| # Summary | |
| Gold standard Universal Dependencies corpus for Ukrainian, developed for UD originally, by [Institute for Ukrainian](https://mova.institute), NGO. | |
| [[українською](https://mova.institute/золотий_стандарт)] | |
| # Introduction | |
| UD Ukrainian comprises 122K tokens in 7000 sentences of fiction, news, opinion articles, Wikipedia, legal documents, letters, posts, and comments — from the last 15 years, as well as from the first half of the 20th century. | |
| Consider using [the latest version](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_Ukrainian-IU/tree/dev) at ‘dev’ branch on GitHub. It contains the latest stable improvements while the official releases are up to 6 month old [[discussion](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/520)]. | |
| # Acknowledgments | |
| Major contributors: Natalia Kotsyba, Bohdan Moskalevskyi, Mykhailo Romanenko. | |
| Large portion of annotation was made by Halyna Samoridna, Ivanka Kosovska, Olha Lytvyn, Oksana Orlenko and by students of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy department of Ukrainian language (headed by Liudmyla Dyka): Hanna Brovko, Bohdana Matushko, Natalia Onyshchuk, Valeriia Pareviazko, Yaroslava Rychyk, Anastasiia Stetsenko, Snizhana Umanets. | |
| We thank Prof. Larysa Masenko for guidance. | |
| # Documentation | |
| **[Project homepage](https://mova.institute/золотий_стандарт)** (in Ukrainian) | |
| ### Search | |
| * [Bonito](https://mova.institute/bonito/run.cgi/first_form?corpname=zoloto) | |
| * [Kontext](https://mova.institute/kontext/first_form) | |
| * [Turku depsearch](https://lab.mova.institute/dep_search/) | |
| You can also browse the entire treebank in [Brat](https://lab.mova.institute/brat/#/ud/). | |
| ### Stats | |
| | set | sentences | ~tokens | | |
| | ----- |----------:| -------:| | |
| | train | 5496 | 92K | | |
| | dev | 672 | 13K | | |
| | test | 892 | 17K | | |
| | TOTAL | 7060 | 122K | | |
| See [stats.xml](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/UD_Ukrainian-IU/blob/dev/stats.xml) for detail. | |
| ### Annotation procedure | |
| Morphology is annotated using 2+1 schema. The syntax is single-pass plus supervisor’s check. | |
| Consistency is further enforced by ~300 validation and autofix [rules](https://github.com/mova-institute/lib/blob/master/src/nlp/ud/validation.ts) (see [warnings page](https://lab.mova.institute/files/pomylky_robochoho_tb.html)) and by investigating errors made by a trained parser. | |
| ### Data split | |
| Data is split between train/dev/test linearly by hand at 75%/10%/15% to balance in genre and complexity. Some large documents are divided across datasets. | |
| ### Format | |
| UD Ukrainian data conforms to [CoNLL-U](http://universaldependencies.org/format.html) format with the following specifics: | |
| * Sentence-level comments: | |
| * Document boundaries are present as `# newdoc id = xxxx`. | |
| * Sentence-level paragraph boundaries are present as `# newpar id = xxxx`. | |
| * Document titles are present as `# doc_title = Назва`. | |
| * Czech-like translit is present as `# translit = …`. | |
| * Gaps in the text are marked on the sentences following the gap as: | |
| * `# annotation_gap` for sentences not exported to CoNLL-U because annotator was unable to parse it with confidence (e.g. new guidelines need to be created); | |
| * `# gap` for intentional gaps in texts (selected fragments). | |
| * XPOSTAG column contains [MTE](http://nl.ijs.si/ME/V4/msd/html/msd-uk.html) tag with `U` for punctuation. UPOS+FEATS contain all the information in XPOSTAG and more. XPOSTAG is intended for legacy applications. | |
| * DEPS column contains [Enhanced Dependencies](#enhanced-dependencies). | |
| * MISC column: | |
| * Token-level paragraph boundaries are present as `NewPar=Yes`. | |
| * Token ids are present as `Id=xxxx`. | |
| * `SpaceAfter=No` markers are present. | |
| * Form (`Translit`) and lemma (`LTranslit`) transliterations are present | |
| * The pipe (`|`) character is escaped with `\p`. Backslash is `\\`. See [issue #569](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/569). | |
| * Document, paragraph, sentence, and token ids are 4-character base-32 numbers. They survive treebank updates. | |
| ### [Enhanced Dependencies](http://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/enhanced-syntax.html) | |
| 1. **Ellipsis.** Elided predicates are manually reconstructed with word forms and full morphological info. The TB currently contains ~200 of them. | |
| 1. **Propagation of conjuncts.** Conjoined modifiers are propagated automatically. For heterogeneous conjuncts, a relation guesser is employed. Dependents of first conjuncts are propagated only if they are manually marked as shared (40% of such annotation is done). | |
| 1. **Controlled/raised subjects.** All `xcomp` subjects are annotated manually as [`nsubj:x`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/nsubj-x.html)/[`csubj:x`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/csubj-x.html). Subjects of [`xcomp:sp`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/xcomp-sp.html) (secondary predication) are [`nsubj:sp`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/nsubj-sp.html)/[`csubj:sp`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/csubj-sp.html). The latter are also used for the subjects of [`advcl:sp`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/advcl-sp.html) (see [#476](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/476)). | |
| 1. **Relative clauses.** All relative clauses are manually annotated with enhanced dependencies. This includes all types mentioned in the [universal docs](http://universaldependencies.org/u/overview/enhanced-syntax.html#relative-clauses) plus Ukrainian clauses that use personal pronouns as relativizers: _вузол, що його не переріжеш_ “the-knot, that it.Acc not you-can-cut”. | |
| 1. **Case information.** We don’t case-mark relation names because this doesn’t bring any new information [[discussion](https://github.com/UniversalDependencies/docs/issues/566)]. | |
| ### Development | |
| Data files are built from sources at [mova-institute/zoloto](https://github.com/mova-institute/zoloto), where the actual development happens. | |
| ### Licensing | |
| The data is licensed under [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) and is free for non-commercial use. For a commercial license, please contact us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]). | |
| ### Contact | |
| [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) | |
| ### Changelog | |
| * 2020-01-10 **IWPT Shared Task Data** | |
| * Enhanced graph: Added case information to oblique relations. | |
| * 2019-05-15 **v2.4** | |
| * Closed many annotaion gaps: 116K→122K. | |
| * Fixed annotation errors. | |
| * Shared more dependents of a first conjunct. | |
| * Improved consistency by extending annotation guidelines to rarer phenomena. | |
| * Switched from `ccomp` to `xcomp` where `nsubj:x` is a phantom object. | |
| * Made clauses with `ADV` relativizers `:relcl`. | |
| * Added `Polarity=Neg` for conjunctions. | |
| * Escaped the pipe (`|`) character in `MISC` as `\p`. `\\` is now a backslash. | |
| * 2018-11-15 **v2.3** | |
| * Added all types of enhanced dependencies except for case-marking, see [Enhanced Dependencies](#enhanced-dependencies) section. | |
| * Closed many annotation gaps and added new texts: 100→115K. | |
| * Fixed ~450 annotation errors including _його/її/їх_ `PRON` vs `DET` ambiguity. | |
| * Improved consistency by extending annotation guidelines to many rarer phenomena. | |
| * Introduced multitokens for _ні́кого_, _ні́де_ etc. | |
| * Split words with fused _пів-_ numerals (e.g. _півкласу_) to multitokens. | |
| * Introduced [`flat:abs`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/flat-abs.html), [`flat:sibl`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/flat-sibl.html), [`flat:range`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/flat-range.html), [`advmod:det`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/advmod-det.html), [`acl:adv`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/acl-adv.html), [`parataxis:rel`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/parataxis-rel.html), [`vocative:cl`](http://universaldependencies.org/uk/dep/vocative-cl.html). | |
| * Specified `acl:relcl`. | |
| * Removed `:pass` subtype from relations as it currently can be inferred from the morphology. | |
| * Added transliteration. | |
| * Fixed missing `# annotation_gap`s. | |
| * Updated readme with more description, links. | |
| * 2018-04-15 **v2.2** | |
| * Renamed the repository from UD_Ukrainian to UD_Ukrainian-IU to match the new UD naming convention. | |
| * Fixed some validation errors. | |
| * Added a couple of new sentences. | |
| * `Orth=Khark` feature renamed to `Orth=Alt`. | |
| * 2017-11-15 **v2.1** | |
| * Quadrupled the amount of data up to 100K, mostly with nonfiction; improved consistency. | |
| * Resplitted train/dev/test. | |
| * 2017-02-15 **v2.0** | |
| * Replaced v1.4 data with 25K tokens of misc genres, mostly fiction. | |
| * 2016-11-01 **v1.4** | |
| * An initial experimental release containing 1.6K tokens of grammar examples and fiction. | |
| ------ | |
| ``` | |
| === Machine-readable metadata ================================================= | |
| Data available since: UD v1.4 | |
| License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | |
| Includes text: yes | |
| Genre: blog email fiction grammar-examples legal news reviews social web wiki | |
| Lemmas: manual native | |
| UPOS: manual native | |
| XPOS: manual native | |
| Features: manual native | |
| Relations: manual native | |
| Contributors: Kotsyba, Natalia; Moskalevskyi, Bohdan; Romanenko, Mykhailo | |
| Contributing: elsewhere | |
| Contact: [email protected] | |
| =============================================================================== | |
| ``` | |