parents with family activity ideas and free educational resources for noncommercial home usage. - Teachers are also allowed to use free kindergarten worksheets from our site for group lessons with kindergarten children. - We are open to new ideas. If you have one, just send us a message and our team will try their best to implement it.

https://wunderkiddy.com/

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WEB DESIGN TRAINING (PHYSICAL & VIRTUAL) Web Design Training in Lagos, Nigeria Web Design Training is Fun, Beneficial, Project based and Practical Oriented at Megatek ICT Academy PROJECTS TO BE DONE PAST STUDENTS WORK Web design is the skill of creating presentations of content (usually hypertext or hypermedia) that is delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web, by way of a Web browser or other Web-enabled software like Internet television clients, microblogging clients and RSS readers. The intent of web design is to create a web site, a collection of electronic files that reside on a web server/servers and present content and interactive features/interfaces to the end user in form of Web pages once requested. Such elements as text, bit-mapped images (GIFs, JPEGs) and forms can be placed on the page using HTML/XHTML/XML tags. Displaying more complex media (vector graphics, animations, videos, sounds) requires plug-ins such as Flash, QuickTime, Java run-time environment, etc. Plug-ins are also embedded into web page by using HTML/XHTML tags. Improvements in browsers’ compliance with W3C standards prompted a widespread acceptance and usage of XHTML/XML in conjunction with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to position and manipulate web page elements and objects. This course is ideal if you’ve always wanted to create your own website but lacked the skills or knowledge to do so. Aimed at both the novice and intermediate web-designer, this comprehensive, easy-to-understand course will enhance your understanding of web development tools and techniques. Topics covered include the essential tools for web page development including HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and Adobe Dreamweaver. It also examines the practical steps needed to build a website such as registering a domain name and choosing a hosting account. - Tag Element Attributes - Choosing Editor - Visual Studio Setup - Structure and Title - Text and Heading - Font Color - Background Color - Text Background - Text Formatting - Page Link and Hyperlink - Adding and Resizing the Image - CSS Selectors - External CSS - Color and Background - Borders and many more - WordPress Installation - Functionality of WordPress Duration: 4 Weeks 3rd – 28th of June What knowledge is required for web designing? The two most important programming languages to know are Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)—the standard markup language used to create web pages—and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Do I need to know Maths before enrolling Contrary to popular opinions, You Do Not need to know or like Maths to be a Web Designer. What is the difference between Front-End, Back-end and Full Stack Front-end development focuses on making the website look good and providing a positive user experience. In full-stack development, the objective is to build a complete web product that incorporates the back and front ends, along with database management

https://ictacademy.com.ng/courses/web-design/

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Frequently Asked Questions About Cancer The cells of our bodies grow and multiply in a process known as cell division. It must be extremely tightly controlled if all the cells in our body are to grow in the right place, and for all our organs and tissues to function properly. If cells divide too quickly the consequences can be disastrous. Cancer is essentially a disease of cell division. Uncontrolled cell division can have many causes, and can happen in any type of cell in the body, but it usually results from defects or damage in one or more of the genes involved in cell division. If these genes become damaged (mutated) in some way, for example by exposure to cigarette smoke or ultraviolet radiation, the cell can start to divide uncontrollably. These defective cells can multiply to form a lump of abnormal tissue called a tumor. A benign tumor is not cancer, does not spread, can usually be completely removed, is not likely to recur and does not usually present a serious threat to health. A malignant tumor is cancer, and can invade neighboring tissue and organs through blood or lymph system (this is the system which helps fight infection). This is called metastasis and can start new or secondary cancers. The cells in almost any part of the body can become cancerous (only the hair, nails and teeth cannot get cancer). There are several hundred different types of cancer. Each happens for different reasons and each type of cancer is different. Some cancers develop slowly, others quickly, some cancers have known causes whilst others have unknown causes. When cancer comes back in a person who appeared to be free of the diseases after treatment, it is called a recurrence. For a cancer to grow bigger than the head of a pin, it must grow its own blood vessels. This is called angiogenesis. Sometimes cells move away from the original (primary) cancer, either by the local tissue fluid channels (lymphatics) or in the blood stream, and invade other organs. When these cells reach a new site, they may continue to grow and form another tumor at that site. This is called a secondary cancer or metastasis. Things can get much worse, however, if the cancer becomes malignant and spreads. This happens when a single cancerous cell breaks away from the main tumor and starts growing and dividing elsewhere in the body. Once a tumor metastasizes, it is much more difficult to treat, and can make you much more ill because more areas of the body are affected. Anything that damages the genes in our cells can ultimately cause cancer. The vast majority of cancers are caused by DNA damage that accumulates over a person’s lifetime (‘sporadic’ cancer). Cancers that are directly caused by genetic faults inherited from a parent are less common. Smoking, chewing tobacco, taking gutka and pan masala, high- fat diet, lack of exercise or exposure to chemicals (cancer-causing substances) in the work place over long periods of time may be risk factors for some adult cancers. Family history, inheritance, and genetics may play an important role in some adult and childhood cancers. It is possible for cancer of varying forms to be present more than once in a family. Some gene alterations are inherited. However, this does not necessarily mean that the person will develop cancer. It indicates that chance of developing cancer increases. There are two important types of genes that, when mutated, can cause cancer-tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. During the course of a day, we are continually exposed to things that damages our DNA. Things that damage the DNA are called carcinogens, and they include: Tobacco, Car exhausts fumes, the sun, Natural and manmade radiation, asbestos, pesticides, fertilizers. Many of these things cause damage because they react with the molecules in our cells to form free radicals. Free radicals are highly damaging molecules, and can wreck havoc on the sensitive machinery inside a cell. Age is an important factor for cancer. Cancer can occur at any age, but the risk of developing cancer increases with age. Over 70% of all newly diagnosed cancers occur in people aged 60 years or more. This is because the longer we live, the greater the number of potentially cancer causing mutations in our DNA. Some viruses are linked to certain types of cancer. Possibly, the virus alters a cell in some way. This does not mean that these cancers spread from person to person like an infection, and does not mean that everyone infected with these viruses will develop cancer. – Changes in bowel or bladder habits – Unusual bleeding or discharge – A sore that does not heal – Indigestion of difficulty swallowing – A nagging cough or hoarseness – A thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere – An obvious change in wart or mole A physician can detect cancer by taking medical history, performing routine check ups, cancer screening tests, imaging techniques and tissue biopsy. – Digital rectal examination – Pelvic examination – Breast self examination – PAP test Diagnostic blood tests These tests are designed to identify tumor caused impairment. Blood tests like CBC’s- complete blood counts and differential blood cell counts. Tumor markers- Tumor markers are substances either released by cancer cells into the blood or urine or substances created by the body in response to cancer cells. Tumor markers are used to evaluate how well a patient has responded to treatment and to check for tumor recurrence. Eg Alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoeembryonic antigen (CEA), Prostate specific antigen (PSA) etc are used to indicate the presence of tumor. Imaging is the process of producing valuable pictures of body structures and organs. It is used to detect tumors and other abnormalities, to determine the extent of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Imaging may also be used when performing biopsies and other surgical procedures. Surgery is complete or partial removal of tumor. It is used in several ways to help cancer patients. It provides the best chance to stop many types of cancer, and it also plays a part in diagnosing, staging, and supporting cancer treatment. Several types of surgery are helpful to people with cancer. Some surgeries are used in combination with other types of treatment. The goal of surgery is to eliminate the cancer or in the case of advanced disease, relieve symptoms and to achieve long term remission. The goal is to – Remove primary cancer – Leave an area around the cancerous a\site that is free of cancer cells. Therefore, no cancer cells are present in the tissue surrounding the surgery site. – Remove nearby lymph nodes. The nodes are then examined to see if they contain any cancer cells. This is important to correctly stage the cancer. Having surgery for cancer is different for every patient, depending on the type of surgery, type of cancer, and the patient’s health. 2) Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses precisely targeted high energy rays to kill cancer cells. It does this by damaging a cell’s internal components (molecule), causing the cells to commit suicide by apoptosis. Radiotherapy is usually required for one of the Comprehensive Blood & Cancer Centers following reasons: – As a standalone treatment to cure cancer. – To shrink a cancer before surgery – To reduce risk of cancer coming back after surgery. – To complement chemotherapy – To control symptoms and improve quality of life if a cancer is too advanced to cure Radiation therapy is given through different methods, depending on the types of cancer, the location of the cancer, and the patient’s health. Sometimes, radiation therapy is used in combination with other treatments. Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy reaches all parts of the body, not just the cancer cells. The oncologist will recommend a treatment plan for each individual. Specific treatment will be based on: – Your overall health and medical history – The type and stage of the cancer – Your tolerance for specific medications and procedures – Expectations for the course of disease Your opinion or preference The frequency, dosing and choice of chemotherapies are determined by a number of factors (e.g. the extent of cancer, the patient’s response to and recovery from chemotherapy, the overall health of the patient). The oncologist will also determine how long and how often you will have chemotherapy treatments. Chemotherapy treatments are often given in cycles; a treatment for a period of time, followed by a recovery period, then another treatment. – Shrink tumors – Slow cancer’s growth – Keep the cancer from spreading – Relieve diseases related symptoms – Prolong survival Chemotherapy is used to treat many different types of cancer. The type, location, and stage of the cancer as well as your general health will largely determine if chemotherapy is appropriate and which agents ought to be used. Each type of treatment for lung cancer has adverse effects that may last for a few months; some complications, however, can be permanent. You may be able to speed up your recovery by being aware of the side effects before you start treatment. You might be able to take steps to prevent them or shorten the length of time they last. Remember that your body is unique, and so are your emotional needs and your personal circumstances. In some ways, your cancer is like no one else’s no one can predict precisely how you will respond to Comprehensive Blood & Cancer Centers cancer or its treatment. Statistics can point an overall picture, but you may have special strengths such as a healthy immune system, a history of good nutrition, a strong family support system, or a deep spiritual faith. All of these have an effect on how you cope with cancer. If you are being treated for cancer, be aware of the battle that is going on in your body. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy add to the fatigue caused by the disease itself. Rest as much as you need to so that you feel better as time goes on. Exercise once you feel rested enough. Ask your cancer care team whether your cancer or its treatment might limit your exercise program or other activities. Do as much as you can to help yourself stay healthy and active. Even after a diagnosis of lung cancer is made, it still is very important that you quit smoking. Studies have shown that patients who continue to smoke after the diagnosis of lung cancer have worse outcomes than those who stop. Quitting also helps improve your appetite and overall health and can reduce your chance of developing a new cancer. Eat a balanced diet of healthy foods, including plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Once you get your strength back, try to exercise a few hours each week. Your health care team can suggest the types of exercise that are right for you. A cancer diagnosis and its treatment are major life challenges, with an effect on you and everyone who cares for you. Dietary Do’s and Don’ts – Have small frequent meals instead of 2-3 large meals. – It is important to prevent weight loss hence have food which are calorie dense and high in protein – Have lots of high carbohydrate foods like cereals, potatoes, suran, fruits. – Cereals are good sources of fiber which help relieve constipation – Include all pulses, peas, soya in form of soyamilk, soyaflour, soya nuggets, nutrela in your diet – Soya bean is a very good source of vegetable protein, it contains phytoestrogens and isoflavones which have cancer protective properties – Include milk in your diet, add skimmed milk powder to regular milk to increase protein content of the milk. – Incorporate the skimmed milk powder in products like curds cheese paneer milkshakes custards porridge pudding to increase protein content. – Use milk instead of water to prepare the dough of chapatti – Include eggs in your diet as they are complete source of proteins – Increase the nutritive value of dais by sprouting them. – Add soya flour to whole wheat flour in proportion of 1:4 while making chapattis – Can also add chana, bajra, ragi, jowar flour to whole wheat flour to improve the nutritive value of chapattis. – Dry fruits nuts, peanuts, should be included in your diet to increase the protein content – Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly to protect them from causing any infection – Have 5-7 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, they are rich in antioxidants and are cancer protective – Include plenty of liquids like water, lime juices, soups, fruit juices, coconut water, buttermilk, milkshakes to your diet. – Have mashed potato baked vegetable with melted cheese and butter – Avoid aerated drinks – Avoid spicy food, gas producing food and food that is difficult to digest – Avoid very sour and extreme temperature food – Avoid artificial sweeteners, refined foods. – Avoid alcohol, smoking and chewing tobacco

https://apollocbcc.com/cancer-

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We all want our kids to shine bright in all areas of life; we want them to grow up to be upstanding citizens, intellectual individuals, and compassionate human beings. While academics and civics are taught in school, there’s a gap when it comes to social-emotional learning. Social-emotional learning is a skill that helps you deal with and address your emotions and feelings. Children have a lot on their minds at all times, they go through emotions just like adults, but may not be able to define what they’re feeling, and in turn, might be unable to communicate with their parents about these emotions. Some children are shy while some are bold, some are scared and some are fearless – teaching them about social-emotional learning will help them channel these emotions. This skill is vital for children to gain self-esteem and interpersonal skills. Showcasing empathy, understanding another’s perspective, and being able to cooperate will help your children connect with other kids more comfortably. They will grow up to be social, friendly people instead of shy. Being aware of their feelings and emotions will also get rid of the frustration and confusion of not knowing what those feelings are. They will be able to communicate better, and you, as a parent, can help them channel those emotions correctly. Understanding their strengths and weaknesses will help them focus on what they’re good at. This will result in better grades at school and less emotional distress. And, of course, they will grow up to be confident adults filled with self-esteem, kindness, and empathy. Today, there are many helpful mobile apps that can teach children about social-emotional learning. Through various activities and games, they can learn different emotions and how to identify what they are feeling. They will also learn the right and wrong way of communicating with other kids, how to help their friends when they are sad or upset, and how to control negative feelings. These apps can be very beneficial for children with special needs; they can learn at their own pace and in the comfort of their own homes. Download Skidos apps and discover the many games that can help your child with social-emotional learning!

https://skidos.com/blog/social-emotional-

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Acid and Base. Meaning, Types, and Physical Properties Basic Science and Technology Basic 5 / Primary 5 Previous lesson : The pupils have previous knowledge of meaning and types of rocks Acid and Base. Types and Physical Properties of Acid and Base Behavioural objectives : At the end of lesson, pupils should be able to: - Define acid - Define base . - Mention types of acid and Base . - List the properties of acid and Base - Mention the uses of acid and Base Instructional Materials : - Wall charts - Related Online Video - Flash Cards - Water bottle - Sample rocks or stones Methods of Teaching : - Class Discussion - Group Discussion - Asking Questions - Role Modelling - Role Delegation Reference Materials : - Scheme of Work - Online Information - 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum What is acid ? An Acid is a chemical substance that can react with other materials which are sometimes sour or turn blue litmus paper to red . They are used in specific places like laboratory, industry and research centers. Unripe fruits contain acid that is why if you taste an unripe orange it will be sour. Etc. Many people believe acids are harmful. For instance, a car or lorry battery contains sulfuric acid, without which it will not work. This acid irritates or burns the skin if it touches the human body. While some acids are harmful, some are not. Some acids are in fact edible (can be eaten). Some acids occur naturally in living things. For example in the human stomach, there is an acid called hydrochloric acid. It is formed by cells in the stomach wall, and it helps digestion to take place. Orange juice, lemon juice and grape fruit contain ascorbic acid, which is vitamin C. We must take vitamin C and other vitamins in our diet to maintain good health. Vitamin C is also present in vegetables and some other fruits. Sour milk and yoghurt contain lactic acid, while grape contain tartaric acid. Types of Acid Types of acids There are Natural acids and the Synthetics acids. NATURAL ACIDS are called organic acids: this acid occurs naturally, they are found in plants and animals. EXAMPLES OF NATURAL ACIDS Ascorbic acid or acetic acid in vinegar Citric acid in lime. Lactic acid in spoilt milk. Tartaric Acid in grape. Synthetic acids are produced by human – beings (scientists) in the laboratory. EXAMPLES OF SYNTHETICS ACIDS Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS They have sour taste. Concentrated acids can are corrosive. They turn blue litmus paper red. The concentrated acid can react with plastic and metals and damage them. They neutralize bases to form salt and water. USES OF ACIDS They are used in the manufacture of paint, fertilizers, drugs and other chemicals in dusty. They are used as solvent. They are used in the production of gasses like hydrogen, carbon dioxide. They are used to produce chemicals in the laboratory. Base are chemical substances that react with acid to form salt and water only. They are found in natural objects like wood ash, burnt palm, bunch of waste etc. Types of Bases The two types of bases are: Soluble bases or alkalis bases: these are bases that are soluble in water. Examples are sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), potassium hydroxide (caustic potash). Insoluble bases: these are bases that are not soluble in water, e.g. copper (II) oxide and Zinc Oxide. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BASE Base has bitter taste. Bases are slippery or soapy to touch. They turn red litmus paper to blue. Concentrated base are corrosive. USES OF BASES They are used in the production of soap. They are used in the production of chemicals. Some bases are used in the production of glass, drugs and detergents. They are used in the production of salt when dissolved in acids. Lime water (Calcium hydroxide), which is base is used in the production of plaster of Paris (POP). The topic is presented step by step The class teacher revises the previous topics He introduces the new topic The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught. The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils. He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise. - Define acid - What is a base - mention four characteristics of acid - Mention four uses of base - Mention some major landmark rocks in Nigeria Prepare for the next lesson by reading about acid and base

https://edudelighttutors.com/2020/12/02/acid-and-base-meaning-and-physical-

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On supporting science journalism If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today. Bad language could be good for you, a new study shows. For the first time, psychologists have found that swearing may serve an important function in relieving pain. The study, published today in the journal NeuroReport, measured how long college students could keep their hands immersed in cold water. During the chilly exercise, they could repeat an expletive of their choice or chant a neutral word. When swearing, the 67 student volunteers reported less pain and on average endured about 40 seconds longer. Although cursing is notoriously decried in the public debate, researchers are now beginning to question the idea that the phenomenon is all bad. "Swearing is such a common response to pain that there has to be an underlying reason why we do it," says psychologist Richard Stephens of Keele University in England, who led the study. And indeed, the findings point to one possible benefit: "I would advise people, if they hurt themselves, to swear," he adds. How swearing achieves its physical effects is unclear, but the researchers speculate that brain circuitry linked to emotion is involved. Earlier studies have shown that unlike normal language, which relies on the outer few millimeters in the left hemisphere of the brain, expletives hinge on evolutionarily ancient structures buried deep inside the right half. One such structure is the amygdala, an almond-shaped group of neurons that can trigger a fight-or-flight response in which our heart rate climbs and we become less sensitive to pain. Indeed, the students' heart rates rose when they swore, a fact the researchers say suggests that the amygdala was activated. That explanation is backed by other experts in the field. Psychologist Steven Pinker of Harvard University, whose book The Stuff of Thought (Viking Adult, 2007) includes a detailed analysis of swearing, compared the situation with what happens in the brain of a cat that somebody accidentally sits on. "I suspect that swearing taps into a defensive reflex in which an animal that is suddenly injured or confined erupts in a furious struggle, accompanied by an angry vocalization, to startle and intimidate an attacker," he says. But cursing is more than just aggression, explains Timothy Jay, a psychologist at the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts who has studied our use of profanities for the past 35 years. "It allows us to vent or express anger, joy, surprise, happiness," he remarks. "It's like the horn on your car, you can do a lot of things with that, it's built into you." In extreme cases, the hotline to the brain's emotional system can make swearing harmful, as when road rage escalates into physical violence. But when the hammer slips, some well-chosen swearwords might help dull the pain. There is a catch, though: The more we swear, the less emotionally potent the words become, Stephens cautions. And without emotion, all that is left of a swearword is the word itself, unlikely to soothe anyone's pain.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-we-swear/

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What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is defined as the ability of the program to process and learn from the experience. Parallel Human intelligence when processed by machines this process is called Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence replicates human efficiency and intelligence. AI applications are playing an amazing role in almost all business sectors. By simplifying the technical process and coming up with better innovative business solutions. AI applications make our lives simple with accurate performance. Here is a practical example of how the application of AI has influenced our lives positively. AI has proved so beneficial in the banking sector. As banks are now adopting artificial intelligence to facilitate customers by simplifying transaction processes. All important tasks like money deposits, transferring money, and even opening accounts from any end, adopting AI for security, apply privacy controls are now program oriented. The intelligent algorithms smoothly operate all defined tasks profoundly. The system also generates alarming notifications in case of any unusual banking activity is observed in the system. In this article, you will know all about Artificial Intelligence and its applications that practically we apply and get real technical experience.What is the History of Artificial Intelligence? AI has evolved progressively with time; here is a brief on how it all began. 1956 - John McCarthy introduced the term ‘artificial intelligence and the first AI conference was arranged. 1968 -Shaky a mobile robot was built. It was designed to do things with a purpose like planning, navigation, and rearranging or performing simple tasks. 1997 - The supercomputer ‘Deep Blue’ was designed, and it defeated the world champion a Russian chess player in a match. 2002 - The first successful robotic vacuum cleaner was introduced. 2005 - 2019 - Robotic process automation (RPA), smart homes, smart cars, voice recognition devices, and other innovations make their debut. 2020 - AI algorithm for medical and scientific medical teams developing a vaccine during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was released by Baidu. How does Artificial Intelligence Work? AI-assisted devices allow you to perform various tasks continuously without any breaks. The tasks are smoothly performed and delivered outstanding performance quality. These automated tasks are not just possible by any single software or application but by an entire range of disciplines or scientific techniques. To pull up this objective AI has to indulge in wide arrays of technical procedures with different technological series and algorithm implementation. Following are the components that AI technology uses in the following technological fields: It’s an application of AI which allows the system to automatically learn and develop effective results without being programmed. A definite pattern is observed by machine learning where data is analyzed and better insights are offered. The system thus generates accurate results for any task assigned to it. Machine learning algorithms use experienced data as input and provide predictive analysis to offer better business solutions with accurate values. Deep Learning: It is a subset of machine learning. Which drives many Artificial Intelligence applications that automate, and deliver analytical and physical tasks without human involvement? Deep learning technology is observed in our day-to-day lifestyle when we use digital devices like voice-enabled music systems, digital assistants, etc AI can recognize and interpret the content of a picture or pattern. AI systems identify the various components of visual data which takes inputs from the user by asking questions to help them identify various images like cars, signals, mountains, etc. Meaningful information is derived by the system after gauging inputs from the visual content. What are the Applications of AI? Artificial Intelligence is composed to explore the next wave of the digital innovative explosion, and companies should prepare for it now. Many firms have already adopted and assembled AI technology with time to accelerate their digital transformations. AI is widely used today in probably all sectors. It is playing an essential part in our daily lives. Making our tasks easy and offering better and more productive performances. Following are the sectors where AI has been successfully implemented over the years and has delivered spectacular results with innovative solutions. AI application in Healthcare: The combination of AI with medical intelligence and the history of data together brings up innovative medical solutions that introduce new drugs to cure chronicle diseases more effectively. AI applications offer amazing technology in the medical field that helps detect and cure complicated diseases. The health solutions are provided in much less time and save lives. AI application in Education: The education sector is a more of human interaction and involvement sector. It is gradually changing in terms of adopting new technologies in the admin as well as content sections, which makes it flexible and more understandable for the students and education department. Artificial Intelligence has positively changed the performance of both faculty and students by implementing advanced technologies in the system. Artificial Intelligence can prove very beneficial for educators to perform tasks like automated messages to students, notifications, guardian interaction, feedback, course management, and HR assistance. All these tasks that are now automated make it easy for educators and students to be updated and get accurate educational data instantly. Faculties are now providing smart solutions and a better understanding of the subject is provided to the students. With the help of visual learning, video classes, and presentations. Learning content is made very easy and in-depth informative material is provided by digital assistants. The learning experience is made more effective by audio and video summaries by exposing a wide range of subject categories. Learning material is made available through audio or video assistants. There is no need for a physical lecturer. Online lectures and classes with great video support make students' experiences much more effective. AI technology provides personalized learning material like notes, study guides, reminders, class tests, queries, etc for the students and makes the learning process more of a personalized experience with in detail informative sessions. AI application in Agriculture: With the smart combination of robotics, computer vision, and machine learning applications, Artificial Intelligence detects the quality and capabilities of the soil in terms of nutrient consistency. AI bots help to understand the soil's capability to harvest crops in high volume and get quality results in less time. AI application in Automobiles: Self-driving cars are designed with Artificial Intelligence technology. AI has been providing smart inputs when it comes to vehicle camera detailing, radar, GPS navigation, signal control, safety controls, monitoring blind spots, road condition detection, and auto drive measures. AI helps make driving tasks easy with safety measures and an easy digital assistant for a remarkable driving experience. AI application in Finance: AI is holding a huge stake in the finance sector. Various AI features are applied in the corporate, finance, and business sector to improvise a business performance. AI has evolved immensely with time and has provided smart business solutions by reducing task efforts and saving a lot of time. Smart features like automated bank notifications, statements, messages, updates, schemes, fraud alerts, transaction details, security, loan assistance, etc which were performed manually are all automated now and thus we save ample time and project better business results. What are the Types of AI? Artificial Intelligence is divided into two types. There are two types of categories with abilities and functionalities of AI. AI type 1 based on ability Narrow AI, General AI, and Strong AI Narrow AI is a type of AI which intelligently performs tasks assigned to it. It is the handiest and most obtainable AI type in the artificial intelligence field. It is trained to perform one task at a point so the performance capability is limited and defined. Therefore it is also known as weak AI. The best example of Narrow AI is the voice assistant device Apple`s Siri which operates with limitations with few defined tasks. Any intellectual task is performed with the same precision as a human. A system that thinks like a human and comes up with innovative solutions comes under the general AI category. At present, there is no system designed under general AI that performs tasks as perfectly as humans do. Research is still on as to come up with such a precise AI machine, it should take some time. Super AI is the level of AI that exceeds human intelligence and performs at the peak of intelligence. It can strongly perform human characteristics. The ability to think, come up with an idea, resolve the problem, get solutions, make plans, make judgments, predict the results, be open to suggestions and communicate on its own. AI type 2 Based on the functionality. Reactive Machines, Limited Memory, Theory of Mind, Self-Awareness Spam filters and the Netflix recommendation engine are everyday examples of Reactive Machines also Google’s Alpha Go and IBM Deep Blue systems are an example of reactive machines. The significance of reactive machines is simple they do not store memory or previous data for future use they perform just the current task based on observation. These AI machines can store data for a limited time. Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of limited memory where the machine uses the sensors that store data for a limited time like road conditions, speed detection, navigation route, etc Theory of Mind: It should have the capability to read human emotions and understand the emotional aspects. This AI system is in the research process and has yet not been developed. An AI that’s self-resistant when it comes to intelligence. The next-level intelligent system has far better capabilities than humans in the intellectual field. The machines with capabilities like self-thinking, self-awareness, and use of their consciousness. This machine is not yet developed. What are the Career Options in AI? A rapidly evolving industry with great growth opportunities. AI offers bright career options and a better future. There is a requirement for a real talent house; the vacancies are not filled easily as very fine talent is the need of the AI field. Machine Learning Engineer Machine learning engineering is a challenging career option, it is the perfect opportunity for data science or software engineering candidates. The job is relevant for those who are shining bright in mathematical skills, machine learning, deep learning, have great programming skills in python, java, etc The pay scale is smart with spectacular prospects. The role of the data scientist is to collect the data and analyze it to define the best business insights. The application of many tools, algorithms, and processes is used to extract the data and define the insight. The basic qualification for this post is: Advanced degree in computer science. Knowledge of structured and unstructured data. Good experience in cloud tools like Amazon S3 Skilled in programming languages like Python, SQL, Perl, etc Business Intelligence Developer The intelligent process of complex internal and external data to identify the current business trends is the job of a BI developer. The right place for BI developers is the finance companies where they monitor the stocks and produce data that evaluate the company's business profit. The qualifications for BI developer should be: Bachelor’s degree in computer science or engineering Good knowledge in data mining, SQL, etc Efficient in BI technologies like Tableau, Power BI, etc The expert in various streams like artificial intelligence, data science, machine learning, deep learning, mathematics, etc the multiple powerhouses of talent that have handsome experience in computer science with a doctorial degree. Such immense talent is eligible for a research scientist post. The main job is to question and come up with creative queries for the AI. Extensive knowledge and experience in parallel computing, distributed computing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are the perks. Research scientists are an exclusive job with the smartest prospects. Big Data Architect Most companies look forward to experienced engineers having a great hand in computer science, Ph.D. in mathematics, Big data engineers should be skilled in C++, java, and python. Expert in data mining, and data visualization. The big data scientist has more refined responsibilities than the data scientist. They have to precisely plan, define and develop big data environments on Spark systems. What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of AI? Artificial Intelligence is a program that has an inbuilt capacity to understand and perform the designed tasks that are usually performed by humans. It is possible in any way that the program is developed to make the machine work in just a similar way as humans do or even better. Let us see the various advantages of AI. No human error The program to perform a certain task is developed and accurate steps are followed precisely by the set of algorithms. Which keeps no margin of errors and the desired output is delivered proficiently in much less time. Machines are developed to sustain unpleasant atmospheres. For instance, a robot is designed with a metallic body to explore the deepest core of the ocean or provide military assistance like diffusing the bombs or perform a spying activity like monitoring the enemy activity. All such activities when performed by machines leave us stress-free with no human casualties. There is no risk to human life. Part of our lives most of our daily activities are now assisted by AI applications. It only has made our lives easy as we are using various voice assistant applications like Google, Siri, Alexa, auto-reply functions in this, weather predictions or notifications, navigation, etc AI-based technologies have simplified our daily tasks as accurate results are delivered by the programs or applications that we use. AI also has disadvantages that we cannot deny; let us know more about it. Program an application that will give us desired output is not an easy task. It requires the latest hardware and software systems, up-to-date technology, ample time, and a huge team of engineers involved in defining the program. All this is a time-consuming affair with huge money involved in it. A robot can 24/7 perform the defined task with great accuracy. That leaves no option for human intervention. For example, if a robot is assigned to perform some mechanical task in a manufacturing unit. It will give perfect service as defined. This costs the chances of a human with no scope to get a job in that particular field. Thus reducing the job availability and increasing the unemployment ratio. Every new invention has been proven beneficial and also has its risk factors. It is up to us how we make the best use of AI technology for the benefit of society and to make our lives better. AI technology has proved a great source of business growth; the development has only benefited the industry. This certainly sparks more scope for AI literacy programs. It is very essential to adapt and up skills for a prosperous career. Fingertips Data Science Pro, Business Intelligence, Advanced A.I, Data Science with R, and Data Science with Python programs will help you shape your career and explore new career opportunities. Fingertips also provide Hands-On Experience on Real-World Projects by Experts to make sure you have practical knowledge as well. Get started with the course today and have a dream career.

https://fingertips.co.in/blog/what-is-artificial-intelligence

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In recent years, a growing number of people are switching to a plant-based diet, recognizing its numerous benefits for both personal health and the environment. Whether you’re a committed vegan or simply looking to incorporate more plant-based meals into your diet, this post will highlight ten plant-based diet benefits. What are plant-based diets? A plant-based diet is a way of eating that focuses on foods that come from plants. It means you eat lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, grains, and legumes while minimizing or avoiding animal products like meat, dairy, and eggs. This diet is often chosen for health reasons, as it’s linked to lower risks of heart disease, obesity, and certain cancers. So what are the benefits of a plant-based diet? Top 10 Plant-based Diet Benefits - Enhanced Nutritional Value - Improved Digestion - Increased energy levels - Weight Management - Stronger Immune System - Heart Health - Environmental Sustainability - Clearer Skin - Increased mental clarity 1. Enhanced Nutritional Value One of the plant-based diet benefits is the enhanced nutritional value it provides. Consuming plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts is essential to our well-being. These foods are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, which are integral to maintaining good health. Nutrient-dense vegetables like kale and spinach offer ample vitamins A and K, while beans and lentils provide a hearty dose of protein and fiber. What distinguishes plant-based diets is their ability to reduce saturated fat and cholesterol intake, leading to better heart health. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory properties can lower the risk of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and certain cancers. 2. Improved Digestion Individuals on a plant-based diet often experience fewer digestive discomforts, such as bloating and gas, due to the absence of processed foods and artificial additives. The advantage of improved digestion not only contribute to physical comfort but also enhance overall well-being, making a plant-based diet an excellent choice for those seeking digestive health improvements. 3. Increased energy levels The fiber in plant-based foods helps stabilize blood sugar levels, preventing energy crashes and maintaining a steady supply of vitality throughout the day. Additionally, these diets are typically lower in saturated fats, which can bog you down, and higher in healthy fats, such as those found in nuts and avocados, promoting sustained energy. Besides, plant-based diets can improve sleep quality, further enhancing your energy levels. They are also associated with better digestion, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption for optimal energy production. 4. Weight Management Plant-based diets are naturally lower in calories and saturated fats, making them an excellent choice for individuals looking to shed pounds without compromising on nutrition. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts are rich in fiber, which keeps you feeling full for longer and reduces overeating. However, vegan foods are naturally lower in saturated fats and empty calories commonly found in animal-based products and processed foods. This, in turn, contributes to weight loss and maintenance. The increased intake of fiber, vitamins, and minerals supports metabolic processes and helps control body weight. Incorporating plant-based meals can also reduce the risk of obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant-based diets not only promote a healthy weight but also encourage overall well-being, making them an excellent choice for those seeking to manage their weight while enjoying a nutritious and sustainable lifestyle. 5. Stronger Immune System The various antioxidants, phytochemicals, and vitamins found in plant-based foods bolster our immune system. They help to fight off harmful free radicals, reduce inflammation, and protect against chronic diseases. One major benefit of adopting a plant-based diet is a stronger immune system. Focusing on nutrient-dense fruits, fuels your body with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are essential for a robust immune system. 6. Heart Health If you’re looking to boost your heart health, and reduce heart-related issues, a plant-based diet may be just what you need. Studies have shown that a plant-based diet significantly lowers the risk of developing heart disease, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Plant-based diets are naturally low in cholesterol, making them effective in reducing high cholesterol levels. With its high fiber content, a plant-based diet helps regulate blood pressure, potentially preventing hypertension and its related complications. 7. Environmental Sustainability Swapping to a plant-based diet offers a plethora of benefits, not only for personal health but also for the environment. These plant-based diet benefits extend to environmental sustainability as well. By reducing or eliminating animal-based products from your diet, you can significantly lower your carbon footprint. Here are some key aspects of how plant-based diets contribute to a more sustainable planet: - Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Plant-based diets generally produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to diets heavy in meat and dairy products, helping combat climate change. - Preservation of Land and Water: Plant-based agriculture typically requires fewer land and water resources, making efficient use of valuable natural resources. 8. Clearer Skin When you choose a plant-based lifestyle, it helps get rid of inflammatory and processed foods that can trigger skin issues. Rather, you load up on nutrient-dense fruits, vegetables, and whole grains abundant in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that support skin health. These natural powerhouses work together to nourish your skin from within, promoting a glowing appearance while fighting off blemishes. What is more, plant-based foods contain essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6, which boost skin elasticity and hydration, preventing dryness and premature aging. In addition, their high water content keeps your skin hydrated and supple, reducing the chances of developing fine lines and wrinkles. 9. Increased Mental Clarity Now, you may be thinking, how can what I eat affect my brain? But trust me, the benefits are aplenty. First and foremost, the abundance of antioxidants found in plants helps to protect brain cells from damage caused by free radicals. This means less brain fog and improved cognitive function. Nutrients like vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acids, and iron, all found in plant-based foods, are essential for brain health and can enhance concentration and memory. Furthermore, the high fiber content in plant-based diets aids in stabilizing blood sugar levels and regulating energy levels. Lastly, numerous studies have shown that individuals who maintain a plant-based diet tend to have a longer lifespan compared to those who consume more animal products. The combination of a lower risk of chronic diseases, improved heart health, and overall better nutrition can contribute to a healthier and longer life. The benefits of adopting a plant-based diet extend far beyond personal health. From enhancing nutrition and improving digestion to supporting environmental sustainability, the advantages are undeniable. With the above plant-based diet benefits listed here, you can lower your intake of saturated fats that will help you have a stronger immune system.

https://berrytips.org/10-benefits-of-a-plant-based-diet/

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Today in this article of 28 free worksheets for Kindergarten, we will take you on an all you need to know about Kindergarten’ Worksheets, and list down all necessary free worksheets for kindergarten. Kindergarten worksheets are an excellent learning tool for both teachers and children. There are worksheets for teaching letters, numbers, shapes, counting, phonics, sight words, as well as puzzles, fine motor activities, and much more! What is Kindergarten? Kindergarten is a type of preschool education that emphasises play, singing, practical skills like sketching, and social interaction as a means of easing the transition from home to school. In the late 18th century, such institutions were established in Bavaria and Alsace to serve children whose parents both worked outside the home. Friedrich Fröbel, a German educator who had a global impact on early childhood education, invented the word. Today, the word is used in many countries to denote a wide range of educational institutions and learning spaces for children aged 2 to 6, based on a wide range of teaching approaches. What is Worksheet? In its basic sense, a worksheet is a piece of paper on which one performs work. They exist in a variety of shapes and sizes, and are most usually connected with schoolwork projects, tax forms, and accounting or other business contexts for youngsters. The paper-based worksheet is progressively being replaced by software. It could be a blank sheet of paper that a child fills in with a writing instrument. There are no additional items required. It is “Work schedules, working time, specific directions, and other information are recorded on this sheet of paper. A scrap of paper or a piece of paper on which issues, thoughts, or the like are scribbled down in rough form.” A worksheet in education may include questions for pupils as well as spaces for them to record their answers. 28 Free worksheets for kindergarten 1. Kindergarten Making 10 Worksheets With this free Kindergarten worksheets made up of Fun Printable Activities, You Can Learn How To Add Up To 10. This set of free kindergarten worksheets for math, teaches kids how to construct ten in a variety of methods. These downloadable exercises should assist students in developing the mental math skills required to answer math problems. It will also help them develop their addition and subtraction skills up to ten. When a child learns how to form ten, he or she will be well-prepared to add and subtract greater numbers. 2. Kindergarten Sight Words Worksheets Second in our list of top free worksheets for kindergarten is here, with this pattern of free Kindergarten worksheets, Words are best learned visually. Kindergarten kids can use our sight words worksheets to learn the basic terms that are frequently used in the English language. Students will be able to improve their reading skills by memorising these terms. 3. Kindergarten Zoo Worksheets This set of free worksheets for kindergarten might help your pupils get enthusiastic about a field trip to the local zoo. On a worksheet, children can draw their favourite zoo animal and then write about why it is so important to them. Another printable free Kindergarten worksheets includes a cut-and-paste activity in which kids can practice categorization by sorting zoo animals from farm animals. Finally, there’s a fun color-by-number worksheet in which kids may practice number knowledge by coloring zoo animals. 4. Kindergarten Fall Worksheets Fall is a beautiful season to learn about. With this set of free Kindergarten worksheets, kids can learn about fall while honing their math, English, and fine motor skills. Children may count charming animals, write fall-related words, read about leaves changing colours, solve puzzles, colour by number beautiful autumn scenery, complete autumn-themed cut-and-paste activities, and add and subtract foliage, pumpkins, and acorns. 5. Kindergarten Reading Worksheets This is the top fifth we have to discuss about here in our list of free Kindergarten worksheets, Preschool and kindergarten reading comprehension worksheets. Simple stories are followed by questions on the worksheets, as well as reading tasks. 6. Kindergarten Science Worksheets This type of free Kindergarten worksheets introduces topics from the life sciences (plants, animals, and our bodies), earth sciences (weather and the environment), and physical sciences (physics and chemistry) (forces, energy). Students with low reading skills can still explore concepts thanks to the heavy use of images in the exercises. There are colorful charts, interesting games, revision exercises, and a lot of them to learn about healthy and unhealthy meals, so kids may start learning about the world around them. 7. Kindergarten Easter Worksheets Over 70 pages of fun and learning are included in these Easter Kindergarten worksheets, pre-k, kindergarten, and first grade kids. During the Easter season, there are a variety of educational programmes to participate in. Phonics, writing, reading, arithmetic, subtraction, and other skills can all be practiced by children. In this printable math activity, kids may count, add, and graph Easter eggs. They can also find and co lour eggs in an Easter egg with a cute picture of a bunny on it. These thrilling and free Easter Kindergarten worksheets are both fun and informative, just like Easter chocolates and egg hunts. 8. Kindergarten Subtraction Worksheets This type of Kindergarten worksheets is all necessary/extra work for children who are learning subtraction and need illustrations or items to assist them understand the math concepts of subtraction. 9. Kindergarten Alphabet Worksheets Here we have the top Ninth in our list of free worksheets for kindergarten. For preschool and kindergarten, the best letters and alphabet worksheets are available. Letters are traced and printed, and uppercase and lowercase letters are matched. a colouring book Letters – Mazes – Alphabet Chart – Before and After. 10. Kindergarten Spanish Worksheets Spanish kindergarten worksheets provide your child with easy-to-follow exercises and activities to help them learn the language. Numbers, colours, animals, and seasons are all taught in Spanish in our kindergarten Spanish worksheets. These are introductory worksheets. 11. Kindergarten Christmas Worksheets In this set of free Christmas worksheets for kindergarten, kids can learn all about Christmas while engaging in enjoyable educational activities. They are available for download, printing, or use online. With cute elves, presents, cookies, stockings, wreaths, candy canes, bells, reindeer, Christmas trees, and Santa Claus, we have Christmas-themed math and English exercises. Mazes, connect the dots, word searches, and coloring kindergarten worksheets can all assist a youngster enhance their fine motor abilities. 12. Kindergarten Math Worksheets Kindergarten worksheets for math equip pupils with a solid mathematical foundation while also making learning interesting and pleasurable. 13. Kindergarten English Worksheets A collection of English ESL worksheets to teach about kindergarten, kindergarten for home study, internet practise, distance learning, and English classes. 14. Learning About Our World With this type of kindergarten worksheets learners will be able to see more of the actual world with content that includes astonishing photography, insightful stories and readings, immersive video, and spectacular National Geographic Explorers. Learn more about the globe by engaging in cross-curricular activities that will challenge students and expand their knowledge of the world in English. Collaborative projects, significant critical thinking and visual literacy training, and activities that stimulate meaningful thinking and sharing can all help students achieve more. 15. Kindergarten Holiday Worksheets Holidays are frequently a source of great excitement for children. As a result, giving kindergartners some Christmas worksheets will allow them to learn while while enjoying the holiday atmosphere. 16. Kindergarten Addition Worksheets Kindergarten worksheets for additions are available for free. Students learn how to make a ten, horizontal and vertical equations, counting objects, missing addends, five and ten frames, word problems, drawing to solve, and much more! 17. Kindergarten Counting Worksheets Kids can count the number of presents Santa has in each bag and draw a line to the answer. In this free Christmas-themed worksheet, they can also trace numbers. We aim to make it as simple as possible for instructors and parents to get their hands on our workbooks. This is why all of our free worksheets for kindergarten are accessible in three formats. The kindergarten worksheet can be downloaded as a PDF file, printed directly from your browser, or used online. 18. Kindergarten Writing Worksheets Both cursive and print letters are included in our kindergarten worksheets for writing. It takes certain motor abilities to write the letters. Kindergarten pupils should develop this skill as soon as possible so that they can master writing the alphabet. 19. Kindergarten Social Studies Worksheets In this set of free kindergarten social studies worksheets, kids may learn about themselves and others. Community helpers, transportation, American symbols, goods and services, needs and wants, sorts of businesses, and vocations are all covered in the worksheets. There includes a section on change and continuity, with worksheets covering the days of the week, months of the year, and long ago and today. Important life skills such as following directions, spatial ideas, and the distinction between good and poor choices are also covered in this course. Because school is such an important aspect of any child’s life, this set of free kindergarten worksheets focuses on it as well. Kids can learn about what they’ll discover in a classroom, the school supplies that most students keep in their backpacks, and what’s inside a pencil case. 20. St. Patrick’s Day Worksheets In this set of free kindergarten worksheets, kids may learn addition, counting, and sight words by using St. Patrick’s Day symbols. A fun leprechaun maze is also available to assist kids improve their problem-solving and fine motor abilities. Four-leaf clovers, leprechauns, horseshoes, pots of gold, rainbows, and the colour green are all included in these worksheets. They can assist educators in instilling a holiday mood in their kids prior to St. Patrick’s Day, which is always celebrated on March 17th. 21. Kindergarten Shapes Worksheets These kindergarten geometry worksheets are intended to assist students in comprehending the differences between various shapes. They mostly concentrate on two-dimensional shapes like circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles. Each worksheet highlights the distinguishing qualities of these shapes to aid with their identification. Basic geometric shapes can also be traced, identified, and counted by children. There’s also a shape recognition worksheet that uses visuals to teach kids the distinction between two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes. 22. Kindergarten Phonics Worksheets This kindergarten worksheets creates link between spoken and written language. Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing skills. Many children have difficulty connecting spoken words to written letters. Our phonics worksheets start the process of connecting the dots by recognizing the first letter of each object’s name. 23. Kindergarten Dinosaur Worksheets A child’s fascination with dinosaurs can be harnessed to help them improve their numeracy, literacy, and motor skills. This set of free kindergarten worksheets is a fantastic way to get your kids interested in dinosaurs. In a fun cut and paste animal categorization game, kids may color a lovely dinosaur scene, join the dots to reveal dinosaurs, draw the other half of a triceratops, subtract photos of dinosaurs, and classify meat-eating dinosaurs from plant-eating dinosaurs. 24. Kindergarten Winter Worksheets Understanding the Year’s Coldest Season With this set of free printable worksheets, kids can learn about winter while honing their English, math, and fine motor skills. Children may count many sorts of winter headgear, write winter-related words, read about constructing a snowman, color by number a charming winter scene, do winter-themed cut and paste activities, and add and subtract snowflakes, scarves, pine trees, ice skates, and sleds. Printable kindergarten worksheets are a great way to pass the time on a dreary, rainy day. These free activities might be a fun and educational way for kids to spend a cold winter day instead of playing computer games or watching television. 25. Kindergarten More or Less Worksheets Practice comparing and contrasting numbers and pictures. Children can practice the concept of more or less with these printable activities. The free worksheets worksheets for kindergarten can assist children in better understanding the link between numbers and quantities as well as boosting their counting abilities. Some children may struggle to grasp the more or less notion just through the use of numbers. This is why we have a number of kindergarten worksheets with cute graphics that can be numbered to assist kids in developing their numeracy skills. They can go on to our free comparing numbers worksheets once they’ve completed the worksheets with illustrations. 26. Kindergarten Vocabulary Worksheets With the help of adorable graphics, you may learn vocabulary. With this set of free kindergarten worksheets for vocabulary building, kids can improve their English language skills by learning new words. In this engaging vocabulary activity, kids may match attractive pictures with words, trace words, and improve their fine motor skills by cutting out cute images. 27. Kindergarten Health Worksheets Learning the most important abilities. This set of kindergarten worksheets for health includes information on how to avoid being sick, how to stop germs from spreading, how to wash your hands properly, and what behaviours are beneficial to your overall health. A dental awareness worksheet is also included, where students may learn how to keep their teeth clean. 28. Kindergarten Spring Worksheets With our spring-themed printable, learning is a blast. In this set of free kindergarten spring worksheets, kids can practice reading, counting, letter tracing, phonics, spelling, more or less, spatial concepts, addition, subtraction, and patterns. You can also find cute spring-themed English and math activity printable to print or use online. Spring is a great season when the world around you begins to warm up. Flowers start to bloom, and animals start to reappearance. Outside, the lovely sound of youngsters playing begins! Our free printable kindergarten worksheets are a great way for youngsters to spend an afternoon while learning something new. Trust you found our article on free worksheets for kindergarten helpful. Follow our website for more interesting articles.

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The American Psychological Association (APA) defines anxiety as “an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes like increased blood pressure.” It is important to understand the difference between normally occurring anxiety and a diagnosable anxiety disorder that is disruptive to daily life and requires professional intervention. Everyone experiences anxiety at times throughout their life. To be clear, some anxiety is a normal and biologically helpful response to certain types of stress. Anxiety is not always a bad thing; besides providing what can sometimes be a constructive motivating force (for example, worry about providing for a family motivates a head of household to work hard and get a promotion), it can also keep us and our loved ones safe from danger. So-called “anxiety distress,” or uneasiness of mind caused by fear of danger or misfortune, is also a natural response to many of life’s events. Healthy anxiety distress is related to a specific situation. For example, while awaiting the results of a serious medical test it is common to feel some anxiety, because the results could indicate a life-threatening condition. During this time, common signs of anxiety like trouble sleeping or concentrating on work would be a completely expected response. Because it is tied to specific situations, normal anxiety distress will also dissipate when the causative crisis has resolved itself. This means that if the medical test came back fine, a healthy person would quickly return to their baseline level of functionality. Whenever we are startled or frightened, our brains also respond with anxiety and physiological changes that make us prepared to start a “fight or flight” response. When we are frightened, our bodies release excess cortisol and other hormones into our bloodstream. This process increases heart rate and respiration, increases blood glucose levels, and sharpens sensory perception. This ancient pathway in our bodies once protected our ancestors from existential dangers like predators. Although most modern humans do not have to worry about bears on a daily basis, the powerful “fight or flight” system built into each of us remains virtually unchanged from our time living in the forest. Unfortunately, what was once a very necessary and useful response to danger can pose some serious problems if it gets triggered too often by non-life threatening events. There is increasing evidence that chronic stimulation of our “fight or flight” system leads to a litany of health conditions including insulin resistance, susceptibility to infections and cancer, depression, and an increased risk of stroke. Essentially, one of the biggest problems with anxiety is that we are naturally wired to respond strongly to stimuli; it’s literally in our DNA. We also know that while passing anxieties are entirely normal, too much anxiety can have serious physical and psychological effects. So when, exactly, does someone’s level of anxiety start to be a problem? To begin with, “normal” anxiety is transitory, generally in response to a specific situation, and goes away quickly. The APA describes a patient as having an anxiety disorder when they are “having recurring intrusive thoughts or concerns” and the level of anxiety they are experiencing is out of proportion with the reality of their surroundings. For example, if someone almost gets into a car wreck on the way to work, it would be entirely normal for them to experience a moment of fear and anxiety, including physical symptoms such as nausea, increased heart rate, or excessive sweating. What is abnormal, however, would be continuing to fixate on the possibility of a car accident for the rest of the day or even lose sleep over it that night. Persons with an anxiety disorder are constantly in fear, to the point where daily life is being disrupted by physical and emotional symptoms. These symptoms can cause people to miss work or school, have trouble sleeping, and even ruin relationships, all without a clearly definable stressor of a magnitude equal to their response. What we now refer to as anxiety disorders (panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, etc.) have probably always been part of the human experience. In earlier periods of medical history, people experiencing the more severe end of the anxiety spectrum were frequently blamed for their own condition, abandoned to asylums, or were attempted to be cured with quack remedies. These “therapies” included religious rituals, hydropathy, harmful herbal preparations or addictive substances like the opium given to soldiers returning from war, and even ECT (electroshock) therapy. Women in particular suffered being labeled as “hysterical” as far back as ancient Greece, where the term was coined by physicians who blamed their female anatomy for psychiatric or behavioral problems. Indeed, anxiety disorders were only officially recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980. Prior to that, there was little formal discussion or training for medical and psychiatric professionals regarding effective treatments for anxiety. One of the first official anxiety-related clinical conversations revolved around what we now know as PTSD but which used to be called “shellshock” during WW I and II or “soldier’s heart” after the Civil war. It was first called “soldier’s heart” because cardiologists noted that soldiers were returning from combat in the 1860s conflict with elevated heart rates along with altered consciousness, flashbacks, and trouble sleeping. “Shellshock” was a later theory that the physical impact of shells and other projectiles was somehow having a physical effect on the brain that resulted in what we now know to be classic PTSD symptoms. While there was acknowledgement that these conditions were affecting soldiers, it took decades longer (and the Vietnam war) for psychologists and psychiatrists to start seriously studying PTSD and pioneering treatments for what can be a difficult and complex syndrome to diagnose and treat. With the rise of Freudian psychoanalysis during the early part of the 20th century, there was finally some clinical training for providers to help patients suffering from other types of anxieties, particularly excessive fixations and phobias–but most of the early psychoanalysts were working from theoretical frameworks that weren’t necessarily evidence-based, leading to limited benefit for patients. One of the first truly effective treatments for phobias or specific fears was exposure therapy, which was first developed in the 1950s. During this type of exposure therapy, the patient is systematically exposed to the trigger of their fear with the goal of desensitizing them and lessening their anxiety or phobia. This method is still in use today to treat some types of phobias. Also during the 1950s, psychotropic prescription medication began to gain popularity as a way to treat anxiety and sleeplessness. Early medications like barbiturates were very effective at treating the short-term symptoms of anxiety, but ultimately also proved themselves to be addictive. Also popular is a dangerous group of medications called benzodiazepines. Although these medications are generally considered safer, they can still be habit-forming and risky, especially if mixed with alcohol. In the 1990’s, newer types of antidepressant medication called SSRIs and SNRIs were developed that were more useful than earlier generations of drugs with less severe side effects. Researchers discovered areas of overlap in the brain between the chemical processes that govern symptoms of anxiety and depression. Soon, psychiatrists found success treating some anxiety disorders with these medications, which are much safer for long-term use than benzodiazepines. Today, anxiety has been fairly well-studied and accepted as a legitimate diagnosis by most of the world’s mental health practitioners. Therapy is the preferred “first line” treatment, and sometimes medication is also prescribed if symptoms are severe enough. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 40 million Americans over the age of 18 suffer from some form of an anxiety disorder. Of those, 7 million suffer from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and 15 million suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 7.7 million Americans. Altogether, the number of people who meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder make up almost 20% of the adult population. The problem is not just confined to America, either: globally, it is estimated that some 1 in 13 adults suffer from some form of anxiety, making it one of the most common diagnosable disorders on the planet. A great many children and adolescents also suffer from various forms of anxiety disorders. Currently, it is estimated that one in eight children in the United States suffer from an anxiety disorder or PTSD. When it comes to brain development, scientists are just beginning to understand how disruptive chronic exposure to cortisol and adrenaline (the “anxiety hormones”) are; for children that experience trauma or otherwise have a heightened anxiety response, there can be permanent changes to the frontal cortex and areas that control emotional regulation and access to memory. This makes it especially important that treatment be made available to children and adolescents who are struggling with PTSD, social anxiety, or GAD. Proven therapies like the cognitive-behavioral model can help children of every age learn to manage and lessen symptoms, which will in turn provide some protection against the extremely damaging neuropsychiatric effects of high amounts of stress hormones on the developing brain. Because they are so common, the burden of anxiety disorders is also massive. Besides sizable economic and productivity impacts, the sheer number of cases means that statistically speaking, most Americans are close with someone who struggles with untreated anxiety. Associated behaviors can be disruptive to families and communities in the form of addiction, unhealthy relationships, poor work ethic, and other maladaptive coping skills. Life is stressful, and when that stress is prolonged it can take a toll on productivity, relationships, and even physical health. While none of us can expect to go through life without some worry, anxiety essentially becomes a diagnosable condition when it starts to create a pattern of interference in regards to normal life activities like self-care, relationships, and work or study. This interference can come directly from physical symptoms of anxiety, or indirectly through the secondary effects of not being able to sleep or concentrate. Without a doubt, severe anxiety can cause serious and measurable physical symptoms. We have all heard the warnings about chest pains and shortness of breath–these are some of the common first signs of a heart attack, after all. Every single day, people with untreated severe anxiety show up in emergency rooms with frightening symptoms that nonetheless test negative for a heart attack. Frustrated patients may not feel staff are taking them seriously enough, while emergency room doctors may find themselves at a loss to explain serious chest pain when the EKG comes back fine. Needless to say, if you find yourself incapacitated to the point where you have to get checked out by a medical professional, it may be time to consider seeking the treatment of a professional for anxiety. Although in the short term, a panic attack is certainly less deadly than a heart attack, the long-term consequences of our “fight or flight” hormones coursing through the body can be profoundly damaging. At the same time, trying to live with such intrusive symptoms is so time- and energy-intensive that it can result in significant problems with our overall ability to function in normal life. Although one may suspect an anxiety disorder, the only way to know for sure is to be evaluated by a licensed provider of mental health services.They can also help distinguish between anxiety attacks and panic attacks. Besides leading to severe physical symptoms, anxiety can sneak up on even the most stalwart individual because our “fight or flight” response evolved by nature to be triggered very easily. Modern-day stimuli like email or text messaging notifications can signal the same portion of the cerebral cortex that originally dealt with reacting to rattlesnakes, except instead of being occasional (in the case of our ancestors), it’s constant (in the case of our workday). This is part of what accounts for the outsize response that modern life can have on our anxieties. The problem is that our bodies don’t know the difference, and we end up suffering from the toxic effects of too much cortisol, adrenaline, and norepinephrine, leading to symptoms that can be more subtle than a full-blown panic attack while still being quite bad for us both physically and psychologically. Anxiety also often impacts women and men differently. Essentially, this means that anxiety disorders can be incredibly easy to develop, which probably accounts for why they are so common. The key in understanding the problem is whether or not either the symptoms or secondary problems related to the symptoms are having a noticeable impact on quality of life. Take a fear of driving, for example. It’s not totally unjustified–driving certainly can be dangerous. Although deaths are fairly rare, most of us hear of fatal car accidents on the news, and see these images frequently. A normal response to this fear is to take certain precautions, like wearing seat belts, making sure children are in appropriate car seats, obeying traffic laws, etc. With an understanding of the risk, and having taken precautions, most people still feel OK using a vehicle to get where they need to go. For someone with a fear of driving that could meet the diagnostic criteria of an anxiety disorder, however, things are not so simple. This individual may be so focused on all the potential danger involved in getting behind the wheel that it takes tremendous mental and emotional struggle just to sit down behind the wheel. Intrusive thoughts about how likely an accident is can even make anxious people change their habits, such as avoiding highways or driving at night. In extreme instances, someone with severe untreated anxiety may become so fearful that they stop driving altogether and even refuse to ride as a passenger. This level of fear can lead to problems getting or staying employed, keeping relationships intact, and even providing for basic needs. Excessive worry and fixation around social situations are also common symptoms of an anxiety disorder. These symptoms happen when the mind will not shut off after an appropriate amount of time trying to work out a problem, conversation, or other interaction. Instead of getting resolved, the scenario gets stuck in a loop that continues to repeat with the same high level of emotional intensity. Again, this crosses into the level of something that needs treatment if the second-guessing is becoming intrusive, leading to loss of sleep, preventing decision-making, or interfering with your ability to have normal social interaction. Fortunately, because anxiety has become a more high-visibility condition, there is now plenty of help available. There are several evidence-based techniques, like cognitive-behavioral therapy, that have been proven in multiple studies to have a positive impact on many mental health diagnoses, including anxiety. If you’re genuinely struggling with anxiety and think it may be time for outside help, simply checking in with a therapist is a great place to start because it can provide perspective about whether or not further treatment may be useful. For both your own protection and to increase the chances that your insurance will cover the treatment, always look for a licensed therapist with a reputable practice. Going in to seek evaluation for anxiety is straightforward and no need for further worry! Typically, providers will start an introductory session by taking a brief life history including any relevant medications or past treatment, and will then discuss any goals you have (for instance, being able to drive on the highway or give a presentation for work) along with types of therapy that may be appropriate and time lines for treatment. Although anxiety may manifest differently depending on the personality type, cultural background, age, and gender of the client, anxiety disorders do fall into several distinct categories. Some of the most common are Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Panic Disorder, phobias, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). While self-diagnosis may be tempting, it is better for anyone curious about whether they suffer from an anxiety disorder to seek out the opinion of a professional. The severity of life impairment suffered by some people with these diagnosis is a great reminder that these are real, diagnosable conditions and joking that someone is “OCD” or making other off-handed comments about disorders that most people have heard of is unhelpful and furthers harmful stigmas that may actually be preventing people from seeking help. While the general public may refer to various different types of anxiety, a mental health professional will use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM V) to determine if an individual meets the clinical diagnostic criteria for a disorder. Below are details about some of the more commonly diagnosed anxiety and panic disorders. General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), is the diagnosis given when someone presents with signs and symptoms of an anxiety disorder, but it does not clearly fall into one of the more specific categories named above. For example, an individual suffering from GAD may experience a mixture of symptoms from both Social Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The primary underlying commonality is that anxiety is present in some form and it is disruptive enough to be interfering with the client’s life in an important area like work, life, or relationships. Many people who suffer from GAD have found relief through cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT. This type of therapy focuses on identifying the negative thoughts that lead to anxiety and learning new positive ways to direct those thoughts. It focuses on changing thoughts and behaviors to help the individual experience less anxiety and more contentment in their daily life. Because CBT can be used to both prevent thought processes that worsen anxiety and alleviate the anxiety when it does appear, it’s a tremendously useful tool for anyone with GAD who is trying to improve their quality of life. Social anxiety is somewhat misunderstood in popular culture– it’s much more than just shyness. While most people fall somewhere along the category of “extrovert” or “introvert”, social anxiety by definition falls outside of the spectrum of a normal introvert or “shy” person. Instead, social anxiety is one of several anxiety disorders that is characterized by an intense fear of social interactions, often including intrusive thoughts about being judged or watched. Social anxiety causes the sufferer to fear social settings, public spaces, and meeting new people. Some people with severe social anxiety may feel quite uncomfortable even around people already known to them. True social anxiety can interfere significantly with daily life, often making work, school, and family relationships, friendships, and romantic relationships very difficult. There are multiple theories about what causes social anxiety, but it probably is a combination of genetics (nature) and upbringing (nurture), and it exists on a spectrum. Again, although many people may be afraid of public speaking at work, a diagnosis of social anxiety may be merited if the symptoms are causing significant impairment– for example, someone can’t even speak up to the small team they’ve been collaborating on a project with for a year. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be one of the most well-known of all the anxiety disorders, although it is not the most commonly-occurring. It is most commonly associated with military combat veterans. While this portion of our society is at a high risk for developing PTSD, they are certainly not alone. In fact, anyone that endures a traumatic event can develop this disorder. People who have experienced natural disasters, epidemics, or terrorist attacks are all at risk for this disorder. Some other common events that can lead to PTSD are being a victim of a serious crime such as rape, assault, car accident, or stalking. For some people, even witnessing a violent crime or accident can trigger PTSD symptoms. When exposed to a significant trauma, our brains are kicked into an automatic response for dealing with the situation – fight, flight or freeze – and the situation leaves a powerful imprint on the memory. In the past, this may have helped our ancestors learn to avoid danger, but the strong imprint of the memory can lead to a litany of negative side effects ranging from flashbacks, changes in habits, hypervigilance, and nightmares or insomnia. Essentially, someone suffering from PTSD is often mentally living as if that tragic event is still happening. The sheer power of our body’s “fight or flight” response can short-circuit normal coping skills, including using higher brain functions like logic to remind the sufferer that they are actually out of danger. For this reason, PTSD is associated with a higher likelihood of negative impact to quality of life. For example, people with PTSD have a high likelihood of suffering from co-morbid disorders like substance abuse or depression, and should be treated by a professional as soon as possible. Panic disorder causes persons suffering from it to experience severe panic or anxiety attacks when faced with certain common triggers. These triggers can be anything that cause a feeling of fear in the individual; the difference is just that the response is outsized compared to a “normal” person. In people suffering from panic disorder, the body’s fight or flight instinct is more easily triggered, leading to a powerful response in normal or inappropriate situations. For example, people with panic disorder may have serious trouble with flying, crowds, driving, elevators, and other every-day situations. An anxiety attack, or panic attack, is an intense physical sensation that becomes a problem once it begins to severely limit a person from continuing with the immediate task at hand. This feeling can include a racing heart rate, sweating, shaking, trembling, nausea and vomiting, difficulty breathing, and lightheadedness. These feelings, while intense, usually dissipate fairly quickly. A pattern of panic attacks is a key part of panic disorder, and it is this pattern that leads to the diagnosis; again, it becomes a problem once quality of life starts being affected. For people with panic disorder, the worry of experiencing a debilitating attack may lead him or her to avoid settings where they are likely to occur, thus further limiting their ability to function in normal daily life. Phobias are visceral, specific fears that can sometimes become disruptive or debilitating. Phobias can range from a mild aversion to extreme, debilitating fear. Phobias are often rooted in a negative experience that happened at a formative time in their brain’s development. Regular fear becomes a phobia when the response elicited by the subject grows out of proportion to the perceived threat. Interestingly, there is some scientific evidence that certain phobias may be “hard-wired” into our brains, often in the form of avoidance to certain dangers that may have helped our ancestors survive. While a fear of heights is fairly self-explanatory, other hard-wired or inherited phobias with less clear origins also exist. An example of this is Trypophobia, or a strong aversion to clusters of holes like those found in a lotus seed pod. One study found that almost 20% of participants shared an intense, visceral reaction when shown images of clusters of holes. Scientists posit that this particular phobia may have been “wired” as an aversion to a visual stimuli that may indicate decay or disease, something that could have helped our ancestors stay safe. Regardless of where the phobia comes from, experiencing strong fear of potentially dangerous things like spiders and snakes is incredibly common; even Trypophobia affects nearly 1 in 5 people. As with the other anxiety disorders, someone may be a candidate for diagnosis and treatment only if the phobia(s) are causing significant interference with daily activities. Like other anxiety disorders, phobias can be treated effectively by mental health care professionals. In fact, someone trying to overcome a phobia can seek treatment from someone with a specialization in the field, something that may be easier to do for those open to e-therapy/telemedicine. Phobias can be addressed with CBT or other traditional forms of therapy; specialists in the field sometimes use exposure therapy. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is another very serious clinical diagnosis that often gets misconstrued by popular media. OCD is characterized by intense, intrusive patterns of fearful thought that causes an urge to behave in a certain way, often in the form of “ritual”-like repetitions like tapping, arranging objects, or washing hands and/or surfaces. The fears driving these obsessions stem often from an incorrect belief that repeating this behavior will protect the individual and/or their loved ones from bad luck or danger. While everyone may have occasional bouts of needing things to be arranged a certain way, or being worried about germs, genuine OCD is different. Sufferers who meet the diagnostic criteria for OCD may find themselves so overwhelmed by the urge to repeat their particular compulsive behavior that regular life can become impossible to continue–this is the point when a diagnosis is usually made. Interestingly, unlike many other anxiety disorders, OCD often first appears in childhood. If recognized and treated quickly, it can sometimes resolve itself by adulthood. There are several subsets of OCD that have also received gratuitous attention in the media recently, such as hoarding. Someone who is hoarding objects or animals in their house to the point where physical health and safety are at risk is better understood as a person who needs help, rather than an interesting subject for a reality TV show. This unfortunate spotlight has done nothing to help the shame and stigma that many hoarders are already suffering from. For most people engaging in this type of behavior, their attachment to objects is a form of compulsion that is often the result of trauma or another co-occurring psychiatric disorder. For these individuals, simply cleaning out the house will not address the root of the problem, and their behavior will not change without help from an experienced mental health professional. Fortunately, like the other anxiety disorders, the symptoms of OCD (including hoarding) can be managed. There are several kinds of therapy that can be helpful, such as CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) or sometimes DBT (dialectical behavioral therapy). Both of these therapeutic models help people learn to reframe perceptions, manage emotions, learn how to tolerate distress, and cope with the intrusive thoughts in a more constructive manner. Along with therapy, some people with OCD may also be good candidates for medication. Lesser known types of anxiety which are referenced in the DSM-V include: acute stress disorder; adjustment disorder with anxious features; and substance induced anxiety disorder. Political anxiety is often mentioned in the media and sometimes referred to as post-election stress disorder. Although it is not included in the DSM-V as an official anxiety diagnosis it an issue for man people. The American Psychological Association has reported that nearly two-thirds of people are stressed out about the future of their country. When people feel uncertainty surrounding the political environment it is not uncommon for them to experience anxiety, depression, and sadness. Like all psychiatric disorders, the causes and diagnosis of anxiety disorders are extremely complex, and anxiety in particular presents unique challenges. To begin with, anxiety disorders exist alongside a powerful, ancient, and very real physiological connection known as the “fight or flight” response that involves a measurable cascade of hormones that can cause serious physical problems with chronic exposure in high amounts. Like other disorders, anxiety is understood to exist on a spectrum. Unlike other common psychiatric diagnoses, however, anxiety can manifest itself in a comparatively large variety of ways, from compulsive behavior, to “freezing”, to panic attacks that can be serious enough to lead to hospitalizations. Because of its connection to biologically important fear and danger-avoidance systems in our brains, everyone is likely to experience some measure of anxiety on a regular basis; the problem starts when anxiety begins to interfere with normal parts of life like work, self-care, school, or relationships. Fortunately, our scientific understanding of anxiety has increased markedly in the last 20 years, alongside an increase in the quality of brain imaging tools available and the flourishing number of studies that have been published. Currently, anxiety disorders are generally understood to be caused by a complex set of individual circumstances that include both genetic and environmental factors. Unlike other psychiatric disorders like depression, anxiety disorders are also understood to exist in the context of some very ancient parts of our brain. While this means that everyone will experience some anxiety on occasion, why do some people have full-blown panic attacks? Research indicates that there is a strong genetic component that may contribute to anxiety disorders. While scientists have not isolated a specific gene that makes a person predisposed to an anxiety disorder, a larger cascade of genetic information almost certainly plays a role, as there are measurable neurological differences in people with high levels of anxiety. This means that a risk for higher anxiety is likely a heritable condition. Multi-generational studies including with twins and adopted children have also found that those with a family member who has an anxiety disorder are more likely to also be at risk of developing one, purely from a biological point of view. Of course, the cause of anxiety isn’t as cut-and-dry as simply being a matter of biology. As we grow and our brains develop, there is a complex interplay between “nature” (our inherited genes) and “nurture” (our lived experiences). To further complicate things, we now know that certain experiences can actually trigger genetic changes that lead to structural differences in the brain. For example, children who experience chronic high levels of cortisol (part of the “fight or flight” response) can actually be at risk of developmental changes in how the frontal cortex processes information, which can affect everything from behavior to normal emotional development. This means that children who grow up experiencing or witnessing abuse, neglect, or other traumatic events are much more likely to experience anxiety (and other disorders) themselves. There is also a “learned” component to anxiety, where children normalize behavior that can be pathological–such as thinking that the obsessive worrying and panic attacks frequently experienced by a parent are normal. Just like with abuse or neglect themselves, if a child who witnessed a parent with debilitating anxiety replicates this behavior in adulthood with their own children, a generational pattern is created that can be very difficult to disrupt. The other important element of “learned” anxiety is related to a specific event and often comes in the form of PTSD–something that can happen at any age, even to a fully-developed brain. Interestingly, while having a difficult childhood or experiencing severe trauma may place a person at risk for developing one or more anxiety disorders, it does not guarantee that they will. Besides possibly lacking certain genes that make anxiety more likely, some individuals are simply able to process negative events while maintaining a positive outlook on life. Besides possible cultural and behavioral differences that can have a protective effect on the likelihood of developing severe anxiety, early intervention is also tremendously useful. Essentially, receiving appropriate counseling as soon as possible after negative experiences can help prevent a severe disorder from developing. While anxiety disorders seem to be fairly common in the human brain, the good news is that we have also developed numerous ways to manage the condition. While anxiety or other psychiatric disorders may never be fully “cured”, it is certainly possible to lessen the symptoms to a point where quality of life is no longer being affected. Licensed professionals can employ several methods, like CBT, that have been scientifically proven to improve anxiety scores for people with various diagnoses and backgrounds. While medication is sometimes used in conjunction with treatment, many psychiatrists are moving away from prescribing addictive anti-anxiety medication in favor therapy alone, antidepressants, or other alternatives. For example, there is growing scientific interest in investigating and quantifying the possibly significant beneficial effects of a comparatively simple cure: exercise. If you think you or a loved one is suffering from an anxiety disorder, it is important to seek professional help. There are many options out there, and with a little bit of research you should be able to find the right fit. Often the first step people take on their road to recovering from an anxiety disorder is getting an official diagnosis. Having a diagnosis is helpful because it can lead you to the most effective type of treatment for your particular type of disorder while also helping to clarify specific treatment goals. Having a diagnosis can also be helpful when dealing with insurance, or when seeking institutional support like developing a school IEP (individual education plan) for a child with the disorder. Most licensed professionals will begin the diagnostic process with a short medical and life history, followed by a series of diagnostic questions. Depending on the mental health professional, these questions may be completed in the office or at home in preparation of the appointment. Depending on the situation, your counselor may suggest you see a medical doctor to rule out any additional physical illnesses that could be causing your symptoms. If severe anxiety symptoms are causing someone to become a danger to themselves or others, the situation should be considered a medical emergency. The best place to seek treatment for this level of anxiety is in an hospital emergency room or psychiatric facility that offers emergency intake. There are many professionals that are trained to treat people suffering from anxiety disorders. Some are more specialized than others, and have more specific training for specific subsets of the condition like phobias or OCD. Unfortunately, the quality and quantity of practitioners can also very greatly from one location to another. Scarce treatment options in a local area or very specific needs are both great reasons to consider eTherapy, where you meet with a practitioner via a face-chat application over the internet. The key is to find what works best for you in your unique situation. If researching providers seems overwhelming, a good way to start is with a family doctor or school counselor if the situation involves a child or teenager. Because these individuals are already known, trusted, and familiar with the situation, they may be first to spot red flags or other significant changes. While these providers are trained to recognize the basic symptoms of mental health disorders, their greatest strength is probably evaluating your current state against baseline and referring you to a colleague who can provide more specialized treatment. Furthermore, a family doctor is able to run blood tests, and complete a physical exam to rule out any additional medical conditions (such as a thyroid disorder) that may be contributing to your mental well-being. If it’s time to seek specialized treatment, all potential patients should educate themselves about the types of providers available, as it can get confusing. To begin with, anxiety disorders should ideally be diagnosed and treated by a licensed professional only, not a self-proclaimed healer or religious leader. When researching licensed provider types, these are are the most common: A psychiatrist is medical doctor who is able to prescribe medication and specializes in mental health. They are able to do blood tests and a physical exam and offer treatment as it relates to your mental health. They can be more expensive than other types of mental health professionals and may not offer other forms of treatment that you may wish to try. A physician assistant (PA) is a comparatively newer addition to the types of mental health practitioners available. They are often more affordable and easier to access than a psychiatrist, and can prescribe medication. There are now PA residencies that prepare the practitioner specifically for psychiatric work, meaning that a PA may have received fairly extensive training. Because the field is still evolving, it’s best to check their website or ask the PA’s office what educational background they’ve received. strong>Psychologists have master’s degrees, are board-certified in their state, and may specialize in a particular area like family therapy, PTSD, etc. Psychologists are trained to use a variety of therapeutic techniques, including pioneering practices like EMDR. Psychologists are not medical doctors; they do not prescribe medication but can refer you to someone who does if they judge it to be merited. Compared to other providers (besides psychiatrists), they are more covered by insurance companies. Licensed therapists (LPC) and social workers (LCSW) are also trained mental health professionals, and their level of training can vary from master’s to bachelor’s levels of education. To practice therapy, however, they must also have undergone licensing exams. On the spectrum of diversity and affordability, these clinicians are usually the most affordable and culturally diverse. While they may have less training than other practitioners, the scope of their work often makes them more connected to other community resources. There are a number of effective methods for treating anxiety disorders. Professional counseling, medication, peer support, and other coping skills like exercise can all play an important role in helping people manage their symptoms. Some people may find success utilizing just one method, but most find a combination of techniques work best. The most common form of treating anxiety disorders is with psychological counseling. This may include psychotherapy, CBT or DBT, exposure therapy, or a combination of techniques. This therapy may occur in a group therapy setting or in individual sessions with the client and the counselor. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a popular and effective treatment method for anxiety disorders. This method aims to recognize and then change the thinking patterns associated with the anxiety and associated feelings, decrease the occurrence of negative feedback loops, and change the way individuals react to their individual anxiety triggering events. CBT is used for specific subsets of anxiety, too, including phobia and PTSD. Group therapy and support groups are another form of treatment for anxiety disorders. Meeting with other people who share your challenges can be helpful and supportive. Knowing you are not alone in these situations can provide strength to overcome and endure. These groups are often led by a mental health professional and are made up of others with a similar diagnosis. A group setting helps individuals stay accountable for reaching their goals and offers beneficial social support. Online counseling or online therapy is a new form of therapy that has been gaining in popularity recently. There are several web based companies designed to connect clients with counselors via the internet. The counseling sessions are accomplished through messages, video calls or voice calls between therapist and the client. These services are routinely more affordable than traditional, in-office sessions, and are far more convenient. The flexibility to message your counselor at any time or any place is helpful for those that have a very busy schedule, have transportation difficulties or live in remote areas. It also allows for more frequent interaction between the client and their counselor. They can communicate in the moment when life becomes challenging, rather than waiting for a pre-scheduled appointment. Medications are often also commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. These vary in effectiveness and need to be prescribed by a medical doctor, such as a psychiatrist. Some of these drugs include antidepressants, benzodiazepines, tricyclics, and beta-blockers. Unfortunately, anti-anxiety drugs like benzodiazepines can cause drowsiness and are highly addictive; doctors are moving away from prescribing them to people suffering chronic anxiety issues. All drugs have some side effects which should be considered. Outside of the professional setting, there are other things that individuals can do on their own to help manage anxiety. These techniques are often taught by mental health professionals to their clients to use as a tool throughout their life whenever they experience moments of anxiety. These coping skills may include cognitive therapy techniques like reframing, avoiding black-and-white thinking, or mapping an emotional state. Having these tools readily available can give a person a sense of power over the anxiety disorder and allow them the ability to proceed with the challenges of daily life in spite of their history with an anxiety disorder. Learning different methods to cope with intense emotions where cognitive reasoning may no longer be possible is also helpful in managing anxiety symptoms. These tools include relaxation techniques such as practicing mindfulness, guided imagery and breathing techniques. Learning to slow and control your breathing is an excellent way to shift your focus and initiate relaxation. Guided imagery is a technique that involves using your imagination, or an outside prompt like a recording, to transport your mind to a calm and relaxing environment, allowing your mind to relax and the anxiety to pass. Unlike mindfulness, guided imagery focuses specifically on removing oneself from the situation in a healthy way (as opposed to maladaptive coping skills like alcohol). The increasing popularity of smartphones means that there are now many guided imagery podcasts, apps, and other options available free over the internet. Mindfulness is the practice of living in the present moment, originally drawn from meditation practices in Buddhism. While this may sound very “new age”, researchers have actually been studying the effect of mindfulness on the brain, and there seems to be concrete evidence pointing its role in helping a variety of mental illnesses; one study found that mindfulness reduced physical symptoms of emotional distress like heart rate and blood pressure. Focusing on the present moment can often pull a person who suffers from an anxiety disorder away from the memory, triggering emotion or event, and avoid a panic attack. Consciously choosing to focus on the safety and pleasantness of the present moment can effectively mitigate an anxiety attack. Finally, there is emerging evidence that exercise can have a huge impact on anxiety. Running, in particular, has been associated with notable declines in anxiety scores in multiple studies. Fortunately, non-runners have options too. Simply walking for around half an hour, particularly in green or forested places and alongside mindfulness techniques, has a documented calming effect, as does yoga. Scientists think the positive effect exercise has on anxiety is due to several factors, including feel-good endorphins released by the brain during physical activity, physical movement facilitating a present/mindful mental state, and even the physical release of stress or tension. Living with an untreated anxiety disorder is difficult to say the least. Normal, everyday tasks can become insurmountable. In an attempt to avoid triggers, an individual can become isolated, making employment difficult, and causing relationships to break down. Without treatment, anxiety disorders tend to worsen over time, and as the suffering increases, the ability to manage daily life decreases. To make matters worse, untreated anxiety often invites self-medication in the form of substance abuse or other maladaptive coping behaviors, which ultimately makes the problem much more complicated to treat. If you suspect that you, or a loved one, are suffering from an anxiety disorder, please seek professional help without delay. If it’s a true emergency involving a person being a danger to themselves or others, an emergency room is the best choice. Otherwise, there are many proven successful treatment avenues to explore with a wide variety of mental health professionals available to assist with whichever particular challenges you’re facing. It’s also important for everyone to tackle the stigma around anxiety and mental illness by encouraging open and honest discussion and advocacy, as well as not misusing terms like OCD or PTSD. Anxiety sufferers should also remember that they are not alone; anxiety is the most common mental health diagnosis both in the US and worldwide. Finally, and most importantly, anxiety disorders can become manageable instead of debilitating with professional treatment. With the unprecedented number of practitioners as well as treatment techniques available today, there are options for a huge variety of personal situations, backgrounds, and budgets. The bottom line is that those suffering from anxiety do not need to feel hopeless or helpless. If you’re ready for help, reach out today.

https://etherapypro.com/anxiety/

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What is English listening all about? When it comes to listening, English is the same as your native language. You hear speech, decide whether it’s important, then pay attention if it is. Of course, English has its own grammar and vocabulary to think about, but they also improve with practice. If you get better at paying attention, you improve every skill. So, listening helps you understand speech and get the general meaning even if you don’t know all the words. Regular English listening practice helps you: Get the general meaning of English speech in different situations. Find specific information in lectures, podcasts, videos, presentations, etc. Understand the main points of any speech and explain them in your own words. Comprehend different accents of native and non-native English speakers. English listening reference guide Practice these skills to get better at English listening: Basic knowledge you’ll need to do anything in English. Includes your understanding of sentence structure, recognizing sounds, and so on. Improving your general skills will help all-around learning. Covers your understanding of English word order and sentence structure to help you develop foundations. Covers your knowledge of words and topics to help you understand different situations. Covers your own knowledge of how to pronounce words which translates into your ability to understand others. Covers your ability to independently use English in order to ask questions, learn word definitions, and so on. Covers your ability to focus on the material as well as understanding non-verbal cues. Covers your ability to consider words and ideas in order to better understand and explain them in your own words. Specific listening skills that improve your ability to understand the language. You use these tactics in different situations to become a better listener and find important information. Covers isolating specific sounds and words to build up your comprehension from smaller pieces of information. Covers using your existing knowledge of the situation and context to increase your listening comprehension. Covers your ability to summarize materials and understand main points even without listening to the entire broadcast. Covers your ability to get specific information, such as finding your flight number in an announcement. Covers your ability to note and remember concepts and ideas even after listening for longer periods. Covers adapting to different accents and tactics for isolating key sounds, finding common pronunciations, etc. Your ability to work with different types of English audio and video to understand it. These can be different forms of media in your professional work, things you watch for fun, and so on. Covers traditional news reports, programs, announcements, and other similar things on TV, radio, and the web. Covers extended presentations and courses on various professional and academic subjects. Covers all kinds of online audio and video shows in your area of interest. Covers all movies, TV shows, documentaries, and other longer forms of entertainment. Covers conversations and presentations often specifically made for language learning or similar purposes. Covers different forms of content on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and other social media. Test your English listening skills Put your listening skills to the test. Take 20 minutes to answer multiple-choice questions that test different aspects of your English listening. Get tips on how to improve your skills after completion. Find learning resources and correct your mistakes with Promova. 4 Ways to improve your listening online with Promova English Tutor for Adults Improve your listening skills with a certified tutor who helps adults become fluent. Control your schedule. Learn from podcasts, lectures, videos, and other materials you enjoy. Language Learning App Get English listening exercises in bite-sized lessons. Turn learning English into a daily habit with regular practice. Improve your comprehension with powerful language learning tools. English conversation club Practice active listening by joining our free English conversation club. Choose a topic that interests you and talk about it with fellow learners. Meet new people and improve your skills. English Listening Class Learn English listening in a small group with fellow learners. Work together to improve your comprehension and get guidance from a tutor. Practice and have fun at the same time. Free Listening Resources People often ask How much vocabulary do I need to comprehend English? You need to know around 3,000 words for basic fluency. At that stage, you should understand standard English in familiar situations. It’s a great baseline to start learning independently and increase your level over time. However, remember that comprehension isn’t just about vocabulary. If someone speaks in an unfamiliar accent or at a fast pace, you might need time to get used to it before you can understand them. Even native speakers struggle when they meet unfamiliar speech patterns, so it’s ok not to always get everything perfect. How to improve English listening skills? Practice and exposure to English is always the best way to improve. Here are some simple tips: - Listen to English media. If you’re going to watch a movie or a show, look for an English version. Pay attention to lyrics in music and try to understand them whenever possible. - Switch your news to English. If you’re getting a morning report or turning on the TV, look for an English broadcast. Focus on key things, and don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. - Discover new videos and podcasts. If you’re interested in a topic, watch a video on it in English! Hobbies, work courses, skills - you can find all sorts of content that suits your needs. - Go to online meetups. For example, try our English speaking club or sign up for a conference about something you enjoy. Listening to experts in your area of interest can be a great way to improve. As long as you can immerse yourself in the language, you should be able to gradually improve your comprehension and eventually understand all kinds of speakers. What are the different types of listening? There are 4 different types of listening depending on why you’re doing it. These don’t apply just to learning English listening - you probably do them all the time in your native language and just don’t think about it. - Informational Listening. Listening to understand something. You’re looking for details, ideas, instructions, and so on. - Critical Listening. Listening to analyze something. You’re looking for facts, arguments, key points, and so on. - Empathetic Listening. Listening to connect. You’re looking for emotions, feelings, opinions, and so on. - Active Listening. Listening to participate. You’re looking to ask questions, engage, negotiate, and so on. You don’t have to practice any of the 4 dimensions separately. However, being able to handle different situations and switch between them can make you a better communicator.

https://promova.com/skills/english-listening

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A tax on carbon dioxide emissions in Great Britain, introduced in 2013, has led to the proportion of electricity generated from coal falling from 40% to 3% over six years, according to research led by UCL.British electricity generated from coal fell from 13.1 TWh (terawatt hours) in 2013 to 0.97 TWh in September 2019, and was replaced by other less emission-heavy forms of generation such as gas. The decline in coal generation accelerated substantially after the tax was increased in 2015. In the report, ‘The Value of International Electricity Trading’, researchers from UCL and the University of Cambridge also showed that the tax—called Carbon Price Support—added on average £39 to British household electricity bills, collecting around £740m for the Treasury, in 2018. Academics researched how the tax affected electricity flows to connected countries and interconnector (the large cables connecting the countries) revenue between 2015—when the tax was increased to £18 per tonne of carbon dioxide—and 2018. Following this increase, the share of coal-fired electricity generation fell from 28% in 2015 to 5% in 2018, reaching 3% by September 2019. Increased electricity imports from the continent reduced the price impact in the UK, and meant that some of the cost was paid through a slight increase in continental electricity prices (mainly in France and the Netherlands). Project lead Dr. Giorgio Castagneto Gissey (Bartlett Institute for Sustainable Resources, UCL) said: “Should EU countries also adopt a high carbon tax we would likely see huge carbon emission reductions throughout the Continent, as we’ve seen in Great Britain over the last few years.” Lead author, Professor David Newbery (University of Cambridge), said: “The Carbon Price Support provides a clear signal to our neighbours of its efficacy at reducing CO2 emissions.” The Carbon Price Support was introduced in England, Scotland and Wales at a rate of £4.94 per tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent and is now capped at £18 until 2021.The tax is one part of the Total Carbon Price, which also includes the price of EU Emissions Trading System permits. Report co-author Bowei Guo (University of Cambridge) said: “The Carbon Price Support has been instrumental in driving coal off the grid, but we show how it also creates distortions to cross-border trade, making a case for EU-wide adoption.” Professor Michael Grubb (Bartlett Institute for Sustainable Resources, UCL) said: “Great Britain’s electricity transition is a monumental achievement of global interest, and has also demonstrated the power of an effective carbon price in lowering dependence on electricity generated from coal.” The overall report on electricity trading also covers the value of EU interconnectors to Great Britain, measures the efficiency of cross-border electricity trading and considers the value of post-Brexit decoupling from EU electricity markets.Published today, the report annex focusing on the Carbon Price Support was produced by UCL to focus on the impact of the tax on British energy bills.

https://innerkonsult.com/british-carbon-tax-leads-

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Physical activity plays a crucial role in a child’s overall development, and starting early can lay the foundation for a lifetime of health and well-being. While most people associate sports with older children and adults, engaging infants in age-appropriate physical activities can have numerous benefits. Sports for infants go beyond competition and focus on nurturing their motor skills, coordination, social interaction, and cognitive development. In this article, we will explore the importance of sports for infants, discuss the benefits they offer, and provide a comprehensive list of age-appropriate sports activities that can be enjoyed with your little ones. What Should You Consider When Selecting Sports For Infants? While there are numerous factors to consider when selecting sports or group activity, the most important factor is whether your child wants to participate in said activity. If the answer is no, you should reconsider the situation. Forcing a child to participate in a sport may result in conflicts between you and your child. It could lead to unnecessary frustration, and your child may become resentful because they aren’t happy or “having fun.” If your child wants to participate in sports, you should encourage him or her to do so in a safe and healthy manner. This can be accomplished by remembering the following points. 1. Keep it simple. It is best to keep things simple when introducing young children to sports. Children in elementary school can and should learn the essentials — and only the essentials. This entails locating groups or organizations that focus on skill development and fundamentals. Coaches should also prioritize giving kids the opportunity to try out for various positions and roles on the team. This also includes trying a variety of sports rather than encouraging a young child to specialize. Children who focus on one sport too early risk becoming burned out. Excessive exertion and overuse in specific areas also increase the risk of long-term injuries exponentially. So, instead of following a baseball season with more baseball, mix it up. Try out football, basketball, tennis, and the likes. 2. Please be patient Playing team sports requires taking turns, following rules, focusing, and (in some cases) sharing, which can be frustrating for young children. Being cool, calm, and collected is the best way to help them get through these difficult times. A little perseverance can go a long way. 3. Be upbeat You’ll need to be positive as well as patient. “Coaches, parents, and teachers should foster a positive and uplifting environment with age-appropriate expectations,” says Uquillas. What’s the reason? “Intense competitiveness and intimidation can have negative effects, causing low self-esteem and anxiety.” So, no matter what, be encouraging, reassuring, and supportive. 4. Additionally, avoid competition While participating in competition teams can be fun, young children should avoid “competing.” In fact, the AAP recommends that children under the age of 12 focus solely on having fun. Why Sports for Infants Matter When kids get older, playing sports and taking part in organized group activities have a lot of advantages. Below are the five major reasons why sports for infants matter a lot. 1. Motor Skill Development: Sports activities help infants enhance their motor skills, including crawling, walking, running, throwing, and catching. These activities contribute to their physical development and coordination. 2. Cognitive Development: Sports activities involve problem-solving, decision-making, and spatial awareness, which stimulate cognitive development in infants. Also read: Cognitive Development In Teens 2023 They learn to anticipate, strategize, and adapt to different situations. 3. Social Interaction: Engaging in sports activities from an early age introduces infants to social interaction. They learn to take turns, cooperate with others, and develop essential social skills like sharing and communication. 4. Emotional Well-being: Participating in sports activities promotes emotional well-being in infants. It helps them develop confidence, self-esteem, and a sense of accomplishment as they achieve small milestones. 5. Healthy Lifestyle Habits: Introducing sports at an early age instills healthy lifestyle habits. It encourages regular physical activity, fosters an appreciation for exercise, and lays the foundation for a lifelong commitment to fitness. Age-Appropriate Sports Activities for Infants 1. Tummy Time (0-6 months): Tummy time is a crucial activity for infants to strengthen their neck, back, and shoulder muscles. Encourage your baby to spend short periods lying on their tummy, supported by a soft surface, while you interact and play with them. This activity helps develop core strength and prepares them for crawling and sitting. 2. Baby Yoga (3-12 months): Baby yoga involves gentle stretching, poses, and movements that aid in flexibility, balance, and body awareness. It promotes relaxation, and bonding between parent and child, and enhances motor development. Seek guidance from a qualified instructor or use age-appropriate yoga resources. 3. Water Play (6-12 months): Introduce your infant to water play in a safe and supervised environment. It can include activities like splashing, kicking, and floating with support. Water play enhances motor skills, coordination, and sensory exploration. 4. Sensory Play (6-12 months): Sensory play involves providing infants with various textures, colors, and objects to explore. Set up a safe play area with items like softballs, textured toys, and musical instruments. This activity stimulates their senses, improves hand-eye coordination, and enhances cognitive development. 5. Baby Gymnastics (6-18 months): Baby gymnastics focuses on basic movements like rolling, crawling, climbing, and jumping. Use soft mats, tunnels, and age-appropriate gymnastics equipment to create a safe and engaging play area. This activity promotes balance, coordination, and gross motor skills. 6. Music and Movement (6-18 months): Incorporate music and movement into your daily routine. Sing songs, dance, and encourage your infant to imitate simple movements. This activity enhances rhythm, coordination, and social interaction. 7. Ball Play (9-18 months): Introduce soft balls of various sizes and textures to your infant. Encourage them to grasp, roll, and throw the balls. This activity improves hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and introduces the basic concepts of cause and effect. 8. Crawling Races (9-18 months): Create a safe crawling course for your infant, using pillows, cushions, or tunnels. Encourage them to crawl through the course, exploring different textures and obstacles. Crawling races promote motor development, spatial awareness, and problem-solving skills. 9. Baby Swimming (12-24 months): Enroll your infant in a parent-infant swimming class to introduce them to water safety and basic swimming skills. Water activities improve coordination, strengthen muscles, and enhance confidence in the water. 10. Toddler Soccer (18-36 months): Set up a mini-soccer game using soft balls and small goals. Encourage your toddler to kick the ball and score goals. This activity improves gross motor skills, and coordination, and introduces them to basic sports concepts. When engaging infants in sports activities, it is essential to prioritize their safety. Here are some key considerations: 1. Supervision: Always supervise infants during sports activities to ensure their safety and prevent accidents. 2. Age Appropriateness: Choose activities that align with your infant’s developmental stage and physical capabilities. Avoid activities that may pose a risk of injury or overexertion. 3. Safety Equipment: When necessary, use appropriate safety equipment such as helmets, knee pads, or life jackets, depending on the activity. 4. Safe Environment: Create a safe environment by removing hazards, securing furniture, and using soft surfaces or mats to cushion falls. 5. Hydration and Rest: Infants may tire quickly during physical activities. Offer regular breaks, ensure proper hydration, and be mindful of signs of fatigue or discomfort. Sports for infants offer numerous benefits in terms of physical, cognitive, and social development. Engaging in age-appropriate activities from an early age sets the foundation for a healthy and active lifestyle. It is crucial to choose activities that align with infants’ developmental stages and prioritize their safety throughout the process. By introducing sports activities to infants, parents can foster their overall well-being, promote healthy habits, and lay the groundwork for a lifelong love of physical activity. Remember to enjoy these activities together, creating bonding moments and cherished memories as you watch your little one grow and thrive through the power of sports.

https://amumandmore.com/sports-for-infants/

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You have been given the task of writing a Biography Essay, and you are worried about how to write it and how it should look. If this is the case, the article below will give you all the information you need about the essay. ❓ What Is a Biographical Essay? You might have read a few essays that turned out to be biographies of famous people, but you might not have been able to tell because you don’t know how a biography essay is put together. A simple essay about someone’s life can give the reader a lot of information about that person. Let’s look at an example to help you get a better idea of what this is all about. If you are reading a script about a famous person like Bob Marley or Mike Tyson, for example, the biography essay will start with a description of the person’s childhood. You might be reading about someone like Mike Tyson or Bob Marley. After that, the essay will move on to other parts of his or her life, describing different parts of that person’s life as it goes. This will also include the things that made them famous, like the bad things that people went through in their own lives. Now that you have a general idea of what a biography essay is about, let’s talk about what it is in more technical terms. It is a piece of academic writing in which the author describes the events of someone else’s life. Since the word “biography” comes from the Greek word for “life,” it means the history of a person’s life. It’s possible that the person being asked about is you. Most of the time, it isn’t about the life of a famous or interesting person. Instead, it can be about anyone you know. Let’s get rid of that first. A biography-style essay about you can be written by anyone. But if you want to write a good biography essay, you must first make sure you know enough about the subject. This is always true, no matter whom you choose to write about. You need to know a lot about the facts, numbers, and dates related to the person you are writing about. I think the last few sentences have given a good example of what a biographical essay looks like. 💡 Main Purpose Since you already know what a biography essay is and how it works because of the previous paragraphs, it should be much easier for you to understand the point of writing one now that you have this background information. They have different purposes, some of which are: 1. Taking a record of the personal life of a personality By writing a biography of a person, the writer usually stores the life events of that person in written form. As a result, most of the time, these essays begin with early childhood events and progress chronologically until the person’s death. 2. Telling a Story about Life with Facts Other essays that include a story are usually fictional and not based on reality. Biography essays, on the other hand, tell the true story of someone’s life. And the writers are telling the story of the life of that person in detail. That is why these essays are usually backed with facts and figures about that person, and they are well researched. 3. Highlighting some hidden facts about a person’s life Sometimes it is common that a whole biography essay elaborates only on a single phase of a person’s personality. Let us explain with an example if you are perplexed. For instance, if you are writing a biography of Mahatma Gandhi, you can only write about his political struggle in the whole essay, from the beginning to the end. There might be several other aspects of his life that other writers have covered in their essays, but you have chosen to write details about his political life. 4. Covering the real life events of a person Let us take another example. If you are writing a biography essay on a sportsman, it is probable that other writers have written extensive accounts of his or her career achievements, but there has been little data about his personal life. So, you might write the essay that will cover his personal life, including childhood, education, family life, and other aspects of it, too. On Time! Place the order and get your paper in 6 Hours, plagiarism-free! ✍️ How to Write a Biography Essay: 7 Steps So far, this article has talked about how to start a biography essay. This should be enough information for you to recognize a biography essay when you see one. But knowing these things is not enough to let you write a good essay about a person’s life on your own. In the next few paragraphs, we’ll talk about a few important steps that, if you follow them, will help you a lot when you’re writing an essay on your own. Before writing the essay, it’s important to plan it out. These steps will help you make a plan that, if followed, will result in a great biography essay when it’s done. 1. Choose your subject Finding a topic to write about is the first and most important step in putting together a biography essay. You need to write about something that is well-known. Another important piece of advice is that there should be a wide range of facts available about the subject. People most often make the mistake of choosing an interesting topic but then finding out they don’t know enough about it. If you are doing an assignment for school or college, on the other hand, the professor will almost certainly give you the topic. You are also expected to do research on the subject. If you do your research and find that there is no information available about the issue, you should talk to your teacher about changing the subject. Even if you do some preliminary research on your own, you can still suggest the topic. Research should always be a big part of academic writing, whether you’re writing a proposal, an essay, or something else. When you’re writing a biography essay, there are two kinds of research you can do: The first kind of research gives you the information you need to decide if the topic you want to write about can actually be written about. When you’re sure that the topic you’re working on is manageable, you can move on to secondary research. This time, you will read and analyze all of the sources you have access to. In this day and age of the internet and other online tools, you probably already know that doing research online can help you find reliable sources for your essay. For secondary research, you can read any of the millions of articles and books that have been written about a certain topic. But if you’d rather do your research on the issue using physical copies of books and research papers, you can do that if that’s what you want to do. After you’ve done all the research you need on the topic, it’s time to start making an outline for your essay. The best thing about making an essay outline is that you have to stay on topic. Most beginning writers make the common mistake of not making an outline before they start writing their essays. This makes it easy for them to get off track almost as soon as they start writing. So, if you want to write the perfect biography essay, you need to make an outline before you start writing. Here is an example of a simple outline that you can use as a guide: - Early Childhood - Married life But keep in mind that this outline is just to give you an idea of what an outline looks like. You can write your own outline according to the subject’s requirements. 4. Introduction Paragraph The reader’s ability to understand the rest of the essay is greatly enhanced by the introduction paragraph. This serves as a sort of navigation to the entire essay. It provides the reader with information regarding the contents of the essay. At this point, the reader is also presented with the primary focus and concept of the essay. After reading the introductory paragraph, the reader has enough information to make an educated prediction regarding the organization of the essay. There are a number of different ways that one might begin a biography essay. You might want to begin with a well-known remark from the individual whose life you are writing about at the beginning. Alternately, you might begin with a generic introduction such as “Throughout the course of history, there have been millions of political figures, but Mr. X has acquired an amazing name in the political sphere of America.” Having said that, these are not ironclad rules; you are free to begin the introduction with a sentence that is straightforward and simple for you. And how you start out your essay on someone’s life will also depend on the kind of writer you are as an individual. 5. Thesis Statement Typically, the thesis statement of the essay can be found in the very final sentences of the introduction. It is the most important part of your essay. The remainder of your essay should support what you’ve stated in your thesis statement. We are going to recommend that you schedule some time in your schedule to think about how you can develop an excellent thesis statement for your paper. The reason for this is that the rest of the essay is built around the thesis statement. Two different samples of a thesis statement for an imaginary essay are going to be provided for you here. - Once a person comes to know his potential and is determined to exploit it, no matter how many difficult times he may face in the future, he eventually achieves success in one way or another. This is true even though her early childhood circumstances were not in her favor. However, her consistency and dedication in the field earned her a name that no one could ever achieve. I believe that these two examples of thesis statements have provided you with a sufficient amount of information on the format of a thesis statement. Now that you have a thesis statement, the rest of the essay will revolve around it, and you will have to prove it in your essay. 6. Body Paragraphs As far as the content is concerned, it is the lengthiest part of the essay. In other words, the body of an essay consists of more than one paragraph. It usually consists of more than one paragraph. However, the number of paragraphs depends on the total length of the essay. Moreover, it is also dependent upon the subject about which you are going to write. Here we will tell you more about the body paragraphs. Body paragraphs tell the story of the information that you have gathered through the research for your essay. It is important for a biography essay to maintain continuity with the point or purpose of your paper, as expressed in the thesis statement. Typically, the writer follows the chronological order in a biography essay; using a timeline, begin with their infancy and work your way up to their youth. You can also add exciting details such as what their family members, friends, and coworkers had to say about them, what kind of an effect they left on people, and so on. Basically, you are building the character by giving all these details about the subject. To make it more exciting and engaging, you can also add on the complex features of their personalities. For instance, if the subject’s personality changed after an event in his or her life, you can also discuss that event in detail to excite the reader about the subject. You should only give this information a cursory examination before moving on to other private details about the individual in question or about those who are very close to them. Similarly, if the subject of the essay has achieved something in their life, you can also discuss the impact of their achievements on the lives of other people and society. In order to maintain continuity, you should link the events that occurred later in their lives with those that occurred in their early lives. Every significant turning moment in their lives that led them in a different direction should also be addressed in the body of the essay as an additional important point. It is important to discuss things like how they were able to overcome challenges. The conclusion, like any other part of the essay, is important. In this part of the essay, the writer wraps up the whole thing in a paragraph or two. The effective conclusion also reflects back on the essay. One important thing that most writers miss is that they repeat the content of the introduction again in the conclusion. But you should try to discuss only the important things from the biography essay in the conclusion. For instance, you can discuss the main events that have shaped the subject’s life. But keep in mind that there is no need to go into all the details of the event again in the conclusion. It’s just the idea of the essay. ✏️ How to Write a Biography Essay About Someone Else Although writing about the life of another person is not always simple, you can improve your chances of producing a decent essay about another person by planning ahead and familiarising yourself with some helpful hints. The following is a step-by-step guide that will walk you through the process of writing an excellent biography essay about another person. Do exhaustive research on that individual’s life and career. You can collect the information you need by reading articles, books, and any other relevant materials that are available to you. If a person is still alive, you have the option of conducting an interview with them in order to collect the additional pieces of information required for the essay. Having acquired a general understanding of the life of the individual in question now, At this point, you should sketch out the organisation of the essay. You are in charge of determining how the essay should begin. You may begin your story with the subject’s childhood if that’s how you prefer to write, or you could begin with a particular incident if that’s more your speed. In addition to adding more excitement to the essay, you can also do research on how other writers have seen that individual and what they have written about them. Because of this, you will be able to form more than one perspective, and in the end, you will have a wide variety of options to elaborate on and take into account in the essay. You can also get to know that person’s family members and relatives to get a better sense of their personalities, which will make the essay more interesting to read. After you have completed all of the necessary research, you may move on to actually writing the essay. To accomplish this, start by drafting an outline, and once you have that, move on to the actual writing. After you have completed writing the entire essay, you should go back and read it several times in order to improve the material. ✒️ What If I Have to Write a Biography Essay About Myself? Although writing about yourself may appear to be easier, it can be difficult if you are writing for the first time. Here are a few steps that will help you write a biography essay about yourself. First, rewind in your mind the major events that occurred in your life. You can also talk to your friends and family members to get new perspectives on your life. You can also discuss this with your parents to learn about the detailed events of your childhood and family background. Your relatives can also help you by giving you exciting accounts of your life that you have not thought of yourself. You can gather a lot of information this way that will help you write a biography of yourself. 🆚 Biography Essay VS Narrative Essay Do you feel like you don’t know what makes a story narrative and different from a biographical essay? So, allow us to help you get your thoughts in order. The word “narrate” tells you right away that a narrative essay is more like a story. For example, if you’re writing about an event, you’ll talk about the part a certain character played in it. Let me offer a more detailed example. For example, if you are writing an essay about George Washington’s role in the events that happened in American history, you will write it in the form of a story. If you are writing a biography essay, on the other hand, you will talk about George Washington’s whole life, from when he was a child until he died. I hope that after reading this, you can see how a story essay is different from a biography essay and that it makes sense to you now. Cheapest Paper Writing Service From EssayWritings.co 🏆 Biography Essay Topics Since the word “biography” comes from the Greek word for “life,” it shouldn’t be a surprise that these essays are usually about the life of a certain person. These people could be anyone from history who is well-known. But you don’t have to write about a famous person; you can write about anyone you want. Still, choosing the subject is one of the most important steps. You have to choose a topic for which there are a lot of resources, or else it will be hard to find out anything about the person in question. For example, if you choose a person you don’t know very well, like someone who might be a friend of a friend of yours, it will be hard to find out information about that person. Here are some ideas for what you could write: - Historical figure - Religious personality - A person with extraordinary abilities - person with huge achievements - A person you personally know - Any close friend of yours - Your family member To sum up, there are a lot of different things you can write about in your biography essay. Who you choose to learn more about and write about in your biography essay will depend on what you like and what interests you. 🌹 Examples of Biography Essay To give you a better understanding, here is a practical example of a short biography essay. Let’s say we are writing about the famous philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche; our biography essay will look like this: Friedrich Nietzsche was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture. He was born on October 15, 1844, in Rocken, Saxony, Prussia, and died on August 25, 1900, in Weimar, Thuringian States. He is known as one of the most influential modern thinkers. He tried to find out why traditional Western faith, moral standards, and ideology are the way they are. His granddad on his father’s side wrote books defending Protestantism and became a church superintendent. His grandfather on his mother’s side was a country parson. His father, Carl Ludwig Nietzsche, was appointed pastor at Rocken by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, who was named after Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche lost entire control of his faculties and fainted in the streets of Turin, Italy, in January 1889. His Christian theologian friend, Franz Overbeck, travelled to Italy to bring Nietzsche back to Basel after receiving bizarre but relevant messages from Nietzsche shortly after his breakdown. After spending his final years in a Basel institution, with his mother in Naumburg, and then with his sister in Weimar after her death in 1897, Nietzsche’s next 11 years were spent in complete mental darkness. When the year 1900 rolled along, he passed away. Atypical global paralysis from latent tertiary syphilis was long considered to be the root cause of his mental collapse. Retro-orbital meningioma, a tumour of the brain meninges located behind the (right) eye, and cerebral blood vessel degeneration were among the subsequent findings. 🔥 Additional Tips on Writing a Biography Essay There are several additional tips that you must keep in mind to write a perfect biography essay. Some of them are: - wisely choose the subject. - Always plan before writing the essay. - Do primary research on the topic. - Think outside the box to get other perspectives on the topic. - Incorporate interesting events and facts to make the essay more amazing. - Use your own writing expression to make it more natural. - Always try to retain the cohesion and continuity of the essay. - You can add emotions and sentiments to the essay for the readers’ interest. 🙋♀️ Final Words Writing an academic essay can be a problem for any new writer, but having knowledge of the complete steps involved can make the task easier. This article has provided all of the information, including examples and tips, to assist you in writing a perfect biography essay on your own. We can write a 10/10 custom essay quickly! ❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The first step in writing a biographical essay is choosing the subject. Once you are done with it, do your research and structure the essay to complete it. The basic five elements of a biography are as follows: - Thesis statement - Body paragraphs You can simply brainstorm ideas for your biography, and then you can get the help of any expert for better ideas about your biography. The first step in writing a biography is choosing the subject, then researching the topic. A simple biography is an account of the life of any personality. Any biography has three important features: - written in formal language - Follow the structure. - Continuity and cohesiveness between the ideas The most common structure of a biography includes the following: - Body paragraphs A good biography is: - Easy to read - Link between ideas - Revolve around a single subject or idea. - Should have a structure - Must be in formal language

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Table of content Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most prevailing diseases all over the world. It occurs due to insulin resistance that develops in the body for numerous reasons. In this disease, the insulin your body produces is insufficient to utilize your blood glucose. As a result, the sugar content increases in your blood and causes irritable symptoms. Diabetic patients need appropriate medication to manage their condition. The medicines used by the patients may drop their blood sugar levels to a great extent. Sometimes it may lead to hypoglycemia. Such patients are at high risk of diabetic shock. It is a medical emergency that can be fatal for the patients if it prevails for a longer duration. What is diabetic shock? Diabetic shock, also known as diabetic coma or hypoglycemia, is potentially life-threatening when blood sugar levels drop too low. It is most commonly seen in diabetic patients, particularly those who use insulin or other medications to manage their blood sugar levels. Such medication can cause a sudden drop in blood sugar content, which can be hazardous. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body’s cells and organs cannot function properly. The brain, which relies on glucose as its primary fuel source, is particularly vulnerable to low blood sugar levels. As a result, a person may experience various symptoms, including confusion, irritability, shakiness, sweating, weakness, headache, blurred vision, and seizures. In severe cases, Hypoglycemic shock can lead to unconsciousness, brain damage, or even death. A variety of factors can cause diabetic shock. The most common cause of this condition is taking too much insulin or other diabetes medications. Skipping meals or snacks, exercising too much without adjusting medication or food intake, and drinking alcohol can also lead to this medical emergency. If you are not eating enough food for a long time, you may also experience symptoms and signs of diabetic shock. In some cases, it may also result from an underlying medical condition. Diabetic shock symptoms Being a medical emergency, insulin shock can come up with severe signs and symptoms. Some of their symptoms turn out to be fatal for diabetic patients. Here are the most common signs of hypoglycemic shock. - Mild to severe headache - Dizziness & confusion - Irritability & anxiety - Sweating & shakiness - Severe hunger Mild to severe headache One of the most common symptoms of diabetic shock is a mild to severe headache. The headache can be dull and persistent or sharp and intense. The headache occurs because the brain is not receiving enough glucose, or sugar, its primary energy source. If left untreated, the headache can progress to more severe symptoms, such as confusion, irritability, and dizziness. Dizziness & confusion Individuals experiencing diabetic shock may feel dizzy and confused. These symptoms occur because the brain is not receiving adequate energy sources. As a result, the individual may have difficulty focusing or processing information. If the individual is driving or operating heavy machinery, they may be at risk of causing an accident. Irritability & anxiety Another symptom of diabetic shock is irritability and anxiety. These symptoms can be a sign that blood sugar levels are too low. If left untreated, the individual may become increasingly agitated and anxious, which can lead to more severe symptoms. Sweating & shakiness Patients experiencing diabetic shock may also sweat excessively and shake. These symptoms occur because the body is responding to low blood sugar levels. The sweating and shaking may be mild initially but can progress to more severe symptoms if not managed appropriately. Severe hunger is another symptom that is commonly associated with Insulin shock. The individual may feel as though they have not eaten in days, even recently. This symptom occurs because the body is not receiving enough glucose, its primary energy source. Diabetic shock complications If symptoms of Insulin shock prevail for a longer duration, it can cause numerous complications. Some common complications associated with this disease are as follows: - Seizures, jerky movements, & convulsions - Loss of consciousness - Blurred vision - Difficulty in speech Seizures, jerky movements, & convulsions One of the most serious complications of diabetic shock is seizures, jerky movements, and convulsions. These symptoms occur when the brain does not get enough glucose, its primary energy source. As a result, the brain may malfunction, causing seizures, jerky movements, and convulsions. Loss of consciousness A significant complication of diabetic shock is loss of consciousness. If blood sugar levels drop too low, the brain lacks enough energy resources to function correctly, causing the individual to lose consciousness. This can be a life-threatening condition and requires immediate medical attention. Individuals experiencing diabetic shock may also suffer from blurred vision. This symptom occurs because the brain is not receiving enough glucose, which can cause the eyes to malfunction. If left untreated, the individual may experience permanent vision loss. Difficulty in speech Difficulty in speech is another symptom of diabetic shock. This symptom occurs because your organs are not getting enough supplies of glucose, which can cause the muscles in the mouth and throat to malfunction. The individual may have difficulty speaking clearly or may slur their words. Many risk factors are associated with Insulin shock. Here are some common risk factors that can lead to this fatal condition. - Insulin delivery problems - An illness, trauma, or surgery - Poorly managed diabetes - Deliberately skipping meals or insulin - Drinking alcohol - Drug abuse Insulin delivery problems Individuals who use insulin to manage their blood sugar levels are at risk of diabetic shock if they have issues with insulin delivery. This could include injecting too much insulin, not enough insulin, or injecting insulin into the wrong location. An illness, trauma, or surgery An illness, trauma, or surgery can also increase the risk of diabetic shock. These conditions can cause stress on the body, leading to a drop in blood sugar levels. Additionally, medications used to manage these conditions may interact with diabetes medications, leading to low blood sugar levels. Poorly managed diabetes Individuals with poorly managed diabetes are at increased risk of diabetic shock. This can occur if blood sugar levels are consistently too high, leading to insulin resistance, or if blood sugar levels are not monitored and managed properly. Deliberately skipping meals or insulin Skipping meals or insulin doses can also increase the risk of diabetic shock. This can occur if an individual intentionally skips a meal or insulin dose or cannot eat or take insulin due to circumstances beyond their control. Drinking alcohol can also increase the risk of diabetic shock. Alcohol can interfere with the liver’s ability to release glucose, leading to low blood sugar levels. Additionally, alcohol can affect the absorption and metabolism of diabetes medications, leading to further complications. Drug abuse can also increase the risk of diabetic shock. Drugs such as cocaine and heroin can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels, leading to low blood sugar levels. Additionally, drug abuse can lead to poor self-care and management of diabetes, leading to further complications. Does diabetic shock cause death? Diabetic shock is a medical emergency. The symptoms of this condition may progress and gain severity. If left untreated, diabetic shock can cause death. Severe hypoglycemia can cause irreversible brain damage, seizures, and respiratory failure, which can be fatal. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if experiencing symptoms of a diabetic shock to prevent more severe complications, including death. How to manage diabetic shock? Managing diabetic shock, hypoglycemia, or insulin shock is critical to preventing serious complications. Here are some steps to manage diabetic shock - Check blood sugar levels - Consume fast-acting carbohydrates - Rest & monitor symptoms - Seek medical attention Check blood sugar levels The first step in managing diabetic shock is to check blood sugar levels. If the blood sugar level is below 70 mg/dL, this could indicate hypoglycemia. By monitoring it regularly, you can devise a better plan to optimize your sugar level. Consume fast-acting carbohydrates If blood sugar levels are low, consuming fast-acting carbohydrates can help raise blood sugar levels quickly. Examples of fast-acting carbohydrates include fruit juice, soda, candy, or glucose gel. Rest & monitor symptoms After consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, it is essential to rest and monitor symptoms. If symptoms improve, monitor blood sugar levels to ensure they stay within a healthy range. If symptoms do not improve, seek medical attention immediately. Seek medical attention If symptoms of diabetic shock are severe or do not improve after consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, seek medical attention immediately. Severe hypoglycemia can cause seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death if left untreated. Therefore, you must seek medical help promptly. Preventing diabetic shock is also critical in managing the condition. This can be done by regularly monitoring blood sugar levels, taking prescribed medications, and eating regular meals. Additionally, avoiding skipping meals or snacks and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can help prevent diabetic shock. Importance of CGM systems for diabetic shock Patients always look for efficient tools that prevent them from Hazardous complications. One of the best devices that have earned significant popularity in the market is the Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system. Many CGMs in the market provide real-time navigation of your blood glucose levels. This gadget also acts as an assistive device for diabetic shock prevention. With the blessing of this device, you can get alerts before reaching a hypoglycemic state. This way, you can take appropriate precautions before having an Insulin Shock. Best CGM systems in the market Numerous CGM systems are available in the market. However, Freestyle Libre 3 and Dexcom G7 have earned significant popularity in the market due to their unique features. Both these devices are highly accurate. The sensors of these CGMs are also compact and easy to be used by users. You can install them once, providing you with a 24-hour attachment to your skin for several days. Where to buy? You can find many platforms to buy your desirable CGM system. Many pharmacies and diabetic shops are supplying Dexcom G7 and Freestyle Libre 3. However, if you want original devices at affordable rates, go to cgmmonitors.com. On this website, you find the best quality and genuine CGM devices without burdening your pocket. Diabetic shock is a medical emergency that is primarily caused by severe hypoglycemia. It is more common among diabetic patients because they face marked fluctuations in their blood glucose levels. It can be caused due to high dosages of insulin or poor diet intake and strenuous exercise. Signs and symptoms of this hazardous condition include; headache, dizziness, anxiety, and blurred vision. If the condition progresses, patients suffer from certain complications, including; loss of consciousness, seizures, and even death. Prevention is always better than cure in such circumstances. You must monitor your glucose levels constantly to avoid such conditions. If the symptoms appear, take action immediately by consuming significant amounts of Carbs. CGM devices can be advantageous in managing conditions like a hypoglycemic shock. Frequently Asked Questions What is Diabetic Shock? Diabetic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by low blood sugar levels that can lead to confusion, seizures, unconsciousness, and even death. What are the Symptoms of Diabetic Shock? Symptoms of diabetic shock include headaches, dizziness, confusion, irritability, anxiety, sweating, shakiness, and severe hunger. What are the Complications of Diabetic Shock? Complications of diabetic shock include seizures, loss of consciousness, blurred vision, and difficulty in speech, which can be permanent if left untreated. What Causes Diabetic Shock? Taking too much insulin, skipping meals, exercising too much without adjusting medication, drinking alcohol, and underlying medical conditions can cause diabetic shock. What are the Risk Factors for Diabetic Shock? Risk factors for diabetic shock include insulin delivery problems, medication errors, inadequate food intake, and underlying medical conditions such as liver or kidney disease. Write a comment Your email address will not be published. All fields are required

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Table of Contents Introduction for Selma Movie Summary In an ideal realm, “Selma” would solely serve as a portrayal of bygone and condemned dark times, a historical lesson that assures us such atrocities will no longer be committed, accepted, or glorified. However, in Selma movie summary essay, perfection remains elusive in mortal existence. “Selma” showcases the progression of change while illuminating the persistent stagnation in areas that have resisted transformation. It reminds us that understanding our collective history is crucial for charting a path toward progress. Ava DuVernay’s “Selma” is a commanding and captivating film that passionately portrays the events surrounding Martin Luther King and the civil rights march in 1965 from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery, the state capital. It also delves into King’s solemn anticipation of a destiny that would demand sacrifice. In the realm of recent films that bravely confront the issue of race, such as Spielberg’s “Lincoln” and McQueen’s “12 Years a Slave,” “Selma” confidently asserts its place. It fearlessly tackles the topic that often looms uncomfortably in Hollywood’s predominantly white and privileged environment. Selma lord selma movie summary approaches this subject matter from a position of strength, as well as an unwavering commitment to idealism and optimism. Though if you find yourself unable to write an essay on this movie due to insufficient writing skills, it may be beneficial to search for a reputable writer like US Essay Writers“. By hiring the best possible company that offers top-notch writing assistance, you can ensure that your essay meets the highest quality standards. Selma Movie Summary Sparknotes The Struggle for Civil Rights: This section delves into the primary theme of “Selma,” which revolves around the fight for civil rights in America. It provides an examination of the historical backdrop and the importance of this struggle, shedding light on the obstacles that African Americans encountered in their pursuit of equality. The analysis focuses on the specific events of the civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, exploring the motivations that fueled the march and the challenges faced during its course. It emphasizes the march’s significance as a transformative moment in the civil rights movement and its broader impact on the ongoing battle for equal rights. - Martin Luther King Jr. and Sacrifice The Selma movie plot summary section examines how Martin Luther King Jr. is portrayed in “Selma” and its significance. Highlighting the effects of his deeds and ideals, it examines his role as a pivotal figure and leader in the civil rights struggle. The examination examines King’s notion of a sacrificial destiny, according to which he anticipated the sacrifices he would have to make personally for justice and equality. It explores how this concept is portrayed in the story, focusing on significant scenes and quotes that show King’s self-awareness of the sacrifices he would have to make. The passage focuses on how deeply King was committed to the cause and how his selfless attitude shaped his leadership and decision-making during the events. “The Impactful Opening Scene: Highlighting the Oppressive Obstacles Faced by African Americans in Voting”. The opening scene serves as a powerful reminder of the oppressive obstacles faced by African Americans, including poll taxes and literacy tests designed to suppress their right to vote. In a poignant moment, producer Oprah Winfrey appears as a character named Miss Sofia, who repeatedly visits the voting bureau to take a test that should grant her a right she already possesses. Winfrey’s transformation into a regular person and her growing unhappiness as she is repeatedly rejected is heartbreaking and serves as a lesson in humility. The sequence emphasizes the ongoing fight for equal rights and participation in the democratic process while serving as a somber reminder of the injustices experienced by Black people. Celebrating Bradford Young’s Contribution to “Selma” “Selma” is a remarkable film that effortlessly encompasses grandeur and intimate storytelling. A significant portion of the credit goes to Bradford Young, the longstanding cinematographer of director Ava DuVernay. Young’s mastery behind the camera is evident as he captures the essence of Black skin with unparalleled admiration, employing breathtaking lighting techniques reminiscent of the bold and evocative style seen in Gordon Willis’ works. His stylistic innovations during the action sequences are astonishing and original, leaving a lasting impact on the audience. It is disheartening that Young’s exceptional work, which also includes his cinematography in “Ain’t Them Bodies Saints,” has not received the recognition it deserves. In the movie summary, Selma has the opportunity to rectify this oversight and shed light on Young’s extraordinary talent. The Guiding Ethical Precepts of Dr. Martin Luther King: Inspiring Principles for a Just Society As the end credits roll in the powerful drama “Selma,” it is a captivating experience to witness the fate of the characters we have journeyed with. During this reflective moment, we came across a spiritual guideline that guided Dr. Martin Luther King and the nonviolent protests of the civil rights movement. These ethical precepts, still profoundly relevant today, provide food for thought: - Embrace daily meditation on the teachings and life of Jesus. - Remember that the nonviolent movement seeks justice and reconciliation, not mere victory. - Walk and communicate with love, recognizing that God is love. - Offer daily prayers to be an instrument of liberation for all. - Sacrifice personal desires for the greater freedom of humanity. - Engage in regular acts of service for others and the betterment of the world. - Refrain from violence in actions, words, and thoughts. - Strive for good spiritual and physical well-being. Follow the guidance of the movement and its leaders during demonstrations. These timeless principles serve as a reminder of the profound wisdom and moral compass that guided Dr. King and continue to inspire us to strive for a just and equitable society. A Cinematic Masterpiece Blending Summary of Selma’s Movie Selma Summary Movie The Selma summary movie “Selma” is a remarkable film that seamlessly blends the elements of an epic and a small-scale drama. The credit is due to the exceptional work of Bradford Young, the long-time cinematographer of director Ava DuVernay. Young’s cinematography beautifully captures the essence of Black skin, employing bold and shadowy techniques reminiscent of Gordon Willis, setting a new standard in Hollywood cinema. His innovative stylistic choices during the action sequences are both surprising and unique. It is disheartening that Young’s work has not received the recognition it deserves, including his previous work on “Ain’t Them Bodies Saints.” This oversight is something that “Selma” should rectify. A summary of the movie Selma aims to make its viewers feel a variety of emotions, including rage, despair, and inspiration, frequently all in the same scene. While welcoming viewers from all backgrounds, “Selma” does not back down from the terrible facts it depicts, portraying them brutally and without sugarcoating. It is a monument to the enormous ability and vision of filmmaker Ava DuVernay, and despite all the praise it has gotten, its basic message is still unwavering and clear. In the middle of the din, “Selma” calls urgently to us, warning us that if we are not watchful, progress may be quickly undone. It demands our attention and serves as a powerful call to action. In conclusion, the Sparknotes analysis of the Selma Movie Summary offers a comprehensive and insightful examination of this remarkable film. “Selma” proves to be a gripping and provocative classic by delving into the civil rights movement issues, the crucial role of Martin Luther King Jr., and the sacrifices made for equality. The summary does an excellent job of highlighting the film’s contemporary relevance, visually spectacular photography, and capacity to arouse a spectrum of emotions in its audience. Furthermore, by delving into the ethical principles guiding the nonviolent protests and emphasizing the importance of historical understanding, the summary underscores the lasting significance of “Selma” in our contemporary society. Overall, this Sparknotes summary provides a valuable resource for those seeking a deeper comprehension of the film’s profound themes and messages. However, if your instructor has assigned you the task of writing an Essay on Sparknotes of the Selma Movie Summary, but you are struggling to find the time due to work and other academic commitments, you might want to consider using a cheap reliable essay writing service USA based. These services assist in writing standardized college admission essays for the USA and crafting movie review essays and other types of assignments.

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Biblical Archaeology 101: Dating in the Archaeological World A central issue in the field of archaeology is that of dating. No, I don’t mean a social interaction with a fellow excavator sipping Arabic coffee over a headlamp-lit dinner of hummus and shawarma. I’m speaking of archaeological dating, which is the act of assigning a date to a historical object or event. There are two types of dating: relative dating, which places objects within a timeline relative to other objects discovered locally, and absolute dating, which seeks to establish a fixed date corresponding to the rest of world history. Today, the entire world uses a calendar based on a sidereal solar year, that is, one that measures the length of a year based on the sun’s journey through our sky from when it returns to the same position with respect to the distant, fixed stars. This calendar has a breaking point around two millennia ago: dates of the current era are designated as Anno Domini (A.D., “In the year of the Lord”) or Common Era (C.E.), and those before the current era are Before Christ (B.C.) or Before Common Era (B.C.E.). Theoretically we should be able to date everything according to this system by identifying the year in which an event took place. One of the best ways of doing this is by finding a written source mentioning an event in the heavens—a lunar or solar eclipse, the heliacal rising (annually, when a celestial body first becomes visible above the eastern horizon before sunrise) of a “star” (Sothis in Egypt, Venus in Mesopotamia), a new moon, etc. Astronomers can usually calculate exactly when such events took place in the past and where they were visible. The student of the 050ancient world then chooses a suitable event from what the astronomers can offer. A classic case is that of Alexander the Great (356–323 B.C.E.). His life is directly related to the history of Greece, Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. He himself and his father minted coins—as did his successors. Given the Greek system of counting in terms of the games at Olympia, which allegedly had taken place every four years since 776 B.C.E., it is possible to date precisely most prominent people in the Greek world. Regardless of whether the games began at a later date, the Greeks counted according to their understanding of the sequence of the Olympic Games and left a reliable means of following their history. There is even an ancient account of Alexander’s campaigns written by the Roman general Arrian, who lived about five centuries after Alexander. Arrian had access to the writings of the companions of Alexander and recorded that there had been a lunar eclipse just before the Battle of Gaugamela, which brought Alexander victory in Mesopotamia. By piecing all the evidence together, we can establish that this campaign took place in 331 B.C.E. Therefore, the date of that lunar eclipse should be September 20, 331 B.C.E. (which NASA tells us was visible in Mesopotamia). One occasionally reads that the eclipse recorded by Arrian occurred on 1 October -331, but this is not accurate. This misidentification stems from the fact that modern astronomers use an exceptional calendar because they realize that in the B.C.E./C.E. system, there is no year “0,” and thus there is a year missing. Therefore, they insert a year “0” before 1 C.E., and our 2 B.C.E. becomes -1. Thus, the eclipse of 1 October -331 (332 B.C.E.) was actually a year earlier than Alexander’s campaign in Mesopotamia. Indeed this case illustrates how easy it is—with proper attention!—to fit astronomical events of the distant past (which can be mathematically calculated) into a historical narrative. However, for earlier ages, one must juggle with several unknowns. Even though there is today no longer any doubt about the length of a year, we must recognize that the ancients had no regular system of recording time, and for most of human history our ancestors did not even know how long a year was. Furthermore, when they dated documents, they could make mistakes. Thus we must struggle to fit the ancient world into our modern, precise system, for they did not bequeath one to us. In principle, it would be ideal if we could assign exact dates to everything, so that we would be able to say that a specific Celtic burial, for instance, dates to the same time as a military event affecting Egypt, and a transformation of class status in China. In fact, we are able only to suggest that the earliest inscriptions testifying to the emergence of the shuren class in Zhou China date to the sixth century B.C.E., before the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 B.C.E., while the burial of a Celtic prince at Hochdorf in Germany may have preceded or followed that. We can’t get much closer than simply recognizing that it is not often that an event can be dated precisely, and radiocarbon or dendrochronological dates can rarely get more precise than typologically settled ones. Even our precise dates are only approximations, since the actual historical events cannot usually be exactly lined up with the material that provides a date. Archaeologists must always make a compromise to provide a date that makes sense, and this frequently leads to dates that are either uncomfortably vague but roughly accurate or too precise and possibly misleading. 051Ultimately, we have three separate problems: (1) fixing accurate dates, (2) determining the probability of the dates’ accuracy, and (3) relating that to human history. We are typically more confident establishing dates of objects in our own field of study with relative accuracy, as we know the material. However, when scholars assess objects outside their own field, they generally have to rely on the testimony of others. This often results in confusion, because chronological debates and issues of chronological probability are fairly nuanced and often familiar only to those working within their own field of study. Those of us who are concerned about this conundrum are prepared to struggle with the “certainty of uncertainty,” while still aiming at precision. We basically employ every possible means 052available, combining (1) relative “typological” and “stratigraphic” chronologies with (2) textual sources recording astronomical observations, dates relating to kings and/or buildings, etc., and (3) more precise means such as radiocarbon dating and dendrochronology, along with (4) numismatic evidence linked to archaeological contexts and textual sources. The very earliest dates in human history can be keyed to geological events, so that skeletons or artifacts (manufactured or reworked by humans) buried beneath or above a specific geological deposit can be dated as being older or younger than that deposit. For the earliest, the dates can be disconcertingly vague, such as “around four and a half million years ago.” In most cases, we have nothing but dates calculated by reckoning atomic transformations, such as energy loss (thermoluminescence) or radioactive decay of carbon atoms (radiocarbon). Thermoluminescence measures the ages of rocks, while radiocarbon measures material with organic content. In recent years, measuring with the celebrated radioactive carbon (14C) isotopes has improved. First of all, the period of the half-life (the rate at which the atoms gradually degrade) was corrected from the Libby half-life of 5,568 ± 30 years to the currently accepted half-life of 5,730 ± 40 years. Second, smaller and smaller quantities of material can be measured with increasing accuracy. It allows one to roughly estimate the age of the death of a piece of wood (or whatever organic material one has). But the “± 40 years” subtracts from the precision—and this uncertainty is further increased by the gradual recognition that the quantities of radiocarbon in the atmosphere have changed over time. Thus, merely measuring the half-life and projecting a date based on that is insufficient, as these variations must be taken into account. 053For historical events and objects, such calculated dates (relying on calibrated radiocarbon dating) can now be so unnervingly precise that they invite skepticism. For example, one recently proposed radiocarbon date for the volcanic eruption at Thera in the Aegean is 1613 ± 13 B.C.E. This new radiocarbon date means that there is an extremely high probability (98 percent) that the eruption took place between 1600 and 1627 B.C.E. However, many archaeologists would prefer it be decades or even a century later! For earlier times, the time scale is unsettlingly vague and measured in terms of B.P. (Before Present, which in practice is set at 1950 C.E.) rather than calendar years C.E. or B.C.E. The uncertainty for these dates is high because both radiocarbon and thermoluminescence estimate a measurable atomic decay, and, thus, error margins are inevitable. However, for the past few thousand years, we can use dendrochronology—counting tree-rings (one by one, lining up trunk after trunk) of long-lived bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California—in order to improve radiocarbon dating. Measuring the radiocarbon data from any specific ring gives an isotope value hinting at how much radiocarbon has been degraded since the tree-ring formed (and 054stopped absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere). Since the quantities of radiocarbon (14C) in the atmosphere have changed but the number of rings (even when lining up several trees) is certain, it means that one ring has been precisely dated. Using calculations, the real age of the wood can be used to “calibrate” the radiocarbon dates of objects found anywhere else on earth. Thus the earliest written materials (clay tablets) in Mesopotamia can be dated by the wood associated with them, and, according to the most recent calibrations, this works out to about 3500 B.C.E. (± 40 years or so with a 95 percent probability). Yet the clay tablets were rubbish by the time they were thrown into the context where the wood was, so writing was probably invented sometime well before 3500 B.C.E. Unfortunately, however, writing was invented in Mesopotamia for accounting purposes and used only to record historical data and poetry centuries later. Thus, the historical period begins around the mid-third millennium B.C.E. (and not with the invention of writing a millennium earlier). Since the Egyptians and the Mesopotamians had already recognized the concept of a year by the beginning of the third millennium B.C.E., we can reference dates, usually defined in terms of the reigns of kings. However, the years were not real solar years; the Egyptians used a year of 360 and/or 365 days, while the Mesopotamians used a year with lunar months where they introduced an intercalary month whenever necessary to bring the months and years back into line. The problem is that lunar months are either 29 or 30 days long, so a lunar year of 12 lunar months gives a year of some 354 days. Simplifying to 30-day months solves nothing since the resulting year of 360 days corresponds to neither real lunar months nor a full solar year. A sidereal solar year marks the point when the sun returns to the same position with respect to the fixed stars, but it does not correspond to a number of days divided by an integer, 055and thus the methods of the Bronze Age Near East proved inadequate at measuring a year. The Egyptians experimented with 360-day years until they discovered that more than five full days were missing. Adding five days was not enough since the sidereal solar year is 365.25636 days, and thus the Egyptians were missing a bit more than a quarter of a day—and the Mesopotamians around ten full days (depending on whether lunar month years or 360-day years were used). The Mesopotamians adopted the principle of inserting an intercalary month—an occasional corrective period of time added to a year—when the calendar became out of sync with the seasons. The Egyptians simply observed the fixed stars and ceased to try to alter their calendar. Neither method was useful for creating a system with continuously reliable year-lengths. Ultimately, the system was solved. The most important developments came when the Greek scientist Hipparchus (190–120 B.C.E.) realized the nature and importance of a sidereal year, and the Roman ruler Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.) introduced a calendar compatible with it. But this did not stop experimentation. The Jewish calendar still uses intercalary months, and the Islamic calendar dispenses with them, keeping exclusively lunar months and thus annually “losing” weeks with respect to the solar year. The traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar has also spawned a wealth of other calendars trying to link the sun, moon, and stars. None of these calendars is really practical—but until recently, there was no adequate means of measuring the year. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians composed lists of kings and dated years according to the reign of the king. Although some of these copies are unreliable or not able to be linked to other sequences, usually, with enough data from inscriptions, we can estimate the lengths of the mentioned reigns. There are also several other relatively important written sources for the history of this period, such as the so-called eponym lists from Mesopotamia that give the names of a long series of officials who are each associated with a single year (a precursor of the Roman system of consuls). This allows a sequence to be established and linked to other lists, kings, and events. Also relevant are the building inscriptions of various Assyrian kings, some of whom declared that they had repaired or rebuilt a temple—and informed us who had done so previously and when. The various lists can be used with caution, but they are not reliable sources from which to copy dates. Using a combination of all these possibilities, we can estimate roughly the dates—within a range of about a century or so—for the kings of Mesopotamia and Egypt in the third millennium B.C.E. Fortunately, we have occasional astronomical observations in written records from around the end of the third millennium B.C.E. onward, and thanks to NASA, we now possess relatively reliable data about the visibility of lunar and solar eclipses in the past few thousand years. These various sources allow us to propose some precise dates for certain events, but there is no agreement, let alone a consensus, on the matter. In principle, the king lists, the astronomical observations, the relative chronologies of the pottery, and the dendrochronological and occasional radiocarbon dates should offer some kind of certainty. In fact, at the present moment, the entire chronology for the archaeology of Western Asia, Egypt, and the Eastern Mediterranean for the first half of the second millennium B.C.E. is still a matter of debate. In Egypt, it is a matter of decades (of whether Dynasty 12 began early or late in the 20th century B.C.E.); for the Late Minoan I period in the Aegean and the Old Babylonian period in Mesopotamia, it is a difference of up to a century. The dust really begins to settle only in the second half of the second millennium—and here it is our luck that we have the letters exchanged between the kings of the Near East—letters found in the capitals of the Hittites in Anatolia and the Egyptians at Amarna. First of all, we have the rough guides of the various dynasties, and we have rough dates concerning certain wars between Elam, Babylon, Assyria, Mittani, and Hatti. And then we have the letters exchanged between the kings; since the Assyrian king Aššur-uballiṭ actually corresponded with Akhenaten in Egypt, the two were contemporaries, and their reigns can be narrowed down to the second half of the 14th century B.C.E.—along with a series of other Egyptian, Mittani, Hittite, Babylonian, and Assyrian kings who lived at roughly the same time. In the same fashion, the letters exchanged between Ramesses II of Egypt 077and the Hittite kings mean that we can date Shalmaneser I of Assyria, as well as Murshili and Muwatalli of the Hittites, and Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria. They all lived late in the 13th century. As we gradually increase the precision of the dates for the earlier part of the second millennium B.C.E., we will probably be able to extend the reach and meaning of what has been called the historical era. With improved understanding of events in the second half of the third millennium, we would be able to take our knowledge of history back to the beginning of the period for which we can practice historiography seriously (in the sense of using written documents that convey useful historical information). Yet, even in more recent times, this promise of clarity is eclipsed by a dark age of several centuries after the end of the Near Eastern Bronze Age, c. 1200 B.C.E. When the light returns, Israel has fallen (c. 720 B.C.E.), and Jerusalem is threatened by the Assyrians (c. 700 B.C.E.). For Mesopotamian and Egyptian chronology, we have lists of kings and events that allow us to confirm that the Biblical narratives are in agreement with historical events known elsewhere from around 700 B.C.E. onward. A hundred and fifty years later, the Athenians are minting tetradrachmas, and by the fourth century B.C.E., several kingdoms are issuing coins that can be dated to rulers and events in their reigns. Thus, in the case of a house in Babylonia, we found a cuneiform tablet dating to the reign of Darius I of Persia (c. 550–486 B.C.E.) in a foundation trench, a coin of Alexander the Great (356–323 B.C.E.) on a wall, and coins dating to the decades after his death (as far as 311 B.C.E.) above the rubble of the walls. The tablet was obviously discarded rubbish by the time it ended up in the foundations, and the building itself was built much later. The coins above the building were in good shape and probably new; the building probably ceased to exist around the time of Alexander. This meant that the building was erected well after the end of the sixth century and in ruins by the end of the fourth century. The Roman system of dating was chaotic (with irregular years, counting by consuls, etc.). Yet despite their chaotic calendars, precision increases enormously with the Romans who issued clearly dated coins for centuries. The range of coins in a given hoard may cover centuries, but the final coin may be a reasonable approximation of the date of the event (as coins will be hidden when a threat is approaching). Shortly thereafter (with the subversion of the Roman Empire by an oriental sect, a.k.a., Christianity), a calendar was introduced that effectively offered a compatible means of dating ancient and modern documents around the world. The Jewish Anno Mundi system is similar, but more modest, since it relates to the age of the earth rather than a particular dynasty. Before this concept of a universal calendar, years were dated individually according to a reigning king or emperor, and at best, the lists recorded the names of all of the kings in history. But this was always problematic. 078The introduction of the Christian Calendar changed things. Calculations allow our calendar to be used to date Chinese and Islamic kings and dynasties—as well as our own history—and to project our own dates back into early historic and prehistoric times as I have described here. One minor remaining challenge is that the Gregorian and Julian calendars have both remained in use, so that the Christian Church may have the same year, but there is a gap of some two weeks between the calendar dates used in the calendars (due to different opinions about how to integrate a regular calendar based on days with a sidereal solar year of 365.24 days—and thus incompatible with the specific number of integers, as we require for our daily use). However, in practice, the Chinese, Hindus, Jews, and Muslims (etc.) have all adopted the calendar propagated by Pope Gregory XIII in October 1582. Only the Orthodox Christians—and the few of us dealing with ancient chronology—regularly turn to the Julian calendar. Those of us studying ancient chronology and dating will continue to fumble with the hands of time, but collectively, one day we may be able to synchronize our ancient chronologies, achieving a precise idea of which events happened when and where. With the means described here, we have already come far closer to the goal of creating a chronological skeleton for history. Dating is one of the most important aspects of the archaeological world. In the first article of a new series called Biblical Archaeology 101, discover the difference between relative and absolute dating, and learn about the many techniques archaeologists use to date sites, people, objects, and historical events.

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GENEVA, Aug 8 – Land is already under growing human pressure and climate change is adding to these pressures. At the same time, keeping global warming to well below 2ºC can be achieved only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors including land and food, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said in its latest report on Thursday. The IPCC, the world body for assessing the state of scientific knowledge related to climate change, its impacts and potential future risks, and possible response options, saw the Summary for Policymakers of the Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) approved by the world’s governments on Wednesday in Geneva, Switzerland. It will be a key scientific input into forthcoming climate and environment negotiations, such as the Conference of the Parties of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (COP14) in New Delhi, India in September and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Santiago, Chile, in December. “Governments challenged the IPCC to take the first ever comprehensive look at the whole land-climate system. We did this through many contributions from experts and governments worldwide. This is the first time in IPCC report history that a majority of authors – 53% – are from developing countries,” said Hoesung Lee, Chair of the IPCC. This report shows that better land management can contribute to tackling climate change, but is not the only solution. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors is essential if global warming is to be kept to well below 2ºC, if not 1.5oC. In 2015, governments backed the Paris Agreement goal of strengthening the global response to climate change by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2ºC above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5ºC. Land must remain productive to maintain food security as the population increases and the negative impacts of climate change on vegetation increase. This means there are limits to the contribution of land to addressing climate change, for instance through the cultivation of energy crops and afforestation. It also takes time for trees and soils to store carbon effectively. Bioenergy needs to be carefully managed to avoid risks to food security, biodiversity and land degradation. Desirable outcomes will depend on locally appropriate policies and governance systems. Land is a critical resource Climate Change and Land finds that the world is best placed to tackle climate change when there is an overall focus on sustainability. “Land plays an important role in the climate system,” said Jim Skea, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group III. “Agriculture, forestry and other types of land use account for 23% of human greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time natural land processes absorb carbon dioxide equivalent to almost a third of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and industry,” he said. The report shows how managing land resources sustainably can help address climate change, said Hans-Otto Pörtner, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II. “Land already in use could feed the world in a changing climate and provide biomass for renewable energy, but early, far-reaching action across several areas is required” he said. “Also for the conservation and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity.” Desertification and land degradation When land is degraded, it becomes less productive, restricting what can be grown and reducing the soil’s ability to absorb carbon. This exacerbates climate change, while climate change in turn exacerbates land degradation in many different ways. “The choices we make about sustainable land management can help reduce and in some cases reverse these adverse impacts,” said Kiyoto Tanabe, Co-Chair of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. “In a future with more intensive rainfall the risk of soil erosion on croplands increases, and sustainable land management is a way to protect communities from the detrimental impacts of this soil erosion and landslides. However there are limits to what can be done, so in other cases degradation might be irreversible,” he said. Roughly 500 million people live in areas that experience desertification. Drylands and areas that experience desertification are also more vulnerable to climate change and extreme events including drought, heatwaves, and dust storms, with an increasing global population providing further pressure. The report sets out options to tackle land degradation, and prevent or adapt to further climate change. It also examines potential impacts from different levels of global warming. “New knowledge shows an increase in risks from dryland water scarcity, fire damage, permafrost degradation and food system instability, even for global warming of around 1.5°C,” said Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group I. “Very high risks related to permafrost degradation and food system instability are identified at 2°C of global warming,” she said. Coordinated action to address climate change can simultaneously improve land, food security and nutrition, and help to end hunger. The report highlights that climate change is affecting all four pillars of food security: availability (yield and production), access (prices and ability to obtain food), utilization (nutrition and cooking), and stability (disruptions to availability). “Food security will be increasingly affected by future climate change through yield declines – especially in the tropics – increased prices, reduced nutrient quality, and supply chain disruptions,” said Priyadarshi Shukla, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group III. “We will see different effects in different countries, but there will be more drastic impacts on low-income countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean,” he said. The report records that about one third of food produced is lost or wasted. Causes of food loss and waste differ substantially between developed and developing countries, as well as between regions. Reducing this loss and waste would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve food security. “Some dietary choices require more land and water, and cause more emissions of heat-trapping gases than others,” said Debra Roberts, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group II. “Balanced diets featuring plant-based foods, such as coarse grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables, and animal-sourced food produced sustainably in low greenhouse gas emission systems, present major opportunities for adaptation to and limiting climate change,” she said. The report finds that there are ways to manage risks and reduce vulnerabilities in land and the food system. Risk management can enhance communities’ resilience to extreme events, which has an impact on food systems.. This can be the result of dietary changes or ensuring a variety of crops to prevent further land degradation and increase resilience to extreme or varying weather. Reducing inequalities, improving incomes, and ensuring equitable access to food so that some regions (where land cannot provide adequate food) are not disadvantaged, are other ways to adapt to the negative effects of climate change. There are also methods to manage and share risks, some of which are already available, such as early warning systems. An overall focus on sustainability coupled with early action offers the best chances to tackle climate change. This would entail low population growth and reduced inequalities, improved nutrition and lower food waste. This could enable a more resilient food system and make more land available for bioenergy, while still protecting forests and natural ecosystems. However, without early action in these areas, more land would be required for bioenergy, leading to challenging decisions about future land-use and food security. “Policies that support sustainable land management, ensure the supply of food for vulnerable populations, and keep carbon in the ground while reducing greenhouse gas emissions are important,” said Eduardo Calvo, Co-Chair of the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Land and climate change responses Policies that are outside the land and energy domains, such as on transport and environment , can also make a critical difference to tackling climate change. Acting early is more cost-effective as it avoids losses. “There are things we are already doing. We are using technologies and good practices, but they do need to be scaled up and used in other suitable places that they are not being used in now,” said Panmao Zhai, Co-Chair of IPCC Working Group I. “There is real potential here through more sustainable land use, reducing over-consumption and waste of food, eliminating the clearing and burning of forests, preventing over-harvesting of fuelwood, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thus helping to address land related climate change issues,” he said. About the Report The report’s full name is Climate Change and Land, an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It is one of three special reports that the IPCC is preparing during the current Sixth Assessment Report cycle. The report was prepared under the scientific leadership of all three IPCC Working Groups in cooperation with the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and supported by the Working Group III Technical Support Unit. For more information, contact: IPCC Press Office, Email: [email protected] Werani Zabula, + 41 22 730 8120, Nina Peeva, + 41 22 730 8142 IPCC Working Group III Technical Support Unit: Sigourney Luz, +44 20 7594 7377 Follow IPCC on Facebook, Twitter , LinkedIn and Instagram Notes for editors Special Report on Climate Change and Land Climate Change and Land is the second in a series of Special Reports to be produced in the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Cycle. The report was prepared under the joint scientific leadership of all three IPCC Working Groups in cooperation with the Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, with support from the Working Group III Technical Support Unit. The Summary for Policymakers presents the key findings of the Special Report, based on the assessment of the available scientific, technical and socio-economic literature relevant to climate change and land. Key statistics of the Special Report on Climate Change and Land The report was prepared by 107 experts from 52 countries who acted as: - 15 Coordinating Lead Authors - 71 Lead Authors - 21 Review Editors This is the first IPCC report in which a majority of the authors (53%) are from developing countries. Women account for 40% of the Coordinating Lead Authors. The author team drew on the contributions of 96 Contributing Authors; included over 7,000 cited references in the report; and considered a total of 28,275 expert and government review comments (First Order Draft 10,401; Second Order Draft 14,831; Final Government Draft: 3,043). What is the IPCC? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the UN body for assessing the science related to climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide policymakers with regular scientific assessments concerning climate change, its implications and potential future risks, as well as to put forward adaptation and mitigation strategies. In the same year, the UN General Assembly endorsed the action by the WMO and UNEP in jointly establishing the IPCC. It has 195 member states. IPCC assessments provide governments, at all levels, with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies. IPCC assessments are a key input into the international negotiations to tackle climate change. IPCC reports are drafted and reviewed in several stages, thus guaranteeing objectivity and transparency. The IPCC assesses the thousands of scientific papers published each year to tell policymakers what we know and don’t know about the risks related to climate change. The IPCC identifies where there is agreement in the scientific community, where there are differences of opinion, and where further research is needed. It does not conduct its own research. To produce its reports, the IPCC mobilizes hundreds of scientists. These scientists and officials are drawn from diverse backgrounds. Only a dozen permanent staff work in the IPCC’s Secretariat. The IPCC has three working groups: Working Group I, dealing with the physical science basis of climate change; Working Group II, dealing with impacts, adaptation and vulnerability; and Working Group III, dealing with the mitigation of climate change. It also has a Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories that develops methodologies for estimating emissions and removals. IPCC Assessment Reports consist of contributions from each of the three working groups and a Synthesis Report. Special Reports undertake an assessment of cross-disciplinary issues that span more than one working group and are shorter and more focused than the main assessments. Sixth Assessment Cycle At its 41st Session in February 2015, the IPCC decided to produce a Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). At its 42nd Session in October 2015 it elected a new Bureau that would oversee the work on this report and Special Reports to be produced in the assessment cycle. At its 43rd Session in April 2016, it decided to produce three Special Reports, a Methodology Report and AR6. The IPCC decided at its 43rd session in Nairobi, Kenya (11-13 April 2016) to prepare the report after member states and observer organizations were asked to submit views on potential themes for Special Reports during the current Sixth Assessment Report cycle. Nine clusters were considered on different themes, including land, cities, and oceans. The Special Report on Climate Change and Land represents the second largest cluster and covers 7 proposals from member states and observer organizations that related to land. Last year the IPCC released the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, which looked at global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change. In September 2019 the IPCC will release the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. It delivered a Methodology Report, the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, in May 2019. The 2019 Refinement provides an updated scientific basis for supporting the preparation of national greenhouse gas inventories. Over 280 scientists and experts worked on the 2019 Refinement to produce many changes to the general guidance as well as methodologies for four sectors: energy; industrial processes and product use; agriculture, forestry and other land use; and waste. The AR6 Synthesis Report will be finalized in the first half of 2022, following the three working group contributions to AR6 in 2021. The IPCC will prepare a special report on climate change and cities in the next assessment cycle. All reports in the current cycle include a stronger integration of the assessment on the impacts of climate change on cities and their unique adaptation and mitigation opportunities. For more information, including links to the IPCC reports, go to: www.ipcc.ch

https://www.ipcc.ch/2019/08/08/land-is-a-critical-resource_srccl/

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If you’re thinking of adding a dog to your family, there are now two reasons to go on with it. A new study has found that being exposed to pets from a young age lowers the risk of obesity and results in fewer allergies. Scientists say that dogs, in particular, expose children to dirt and bacteria early in life, which creates early immunity, Daily mail reports. The study, conducted at the University of Alberta, in Canada, looked at more than 700 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study, whose mothers were enrolled during pregnancy between 2009 and 2012. The mothers were asked to indicate whether they owned a pet at enrollment, during the second or third trimester, and three months after birth. Infant gut microbiotas were studied from fecal samples collected around three months old. The researchers compared whether the babies were exposed only during pregnancy, or both pre-and postnatally, to no pet exposure. It was discovered that over half of the studied infants were exposed to at least one furry pet in the pre- and/or postnatal periods, with 70 percent being dogs. Researchers found that pre- and postnatal pet exposure enriched the amount of two types of bacteria in the gut with more than a twofold greater likelihood of high abundance. Ruminococcus and Oscillospira have been linked with reducing childhood allergies and obesity, respectively. ‘The abundance of these two bacteria were increased twofold when there was a pet in the house,’ said Dr. Anita Kozyrskyj, a University of Alberta pediatric epidemiologist. She added that pet exposure was shown to affect the gut microbiome indirectly – from dog to mother to unborn baby during pregnancy as well as during the first three months of the baby’s life. In other words, even if the dog had been given away for adoption just before the mother gave birth, the healthy microbiome exchange could still take place. The study also found that having pets at home reduced the likelihood of the transmission of vaginal GBS (group B Strep) during birth. The bacteria can cause pneumonia in newborns and is prevented by giving antibiotics to the mother during delivery. Past research has shown that pets are beneficial to human health in a number of ways. Several studies have shown spending just a few minutes with a furry friend can lower anxiety and blood pressure and increase levels of serotonin and dopamine, two neurochemicals that play roles in producing feelings of calm and well-being. And a study from the American Psychological Association found that pet owners over age 65 make 30 percent fewer visits to the doctor. Although the researchers say it’s too early to predict how the findings will play a role in the future, Dr. Kozyrskyj doesn’t rule out the concept of a ‘dog in a pill’ as a preventive tool for allergies and obesity. ‘It’s not far-fetched that the pharmaceutical industry will try to create a supplement of these microbiomes, much like was done with probiotics,’ she said.

http://www.herald.ng/two-reasons-loving-dogs-good-

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Recently, a study presented at the congress of the Heart Failure Association suggests that non-carriers of O blood group have a slightly higher risk of heart failure. The research was based on a review of 11 studies into blood groups and heart disease. Over 1.3 million people were involved in the studies. Based on the analysis of fatal coronary events, the researchers found a slight difference between people with O and non-O blood groups, The Cable Nigeria reports. 15 in 1000 people with a non-O blood group experienced a heart attack, compared to 14 in 1000 people with blood group O. The researchers said while more study is needed to gain a further understanding of the differences in risk, a possible explanation is that non-O group carriers have more of a blood clotting agent that is associated with extra cardiovascular risk. Mike Knapton, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, told WebMD that the findings will not have a “large impact on the current guidelines used to assess someone’s risk of a heart attack”. “These estimations are calculated based on commonly used and widely accepted heart disease risk factors. “Most of a person’s risk estimation is determined by age, genetics (family history and ethnicity) and other modifiable risk factors including diet, weight, the level of physical activity, smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes. “People with a non-O blood group type – AO, BO and AB – need to take the same steps as anyone wanting to reduce their CVD risk. “That includes taking sensible steps to improve their diet, weight, level of physical activity and not smoking, and where needed, manage blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes.” The findings have yet to be presented in a peer-reviewed journal.

http://www.herald.ng/blood-type-may-increase-risk-heart-

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A few years ago, virtual reality (VR) in education was too far out in left field to even be considered feasible. It was too futuristic. The high cost of technology prevented using its capabilities to the full. The early 60s saw the first device capable of creating a thorough virtual reality experience. Technology stalled. VR could only dramatically evolve with the appearance of specific VR helmets for a thriving gaming industry. But now, virtual reality in education shows great promise. VR presents information in a way that aids perception through a three-dimensional model. When students need to digest huge portions of information, VR helps. No other technology today comes close to VR in significantly improving and simplifying the education process. How can VR be used in education? The list of use cases for virtual reality in education is impressively long. Virtual reality creates the ideal learning environment. A virtual model with a high degree of accuracy opens doors to using VR in training and educating high-quality specialists in various fields: aviation, medicine, engineering, technical maintenance, etc. Students can use virtual reality to do things that are either dangerous or completely impossible in the real world: - interact with objects and work out required skills to manage complex equipment - take tours to the Ancient World or take part in the Battle of Trafalgar - travel inside the human body to study its structure - conduct laboratory classes and practical lessons in the virtual world …and so much more via training programs based on VR technology. Special attention should definitely be paid to the quality of visualization. VR images must absolutely be realistic. What are the advantages of virtual reality for teaching and learning? One of the most important benefits of using VR in education and training is great student participation. When students are fully engaged in the learning process, we witness tremendous beneficial results. In a nutshell, one lesson in the virtual world successfully replaces dozens of standard ones. Students are easily distracted. According to research, students spend 20% of their classroom time absorbed in their mobile devices that has nothing to do with their studies. This means smartphones distract students’ attention from studies. VR technologies contribute to a better learning environment because students no longer waste time staring at their smartphones. Instead, they are fully engaged with VR gadgets. In modern multicultural societies, language differences can be a challenge. Students with an eye on studying abroad need to have in-depth knowledge of a foreign language to fully understand the material. Virtual reality enables built-in translations. Poof! Most obstacles between students and their educational goals disappear. VR technologies leave traditional classroom techniques in the dust. VR helps students discover various realities and gain applicable learning experiences. Using VR devices, students better understand educational visualizations. This greatly enhances the entire learning process. VR in higher education helps students clearly understand complicated ideas and new theories and concepts. Using VR, digesting and retaining complex information is easier, more efficient and more fun. A positive learning environment means a solid basis leading to better achievements in learning. Virtual reality in education and training is the perfect tool for students who strive to obtain as much knowledge from their classes as possible and apply it in the future. Examples of VR in education Many educational institutions adopt VR apps to boost educational and training processes. Many of these apps are readily available through VR app stores. Here is our list of the most remarkable solutions. See some of the VR apps in education below: 1 Discovery VR Discovery channel uses virtual reality to provide a new immersive communication channel for its audience. Discovery channel viewers enjoy exclusive 360-degree videos via a special VR app. They watch content related to wild nature, environmental problems, space adventures, culture and history, and more. Users can save videos to their lists, download or stream them, pick up from where they were previously watching, or start watching a new video automatically. The app is available for DayDream, Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR, and of course, Google Cardboard. An amazing app with 3D, 360° images from all over the world and myriad marvelous locations to experience. Among them, users can find Rockefeller Center, the Pyramids, Sydney Opera House, the Northern Lights, etc. They can virtually teleport to the location right onto the place where the photographer was. With static pictures and simple navigation, Orbulus suits users who have just started exploring virtual reality apps. The app development team also encourages cooperation with photographers and enthusiasts to promote virtual reality through images. 3 Bosch VR This application is a perfect opportunity for art lovers to get acquainted with the charming world of “The Garden of Earthly Delights” by the famous Dutch painter, Hieronymus Bosch. The app was devoted to Bosch’s 500th anniversary helping users discover his most famous painting in minute detail. Users enjoy a 3D-trip to Bosch’s world riding a flying fish and his distinct perception of heaven and hell. Although only the “heaven” part of the app is free, users can unlock “hell” for a small price. Contact our VR development team to discuss your project This is a Minecraft-like app designed to redefine the studies of the nanoworld. Users of Nanome manipulate atoms designing macromolecules in real time then study and modify the result. The app is aimed at boosting scientific research by freeing the human brain from imagining and describing complex concepts. Instead, users can focus on collaboration and creativity. Nanome suits both learning and research. It helps understand and interact with visualized molecules. Possible fields of application include pharmaceutical industry, medicine, organic chemistry, biology and more—particularly everything related to molecular studies. 5 Anne Frank House VR Force Field Entertainment, a large VR / AR development studio, has carefully restored Anne Frank’s diary to the tiniest detail to let users not only read but to experience history. Visit the secret annex where Anne and her family hid from the Nazis. The tour takes about 25 minutes and is accompanied with Anne’s story. Select from one of seven languages. The entire tour was initially designed for people with limited mobility who might find it challenging to climb up to the secret rooms on the second floor. Now it is available free of charge in the Oculus Store. Several organizations worldwide use this for educational purposes. 6 Rome Reborn: Flight over Ancient Rome With this app, you can explore Ancient Rome in virtual reality. Choose one of 35 locations on the map then teleport via a balloon flight to the selected location and enjoy Rome sightseeing accompanied by an expert commentary. This app is a perfect fit for those who want to tour a city that no longer exists. Ideal for students to summarize and review what they have learned in the class. Rome Reborn is distinguished by its precise reconstruction of the ancient city although a higher degree of interactivity would be a pleasant option. Yet, those who seek a more interactive app will be excited about other company’s apps such as The Roman Forum and Basilica of Maxentius. 7 Kolb Antarctica Experience This VR app was initially designed to help students gain more awareness of the Antarctic world. The app implements Kolb’s methods of experiential learning encouraging students to achieve deeper knowledge of the topic. Using the app, students get an overview of a day of an Antarctic scientist. When the app starts, a student sees a snowy landscape while listening to an introduction why studying is significant and what activities take place. Students are tasked with taking a snapshot of penguins to expand the data collection. After they have completed the task, students can have a little walk around and enjoy the landscape. 8 Virtual Speech VR This app provides an opportunity for speech training in realistic scenarios. Use this app as part of an online course designed by VirtualSpeech startup. Or, use it as a stand-alone app for in-person training. Users can upload their presentations, choose one of several training scenarios, and start practicing. When the session ends, users get feedback on their speech, including eye contact, speech rate, length, etc., insight and audience perception. Another feature is audience reaction when speaking. This helps develop confidence and decrease any level of anxiety. 9 3D Organon VR Anatomy This app provides an astonishingly comprehensive atlas of the human body. When users launch the app, they can see a human model in a room, a menu with anatomic systems to choose from (skeleton, muscles, nervous system, etc.) and descriptions of the chosen elements. Users can manipulate parts of body extracting them from the model and putting them aside to get a closer look inside the body. Or, they can hold them in their hands and view them from every angle to understand key anatomical concepts. 3D Organon VR Anatomy supports all major VR platforms. Also, it is available in both single- and multi-user modes making this VR app available for the classroom. How can VR be used in education? Virtual reality is THE perfect match for education and training. VR educational applications and educational simulations prove to be extremely successful according to several research studies. There are many reasons to use VR in education. All the educator needs is to define when and where it is expedient to apply this new technology. Virtual reality-based future of education seems to have great possibilities. VR uses are obviously going to increase over the next few years. Virtual reality improves good, old-fashioned teaching concepts, so the VR impact in education will definitely grow. VR makes the learning process an efficient, engaging, and enjoyable activity. you may also like Thanks for such comprehensive list. Virtual Reality IS the future of education. What hardware do you suggest to use for educational VR apps? Thank you for your commentary. There is probably no right answer on your question; everything depends on your budget. Although in my opinion, I would favor to Oculus Rift because it works with PC, I love its controllers, and Oculus Rift has an established app store. You might find extra information in this post: https://www.tomsguide.com/us/best-vr-headsets,review-3550.html Virtual Reality for education is a great topic but most of the apps on your list lack consistency and some of them are boring. It will take much time until we get something. Nigel. Thanks for your notion. Partially, I agree with your opinion because many of VR apps are MVPs and have 1-2 key features onboard. They have been launched to test user interest rather than provide with comprehensive feature list because VR development is an expensive activity. However, many of VR apps have proved to wake interest among users and developers keep improving successful apps adding new features. Also to add here that apps that are based on a strong idea for example, Anne Frank House cannot be boring. I have recently bought Oculus Go. Can you suggest a VR app to start with? Ann I suppose you have not tried VR helmets. Hence, I would recommend you to test VQR app: https://www.oculus.com/experiences/rift/1269884236472140/. With its help, you will measure your sensitivity to VR in particular dizziness. You will know how far you can go with VR. Hope this answer will help you. Leave a Reply

https://invisible.toys/virtual-reality-in-education/

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A stroke is a life-threatening condition that happens when part of your brain doesn’t have enough blood flow. This commonly happens because of a blocked artery or bleeding in your brain. Without a steady supply of blood, the brain cells in that area start to die from a lack of oxygen. IMPORTANT: A stroke is a life-threatening emergency condition where every second counts. If you or someone with you has symptoms of a stroke, IMMEDIATELY call 911 (or your local emergency services number). The quicker stroke is treated, the more likely you’ll recover without disability. To recognize the warning signs of a stroke, remember to think BE FAST: - B. Be watchful for a sudden loss of balance. - E. Look out for sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes. Are they experiencing double vision? - F. Ask the person to smile. Look for a droop on one or both sides of their face, which is a sign of muscle weakness or paralysis. - A. A person having a stroke often has muscle weakness on one side. Ask them to raise their arms. If they have one-sided weakness (and didn’t have it before), one arm will stay higher while the other will sag and drop downward. - S. Strokes often cause a person to lose their ability to speak. They might slur their speech or have trouble choosing the right words. - T. Time is critical, so don’t wait to get help! If possible, look at your watch or a clock and remember when symptoms start. Telling a healthcare provider when symptoms started can help the provider know what treatment options are best for you. Table of Contents What are the signs & symptoms of stroke The loss of blood flow to the brain damages tissues within the brain. Symptoms of a stroke show up in the body parts controlled by the damaged areas of the brain. The sooner a person having a stroke gets care, the better their outcome is likely to be. For this reason, it’s helpful to know the signs of stroke so you can act quickly. Stroke symptoms can include: - numbness or weakness in the arm, face, and leg, especially on one side of the body - trouble speaking or understanding others - slurred speech - confusion, disorientation, or lack of responsiveness - sudden behavioral changes, especially increased agitation - vision problems, such as trouble seeing in one or both eyes with vision blackened or blurred, or double vision - trouble walking - loss of balance or coordination - severe, sudden headache with an unknown - nausea or vomiting A stroke requires immediate medical attention. If you think you or someone else is having a stroke, call 911 or local emergency services right away. Prompt treatment is key to preventing the following outcomes: - brain damage - long-term disability It’s better to be overly cautious when dealing with a stroke, so don’t be afraid to get emergency medical help if you think you recognize the signs of a stroke. What are the types of stroke There are two main causes of stroke: a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or leaking or bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Some people may have only a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA), that doesn’t cause lasting symptoms. Ischemia stroke is when cells don’t get enough blood flow to supply them with oxygen. This usually happens because something blocks blood vessels in your brain, cutting off blood flow. Ischemic strokes are the most common and account for about 80% of all strokes. Ischemic strokes usually happen in one of the following ways: - Formation of a clot in your brain (thrombosis. - A fragment of a clot that formed elsewhere in your body that breaks free and travels through your blood vessels until it gets stuck in your brain (embolism). - Small vessel blockage (lacunar stroke), which can happen when you have long-term, untreated high blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) or high blood sugar (Type 2 diabetes). - Unknown reasons (these are cryptogenic strokes; the word “cryptogenic” means “hidden origin”). Hemorrhagic stroke cause bleeding in or around your brain. This happens in one of two ways: - Bleeding inside of your brain (intracerebral). This happens when a blood vessel inside of your brain tears or breaks open, causing bleeding that puts pressure on the surrounding brain tissue. - Bleeding into the subarachnoid space (the space between your brain and its outer covering). The arachnoid membrane, a thin layer of tissue with a spiderweb-like pattern on it, surrounds your brain. The space between it and your brain is the subarachnoid space (“sub” means “under”). Damage to blood vessels that pass through the arachnoid membrane can cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage which is bleeding into the subarachnoid space, putting pressure on the brain tissue underneath. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) A transient ischemic attack (TIA) – sometimes known as a ministroke – is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those in a stroke. A TIA doesn’t cause permanent damage. A TIA is caused by a temporary decrease in blood supply to part of the brain, which may last as little as five minutes. Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris reduces or blocks blood flow to part of the nervous system. Seek emergency care even if you think you’ve had a TIA because your symptoms got better. It’s not possible to tell if you’re having a stroke or TIA based only on the symptoms. If you’ve had a TIA, it means you may have a partially blocked or narrowed artery leading to the brain. Having a TIA increases your risk of having a full-blown stroke later. You can also read about symptoms and types of heart failure What causes stroke Ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic strokes can happen for many reasons. Ischemic strokes usually happen because of blood clots. These can happen for various reasons, such as: - Clotting disorders. - Atrial fibrillation (especially when it happens due to sleep apnea). - Heart defects (atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect). - Microvascular ischemic disease (which can block smaller blood vessels in your brain). Hemorrhagic strokes can happen for several reasons also, including: - High blood pressure, especially when you have it for a long time, when it’s very high, or both. - Brain aneurysms can sometimes lead to hemorrhagic strokes. - Brain tumors (including cancer). - Diseases that weaken or cause unusual changes in blood vessels in your brain, such as moyamoya disease. Other related conditions Several other conditions and factors can contribute to a person’s stroke risk. These include: - Alcohol use disorder. - High blood pressure (this can play a role in all types of strokes, not just hemorrhagic ones because it can contribute to blood vessel damage that makes a stroke more likely). - High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia). - Migraine headaches (they can have symptoms similar to a stroke, and people with migraines especially migraines with auras – also have a higher risk of stroke at some point in their life). - Type 2 diabetes. - Smoking and other forms of tobacco use (including vaping and smokeless tobacco). - Drug misuse (including prescription and nonprescription drugs). Risk factors of stroke Certain risk factors make you more susceptible to stroke. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, risk factors for stroke include: An unbalanced diets can increase the risk of stroke. This type of diet is high in: - saturated fats - trans fats Inactivity, or lack of exercise, can also raise the risk of stroke. Regular exercise has a number of health benefits. The CDC recommends that adults get at least 2.5 hrs of aerobic exercise every week. This can mean simply a brisk walk a few times a week. Heavy alcohol use The risk of stroke also increases with heavy alcohol consumption. If you drink, drink in moderation. This means no more than one drink a day for women, and no more than two drinks a day for men. Heavy alcohol use can raise blood pressure levels. It can also raise triglycerides levels, which can cause atherosclerosis. This is plaque buildup in the arteries that narrows blood vessels. Using tobacco in any form also raises the risk of stroke, since it can damage the blood vessels and heart. Nicotine also raises blood pressure. There are some risk factors for stroke you can’t control, such as: - Family history. Stroke risk is higher in some families because of genetic health factors, such as high blood pressure. - Sex. According to the CDC, while both women and men can have strokes, they’re more common in women than in men in all age groups. - Age. The older you are, the more likely you are to have a stroke. - Race and ethnicity. African Americans, Alaska Natives, and American Indians are more likely to have a stroke than other racial groups. Certain medical conditions are linked to stroke risk. These include: - a previous stroke or TIA - high blood pressure - high cholesterol - carrying too much excess weight - heart disorders, such as coronary artery disease - heart valve defects - enlarged heart chambers and irregular heartbeats - sickle cell disease - blood clotting disorder - patent foramen ovale (PFO) To find out about your specific risk factors for stroke, talk with your doctor. You can also read about causes and risk factors of heart attack Complication of stroke A stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities, depending on how long the brain lacks blood flow and which part is affected. Complications may include: - Paralysis or loss of muscle movement. You may become paralyzed on one side of the body, or lose control of certain muscles, such as those on one side of the face or one arm. - Difficulty talking or swallowing. A stroke might affect control of the muscles in the mouth and throat, making it difficult for you to talk clearly, swallow or eat. You also may have difficulty with language, including speaking or understanding speech, reading, or writing. - Memory loss or thinking difficulties.Many people who have had strokes experience some memory loss. Others may have difficulty thinking, reasoning, making judgments and understanding concepts. - Emotional problems. People who have had strokes may have more difficulty controlling their emotions, or they may develop depression. - Pain. Pain, numbness or other unusual sensations may occur in the parts of the body affected by stroke. For example, if a stroke causes you to lose feeling in the left arm, you may develop an uncomfortable tingling sensation in that arm. - Changes in behavior and self-care ability.People who have had strokes may become more withdrawn. They may need help with grooming and daily chores. Prevention of stroke There are many things you can do to reduce your risk of having a stroke. While this doesn’t mean you can prevent a stroke, it can lower your risk. Actions you can take include: - Improve your lifestyle. Eating a healthy diet and adding exercise to your daily routine can improve your health. You should also make sure to get enough sleep (the recommended amount is seven to eight hours). - Avoid risky lifestyle choices or make changes to your behaviors. Smoking and tobacco use, including vaping, recreational drug use or prescription drug misuse, and alcohol misuse can all increase your risk of having a stroke. It’s important to stop these or never start them. If you struggle with any of these, talking to your healthcare provider is important. Your provider can offer you guidance and resources that can help you change your lifestyle to avoid these behaviors. - Manage your health conditions and risk factors. There are several conditions, such as obesity, abnormal heart rhythms, sleep apnea, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes or high cholesterol, which can increase your risk of having an ischemic stroke. If you have one or more of these conditions, it’s very important that you do what you can to manage them, especially by taking medications – such as blood thinners – as prescribed by your provider. Doing that earlier in life can you avoid severe stroke-related problems later in life. - See your primary care provider for a checkup or wellness visit annually. Yearly wellness visits can detect health problems especially ones that contribute to having a stroke – long before you feel any symptoms. If you’re at risk for any kind of stroke, your healthcare provider may recommend changing your diet to avoid increases in blood pressure. Examples of these include: - Beverages that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks, etc. - Foods that contain a lot of salt or sodium, which can increase blood pressure. - Foods that are high in saturated fats, such as fried foods, etc. - Alcohol or recreational stimulant drugs (cocaine, amphetamines/methamphetamine, etc.). You can also read about diagnosis and prevention of heart murmurs Diagnosis of stroke Your doctor will ask you or a family member about your symptoms and what you were doing when they arose. They’ll take your medical history to find out your stroke risk factors. They’ll also: - ask what medications you take - check your blood pressure - listen to your heart You’ll also have a physical exam, during which your doctor will evaluate you for: - numbness in your arms, face, or legs - signs of confusion - vision issues Your doctor will then do certain tests to help confirm a stroke diagnosis. These tests can help them determine whether you had a stroke and, if So: - what may have caused it - what part of the brain is affected - whether you have bleeding in the brain What tests will be done to diagnose stroke The most common tests that happen when a healthcare provider suspects a stroke include: - Computerized tomography (CT) scan. - Lab blood tests (looking for signs of infections or heart damage, checking clotting ability and blood sugar levels, testing how well kidneys and liver function, etc.). - Electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG) - to make sure that a heart issue isn’t the source of the problem. - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans - Electroencephalogram (EEG), though less common, can rule out seizures or related problems. Treatment of stroke Emergency treatment for stroke depends on whether you’re having an ischemic stroke or a stroke that involves bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic). To treat an ischemic stroke, doctors must quickly restore blood flow to the brain. This may be done with: - Emergency IV medication. Therapy with drugs that can break up a clot has to be given within 4.5 hours from when symptoms first started if given intravenously. The sooner these drugs are given, the better. Quick treatment not only improves your chances of survival but also may reduce complications. An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) – also called alteplase (Activase) or tenecteplase (TNKase) is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. An injection of TPA is usually given through a vein in the arm within the first three hours. Sometimes, TPA can be given up to 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms started. This drug restores blood flow by dissolving the blood clot causing the stroke. By quickly removing the cause of the stroke, it may help people recover more fully from a stroke. Your doctor will consider certain risks, such as potential bleeding in the brain, to determine whether TPA is appropriate for you. - Emergency endovascular procedures. Doctors sometimes treat ischemic strokes directly inside the blocked blood vessel. Endovascular therapy has been shown to significantly improve outcomes and reduce long-term disability after ischemic stroke. These procedures must be performed as soon as possible: - Medications delivered directly to the brain. Doctors insert a long, thin tube (catheter) through an artery in the groin and thread it to the brain to deliver TPA directly where the stroke is happening. The time window for this treatment is somewhat longer than for injected TPA but is still limited. - Removing the clot with a stent retriever. Doctors can use a device attached to a catheter to directly remove the clot from the blocked blood vessel in the brain. This procedure is particularly beneficial for people with large clots that can’t be completely dissolved with TPA. This procedure is often performed in combination with injected TPA. To decrease your risk of having another stroke or transient ischemic attack, your doctor may recommend a procedure to open up an artery that’s narrowed by plaque. Options vary depending on the situation, these can include: - Carotid endarterectomy. Carotid arteries are the blood vessels that run along each side of the neck, supplying the brain (carotid arteries) with blood. This surgery removes the plaque blocking a carotid artery and may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. A carotid endarterectomy also involves risks, especially for people with heart disease or other medical conditions. - Angioplasty and stents. In an angioplasty, a surgeon threads a catheter to the carotid arteries through an artery in the groin. A balloon is then inflated to expand the narrowed artery. Then a stent can be inserted to support the opened artery. Emergency treatment of hemorrhagic stroke focuses on controlling the bleeding and reducing pressure in the brain caused by the excess fluid. Treatment options include: - Emergency measures. If you take blood-thinning medications to prevent blood clots, you may be given drugs or transfusions of blood products to counteract the blood thinners’ effects. You may also be given drugs to lower the pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure), lower blood pressure, prevent spasms of the blood vessels and prevent seizures. - Surgery. If the area of bleeding is large, your doctor may perform surgery to remove the blood and relieve pressure on the brain. Surgery may also be used to repair blood vessel problems associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Your doctor may recommend one of these procedures after a stroke or if an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AM) or other type of blood vessel problem caused the hemorrhagic stroke. - Surgical clipping. A surgeon places a tiny clamp at the base of the aneurysm to stop blood flow to it. This clamp can keep the aneurysm from bursting, or it can keep an aneurysm that has recently hemorrhaged from bleeding again. - Coiling (endovascular embolization). Using a catheter inserted into an artery in the groin and guided to the brain, the surgeon will place tiny detachable coils into the aneurysm to fill it. This blocks blood flow into the aneurysm and causes blood to clot. - Surgical AVM removal. Surgeons may remove a smaller AM if it’s located in an accessible area of the brain. This eliminates the risk of rupture and lowers the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. However, it’s not always possible to remove an AVM if it’s located deep within the brain, it’s large, or its removal would cause too much of an impact on brain function. - Stereotactic radiosurgery. Using multiple beams of highly focused radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery is an advanced minimally invasive treatment used to repair blood vessel malformations.

https://medmichihealthcare.com/what-is-

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A sleep disorder is a condition that affects your sleep quality in different kinds of ways. It also affects your overall health, safety, and quality of life. There are different types of sleep disorders. Some major types include: - Insomnia – when you can’t fall or stay asleep. - Hypersomnia – when you’re constantly sleeping. - Narcolepsy – when you experience sudden powerful sleepiness. - Circadian Rhythm – when your sleep-wake cycle is disrupted. - Restless Leg Syndrome – when you feel like you have to move your legs at night. - Sleep apnea – when you stop breathing for a few seconds while sleeping. - Parasomnia – when you act in the usual ways when sleeping, such as talking, walking, or eating. Below are a few signs to know if you have a sleep disorder: - Daytime Sleepiness: This can be an early sign of sleep apnea issues. It can make you irritable and feel fatigued. - Drowsiness When Driving: This is a trademark of many sleep disorders, especially if you have a daily driving routine. - Weight Gain: Weight gain can be a sign of a metabolic disorder. Sleep disorders increase your risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. - High Blood Pressure: Sleep disorders can lead to elevated blood pressure which can increase your risk of heart attack and stroke. - Sleep Disruptions: You wake up several times each night and find it difficult to go back to sleep or you wake up too early in the morning. - Unhappy Partner: When your partner always complains that you snore loudly, snort, gasp, or make choking sounds when sleeping. - Muscle Weakness: If you have episodes of sudden muscle weakness when you are angry or fearful, or when you’re laughing, this could be a sign of sleep disorder. If you suspect that you may have a sleep disorder, discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider to help you examine and identify the sleep disorder. However, sleeping on a comfortable mattress is also one of the most intentional ways to tackle sleep disorders.

https://www.wincofoam.com/how-to-know-you-have-a-sleep-disorder/

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What is Sub-Saharan Africa The region of the African continent south of the Sahara Desert is referred to as sub-Saharan Africa. Geographically, the Sahara Desert’s southern boundary serves as the dividing line. The exceptionally severe environment of the sparsely inhabited Sahara has effectively divided the north and sub-Saharan areas of Africa since the end of the last ice age, producing an effective barrier only broken by the Nile River. Both culturally and geographically, the areas are unique. The dark-skinned populations south of the Sahara were more isolated from the rest of the world than those in the north, where Arab culture and Islam had a greater effect. The traditional depiction of the north as above and the south as below is consistent with the current term sub-Saharan. Equatorial Africa and Tropical Africa are two other names used nowadays to describe the region’s unique environment. But in a strict interpretation, Southern Africa would be excluded because the majority of it is located beyond the Tropics. Sub-Saharan Africa Geography With the majority of the continent having remained in its current location for more than 550 million years, Africa is the oldest and most stable landmass on Earth. Only 10% of its land area is located below a height of 500 feet, making the majority of it a wide plateau. Humid rainforests may be found close to the equator, but the majority of sub-Saharan Africa is made up of grasslands with sporadic trees to the north and south of that zone. Along the Atlantic coast in the south is the Kalahari Desert. Altitude and distance from the equator both have a significant impact on climate. It may be mild in the highlands, even near to the equator. While there are alternate dry and rainy seasons, precipitation is more reliable in the humid woods. Also Read: The Benin Empire Sub-Saharan Africa History Some geneticists believe that Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly East Africa, is where the human race (the species Homo) first emerged. The first evidence of stone tools dates to roughly 2.6 million years ago, when H. habilis in Eastern Africa utilized choppers consisting of rounded stones that had been split by straightforward blows. The Paleolithic, also known as the Old Stone Age, began around this time; its conclusion is thought to have occurred roughly 10,000 years ago, with the end of the last ice age. Small communities of the continent’s first inhabitants hunted and fished for food. Some humans started living in more stable communities and developed agriculture about 20,000 years ago. Numerous empires and kingdoms, including the Axum, Wagadu (Ghana), Mali, Nok, Songhai, Kanem-Bornu, Benin, and Great Zimbabwe, have called this region home. Migration of Peoples The Bantu migration The Bantu-speaking peoples are said to have come from West Africa some four thousand years ago. They migrated and dispersed in many large waves, first moving east (first north of the tropical rainforest to the northern part of East Africa), then south, finally arriving in the third wave to inhabit the central highlands of Africa. From then, a last southerly migration into the southern parts of Africa took place; this movement may be traced back to roughly two thousand years ago. The indigenous Khoikoi and Khoisan people were uprooted as a result of the last push towards the southern areas, which led to some language and ethnic mixing. Compared to the individuals they replaced, they used ironworking techniques that were relatively sophisticated. The Zulu expansion Southern Africa’s slave and ivory trades were growing during the 1700s. King Shaka established the Zulu chiefdom to stave against these pressures. Conquered tribes then started to migrate north, into modern-day Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, causing responses there that had long-lasting effects. For instance, tribes in Botswana started trading ivory and skins for firearms with European traders who had begun to penetrate the interior. Additionally, missionaries were sent from Europe to the interior, frequently at the invitation of chiefs who desired firearms and were aware that the missionaries’ presence encouraged commerce. The Ndebele, a branch of the Zulus that had broken away from Shaka and marched north in reaction to the Zulu mfecane, subjugated the Shona in Zimbabwe. Even now, there are conflicts between the Ndebele and the Shona. According to estimates from Amnesty International, the Robert Mugabe administration deliberately murdered between 20,000 and 30,000 Ndebele people between 1982 and 1987. In Africa, slaves used by African masters were commonly taken captive through raids or as a result of battle, and the captors frequently used the captives for manual labor. Some slaves were exchanged with other African nations for commodities or services. One of the earliest slave transactions, coming from East Africa, predates the transatlantic slave trade in Europe by hundreds of years. While female slaves, especially from Africa, were exported by Arab and Oriental dealers to Middle Eastern nations and kingdoms, some as female maids and others as sexual slaves, male slaves were hired as servants, soldiers, or workers by their masters. Slaves were captured and transported north across the Sahara Desert and the Indian Ocean region to the Middle East, Persia, and the Indian subcontinent by Arab, African, and Oriental traffickers. African slaves may have traveled across the Sahara Desert, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean as many times as they did the Atlantic between 650 and 1900 CE, and maybe more. Up until the early 1900s, the Arab slave trade persisted in one way or another. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade A lack of labor in South and North America, and subsequently in the United States, led to the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade. Massive labor was required for both mining at first and the labor-intensive cultivation, harvesting, and semi-processing of cotton, sugar (as well as rum and molasses), and other valuable tropical crops on the estates. The “slave coast” in Western Africa and subsequently Central Africa served as important supply of new slaves for European traders as a result of this need for labor. 4,000,000 slaves from the Caribbean and 500,000 from Africa were imported by North America. Before the end of the slave trade, South America imported 4.5 million slaves, with Brazil receiving the majority. The cruel circumstances in which the slaves were carried caused millions more deaths. The Berlin Conference It is commonly believed that the Berlin Conference in 1884–1885 formalized the Scramble for Africa by regulating European colonization and commerce in Africa. The 1880s saw a sharp rise in European interest in Africa. The governing classes in Europe were drawn to Sub-Saharan Africa for racial and economic reasons. Africa promised Britain, Germany, France, and other nations an open market that would provide a trade surplus at a time when Britain’s trade balance showed a growing deficit, with dwindling and increasingly protectionist European markets as a result of the Depression from 1873 to 1896. Africa was split among the major European countries at the Berlin Conference. According to one provision of the agreement, a power could only keep colonies if it genuinely had them, that is, if it had signed treaties with the local chiefs, flew its flag there, and established an administration there. Additionally, the colonial authority had to utilize the colony economically. Another power may occupy the region if the colonial power did not take these actions. It became critical to establish a strong enough presence to maintain the peace and convince the chiefs to sign a protectorate treaty. Following World War II, Africans fought for their governments’ independence, partially in an effort to gain equality of status, modernity, and economic growth that would benefit them. The majority of sub-Saharan Africa attained independence in the 1960s, with the exception of southern Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa). In a few instances, the military temporarily assumed control of politics, or strongmen in charge of the governments—sometimes on a socialist model—allowed just one political party to exist. A change to democracy With its backing for client nations throughout the Cold War, the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc’s disintegration led to a heightened understanding of the importance of free markets in generating wealth. The socialist-model-following nations implemented measures to liberalize their economy. The sub-Saharan governments liberalized their political systems more and more as a result of internal and foreign demand for reform, enabling opposition parties to form and more press freedom. Sub-Saharan Africa has made steady progress toward democracy for several years, but recently there have been some setbacks. Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), Burundi, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Somalia, and South Africa were among the nations that saw reductions, according to Freedom House. On the plus side, Freedom House stated that the first-ever successful presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) and advancements in Liberia’s efforts to combat corruption and increase government openness. The legacy of colonialism, slavery, local corruption, socialist economic policies, and interethnic warfare still plagues sub-Saharan Africa, making it the poorest continent in the world. Many of the world’s least developed nations are found in this region. Many countries struggle to put measures into place that are meant to lessen the impacts of the AIDS pandemic, such the dramatic increase in orphans. “Sub-Saharan Africa” Racist Undertone The phrase “sub-Saharan Africa” is frequently used despite making little sense and obviously having racial geopolitical connotations. A growing number of broadcasters, websites, news organizations, newspapers, magazines, the United Nations and its allied organizations, as well as some governments, authors, and academics, appear to be using the term “sub-Saharan Africa” to refer to all of Africa, with the exception of the five primarily Arab states of north Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt), and Sudan, a nation in north-central Africa. Sudan is not included in the “sub-Sahara Africa” label even though the bulk of its land is south of the Sahara Desert because the ruling dictatorship in Khartoum refers to the nation as “Arab” despite the fact that the majority of its citizens are African. However, the classification “sub-Saharan Africa” is useless, ridiculous, and deceptive. Its use goes against the principles of geography as understood by science and gives racial stereotyping and tired labels precedence. On the surface, it is not clear which of the four alternative meanings of the prefix “sub” its users connect to the labeling of “sub-Sahara Africa.” Is it “part of” or “partly” the Sahara Desert, or is it “under” the Sahara Desert? Or perhaps “partially,” “nearly,” or even the extremely unlikely (hopefully!) application of “in the style of, but inferior to,” the Sahara Desert, especially in light of the fact that there is an Arab ethnic group known as Saharan that is sandwiched between Morocco and Mauritania (northwest Africa)? Accordingly, “sub-Sahara Africa” is ultimately used by its users to describe an African-led “sovereign” state somewhere in Africa, as opposed to an Arab-led state, rather than some benign construct. More importantly, “sub-Saharan Africa” is used to create the astonishing illusion of an allegedly diminishing African landmass in the public mind, together with the continent’s allegedly concomitant geostrategic global “irrelevance.” Unquestionably, the term “Sub-Saharan Africa” serves as a racist geopolitical hallmark whose users continually seek to convey the desolation, aridity, and despair of a desert environment. This is true despite the fact that the vast majority of Africa’s one billion people do not reside anywhere near the Sahara and that their lives are not significantly impacted by the dogma’s highly charged intended meaning. Its proponents will eventually succeed in replacing the name of the continent, “Africa,” with “sub-Sahara Africa,” or, worse yet, “sub-Saharans,” in the realm of public memory and reckoning, unless this steadily pervasive use of the term is vigorously challenged by rigorous African-centered scholarship and publicity work. List of Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Democratic Republic) | Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia | Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Réunion Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal | Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe |

https://africafactszone.com/sub-saharan-africa/

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How hyperbaric oxygen therapy for addiction can play a role in recovery Explore the ways that the healing power of oxygen can help addicts both physically and mentally during treatment It’s estimated that nearly 21 million Americans have at least one addiction, but only 10% of them receive treatment. With such a massive amount of people in need, it’s important to gain a complete understanding of the complex disease that is addiction and explore the treatment options to know how to help yourself or those you love that are struggling. What is addiction? As the most severe form of a substance use disorder (SUD), addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that causes people to compulsively use substances or engage in behaviors due to rewarding effects despite dangerous consequences. [2,3,4,5] Individuals can become addicted to substances such as alcohol, opioids, cocaine, and nicotine or behaviors like gambling. As they become physically and psychologically dependent on a substance or behavior, addicts can not simply quit on their own, even if they are aware of the problem and want to stop. The disease alters brain function in such a way that it becomes extremely difficult to quit both physically and mentally. What are the risk factors of addiction? There is no way to predict who will develop an addiction, but there are certain risk factors that can increase your likelihood such as: - Biological factors - Genetics are estimated to account for 40-60% of an individual’s likelihood of developing a SUD. - Physical issues such as variations in liver enzymes that metabolize substances. - Gender — men are more likely to develop a SUD than women. - Psychological factors - Environmental factors - Family functioning like troubled relationships or changing dynamics. - Ease of accessibility to alcohol or other substances. - Peer group influence, especially during teenage years. - Unemployment that causes pressure to succeed and provide. What are the symptoms of addiction? Just like any other illness, addiction is clinically diagnosed by the presence of specific symptoms. The presence and severity of addiction is most often identified through the following symptoms as defined by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): - Lack of control over use of the substance - Desire to limit use, but inability to do so - Substantial amount of time spent acquiring the substance - Intense cravings to use the substance - Lack of responsibility at work, school, or home - Problems with relationships - Loss of interest in usual activities in favor of substance use - Continued substance use despite dangerous circumstances - Worsening physical or psychological problems - Increased tolerance to the substance - Physical and emotional withdrawal amid lack of the substance What are the most common types of addiction treatment? Although it’s a treatable condition, addiction recovery is a long-term process that looks different for each person. It requires trial and error to find the right combination of treatments that cater to various dimensions of life that the addiction has altered. Some of the most common addiction treatment options are: - Inpatient or outpatient rehab - Detoxification under medical supervision - Prescription medications for: - Managing withdrawal symptoms - Reducing cravings - Treating co-occurring disorders - Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) - Different types of therapy such as: - Biofeedback therapy - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) - Psychodynamic therapy How can hyperbaric oxygen therapy help addicts in recovery? As a noninvasive treatment with minimal side effects, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can be used as a part of the treatment regimen for those battling addiction. By exposing the body to an atmosphere of 100% oxygen, HBOT can accelerate the healing process by allowing more oxygen to reach areas of the brain that were damaged by substance abuse. The extra oxygen allows the damaged brain cells to detoxify properly and heal more quickly, which often leads to patients reporting better memory and higher energy levels. In addition to helping with the detoxification process and accelerating overall healing, HBOT also helps to: - Decrease any swelling and inflammation - Heal damaged liver or pancreas - Improve circulation and regenerate damaged tissues - Mitigate sleep issues - Normalize enzyme systems - Reduce cravings - Stimulate appetite if lacking There have been many studies conducted on the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addiction treatment, with promising results published as recently as earlier this year. A pair of studies led by Washington State University scientists found that HBOT helped people being treated for opioid addiction reduce their methadone prescription and more effectively manage pain and withdrawal symptoms. One of the Washington State studies found that patients who had “received hyperbaric oxygen therapy as part of a planned methadone taper were able to maintain a significantly larger dose reduction of 4.3 mg three months after the study, as compared to 0.25 mg in participants who did not receive the therapy.” Want to learn more about hyperbaric oxygen therapy for addiction? Please visit our research library to view studies on the topic under ‘Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Addiction.’ Ready to get the help you deserve? At Hyperbaric Healing Treatment Center, our caring, compassionate team at our medical centers in Orlando and New Smyrna Beach, Florida are ready to support you throughout your healing process as you find the addiction treatment plan that’s right for you. “Over my 16 years of hyperbaric experience, I have treated many patients battling substance use disorder who were suffering from symptoms like behavioral changes, short term memory loss, paranoia, speech impairment, confusion, and insomnia. Patients in the acute phases of their recovery tend to use HBOT while combating the terrible side effects of withdrawal. These patients are overseen by medical professionals while in inpatient rehab and are driven to our facility during their treatment protocols. We have worked with many rehab centers who incorporate HBOT in their initial phases of recovery as well as prolonged recovery in order to heal the brain in the areas that were damaged from the abuse. I have treated patients of all ages who have had great results and were able to return to normal daily activities once treatment was completed. Most patients needed 40 treatments once a day Monday through Friday, but treatment protocol varies based on the chronicity of the addiction,” shares Erika Jordan, hyperbaric director and founder of Hyperbaric Healing Treatment Center. Equipped with entertainment streaming capabilities, our monoplace hyperbaric chambers will provide you with a safe, secure, and comfortable healing environment for your hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatments. We hope to see you soon at HHTC! Our team of hyperbaric specialists are ready to answer any questions you may have before your treatments! We welcome you to contact us today.

https://hyperbaricsorlando.com/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-

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Pablo Picasso was an amazing artists during his time. The time period he lived in was the 20th century. Some of Pablo Picasso's famous paintings were La Vie, Girl Before A Mirror, Three Musicians, Le Reve and many more. Picasso was born on October of 1881 in Malaga, Spain. He studied under his father for one year who was an artist, he was also an professor at the school of fine arts, he worked at a museum in Malaga as a curator. After the one year of studying under his father, Pablo Picasso went to the Academy of Arts for another year then moved to Paris. He went to Paris in 1901 where he found out that it was the ideal place to practice new styles and experiment with a variety of art forms. The years he lived in paris he meat a new and important friend in Picasso life his named was Guillaume Apollinaire. At the end of the year 1904 he found a mistress her name was Fernande Olivier. She inspired many works during the lead up to Cubism. Pablo Picasso died at the age of 91 in April 8, 1973. Pablo Picasso had many great accomplishments in his lifetime. One of those accomplishments was that he was give the Stalin Prize of Peace in 1950. The Guernica Painting was one of Pablo Picasso's most famous. Pablo created this painting when he was protesting against the bombing of the Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. Pablo Picasso also inspired the Cubism Period. During the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Period Pablo started to use blue in his painting. He started this as result of when his close friend took his own life and he also incorporated a pinkish tone as a representation of him accepting that he is gone. During Picasso's life there was more going on in the world behind him. World War II was going on. He was living in France during the time of liberation. Other artist during the life of the great Pablo Picasso was Jean-Paul Sartre, Roland Penrose, and many more. In 1890 Vincent Van Gogh a famous artist committed suicide. World War II ended by the year of 1945. Pablo Picasso lived a wonderful life between his astonishing paintings and amazing sculptures. Picasso was an amazing artist who used new styles to create beautiful pieces of art. Pablo influenced the art world but he also had other influences outside of it. Pablo Picasso will be known as an amazing artist, a political figure and someone who has introduced new styles of art that shaped the modern art and modern styles of art today. A professional writer will make a clear, mistake-free paper for you! Get help with your assignmentPlease check your inbox

https://studydriver.com/pablo-picasso-

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It can be compared to errors and slips, which are mistakes learners make while acquiring language. Many advanced level learners who have Spanish as an L1 do not distinguish between ‘he' and ‘she'. This could be a fossilized error. In the classroom Errors in general take time to correct but a fossilized error may never be corrected unless the learner sees a reason to do so, e.g. if it is seriously hindering communication. Teachers can help learners notice their fossilized errors by for example recording them speaking, or by asking them to keep a record of written errors as part of a language portfolio. That's the wrong example for fossilization. Spanish speakers do have equivalents for 'he' and 'she' in their native language and can thus distinguish between the two pronouns easily. The error you refer to is of a different type. Please see: Antón-Méndez, I. (2010). Gender bender: gender errors in L2 pronoun production. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 39(2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-009-9129-z I agree. I was actually surprised to see that example cause that's not really an accurate one to represent fossilization. As a Spanish speaking EFL Teacher, I think fossilization mistakes given in Spanish speaking students tend to be more about pronunciation. Good example of fossilisation. Even though Spanish speakers have equivalents of he and she I've seen a lot of life-long learners who haven't mastered the difference.

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/fossilization

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Nutrients are not distributed equally in all foods - some foods are more nutritious than others. Likewise, different groups of people require different diet plans. For athletes, there should be no substitute for a well-balanced diet. With good nutrition, you will perform better in your athletic life. Your health will also have you to thank. As an athlete, you should take your nutrition as important as your physical training because diet plays a significant role in physical fitness, endurance, recovery, and overall athletic performance. Our bodies respond differently to food and no one meal works for everyone. However, some foods have a higher potential to help athletes by offering the needed nutrients. It will help to know the best diets that can help improve athletic performance. So, what should athletes look out for in their food? What every athlete's meal should contain An athlete's everyday meal should contain the essential macronutrients as found in a healthy meal. Some of the nutrients you need in your food as an athlete include: carbohydrates, proteins, fluids, iron, vitamins, and other minerals. Carbohydrate is an essential source of fuel (energy) in the body. Carbohydrates are primarily stored in the liver and muscles. During digestion, the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. The glucose will be utilized immediately or stored as glycogen which will come in handy when energy is needed. When you start exercising, the glycogen gets converted back to glucose and serves as an energy source. Carbohydrates can be either complex or simple. Sources of complex carbohydrates are beans, potatoes, whole grains, vegetables, grain products, and cereals. Sources of simple carbohydrates include fruits, milk, honey, and sugar. Fat contributes significantly to our energy needs. In contrast to untrained athletes, it is always easier for trained athletes to utilize fat as fuel because their bodies are trained for fat adaptation. As an athlete, keeping up with a good fat intake will enable you to meet the nutritional needs of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and K. Opt for soluble fats as they are healthy fats. Insoluble fats and trans fats are not good for the heart as they increase the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (bad lipids) which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Examples of foods that contain healthy soluble fats are eggs, beef liver, fatty fish, fish liver oil, avocadoes, and olive oil. When digested in the form of amino acids, protein is used as a building block for tissues, enzymes, and hormones that help the body function. Extra protein in the body is broken down and stored as fat, so it can serve as an energy source when the need arises. Also, proteins are needed for muscle building and tissue regeneration. The importance of taking enough water cannot be overemphasized. During an exercise, athletes lose enough fluid through sweat, and some dehydrate faster than others. For this reason, you need enough water to keep you hydrated and help you maintain the right body temperature for optimal performance. These are the most pronounced nutrients suitable for athletes. A well-balanced diet will provide you with other nutrients like vitamins, minerals, etc. Best foods for athletes There are foods that athletes should take to enhance their performance. Some of them include: Beans are available in different varieties. Beans are good for athletes because it doesn't contain saturated fat. The fiber content of beans helps you feel fuller for a long time. Beans also get broken down into amino acids which are needed for muscle growth and repair. This is why it is also considered an ideal diet for bodybuilders. Making oatmeal or other whole grains for breakfast will help improve your overall health and sports performance. You can take your oatmeal independently or add them to other recipes like homemade porridge, cereal bars, etc. Eggs are highly nutritious food and are among the best foods for athletes. Egg contains high-quality proteins, fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins, which help in energy and protein metabolism. It also protects against oxidative stress, inflammation, cell growth, and tissue repair. Egg is also one of the superfoods for bodybuilding. When eggs are taken in the correct quantity, it boosts the performance of athletes. The body assimilates eggs quickly, so it doesn't always get stored. Almond is a perfect snack for athletes. Instead of snacking on refined sugars and processed foods, opt for fruits and nuts like almonds. Different studies have highlighted the health benefits of almonds one of such benefits is its potential to increase performance endurance. According to a 2014 study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, consuming 75 g of whole almonds daily improved cycling distance among participants. The study also indicated that almonds may contribute to effective oxygen utilization. Almonds contain vitamins and minerals like vitamin E and magnesium. They are also rich in antioxidants; hence, can help prevent oxidative stress and inflammation. Fish is one of the best foods for athletes. One crucial fact about fish that makes it suitable for athletes is that it contains Omega 3 fatty acids. Omega 3 fatty acid is essential for athletes because it improves neuromuscular function and reduces fatigue. Chicken has a good protein and amino acid content, making it suitable for increased sports performance in athletes. Sticking with chicken and fish as sources of animal protein is good for cardiovascular health as they contain less saturated fat (the bad fat). Saturated fat, as found in pork and beef can raise your low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, increasing your risk of heart disease. If you must eat them, consume them in their lean, skinless, unprocessed form. Chicken and other white meats can help in promoting muscle development and aids in the recovery of muscle. Vegetables are essential for both athletes and non-athletes. Vegetables contain many beneficial nutrients that are good for the body. The fiber content in vegetables aids healthy digestion, helping the body to eliminate waste products quickly. This implies that taking enough vegetables will help you maintain healthy body weight. Also, taking a substantial amount of vegetables will help improve your bone health and help prevent you from injury due to the vitamin K and calcium content. Supplements for athletes An athlete on a good diet might not need supplements. However, some athletes are vegans, which means they only eat foods that are from plant sources. While eating plant-based meals is considered healthy, it has its downsides. One of such downsides is that vegans may miss out on important food nutrients from animal protein sources. In such cases, they will need supplements to augment the nutrients missing in their diets. Some of the supplements highly beneficial to athletes include: Iron is essential in the body as it aids in electron transport in redox reactions, reversible storage and transport of O2, and redox catalytic functions. Therefore, iron deficiency causes reduced endurance and increases body energy consumption. This further highlights the need for athletes, especially vegans, to supplement for iron. However, before going on an iron supplement, ensure that you check your iron level as this will help prevent a case of excess iron in the body. Vitamin B deficiency is usually associated with increased fatigue. The major source of Vitamin B is animal products. This is why vegans may be at high risk of developing Vitamin B deficiency. Vitamin B is necessary for athletes, so supplements rich in Vitamin B will help improve sports performance. However, before taking a Vitamin B supplement, consult with your doctor and run some tests to confirm you need a vitamin B supplement. Calcium and Vitamin D Calcium and Vitamin D are necessary for athletes as they help to build and maintain healthy bones and muscles. Being rich in calcium and Vitamin D helps protect you from bone fractures and injuries. In a case where an athlete is deficient in either calcium or vitamin, supplements will help. Creatine helps in increasing muscle mass and strength; therefore, when there is a lack of creatine in the body, it should be supplemented, especially for athletes who are vegans. Creatine is produced naturally by the liver, kidney, and pancreas. However, the body's production may not suffice; hence the need to also source from diets. Meat is one of the dietary sources of creatine. If you are a vegetarian, you may want to take creatine supplements to augment the ones your body produces. Proteins can be obtained from different food sources. However, not everyone gains sufficient protein from foods. For such persons, supplementing for protein will be beneficial, especially if they are athletes. As an athlete, if you cannot get protein from your diet, you can supplement using protein powders. Protein powders also function to build muscles and bodies. Athletes need adequate food and nutrition like other humans. However, athletes should be more intentional when choosing foods or drawing up their meal plans. This is because of their level of physical activity and the task it places on their body. This article discussed some of the best foods for athletes. If you are an athlete, it may help to incorporate the foods listed into your meal plans. Also, when necessary, you can augment your meals with some supplements that will help improve athletic performance, strength and endurance. You can consult a nutritionist to help you draw up a meal plan that is specific to your body's needs.

https://www.semichealth.com/fitness-nutrition/16/best-foods-for-athletes

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The Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Memorial Park is one of the popular tourist attractions in Ghana. The park was established in honour of the first president of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. It is the final resting of Ghana’s first president. About Kwame Nkrumah Kwame Nkrumah is a name that rings a bell in Ghana. It is not just popular in Ghana, the name also leaves a mark in African politics. He was the first Ghanaian indigenous leader. He became the first prime minister of Ghana and also the first president of Ghana. Kwame was also one of the founding fathers of Ghana. He was born on 21st September 1909, Kwame died on 27th April 1972. Kwame Nkrumah was an activist, a politician, a revolutionary leader and a democrat. He led the call for Ghana independence from Britain. He was among the heroes who fought for independence. After 12 years of studying abroad and mastering the act of politics, he went back to Ghana. On arrival, he founded the Convention Peoples Party. He later became the prime minister, in 1952 when Ghana gained independence, he retained his position as the first president of Ghana. Nkrumah also designed the Ghana Flag. He got inspiration from the Ethiopian flag. Red stands for bloodshed, green for beauty, nature and agriculture, yellow represents mineral wealth, the black star symbolizes African freedom. In 1966, he was overthrown through a coup. He then went into exile in Guinea and never came back. He died in Guinea they buried him there. After so many years, his body was brought back to Ghana. He was a Pan African leader and was well respected because he led the team that made Ghana the first country in Africa to gain independence. About Kwame Nkrumah Park The Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Memorial park was commissioned in 1992. It became the final resting place of the former Ghanaian president. The park was formerly the location of the British colonial Polo ground In Accra. The same place where Kwame Nkrumah declared Ghana independence. It is built on 5.3 acres of green land about 32 plots of land. The park also boasts of a museum, mausoleum and sculptures. It is surrounded by a beautiful landscape. During the colonial era, Ghanaians were prohibited from entering. This is the reason Kwame chose the location as a venue where he announce Ghanaian independence. He did this to send a strong message of freedom and to despise the British. The park has two parts the museum and the mausoleum. The Mausoleum is surrounded by 14 flute bearers, a drummer and a local guitar player. It is a very popular landmark in Ghana that serves as a reminder of the injustice, struggles, pains and freedom. Also Read: Why You Should Travel Video of Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Memorial Park Accra Here is the Video of Kwame Nkrumah Park in Accra Ghana. Please kindly subscribe to the channel on Youtube. TRAVELWAKA CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/c/Travelwaka Ghana’s foremost sculpture Don Arthur designed The Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum. It was made of fine Italian marble. With a black star at its top that symbolizes unity. The Mausoleum a fountain of water and sculptures surrounding it. Fourteen flute bearers, seven on each side. The symbol of the mausoleum symbolizes an upside-down sword. In the Akan culture, it represents peace. The Kwame Nkrumah mausoleum serves as the final resting place of Kwame Nkrumah and his wife Fathia Nkrumah. The Kwame Nkrumah Statue Standing majestically in front of the Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum is the bronze statue of Kwame Nkrumah. The statue is on the same spot where he stood to declare Ghana’s independence. Attractions At Kwame Nkrumah’s Park Museum: This museum boast of furniture, clothes and personal effects and cars of the former Ghanaian leader. The museum has pictures of several world leaders that Kwame Nkrumah worked with during his lifetime. The Museum also serves as an archive for some of the events of his lifetime. Fountain: There is a beautiful fountain that surrounds the Mausoleum. As of the time of visit, the fountain is currently not in use. Statues: This place has different statues, it is boasts of a bronze statue of Kwame Nkrumah and other 12 drummers. Sitting Area: It also has a sitting area where you can enjoy the beautiful views of the park. Garden: It has a well-manicured garden with beautiful trees and flowers. Things to Do in Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum and Park Visit the Museum: The museum covers everything you need to know about this Kwame Nkrumah. It also features some personal effects from this great ruler and his wife. You can also read information about his life, education, career and family. You also get to see the car of the former President. Enjoy the Beautiful Views of the Garden: The park has beautiful greens, flowers and trees. You can take a stroll along the 5.3 acres of land as you enjoy the beautiful views. You also get to see the fountains, artwork and statues. Learn the History Of Ghana: If you want to learn about the history of Ghana, this is one of the many places to learn about Ghana’s history. Plan A Picnic: This is also a great place for family hangouts, picnics etc The cost of Visiting the Park / Entry Fee You can get tickets at the entrance of the park. The ticket varies in cost. Teenagers 5.00 GHC Children 2.00 GHC Adult 3.00 GHC Teenagers 2.00 GHC Children 1.00 GHC Use of Camera /Video Videos 40 GHC Camera (photos) 50 GHC Video 90 GHC Car Park 3.00 GHC Musical Video 1,000 GHC Product Advertisement 2,000 GHC Significance of September 21st September 21st is Kwame Nkrumah Memorial day, It is a public holiday to celebrate this democrat. It is the birthday of Kwame Nkrumah. Opening Time at Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum Kwame Nkrumah Park opens daily from 10am to 5pm. It opens Monday to Sunday including public holidays. Location of Kwame Nkrumah Park Kwame Nkruma park is located in downtown Accra. It is located on High Street, Accra. It is opposite the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal in Accra, Ghana. How to Get to Kwame Nkruma Park in Ghana If you are in Ghana, you can either board a bus, taxi or uber. If you are outside Ghana, firstly you need to take a flight to Ghana, Kindly click here to book a cheap flight Pictures of Kwame Nkrumah Park, Accra Ghana Other Attractions Close to the Kwame Nkrumah Park - The Art Centre - The Independence Square (Black Star Square) - Jamestown Lighthouse - Ussher Fort Museum - Brazil House Museum - James Fort - National Museum of Ghana - Ga Mashie - Accra’s Sports Stadium - Labadi Beach Lastly, your visit to Ghana will not be complete if you do not visit this place. PLAN A TRIP TO GHANA If you are visiting Ghana and looking for a travel company in Africa to help you visit some of the attractions in Ghana. Kindly contact Travel Twitter – www.twitter.com/travelwakatours Facebook – www.facebook.com/travelwakatours What do you think? Leave a Reply

https://www.travelwaka.com/the-kwame-nkrumah-

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A school board plays a crucial role in the education system, shaping policies, providing leadership, and ensuring the delivery of quality education to students. But what makes a good school board? In this article, we will explore the key factors that contribute to the effectiveness of a school board and its impact on student success. From governance practices to community engagement, we will delve into the characteristics that make a school board successful in fulfilling its responsibilities. Table of Contents What Makes A Good School Board? Key Factors for Effective Governance and Student Success A good school board exhibits visionary leadership by setting a clear vision and goals for the district. It establishes a strategic plan that aligns with the educational needs of the community and provides a roadmap for achieving excellence. Visionary leadership involves forward-thinking, innovation, and the ability to anticipate future challenges and opportunities in education. A proactive school board identifies emerging trends, promotes research-based practices, and fosters a culture of continuous improvement to meet the evolving needs of students and prepare them for success in a rapidly changing world. Read Also: Top 10 Best Schools Boards in Ontario Effective governance is a cornerstone of a good school board. It involves establishing policies, procedures, and accountability mechanisms that ensure transparency, fairness, and ethical conduct. A strong governance framework provides clear roles and responsibilities for board members, superintendent, and staff, promoting collaboration and shared decision-making. The board sets high standards of performance, monitors progress, and evaluates outcomes to ensure the district’s goals are being achieved. Additionally, an effective school board adheres to legal and regulatory requirements, promotes fiscal responsibility, and maintains a culture of integrity. A good school board places students at the center of its decision-making and policies. It prioritizes student success, well-being, and equity, ensuring that all students have equal opportunities to thrive academically, socially, and emotionally. A student-centered approach involves supporting innovative teaching and learning practices, providing resources and supports for diverse learners, and fostering a safe and inclusive school environment. The board works collaboratively with educators, families, and the community to address the unique needs of students, promote engagement, and create a positive learning experience for all. Read Also: The Importance of School Boards in Ontario An effective school board actively engages the community, recognizing that education is a shared responsibility. It fosters strong partnerships with parents, families, businesses, community organizations, and other stakeholders. Engaging the community involves soliciting input, seeking diverse perspectives, and involving stakeholders in decision-making processes. The board encourages participation in school board meetings, establishes avenues for feedback, and provides opportunities for community members to contribute to educational initiatives. By fostering a sense of ownership and shared responsibility, the board strengthens community support, enhances collaboration, and creates a positive learning environment for students. Continuous Improvement and Accountability A good school board is committed to continuous improvement and accountability. It monitors student outcomes, utilizes data-driven decision-making, and regularly assesses its own performance. The board promotes professional development for educators and staff, encourages innovation, and adopts evidence-based practices to enhance student achievement. It establishes mechanisms for evaluating the effectiveness of programs, initiatives, and policies, making adjustments as necessary. A culture of continuous improvement fosters a commitment to excellence, ensures that resources are allocated efficiently, and drives positive outcomes for students. A good school board is characterized by visionary leadership, effective governance, a student-centered focus, community engagement, and a commitment to continuous improvement and accountability. These key factors work in harmony to shape policies, create a positive learning environment, and promote student success. A successful school board understands the needs and aspirations of its community, embraces diversity, and encourages collaboration among stakeholders. By providing strong leadership, setting a clear vision, and promoting high standards of performance, a good school board plays a vital role in ensuring that every student receives a quality education and is prepared for future success. It is through the collective efforts of dedicated board members, educators, families, and the community that a good school board can create an educational system that inspires, empowers, and nurtures the potential of every student.

https://schoolsinontario.com/what-makes-a-good-school-

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Vaccine mRNA technology has revolutionized the vaccination landscape. James Lewis, PharmD, FIDSA: ThemRNA technology for vaccines is really different from the other platforms we’ve seen historically. It causes the body to produce a structure that’s a key component of a virus that you’re trying to go after. For example, take the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. A piece of mRNA was encoded and injected as part of the vaccine, and it went into the cell and caused it to produce the spike protein of COVID-19. You didn’t take a chunk of the virus. You didn’t take a live virus and kill it. You didn’t take a chunk of the virus and conjugate it into a protein. You actually cause the body to make a little key structure of that virus by having mRNA get translated into the patient’s cells. It’s a slick and brilliant way to do this. Also, it creates a situation where you don’t have to inject the whole virus or worry about partially killing things. It’s really slick, and it’s amazing. One of the reasons we’ve been excited about mRNA technology for flu vaccines for a long time is that it’s very easy to change the vaccine. We’ve seen this with the boosters and the omicron boosters with COVID-19. If we had tried to do that with conventional vaccine technologies, it would have been a lot harder to change that vaccine. But the mRNA technologies allow you to swap in templates for that mRNA very quickly. You can modify vaccines very quickly to go after things that have evolved or changed. One reason the mRNA technologies are so exciting is because of the flexibility of that platform. The speed with which you can change the platform is like something we’ve never seen. That’s why it’s nicely fitted to an influenza vaccine that you need to change every year. You don’t have to worry about whether the virus grows in eggs. With the flu, every year, we all hold our breath: “I hope the virus grows in eggs. Please grow, please grow.” You don’t have to worry about the virus growing. If you have a virus that grows poorly, if you have a virus that’s hard to get your hands so you can work with it, you just need the sequence. Then you can build an mRNA vaccine just from that. [It offers] lots of flexibility, speed, and customizability. The technology is amazing. The opportunities that it presents are a huge step forward over what we’ve had historically. The 3 vaccines we’re going to see the soonest will be RSV [respiratory syncytial virus], CMV [cytomegalovirus], and influenza. We’re going to see an RSV vaccine very quickly. I expect to see a CMV vaccine in the not-too-distant future. Although we need to wait and see, the phase 3 study is ongoing. I haven’t seen top-line results on it. CMV has proven to be a nasty little beast in the past to get under control. I’m cautiously optimistic that the mRNA vaccine in development for it will be successful. The third thing you’re going to see in the near future will probably be an mRNA influenza vaccine. Those are going to be the 3 things, over the next year or 2, that you have a high probability of seeing in this space. There are certainly other disease states I’m less familiar with, but there are other things that the mRNA platforms are investigating. In the noninfectious disease space, could mRNA vaccine technology be useful for treating cancers and whatnot? That question is generating some real interest. This is a space that bears watching over the next 5 years. COVID-19 fast-forwarded [mRNA] technology, which has been proven to work and is safe. We’re getting better. One problems with mRNA is that it’s not stable. You saw that with how cold you had to keep the COVID-19 vaccines originally. It’s not easy to work with, but we’re getting better at finding ways to stabilize the mRNA. There’s a lot of opportunity, and it’s a very fast-moving field. This will be a really interesting space: how the evolution of mRNA vaccines could improve outcomes for patients that payers might be worried about. Let’s take influenza and RSV because they’re going to come online fairly soon. We have good data for the impact of those viruses in populations that payers are going to be worried about. Every year, influenza results in [tens of thousands of] hospitalizations, interactions with health care, and whatnot. Having an mRNA-based influenza vaccine is better in efficacy…. You may have an mRNA vaccine for influenza. The question is, will its efficacy be better than what we see? That’s what we need: something that improves efficacy. I’m less clear that an mRNA vaccine, as it stands, would improve in efficacy over what we’ve got. That’s an important piece. But influenza vaccination keeps people out of the hospital, cuts down on missed days at work, cuts down on doctor visits, is an antibiotic steward, and cuts down on antibiotic use. There are a lot of things to love about a properly influenza-vaccinated population. This is a reason that payers need to think about what they can do to ensure vaccinations. Everybody in the United States over 6 months old is recommended to get a flu vaccine every year. We’re not there. We’re not even close. Unfortunately, COVID-19 did a number. It’s going to be very interesting to see what our influenza vaccination numbers look like for the last year or 2. I have a bad feeling they’re going to look like our numbers at OHSU [Oregon Health & Science University], which isn’t good. As a health care system, we need to think about how can we effectively communicate to our patients that this is important, that it is safe and does work. That same messaging is so important for health care providers, societies, organizations, and developers of content for continuing medical education. We need to get this message to our frontline health care providers. I’m amazed at what’s happened in the last 2 to 3 years, with people getting so much misinformation from the internet and social media about vaccines. That includes flu vaccines. We’ve got a new struggle in that space. We already weren’t doing as well as we could have or should have. RSV is also going to be tricky because it’s thought of as a pediatric problem. But the data clearly show that it’s an adult problem also, especially over age 60. Looking at the impact of RSV, if you prevent severe disease and hospitalization, that’s a win. From a cost perspective, that’s a win all day, every day. It’s certainly a win clinically. Influenza and RSV are the 2 spaces that I’d encourage payers to take a long, hard look at as we move forward. You’re going to see an mRNA vaccine for RSV—you’re definitely going to see an RSV vaccine pretty soon. With influenza, we’ve still got a lot of work to do. We’ve got a lot of work to build back the faith and trust of society in this vaccine. We need an influenza vaccine that works better at preventing disease than 50% to 60% vaccine efficacy, which the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] reports every year.... A lot of times those numbers are in the 35% range. There’s definitely a lot of room for improvement. Transcript edited for clarity.

https://www.managedhealthcareexecutive.com/view/mrna-technology-in-vaccines

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First, I would like to ask why do Christians believe in Jesus and accept the New Testament as written by God? Why do Christians insist on saying that the death of Jesus was a miraculous event? Second, what is the philosophical meaning of Jesus being the son of g-d? Everything G-d creates becomes a part of g-d so all human beings are part man and part g-d. What is the difference between Jesus and other human beings except that he did not sin according to your belief? I really want to learn more about Christianity and I would appreciate it if you would consider my questions seriously. You have asked some important questions. Believing In Jesus Christians believe in Jesus Christ because of the prophecies and the historical evidence about Him. For example, some of the prophecies predicted that He would be a descendent of the ancient patriarch Judah. He would be born in the town of Bethlehem, and He would be taken to the land of Egypt. One of the most significant prophecies (about 525 B.C.) predicts the exact year, 33 A.D., in which He would die. Now that is precise, and we will talk about that some more in the next section. The prophecies also predict that He would return to life, and He did. Historical evidence says that Jesus would return to life. Changed lives and the martyrdom of Christians are witnesses to the truth. For these reasons we also believe that the Bible is truth. Its prophecies are accurate. The historians witnessed miracles and incredible events about Jesus, and the lives of people have been transformed. When we read the four gospels in the New Testament we find that there are no elaborate details about the things that Jesus did, except for a few accounts. The gospels move quickly from one event to another, providing an overview of events. The gospels span His entire earthly life but concentrate on the last three years. There is not an account of every day for those three years. Why? The answer is simple. Jesus’ disciples are interested only in providing us with an overview of His life. They are not trying to impress us with every detail. They are sending us a message that Jesus is God. Son of God The gospels tell us that Jesus is the Son of God. The expression “Son of God” was another way of saying that Jesus was God. The gospel of John explains the meaning of this expression in the following conversation that Jesus had with some Jewish leaders. Again the Jews picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus said to them, “I have shown you many great miracles from the Father. For which of these do you stone me?” “We are not stoning you for any of these,” replied the Jews, “but for blasphemy, because you, a mere man, claim to be God.” . . . Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, ‘I am God’s Son’? (NIV) John 10:31-33, 36 Notice that the Jews understood the meaning of “son of God.” The Jews said He was claiming to be God. They did not believe that He was God because they were jealous of Him and because Jesus was preaching against them. They had distorted God’s teachings in the Old Testament and Jesus was correcting them. They were angry and were not open to the truth. This is a common response. Jesus’ death was a miracle. The miracle was not that He died, since we all die! His death was a miracle for two other reasons. First, His death was predicted in 444 B.C. or about 450 years before He actually died. The prophecy in Daniel 9:24-26 predicts the exact year in which he would die. Anyone who died before or after that week would not satisfy this prediction, nor would he satisfy thirty other key predictions. So God became a man, lived a sinless life, and thirty-three years later died in order to forgive our sins. If we believe that Jesus is God, died for our sins, returned to life, and returned to heaven, then God will forgive our sins if we want Him to do that. I would encourage you to visit the study about His death. It is entitled, “Prophecy of Daniels’ 70 Weeks. ” I would also encourage you to look at all the links in the section entitled “Predictions About Christ.” It is impossible for any other person to fulfill all of these predictions but Jesus. Second, the events surrounding His death were miracles. Historians tell us that when Jesus died, the sun was darkened. The book of Luke in the New Testament says this occurred just before His death. And it was now about the sixth hour, and darkness fell over the whole land until the ninth hour, the sun being obscured; and the veil of the temple was torn in two. (NASB) Luke 23:44-45 Why would a man’s death cause the sun to become dark? The first response one might have is that this did not happen, that this was the imagination of some religious people. However, secular historians saw the same darkness. You can read about this event and quotes from many non-Christians in the section entitled “Voice From The Past. ” You will want to select the links entitled “Phlegon ” and “Thallus ” and then the links on each of those pages. Jesus death was a miracle. Since man is a sinner, our holy God had to take on human flesh in order that a man could live a sinless life and then die. God cannot die, but sinless man can. Therefore, our holy God became a man in order to provide forgiveness for our sins. Part god and part man. How can we be part-god in any sense? The Bible says that we are made in the image and likeness of God. We have some of His characteristics but we are not God. In fact, God says we are not even close to being like Him. You thought I was altogether like you . . . (NIV) Psalm 50:21 God makes it very clear that we are very different from Him. God is not a man, that He should lie, Nor a son of man, that He should repent; Has He said, and will He not do it? Or has He spoken, and will He not make it good? (NASB) Numbers 23:19 He also told us that He created us. We did not and cannot do this. Know that the LORD Himself is God; It is He who has made us, and not we ourselves . . . (NASB) Ps 100:3 We are not part-god in any sense. He existed before us. Since we did not exist then, we are not a part of Him. He makes it clear that there is no other God. Before me no god was formed, nor will there be one after me. (NASB) Isa. 43:10 This is what the LORD says – Israel’s King and Redeemer, the LORD Almighty: I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God. (NASB) Isa 44:6

https://www.neverthirsty.org/bible-qa/qa-archives/question/are-human-

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In recent news, the UK economy has faced a significant challenge as it slipped into a recession during the final months of 2023. This downturn, confirmed by official figures, has raised concerns among citizens about its potential impact on their lives and finances. But what exactly is a recession, and how might it affect individuals? Let’s delve into these questions using Nigeria as a case study. A recession occurs when a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the value of all goods and services produced, contracts for two consecutive quarters. Essentially, it means that the economy is shrinking instead of growing. In the UK, for example, the economy experienced a 0.3% decline between October and December 2023, following a 0.1% fall in the previous quarter, leading to a recession. Impact on Individuals 1. Employment: One of the most immediate and noticeable effects of a recession is a rise in unemployment. When businesses struggle due to reduced consumer spending or other economic factors, they may lay off workers to cut costs. This could make it harder for individuals to find employment, especially recent graduates or school leavers entering the job market. 2. Income and Wages: During a recession, companies may freeze wages or reduce salaries to maintain profitability. Some individuals might even face pay cuts, making it challenging to keep up with rising living costs. Moreover, those reliant on bonuses or commission-based incomes may see a decline in their earnings. 3. Financial Stability: Individuals with investments or savings tied to the stock market may experience losses as market values decline during a recession. Additionally, people relying on fixed incomes, such as retirees or those receiving benefits, may struggle to cover essential expenses if the cost of living continues to rise. 4. Access to Credit: Banks and financial institutions may tighten lending criteria during a recession, making it harder for individuals to access credit for mortgages, personal loans, or business ventures. This can hinder financial mobility and restrict opportunities for investment or growth. Recession Recovery Strategies Governments and central banks often implement various measures to stimulate economic recovery during a recession. In Nigeria, for instance, the Central Bank might lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending, thereby boosting economic activity. Additionally, fiscal policies such as increased government spending on infrastructure projects or social welfare programs could provide relief to affected individuals and stimulate demand in the economy. While recessions can bring economic challenges and uncertainties, understanding their nature and potential impacts is crucial for individuals to navigate through difficult times. By staying informed and adopting prudent financial management strategies, individuals can better safeguard their livelihoods and weather the economic storm, both in Nigeria and globally. Leave a Reply

https://ratecaptain.com/what-is-a-recession-and-how-could-it-affect-you/

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Your brain’s performance level determines who you are. This will have an impact on your level of comprehension, decisions, emotions, and cognitive abilities. This is why we should always eat foods that improve brain performance. Our diet can influence the health of every organ in our bodies. This is why it is critical to consume foods on purpose rather than for pleasure. You should eat the following foods to improve your brain performance: 1. Consume omega-3 fatty acid-rich fish.They can protect some brain cells from damage and ensure that new cells develop properly. Eating omega-3-rich fish is necessary for proper brain function and to help prevent memory loss. 2. Consume tomatoes because their carotenoid lycopene content acts as an antioxidant, preventing brain cell damage, particularly mental deterioration. You can slice some tomatoes on it and eat them raw with your food when you cook it. When you eat a lot of tomatoes, you will notice an increase in your brain’s capacity. 3. Consume foods containing whole, unprocessed grains, such as oatmeal and whole-wheat products. Whole grains are particularly beneficial for breakfast. Starchy grain foods can improve brain performance and even lower your risk of diabetes. In addition to eating all of the foods listed above, you must also ensure that you get enough sleep every night. Sleep deprivation has been linked to one of the causes of poor brain performance. When you eat the right foods, you must also prepare your body so that these foods can function properly in your body. You should also avoid risky behaviors such as smoking and excessive drinking, which can impair your brain’s performance.

https://medicalcaremedia.com/3-foods-you-can-eat-to-improve-your-

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Twenty years ago this week, researchers renounced the right to patent the World Wide Web. Officials at CERN, the European research center where the Web was invented, wrote: CERN relinquishes all intellectual property to this code, both source and binary form and permission is granted for anyone to use, duplicate, modify and redistribute it. It's a dull sentence from a dull document. But that document marks the moment when the World Wide Web entered the public domain — a moment that was central to creating the Web as we know it today. I emailed Mark Lemley, an intellectual property expert at Stanford, to ask him about the counterfactual. Could the Web have been patented? And how would the world have been different if it had? Here's an excerpt from his reply: It is entirely possible that the Web could have been patented. A strong patent right would have driven innovation along a different path. Even in 1993, as the Web was being introduced, scholars and the government interested in data communications were talking about the "information superhighway," a proposed centralized, government-sponsored broadband network that would have delivered video from TV stations and other approved content. [It is this, and not the Internet, that Al Gore "invented"]. The Web is what happened from the bottom up while government and the telecommunications companies were still figuring out how to build something from the top down. But a patent right could have changed the course of innovation from the decentralized Internet model to a centralized information superhighway model. And we would all have been the poorer for it. This week, a CERN spokesman called the document "the single most valuable document in the history of the World Wide Web." There might be a bit of hyperbole in that statement. (It came from a guy sometimes called the half-spin doctor.) Still, at a moment when the technology world is swamped in patent lawsuits, it does seem worth pausing to appreciate the moment when a group of researchers renounced their intellectual property rights to patent and gave the World Wide Web to the world.

http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/05/01/180255276/the-single-most-valuable-

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Covid-19 vaccine scientists win Nobel Prize Two scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for their pioneering research that led to the development of mRNA vaccines, which helped curb the spread of Covid-19, it was announced early on Monday in Stockholm, Sweden. Dr. Katalin Kariko and Dr. Drew Weissman will share the prize almost two decades after first publishing a 2005 paper examining the potential benefits of mRNA technology. Their research received little attention at the time but the Nobel Prize committee praised the scientists’ “groundbreaking findings,” which they said “fundamentally changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system.” “The laureates contributed to the unprecedented rate of vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times,” the committee said in a statement on Monday. Kariko and Weissman were both said to be “overwhelmed” by the news when they were notified by telephone of their win. Traditional vaccine technology uses dead or weakened samples from a source bacterium or virus to prepare a person’s immune system to recognize and attack threats. mRNA, by comparison, prompts cells to make a protein based on a single strand of genetic code. In the case of the mRNA Covid-19 vaccines, it leads to cells producing the virus’ spike protein, which the immune system subsequently recognizes as foreign, preparing it to fight off a future infection. The Covid-19 vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech were both based on mRNA technology. “The impressive flexibility and speed with which mRNA vaccines can be developed pave the way for using the new platform also for vaccines against other infectious diseases,” the Nobel Prize committee said. Rickard Sandberg, one of the members of the Nobel Prize in medicine committee, added on Monday that Covid-19 vaccines had been administered over 13 billion times since the start of the pandemic. He said the vaccines “have saved millions of lives, prevented severe Covid-19, reduced the overall disease burden and enabled societies to open up again.” The same mRNA research is now being used to combat other diseases, including cancer. However, the widespread rollout of mRNA Covid-19 vaccines also led to “rare occurrences of myocarditis [inflammation of the heart tissue] following the second injection of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna” vaccines in teens and young adults, the Johns Hopkins Medicine website notes. It adds that the majority of these cases were “mild and cleared up on their own.” Hungarian-American biochemist Kariko and American physician Weismann are both professors at the University of Pennsylvania. The award comes with a monetary prize of $1 million. Last year’s prize was won by Swedish scientist Svante Paabo for research into Neanderthal DNA, which led to discoveries in our immune system, and also revealed a specific vulnerability humans have to severe cases of Covid-19.

https://www.rt.com/news/583893-nobel-prize-covid-vaccine-mrna/

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Sodium dichloroacetate, commonly referred to as DCA, is a salt of sodium and dichloroacetic acid. The formula of the compound is Cl2 CH COONa. Key characteristics and interesting facts about DCA • The structure of the DCA molecule resembles the combination of table salt and vinegar. • Under normal conditions, DCA appears in a white, powder form and is soluble in water. • Sodium dichloroacetate is not patentable. • There are no restrictions on its transportation; it can be freely sold without strict regulations. Production and Occurrence of DCA The compound is normally synthesized in laboratories. However, small quantities are widespread in the environment as a side product of water chlorination. DCA can also naturally occur in a variety of red algae including Asparagopsis taxiformis. Medical Uses of DCA Sodium Dichloroacetate has a long history of use in medicine. • It has been used for the treatment of children with genetic mitochondrial disorders for over 40 years. • Its pharmacology was extensively studied. • DCA has been researched in cells, animals, children and adults for various conditions as a monotherapy or in combination with other therapies. Table of Content Story of DCA - 1983 Congenital lactic acidosis - 1987 Ischemic stroke / Heart attack - 2007 Cancer - 2017 Pulmonary arterial hypertension - 2018 Chronic fatigue syndrome - 2019 Endometriosis Sodium dichloroacetate is a fascinating little molecule. The first contributions to its research began at the 70s. Slowly but surely it grew into an exercise in lateral thinking, bringing people all over the world together. (Ref.) Hundreds of published studies, some of them funded by the FDA, attempted to reveal whether this medication could become a new way of treating various incurable illnesses. (Ref.) On the flip side, since DCA is frequently found in the water around us, authorities such as the U.S. and the Australian government financed scientists to investigate the safety of this unknown substance. (Ref.) Soon after, DCA has received a lot of attention by becoming a drug that can help in managing a wide variety of diseases. This very day it remains the only available medicine for treating children with inherited errors of mitochondrial metabolism. (Ref.) DCA has also demonstrated efficacy in controlling conditions such as diabetes, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (Ref.1), (Ref.2), (Ref.3), (Ref.4) Over the past decades, the molecule has found its place among dozens of clinical trials with patients. The studies involving Sodium dichloroacetate display success in managing common, but difficult to treat conditions including pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic fatigue syndrome, endometriosis and malignancies. (Ref.1), (Ref.2), (Ref.3), (Ref.4) Nowadays, DCA is not only frequently seen in ongoing clinical research, the medication is also used to treat people in alternative medicine clinics globally. Besides, Sodium dichloroacetate is often offered to patients as an off-label drug in primary health care. Congenital Lactic Acidosis • Since 1983 Dichloroacetate has been put into practice to treat children with congenital lactic acidosis. DCA improves the quality of life as well as the survival of patients that suffer from dangerous mitochondrial disorders. (Ref.1), (Ref.2) The medication does so by stimulating the Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex enzymes located in our mitochondria. When aerobic glucose oxidation and lactic acid oxidation are enabled again, normal cellular metabolism can once again take place. Children that use DCA achieve lower serum concentrations of lactate, and thus develop less severe systemic metabolic acidosis. This allows these young patients to live a healthier life, especially in combination with other medical interventions. Above all, the previous clinical trials, that included DCA for childhood disease treatment, hold a significant role in determining the optimal and safe concentrations for therapeutic purposes. The side effects and long-term safety of the drug were closely investigated during the long years of research, which allowed for a quick transition to treating other medical conditions. (Ref.) Ischemic Stroke / Heart Attack • Since 1987 DCA has been researched on managing the outcome of ischemic strokes and heart attacks. Several important mechanisms were found to be key in supporting recovery from these medical emergencies. Essentially, dichloroacetate prevents post-hypoxic lactate accumulation in the damaged tissue, thus lowering the chances of a poor outcome. In case of myocardial infarction, DCA significantly improves the function of the injured heart. (Ref.1), (Ref.2) • In 2007, the antitumor effect of Sodium dichloroacetate has been discovered. Surprisingly, this amazing breakthrough happened by accident. The research team, led by Dr. Evangelos Michelakis, was examining Sodium dichloroacetate as a novel way to handle heart disorders. During the investigation, scientists noticed that the chemical imbalances occurring within tumor cells and mitochondria could be a potential target to cure neoplasms with DCA. To test this discovery, the researchers implanted tumor cells of brain, breast and lung in rats. Once the DCA treatment was applied, the majority of cancer cells died, some of the tumors began shrinking within hours. The action of the compound left healthy and normal cells unharmed. It appeared that the experimental rodents did not suffer any toxic side effects. On top of that, the tumor cells dramatically decreased in size. The outcome was certainly different from conventional chemotherapy. The discovery became pivotal in understanding that malignant diseases could be successfully treated by restoring and maintaining normal cellular metabolism in cancer cells. In the same year, a paper of these scientific reports soon became public. (List of studies – DCA for cancer) This innovative approach sparked a huge interest globally. Shortly afterwards more in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the powerful evidence of Sodium dichloroacetate‘s antitumor activity. Inevitably, doctors and patients became very keen to see if the repurposed drug could reach the clinical setting. This eventually led to one of the first human DCA clinical trials in 2010. The results of the trial were promising, however, without adequate funding additional research became impossible. (Ref.) Sadly, since it is a cheap, widely available drug that had its patent expire a decade ago, no pharmaceutical companies were interested in funding more clinical investigations since it would provide no profit. Therefore, the progress in DCA research remained slow-moving. Nevertheless, additional small clinical trials and published clinical cases guided to a better understanding on how DCA could be used to handle malignant diseases. Today it‘s known that the substance can be used as a powerful tool in cancer treatment. (Ref.) That is why DCA has been used as an alternative therapy for cancer treatment under professional medical supervision in one of Canada‘s first DCA clinics. In the years ahead, dozens of innovative, integrative medical centers in America, Europe as well as Asia started leading the way in redefining cancer treatment with Sodium dichloroacetate. For more information, please visit the DCA for Cancer page. • In 2017, one of the first clinical studies that used DCA for improving the health of people with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was completed. (Ref.) PAH is a progressive disease in which the blood vessels become stiffened due to excess muscle tissue in the walls of pulmonary arteries. In that case, the blood has a harder time reaching the lungs from the heart where it gets oxygenated. A group of scientists from Canada discovered that these altered muscle cells have tumor-like characteristics that can be reversed and treated with Sodium dichloroacetate. They proposed that metabolism plays a vital role in the development of the disease and decided to test this theory out in real-life conditions. (Ref.) Soon after, a clinical trial of 20 participants revealed that genetically susceptible pulmonary arterial hypertension patients respond to DCA treatment with a measurable decrease in their lung hypertension. Within 1-3 months people experienced an improvement of symptoms in everyday life coupled with a notable physical recovery. The positive results were observed in participants that took Sodium dichloroacetate in combination with other PAH treatments such as Sildenafil. Read the article – how DCA can improve symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension? Chronic Fatigue Syndrome • In 2018, a pilot trial in Europe, Belgium, demonstrated that DCA could treat the symptoms of Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME / CFS). Over half of the patients that participated in the clinical study reported an average 60% positive improvement in their fatigue scores. Many members of the ME / CFS online community later on managed to achieve comparable results when using a similar DCA protocol. (Ref.1) The energy in our body is mostly generated by mitochondria, also known as the powerhouses of the cell. It is hypothesized that ME / CFS patients have impaired function of these cellular little structures, which leads to extreme fatigue. Notably, Sodium dichloroacetate is known to restore mitochondrial activity. This could explain why DCA can result in replenished energy levels and an overall improvement in ME / CFS patients. The original DCA for ME / CFS protocol also involves additional food supplements that contribute to the health of mitochondria. Learn more about Myalgic encephalomyelitis / Chronic fatigue syndrome and how it can be treated with DCA. • In 2019, an Endometriosis research group from the University of Edinburgh discovered that the disease could successfully be managed by using DCA. Endometriosis is a chronic condition that causes debilitating pain, uncomfortable sexual intercourse, heavy periods and infertility. It is estimated that 1 out of 10 women between the ages of 18 and 40 years will suffer from this condition. Unfortunately, there is no cure and in the last decades there have been no major advances in treating the disease. (Ref.) Interestingly, through trial-and-error scientists discovered that displaced endometrial cells have a different metabolic type compared to those in healthy women. In vitro research showed that Endometriosis cells produce higher concentrations of lactate, which perhaps could be plummeted with Sodium dichloroacetate. The theory was soon tested in laboratory models. Having the newly acquired knowledge, the investigators managed to achieve marked size reduction in mice endometriotic lesions in just a week. (Ref.) The study convinced the researchers that DCA could finally be the missing key in handling Endometriosis symptoms. In a short time, an exploratory clinical trial took place in Scotland. Thirty women with laparoscopy confirmed superficial endometriosis received a medium sized DCA dose daily for 12 weeks. The clinical trial ended up with success, some of the women could finally start experiencing life without feeling trapped in their diagnosis. After these exciting results, another bigger clinical study might be on its way. (Ref.) In the near future, DCA could become the first non-hormonal treatment that treats the cause of this debilitating illness. Read the DCA for Endometriosis section for the latest updates and details on treatment of endometriotic conditions. How DCA Works? DCA has been researched and used in patients for more than 40 years. During this time, the most important features of its work mechanism have been well observed. (Ref.) Nevertheless, the simple question of how sodium dichloroacetate does its job can leave the majority scratching their heads. To put it in simple words, DCA can help restore the abnormalities of our metabolism back to normal. (Ref.) The term “metabolism“ can be defined as the sum of all chemical processes within a living organism that keep us alive. Our metabolism determines which substances are useful and nutritious. It also determines which substances are poisonous and need to be removed. Some diseases tend to change the way our metabolism typically works. These changes lead to the progression of certain sicknesses, as in the case with congenital lactic acidosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and endometriosis. (Ref.1), (Ref.2), (Ref.3) Similarly, abnormal metabolism provides unique advantages for tumor cells. Not only does the imbalance of cellular microenvironment potentiate growth and metastases, but it also helps tumors in avoiding the immune system as well as natural “programmed“ cell death (apoptosis). Both protect us from developing malignant diseases in the first place. (Ref.) As a rule, metabolism occurs in cells, the smallest units of our body. The cell contains tiny important structures called mitochondria, often referred to as the cellular powerhouses. Why do they earn such a name? About half our daily caloric intake passes through mitochondria where it gets converted to roughly 90% of the chemical energy that we use for our everyday functions. These structures also detoxify the toxins that tend to accumulate in our body. Just as importantly, mitochondria signal the old worn-down cells when it’s time to go. This way the body protects itself from defective and malignant cells. Thus, it is safe to assume that mitochondria play a vital role in our metabolism and health. (Ref.1), (Ref.2) But what happens when these tiny little structures don‘t work as well as they should? Then the harmony of our biochemistry becomes disrupted, creating the potential for harmful clinical consequences. For instance, we gain less energy from the nutrients that we get with food, produce more waste products, this leads to increased extracellular acidity, which in turn worsens symptoms. Not only do we feel extreme fatigue or pain, but also our natural protective mechanisms become suppressed. And that’s just to name a few. Where does sodium dichloroacetate come into play? DCA has a restorative effect on blocked and malfunctioning mitochondria. Once DCA is administered orally or by injection, it stimulates the enzymes in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by inhibiting Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) within 15-30 minutes of a single dose. (Ref.) PDK is often overexpressed in the case of tumors, pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy and endometriosis. The increased activity of PDK blocks the PDC, which in turn leads to mitochondrial energy failure and dysfunction. (Ref.1), (Ref.2), (Ref.3), (Ref.4) By suppressing PDK, sodium dichloroacetate restores the function of mitochondria. Subsequently, normal cellular respiration and energy production are resumed. The therapeutic effects linger for 12-24h after taking DCA. If the medication is taken on a regular basis, it leads to resolution of symptoms as well as regression of disease. (Ref.) As we delve deeper, we realize that it‘s a complex topic as it helps every disease in a different way. To find out more about the condition that interests you the most, please check the detailed articles: - DCA for Pulmonary arterial hypertension - DCA for Chronic fatigue syndrome - DCA for Endometriosis Sodium Dichloroacetate Dosage - Oral administration - Intravenous administration There are two main ways to take DCA – one can take it by oral or intravenous administration. Major advantages of the oral over the intravenous route are – lower drug cost, convenience and no requirement for a health professional or special equipment to give IV Sodium dichloroacetate. On the other hand, intravenous DCA has its own benefits – reduced risk of adverse reactions, a stronger therapeutic effect and it only needs to be administered two times a week. The quickest way to find out the precise daily sodium dichloroacetate dose for a specific condition is by using the new and improved DCAGuide.org calculator that is updated on a regular basis. The dose is calculated based on a simple mathematical formula. A kg x B mg/kg = C mg (Body weight x Dosage strength = Daily DCA dose) A – Body weight of a patient. Enter the value without the excess body weight. If possible, use the adjusted ideal body weight based on gender, age and height. To find out your adjusted ideal body weight, visit this site – link. B – DCA dosage strength. The ordinary DCA dose is 15 mg/kg, the lowest effective DCA dose is 6.25 mg/kg, a high DCA dose is 25-50 mg/kg a day. C – Daily DCA dose. The medication should be taken twice daily, one half with breakfast and the other half with dinner. Depending on the scheme, breaks from sodium dichloroacetate should be taken on weekends or each third week. • Cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension dosing schedule. For the best results in treating tumors and pulmonary arterial hypertension, use the fourteen days ON, seven days OFF scheme. Then repeat. This way the best therapeutic effect is obtained. What’s more, an adequate time frame is given for the person to flush excess DCA out of the body before a next cycle to minimize the risk of side effects. (Ref.) • Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis and endometriosis dosing schedule. For the best results with CFS/ME and endometriosis, the five days ON, two days OFF scheme might be the best. The cycle should be repeated every week. To handle the symptoms of these conditions a more constant DCA intake without bigger pauses is preferred. Alternating one week cycles seems to be the best choice. Sodium dichloroacetate should be taken on Monday – Friday, while a break should be made on Saturday – Sunday. Usually, patients should be treated starting at a lower dose – 20 mg/kg twice weekly (Monday and Thursday). If the treatment is well tolerated and no adverse reactions are observed after the first two infusions, one can start increasing the dose by 10 mg/kg each week. For example, titrate up to 30 mg/kg the second week, up to 40 mg/kg the third week, up to 50 mg/kg the fourth week and so on. If no serious side effects are experienced, the intravenous sodium dichloroacetate dose can be slowly increased up to 80 mg/kg. Optimal dosing is achieved in a range of 50 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg. The most favorable dose is the one that gives the best benefits yet doesn’t cause significant adverse reactions. This is different for every person and every case should be assessed individually. The IV DCA should be injected into NaCl 0,9 % 500 ml or Lactated Ringer’s 500 ml bag and administered intravenously over a period of 45 to 60 minutes at a rate of approximately 8-9 mL/min. Lactated Ringer’s solution is preferred over saline whenever possible. If possible, after the intravenous DCA dose administration is completed, intravenous Alpha-lipoic acid 600 mg and intravenous Vitamin B1 100 mg infusions should be given. Following the infusions, the patient should continue taking oral Alpha-lipoic acid and Vitamin B1 supplements daily as usual and without breaks to prevent side effects. General Principles of Oral and Intravenous Sodium Dichloroacetate Administration • You should always begin with a smaller dose. After the first DCA cycle is completed (e.g. a week or three weeks) and when you’re sure that DCA is well tolerated, the dose can be increased to the desired level. • Vitamin B1 and Alpha-lipoic acid supplements are necessary while taking DCA. They decrease the probability of side effects and their intensity. When DCA is used responsibly and according to the recommendations, the whole experience will most likely be safe and sound. Once you find out the ideal DCA strength that works for you, later on you can try using higher doses, avoid unnecessary discomfort and achieve better results. For more information, visit the DCA dosage and usage page. DCA safety and side effect prevention Sodium dichloroacetate is considered to be a fairly safe treatment. There have been no recorded cases for DCA to be a cause of death. When following the recommendations, it can be used repeatedly without issues. Some patients with congenital lactic acidosis have received DCA treatment continuously for over 10 years. (Ref.) On the other hand, DCA can cause mild or moderate side effects. Factors that determine the risk are age, genetics, dose strength, dosing schedule and whether protective food supplements are used with the DCA protocol. (Ref.) The positive side is that if someone experiences side effects, they are temporary and resolve after quitting DCA administration. Side effects of DCA can be grouped into two categories. 1) Peripheral neuropathy. It usually manifests as a sensation of tingling (‘‘pins and needles”) in the tongue, hands or feet. If left ignored and untreated, neuropathy can progress to a feeling of numbness or weakness in the hands of feet. This normally takes months to develop. The side effect is reversible and typically resolves in a couple of weeks or months after stopping DCA. Additional supplementation with Vitamin B1, Alpha-lipoic acid and other natural food supplements can prevent/reduce the risk of occurrence. Having neuropathy from previous chemotherapy treatments, diabetes, alcoholism, infections or autoimmune diseases can sometimes increase the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy from DCA. (Ref.) 2) Sleepiness, mental fogginess, confusion or mood changes. These side effects can appear temporarily after DCA administration and usually resolve within a couple of hours. Taking central nervous system affecting drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines, opioids, antipsychotic or other similar medications can increase the risk, especially if adverse reactions from the previous medications are already present. Large doses of intravenous DCA can sometimes cause mild post-infusion sedation. Additional supplementation with Vitamin B1, Alpha-lipoic acid and other natural food supplements can prevent/reduce the risk of occurrence. • Gastrointestinal and hepatic. 1) Heartburn and nausea. These side effects are temporary, uncommon and usually appear as a result of a direct irritation to the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract by Sodium dichloroacetate powder or solution. However, they can still be experienced when taking DCA capsules. If you‘re experiencing stomach discomfort after DCA ingestion, a quick solution would be taking proton-pump inhibitors such as Omeprazole, Esomeprazole or Pantoprazole to fix the problem. The side effect has a higher risk of occurring for those with a history of stomach or digestion problems. 2) Mild asymptomatic liver enzyme elevation. A rare side effect of long-term DCA administration. Blood tests of the patient can show the increase of AST and ALT levels. However, the increase is usually mild and the elevation can be brought back to baseline levels with a temporary break from DCA or using natural supplements for liver health such as milk thistle or essential phospholipids. To prevent/reduce the risk of neurological side effects of Sodium dichloroacetate, the most important thing one can do is to take protective supplements. These supplements are also used in hospitals as well as in naturopathic clinics to treat neurological toxicity (etc. diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy). • Vitamin B1 – thiamine or benfotiamine. (Necessary) (twice a day, with/after breakfast and lunch) The Vitamin is the main neuroprotective component of the DCA protocol. The metabolism of large Sodium dichloroacetate quantities for a prolonged time can generate excessive compounds and oxidative stress that can harm the cells supporting our peripheral nerves. (Ref.) To avoid this, Vitamin B1 additional supplementation is crucial. It is speculated that thiamine or benfotiamine help in controlling DCA induced stress on the peripheral nerves in a similar way as with other metabolic neuropathic effects. (Ref.) Thiamine is the most popular and cheap form of Vitamin B1 supplementation. However, benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble version of thiamine, reaches the target more efficiently, therefore, has a better neuroprotective effect and requires lower quantities to get the same result. (Ref.1), (Ref.2) Vitamin B1 supplements also help in preventing other neurological side effects associated with prolonged DCA use. • Alpha–Lipoic acid. (Necessary) (three times a day, with/after breakfast, lunch and dinner) α-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant found in every cell, it is also synthesized in our bodies. The compound is used to prevent and reduce the effects of diabetic neuropathy. (Ref.) Since the ALA is a strong antioxidant, it serves as a compound that protects the neural tissues against excessive oxidative stress generated by sodium dichloroacetate. (Ref.) It also means that ALA should not be used 2 days before and 7 days after chemotherapy to avoid diminishing the effects of the medications. Taking ALA is also not recommended 2 days before and 14 days after radiotherapy. • Acetyl-L-carnitine. (Recommended) (three times a day, with/after breakfast, lunch and dinner) Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) promotes growth and regeneration of peripheral nerve tissues. Therefore, supplementation of ALC seems a reasonable option for anyone using the DCA protocol. (Ref.) There are no negative interactions between sodium dichloroacetate and other conventional therapies, which makes it a desirable additional option to treatments like Vitamin B1 and ALA. However, ALC can intensify the effects of Warfarin, a blood thinner.

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There have been several conspiracy theories surrounding taking the COVID-19 vaccines even before they were discovered. Most of those conspiracy theories were borne out of religious and social factors, as well as outright fake news. Now that the vaccines have been made available in most countries, including Nigeria, there have been concerns in some quarters as to the efficacy of the vaccines, particularly the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, whose use was suspended by some countries recently due to presumed cases of blood clotting after use. There is, however, no reason to be afraid. The cases of blood clotting recorded were minimal. Moreover, clinical trials conducted by the European Medicines Agency and the United States have found the vaccine to be “safe and effective,” offering complete protection against the worst outcomes from COVID-19 while causing no serious side effects. The vaccine is even now being used again by countries that earlier suspended it. In fact, all the vaccines approved for use globally have been tested and trusted because like other drugs, the COVID-19 vaccines went through multiple phases of rigorous testing, analysis, and review. The clinical trials for the COVID-19 enrolled far more participants than other vaccine trials. Also, agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration closely monitors the vaccine development process and testing results for efficacy and safety. As part of the FDA’s formal process to determine if the vaccine is approved for public use, it also seeks a recommendation from a multidisciplinary team of experts consisting of independent medical officers, microbiologists, chemists, biostatisticians, and other health experts. But if you still have concerns about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and among those feeling hesitant about getting a COVID-19 vaccine, below are 10 reasons why you should consider getting vaccinated. To help stop the pandemic According to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, wearing face masks and social distancing help reduce your chance of being exposed to the coronavirus or spreading it to others, but these measures are not enough. Vaccines will work with your immune system so it will be ready to fight the virus if you are exposed, the CDC says on its website. The agency states that the combination of getting vaccinated and following COVID-19 safety protocols offers the best protection from COVID-19. “Stopping a pandemic requires using all the tools available,” the CDC says. It helps from contracting the virus COVID-19 vaccines were evaluated in clinical trials and have been approved because the studies show that the vaccines significantly reduce the probability of contracting the virus. Based on what has been proved about vaccines for other diseases, the COVID-19 vaccines may help keep you from getting seriously ill, even if you don’t get the virus. Getting vaccinated also may protect people around you—particularly those at greater risk for severe illness from COVID-19. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: Why UTME students must use NIN to register –JAMB registrar A professor of medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Division of Infectious Diseases, US, Michael Saag, says the true value of the vaccine is more easily noticeable than if the vaccine development had failed. “We would have been faced with an exploding pandemic for which there was no end in sight,” Saag says. “It might continue to burn through the population for another two to four years.” He adds that the vaccine works at an almost unprecedented level of effectiveness. Side effects are usually mild, temporary Experts at the University of Colorado Boulder Medical Services, US, say it is important to remember that side effects are normal (they may be more common after the second dose) and show that your immune system is building up protection against the virus. However, many people do not even experience side effects after vaccination. But if you do experience side effects, they are usually mild and go away within a few days. Common vaccine side effects include pain or swelling at the injection site, headache, chills, tiredness, and fever. The vaccines don’t alter DNA One of the conspiracy theories that sprang up is that taking the vaccine could alter the human DNA. But it is outright fake news. Saag says these mRNA vaccines give instructions to our cells to make a harmless piece of what is called the spike protein. The spike protein is found on the surface of the virus. “COVID-19 mRNA never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where DNA (genetic material) is stored. Once the instructions are inside your muscle cells, the cells use them to make the protein piece, then the cells break down the instructions and get rid of them,” he says. “Next, the cell places the protein piece on its surface. The immune system spots the protein and begins building an immune response and making antibodies to fight the infection. At the end of this process, our bodies have learned how to protect against future infection,” Saag adds. Prof Martin Michaelis and Dr Mark Wass of the School of Biosciences at the University of Kent, United Kingdom, also debunked the theory that the vaccines alter the DNA. “None of the vaccines interacts with our DNA. Hence, a manipulation of DNA is technically impossible,” they say. Vaccines save lives An Associate Head (Students), School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK, Alessandro Siani, notes that things have come a long way since Edward Jenner first vaccinated a young boy against smallpox in 1796. The World Health Organisation estimates that vaccination currently prevents two million to three million deaths every year. Siani says, “Smallpox, which claimed approximately 300 million lives in the 20th century alone, has been fully eradicated thanks to the development and implementation of safe and effective vaccines. “For some people today, COVID-19 also proves fatal. If you’re at high risk from the disease, getting vaccinated could save your life.” To protect and support health services An Ibadan, Oyo State-based public health expert, Dr Kunle Adedapo, says receiving a vaccine means that you are less likely to contract infectious diseases on your lifetime. This, in turn, relieves the pressure on health workers and the health system. “When we relieve the health workers of some pressure, they can then dedicate their efforts, funds and equipment to helping patients with non-preventable illnesses. “So getting vaccinated against COVID-19 will help in exactly the same way – freeing up resources by lowering case numbers and preventing further backlogs of other treatments,” Adedapo tells Saturday PUNCH. The expert also states that when enough people are vaccinated against an infectious disease such as COVID-19, it can be effectively stopped from spreading, because there are too few people to infect. He says this is known as “herd immunity.” “Reaching herd immunity means that even those who cannot receive the vaccination, perhaps due to some medical conditions) are protected,” says Adedapo. YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: Petrol price hike only after negotiation with labour — NNPC To save time and money Siani of the University of Portsmouth says vaccines have been widely recognised as one of the most time- and cost-effective medical interventions one can have. “Receiving a vaccination only takes a few minutes and is very cheap (or, for many people, free). “On the other hand, contracting an infectious disease means taking time off from school or work and potentially racking up hefty medical bills,” he says. To limit drug resistance Antimicrobial resistance has been identified by the WHO as one of the 10 greatest threats to global health (as has vaccine hesitancy). The continuous overuse of antibiotic and antiviral drugs causes bacteria and viruses to become resistant to them, resulting in untreatable infections spreading. By preventing us from getting infected in the first place, vaccinations allow us to reduce our use of antibiotics and antivirals, therefore limiting the insurgence of drug-resistant strains of bacteria and viruses. To restore society to normal Who is not tired of lockdowns and restrictions? Everyone probably is. However, for these measures to be lifted and for society to return to normal, it is important to get vaccinated so as to prevent spreading the virus when we fully start interacting with one another again. According to medical experts, a vaccine is the best and only way to return to life as “normal,” or closer to what it was before COVID-19. While it will take some time to roll out vaccines to everyone globally, every individual vaccinated is a step in the right direction, even as people continue to follow the safety precautions. In addition, Siani says another benefit getting the COVID-19 vaccine offers is to be able to travel safely. He says, “Travelling to other countries exposes you to pathogens your immune system is not familiar with. By receiving the vaccinations recommended for your destination, you’ll be able to enjoy your holiday without this risking an emergency visit to a local hospital or bringing back unwanted bugs. “Likewise, keeping up to date with your recommended vaccination schedule protects the inhabitants of your holiday destination from any infections you may otherwise carry with you. For this reason, COVID-19 vaccines could become mandatory for travel as they are rolled out.” To protect future generations Siani says that over the course of history, humanity has had to coexist with many debilitating and life-threatening diseases that are now rare thanks to childhood vaccination programmes. He says, “However, the pandemic provides a dramatic example of the devastating global effect that a single disease can have in the absence of a vaccine. “Immunising ourselves and our children against infectious diseases today is an invaluable gift to future generations. Suppressing diseases in the present will allow people in the future to live longer and healthier lives.” All rights reserved. This material, and other digital content on this website, may not be reproduced, published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or in part without prior express written permission from PUNCH. Contact: [email protected]

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Logistics is a vast and complex field of the supply chain that involves the planning, coordination, and management of the movement and storage of goods and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It plays a crucial role in businesses and organisations of all sizes across a wide range of industries. There are various ways to classify and differentiate logistics based on the activities and functions involved in an eCommerce business. This blog aims to provide insight into the different kinds of logistics in the modern landscape by looking at their purpose, processes, and applications. So, let’s dive in! Understanding The Logistics Functions Logistics plays a vital role in an organisation’s success because it ensures that products are available at the right time, at the right place, and in the right assortments. The modern logistics function is a system that helps companies manage the flow of products throughout their supply chain. It is designed based on the stated logistics objectives so that minimum cost would incur for the accomplishment of these objectives. Four Major Logistics Functions Below is a list of the major logistic functions. You should be familiar with them all. Transportation is the process of physically moving goods from one location to another. We can say logistics is transporting goods from point A to B. Transportation plays a crucial role in supply chain management, whether it’s moving raw materials to a manufacturing plant, finishing products to a warehouse for storage, or delivering goods to customers. Several different modes of transportation can be used in the eCommerce business, depending on the type and size of the goods being shipped, as well as the distance and speed of delivery. For example, large shipments of goods might be transported by truck or train, while smaller packages might be shipped by air or boat. Warehousing is a crucial function of logistics because it is where goods are stored until they are needed for distribution or use. These large facilities that are designed to store and manage a wide range of products provide a safe and secure location for storing goods, which can include everything from fragile items that need to be handled with care to heavy machinery that requires specialised equipment for handling. Warehouses are also designed to be highly organised to promote last-mile delivery in eCommerce. Goods are typically stored in designated areas and carefully labelled to ensure easy order fulfilment. Inventory management is an important function of logistics because it systematically tracks and controls inventory levels to ensure that the right amount of goods is available in the warehouses when needed. This is critical for eCommerce businesses because having too little inventory can result in lost sales and a bad customer experience. On the other hand, too much inventory can tie up capital and increase storage costs. Effective inventory management requires a careful balance between these two extremes, and it involves a range of activities such as forecasting demand, determining order quantities, and setting reorder points. It also involves using advanced systems and technologies to track inventory levels in real-time and generate reports and alerts when inventory is running low, or there are discrepancies in the data. Packaging is the process of designing and creating materials and methods for protecting and transporting goods safely and efficiently. It helps ensure that goods arrive at their destination in good condition, and it can also help improve the overall efficiency of the supply chain by reducing handling and storage costs. There are many different types of packaging goods, and it depends on the type of goods being shipped, as well as the distance and mode of transportation. Today businesses focus more on the packaging of products as it plays a big role in branding. What are 2PL, 3PL, and 4PL? There are different types of logistics an eCommerce business can avail according to the needs and size of operation. When an eCommerce store outsources only shipping and storage activities to an external provider is called 2PL. The 2PL operator, or second-party logistics, refers to a company that provides logistics services to another company on a contract basis and manages only one part of logistics without including integrated logistics solutions. 2PL can be a convenient and cost-effective solution for companies that need logistics services but want to avoid investing in their infrastructure or hiring a full-time logistics team. For example, a toy manufacturer must ship its products to national retailers. However, instead of managing the logistics by themselves, they hire a 2PL company to handle the transportation and warehousing. The 2PL company would then use its trucks and warehouses to store and transport the toys while the toy manufacturer focuses on other aspects of its business. 3PL, or third-party logistics, refers to a company that provides end-to-end logistics solutions to its client. These services include transportation, fleet management, inventory management, warehousing, packaging, and order fulfilment. 3PL is best for companies that need a wide range of logistics services and want to outsource them to a single provider. It’s like having your own logistics department without the hassle of managing it yourself! For example, a clothing retailer needs to ship its products to stores all over the country. Instead of managing the logistics by themselves, they hire a 3PL provider to handle everything. The 3PL provider would receive the clothing at its warehouse, sort and store it, and manage inventory, packaging, order fulfilment, and customer services. The retailer places its orders with the 3PL provider, and the 3PL takes care of the rest. 4PL, or fourth-party logistics, refers to a company that acts as a “lead logistics provider,” coordinating and integrating the activities of other logistics service providers (such as 3PLs, carriers, and suppliers) to create a seamless and efficient supply chain for its clients. 4PLs are often referred to as “integrators” because they combine all the different supply chain elements and manage them as a single entity. 4PLs can offer various services such as transportation management, warehousing and distribution, procurement, and inventory management. They may also provide consulting and advisory services to help clients optimize their supply chain operations. One key difference between 4PLs and traditional 3PLs is that 4PLs generally have a more strategic and consultative role, working with clients to develop customized supply chain solutions that meet their specific needs and goals. They may also take on more responsibility for managing and integrating the various components of the supply chain, including both logistics and non-logistics activities. For example, a fashion retailer must source materials from overseas suppliers, manufacture the products in multiple locations, and distribute them to stores and customers worldwide. Instead of managing the logistics by themselves, they hire a 4PL provider to handle everything for them. The 4PL provider works with the retailer to develop a customized supply chain plan that includes everything from sourcing and production to distribution and customer service. In addition, the 4PL coordinates with the retailer’s suppliers and manufacturers to ensure that materials and products are delivered on time. Finally, they use their transportation and warehousing network to store and ship the products to the retailer’s stores and customers. The 4PL also provides regular updates and reports to the retailer on the progress of the supply chain. In addition, they work with the retailer to identify opportunities for improvement and cost savings. Inbound and Outbound Logistics Logistics is a critical component of any business’s success. However, if you want your supply chain to be as efficient and effective as possible, you must know how inbound and outbound logistics work. What is Inbound Logistics? Inbound logistics refers to transporting and storing goods as they flow into a business from suppliers or manufacturers. It is a crucial aspect of supply chain management. It involves coordinating all the activities and resources needed to bring goods into a business and make them available for use or sale. Inbound logistics can include various activities, such as Procurement, Transportation, Warehousing, and Inventory management. Effective inbound logistics requires careful planning and coordination to ensure that goods are delivered on time and in good condition. It can help businesses reduce costs and improve efficiency by minimizing delays and waste. An example of inbound logistics would be: A furniture manufacturer needs raw materials such as lumber, fabric, and hardware from the supplier to produce its products. Therefore the manufacturer’s inbound logistics team is responsible for coordinating the procurement and transportation of these materials. First, the team works with the manufacturer’s purchasing department to identify the necessary materials and negotiate prices with the suppliers. They then coordinate with the transportation department to arrange for the materials to be shipped from the suppliers to the manufacturer’s warehouse. Once the materials arrive at the warehouse, they are inspected for quality and stored until they are needed for production. Features of Inbound Logistics - Coordination of procurement and transportation of goods from suppliers or manufacturers: Inbound logistics involves coordinating all the activities and resources needed to bring goods into a business from external sources. This includes identifying and purchasing the necessary materials and components from suppliers, as well as arranging for the transportation of the goods to the business. - Storage and management of goods in warehouses: Once goods are received from suppliers, they must be stored in a designated facility until they are needed for production or distribution. This could be a warehouse, a distribution centre, or other storage facilities. - Tracking and control of inventory levels: Inbound logistics also involves tracking and controlling inventory levels to ensure that the right amount of goods is available when needed while minimizing excess inventory. - Quality inspection of incoming goods: Ensuring that incoming goods meet the required quality standards is an important aspect of inbound logistics. This may involve inspecting goods for defects or damage upon receipt and taking appropriate action if any issues are found. - Use of advanced systems and technologies: Inbound logistics professionals often rely on advanced systems and technologies to facilitate their operations. These can include transportation management systems, warehouse management systems, inventory management systems, and other types of software and hardware that help to automate and optimize logistics processes. - Collaboration with suppliers and other partners: Inbound logistics often involves working closely with suppliers, carriers, and other partners to ensure that goods are delivered on time and in good condition. What Are The Outbound Logistics Of A Business? Outbound logistics refers to transporting and storing goods as they flow out of business to customers or other end users. It involves coordinating all the activities and resources needed to get goods from the business to their final destination. Outbound logistics can include various activities, such as order processing, transportation, warehousing, inventory management, tracking and controlling inventory, distribution, and delivering goods to customers. An example of outbound logistics would be: An online retailer sells various products to customers worldwide through its website. Therefore when a customer places an order, the outbound logistics team receives the order and retrieves the necessary products from the retailer’s warehouse. They then pack the products in a suitable shipping container, apply any necessary labels or markings, and arrange for the order to be shipped to the customer’s address. The outbound logistics team uses its transportation network and third-party carriers to deliver orders to customers. They also manage the retailer’s products’ inventory levels, ensuring a sufficient supply on hand to meet demand while minimizing excess inventory. Logistics distribution refers to moving goods from a central location to multiple distribution points or the end user. It is a crucial aspect of supply chain management, as it involves coordinating all the activities and resources needed to get goods to their final destination efficiently and cost-effectively. There are many factors to consider in logistics distribution, such as: - Transportation: Selecting the most appropriate mode of transportation, such as truck, rail, air, or sea, based on factors such as cost, speed, and the type and volume of goods being shipped. - Warehousing: Storing goods in a designated facility, such as a warehouse, until they are needed for distribution or delivery. - Inventory management: Tracking and controlling inventory levels to ensure that the right amount of goods is available for distribution when needed while minimizing excess inventory. - Distribution networks: Designing and implementing a network of distribution centers, warehouses, and other distribution points that can support the efficient flow of goods to customers or other end users. - Customer service: Providing timely and accurate delivery of goods to customers and responding to any issues or challenges that may arise during the distribution process. An example of distribution in logistics would be: A food manufacturer produces and packages various products, such as cereals, snacks, and beverages, at its central facility. The manufacturer’s logistics team distributes the products to customers and end users. The logistics team works with the manufacturer’s sales and marketing department to identify the demand for the products in different regions and markets. They then design a distribution network that includes warehouses and other distribution points in key locations, such as major cities or transportation hubs. The logistics team coordinates the transportation of the products from the central facility to the distribution points, using a combination of their fleet of trucks and third-party carriers. Is Distribution The Same As Logistics? Distribution and logistics are closely related, but they are different. Logistics refers to the planning, coordinating, and managing the movement and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It involves integrating various activities and resources, such as transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and customer service, to ensure that goods are delivered to their final destination efficiently and cost-effectively. On the other hand, distribution refers specifically to moving goods from a central location to multiple points of distribution or the end user. It is a key component of logistics. It involves the selection and coordination of the transportation and storage of goods and the management of inventory and distribution networks. So, while distribution is an essential part of logistics, it differs from logistics. Logistics encompasses a broader range of activities and functions necessary to manage the flow of goods and information throughout the supply chain. What Is Meant By Reverse Logistics? Reverse logistics is the process of managing the return and disposal of goods that are no longer needed or wanted by the customer. This is a crucial and complex aspect of supply chain management, as it involves coordinating the return of goods from multiple locations and parties and ensuring that they are correctly handled and disposed of. Reverse logistics also involves coordinating all the activities and resources needed to move goods back through the supply chain, either to the point of origin or to another location. An example of reverse logistics would be: A consumer electronics manufacturer sells smartphones and other devices to customers worldwide. When a customer returns a product to the manufacturer, the reverse logistics team receives the product and inspects it to determine the reason for the return. If the product is defective, the team arranges for it to be repaired or replaced. If the customer no longer wants the product, the team tries to resell it or find another use for it. The 5 Rs of Reverse Logistics - Return: it is the process of returning a product to the manufacturer by customers, either because it is defective, no longer needed, or for some other reason. - Resell: The process of selling a product that has been returned or is no longer needed by the customers. This can involve finding a new product customer or selling it through a secondary market. - Repair: The process of fixing a product or component that is broken or not functioning correctly. This can involve diagnosing and troubleshooting the problem, sourcing and replacing necessary parts, and testing the product to ensure it works properly. - Replace The process of exchanging a defective or unwanted product for a new or refurbished product. - Recycle: The process of breaking down a product or material into raw materials or components, which can then be used to create new products. Reverse logistics often involves coordinating the recycling of products or materials that are no longer needed or wanted to reduce waste and minimize environmental impacts. As an eCommerce business, you must know which logistics service is ideal for business. You may need a 2PL operator for fulfilment if you’re a small eCommerce store. Otherwise, a 3PL logistics company is the best if you’ve enough capital and need complete logistics expertise. Or 4PL logistics provider if you need expertise and consultation to optimize your supply chain, expand to different markets, and for end-to-end logistics solutions. There are logistics aggregators for small and medium eCommerce brands for their end-to-end logistics solutions, such as NimbusPost. These logistics aggregators help negotiate with shipping companies, calculate the shipping cost, and choose the courier partner through their AI-driven platform. Is Amazon a 3PL? Yes, Amazon is a 3PL (third-party logistics) company. The eCommerce giants not only offer their customers the means to sell their products online but also offer to store those products in their fulfilment centres, pick, pack, and ship them and provide customer service, including handling returns. Their service– Amazon FBA provides logistics services to businesses that sell their products through Amazon’s online marketplace. Amazon’s 3PL services include fulfilment (receiving, storing, and packing orders for shipment), transportation (using its fleet of planes, trucks, and delivery vans), and customer service (handling returns and resolving issues). Amazon’s vast network of 145 fulfilment centres worldwide allows it to offer fast and efficient delivery to customers in many countries.

https://nimbuspost.com/blog/types-of-logistics-know-the-different-

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- August 9, 2017 Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices. Since full substation automation relies on substation integration, the terms are often used interchangeably. Power-system automation includes processes associated with generation and delivery of power. Monitoring and control of power delivery systems in the substation and on the pole reduce the occurrence of outages and shorten the duration of outages that do occur. The IEDs, communications protocols, and communications methods, work together as a system to perform power-system automation. The term “power system” describes the collection of devices that make up the physical systems that generate, transmit, and distribute power. The term “instrumentation and control (I&C) system” refers to the collection of devices that monitor, control, and protect the power system. Power-system automation is composed of several tasks. Data acquisition refers to acquiring, or collecting, data. This data is collected in the form of measured analog current or voltage values or the open or closed status of contact points. Acquired data can be used locally within the device collecting it, sent to another device in a substation, or sent from the substation to one or several databases for use by operators, engineers, planners, and administration. Computer processes and personnel supervise, or monitor, the conditions and status of the power system using this acquired data. Operators and engineers monitor the information remotely on computer displays and graphical wall displays or locally, at the device, on front-panel displays and laptop computers. Control refers to sending command messages to a device to operate the I&C and power-system devices. Traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems rely on operators to supervise the system and initiate commands from an operator console on the master computer. Field personnel can also control devices using front-panel push buttons or a laptop computer. In addition, another task is power-system integration, which is the act of communicating data to, from, or among IEDs in the I&C system and remote users. Substation integration refers to combining data from the IED’s local to a substation so that there is a single point of contact in the substation for all of the I&C data. Power-system automation processes rely on data acquisition; power-system supervision and power-system control all working together in a coordinated automatic fashion. The commands are generated automatically and then transmitted in the same fashion as operator initiated commands. Hardware structure of the power-system automation The instrument transformers with protective relays are used to sense the power-system voltage and current. They are physically connected to power-system apparatus and convert the actual power-system signals. The transducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage. Also the input data is taken from the auxiliary contacts of switch gears and power-system control equipment. Main processing instrumentation and control (I&C) device The I&C devices built using microprocessors are commonly referred to as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). Microprocessors are single chip computers that allow the devices into which they are built to process data, accept commands, and communicate information like a computer. Automatic processes can be run in the IEDs. Some IEDs used in power-system automation are Remote Terminal Unit A remote terminal unit is an IED that can be installed in a remote location, and acts as a termination point for field contacts. A dedicated pair of copper conductors is used to sense every contact and transducer value. These conductors originate at the power-system device, are installed in trenches or overhead cable trays, and are then terminated on panels within the RTU. The RTU can transfer collected data to other devices and receive data and control commands from other devices. User programmable RTUs are referred to as “smart RTUs.” Meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurements of power-system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create historical information about the activity of the power system. Digital fault recorder A digital fault recorder (DFR) is an IED that records information about power-system disturbances. It is capable of storing data in a digital format when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs Programmable logic controller (PLC) A Programmable Logic Controller can be programmed to perform logical control. As with the RTU, a dedicated pair of copper conductors for each contact and transducer value is terminated on panels within the PLC. It is like a work-horse which work upon the command given by their master. A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power-system disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and equipment. The relay has local termination so that the copper conductors for each contact do not have to be routed to a central termination panel associated with RTU Supervisory control and data acquisition Main article: SCADA A supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) transmits and receives logic or data from events of controls, metering, measuring, safety and monitoring of process devices such as Electrical equipment, Instrumentation devices, telecommunication on industrial applications. Power system elements ranging from pole-mounted switches to entire power plants can be controlled remotely over long distance communication links. Remote switching, telemetering of grids (showing voltage, current, power, direction, consumption in kWh, etc.), even automatic synchronization is used in some power systems.

https://excelautomationsolutions.com/power-system-

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History Of Highlife Music – The Origin From the shores of West Africa emerges a musical genre that resonates with the soul and echoes the vibrant spirit of its people. Highlife music, with its infectious melodies, intricate rhythms, and deep cultural roots, stands as a cornerstone of the region’s artistic heritage. Embarking on a journey through the history, characteristics, social significance, and global influence of highlife, we uncover a musical tapestry that intertwines tradition and modernity, uniting communities and captivating audiences worldwide. Origins and Evolution The birthplace of highlife music is often traced to the coastal towns of Ghana and Nigeria during the late 19th century. Emerging as a synthesis of traditional Akan rhythms and European musical elements brought by colonialists and sailors, highlife quickly found its place in the hearts of West Africans. In its early days, highlife was characterized by its fusion of indigenous melodies and Western instruments, such as brass bands and guitars. The genre’s name itself is indicative of its aspirational nature, with “highlife” connoting the idea of upward social mobility and the pursuit of a better life. As the 20th century progressed, highlife underwent various transformations. It embraced influences from Latin America, jazz, and swing, further enriching its sonic palette. Pioneering artists like E.T. Mensah, the “King of Highlife,” and Osibisa, a band that blended highlife with rock and funk, contributed to the genre’s evolution. Highlife’s adaptability and propensity for fusion ensured its longevity and continued relevance in a changing musical landscape. Musical Elements and Characteristics Central to highlife’s allure is its captivating blend of musical elements. The genre’s rhythmic complexity draws from the intricate rhythms of West African percussion instruments, such as the kpanlogo drums and congas. This foundation is complemented by the melodic interplay between Western brass instruments and indigenous string instruments, such as the guitar and the palm wine guitar. Highlife compositions often feature call-and-response vocals, creating an interactive dynamic between the lead singer and the chorus. The lyrics frequently touch upon themes of love, societal issues, and everyday experiences, making them relatable to a wide range of listeners. The danceability of highlife rhythms further amplifies its universal appeal, encouraging people to join in communal celebrations. Cultural Significance and Social Context Highlife music is more than just entertainment; it’s a mirror reflecting the values, hopes, and challenges of West African societies. The lyrics often delve into matters of social justice, colonialism, and the aspirations of everyday people. Through storytelling, highlife has historically been a vehicle for preserving oral traditions and sharing cultural wisdom across generations. Beyond its lyrical content, highlife serves as a unifying force. In its formative years, it provided a space for diverse communities to come together and celebrate. Highlife events, often featuring energetic dancing and jubilant music-making, fostered a sense of belonging and camaraderie. Even today, highlife gatherings maintain their ability to unite people from different walks of life. Global Impact and Influence The influence of highlife music extends far beyond the shores of West Africa. In the mid-20th century, African artists began to incorporate highlife elements into their works, enriching their own musical traditions. Highlife’s impact on genres like Congolese rumba, Cape Verdean morna, and Nigerian Afrobeat is palpable. Furthermore, highlife’s international journey saw it influencing global popular music. The groovy rhythms and vibrant melodies of highlife captured the attention of musicians worldwide. Artists like Paul Simon, in his groundbreaking album “Graceland,” and Afrobeat legend Fela Kuti, who infused highlife with political and social commentary, drew inspiration from highlife’s rich tapestry. Challenges and Resurgence While highlife remains deeply cherished, it has faced challenges in maintaining its prominence amid the evolving music industry. The emergence of new genres and technological advancements posed competition for the genre’s spotlight. However, a resurgence of interest in traditional music and the efforts of contemporary artists to infuse highlife with modern sounds have breathed new life into the genre. Young artists are embracing highlife, reimagining its characteristics in innovative ways while retaining its core essence. This revival not only pays homage to the genre’s history but also ensures its continued relevance for generations to come. Preservation and Future Prospects As with any cultural treasure, the preservation of highlife music is crucial. Initiatives to document the genre’s history, educate younger generations, and provide platforms for highlife artists to share their craft are essential for its longevity. Collaborations between seasoned highlife musicians and emerging talents contribute to the genre’s continuity, creating a bridge between the past and the future. Highlife Music – Conclusion Highlife music, with its captivating rhythms and melodic richness, serves as a testament to the power of cultural fusion. Born from the interactions between indigenous traditions and colonial influences, highlife encapsulates the resilience and creativity of West African communities. Its journey from the shores of Ghana and Nigeria to the global stage showcases its ability to transcend boundaries and inspire artists across continents. As we celebrate highlife’s past, present, and future, we recognize its role in uniting people, preserving traditions, and uplifting spirits. From the jubilant celebrations of its early days to the contemporary sounds that honor its heritage, highlife music remains a harmonious testament to the vibrant cultural mosaic of West Africa. Want To Make Good Afrobeat Music? We offer top notch online Afrobeat music making services here at Freaksonar. Find our services below :

https://www.freaksonar.com/history-of-highlife-music-the-

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As a mom, you want to create a nurturing and supportive home environment for your child with autism. With sensory sensitivities, communication challenges, and unique needs, it’s essential to create an environment that promotes their sensory, emotional, and social regulation. Creating an autism-friendly environment can significantly impact your child’s comfort, development, and overall well-being and in this article, we will explore practical strategies and tips for creating an autism-friendly home environment for your child. From creating sensory-friendly spaces to establishing visual schedules, we will provide valuable insights and ideas to help you make your home a safe, welcoming, and accommodating space where your child with autism can thrive. Why Do You Need To Create A Friendly Environment For Your Autistic Child? Here are some reasons why creating an autism-friendly home environment is essential for your child: Many children with autism have sensory sensitivities, which means they may be overwhelmed or overstimulated by certain sights, sounds, textures, or smells. Creating a sensory-friendly environment at home can help your child regulate their sensory input, reduce sensory overload, and create a sense of calm and comfort. Communication challenges are common in autism, and providing a communication-friendly environment at home can foster your child’s communication skills. Visual supports, such as visual schedules, labels, and social stories, can aid in understanding and expression, while a conducive environment for communication can encourage your child to communicate their needs, thoughts, and feelings. Children with autism may struggle with emotional regulation, and a supportive home environment can help promote emotional well-being. A calming and predictable home environment can reduce anxiety and stress, provide a sense of security, and foster emotional resilience in your child. Social skills are important for children with autism, and creating opportunities for social interaction at home can be beneficial. Designing spaces that encourage social play, communication, and social bonding with family members can help your child develop and practice social skills in a familiar and supportive environment. Independence and Autonomy Promoting independence and autonomy is crucial for children with autism. Creating an autism-friendly home environment that is organized, accessible, and structured can empower your child to develop self-help skills, engage in daily routines, and participate in household activities, fostering independence and autonomy. When you create an autism-friendly home environment for your child, you can provide your child with a supportive and nurturing space that meets their unique needs, enhances their development, and promotes their overall well-being. In the next section, we will delve into practical strategies and tips to help you create an autism-friendly environment that caters to your child’s individual strengths and challenges. Tips For Creating An Autism-Friendly Environment For Your Child Here are important tips to create a suitabe environment for your child: Understand Your Child’s Sensory Needs Take the time to observe and understand your child’s sensory sensitivities. Note their triggers and preferences, and design your home environment accordingly. For example, you can create sensory-friendly spaces with dim lighting, soft textures, and minimal noise to reduce sensory overload. Establish Visual Supports Visual supports, such as visual schedules, social stories, and labels, can help your child with autism understand and navigate their daily routines and expectations. Use visual supports to communicate rules, schedules, and expectations clearly and consistently throughout your home. Create Calm and Predictable Spaces Design calm and predictable spaces in your home where your child can retreat when feeling overwhelmed. Consider using calming colors, soft lighting, and comfortable seating in these spaces to promote relaxation and emotional regulation. Organize and Simplify Keeping your home organized and clutter-free can help your child with autism navigate their environment more easily. Create clear and simple systems for organizing toys, clothes, and other items, and use visual cues, such as labels or visual schedules, to help your child locate and access items independently. Consider Sensory-friendly Furniture and Equipment Choose furniture and equipment that are sensory-friendly for your child with autism. For example, consider furniture with soft textures, adjustable seating options, or specialized sensory equipment, such as a sensory swing or a weighted blanket, that can provide comfort and regulation. Incorporate Social Interaction Opportunities Create spaces in your home that encourage social interaction and communication. For example, designate an area for family playtime, set up a cozy reading nook, or create a designated spot for family meals where your child can practice social skills, engage in communication, and bond with family members. Personalize the Environment Consider incorporating your child’s interests, hobbies, and preferences into the home environment. Personalize their bedroom, play area, or study space with items that are meaningful to them. This includes favourite toys, artwork, or books, to create a sense of ownership and comfort. Seek Input from Your Child Involve your child in the process of creating an autism-friendly home environment. Ask for their input, preferences, and feedback, and consider their unique needs and perspectives when making changes to the home environment. This can empower your child, increase their sense of ownership, and promote their independence. By following and incorporating creative strategies, you can create a supportive, and empowering home environment for your child with autism. Steps To Create An Autism-Friendly Environment For Your Child Creating an autism-friendly environment for your child involves taking intentional steps to make your home a supportive and accommodating space. Here are some practical steps you can take: Evaluate and Modify Sensory Stimuli Sensory sensitivities are common in children with autism, so it’s important to evaluate and modify sensory stimuli in your home. This can include reducing bright lights, loud noises, or overwhelming smells. You can also create designated quiet areas where your child can retreat to when they need to self-regulate. Establish Predictable Routines Predictable routines can provide a sense of stability and comfort for children with autism. Establish consistent schedules for daily activities such as mealtimes, bedtime, and transitions. Use visual schedules or visual timers to help your child understand and anticipate the sequence of events. Create Clear Visual Supports Visual supports can help your child understand expectations and routines. Create visual supports such as visual schedules, visual cues, and social stories to communicate rules, expectations, and social situations. These visual supports can provide clear and concrete information to your child, reducing anxiety and promoting independence. Organize and Simplify the Environment Keeping the environment organized and simplified can help reduce sensory overload and confusion. Declutter the space, arrange furniture and belongings in an organized manner, and create clear pathways for movement. Avoid excessive decorations or visual distractions that can overwhelm your child. Provide Structured Play Opportunities Structured play opportunities can help your child with autism develop social skills, communication skills, and play skills. Create designated play areas with appropriate toys, games, and activities that align with your child’s interests and developmental level. Provide clear rules and expectations for playtime, and engage in joint play activities to encourage social interactions. Consider Sensory Supports Sensory supports such as sensory toys, cushions, or fidget tools can help your child self-regulate and manage sensory sensitivities. Consider incorporating sensory supports in your home environment based on your child’s individual needs and preferences. Foster Communication and Social Interaction Communication and social interaction are key areas of development for children with autism. Create opportunities for communication and social interaction at home through activities such as family meals, joint play, and shared interests. Use visual supports, social stories, and social scripts to support communication skills and social understanding. Collaborate with Professionals Collaborating with professionals such as therapists, and educators, can provide valuable guidance and support in creating an autism-friendly environment. Seek professional input and incorporate their recommendations into your home environment to best support your child’s unique needs. Incorporate Visual Cues and Supports Visual cues and supports can help your child with autism understand and follow routines, rules, and expectations. Consider using visual cues such as labels, signs, or pictures to indicate where items are kept, what activities are expected, or what behaviors are appropriate. Visual supports can help your child navigate the environment independently and reduce misunderstandings. Promote Flexibility and Choice Children with autism may have a preference for routine and predictability, but it’s important to promote flexibility and choice within the home environment. Allow your child to make choices whenever possible, such as choosing their activities, toys, or snacks. Encourage flexibility in routines and schedules, and provide options for your child to make decisions within appropriate boundaries. This can help your child develop decision-making skills, self-advocacy, and a sense of autonomy. In conclusion, creating an autism-friendly environment at home is a proactive and intentional process that can greatly benefit your child with autism. By taking steps to evaluate and modify sensory stimuli, establish predictable routines, provide visual supports, organize and simplify the environment, offer structured play opportunities, consider sensory supports, foster communication and social interaction, collaborate with professionals, incorporate visual cues and supports, and promote flexibility and choice, you can create a supportive and accommodating space for your child to thrive. Frequently Asked Questions Yes, creating an autism-friendly environment at home can greatly benefit your child with autism. It can provide a supportive and accommodating space that promotes sensory regulation, predictable routines, clear communication, and opportunities for social interaction and choice, which can contribute to your child’s overall well-being and developmental progress. You don’t need a large space or extensive resources to create an autism-friendly environment. Simple modifications such as decluttering, organizing, and creating designated sensory areas can make a significant difference. You can also seek guidance from professionals, utilize online resources, and adapt strategies to suit your specific circumstances and budget. Signs of sensory overload in children with autism may include covering their ears, avoiding certain areas or activities, becoming agitated or anxious, displaying sensory-seeking behaviors, or experiencing meltdowns or shutdowns. Observing and understanding your child’s sensory responses can help you identify triggers and make appropriate adjustments to create a more sensory-friendly environment. Children with autism may have a preference for routine and predictability, and changes in routines or schedules can be challenging for them. You can prepare your child in advance for changes using visual supports, social stories, and social narratives. You can also provide clear communication, offer choices within appropriate boundaries, and gradually introduce changes while maintaining consistency and predictability in other areas of the environment. Communication challenges are common for children with autism, but there are various strategies you can use to support communication at home. These may include visual supports such as visual schedules, social stories, and visual cues; using simple and clear language; incorporating visual aids like pictures or sign language; and seeking support from speech-language pathologists or other professionals.

https://amumandmore.com/autism-friendly-environment-for-your-child/

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When you are asked to talk about your past, how do you usually react? Some people would have smiles on their faces. They would gladly talk about it. Some would become sullen and moody. The past wasn’t too good to them. No matter how you feel about your past, you know that you cannot change it anymore. It is part of who you are. Talking about it in the correct tense is important. You need to let people know that it has already happened and it’s over. You may want to know how to check past tense through some tools? You can learn more when you continue to read now. It will be easy to find some text talking about things that happened in the past. People find history important. If you are trying to find some text about using the past tense, though, you will have a hard time searching. Types of Past Tenses That Past Tense Changer Detects It will be easy to type something in the present tense and change it to the past tense. You just need to use a past tense changer. The more that you know about past tense and what are available, the better. - Simple Past Tense – To do this, you need to use the base verb and change its verb form to the past tense form. You just need to put an -ed at the end of the verb or use the past participle of the verb. - Past Continuous Tense – This is the past tense form of “to be.” This can be used to describe an action in the past that was not completed. - Past Perfect – This is the type of past tense wherein you will use had plus a past form version of the verb. You can use this when you want to describe a series of actions. - Past Perfect Continuous – This type of past tense where you would be using had been the verb, and –ing. You can use this to describe something that was done in the past that led to other events that also happened in the past. The types may be confusing in the beginning. You do not want to make a mistake, especially when storytelling. The best thing to do is to use a website that detects past tense verbs. Common Past Tense Mistakes There are common mistakes that people deal with when using different tenses. The most common one is not being consistent with the tense being used. Some of the issues may not be detectable in your writing, especially if you just wrote things without thinking. If you want to detect if you have used some words in the past tense, you can check if it is past tense by using the right past tense changer. - Not using the past perfect tense correctly Some people hear the term “past perfect” and remember all of the word exercises they did when they were younger. This is confusing but remember that you can use past perfect when talking about some events that happened earlier. For example, you may say, “I made ice cream.” This is in the simple past tense. If you use it in the past perfect tense, you will say, “I have made ice cream.” If you feel confused about this, you can always check your essay for past tense online. The right website or app can help you out. - The use of incorrect terms when you are talking about flashbacks There are moments when you may want to talk about something that happened in the past. You will use flashbacks to describe the events that happened. It can be annoying to go through many “hads”. Remember that your main goal is to make your reader understand what happened in the past. Make sure to use some transition phrases and some page breakers. It will make readers understand what you are trying to portray. If you want to know how to check past tense, you can do it with the right app or website. Just imagine how perfect your past tense is going to be. - Using past continuous tense when it is not needed When you use past continuous tense, you are talking about something that happened in the past, but you describe another action that happened before. For example, you may say, “I was driving along the street when I saw my ex-boyfriend and her new girlfriend.” The mistake that may happen is using this type of tense when it is already unnecessary. It is best to lessen the clutter of what you are trying to imply. The more that you keep things simple, the more readers will understand what you are trying to say. Artificial Intelligence At The Service Of You To Improve Your Writting Artificial intelligence (AI) has completely changed the way we do things. Whether it’s how we entertain ourselves at home, interact with our devices, or even how we travel, the long hand of AI seems to be touching everything. And this interfacing with AI has found its way into the content creation and writing field, with more and more people embracing AI-powered past tense converter online checkers. If you are considering using an online checker, this section will help you establish the pros of our AI-powered present tense to past tense converter before making the investment. One of the most undeniable facts about employing a past tense to present tense converter is the amount of time it saves you. Compared to manual editing, the present to past tense converter can significantly save you the time taken editing, especially when you are dealing with higher volumes of content. All you simply need to do is to paste your texts into the tool, click the button, and wait for the checker to identify all grammar mistakes. In the past few years, the salaries for professional content writers have shot off the roof. And this is also true for professional editors. As such, students or businesses working on a tight budget may find difficulties in hiring these professionals. And even when they can, they still have to spend significant periods waiting for feedback on how to proceed with their projects. An online past to present tense converter like ours, on the other hand, comes with a free-to-use version, letting you edit your texts without spending a fortune. What’s more, the tool provides real-time feedback, making it a compelling alternative if you are looking to save both time and money. Our past tense checker is one of the leading tools of its kind out there. Along with helping change sentence into past tense online, you can use it to flag and fix grammatical and punctuation errors, such as errant commas, silly typos, and as misplaced apostrophes. It also comes with a comprehensive plagiarism checker, assuring you of overall high-quality writing. and other writing mistakes within the shortest time possible. Better yet, it is compatible with smartphones, tablets, or computers, letting you edit your work even when on the move. Accurate and Explicit Feedback When manually editing your work, editors need to go crawl through your work with a fine tooth comb highlighting and underlining all the mistakes. While at it, some mistakes may escape the bare human eye, even explanations describing the mistake overlooked. Luckily, our past tense tool not only highlights all the mistakes in your writing, but writes explicit explanations above the errors, and offers metalinguistic suggestions to correct them. What’s more, the change to past tense online checker is powered by English language rules, NLP, and AI, giving it unmatched accuracy. Conceptual Learning Opportunities An AI-powered tool not only helps you convert to past tense but also helps build a strong English foundation. The checker automatically breaks down your texts into some small parts, flags all the grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes, and then suggests possible corrections. But that’s not the best part; the tool comes with a complementary thesaurus dictionary, which helps you choose the best synonyms for difficult words, improving your English grammar. If you are a teacher, chances are you’ve encountered a student that failed to finish their assignment because they were waiting for your feedback or needed to understand the underlying explanation behind a correction you made to their work. On top of helping change sentence to past tense, the grammar checker will provide detailed explanations behind every message, instilling learner autonomy among your students. Easy To Use Online web forms are a staple these days. We use them every day on our social media platforms, websites, and databases. Our past tense checker is just another web form. To use it, you simply need to paste your text into the editor, click the Convert Tenses button, and let the checker handle the rest. All the buttons are clearly labeled in plain English, and the tool does not require any IT skills to operate. And since it is available as a Chrome Extension, you won’t be having any problems editing your online documents and social media posts. Even when using the free version of our past tense checker, it offers a pretty customizable experience despite its limited features. You can switch it off on certain websites, and curate a list of the most commonly used words, slang, and abbreviations. Write Unique Content Plagiarism is one of the most revered practices in writing. As a student, plagiarizing your academic papers could lead to lower grades or even expulsion from school. In a business context, plagiarized content could lead to potential litigation and impact your SEO rankings. For business professionals and researchers, plagiarism can completely damage your reputation, whether it was accidental or intentional. Our checker comes with a professional-grade plagiarism checker, which compares your work with billions of published articles and academic databases to ensure it is 100% unique. Our tool is available from anywhere and at any time, letting you edit and proofread your texts even when traveling. Why Use a Past Tense Checker – Is It Necessary? There are moments when no matter how hard you have tried to check, there are still some past tense mistakes that you will not immediately detect. The best thing to do is to use the right tool to provide a grammar check for past tense. This will work so well that it will know how to identify past perfect tense. There is no need to do the detection on your own. It will do everything that you need. This will also come with a past tense converter tool. Let us say that you do not know how the item can be used in the past tense. You just need to input your text, and it will do the conversion for you. You can just imagine how fast and easy this is going to be. It will be able to check my essay for past tense. It will also revise the past tense if necessary. The more you will use the perfect tense checker, the easier you will see how to identify perfect tense. The best thing is that it will do so much more than that. It can even detect some punctuation errors to make things easier for you. So if people would ask you how to check if everything is in past tense in your essay, you already know the answer. You just need a past tense changer. Our tool will help analyze your text immediately to avoid wasting your time anymore. Check out our past tense sentence checker now.

https://www.proofreadpasttense.com/how-to-find-past-tense-online/

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Cardiology is a term related to the medical line, which is used for doctors who treat diseases related to the heart, this treatment can range from simple medicines to surgery. Cardiologist is a specialist in heart disease, he treats from the smallest heart disease to major diseases like heart attack. That is, doctors who treat all types of heart related diseases are called cardiologists, and this work is called Cardiology. Cardiologist is a heart specialist, but there are many posts in this, there are many types of work, for which there are different cardiologists. You can see these posts below. ECG ( Electro Cardio Graphic ) Cardiovascular Technologist Assistant Cardiology Supervisor Cardiac Electro Cardiography Technician The work of a cardiologist is very difficult and sensitive. Because a person can die due to a mistake of a doctor, as well as a cardiologist can save a dying person. What does a cardiologist do? Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases related to the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. They are highly trained experts in the field of cardiology, which is a branch of internal medicine. The cardiovascular system is critical for maintaining overall health as it is responsible for pumping blood and oxygen throughout the body. Cardiologists play a crucial role in helping patients manage various heart conditions, providing both non-invasive treatments and, in some cases, surgical interventions. Diagnosis: Cardiologists use various diagnostic tests and tools, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs or EKGs), stress tests, echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization, to evaluate heart function and diagnose heart diseases. Treatment: They develop personalized treatment plans for patients with heart conditions. This may involve lifestyle changes, medication management, or interventional procedures like angioplasty and stent placement. Prevention: Cardiologists also focus on preventive measures to reduce the risk of heart diseases. They may advise patients on lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Post-operative care: For patients who undergo heart surgeries or interventions, cardiologists provide post-operative care and monitor their recovery. Managing chronic conditions: Cardiologists often care for patients with chronic heart conditions like heart failure, arrhythmias, and coronary artery disease, providing ongoing management and support. Collaborating with other specialists: They work in close collaboration with other healthcare professionals, including cardiac surgeons, electrophysiologists, and primary care physicians, to ensure comprehensive and coordinated patient care. To become a cardiologist, one must complete medical school, followed by a residency in internal medicine, and then pursue a fellowship in cardiology. This extensive training equips cardiologists with the knowledge and skills needed to handle a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. If you have concerns about your heart health or are experiencing symptoms related to your cardiovascular system, it's important to consult with a qualified cardiologist for proper evaluation and management. A heart doctor is commonly referred to as a "cardiologist." Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and conditions related to the heart and the cardiovascular system. They are experts in the field of cardiology and have undergone extensive training to care for patients with various heart-related issues. If you have concerns about your heart health or need specialized care for a heart condition, a cardiologist is the medical professional you should seek out. There are several reasons why you might need to see a cardiologist. Here are some common situations or symptoms that warrant a visit to a heart specialist: Chest pain: If you experience chest pain or discomfort, especially if it radiates to your arm, jaw, or back, it could be a sign of a heart-related issue, such as angina or a heart attack. Heart Blockage: When the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart are unable to supply blood to the heart completely or stop circulation completely, this condition of the heart is called heart blockage. The coronary arteries transport oxygen and essential nutrients along with blood to the heart. There is plaque in the outer surface in the coronary arteries, when the size of the plaque starts increasing gradually, then the blood flow in the coronary arteries does not go well or stops completely. Blockage caused by plaques in the coronary arteries is called heart blockage. In the part of the heart where blood is not able to circulate, the parasite starts dying slowly, which can also lead to fatal problems like heart attack. Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, particularly during physical activity or while lying down, can be indicative of heart problems like heart failure or heart valve issues. High blood pressure: If you have consistently elevated blood pressure readings, a cardiologist can help manage and treat hypertension to reduce the risk of complications like stroke and heart disease. Palpitations: If you feel irregular, rapid, or skipped heartbeats, it's essential to get evaluated by a cardiologist to determine the underlying cause. Family history of heart disease: If there is a history of heart disease in your family, especially at a young age, a cardiologist can assess your risk factors and suggest preventive measures. High cholesterol: Elevated cholesterol levels can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries), leading to heart problems. A cardiologist can help manage cholesterol levels and assess your cardiovascular risk. Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes have a higher risk of developing heart-related issues, so regular check-ups with a cardiologist are essential. Pre-existing heart conditions: If you have been diagnosed with a heart condition, such as arrhythmias, heart valve disease, or congenital heart defects, a cardiologist will provide ongoing management and monitoring. Fatigue and weakness: Unexplained fatigue and weakness could be symptoms of heart problems, particularly if they worsen with physical activity. Swelling in the legs: Fluid retention and swelling in the legs can indicate heart failure or other cardiovascular issues. Pre-operative evaluation: If you're planning to undergo surgery, especially for non-cardiac procedures, a cardiologist may assess your heart health to ensure you can safely tolerate the surgery. Lifestyle changes: If you want to adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle, a cardiologist can offer guidance on diet, exercise, and other preventive measures. Remember, even if you don't have any symptoms but have risk factors for heart disease (e.g., smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history), seeing a cardiologist for a check-up and risk assessment can be beneficial for your long-term heart health. Always consult with your primary care physician or get a referral if you think you may need to see a cardiologist. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial in maintaining a healthy heart. Looking for the best heart doctor or heart specialist near Alwar? Find a top cardiologist near you in Alwar who is an expert in your specific cardiovascular condition. A cardiologist is a doctor who treats diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Our team of cardiovascular specialists works together to evaluate, diagnose and treat your unique heart and vascular care needs. Dr. Manoj Godara is one the best Cardiologists in Alwar, Rajasthan, India. Dr. Godara has been practicing medicine for over 14+ years and is a highly rated heart doctor of Alwar, according to our client reports. His top areas of expertise are Chest Pain, Heart Attack, Heart Blockage,Heart Valve, Heart Failure, Heart Arrhythmia, Heart Blood Clot, High Cholesterol, Uncontrolled Blood Pressure, Angioplasty Stenting, Pacemaker, Device Closure and Embolization Treatment. Dr. Godara is currently accepting new patients. More Heart Care Service in Alwar Copyright © 2022. All Rights Reserved. Dr Manoj Godara. Developed By Webmind Softech Pvt. Ltd.

https://www.drmanojgodara.com/doctors/cardiologists/alwar

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Table of Contents Meaning of the pride of life In the 1st epistle of John, while teaching believers to abstain from the love of the world, John mentioned those things that constitute the world namely the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life (1 John 2:16). On this occasion, the pride of life was mentioned for the first and the last time in the Bible. However, the concept of the pride of life is very ancient and it preceded the term itself; for we see many examples of it throughout the Old Testament. The pride of life is the sinful act of being arrogant, boastful, or showing off what one is, has, or has achieved. The pride of life is founded on achievements or accomplishments, pedigree or ancestry, position, and one’s connections. Those who are proud of life rely on their great achievements, their high positions or status, their aristocratic or royal ancestry, or their connections to people of power. For this reason, the pride of life consists of seeing others as inferior because of one’s achievements, personality, or status. The pride of life consists of feeling more important than others because of one’s beauty, fame, riches, position, etc. It also consists of lording yourself over others because of one office, accomplishment, wealth, etc. Signs of the pride of life In our daily lives, we can easily identify the pride of life; for those who are proud of life tend to boast of their ancestry, family connections, great offices, honorable acquaintances, and the like. Such people are glory-seeking and have high thoughts about themselves because of their position or high standard of living. Also, they tend to show off wealth, clothes, houses, furniture, equipment, and manner of living in order to earn honor and the respect of others. Moreover, they excessively enjoy their position in life and have a desire for praise, places of dignity, high titles, honor, glory, and the splendor of the world. Examples of the Pride of Life in the Bible Today, some professing Christians are so puffed-up and feel too big on account of what they possess or what they have accomplished in life; or they talk about their achievements and make it sound like they have done it all by themselves without God; or they make others feel like they are inferior to them because of their religious or political position, educational level; etc.; these are all expressions of the pride of life. The Bible has more examples to give us: 1. Nebuchadnezzar was guilty of Pride of Life According to biblical records, Nebuchadnezzar II is one of those found guilty of the pride of life. Though Nebuchadnezzar was not an Israelite, through Daniel Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, he was well acquainted with the knowledge of God. Daniel made him understand that all his accomplishments in life; the victories he had had in wars, his vast kingdom and the riches thereof, etc. are all from God, not by his strength. God, therefore, expected humility of heart and gratitude from Nebuchadnezzar. However, he failed to render both to God. One day, Nebuchadnezzar was walking on the roof of his palace in Babylon, and when he saw the magnificence of the city of Babylon, he was moved, out of pride and arrogance, Nebuchadnezzar said, “Is not this great Babylon, which I have built by my mighty power as a royal residence and for the glory of my majesty (Daniel 4:30 ESV)?” Then, seeing that Nebuchadnezzar did not give glory to Him but prided himself on his accomplishments, God dealt with Nebuchadnezzar for his pride – his pride of life – by turning him into a beast to humble him. 2. Haman was guilty of the Pride of Life When we talk about the pride of life, Haman is guilty at every turn. Once he sent for his friends and his wife Zeresh and recounted to them the splendor of his riches, the number of his sons, all the promotions with which the king had honored him, and how he had advanced him above the officials and servants of the king. He also added, “Even Queen Esther let no one but me come with the king to the feast she prepared. And tomorrow also I am invited by her together with the king (Esther 5:12)”. Haman was too bossy, glory-seeking, and felt too big for he was the king’s most important official and wanted everybody to kowtow to him and wanted to get all the attention when he passed by. However, all he had was not enough for him; he wanted one more thing. All the people in the kingdom respected and bowed down to Haman except one man, Mordecai the Jew. Since he could not get Mordecai to bow down to him and give him the attention he wanted, he became greatly offended and hated Mordecai and Mordecai’s people, the Jews. He devised a plan and wanted to illuminate Mordecai by hanging and also wanted to destroy all the Jews. But his plans failed and he was hanged in Mordecai’s stead – he and his sons. Reference Esther 5:9-14 3. King Hezekiah was guilty of the Pride of Life Hezekiah was a good king. He feared the Lord and was faithful to him, unlike his father King Ahaz. Because of this, God abundantly blessed him and he was exceedingly prosperous. However, when prosperity and abundance came his way, pride and recklessness set in. Hezekiah fell sick and would have died had he not cried to the Lord. God listened to him and gave him fifteen years more to live. Later after recovery, Merodach-baladan, king of Babylon, sent envoys with letters and a present to Hezekiah, for he heard that he had been sick and had recovered. Then Hezekiah, driven by the pride of life – the pride of what he had and had accomplished all over the years, welcomed them gladly and took them around to show them his treasure house, the silver, the gold, the spices, the precious oil, his whole armory, all that was found in his storehouses. There was nothing in his house or in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them. Then Isaiah the prophet came to King Hezekiah. After learning that the king had shown the envoy from Babylon everything in his kingdom – all his treasures and achievements, Isaiah prophesied to him. He said that someday the Babylonians would invade and loot his kingdom of all the treasures accumulated since the days of his fathers and some of his descendants would be taken away to become eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon. Reference Isaiah 39:1-8 As you can see all the stories that had to do with the pride of life had a sad ending. Even for good people like Hezekiah, the pride of life brought bad repercussions on him and his descendants. The pride of life profits nothing but humility pays. We have to beware of the pride of life as Christians.

https://salvationcall.com/pride-life/

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Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England. Definition of HCID In the UK, a high consequence infectious disease (HCID) is defined according to the following criteria: - acute infectious disease - typically has a high case-fatality rate - may not have effective prophylaxis or treatment - often difficult to recognise and detect rapidly - ability to spread in the community and within healthcare settings - requires an enhanced individual, population and system response to ensure it is managed effectively, efficiently and safely Classification of HCIDs HCIDs are further divided into contact and airborne groups: contact HCIDs are usually spread by direct contact with an infected patient or infected fluids, tissues and other materials, or by indirect contact with contaminated materials and fomites airborne HCIDs are spread by respiratory droplets or aerosol transmission, in addition to contact routes of transmission List of high consequence infectious diseases A list of HCIDs has been agreed by the UK 4 nations public health agencies, with advisory committee input as required: Contact HCIDs | Airborne HCIDs | Argentine haemorrhagic fever (Junin virus) | Andes virus infection (hantavirus) | Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (Machupo virus) | Avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1 | Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) | Avian influenza A H5N6 and H7N7* | Ebola virus disease (EVD) | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) | Lassa fever | Mpox (monkeypox) (Clade I only)** | Lujo virus disease | Nipah virus infection | Marburg virus disease (MVD) | Pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis) | Severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome (SFTS) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)*** | *Human-to-human transmission has not been described to date for avian influenza A(H5N6). Human to human transmission has been described for avian influenza A(H5N1), although this was not apparent until more than 30 human cases had been reported. Both A(H5N6) and A(H5N1) often cause severe illness and fatalities. Therefore, A(H5N6) has been included in the airborne HCID list despite not meeting all of the HCID criteria. **Based on the new WHO nomenclature, the mpox virus is comprised of 2 clades: Clade I (formerly Congo Basin (Central African) Clade) and Clade II (formerly West African Clade). Clade II consists of the subclades Clade IIa and Clade IIb, with the latter subclade referring mainly to the group of variants circulating in the 2022 global outbreak. See HCID status of mpox for further details on status classification. ***No cases reported since 2004, but SARS remains a notifiable disease under the International Health Regulations (2005), hence its inclusion here. The list of HCIDs will be kept under review and updated by the UK 4 nations public health agencies, with advisory committee input as required, if new HCIDs emerge that are of relevance to the UK. Status of COVID-19 As of 19 March 2020, COVID-19 is no longer considered to be an HCID in the UK. There are many diseases which can cause serious illness which are not classified as HCIDs. The 4 nations public health HCID group made an interim recommendation in January 2020 to classify COVID-19 as an HCID. This was based on consideration of the UK HCID criteria about the virus and the disease with information available during the early stages of the outbreak. Now that more is known about COVID-19, the public health bodies in the UK have reviewed the most up to date information about COVID-19 against the UK HCID criteria. They have determined that several features have now changed; in particular, more information is available about mortality rates (low overall), and there is now greater clinical awareness and a specific and sensitive laboratory test, the availability of which continues to increase. The ACDP is also of the opinion that COVID-19 should no longer be classified as an HCID. The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to consider COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), therefore the need to have a national, coordinated response remains and this is being met by the government’s COVID-19 response. Cases of COVID-19 are no longer managed by HCID treatment centres only. Healthcare workers managing possible and confirmed cases should follow the National infection prevention and control manual for England (or the equivalent devolved administration infection prevention and control manuals), which includes instructions about different personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles that are appropriate for different clinical scenarios. HCIDs in the UK HCIDs, including viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), are rare in the UK. When cases do occur, they tend to be sporadic and are typically associated with recent travel to an area where the infection is known to be endemic or where an outbreak is occurring. None of the HCIDs listed above are endemic in the UK, and the known animal reservoirs are not found in the UK. As of July 2022, the UK has experience of managing confirmed cases of Lassa fever, EVD, CCHF, MERS and mpox. The vast majority of these patients acquired their infections overseas, but secondary transmission of MERS and mpox have occurred in the UK. In May 2022, cases of mpox (Clade IIb, at that time classified as an HCID) without a history of travel overseas were reported in the UK. More information is available in the epidemiological overview of this outbreak. Avian influenza A(H5N1) has caused outbreaks in wild birds and captive birds in the UK in 2021 and 2022. In January 2022, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reported the first human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) in the UK. Animal-to-human transmission of avian influenza is very rare and the risk to human health is kept under frequent review. The epidemiology and genomics of A(H5N1) virus and human health risk is actively monitored by UKHSA, in collaboration with international partners. HCID risks by country For health professionals wishing to determine the HCID risk in any particular country, an A to Z list of countries and their respective HCID risk is available. See HCID country risks. Monthly summaries of global HCID events UKHSA’s epidemic intelligence activities monitor global HCID events. These are published in a monthly summary. Infection prevention and control in healthcare settings Specific infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are required for suspected and confirmed HCID cases, in all healthcare settings (specialist and non-specialist). IPC guidance appropriate for suspected and confirmed cases of Lassa fever, EVD, CCHF, MVD, Lujo virus disease, Argentinian haemorrhagic fever, Bolivian haemorrhagic fever and SFTS, is available in the ACDP guidance. IPC guidance for MERS, avian influenza, Nipah virus infection, mpox and pneumonic plague, can be found in the relevant UKHSA guidance listed below. Links to relevant UKHSA guidance for healthcare professionals Specialist advice for healthcare professionals The Imported Fever Service (IFS) provides 24-hour, 7-days a week telephone access to expert clinical and microbiological advice. Hospital doctors across the UK can contact the IFS after discussion with the local microbiology, virology or infectious disease consultant. Hospital management of confirmed HCID cases Once an HCID has been confirmed by appropriate laboratory testing, cases in England should be transferred rapidly to a designated HCID Treatment Centre. Occasionally, highly probable cases may be moved to an HCID Treatment Centre before laboratory results are available. There are 2 principal Contact HCID Treatment Centres in England: the Royal Free London High Level Isolation Unit (HLIU) the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary HLIU. Further support for managing confirmed contact HCID cases is provided by the Royal Liverpool Hospital and the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield. There are 5 interim Airborne HCID Treatment Centres in England. Adult and paediatric services are provided by 7 NHS Trusts: - Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (adult and paediatric services) - Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, with a paediatric service provided by Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust - Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, with a paediatric service provided by Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust - Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (adult and paediatric services) - Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (adult service only) Case transfer arrangements Hospital clinicians seeking to transfer confirmed HCID cases, or discuss the transfer of highly probable HCID cases, should contact the NHS England EPRR Duty Officer. It is expected that each case will have been discussed with the Imported Fever Service before discussing transfer. Travel health advice for HCIDs The National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) provides travel health information about a number of HCIDs, for healthcare professionals and travellers. Advice can be accessed via the Travel Health Pro website.

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid

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Every program is a set of instructions, whether it’s to add two numbers or send a request over the internet. Compilers and interpreters take human-readable code and convert it to computer-readable machine code. In a compiled language, the target machine directly translates the program. In an interpreted language, the source code is not directly translated by the target machine. Instead, a different program, aka the interpreter, reads and executes the code. Okay… but what does that actually mean? Imagine you have a hummus recipe that you want to make, but it's written in ancient Greek. There are two ways you, a non-ancient-Greek speaker, could follow its directions. The first is if someone had already translated it into English for you. You (and anyone else who can speak English) could read the English version of the recipe and make hummus. Think of this translated recipe as the compiled version. The second way is if you have a friend who knows ancient Greek. When you're ready to make hummus, your friend sits next to you and translates the recipe into English as you go, line by line. In this case, your friend is the interpreter for the interpreted version of the recipe. Compiled languages are converted directly into machine code that the processor can execute. As a result, they tend to be faster and more efficient to execute than interpreted languages. They also give the developer more control over hardware aspects, like memory management and CPU usage. Compiled languages need a “build” step – they need to be manually compiled first. You need to “rebuild” the program every time you need to make a change. In our hummus example, the entire translation is written before it gets to you. If the original author decides that he wants to use a different kind of olive oil, the entire recipe would need to be translated again and resent to you. Examples of pure compiled languages are C, C++, Erlang, Haskell, Rust, and Go. Interpreters run through a program line by line and execute each command. Here, if the author decides he wants to use a different kind of olive oil, he could scratch the old one out and add the new one. Your translator friend can then convey that change to you as it happens. Interpreted languages were once significantly slower than compiled languages. But, with the development of just-in-time compilation, that gap is shrinking. A Small Caveat Most programming languages can have both compiled and interpreted implementations – the language itself is not necessarily compiled or interpreted. However, for simplicity’s sake, they’re typically referred to as such. Python, for example, can be executed as either a compiled program or as an interpreted language in interactive mode. On the other hand, most command line tools, CLIs, and shells can theoretically be classified as interpreted languages. Advantages and disadvantages Advantages of compiled languages Programs that are compiled into native machine code tend to be faster than interpreted code. This is because the process of translating code at run time adds to the overhead, and can cause the program to be slower overall. Disadvantages of compiled languages The most notable disadvantages are: - Additional time needed to complete the entire compilation step before testing - Platform dependence of the generated binary code Advantages of interpreted languages Interpreted languages tend to be more flexible, and often offer features like dynamic typing and smaller program size. Also, because interpreters execute the source program code themselves, the code itself is platform independent. Disadvantages of interpreted languages The most notable disadvantage is typical execution speed compared to compiled languages.

https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/compiled-versus-interpreted-languages/

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A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Medicine bridges the gap between science and society. Indeed, the application of scientific knowledge to human health is a crucial aspect of clinical practice. Doctors are one important agent through which that scientific understanding is expressed. But medicine is more than the sum of our knowledge about disease. Medicine concerns the experiences, feelings, and interpretations of human beings in often extraordinary moments of fear, anxiety, and doubt. In this extremely vulnerable position, it is medical professionalism that underpins the trust the public has in doctors. Importance Of Doctor In this part of the article we will look at the purpose of doctors in a society and how doctors help the community; The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded all of us of the vital role doctors play to relieve suffering and save lives. The pandemic has also highlighted the extent to which doctors are willing to go in ensuring a functioning health system and a functioning society. On a daily basis doctors also play key roles that save lives such as an emergency procedure or an elective procedure for a rather time sensitive or serious illness. An accidental injury and troubled labor also account for the same. Unfortunately, not every illness can be cured completely. But with the effort of doctors and medicines and therapies, the lifespan of the patient or onset of the worst effect of an illness can be extended significantly. Though this time varies greatly from case to case and patient to patient, the efforts behind the cause are commendable. Nobody wants to become sick, disabled or helpless. Preventing sickness or injury is a better choice: It’s less expensive, better for our health and we lose less income if we don’t get sick too often. Preventive treatment is also important for society as a whole. Many people in the U.S. and around the world can’t afford drugs, hospital stays or surgery. By promoting preventive medicine and keeping people healthy, doctors reduce the health gap between rich and poor populations. Although doctors have not been able to completely stop the current Coronavirus pandemic, they have significantly reduced mortality from the disease. Black death and smallpox have wiped out millions of people throughout history; polio paralyzed thousands in the 20th century. By working to contain potential epidemics, doctors prevent disasters. Individual doctors don’t fly solo in these crises. Fighting plagues takes money and organizations that work on a national and international scale. But doctors and other medical professionals are vitally important in the fight. Not every disease threatens the life of the patient. However, living with the discomforts for a lifetime is not an acceptable option either. The effort of doctors makes it possible to mitigate these discomforts and help live their life to the fullest. A medical practice is a small business. Most doctors employ staff and rent or buy office space, pay contractors for repairs and generally improve the community’s economic health as they improve their patients’ health. For instance in 2018, Illinois had 30,000 doctors who support 146,000 jobs and indirectly support 250,000 more. A hospital or medical practice can be an economic driver in towns too small to support most other industries. Doctors play a major role in nutritional emergencies, hunger and malnutrition are rampant among refugees and displaced populations, representing currently around 40 million people worldwide, many of whom – infants, children, adolescents, adults and older people – suffer from one or more of the multiple forms of malnutrition. In the internet age, there’s no shortage of medical malarkey flying around online. Whatever you’re suffering from, someone knows a miracle cure. Whatever you’re scared of, some website will shriek that it is much, much worse than you think. Doctors have the standing and the knowledge to push back against fake medical news. It’s not just about teaching patients the real steps to staying healthy. Sometimes it’s explaining that there is no cure and so no point to spending money trying to conjure one up. Shaping Health Policy State, local and federal governments have a big influence on our communities’ health. Is our water safe to drink? Our food safe to eat? Is there a local treatment program for alcoholics or people hooked on painkillers? If contagious disease is a threat, how does the government mobilize doctors and other professionals? Doctors are only one voice among many that shape public policy. But they have a unique position of respect and trust, which they can use to push governments toward healthcare policies that will genuinely benefit the public. A military doctor provides health care to military personnel and their families and can work in a variety of settings, including hospital ships and international medical centers. Doctors enlisted in the military might take part in international relief efforts by providing care to victims of natural disasters. The military primarily employs doctors with specializations in common types of medicine such as pediatrics, family care, and neurology. If you would like to become a military doctor, you must earn a medical degree and meet military requirements.

https://www.publichealth.com.ng/10-importance-of-a-doctor-in-a-

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5 Essential Techniques Every Textile Artist Should Master In the exciting world of textile art, being good at certain techniques can benefit an artist's work and artistic expression. Artists who work with thread, color, and pattern can create magic with it and create something useful and beautiful. To be good at this art form, you need to learn many different skills, from old-fashioned skills to new technology-based skills. This piece breaks down the complex and beautiful art forms of weaving, dyeing, embroidery, printing, and quilting into five essential techniques that every textile artist should know. These basic skills not only make the artist more flexible but also open the door to endless imagination and new ideas in the world of textiles. Weaving, or joining warp and weft threads, is an important part of making textiles. It is more than just making fabrics; it is an art form that brings intricate designs and textures to life. Every textile artist must be proficient at weaving to fully understand how fabrics come together and how threads interact. Important things you need to know about knitting: Learn more about looms: Learn about the different types of looms, from simple frame looms to more complex jacquard looms. Pattern Making: Understand the geometry of thread weaving to learn how to create different patterns such as plain, twill, and herringbone. Texture exploration: Experiment with different threads and sewing methods to create a unique feel and look of the fabric. Technical Proficiency: Develop your technical skills by learning how to solve common sewing problems and how a loom works. 2. Dyeing and color science Staining is more than just adding color; it is an in-depth study of hue, intensity, and value, and has a lot to do with color theory. Textile artists use dye to give their work color and depth. There are many ways to dye, from simple dip dyeing to more complex tie-dye and tie-dye. Important things to know about color theory and dyeing: Understand color interactions: To predict and control coloration results, you need an understanding of color theory. Technique Variety: Learn different dyeing methods, such as batik, free dye, and ombre, to make your work more interesting. Fabric Chemistry: Learn how different fibers react with dyes to change color and how long this lasts. Environmentally Friendly Practices: Dye your fabrics sustainably to minimize your impact on the environment. The art of embroidery uses needle and thread to decorate fabric, meaning there are many different ways to decorate textile pieces. Each piece can be given more texture, color, and story through embroidery, which can range from simple stitches to complex multi-thread methods. Things you need to know about embroidery are: Stitch Types: To give your pieces more depth and detail, you'll learn many different stitches, from simple running stitches to more complex layered knots. Design Translation: Learn how to transfer designs from paper to fabric while keeping the dimensions and proportions the same. Material Knowledge: Understand how different threads and fabrics work together and how they influence the approach and execution of a design. Precision and patience: Strive to maintain the patience and precision required for detailed embroidery, which often requires close attention to small details. Printing on fabric allows you to print designs, patterns, and colors directly onto the fabric itself. People like to use digital textile printing, screen printing, block printing, and other methods. To get good at this, you need to know how to print on different materials, how to design, and how fabric, ink, and print work together. Important things to know about printing: Printing Technology: Learn different printing methods such as digital printing, hand block printing, and screen printing. Create design: Learn how to create printable images, taking into account factors such as color separations and repeating patterns. Ink and Fabric Interaction: Learn how different types of ink or dye react with different types of fabric, and how heat and pressure change prints. Consistency and Repeatability: Learn how to produce the same print from run to run and learn the details of alignment and registration. 5. Sculpture Textile technology Textile artists often use sculptural methods to explore the three-dimensional possibilities of textiles. To do this, the fabric may need to be pleated, folded, or layered, and material such as thread or starch may need to be added to maintain its shape. Mastering the sculptural textile method means being able to blur the boundaries between textiles and sculpture, which requires creativity and new ideas. Some important things to know about sculptural textile techniques are: Handling fabrics: To create three-dimensional shapes, learn pleats, pleats, and pleats. Structural Integration: Learn how to use wire, starch or interface materials, and other support materials to maintain shape. Concept development: learn to think about and create three-dimensional pieces of fabric. Experimental approach: breaking the boundaries of traditional textile art and encouraging people to try new materials and methods. For textile artists who want to expand their creativity and improve their skills, it is important to learn these five basic techniques. Artists have a wide range of skills that they can use to express their ideas, such as weaving, dyeing, embroidery, printing, and quilting. Learning more about these techniques allows artists to use textures, colors, and designs in new ways, pushing the boundaries of textile art. In the fabric industry, these basic skills not only keep traditional crafts alive but also allow new ideas and art to grow. 1. What basic skills should a new textile artist focus on? First, someone new to sewing should learn about the different types of fabrics, the basics of knitting and sewing, and color theory. 2. How do textile artists combine these methods in their work? Artists can combine these styles by layering different techniques, such as dyeing the fabric before embroidering or adding quilted areas to a woven piece. 3. Are these methods applicable to both old and new textile arts? If you want to use these techniques in both traditional and modern ways, you can adapt them to suit your needs. 4. What is the best way to learn and become proficient at these sewing skills? The best way to learn and improve these skills is to practice, take classes, and seek help from more experienced artists. There are also online courses and tutorials available to support learning by doing. 5. How important is it to try different things to get good at these techniques? Experimentation is important for artists because it helps them find new styles, understand how materials work, and come up with new ways to complete their craft.

http://cut-urls.com/l2JJQL

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A Mighty Girl's top 50 books for children and teens about heroic girls and women who fought for justice during the Civil Rights Movement. From the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Greensboro sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, school integrations, the March on Washington, Freedom Summer, the Selma to Montgomery marches, we hear many stories about the pivotal events of the Civil Rights Movement, but so many are about the remarkable men in leadership positions at the time. But what of the women? What of the girls? Rosa Parks’ story is a powerful and important one, but surely hers can’t be the only story of courageous girls and women in the Civil Rights era. In this blog post, we highlight numerous books for both children and teens that tell the stories of girls and women's contributions to the monumental events of this period and to the national movement to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans. In the first section, we've featured books about real-life girls and women who fought for justice, while in the second section, we've shared fictional stories about the Civil Rights Movement for both children and teens. By sharing these stories of past champions of civil rights, we can inspire the current generation of Mighty Girls to be the champions of the future. For more books about the experience of African-American girls and women throughout history, visit our African-American History & Historical Fiction collection. Heroes of the Movement: Biographies From Ruby Bridges, a 6-year-old child who desegregated the first elementary school in the South, to Rosa Parks, whose refusal to switch seats on a bus is only one example of her devotion to civil rights causes, there are many Mighty Girls and women who contributed to the Civil Rights Movement. These books will teach children and teens about these heroes and their dedication to justice. Celebrate the courage and determination of Rosa Parks in this board book version of the New York Times bestselling biography I Am Rosa Parks! The friendly Ordinary People Change The World biography series teaches kids that everyone has the power to be a hero — they just need to figure out how to unlock it. This board book's simple rhyming text and short sidebars reminds young readers that, just like Rosa Parks, they can "Stand strong and do what's true." To kids today, the idea of a child having to be escorted to school by armed guards to protect her from an angry mob is shocking, but 6-year-old Ruby Bridges faced exactly that in 1960. After a judge ordered that Ruby should attend the previously all-White William Frantz Elementary School, parents withdrew their children and held angry protests in front of the school. This compelling depiction of the child who became a civil rights hero just by attending first grade is now available in a special anniversary edition, which includes an updates afterword about Ruby's ongoing life and legacy. Independent readers can learn more about Ruby Bridges in Ruby Bridges Goes to School for ages 5 to 8 and Through My Eyes for ages 8 to 12. Paula Young Shelton, the daughter of Civil Rights activist Andrew Young, grew up in a world where everyone she knew was dedicated to the fight for equality. Even children knew the injustice of segregation — she recalls crying loudly when owners of a restaurant refused to seat her family in "my very first protest, my own little sit-in." And as she grew, her understanding of her father's cause grew, until it became her own and she too marched from Selma to Montgomery. In this unique child's eye view of the Civil Rights struggle, Shelton balances honesty about the struggles her father and his friends faced with the sense of hope that drove them forward. When kids hear about Rosa Parks' defiant refusal to move seats, they may think that it takes special courage to take that big a step — but the reality is that ordinary people can do incredible things! This title from Brad Meltzer's Ordinary People Change The World series shows how Parks' willingness to stand up for justice began with small moments from childhood, but became a driving force in her life that made her a major figure for the Civil Rights movement. It also shows just how much resistance she had to face along the way. It's an excellent choice to introduce younger kids to this Civil Rights hero. Many people know her only as Coretta Scott King, but she holds her own place in Civil Rights history for her work both before and after her husband's death. In this poetic picture book, Ntozake Shange captures her childhood — including defining moments like walking five miles to the colored school while the White kids' bus showered her with dust — to the marches at Selma and Washington, and ends with stirring images of protesters set to lines from the gospel song "Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Round." This evocative book is a powerful way to introduce this key figure of history. Kids can learn more in Coretta Scott King: I Kept On Marching for ages 7 to 10. Ruby Bridges was just six years old when she walked through an angry crowd, escorted by federal marshals, to integrate an all-white school in New Orleans — by starting kindergarten. In this early reader, Bridges aptly tells her story to her young audience and accents it with historical photographs, allowing emerging readers to develop an understanding of segregation and to explore an iconic moment in the struggle for civil rights. It's an inspiring story about a courageous girl, told in her own voice! For a picture book telling of Bridges' story, check out The Story of Ruby Bridges for ages 4 to 8. When Sharon Langley was almost a year old, she got to ride a carousel — and she had no idea that ride represented a civil rights victory. In the early 1960s, most amusement parks in the South were segregated, so few African-American families had the chance to enjoy the fun. In the summer of 1963, Gwynn Oak Amusement Park in Maryland desegregated, and Sharon was the first African-American child to ride — on the same day as Martin Luther King Jr.'s March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In this picture book retelling of the story, Langley explores how her ride represented the possibilities of the dream of equality: "Nobody first and nobody last, everyone equal, having fun together." In Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963, thousands of children joined the ranks of civil rights protestors in the Children's Crusade. One fictional girl reveals how many restrictions were placed on African Americans: everything from water fountains to playgrounds were off limits. She remembers the furious white onlookers and police officers who met their protest with violence and hate. Despite it all, though, the children stood together: "Our march made the difference," she proclaims proudly. This vivid telling of an important moment in Civil Rights history reminds kids that they, too, can make a difference. Ella Baker's grandfather was a preacher who questioned his flock: "What do you hope to accomplish?" Ella Baker's mother gave her the answer that everyone should "lift as you climb": use your own success and influence to help others. As an adult, Baker joined the Civil Rights Movement, and took both her relatives' words to heart, educating her fellow African Americans about their rights. She partnered with Martin Luther King, Jr. to create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and worked with the NAACP and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, too. In this stunning biography in verse about Baker's little-appreciated influence in the fight for equal rights, kids are invited to consider how they, too, will lift others up. When Ida B. Wells was born in 1862, she and her family were still enslaved — so she knew just how important freedom was. When she was only 16, her parents died, and she took on the responsibility of caring for her younger siblings. But she had big dreams for her future, and built a career as a journalist and newspaper owner. And she was the person who spoke up about the real motivations for lynching — even when facing threats to her own life. Told in a compelling personal voice by Wells' great-granddaughter Michelle Duster, and featuring multitextured art by Coretta Scott King Award Honoree artist Laura Freeman, this powerful profile captures Wells' determination, hope, and constant quest for justice. When the Montgomery Bus Boycotts broke out to protest segregated seating, cook Georgia Gilmore wanted to help. She knew that the boycotters would need cars and gas, and for that, they needed money — so she recruited a bunch of her fellow cooks and bakers to make food to sell. Supporting the boycott was risky, so Gilmore only took cash, and whenever someone asked where the food or money came from, the answer was always the same: "nowhere." This celebration of a little-known figure of the Civil Rights movement celebrates the power of community and how one person can fuel a movement. Kids will be shocked to learn that there was a time when it was illegal to marry someone with a different skin color. Mildred Loving and Richard Perry Loving had been in love for years, but when they moved back to their hometown after getting married, they were arrested. In this charming picture book, author Selina Alko follows the Lovings as they marry, get arrested, and then dare to challenge these unjust laws — all the way to the Supreme Court. Mixed media illustrations capture the love of this adoring couple, as well as their strength as they defied prejudice. Ella Fitzgerald had a gorgeous voice that captivated jazz audiences — and one of her fans was an actress named Marilyn Monroe, who was fighting against sexism for better roles and more voice in her career. When Marilyn got a role with lots of singing, she listened to Ella's recordings to prepare. Her success helped her negotiate better pay and more creative control, and she wanted to thank Ella in person. And when she learned that Ella got turned away from the biggest club in town because she was Black, Marilyn knew she could help Ella's voice be heard too. This powerful true story about these two close friends celebrates how far we can go when we lift one another up. Audrey was only 9 years old, but that didn't mean she didn't listen when the grown-ups talked about wiping out Birmingham's segregation laws. So when she heard them say that they were going to picket those white stores! March to protest those unfair laws! Fill the jails! — she stepped right up and said, "I'll do it!" This picture book biography of the youngest person to be arrested for a civil rights protest in Birmingham will encourage kids to think about how they can make a difference on the issues that matter to them. It wasn't just the US that wrestled with segregation and civil rights; Canada has its own civil rights heroes, among them this savvy businesswoman who found herself the center of the fight for equality when she sat down in a movie theater. When Viola Desmond bought her ticket in 1946, she was arrested after refusing to move from the main floor to the balcony. The varying perspectives in this book capture the emotional intensity of Desmond's trial, and Richard Rudnicki's illustration depict her as a confident woman who was determined not to give way. Shirley Chisholm was determined to be "unbossed and unbought": she was going to fight for change, no matter what! She became the first African American woman elected to Congress in 1968, and four years later, she became the first African American woman to run for president under one of the two big political parties. She may not have won, but she knew what was most important was that everyone across the country saw her, and started to realize that what mattered most wasn't whether you were male or female, or Black or White, but whether you had the ability to be a leader. This book from the You Should Meet early reader series is perfect for newly independent readers to learn about this trailblazing politician! For a picture book about Chisholm, we recommend She Was The First! The Trailblazing Life of Shirley Chisholm for ages 5 to 9. Most people only know Coretta Scott King as the wife of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., but the truth is that she was an activist and leader in her own right — and she kept the Civil Rights Movement working even after her husband's assassination! In this chapter book inspired by the best-selling series She Persisted, award-winning author Kelly Starling Lyons tells the story of King's work as a singer, author, and activist, including how she drove the ongoing quest for equal rights and supported other important causes like women's rights and LGBTQ rights. With compelling text and black and white illustrations throughout, this is the perfect chapter book to introduce emerging readers to this bold woman! Even as a child, Ethel Payne loved hearing stories — and the best ones were the true ones. Her English teacher encouraged her writing, and her chance came when she got a job as a correspondent in Japan for a Chicago newspaper. An article she wrote about discrimination in the military made nationwide news, and soon she was breaking all kinds of gender and racial barriers for women in journalism. She wasn't afraid to ask the tough questions — even once she received a White House press pass — and it wasn't long before she was known as the "First Lady of the Black Press." This is an inspiring story of a woman who defied expectation and dedicated herself to truth and progress. When Ruby Bridges was ready to go to school, her family faced a tough choice: schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, had just been desegregated. If she went to William Frantz Elementary School, 6-year-old Ruby would be the first Black student to integrate the school... and many people didn't want her there. Every day, she had to walk past an angry mob, escorted by federal marshals, and she was alone in the classroom because every other parent had pulled their children out of school. Her quiet courage inspired people across the country, and took an important step towards full desegregation of schools. This early chapter book from the bestselling She Persisted series by award-winning author Kekla Magoon is a tribute to a girl who changed history! Growing up in Chicago in the 1940s, Diane Nash didn't know how how segregation could affect everyday life. It wasn't until she visited the Tennessee State Fair in 1959 as a university student that she saw how much of an impact it had in the South. So Diane connected with other university students — including student preacher John Lewis — and took charge of the Nashville Movement. She lead them with powerful words and nonviolent actions of protest, once leading thousands of marchers to the Nashville courthouse to convince the mayor to integrate lunch counters. She joined the Freedom Rides to integrate interstate buses. And she gained support from luminaries like Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy. This illuminating picture book introduces young readers to one of the strongest voices of the Civil Rights Movement in a powerful tribute to this courageous leader. By the time she was 19, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland had been arrested more than once for her work to support the Civil Rights Movement. As one of the Freedom Riders, she was jailed in the notorious Parchman Penitentiary. During the Woolworth's lunch counter sit-ins in Jackson, Mississippi, Mulholland was the first white person to join the protest. And when Martin Luther King, Jr. led the March on Washington and Selma voting rights marches, Mulholland was there too. This picture book biography sheds light on a little known leader of the Civil Rights Movement, who to this day urges people to take their place as allies for justice. This inspiring story is also available for readers ages 8 to 12 in She Stood For Freedom (Middle Grade Edition). Elizabeth Jennings lived in New York, a "free state" where slavery was outlawed — but that didn't mean she was equal. That truth became shockingly clear one day in 1854 when she was in a rush for church. She boarded a streetcar, only to be ordered off by the conductor because it was a "Whites only" car. When she refused to leave, she was thrown off the streetcar. Jennings decided to take her case to court — complete with testimony from a White witness — and won the first legal victory for equal rights on public transportation. This compelling picture book about Jennings' famous case also features back matter about how Jennings' case set a precedent for future battles, including Rosa Parks' future transit protest. Claudette Colvin was 15 when she was told to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. It was months before Rosa Parks' famous protest and the bus boycott, but Colvin knew what was right, and she refused to move. The Civil Rights Movement leaders didn't think she would make the right face for a case that could stir the nation to action, but she knew that she had taken a critical first step towards ending unjust laws. Inspired by the best-selling picture book She Persisted, this early chapter book is an empowering introduction to a young activist who persisted despite all obstacles. Throughout American history, there were bold, daring Black women who broke all expectations and boundaries to make the world a better place! In this engaging picture book, author/illustrator Vashti Harrison introduces young readers to forty trailblazing women, including abolitionist Sojourner Truth, pilot Bessie Coleman, chemist Alice Ball, politician Shirley Chisholm, mathematician Katherine Johnson, poet Maya Angelou, and filmmaker Julie Dash. This inspiring book, filled with stunning full-page illustrations of each of the featured women, reminds young readers that every great leader began as a little leader, taking their first steps towards something big. Fans of Harrison's work can check out the sequel, Little Dreamers: Visionary Women Around The World, or the Leaders and Dreamers box set, which includes both books. Younger readers can also enjoy the board book Dream Big, Little One for ages 2 to 5. When Coretta Scott King was photographed in a black veil, mourning her husband Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination, many people thought of her as only a wife — but she was much more than that, both to Martin and to the Civil Rights Movement. She spoke up against injustice even as a young woman, but in a movement that prioritized men's voices, she wasn't taken seriously by many. Martin told her, "Corrie, you are a brave soldier. I don't know what I would do without you." And when he died, she had the courage to step forward, holding the movement together and preserving Martin's legacy for the future. This lyrical story from the award-winning team behind Memphis, Martin, and the Mountaintop is a powerful introduction to this instrumental figure. It's one thing to hear the story of Ruby Bridges in the third person, but in this remarkable book, you get to imagine it through her own eyes. In simple language, Bridges recounts the experience of simultaneously knowing that she was part of a bigger era in history, yet still being a child who didn't fully understand why people were so angry at her. With additional material including photographs, sidebars about Bridges' influence in popular culture, and an update on her later life and civil rights work, this volume creates a newly complex portrait of this iconic figure and her incredible courage. The "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement" gets her own entry in the popular Who Was...? biography series This accessible biography introduces the influences in Rosa Parks' life that led her to devote her life to the cause of civil rights. Useful sidebars and timelines help kids understand both Parks' work and the overarching progress of the Civil Rights movement. Engaging and accessible, it's a great way to introduce middle grade readers to this inspiring figure. For more books about Parks, visit our Rosa Parks Collection. Ten women who contributed to the fight for equal rights, from Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman during the time of slavery to Rosa Parks and Dorothy Height during the Civil Rights era, each get their own profile in this inspiring book. Andrea Davis Pinkney's text bursts with admiration for these dedicated campaigners for abolition, desegregation, and women's rights, while her use of colloquialisms and vivid description will have kids flipping the pages to find out what happens. Each profile is accented by a dramatic, stylized portrait from Alcorn. This lively book will bring history to life for young readers. When Ida B. Wells was born in 1862, slavery was still legal; she was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation of 1865. But just because slavery had ended didn't mean things were fair. The intelligent girl saw injustice all around her, and she was determined to end it. As a journalist, she drew the world's attention to the horrors of lynching and other prejudices based on race and sex. As an activist, she helped cofound the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and she marched as a suffragist, too! This exciting book from the Who Was...? biography series introduces middle grade readers to Wells' life as a civil rights activist, anti-lynching campaigner, and pioneering journalist. "I am sick and tired of being sick and tired", Hamer once famously proclaimed, and that sentiment drove her to be a champion of civil rights for over two decades. Her booming oratorical voice and her signature song "This Little Light of Mine" became a key part of the movement, including the Freedom Summer of 1964; her speech at the Democratic National Convention aired on national news despite interference from President Johnson and spurred people to action. Told in the first person, this book's lyrical text and collage illustrations depict the perseverance and courage of this heroic woman. As a child, Kathlyn J. Kirkwood was drawn to activism, particularly to the Civil Rights Movement. As a teenager, she attended protests where she, like many others, drew courage from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s example. When King was assassinated, it would have been easy to lose hope, but Kathlyn and millions of others persevered... and they were also determined that King's memory would not be forgotten. In addition to their fight for justice, they now had a new cause: ensuring that King's birthday was marked with a national holiday. This powerful memoir-in-verse is both a coming of age story and a unique look at history in the making — one which will show young readers that ordinary people working together is what really changes the world. In 1968, after two African American sanitation workers were killed by unsafe equipment, their colleagues throughout Memphis went on strike. Their two-month protest drew so much attention that Dr. Martin Luther King came to help... only to be assassinated in his hotel after giving his famous "I've Been to the Mountaintop" sermon. Through the eyes of a fictional girl (inspired by a real child's experience in the strike), author Alice Faye Duncan captures a key moment in both the labor and civil rights movements. Written in emotional free verse, this picture book for older readers provides an accessible introduction to a challenging and heartbreaking moment in American history. When the Little Rock Nine defied their state's governor to integrate Central High, Elizabeth Eckford didn't get the message to meet the group — so she faced entering the school alone. A local photographer snapped an iconic photograph of a girl jeering at Elizabeth as she stoically walked through the protesting crowd, and that photograph focused the world's attention — and disapproval — on Little Rock's resistance to desegregation. Shelley Tougas' tale of determination and bravery ends with an important postscript to the story: decades later, Elizabeth and Hazel Bryan Massery, the screaming girl in the picture, met and achieved a reconciliation. Touching and heartwrenching, this book captures the power of a single person's photograph to bring change. Tweens can learn the story of Rosa Parks in her own words in this compelling autobiography! Parks' word provide a fresh take on both her famous act of defiance on a Montgomery bus and the many other contributions she made to the Civil Rights movement. In her stirring story, she tells of a childhood listening warily for members of the Ku Klux Klan in the night; time as a secretary for the NAACP; and the experience of becoming a symbol to a nation-wide movement. This book provides a more complex picture of both Parks herself and of the Civil Rights movement as a whole. Marian Anderson never intended to become a symbol of equal rights; she just knew that she had to sing. But in the 1920s and 1930s, social constraints limited the careers of Black performers. Anderson's voice, though, could not be silenced and she achieved international acclaim despite segregation in the arts. But thanks to the help of influential admirers — including Eleanor Roosevelt — her landmark concert at the Lincoln Memorial in 1939 signaled a change for this history of art. This well-researched and expertly told book includes a bibliography, a discography, and an excellent examination of the cultural and social context of Anderson's life turned her into a civil rights icon. As a 6-year-old child, Ruby Bridges became a symbol of courage and equality when she desegregated an all-White elementary school in New Orleans, escorted past a screaming mob by federal marshals. Now, she calls the next generation of young activists to step up for what's right! In this beautiful gift book, Bridges uses her own story to show young readers how even the youngest of us can work for change. With historical photographs, jacket art using Norman Rockwell's painting The Problem We All Live With, and more, this is an empowering and powerful call to action for both children and adults. When Jo Ann Allen joined the Clinton 12 — twelve African-American students who integrated Clinton High School in Tennessee — things seemed easy at first... but as time went on, there was unrest, anger, and even violence. Clever and popular Jo Ann became the spokesperson for the group, always aware that she and her peers were fighting for a critical change to the nation's education system. In this novel in verse, she tells her story, reminding readers that court-ordered integration was a double-edged sword ("We’re in, yes./ But it’s more complicated than that") but conveys a message of hope in a future of true racial equality. Sharon Robinson's 13th birthday happened just before new Alabama governor George Wallace declared "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" on national television in 1963. But for Sharon, the privileged daughter of baseball star Jackie Robinson, she feels pulled between her parents' efforts on behalf of the Civil Rights Movement and her classmates' ignorance about the struggle. In her large house and wealthy life, she feels different from both her white and black peers — and she worries about her brother, who feels like he has to live up to his father's name. Over the course of a year, this memoir traces how Sharon finds her place and her voice as a child of Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream. 1954's Brown vs. Board of Education was a critical ruling in the desegregation of US schools — but getting there was a long road. The name on the case came from the family of Linda Brown, a black third-grader refused entry to an all-white Topeka, Kansas, school, but there were many additional families involved, including children in South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Award-winning author Susan Goldman Rubin explores the complex history behind this key court decision, as well as the modern, not fully desegregated, school system. This compelling account will open young readers' eyes to the work — and sacrifice — behind the case that's often forgotten. In every civil rights battle, children and teens took their parts too. This book collects the stories of thirty African Americans who were children or teens during the 1950s and 1960s. Each of them describes what it was like to grow up in a segregated America, how it felt to participate in protests, sit-ins, and school integrations, and the realities of the hatred, violence, and legal threats they faced as they did so. These powerful stories serve as a reminder that it took everyone, from the youngest to the oldest, to fight for the rights African-American people deserved. Nine months before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, fifteen-year-old Claudette Colvin did the same — but instead rather than receiving support, she found herself shunned by classmates and dismissed by community leaders. And yet she remained determined to effect change, and a year later, she challenged Jim Crow laws again by becoming one of the key plaintiffs in Browder vs. Gayle, a landmark court case. This National Book Award winner shines a light on an important but little-known figure from Civil Rights history. As a child, Melba Pattillo Beals saw Klansmen hang a man from the rafters during a prayer meeting; as a teen, she was almost raped when she was unknowingly taken to a KKK meeting. And throughout, she asked tough questions: why should she have to drink from a separate fountain, or live her life feeling unsafe? The adults in her life wanted her to keep quiet out of fear, but she refused: she knew there was a future where she could live free — and as one of the Little Rock Nine, she made her mark on history. This powerful memoir captures the courage and determination of Beals and the other child activists like her who pushed for change. You probably think you know Rosa Parks' story: on a day when she was tired, she refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus, setting off the Montgomery bus boycott and a critical Civil Rights Movement win. But that's not the real story! Parks was a long-time activist who made a deliberate, strategic decision... and paid the price for her public defiance of Jim Crow laws. In this young readers edition of the award-winning The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks, young people can learn the true story of Parks' lifelong devotion to equality — and be inspired to fight for it themselves. Lynda Lowery was the youngest marcher in the 1965 Selma protest, but her youth never protected her; she had been arrested eleven times, and sent to jail nine times, before her fifteenth birthday. This gripping memoir captures the experience of being a teenage protester in Selma, from the constant threats of violence to the inhumane "sweatbox" steel cell where she and twenty other girls were imprisoned until they all passed out. And yet, Lowery's memoir is one of home and optimism: while she doesn't shy away from the realities of what protesters faced, she highlights that she suffered these ordeals in order to change American history for the better. Melba Patillo turned sixteen in 1957, the same year that she became an unwitting warrior for desegregation. As one of the Little Rock Nine, she faced a firestorm of opposition as she entered the previously all-white Central High. In a harrowing ordeal, Melba faced everything from taunts to threats to an attack with acid that injured her eyes, but she never gave up her courage or her dignity. "Searing" is exactly the right description for this affecting story of friendship, faith, and personal commitment, and young adult readers will be shocked to learn just how hard African American teens had to fight for their right to receive an equal education. Fighting for justice: Historical Fiction In order to understand the impact the Civil Rights Movement has had on American history, kids need to learn what life was like before these hard-fought changes. These works of historical fiction depict life during segregation, as well as the fierce resistance that civil rights campaigners and groundbreakers faced every day. Belle is looking forward to an exciting summer: Grandmama Coles is touring the South with a swing jazz band, and Belle gets to come! But while the places she visits are new, some things are just the same... like the segregation Belle and Grandmama face at every stop. When Grandmama sings, though, everyone comes to listen, and Grandmama says she can see a day when people are united all the time. "That's the kind of world I want for you," she tells Belle. This book doesn't shy away from the realities of segregation, but the optimistic tone highlights the power of art to bring people together. When Connie and her mother go shopping at Woolworth's, they can have a soda as a treat — but they have to drink them standing up, since African Americans aren't allowed at the lunch counter. In fact, all over town there are signs telling Connie where she can't go. Then, one day, her father says that Dr. King is coming to town, and soon Connie gets to see her older brother and sister joining the sit-in protests, in hopes that someday, anyone can sit down where they please. Carole Weatherford perfectly captures a child's perspective, but still conveys an important message about the power of peaceful protest. In Clover’s 1950s town, a fence runs down the middle: one side is for young Clover's African American community, while the other side is where the white people live. But one day, Clover meets a little girl named Annie who lives on the other side of the fence. Cautiously, the two girls approach each other, wondering how they can play together without breaking the rules. Finally, the solution occurs to them — and they spend the day sitting on the fence together. Elegant watercolor illustrations by E.B. Lewis pair perfectly with Woodson’s thoughtful text to effectively communicate the deep truth behind Annie’s comment: “Someday somebody's going to come along and knock this old fence down.” A little girl and her sister sneak out of the house, down the street to where men and women are gathering for a protest march. In the air is the sweet smell of roses; in their minds, the sweet hope of justice and equality. Inspired by the many children who also participated in protests and marches, Johnson has written a poetic tribute to the spirit of optimism that pervaded the Civil Rights movement, perfectly accented with Velasquez' charcoal illustrations, where small pops of color illuminate key details like the ribbon on a teddy bear, the roses, and the American flag. Six year old Sarah Marie is excited to visit her grandmother, but she's never seen the segregation of the Deep South. Her family tries to protect the children from the realities of Jim Crow — her mother tells them that the seats are the back at the best, and that they aren't going to the lunch counter because they brought something delicious to eat — but Sarah Marie still realizes that something deeply unjust is going on. Young readers will empathize with Sarah Marie's confusion, and with her delight when, on a future trip, Sarah Marie discovers that the segregated spaces are gone. This gentle and powerful book introduces the history of segregation and celebrates how families like Sarah Marie's resisted with quiet dignity. Today is election day, and nothing — not even the steep hill she has to climb to get to the polling station — will keep 100-year-old Lillian from placing her ballot. As she walks, she remembers the path through history that resulting in her path to the polls: her great-grandfather, voting for the first time after the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment; her parents, trying and failing to register to vote; and her own participation, many years ago, in a protest march from Selma to Montgomery. This vivid story of one woman's determination provides an apt metaphor for the determination of those who fought for equal rights for all. Ella Mae is excited when she outgrows her hand-me-down shoes — for the first time, she'll get a new pair of her very own! But when they go to the shoe store, Ella Mae and her mother discover the shop owner only allows white people to buy. Determined to fight back, Ella Mae and her friend Charlotte create their own business, gathering used shoes and repairing and polishing them to perfection. And at their shoe sale, the African American members of their community get to "try on all the shoes they want." This story provides an introduction to the concept of segregation, but also a powerful message of optimism. In this story-within-a-story, a granddaughter listens raptly as her grandmother tells her a tale of the segregated South. As a child, she saw a water fountain labelled with a sign reading "Whites only." Innocently, she misinterpreted the sign to mean that she could only drink if she stood at the fountain in her white socks, so she kicked off her shoes... only to get pulled away by an angry white man, threatening to whip her. However, the African American adults nearby rallied to her aid, one by one kicking off their own shoes and taking their own deep drinks from the fountain. The depiction of segregation in this story is simplified to make it more accessible to young readers, but the message is clear: judging people by the color of their skin is as silly as judging them by the color of their socks. It's the 1950s, and Ruth's family is excited: they've just bought a new car and are ready to set off to visit Ruth's grandmother in Alabama! But they soon discover that Jim Crow laws make traveling difficult, since many hotels and gas stations won't serve African Americans. Then, a friendly gas station attendant introduces them to The Green Book, a guide specifically for African-American travelers that tells them where they will be welcomed. Filled with gorgeous oil wash paintings, this thoughtful story is a loving tribute to The Green Book through the eyes of a curious young girl. There's plenty of talk about the new sixth-grade teacher at Shady Creek. Mrs. Smyre is the first African American teacher in the town; it's 1969, and while black folks and white folks are cordial, having a black teacher at an all-white school is a strange new happening. For 12-year-old Sarah Beth, there are so many unanswered questions. What is all this talk about Freedom Riders and school integration? Why can't she and Ruby become best friends? And who says school isn't for anybody who wants to learn — or teach? In a world filled with uncertainty, one very special teacher shows her young students and the adults in their lives that change invites unexpected possibilities. With the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling, Dawnie's world is turned upside down. Now, she has to attend a previously all-white school — alone, without her friends beside her — and face the harsh realities of angry reactions to enforced integration. Dawnie struggles to prove that she deserves the opportunity for a good education, but when her father loses his job and her brother is bullied, she questions whether it is all worth it. Fortunately, Dawnie has the determination to face these challenges head on, in hopes that others won't face them in the future. This book from the popular Dear America historical fiction series captures the reality of what many students faced every day on the journey to school integration. At the heart of battles against school segregation were children — children just like the ones in classrooms today. In this remarkable book by beloved author Toni Morrison, she uses archival photographs of the Civil Rights movement, most of them depicting the ordinary young people whose lives were so deeply affected. Alongside these images, she crafts dialogue that captures what these children, who carried so much on their shoulders, were feeling and experiencing. Morrison's vibrant fictional account of "separate but equal" schooling and the battle for integrated classrooms, published for the 50th anniversary of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling, is a powerful way to teach kids about this important part of American history. Glory has always looked forward to celebrating her July 4th birthday at the community pool. But in 1964, the summer she turns 12, that proves to be complicated. The town is in an uproar: Yankee "freedom people" are insisting that the pool be desegregated, and in response, the town has closed the pool "for repairs" indefinitely. As the conflict continues, and Glory comes of age, she begins to look beyond her own situation and see the closure of the pool in the context of the broader world. This memorable story captures the thoughts and feelings of a girl caught on the cusp of adulthood and facing true injustice she had never noticed before. Billie Simms may only be 13, but she is already determined to see an end to segregation in her hometown of Anniston, Alabama — even if few people agree with her. When she hears that the Freedom Riders will pass through Anniston, Billie hopes that the town will see the justice in their cause; instead, they show the depths of their racism and prejudice. With the buses about to move on, Billie has to decide what to do: stay safe at home, or join the cause she believes in so passionately. In addition to the presentation of historical events, this novel explores Billie's developing awareness of her own internalized racism, which provides an intriguing starting point for discussion about racial issues of today. It's 1958, and twelve-year-old Marlee is struggling: the Governor of Arkansas has shut all high schools to avoid the federal order to integrate schools, so her sister has been sent away so she doesn't miss a year. Always shy, Marlee responds to the chaos by retreating even more... until she meets Liz, the new girl at her middle school. Fearless and determined, Liz knows just what to say to encourage Marlee to find her voice. Then, one day, Liz is gone; rumor has it that she was actually black, and pretending to be white. Liz's friendship helps Marlee understand the damage that segregation does — and the value of fighting it. As racial tensions rise, danger looms for both the girls and their families as they stand up for integration, but their friendship helps them stand strong. Heartfelt and satisfying, this story of friendship and the fight for justice will make young readers cheer. Loretta Little is a sharecropper, picking cotton in the late 1920s; she had no idea that her niece will get to view the culmination of the Civil Rights Movement's fight for the vote. Told in three narratives — one by Loretta from 1927 to 1930, one by her brother Roly from 1942 to 1950, and one by Roly's daughter Aggie from 1962 to 1968, this novel brings the hardships facing African Americans to vivid life — poverty, racism, and violence — while also capturing the courage, dignity, and hope of each generation as they fight for a better future. With its innovative format and gorgeous spot illustrations, this is a one-of-a-kind novel that tells an important tale of U.S. history. Dani's Grandma Beans hasn't spoken to Avadelle Richardson for decades, and no one seems to know why — until Grandma Beans tells Dani to find an envelope and a key that she's hidden. Dani decides to investigate, and with the help of her friends she uncovers a whole history of their hometown in Oxford, Mississippi that they'd never heard before: segregation, violence, race riots, and a betrayal that cut Grandma Beans to the bone. For kids who usually hear a sanitized version of the Civil Rights struggles of the 1960s, this book will open their eyes to the brutality of the process — and to the injustices that linger to this day. In Greenwood, Mississippi in 1964, the adults all say they're "being invaded" — by people from up north coming to help voter registrations in something called the Freedom Summer. At first, Sunny doesn't even worry about that; she's caught up in her own invasion, a new stepmother and siblings pushing their way into her life. But a moment at a public pool opens her eyes to the racism that pervades her hometown, and soon Sunny is trying to figure out how she too can fight for what's right and fair. Real source materials — including an actual KKK pamphlet from the time period — drive home the viciousness that civil rights campaigners faced during the time period. Deborah Wiles, award-winning author of Countdown, tells a riveting story of kids who, in a world where everyone is choosing sides, must figure out how to stand up for themselves and fight for what's right. 12-year-old Sylvia is an honor student who is both thrilled and scared to be selected as one of the students to integrate Central High School in 1957 Little Rock. Unlike her older brother, she doesn't want to be a hero; she just wants a chance to learn. And as the racism in Little Rock explodes — and even members of Sylvia's own community speak out against integration — Sylvia starts to wonder if she would be better off in the black-only school, focusing on getting to college instead of changing the world. In addition to its unflinching look at the realities of being the ones to desegregate a school, this book challenges young adult readers to consider how their decisions shape the future. Additional Recommended Resources - For more books about the struggle for civil rights and liberties, visit our Top Mighty Girl Books About Civil Rights History. - For more resources about some of the key figures mentioned above, visit our Rosa Parks, Ruby Bridges, and Coretta Scott King collections. - For books about social issues relating to prejudice, visit our selection of books about Racial / Ethnic Discrimination. - For more books for Black History Month, visit our African American History Collection.

https://www.amightygirl.com/blog?p=11177

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Depictions of insanity through history. Nebuchadnezzar turned into an animal, 1410. Modern psychiatry seems determined to rob madness of its meanings, insisting that its depredations can be reduced to biology and nothing but biology. One must doubt it. The social and cultural dimensions of mental disorders, so indispensable a part of the story of madness and civilization over the centuries, are unlikely to melt away, or to prove no more than an epiphenomenal feature of so universal a feature of human existence. Madness indeed has its meanings, elusive and evanescent as our attempts to capture them have been. Western culture throughout its long and tangled history provides us with a rich array of images, a remarkable set of windows into both popular and latterly professional beliefs about insanity. The sacred books of the Judeo-Christian tradition are shot through with stories of madness caused by possession by devils or divine displeasure. From Saul, the first king of the Israelites (made mad by Yahweh for failing to carry out to the letter the Lord’s command to slay every man, woman, and child of the Amalekite tribe, and all their animals, too), to the man in the country of the Gaderenes “with an unclean spirit” (maddened, naked, and violent, whose demons Christ casts out and causes to enter a herd of swine, who forthwith rush over a cliff into the sea to drown), here are stories recited for centuries by believers, and often transformed into pictorial form. None proved more fascinating than the story of Nebuchadnezzar, the mighty king of Babylon, the man who captured Jerusalem and destroyed its Temple, carrying the Jews off into captivity all apparently without incurring divine wrath. Swollen with pride, however, he impiously boasts of “the might of my power,” and a savage and jealous God has had enough: driven mad, he “did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagle’s feathers, and his nails like bird’s claws.” The description has proved irresistible to many an artist: above, an unknown German artist working in early fifteenth-century Regensburg provides a portrait of the changes madness wrought upon the sane. Disease was rife in the ancient, medieval, and early modern world. It was often interpreted through a religious lens, and the spread of Christian belief through pagan Europe was often facilitated by the use of miracles and wonders to demonstrate the power of the Christian God. The ability to cure sick and tortured souls was increasingly brought about by the intercession of saints and martyrs, whose relics were believed to have miraculous power to heal the sick, reanimate the halt and the lame, and restore sight to the blind. The tombs of saints like St. Margaret of Antioch and St. Dymphna of Geel, who had both been beheaded, were popular choices for those seeking relief from mental distress, as was the shrine of St. Thomas à Becket, whose murder in Canterbury Cathedral is here shown in a mid-thirteenth-century codex. The saint’s blood was thought to cure insanity, blindness, leprosy, and deafness, not to mention a host of other ailments. Naturalistic accounts of madness, those that saw its roots in the body, had an ancient lineage as well. Though many in classical Greece and Rome still embraced supernatural accounts of mental disturbance and had recourse to the temple medicine of the god Asclepius, with its purification rites, charms, and spells, others were attracted to the humoral model of disease embraced by the followers of Hippocrates and later systematized by the Graseco-Roman physician Galen—a model of illness, both mental and physical, that would survive in Europe into the nineteenth century. Hieronymus Bosch’s satirical painting of The Cure of Folly: The Extraction of the Stone of Folly, which dates from c. 1494, suggests that skepticism about medical claims remained widespread despite physicians’ best efforts. A doctor dressed in a dunce’s cap uses a scalpel to draw forth the supposed cause of madness from the scalp of a patient. Though religious interpretations of mental disturbance persisted in both polite and popular circles well into the eighteenth century (and among hoi polloi even longer than that), medical models of mental disorder gradually became the dominant and then almost the only legitimate interpretation of the sources of mental distress. The eighteenth century saw the rise in England, the first consumer society, of a private trade in lunacy. Mad-doctors, as they were then called (the double entendre would later cause specialists in the management of lunacy to search for a more respectable name), marketed their madhouses as ways to save affluent families from the travails and potential disgrace of keeping a lunatic at home, and over time began to claim the ability to cure as well as immure the insane. The technological inventiveness of the Industrial Revolution was soon extended to devices intended to shock and startle the mad back to their senses. Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin’s grandfather, suggested a swinging chair, and soon a variety of such devices were marketed, one promising that by “increasing the velocity of the swing, the motion be[ing] suddenly reversed every six or eight minutes … the consequence is, an instant discharge of the stomach, bowels, and bladder, in quick succession.” Others promoted a variety of devices designed to simulate drowning—though sometimes, unfortunately, the drowning proved all too real. And the American mad-doctor, Benjamin Rush, created a special chair, one that “binds and confines every part of the body … Its effects have been truly delightful to me. It acts as a sedative to the tongue and temper as well as to the blood vessels. I have called it a Tranquillizer.” Aristotle had seen the heart as the seat of the emotions and the intellect. By contrast, the Hippocratics saw the brain as their center. The anatomical investigations of the late seventeenth-century Oxford physician Thomas Willis (the man who coined the term neurologie) had given new impetus to the study of the role of the brain and the nervous system, and by the early nineteenth century, few medical men doubted that the etiology of insanity could be traced to disorders of the nerves and the brain. Among the most talented early nineteenth-century anatomists of these organs were the Austrian physicians Franz Gall and J.G. Spurzheim, who viewed the brain as a congeries of organs, each region corresponding to particular psychological functions. They asserted that the relative size of a particular organ was indicative of the strength of a particular mental function and that its size could be increased or decreased through mental exercise, rather as muscles can be developed or can atrophy. As the cranial bones developed, they allegedly conformed to the underlying comparative development of the brain’s different parts. Thus, a person’s mental capacities could be deduced from the confirmation of the head. Phrenological claims to provide a guide to human capacities and a somatic account of the origins of insanity soon became the butt of ridicule (as can be seen in this caricature, where Gall himself examines the head of an attractive young woman, while three gentlemen wait their turns to have their own characters read). Yet Gall’s underlying doctrine of cerebral localization enjoyed a long half life in neurology. The handful of profit-making madhouses that emerged in the eighteenth century were dwarfed by the Great Confinement of the insane that marked the nineteenth. States all across Europe and North America embraced the asylum solution, prompted in part by the assurances of the medical men who soon monopolized the running of these places that they were architectural contrivances uniquely suited to the management and cure of the mentally disturbed. It was within the walls of the asylum that alienists (as many now called themselves) developed and articulated their claims to expertise, and sought to manage the madness of those they confined. Their textbooks recorded their encounter with the insane. Early in the nineteenth century, many still had recourse to various forms of mechanical restraint, as this 1838 illustration from the French alienist J.E.D. Esquirol vividly shows. Later, many asylum doctors sought to distance themselves from such devices, proclaiming that they could manage the mad through moral suasion alone. The ancient divisions of insanity into such subtypes as mania, melancholia, and dementia were amended as alienists sought to persuade politicians and the public at large that their expertise allowed them to distinguish whole new realms of madness, each with their own characteristic features. If phrenology’s claims had been abandoned, the notion that madness might be read from the physiognomy of the face had not. Hence, the first major English-language textbook of the new asylum age, John Charles Bucknill’s and Daniel Hack Tuke’s A Manual of Psychological Medicine (1858) carried as its frontispiece an illustration of “Types of Insanity”—and, later in the century, Charles Darwin sought in the countenances of insane patients at the West Riding County Asylum in Yorkshire to uncover The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). The asylum era had been launched amidst utopian expectations of cure. Its failure to deliver on its early promises brought about a rapid deterioration in its reputation, and increasingly, a portrait of the inmates of asylumdom as a biologically degenerate lot. Desperate to avoid the stigma of certification and confinement in what came to be seen as cemeteries for the still-breathing, nervous patients of means flocked instead to a variety of homes for the nervous, where they were treated with hydrotherapy, vegetable diets, massage, programs of rest and of exercise, and a variety of electrical treatments—stimulation from impressive machines constructed of brass and chrome to create and dispense static electrical shocks to arouse torpid nervous systems; and more targeted therapy from electrical vibrators, as shown here. Arguably, the most prominent of these places was the Battle Creek Sanitarium run by the Kellogg brothers, which entertained presidents, industrial magnates and Hollywood stars in the first decades of the twentieth century, where in addition to the delights listed above, they were treated with phototherapy, the strategic manipulation of light. Battle Creek Sanitarium. A different class of nervous patient thronged the wards of one of the great Paris hospitals for the poor. Here the self-described Napoleon of the Neuroses, Jean-Martin Charcot, had built his career by distinguishing a variety of awful neurological afflictions, from disseminated multiple sclerosis; aphasia; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (better known to most Americans as Lou Gehrig’s disease); Tourette’s syndrome, chorea; locomotor ataxia (a complication of tertiary syphilis, as would become apparent in the early twentieth century); and so on. But what later drew his attention was one of the great epidemic diseases of the age, a disorder that has now disappeared from the psychiatric lexicon: hysteria. Weekly, in an amphitheater in front of tout Paris, he hypnotized a parade of scantily clad young women, many of them repeat performers. The patients staged (and that is the appropriate word), the various stages of a hysterical fit: the seizures and the impossible bodily contortions of course, but more entertainingly still, the attitudes passionelles, the emotional gestures, cries and whispers that displayed unmistakably erotic overtones. And then they were re-hypnotized in private, so that they could hold their poses for the primitive cameras of the age, thus allowing their images to be reproduced and shown to a still larger virtual audience in the volumes of the Iconographis Photographique de la Salpêtrière. Of course, we denizens of the twenty-first century have moved beyond all this frippery and superstition. We live in an age of medical science, where even the formerly dark art of psychiatry has advanced into modernity. Just as penicillin symbolizes the age of the magic bullet in general medicine, the advent of a cure for formerly deadly bacterial infections, so too, at last, mental illness has its miracle drugs: the antipsychotics that arrived on the scene with the introduction of Thorazine in 1954, soon followed by the minor tranquillizers like Miltown and Valium, till we all entered upon the promised era when we all became “better than well” and embraced Prozac Nation. On second thoughts, perhaps not. Neither the antipsychotics nor the antidepressants, minor or major, are a psychiatric penicillin. To the contrary, they are at best a Band-Aid, a set of palliative measures that damp down the florid symptoms of psychosis (and perhaps rein in the violence that accompanies it—as in the accompanying early advertisement for the wonders of Thorazine), but often do not work as advertized, and for many bring with them a set of disabling iatrogenic (physician-caused) side effects: neurological tics and disturbances that are the often-permanent stigmatizing signs of tardive dyskinesia, emotional numbing, sexual impotence, massive weight gain, and life-threatening metabolic disorders. Courtesy Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images. A half century ago, the Rolling Stones sang a mordant song celebrating the “Mother’s Little Helper,” the little yellow pill that tranquilized bored housewives everywhere as it hurried them along to their “busy dying day.” Some younger folks might consider it a welcome solution to the problem of “what a drag it is getting old.” As my final image suggests, however, drug companies have preferred to market it as a solution to the travails of those trapped in an endless round of housework. It would appear that even in the age of the psychopharmacological revolution, we cannot escape the meanings that attach themselves like limpets to the phenomenon that is madness. Andrew Scull is the author of Madness in Civilization: A Cultural History of Insanity, from the Bible to Freud, from the Madhouse to Modern Medicine and distinguished professor of sociology and science studies at the University of California, San Diego. His books include Hysteria: The Disturbing History, Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine, and Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade. He lives in La Jolla, California. Madness in Civilization: A Cultural History of Insanity, from the Bible to Freud, from the Madhouse to Modern Medicine is available now. Last / Next Article

http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/22/madness-and-meaning/

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The bishop, Peder Windstrup, died 336 years ago, and was taken out of his crypt at Lund Cathedral in southern Sweden in September last year. He was returned on Friday along with the remains of a human fetus discovered at his feet and given a second traditional Lutheran funeral. Windstrup's body is one of the best-preserved in Europe from the 1600s and is believed to have been mummified by the cold Nordic air rather than the embalming methods popular with Egyptians. The coffin of the bishop, who was an influentual Lutheran church leader, was initially opened 15 months ago because the cathedral planned to bury him. But archaeologists and scientists campaigned to examine the body first, arguing that their findings could play an important role in medical research. Unlike embalmed mummies which had their internal organs removed, most of Windstrup's insides remained intact and he was even given a CT scan at the city's University Hospital. "His remains constitute a unique archive of medical history on the living conditions and health of people living in the 1600s”, Per Karsten, director of the Historical Museum at Lund University, said in a press statement in July this year. The mummy went on display at Lund University's Historical Museum this week, with more than 3,500 people turning up to see him on Wednesday. The museum stayed open until 10pm to ensure as many as possible got a glimpse. "This is as close as you can get to the 1600s," Per Karsten, Lund University Historical Museum's Director, told Swedish newspaper Sydsvenskan earlier this week. But he described the record turnout as "completely incomprehensible" and praised the public for queueing patiently to get in. Join the conversation in our comments section below. Share your own views and experience and if you have a question or suggestion for our journalists then email us at [email protected]. Please log in here to leave a comment.

http://www.thelocal.se/20151211/mummy-bishop-drives-masses-to-swedish-

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Blacks and Jews as Minority People Who Were Once Enslaved Although relations between American Blacks and Jews have been strained in recent years, during the Civil Rights era, Jewish leaders marched side by side with men like Dr. King. There was a sense of commonality, of shared heritage, of being two peoples who had been oppressed, two peoples who both knew slavery. Now, in the aftermath of the DeSean Jackson Hitler tweets, the theme of shared suffering has emerged again. Distinguishing Jews from Whites? As expressed by the outspoken sports commentator Stephen A. Smith, himself Black, “even though you might have a lighter hue, a lighter pigmentation, the Jewish community, not the white community, the Jewish community is the one that had to endure the Holocaust. We talk about 6 million Jews that were murdered by that devil, Adolf Hitler, that wasn’t white people that were murdered, those were Jewish folks.” Not White people but Jewish folks? Weren’t the Jews slaughtered in the Holocaust primarily Ashkenazi Jews, hence Caucasian? What did Smith mean? His point appeared to be that they weren’t killed because of whiteness, since the German and other killers were White as well. They were killed because they were Jews, and even here in America, they remain a minority among the larger White community. He continued, “So, from a categorical perspective, it’s two differents. It’s two different groups. When we’re talking about racial oppression, racial inequality and beyond, we’re talking about what’s happening in this nation.” Similarly, NFL player Zach Banning, who is also Black, said, “There’s a common misbelief among black and brown people, and I know this from growing up, and I’ve heard it and listened to it: that Jewish people are just like any other white race. You know, you mix them up with the rest of the majority and you don’t understand that they’re a minority as well.” So, even though the vast majority of American Jews are White, they are a minority within White America with their own unique history of suffering. How interesting to hear these comments from two Black Americans. The Black Hebrew Israelites In the early 1990s, I had a confrontation with a group of Black Hebrew Israelites in Times Square, New York. As I heard them preach through a loudspeaker, I was moved to challenge their lies and confront their hate. Then, I turned to the crowd and shouted out, “These men are deceiving you! Jesus preached a religion of love! They’re preaching a religion of hate!” After that, I said to the preachers and their bodyguards, “We are both nations of liberated slaves, and one day we’ll find ourselves at the bottom of the barrel. We will need each other!” (What I failed to calculate was that I was the only White person in the crowd, aside from my colleague, himself a Jewish believer in Jesus like me. Before I left, the small crowd started chanting, “Death to America! Death to the white man!” It appears they didn’t feel the love! For a more recent confrontation with Black Hebrew Israelites, this time in Charlotte, North Carolina, see here.) Aside from being an interesting story, though, I relate it here to emphasize the perspective of shared historic suffering, something that is often forgotten today because of American Jewish prosperity and influence. But it wasn’t always like that, even here in America. The Shared Suffering As noted in an October 2018 article in The Atlantic, “Even as Jews started to break into certain industries, such as entertainment, in the 1930s and ’40s, they confronted tight restrictions that kept them out of law firms, medical professions, universities and colleges, fraternities, hotels, country clubs, and more. One hotel boasted in an advertisement, ‘No Hebrews or tubercular guests received.’ Elite institutions of higher learning such as Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Princeton imposed strict quotas on how many Jews they would admit. The application for Sarah Lawrence College asked, “Has your daughter been brought up to strict Sunday observance?” Like African Americans, Jews were subject to restrictive real-estate covenants that prevented “Hebrews” from living in particular neighborhoods.” Of course, anti-Jewish discrimination in America cannot be compared to the suffering of American Blacks. But Jewish suffering worldwide through history is as awful and unrelenting as the suffering of any people group. In that regard, there can be great commonality in shared experiences. That’s why today, when a Black American is killed in cold blood and it appears the killer will get away with murder, the pain of past lynchings is immediately present. In the same way, when antisemitism rears its ugly head in America, especially in extreme, murderous forms, that bloodshed is experienced in light of the Holocaust and prior atrocities. Farrakhan and Others Stirring Up Hatred of Jews Among Blacks Ironically, divisive Black leaders like Louis Farrakhan have stirred up hatred of the Jewish people among their followers. The Nation of Islam even published a three-volume work that claims to detail the major role allegedly played by the Jews during the time of slavery. (For a demolition of these volumes with accurate scholarship, see here.) And members of the Jewish community have sometimes looked down their noses at American Blacks, as if they were somehow inferior. The animosity has gone both ways. As for the issue of “whiteness,” Fox News reports that, “The City of Seattle held a racially segregated employee training session aimed at White staffers and instructing them on “undoing your own whiteness” in order to be held accountable by people of color, according to documents obtained by a public records request.” And get this: “Those who attended the session were also shown a datasheet titled ‘Assimilation into Whiteness,’ which claimed to document how those of Arab, Jewish, Finnish, German, Italian, Armenian or Irish descent still classify as White.” So, an Arab American, who is certainly part of a small minority that has many obstacles to overcome, given the suspicion that he might be a violent Muslim, is classified as “White” – as in evil, bad, sinful White. And it is the same with Jews. They are White too, and therefore part of the problem, guilty of White Supremacy. Thankfully, neither Smith nor Banner got the memo, and their comments point the way to renewed and improved relationships between the Black and Jewish communities. We share a history as liberated slaves and oppressed minorities. We can share a future as free people working for a better world. Why not? Dr. Michael Brown (www.askdrbrown.org) is the host of the nationally syndicated Line of Fire radio program. His latest book is Evangelicals at the Crossroads: Will We Pass the Trump Test? Connect with him on Facebook, Twitter or YouTube.

https://stream.org/blacks-and-jews-as-minority-people-who-were-

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You can’t prove truth, but using deductive and inductive reasoning, you can get close. Learn the difference between the two types of reasoning and how to use them when evaluating facts and arguments. In this article we’ll cover: Ok, let’s dig in and see what we can learn. As odd as it sounds, in science, law, and many other fields, there is no such thing as proof — there are only conclusions drawn from facts and observations. Scientists cannot prove a hypothesis, but they can collect evidence that points to its being true. Lawyers cannot prove that something happened (or didn’t), but they can provide evidence that seems irrefutable. The question of what makes something true is more relevant than ever in this era of alternative facts and fake news. This article explores truth — what it means and how we establish it. We’ll dive into inductive and deductive reasoning as well as a bit of history. “Contrariwise,” continued Tweedledee, “if it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic.”— Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass The essence of reasoning is a search for truth. Yet truth isn’t always as simple as we’d like to believe it is. For as far back as we can imagine, philosophers have debated whether absolute truth exists. Although we’re still waiting for an answer, this doesn’t have to stop us from improving how we think by understanding a little more. In general, we can consider something to be true if the available evidence seems to verify it. The more evidence we have, the stronger our conclusion can be. When it comes to samples, size matters. As my friend Peter Kaufman says: What are the three largest, most relevant sample sizes for identifying universal principles? Bucket number one is inorganic systems, which are 13.7 billion years in size. It’s all the laws of math and physics, the entire physical universe. Bucket number two is organic systems, 3.5 billion years of biology on Earth. And bucket number three is human history…. In some areas, it is necessary to accept that truth is subjective. For example, ethicists accept that it is difficult to establish absolute truths concerning whether something is right or wrong, as standards change over time and vary around the world. When it comes to reasoning, a correctly phrased statement can be considered to have objective truth. Some statements have an objective truth that we cannot ascertain at present. For example, we do not have proof for the existence or non-existence of aliens, although proof does exist somewhere. Deductive and inductive reasoning are both based on evidence. Several types of evidence are used in reasoning to point to a truth: - Direct or experimental evidence — This relies on observations and experiments, which should be repeatable with consistent results. - Anecdotal or circumstantial evidence — Overreliance on anecdotal evidence can be a logical fallacy because it is based on the assumption that two coexisting factors are linked even though alternative explanations have not been explored. The main use of anecdotal evidence is for forming hypotheses which can then be tested with experimental evidence. - Argumentative evidence — We sometimes draw conclusions based on facts. However, this evidence is unreliable when the facts are not directly testing a hypothesis. For example, seeing a light in the sky and concluding that it is an alien aircraft would be argumentative evidence. - Testimonial evidence — When an individual presents an opinion, it is testimonial evidence. Once again, this is unreliable, as people may be biased and there may not be any direct evidence to support their testimony. “The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.”— Laplace, Théorie analytique des probabilités (1812) The fictional character Sherlock Holmes is a master of induction. He is a careful observer who processes what he sees to reach the most likely conclusion in the given set of circumstances. Although he pretends that his knowledge is of the black-or-white variety, it often isn’t. It is true induction, coming up with the strongest possible explanation for the phenomena he observes. Consider his description of how, upon first meeting Watson, he reasoned that Watson had just come from Afghanistan: “Observation with me is second nature. You appeared to be surprised when I told you, on our first meeting, that you had come from Afghanistan.” “You were told, no doubt.”“Nothing of the sort. I knew you came from Afghanistan. From long habit the train of thoughts ran so swiftly through my mind, that I arrived at the conclusion without being conscious of intermediate steps. There were such steps, however. The train of reasoning ran, ‘Here is a gentleman of a medical type, but with the air of a military man. Clearly an army doctor, then. He has just come from the tropics, for his face is dark, and that is not the natural tint of his skin, for his wrists are fair. He has undergone hardship and sickness, as his haggard face says clearly. His left arm has been injured. He holds it in a stiff and unnatural manner. Where in the tropics could an English army doctor have seen much hardship and got his arm wounded? Clearly in Afghanistan.’ The whole train of thought did not occupy a second. I then remarked that you came from Afghanistan, and you were astonished.” (From Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s A Study in Scarlet) Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions from facts, using logic. We draw these kinds of conclusions all the time. If someone we know to have good literary taste recommends a book, we may assume that means we will enjoy the book. Induction can be strong or weak. If an inductive argument is strong, the truth of the premise would mean the conclusion is likely. If an inductive argument is weak, the logic connecting the premise and conclusion is incorrect. There are several key types of inductive reasoning: - Generalized — Draws a conclusion from a generalization. For example, “All the swans I have seen are white; therefore, all swans are probably white.” - Statistical — Draws a conclusion based on statistics. For example, “95 percent of swans are white” (an arbitrary figure, of course); “therefore, a randomly selected swan will probably be white.” - Sample — Draws a conclusion about one group based on a different, sample group. For example, “There are ten swans in this pond and all are white; therefore, the swans in my neighbor’s pond are probably also white.” - Analogous — Draws a conclusion based on shared properties of two groups. For example, “All Aylesbury ducks are white. Swans are similar to Aylesbury ducks. Therefore, all swans are probably white.” - Predictive — Draws a conclusion based on a prediction made using a past sample. For example, “I visited this pond last year and all the swans were white. Therefore, when I visit again, all the swans will probably be white.” - Causal inference — Draws a conclusion based on a causal connection. For example, “All the swans in this pond are white. I just saw a white bird in the pond. The bird was probably a swan.” The entire legal system is designed to be based on sound reasoning, which in turn must be based on evidence. Lawyers often use inductive reasoning to draw a relationship between facts for which they have evidence and a conclusion. The initial facts are often based on generalizations and statistics, with the implication that a conclusion is most likely to be true, even if that is not certain. For that reason, evidence can rarely be considered certain. For example, a fingerprint taken from a crime scene would be said to be “consistent with a suspect’s prints” rather than being an exact match. Implicit in that statement is the assertion that it is statistically unlikely that the prints are not the suspect’s. Inductive reasoning also involves Bayesian updating. A conclusion can seem to be true at one point until further evidence emerges and a hypothesis must be adjusted. Bayesian updating is a technique used to modify the probability of a hypothesis’s being true as new evidence is supplied. When inductive reasoning is used in legal situations, Bayesian thinking is used to update the likelihood of a defendant’s being guilty beyond a reasonable doubt as evidence is collected. If we imagine a simplified, hypothetical criminal case, we can picture the utility of Bayesian inference combined with inductive reasoning. Let’s say someone is murdered in a house where five other adults were present at the time. One of them is the primary suspect, and there is no evidence of anyone else entering the house. The initial probability of the prime suspect’s having committed the murder is 20 percent. Other evidence will then adjust that probability. If the four other people testify that they saw the suspect committing the murder, the suspect’s prints are on the murder weapon, and traces of the victim’s blood were found on the suspect’s clothes, jurors may consider the probability of that person’s guilt to be close enough to 100 percent to convict. Reality is more complex than this, of course. The conclusion is never certain, only highly probable. One key distinction between deductive and inductive reasoning is that the latter accepts that a conclusion is uncertain and may change in the future. A conclusion is either strong or weak, not right or wrong. We tend to use this type of reasoning in everyday life, drawing conclusions from experiences and then updating our beliefs. [quote]A conclusion is either strong or weak, not right or wrong.[/quote] Everyday inductive reasoning is not always correct, but it is often useful. For example, superstitious beliefs often originate from inductive reasoning. If an athlete performed well on a day when they wore their socks inside out, they may conclude that the inside-out socks brought them luck. If future successes happen when they again wear their socks inside out, the belief may strengthen. Should that not be the case, they may update their belief and recognize that it is incorrect. Another example (let’s set aside the question of whether turkeys can reason): A farmer feeds a turkey every day, so the turkey assumes that the farmer cares for its wellbeing. Only when Thanksgiving rolls around does that assumption prove incorrect. The issue with overusing inductive reasoning is that cognitive shortcuts and biases can warp the conclusions we draw. Our world is not always as predictable as inductive reasoning suggests, and we may selectively draw upon past experiences to confirm a belief. Someone who reasons inductively that they have bad luck may recall only unlucky experiences to support that hypothesis and ignore instances of good luck. In The 12 Secrets of Persuasive Argument, the authors write: In inductive arguments, focus on the inference. When a conclusion relies upon an inference and contains new information not found in the premises, the reasoning is inductive. For example, if premises were established that the defendant slurred his words, stumbled as he walked, and smelled of alcohol, you might reasonably infer the conclusion that the defendant was drunk. This is inductive reasoning. In an inductive argument the conclusion is, at best, probable. The conclusion is not always true when the premises are true. The probability of the conclusion depends on the strength of the inference from the premises. Thus, when dealing with inductive reasoning, pay special attention to the inductive leap or inference, by which the conclusion follows the premises. … There are several popular misconceptions about inductive and deductive reasoning. When Sherlock Holmes made his remarkable “deductions” based on observations of various facts, he was usually engaging in inductive, not deductive, reasoning. In Inductive Reasoning, Aiden Feeney and Evan Heit write: …inductive reasoning … corresponds to everyday reasoning. On a daily basis we draw inferences such as how a person will probably act, what the weather will probably be like, and how a meal will probably taste, and these are typical inductive inferences. [I]t is a multifaceted cognitive activity. It can be studied by asking young children simple questions involving cartoon pictures, or it can be studied by giving adults a variety of complex verbal arguments and asking them to make probability judgments. [I]nduction is related to, and it could be argued is central to, a number of other cognitive activities, including categorization, similarity judgment, probability judgment, and decision making. For example, much of the study of induction has been concerned with category-based induction, such as inferring that your next door neighbor sleeps on the basis that your neighbor is a human animal, even if you have never seen your neighbor sleeping. “A very great deal more truth can become known than can be proven.”— Richard Feynman Deduction begins with a broad truth (the major premise), such as the statement that all men are mortal. This is followed by the minor premise, a more specific statement, such as that Socrates is a man. A conclusion follows: Socrates is mortal. If the major premise is true and the minor premise is true the conclusion cannot be false. Deductive reasoning is black and white; a conclusion is either true or false and cannot be partly true or partly false. We decide whether a deductive statement is true by assessing the strength of the link between the premises and the conclusion. If all men are mortal and Socrates is a man, there is no way he can not be mortal, for example. There are no situations in which the premise is not true, so the conclusion is true. In science, deduction is used to reach conclusions believed to be true. A hypothesis is formed; then evidence is collected to support it. If observations support its truth, the hypothesis is confirmed. Statements are structured in the form of “if A equals B, and C is A, then C is B.” If A does not equal B, then C will not equal B. Science also involves inductive reasoning when broad conclusions are drawn from specific observations; data leads to conclusions. If the data shows a tangible pattern, it will support a hypothesis. For example, having seen ten white swans, we could use inductive reasoning to conclude that all swans are white. This hypothesis is easier to disprove than to prove, and the premises are not necessarily true, but they are true given the existing evidence and given that researchers cannot find a situation in which it is not true. By combining both types of reasoning, science moves closer to the truth. In general, the more outlandish a claim is, the stronger the evidence supporting it must be. We should be wary of deductive reasoning that appears to make sense without pointing to a truth. Someone could say “A dog has four paws. My pet has four paws. Therefore, my pet is a dog.” The conclusion sounds logical but isn’t, because the initial premise is too specific. The discussion of reasoning and what constitutes truth dates back to Plato and Aristotle. Plato (429–347 BC) believed that all things are divided into the visible and the intelligible. Intelligible things can be known through deduction (with observation being of secondary importance to reasoning) and are true knowledge. Aristotle took an inductive approach, emphasizing the need for observations to support knowledge. He believed that we can reason only from discernable phenomena. From there, we use logic to infer causes. Debate about reasoning remained much the same until the time of Isaac Newton. Newton’s innovative work was based on observations, but also on concepts that could not be explained by a physical cause (such as gravity). In his Principia, Newton outlined four rules for reasoning in the scientific method: - “We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.” (We refer to this rule as Occam’s Razor.) - “Therefore, to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.” - “The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intensification nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever.” - “In experimental philosophy, we are to look upon propositions collected by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, ’till such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions.” In 1843, philosopher John Stuart Mill published A System of Logic, which further refined our understanding of reasoning. Mill believed that science should be based on a search for regularities among events. If a regularity is consistent, it can be considered a law. Mill described five methods for identifying causes by noting regularities. These methods are still used today: - Direct method of agreement — If two instances of a phenomenon have a single circumstance in common, the circumstance is the cause or effect. - Method of difference — If a phenomenon occurs in one experiment and does not occur in another, and the experiments are the same except for one factor, that is the cause, part of the cause, or the effect. - Joint method of agreement and difference — If two instances of a phenomenon have one circumstance in common, and two instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common except the absence of that circumstance, then that circumstance is the cause, part of the cause, or the effect. - Method of residue — When you subtract any part of a phenomenon known to be caused by a certain antecedent, the remaining residue of the phenomenon is the effect of the remaining antecedents. - Method of concomitant variations — If a phenomenon varies when another phenomenon varies in a particular way, the two are connected. Karl Popper was the next theorist to make a serious contribution to the study of reasoning. Popper is well known for his focus on disconfirming evidence and disproving hypotheses. Beginning with a hypothesis, we use deductive reasoning to make predictions. A hypothesis will be based on a theory — a set of independent and dependent statements. If the predictions are true, the theory is true, and vice versa. Popper’s theory of falsification (disproving something) is based on the idea that we cannot prove a hypothesis; we can only show that certain predictions are false. This process requires vigorous testing to identify any anomalies, and Popper does not accept theories that cannot be physically tested. Any phenomenon not present in tests cannot be the foundation of a theory, according to Popper. The phenomenon must also be consistent and reproducible. Popper’s theories acknowledge that theories that are accepted at one time are likely to later be disproved. Science is always changing as more hypotheses are modified or disproved and we inch closer to the truth. In How to Deliver a TED Talk, Jeremey Donovan writes: No discussion of logic is complete without a refresher course in the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. By its strictest definition, inductive reasoning proves a general principle—your idea worth spreading—by highlighting a group of specific events, trends, or observations. In contrast, deductive reasoning builds up to a specific principle—again, your idea worth spreading—through a chain of increasingly narrow statements. Logic is an incredibly important skill, and because we use it so often in everyday life, we benefit by clarifying the methods we use to draw conclusions. Knowing what makes an argument sound is valuable for making decisions and understanding how the world works. It helps us to spot people who are deliberately misleading us through unsound arguments. Understanding reasoning is also helpful for avoiding fallacies and for negotiating.

https://fs.blog/2018/05/deductive-inductive-

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