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Exenatide Exenatide, sold under the brand name Byetta and Bydureon among others, is a medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. It is used together with diet, exercise, and potentially other antidiabetic medication. It is a less preferred treatment option after metformin and sulfonylureas. It is given by injection under the skin within an hour before the first and last meal of the day. A once-weekly injection version is also available. Common side effects include low blood sugar, nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, and pain at the site of injection. Other serious side effects may include medullary thyroid cancer, angioedema, pancreatitis, and kidney injury. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) also known as incretin mimetics. It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and decreases excessive glucagon release. Exenatide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2005. A month supply in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about £82 for the daily injectable and £73 for the weekly injectable version as of 2019. In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about 700 and 789 respectively. In 2016 it was the 293rd most prescribed medication in the United States with more than a million prescriptions. Medical use Exenatide is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus as an add-on to metformin, a biguanide, or a combination of metformin and a sulfonylurea, or thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone. It is also being evaluated for use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The medication is injected subcutaneously twice per day using a filled pen-like device (Byetta), or on a weekly basis with either a pen-like device or conventional syringe (Bydureon). The abdomen is a common injection site. Side effects The main side effects of exenatide use are gastrointestinal in nature, including acid or sour stomach, belching, diarrhea, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting; exenatide is therefore not meant for people with severe gastrointestinal disease. Other side effects include dizziness, headache, and feeling jittery. Drug interactions listed on the package insert include delayed or reduced concentrations of lovastatin, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and digoxin, although this has not been proven to alter the effectiveness of these other medications. In response to postmarketing reports of acute pancreatitis in patients using exenatide, the FDA added a warning to the labeling of Byetta in 2007. In August 2008, four additional deaths from pancreatitis in users of exenatide were reported to the FDA; while no definite relationship had been established, the FDA was reportedly considering additional changes to the drug's labeling. Examination of the medical records of the millions of patients part of the United Healthcare Insurance plans did not show any greater rate of pancreatitis among Byetta users than among diabetic patients on other medications. However, diabetics do have a slightly greater incidence of pancreatitis than do non-diabetics. It also may increase risk of mild sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia. Additionally, the FDA has raised concerns over the lack of data to determine if the long-acting once-weekly version of exenatide (but not the twice-daily form of exenatide) may increase thyroid cancer risk. This concern comes out of observing a very small but nevertheless increased risk of thyroid cancer in rodents that was observed for another drug (liraglutide) that is in the same class as exenatide. The data available for exenatide showed less of a risk towards thyroid cancer than liraglutide, but to better quantify the risk the FDA has required Amylin to conduct additional rodent studies to better identify the thyroid issue. The approved form of the once weekly exenatide [Bydureon] has a

black box warning discussing the thyroid issue. Eli Lilly has reported they have not seen a link in humans, but that it cannot be ruled out. Eli Lilly has stated the drug causes an increase in thyroid problems in rats given high doses. In March 2013, the FDA issued a Drug Safety Communication announcing investigations into incretin mimetics due to findings by academic researchers. A few weeks later, the European Medicines Agency launched a similar investigation into GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. Mechanism of action Exenatide binds to the intact human Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in a similar way to the human peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); exenatide bears a 50% amino acid homology to GLP-1 and it has a longer half-life in vivo. Exenatide is believed to facilitate glucose control in at least five ways: Exenatide augments pancreas response (i.e. increases insulin secretion) in response to eating meals; the result is the release of a higher, more appropriate amount of insulin that helps lower the rise in blood sugar from eating. Once blood sugar levels decrease closer to normal values, the pancreas response to produce insulin is reduced; other drugs (like injectable insulin) are effective at lowering blood sugar, but can "overshoot" their target and cause blood sugar to become too low, resulting in the dangerous condition of hypoglycemia. Exenatide also suppresses pancreatic release of glucagon in response to eating, which helps stop the liver from overproducing sugar when it is unneeded, which prevents hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). Exenatide helps slow down gastric emptying and thus decreases the rate at which meal-derived glucose appears in the bloodstream. Exenatide has a subtle yet prolonged effect to reduce appetite, promote satiety via hypothalamic receptors (different receptors than for amylin). Most people using exenatide slowly lose weight, and generally the greatest weight loss is achieved by people who are the most overweight at the beginning of exenatide therapy. Clinical trials have demonstrated the weight reducing effect continues at the same rate through 2.25 years of continued use. When separated into weight loss quartiles, the highest 25% experience substantial weight loss, and the lowest 25% experience no loss or small weight gain. Exenatide reduces liver fat content. Fat accumulation in the liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly related with several metabolic disorders, in particular low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides, present in patients with type 2 diabetes. It became apparent that exenatide reduced liver fat in mice, rat and more recently in man. In 2016 work published showing that it can reverse impaired calcium signalling in steatotic liver cells, which, in turn, might be associated with proper glucose control. Chemistry Exenatide is a 39-amino-acid peptide; it is a synthetic version of Exendin-4, a hormone found in the saliva of the Gila monster. History Exenatide was first isolated by John Eng in 1992 while working at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in the Bronx, New York. It is made by Amylin Pharmaceuticals and commercialized by AstraZeneca. Exenatide was approved by the FDA on April 28, 2005 for people whose diabetes was not well-controlled on other oral medication. Society and culture 53 consolidated lawsuits against manufacturers of "GLP-1/DPP-4 products" were dismissed in 2015. References External links Drug information from the NIH Category:Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Category:Anorectics Category:Eli Lilly and Company brands Category:AstraZeneca brands Category:RTT

2008 Malaysian state elections State assembly elections were held in Malaysia on 8 March 2008 in all states except Sarawak. The elections took place alongside general elections. Results Perlis Kedah Kelantan Terengganu Penang Perak Pahang Selangor Negeri Sembilan Malacca Johor Sabah References 2008 Category:2008 elections in Malaysia

Dingpu metro station Dingpu station is a subway station of Taipei Metro. This station is a 2 km extension and western terminus of the Tucheng Line, which itself is an extension of Bannan Line. Dingpu station is located in Tucheng District, New Taipei City. Construction began in January 2010 and commercial service was scheduled to begin in 2013. Commercial service was scheduled to begin in 2014, but was pushed back to 6 July 2015. It is a planned terminus for the Sanying Line (zh:台北捷運三鶯線). Station layout The four-level, underground station with island platforms. It is 292 meters in length and 21 meters in width, and it has adopted the cut-and-cover method for construction. Four exits are built. It is located beneath Lane 118 and 52 on Zhongyang Rd. It is currently the southernmost station in the Taipei Metro. It is a planned transfer station with the Sanying Line (as an elevated station). Design Station design takes into account Tucheng's early coal industry (Haishan Coal Mine area), Army Logistics School, high-tech carbon nanotubes, and ceramics made in Yingge. History The station was expected to be completed in December 2014 but instead was completed in May 2014. It was also expected to open for revenue service in June 2015, but has been pushed back to July 2015. It takes 30 minutes to travel from Dingpu station to Taipei Main Station. References External links Dingpu Station Category:Bannan line stations

Aries (rocket) Aries is an American sounding rocket and target rocket, developed by Space Vector Corporation from retired LGM-30 Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) stages for use by the United States Air Force and NASA. Taken over by Orbital Sciences Corporation, Aries, as the Target Test Vehicle, remains in use. Design and development In the late 1960s, the retirement of the LGM-30 Minuteman I ICBM resulted in the opportunity to produce a high-performance sounding rocket from the surplus solid-propellant rockets that became available; the Naval Research Laboratory awarded a contract to Space Vector Corporation in 1971 to develop the "Fat Albert" rocket using the surplus Minuteman I first stages; before the first launch, the name of the rocket was changed to the "more dignified" Aries. Aries consisted of an Aerojet M56 solid-fuel rocket, the second stage of the Minuteman I, fitted with an aerodynamic nose cone and four tail fins, taken from the RIM-8 Talos surface-to-air missile, for stabilization. Steering was by gimbaled thrust; Aries retained its guidance system, redesigned for use as a sounding rocket, allowing for more precise flight paths and use of smaller rocket ranges than other sounding rockets required; however, its size meant it required a more substantial launch platform than conventional sounding rockets. Payloads of could be lifted to apogees of over by Aries; the maximum payload capable of being carried was , and an apogee of was achieved on one flight. Operational history The first launch of Aries, carrying a dummy payload, took place on 17 October 1973; following the first two test launches, the Talos stabilizing fins were replaced by a fins of a new design, and the skirt surrounding the rocket engine nozzles was modified. Aries entered operational service, being used on over 20 flights to launch payloads such as X-ray telescopes and ultraviolet telescopes that were too heavy to be lifted by conventional sounding rockets. Payloads could be recovered using a two-stage parachute system. In addition to its use as a sounding rocket, Aries was adapted for use as a target rocket to be used in the testing of anti-ballistic missiles. Contracted with Orbital Sciences Corporation for production in this role and designated the Target Test Vehicle (TTV), , over 50 target launches had taken place, primarily testing the United States Navy's RIM-156 SM-2 Extended Range and RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 missiles; the missile remains in service. References Citations Bibliography External links Aries at Encyclopedia Astronautica Category:Sounding rockets of the United States Category:Target missiles Category:Equipment of the United States Air Force

Estonian grammar Estonian grammar is the grammar of the Estonian language. Grammatical processes Consonant gradation Estonian consonant gradation is a grammatical process that affects obstruent consonants at the end of the stressed syllable of a word. Gradation causes consonants in a word to alternate between two grades, termed "strong" and "weak", depending on the grammar. Some grammatical forms trigger the weak grade, while others retain the strong grade. It is not predictable which form will have which grade; this must simply be memorised. Not all words show gradation. In particular, words with stems of three or more syllables generally do not gradate, nor do words with stems of one syllable. Gradation correlates with the appearance of extra length on a syllable. When a syllable is long, the strong grade will always be accompanied by extra length. The weak grade may or may not have extra length, depending on other factors. These are mentioned at Estonian phonology - Suprasegmental length. Some words show gradation only through the presence of absence or extra length, and the consonants themselves do not change. In this article, extra length is shown with a backtick ` before the vowel of the syllable. The gradation patterns of geminate (long) consonants are relatively simple: Standing alone after a short vowel, the strong grade appears as a double voiceless consonant, while a single voiceless consonant appears in the weak grade. After a long vowel, or in a consonant cluster, the strong grade appears with a single voiceless consonant, while a voiced consonant appears in the weak grade. Long ss only gradates when it appears at the end of a cluster, with s appearing in the weak grade. Patterns for single plosives are more varied and unpredictable. The weak grade may involve disappearance of the consonant altogether, with further consequences for vowels and extra length. There are also four special assimilative patterns: When a consonant is reduced to zero in the weak grade, this may cause the vowels of the two adjacent syllables to come together. These vowels undergo several changes: If the first vowel is long, it is shortened. Examples: r`oog : r`oa, n`eedma : n`ean. If either vowel is i, u or ü, it is lowered to e, o or ö respectively. Examples: nuga : n`oa, s`aagima : s`aen, süsi : s`öe. If the first vowel is a diphthong ending in e, the e becomes j. Examples: p`oeg : poja, `aeglema : ajelda. If the first vowel is a diphthong ending in u, the u becomes v. Examples: h`aug : havi. If the first vowel is a diphthong ending in any other sound, the second vowel is removed if it is identical. Examples: t`eadma : t`ean, l`iug : l`iu. Assibilation Assibilation is a change that happened in Proto-Finnic: the sequence ti became si. This change is no longer productive or predictable, but a fair number of nouns still display the effects in certain forms. The effect is visible in that sometimes s appears where there would otherwise be a t or d. This also creates new variants of the gradation patterns mentioned above, with s appearing in some of the forms in both the strong and weak grade. For example: käsi, genitive singular käe, illative singular kätte, partitive plural käsi. uus, genitive singular uue, illative singular uude, partitive plural uusi. vars, genitive singular varre, illative singular varde, partitive plural varsi. kaas, genitive singular kaane, illative singular kaande, partitive plural kaasi. Also an example of another change that happened in some words, in which n disappeared before s. Consequently, there is no n in the forms that have assibilation.

kolmas, genitive singular kolmanda. Here, too, n disappeared before s. kaks, genitive singular kahe, illative singular kahte. In this particular case, ht becomes ks where assibilation occurred. minema, first-person singular present lähen, first-person singular past läksin. Same as above. Nouns Inflectional endings as listed below are added to the stem of a noun, which is formed from: singular genitive: singular cases except nominative and partitive, plural nominative, singular partitive: plural genitive, plural genitive: plural cases except nominative and partitive. Singular nominative, singular genitive and singular partitive are not predictable and have to be taken from the vocabulary (gradation may also apply). Singular genitive always ends in vowel. When formed from a stem that ends in consonant, it can take the following endings: -a, -e, -i, -o, -u. Singular partitive can take the following endings: -d, -t, -a, -e, -i, -u. Plural partitive is formed from either singular genitive or singular partitive and can take the following endings (some words have two forms): -id: one-syllable words with long vowels aa, ee, õõ, uu, öö, ää, two-syllable words with long vowels or endings -em, -en, -el, -er, -ar, -ur, -e, -ne, -s or singular genitive with one or three syllables, three-syllable words with endings -ne, -s, -sid: one-syllable words with long vowels ii, üü or a diphthong, two-syllable words with short vowels, three-syllable words with endings -um, -on, -er, -ar, -är, -ov, -nna, -e: words with singular partitive endings -i, -u, -j, or singular partitive ending -a with the preceding syllable containing u, -i: words with singular partitive ending -e, or singular partitive ending on consonant with singular genitive ending -e, or singular partitive ending -a with the preceding syllable containing vowels e, o, ä, ö, ü or a diphthong with one of these vowels as the first sound with the exception of ei, äi, -u: words with singular partitive ending -a with the preceding syllable containing vowels a, i, õ or diphthongs ei, äi. Singular illative has a short form in some words. It can take the following endings: -de, -he, -hu, -a, -e, -i, -u. In case it takes the vowel ending, this vowel is the same as the ending vowel of the singular genitive form of the given word, but the vowel (if it is already long or a diphthong) or its preceding consonant (if the vowel is short and the consonant either short or long) is lengthened to the third degree and thus becomes overlong. If illative ends with -sesse, then the short form is -sse. Plural illative, inessive, elative, allative, adessive, ablative, translative have a short form in some words. If the plural partitive ends with -id, then the short plural stem is this form without -d (instead of plural genitive with -de-); if it ends with a vowel, then the short plural stem is this form; if it ends with -sid, then the short plural cannot be formed. Emphasis: noun + -gi (after a final voiced consonant or vowel) / -ki (after a final voiceless consonant). New nouns can be derived from existing nouns, adjectives and verbs using suffixes like -ja (agent, from -ma infinitive), -mine (gerund, from -ma infinitive), -la, -nna, -tar, -ur, -stik, -ndik, -nik, -ik, -k, -ng, -lane, -line, -kene, -ke, -e, -ndus, -dus, -us, -is, -kond, -nd, -istu, -u. Pronouns reflexive (nominative - genitive - partitive, singular / plural): ise - enese/enda - ennast/end / ise - eneste/endi - endid (-self) demonstrative (nominative - genitive - partitive, singular / plural): see - selle - seda / need - nende - neid (this/that), too - tolle - toda / nood - nonde -

noid (yonder) interrogative (nominative - genitive - partitive): kes - kelle - keda (who), mis - mille - mida (what), milline - millise - millist (which out of many), kumb - kumma - kumba (which out of two) existential (nominative - genitive - partitive): keegi - kellegi - kedagi (someone), miski - millegi - midagi (something), mõni - mõne - mõnda (some), ükski - ühegi - ühtegi (one) free choice (nominative - genitive - partitive): mingi - mingi - mingit (anyone/anything/any), kumbki - kummagi - kumbagi (either) universal (nominative - genitive - partitive): kõik - kõige - kõike (everyone/everything/each), mõlemad - mõlema - mõlemat (both) Cases There are traditionally considered to be 14 noun cases in Estonian: Locative cases make up six or eight of these fourteen (depending on interpretation). There are also some additional cases such as the prolative (jalgsi, "by foot"; käsitsi, "by hand"), or the similarly formed instructive (meritsi, "by the way of the sea"), which are not traditionally counted among the 14 grammatical cases. Adjectives Inflectional endings as listed below are added to the stem of an adjective, which is formed like the one for nouns. The stem for the comparative and superlative forms is the singular genitive of an adjective; if a word has two syllables in the genitive or a vowel following -ke(se), then -ke(se) is left out and the last vowel in the stem changes to -e. The genitive and the partitive of the comparative itself are formed with -a and -at. New adjectives can be derived from existing words by means of suffixes like: -v (active present participle, from -ma infinitive), -nud (active perfect participle, from -da infinitive), -tav (passive present participle, from -tud participle), -tud (passive perfect participle), and -lik, -line, -lane, -ne, -ke, -kas, -jas, -tu. Antonym can be formed by prepending eba or mitte to an adjective. Eba- is considered to be the only derivational prefix in Estonian; as mitte can also occur as a separate word, mitte + adjective can be regarded as a compound rather than derivative. Alternatively, for an adjective formed from a noun or a verb, an antonym can often be constructed using the suffix -tu or -matu. Pro-adjectives numeral (nominative - genitive - partitive, with noun in singular nominative for 1 and in singular partitive for others): null - nulli - nulli (0), üks - ühe - üht (1), kaks - kahe - kaht (2), kolm - kolme - kolme (3), neli - nelja - nelja (4), viis - viie - viit (5), kuus - kuue - kuut (6), seitse - seitsme - seitset (7), kaheksa - kaheksa - kaheksat (8), üheksa - üheksa - uheksat (9), kümme - kümne - kümmet (10), -teist(kümmend) - -teist(kümne) - -teist(kümmet) (11-19), -kümmend - -kümne - -kümmet (20-90), sada - saja - sadat (100), -sada - -saja - -sadat (200-900), - tuhat - - tuhande - - tuhandet (1.000-999.000), - miljon - - miljoni - - miljonit (1.000.000-999.000.000), - miljard - - miljardi - - miljardit (1.000.000.000); ordinal: esimene - esimese - esimest (1.), teine - teise - teist (2.), kolmas - kolmanda - kolmandat (3.), cardinal_genitive-s - cardinal_genitive-nda - cardinal_genitive-ndat (others) demonstrative (nominative - genitive - partitive, singular / plural): niisugune - niisuguse - niisugust (this kind), see - selle - seda / need - nende - neid (this/that), too - tolle - toda / nood - nonde - noid (yonder) interrogative (nominative - genitive - partitive): missugune - missuguse - missugust (what kind), milline - millise - millist (which) existential (nominative - genitive - partitive): mingisugune - mingisuguse - mingisugust (some kind), mõni - mõne

- mõnda (some) free choice (nominative - genitive - partitive): mingisugune - mingisuguse - mingisugust (any kind), ükskõik milline - ükskõik millise - ükskõik millist (any) universal (nominative - genitive - partitive): kõik - kõige - kõike (every kind), iga - iga - iga (every) Adpositions The following lists are not exhaustive. Postpositions with the genitive case and declinable (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): alla - all - alt (under), ette - ees - eest (in front of), juurde - juures - juurest (at), järele - järel - järelt (after), keskele - keskel - keskelt (in the middle), kohale - kohal - kohalt (above), kõrvale - kõrval - kõrvalt (beside), kätte - käes - käest (in the hand of), lähedale - lähedal - lähedalt (near), peale - peal - pealt (on), sisse - sees - seest (in), taha - taga - tagant (behind), vahele - vahel - vahelt (between), äärde - ääres - äärest (by) with the genitive case and non-declinable: eest / jaoks (for), järgi (according to), kaudu (via), kohta (about), pärast (on account of), vastas (vis-à-vis), vastu (against), üle (over), ümber (around) with the partitive case: mööda (along) with the elative case: alla (down), läbi (through), peale / saadik (since) Prepositions with the genitive case: läbi (through), peale (besides), üle (over), ümber (around) with the partitive case: alla (down), enne (before), kesk / keset (amid), mööda (along), piki (alongside), pärast (after), vastu (against) with the terminative case: kuni (until) with the abessive case: ilma (without) with the comitative case: koos / ühes (with) Verbs The inflectional endings as listed below are added to the stem of a verb, which is formed from: indicative mood active voice singular first person of positive present tense (by dropping -n): indicative mood active voice of present tense, conditional mood active voice of present tense, imperative mood active voice singular second person of present tense, -ma infinitive (by dropping -ma; if the stem ends with a consonant, an additional -i- is added in the singular third person of the imperfect or an additional -e- is added in the singular nominative of the participle, the consonant is doubled if it was short and preceding a short vowel; if the stem ends with -e while being two-syllable or if it ends with a long vowel, then the -s- is left out in all numbers and persons, ei is changed to i, a long vowel becomes short and o, ö are changed to õ): indicative mood active voice of positive imperfect, quotative mode active voice of present tense, -da infinitive (by dropping -da / -ta / -a; long final l, r become short, in spoken language -nud is shortened to -nd): indicative mood active voice of negative imperfect, indicative mood active voice of pluperfect, imperative mood active voice of present tense except singular second person, active voice of perfect, participle of passive voice perfect (by dropping -tud): passive voice. Present tense form and -tud participle are derived from the infinitives on the basis of gradation. -ma infinitive indicates action that has either happened, is happening or will happen. It can be declined: -ma (illative), -mas (inessive), -mast (elative), -maks (translative), -mata (abessive). -da infinitive indicates hypothetical action, i.e. the action in general. It is used, for example, following ei, et (in order to), and oskama/võima (can). It can be declined: -des (inessive). Verb derivation: -ta- (transitive/passive), -u- / -i- (reflexive), -el- / -le- (reciprocal), -ne- (translative), -ata- (momentane), -el- / -skle- (frequentative), -tse- (continuous). Emphasis: verb + -gi (after a final voiced consonant or vowel) / -ki (after a final voiceless consonant), verb + küll (positive),

verb + mitte (negative). Adverbs Inflectional endings as listed below are added to the stem of an adverb, which is formed from: singular genitive of an adjective (-sti, -ti, -ldi, -li, -kesi): genetival type, singular ablative of an adjective (-lt; some are declinable in allative, adessive, ablative): ablatival type. Some adverbs are special words - original or vestigial forms of an ancient instructive case. Pro-adverbs demonstrative (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): siia - siin - siit (here), sinna - seal - sealt (there), nüüd (now), siis (then), seega (thus), seepärast (therefore) interrogative (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): kuhu - kus - kust (where), millal (when), kuidas (how), miks (why) existential (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): kuhugi - kuskil - kuskilt (somewhere), kunagi (sometime), kuidagi (somehow) free choice (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): ükskõik kuhu - ükskõik kus - ükskõik kust (anywhere), ükskõik millal (anytime), igatahes (anyhow) universal (illative/allative - inessive/adessive - elative/ablative): igale poole - igal pool - igalt poolt (everywhere), alati (always) Syntax The neutral word order in Estonian is subject–verb–object (SVO). Conjunctions: aga (but), et (that), ja (and), kas (whether), kui (if), nagu (as), sest (because), või (or). Questions begin with an interrogative word (interrogative pro-forms or kas (yes/no-question), eks (yes-question), ega (no-question)), followed by the SVO word order (in spoken language, interrogative words are sometimes left out, but instead there is either a change in intonation or VSO word order); answers: jah/jaa (yes), ei (no). An adjective precedes the noun it modifies. An adverb of time precedes an adverb of place. However, as one would expect from an agglutinative language, the word order is quite free and non-neutral word order can be used to stress some parts of the sentence or in poetic text, as in Finnish grammar. For example, consider the sentence mees tappis karu which means (a/the) man killed (a/the) bear and uses the neutral SVO word order. The sentence can be rephrased using OVS word order as karu tappis mees — a normal Estonian sentence that could be more precisely translated as it was (a/the) man who killed the bear, i. e. the sayer emphasizes that the killer was a man, probably assuming the listener knows that a bear was killed. The other four word orders (tappis mees karu, tappis karu mees, mees karu tappis, karu mees tappis) are also possible in certain contexts, especially if more words are added to the three-word sentences. Sometimes the form of the verb, nouns and adjectives in the sentence are not enough to determine the subject and object, e. g. mehed tapsid karud (the men killed the bears) or isa tappis karu (father killed the bear) — in the first sentence because in plural, the nominative case is used in Estonian both for subject and telic object, and in the second sentence because in singular, the nominative, genitive and partitive forms of the word isa are the same, as well as those of the word karu (unlike the word mees which has different forms: sg. nom. mees, sg. gen. mehe, sg. part. meest). In such sentences, word order is the only thing that distinguishes the subject and the object: listener presumes that the former noun (mehed, isa) is the subject and the latter (karud, karu) is the object. In such situations, the sayer cannot interchange the subject and the object for emphasis (at least unless it is obvious from the context which noun is the subject). References Moseley, C. (1994). Colloquial Estonian: A Complete Language Course. London: Routledge. Tuldava, J. (1994). Estonian Textbook: Grammar, Exercises, Conversation. Bloomington: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University. Category:Estonian language

Category:Languages of Estonia Category:Finnic languages Category:Grammars of specific languages

Victor Gauntlett Malcolm Victor Gauntlett (20 May 1942 – 31 March 2003) was an English petrochemical entrepreneur and car enthusiast, best known for forming the largest independent petrol retail business in the United Kingdom, and for reviving Aston Martin. Biography Malcolm Victor Gauntlett was born in Surrey. After attending St Marylebone Grammar School and a short period in the Territorial Army, he took a short service commission as an officer in the RAF, where he trained as a pilot. After leaving he was commissioned into the Kent and County of London Yeomanry. Among those who worked for him, Gauntlett was known as "MVG". An ebullient and well-dressed character who always wore a gold chained pocket watch, he was regarded as an inspirational leader, who worked extremely hard yet also had a great capacity for enjoying life. A Freeman of the City of London, in 2002 he was appointed master of the Worshipful Company of Coachmakers and Coach Harness Makers. As a result of his death half way through his year as Master of the Worshipful Company, they agreed to set up an annual scholarship in his name. Petroleum After leaving the air force, Gauntlett joined British Petroleum in 1963, moving in 1967 to Compagnie Francaise des Petroles, the parent company of Total S.A., in France and then London. In 1972, he founded independent oil company Hays Petroleum Services, which traded as Pace Petroleum. While the product came from the major producers, shrewd buying and efficient distribution made a healthy business. By 1980 Gauntlett had created one of Britain's biggest independent petrol suppliers, delivering to more than 450 garages. In 1983 he sold a share in Hays/Pace to the Kuwait Investment Authority, which bought the whole company from Gauntlett in 1986. After selling a 75% stake in Aston Martin to Ford in 1987 (but remaining as shareholder and chairman until 1992), Gauntlett founded Proteus Petroleum, which in 1995 was voted UK Oil Company of the Year. In 1998 he sold the business to Texaco, but remained chairman until 2000. Automotive interests Gauntlett loved classic cars, especially Bentleys and Aston Martins. He enjoyed racing Bentleys in club events, and owned a 4.5-litre "blower" Bentley which before World War II Tim Birkin had lapped Brooklands at 104 mph (167 km/h). Through Pace Petroleum, Gauntlett sponsored motor racing events, initially local to Farnham but expanding to a Great Britain scale – including Formula Ford 2000, RAC Hill Climb and Rally Championships. In 1980 Morgan racer Norman Stechman introduced Gauntlett to Peter Morgan, resulting in "Pace Petroleum Team Morgan" featuring Stechman in Prodsports and Rob Wells in Modsports for the 1981 season. Pace was Nigel Mansell’s personal sponsor in his first two years of Formula One. After selling Aston Martin, Gauntlett returned to the classic scene and became a trustee of the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu. Through this association he saved the Napier Railton for the country, topping up the UK National Lottery funding with the British Racing Drivers' Club and comedian Rowan Atkinson to keep the car at its home at Brooklands. In 1999, Gauntlett and Prince Michael of Kent took a blower 4.5 Bentley from London to Moscow. He was an active supporter of the Le Mans classic parades in the eighties until they banned him for driving too fast. As a consultant to a series of London banks, in 2002 Gauntlett was appointed chairman of Automotive Technik, manufacturers of the Pinzgauer military all-terrain vehicle. Aston Martin As worldwide sales of Aston Martin reduced to 150 per year, chairman Alan Curtis together with fellow shareholders American Peter Sprague and Canadian George Minden,

had almost chosen to shut down the production side of the business and concentrate on service and restoration. Curtis attended the 1980 Pace sponsored Stirling Moss benefit day at Brands Hatch, and met fellow Farnham resident Gauntlett. Gauntlett bought a 10% stake in Aston Martin for £500,000 via Pace Petroleum in 1980, with Tim Hearley of CH Industrials taking a similar share. Pace and CHI took over as joint 50/50 owners at the beginning of 1981, with Gauntlett as executive chairman. Gauntlett also led the sales team, and after some development and a lot of publicity when it became the world's fastest 4-seater production car, was able to sell with success the Aston Martin Lagonda into the Persian Gulf states, particularly Oman, Kuwait and Qatar. Understanding it would take some time to develop new Aston Martin products, they bought Tickford to develop automotive products for other companies. Products included a Tickford Austin Metro, a Tickford Ford Capri and even Tickford train interiors, particularly on the Jaguar XJS. Pace continued sponsoring racing events, and now sponsored all Aston Martin Owners Club events, taking a Tickford engined Nimrod Group C car owned by AMOC President Viscount Downe, which came third in the Manufacturers Championship in both 1982 and 1983. It also finished seventh in the 1982 24 Hours of Le Mans race. However, sales of production cars were now at an all-time low of 30 cars produced in 1982. As trading became tighter in the petroleum market, and Aston requiring more time and money, Gauntlett agreed to sell Hays/Pace to Kuwait Investment Office in September 1983. As Aston Martin required greater investment, he also agreed to sell his share holding to American importer and Greek shipping tycoon Peter Livanos, who invested via his joint venture company with Nick and John Papanicolaou, ALL Inc. Gauntlett remained chairman of the AML company 55% owned by ALL, with Tickford a 50/50 venture between ALL and CHI. The uneasy relationship was ended when ALL exercised options to buy a larger share in AML; CHI's residual shares were exchanged for CHI's complete ownership of Tickford, which retained development of existing Aston Martin projects. In 1984, Titan the main shipping company of the Papanicolaou's was in trouble, so Livanos's father George bought out the Papanicolaou's shares in ALL, while Gauntlett again became a shareholder with a 25% holding in AML. The deal valued Aston Martin/AML at £2 million, the year it built its 10,000th car. Although as a result Aston Martin had to make 60 members of the workforce redundant, Gauntlett bought a stake in Italian styling house Zagato, and resurrected its collaboration with Aston Martin. A revived economy and successful sales of limited edition Vantage, and 52 Volante Zagato coupes at £86,000 each, brought in enough funds to complete the Aston Martin Virage, the first new Aston launched in 20 years in 1988. In 1986, Gauntlett negotiated the return of fictional British secret agent James Bond to Aston Martin. Cubby Broccoli had chosen to recast the character using actor Timothy Dalton, in an attempt to re-root the Bond-brand back to a more Sean Connery-like feel. Gauntlett supplied his personal pre-production Vantage for use in the filming of "The Living Daylights," and sold a Volante to Broccoli for use at his home in America. Unfortunately, Gauntlett turned down the role of a KGB colonel in the film: "I would have loved to have done it but really could not afford the time." Although the company was doing well, Gauntlett knew it needed extra funds to survive long term. In May 1987, Gauntlett and Prince Michael of Kent were

staying at the home of Contessa Maggi, the wife of the founder of the original Mille Miglia, while watching the revival event. Another house guest was Walter Hayes, vice-President of Ford of Europe. Despite problems over the previous acquisition of AC Cars, Hayes saw the potential of the brand and the discussion resulted in Ford taking a share holding in September 1987. Although Gauntlett was contractually to stay as chairman for two years, his racing interests took Aston back into sports car racing in 1989 with limited European success. However, with engine rule changes for the 1990 season and the launch of the new Aston Martin Volante model, Ford provided the limited supply of Cosworth engines to the Jaguar cars racing team. As the "small Aston"/DB7 would require a large engineering input, Ford agreed to take full control of Aston Martin, and Gauntlett handed over the company chairmanship to Hayes in 1991. Aviation A qualified pilot from his time in the RAF, Gauntlett owned a number of aircraft through his life, including De Havilland aircraft a Dragon Rapide, Tiger Moth, Leopard Moth, Fox Moth, a Dove, Chipmunk; a North American Harvard, a Douglas Dakota C-47; and a Mk1a Spitfire; he had also sponsored aerobatic teams through his Petroleum Companies. He was known to attend historic aircraft auctions and indeed purchased a General Aircraft Cygnet from the former Strathallan Collection and donated it to the National Museum of Flight at East Fortune when the Museum dropped out of the bidding due to budget constraints. Gauntlett was a long-standing council member of The Air League, which promotes all aspects of British aviation, and had been due to assume the league's chairmanship in June 2003. He was a trustee of the RAF Museum and the Maritime Air Trust and a retired trustee of the Museum of Army Flying at Middle Wallop. He was appointed Honorary Air Commodore of No 4624 Squadron of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, based at RAF Brize Norton. Personal life Gauntlett married his wife Jean in 1966, and the couple had a daughter and three sons: Sarah, Michael, Mark and Richard, and three grand daughters Victoria, Lara and Olivia. Death Victor Gauntlett died on 31 March 2003. Quotations "I'm half overgrown schoolboy, half hard-nosed businessman" – Gauntlett on himself "I wouldn't be going into it unless I thought there was money to be made. I am quite convinced there is a niche for a high-quality product. There will always be the people who want the super-duper" – on taking over Aston Martin "I feel I am more akin to the high-class jewellery business or a famous art gallery than anything else" – commenting on his role in making cars Asked: "How can you make a small fortune out of Aston Martin?" Gauntlett replied "Start with a big one." On the importance of being decisive, his self-deprecating motto was " Often wrong, never in doubt!" References Category:1942 births Category:2003 deaths Category:Aston Martin Category:British Yeomanry officers Category:Chief executives in the automobile industry Category:English businesspeople Category:Honorary air commodores Category:People educated at St Marylebone Grammar School Category:People from Surrey Category:Royal Air Force officers

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 was a measure adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 26 February 2011. It condemned the use of lethal force by the government of Muammar Gaddafi against protesters participating in the Libyan Civil War, and imposed a series of international sanctions in response. The Security Council resolution marked the first time a country was unanimously referred to the International Criminal Court by the council. It has been alleged by Le Figaro that France openly violated the resolution by parachuting weapons to Libyan rebels (see lower). Background During the Libyan civil war, Gaddafi's loyalist forces allegedly carried out aerial bombings in Tripoli over civilian protesters, which drew widespread condemnation. However, these massacres likely never took place. Nonetheless, under pressure from mutinying Libyan diplomats the UN was brought to act. Adoption Resolution 1970, proposed by France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, was adopted after a day-long discussion. Libyan Ambassador to the United Nations Abdurrahman Mohamed Shalgam, who defected from the Libyan government, appealed to the Security Council to act on the situation in Libya. He persuaded China, India and Russia to include a reference to the International Criminal Court, after they previously expressed concern that it could inflame the situation. Russia secured a provision preventing nations from using the resolution as a pretext for intervention in Libya. Another provision proposed by Libyan representatives to include a no-fly zone over the country was rejected. Resolution Observations In the introduction of the resolution, the Council expressed "grave concern" at the situation in Libya and condemned the use of force against civilians. It also condemned the repression and violations of human rights, and attempts by the Libyan government to incite violence; statements of condemnation from the Arab League, African Union, Organisation of the Islamic Conference and United Nations Human Rights Council were welcomed by the Council. Such attacks on protesters were considered to amount to crimes against humanity. There was concern at the refugee situation, a shortage of medical supplies and the welfare of foreign nationals. The Security Council recalled the Libyan government's responsibility to protect its people, respect the freedoms of assembly, expression and a free media. Additionally, the government was reminded of the need to bring those responsible for attacks on civilians to account. The text of the resolution recalled article 16 of the Rome Statute under which no investigation or prosecution may be commenced or proceeded with by the International Criminal Court for a period of 12 months after a Security Council request to that effect. Acts The remainder of the resolution was enacted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and Article 41, thus making its provisions legally enforceable. The Council demanded an immediate end to the violence in Libya and for the government to address the "legitimate demands of the population". It urged the authorities to respect international humanitarian and human rights law, act with restraint, ensure the safety of foreign nationals and humanitarian supplies and lift restrictions placed on the media. International co-operation was advised to evacuate foreign nationals from the country. The resolution then referred the situation in Libya to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, who was to address the Council within two months following the adoption of Resolution 1970 and every six months thereafter on action taken, further deciding that Libyan officials should fully co-operate with the Court. An arms embargo was also imposed, preventing weapons from being exported to or out of Libya. States neighbouring Libya were encouraged to inspect suspicious cargo for weapons and to seize

any found, while they were also called upon to prevent mercenaries from being used in the uprising. Furthermore, a travel ban and asset freeze was imposed on individuals both in and closely linked to Gaddafi's government; any frozen assets would be made available to benefit the population. The Security Council established a Committee to monitor the implementation of the sanctions, investigate violations and to impose targeted sanctions on additional individuals and entities. All states were called upon to facilitate humanitarian assistance to Libya. The resolution concluded with the Council stating its intention to review, modify, strengthen or lift the measures in light of the situation. Travel ban The following members of the Gaddafi government were subjects of the travel ban: Dr Baghdadi Mahmudi, Head of the Liaison Office of the Revolutionary Committees Abdulqader Yusef Dibri, Head of Muammar Gaddafi's personal security, responsible for government security Abuzed Omar Dorda, Director of the External Security Organisation Major General Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr, Defence Minister Matuq Mohammed Matuq, Secretary for Utilities Sayyid Mohammed Qadhaf Al-dam, cousin of Muammar Gaddafi Ayesha Gaddafi, daughter of Muammar Gaddafi Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi, son of Muammar Gaddafi Khamis Gaddafi, son of Muammar Gaddafi and leader of the Khamis Brigade Muhammad Gaddafi, son of Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of the Revolution, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Mutassim Gaddafi, National Security Adviser, son of Muammar Gaddafi Al-Saadi Gaddafi, Commander of Special Forces, son of Muammar Gaddafi Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, son of Muammar Gaddafi Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Director of the Gaddafi Foundation, son of Muammar Gaddafi Colonel Abdullah Senussi, Director of Military Intelligence, brother-in-law of Muammar Gaddafi Asset freeze The following were also subjects of an asset freeze: Ayesha Gaddafi Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi Khamis Gaddafi Muammar Gaddafi Mutassim Gaddafi Saif al-Islam Gaddafi Infraction of the resolution On 16 April 2011, one of the rebel leaders, General Abdul Fatah Younis told Al-Arabiya that his forces were receiving armament supplies from abroad. This information was confirmed by Mustafa Gheriani, a spokesman for the rebels' National Transitional Council. On 28 July, it became known that it was France that parachuted assault rifles, machineguns and anti-tank guided weapons for the first time, and was airlifting weapons to the airfields that had recently been constructed by rebels. See also Foreign relations of Libya List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009 – 2011) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 References External links Text of the Resolution at undocs.org Fact sheet on Resolution 1970 – U.S. State Department Category:2011 in Libya Category:Libyan Civil War (2011) Category:2011 United Nations Security Council resolutions Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Libya Category:United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the International Criminal Court Category:United Nations Security Council sanctions regimes Category:International reactions to the Arab Spring Category:February 2011 events

John McDonnell Field John McDonnell Field is the outdoor track facility at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and is home to the Arkansas Razorbacks. The field is named after former head coach John McDonnell, who ended his thirty-six-year collegiate head coaching career as the most successful coach in NCAA track history, attaining a total of 42 NCAA Championships (although the University was stripped of two due to NCAA sanctions) in three different sports with the Razorbacks. Renovated in 2006, it is one of only ten International Association of Athletics Federations Class 1 certified tracks in the United States (along with Robert C. Haugh Complex - Outdoor Track and Field, Jack Rose Track, Hutsell-Rosen Track, Hayward Field, Roy P. Drachman Stadium, Icahn Stadium, UT San Antonio's Park West Athletic Complex, E.B. Cushing Stadium, and Rock Chalk Park). History Originally called University Track, Arkansas' outdoor track facility has gone through four major renovations. First in the late 1980s, prior to hosting the Southwest Conference Championships a new track surface was laid and the press box facility was renovated. When Arkansas hosted the 1994 Southeastern Conference Championships the runways and jumping areas were updated. During the same renovation project, a fully automated computer timing system and scoreboard located in the southeast corner of the track were added. In 1998 the track was stripped down to its foundation and resurfaced, the press box was gutted to its frame and built to twice its original capacity and wrought-iron fencing was erected around the perimeter of the facility. The two-year project continued with the pouring of concrete runways for the pole vault along the outskirts of the infield, allowing nearly every outdoor track and field event to be competed simultaneously if needed. The nine-lane, 400-meter track had permanent seating for more than 2,000 spectators and was open to the public for recreational use. On September 26, 1998, the track was re-dedicated in honor of men's track coach John McDonnell. Renovations The most recent and dramatic renovations occurred in 2005. In preparation for the 2006 Southeastern Conference Outdoor Championships, Arkansas razed the old facility and rebuilt from the ground up. The original 2,000-seat venue was transformed into one that would hold potentially 10,000 spectators. The facility is one of only five IAAF Class 1 certified track and field complexes in the United States (along with Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, Hutsell-Rosen Track in Auburn, Alabama, Icahn Stadium in New York City and Rock Chalk Park in Lawrence, Kansas). The track itself is nine lanes. All competition areas are surfaced with a Mondo Super X Performance track surface. There are multiple jumping and throwing areas, with the vaulting and jumping areas being reversible to take advantage of wind conditions. There also two sets of pole vault and jumping areas so that multiple events (usually men's and women's) can be contested simultaneously. A by LED video board is installed in the north end of the stadium. The start-finish line was moved from the southwest to northeast corner of the track. Originally designed to be a bowl shaped structure, seating in the north and south was omitted from construction due to budget and deadline issues. During track meets large tents are set up and teams usually set up camp on a large grass area in the open south end. The track is flanked by two large grandstands to the east and west that run the length of the 100-meter front and back stretches. Luxury suites were also supposed to be included in the large press box that runs the length of the east grandstand, however in the summer

of 2008 they were converted into offices for men's and women's coaching staff as well as a team lounge. During that time, men's and women's locker rooms which share a common athletic training room were added under the east stands. Capacity is currently set at 7,000 but can potentially hold up to 10,000 with additional construction or temporary seating. The new John McDonnell Field was rededicated on May 12, 2006 during the 2006 SEC Championships, which was the first meet held at complex since renovations. In 2008 the facility hosted the NCAA Mideast Regional Championships and hosted the 2009 NCAA Outdoor Championships. The track also hosts the annual John McDonnell Invitational as well as occasionally hosting Arkansas high school state championships. The facility hopes to eventually host national junior events, USA Outdoor Championships, and Olympic Trials. In 2008 John McDonnell Field was named the outdoor track and field facility of the year by the American Sports Builders Association for exhibiting excellence in design and construction. In 2014 the track was resurfaced. While the surface remained Mondo Super X, the once all red track was updated to be gray with red exchange zones. In the same year, Champions Plaza was added outside the north end of the stadium. The northwest entrance was updated with a renovated sign and a 7 foot 6 inch statue of former head coach, John McDonnell. Additionally the names of every Arkansas All-American are displayed on a plague at the northwest end. The scoreboard at the north end was enclosed and a 18x38 foot backlit Razorback logo was installed on the back, making it the largest logo displayed on campus. At the base of the scoreboard are 5 plaques, commemorating the accomplishments of Arkansas' 5 Triple Crown (NCAA Team Champions in Cross Country, Indoor and Outdoor track in the same year) winning teams. Finally, 52 9-foot tall pillars adorn the northern end of the plaza, known as Championship Garden, displaying the names of all the members of each of Arkansas' NCAA championship teams, as well as several pillars dedicated to honoring the many Razorback Olympians (Olympic Garden). Men's track records Even though the track was completely rebuilt, all of the old records carried over and are accepted to be the facility records. References Category:Sports venues in Arkansas Category:Athletics (track and field) venues in Arkansas Category:College track and field venues in the United States Category:University of Arkansas buildings

Kim Chang-ju Kim Chang-ju (김창주, born September 20, 1985) is a South Korean sailor. He and Kim Ji-hoon placed 19th in the men's 470 event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. References External links Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:South Korean male sailors (sport) Category:Olympic sailors of South Korea Category:Sailors at the 2016 Summer Olympics – 470 Category:Asian Games medalists in sailing Category:Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea Category:Sailors at the 2014 Asian Games Category:Sailors at the 2018 Asian Games Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games

List of football clubs in San Marino There are 15 teams in the Sanmarinese league system. The club San Marino Calcio plays in the Italian league system. San Marino Football Category:Lists of organizations based in San Marino

Panshanger Panshanger was a large country house located between the outer edge of Hertford and Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. History Earl Cowper, who later became Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, acquired the Cole Green estate c. 1700. He remodelled the estate in 1704 and made alterations to the house in 1711. The 5th Earl Cowper commissioned Samuel Wyatt and then William Atkinson to design a new house in a slightly different location in Regency-Gothic style; construction work started on site in 1806. The park was landscaped with advice from Humphry Repton, starting in 1799. Following the death of the 7th Earl Cowper in 1905, the estate was inherited by Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough and, after she died in 1952 with no heir, the estate was sold in lots by auction the following year, but there was no interest in the house itself and it was demolished between 1953 and 1954. A large portion of the outlying farms forming part of the estate had been sold by auction on 30 May 1919. The park contains the largest maiden (not pollarded) oak in the country, with a circumference of 7.6 metres. It is believed to have been planted by Queen Elizabeth I. Acorns from the tree have been used as seedlings for notable oaks in other parts of the country, such as the Prince Consort Oak in the Forest of Dean. Winston Churchill planted a sapling from the tree in the park and the tree can still be seen in the grounds. Panshanger Park and nature reserve Panshanger Park is owned by Tarmac Holdings which extracts sand and gravel from the site. Although Panshanger House was demolished, the orangery, nursery garden wall, stables, and a number of cottages and estate buildings remain, all of which are listed by English Heritage. The eastern end has been open since 31 March 2014 as a 1,000 acre country park and nature reserve - with 200 acres open to the public. The park consists of wetlands, grasslands and reedbeds which serve as a home for a wide variety of damselfly and dragonfly species. The park is also home to kingfishers, waterfowl and osprey. The rest of the site will be opened as gravel extraction is completed. Panshanger district The Panshanger district of Welwyn Garden City, and the nearby Panshanger Aerodrome, are named after the Panshanger estate. However, Panshanger Park does not lie within the Panshanger ward of Welwyn Garden City, nor indeed any part of Welwyn Garden City. It actually lies within the parishes of Hertford and Hertingfordbury. References Sources Robinson, John, Felling the Ancient Oaks, Aurum Press, 2011, Category:Country houses in Hertfordshire Category:British country houses destroyed in the 20th century Category:East Hertfordshire District Category:Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Hertfordshire Category:Gardens by Humphry Repton Category:Gardens by Capability Brown

Phallobrycon adenacanthus Phallobrycon adenacanthus is a species of characin endemic to Brazil, where it is found in the Rio Xingu basin. References Category:Characidae Category:Fish of South America Category:Fish of Brazil Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil Category:Fish described in 2009

Reino Paukkonen Reino Paukkonen (born 20 September 1945) is a Finnish long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics. References Category:1945 births Category:Living people Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics Category:Finnish male long-distance runners Category:Finnish male marathon runners Category:Olympic athletes of Finland Category:People from Heinävesi

Sherline Williams Sherline Williams (born 20 July 1977) is a Barbadian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics. References Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Barbadian female sprinters Category:Olympic athletes of Barbados Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Barbados Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

Ms. Banks Thyra Oji, better known by her stage name Ms. Banks, is an English rapper from Southeast London. Oji began writing music at age 11. Oji has released three mixtapes as Ms. Banks. In 2014, she released her first mixtape titled Once Upon a Grind. She then released her first EP titled New Chapter EP in 2016. The Coldest Winter Ever was released in 2018, followed by The Coldest Winter Ever Part II in 2019.. References Category:Black British female rappers Category:Living people Category:Rappers from London Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Banque de Baecque Beau The Banque de Baecque Beau was a French bank that now is subsumed in HSBC France. In 1837, two traders, Camille Cailliez and Charles de Baecque, established a partnership to engage in negotiating commissions on merchandise and in banking affairs. In 1846 the partners brought in Alexis Beau and began operating under the name Cailliez, de Baecque et Beau. The partnership narrowed its focus to banking activities, primarily discount transactions. Its name changed once again in the 19th century, to Banque de Baecque, Beau et Lantin, when it added Maurice Lantin as a partner. After World War II the bank adopted the name Banque de Baecque Beau (BBB). In 1991, Banque Hervet acquired a 67% stake in Banque de Baecque Beau. Under the terms of the agreement, the Baecque and Beau families sold their combined 55% stake to Hervet, and L'Lione Finance saw its stake in the bank fall to 33% with the sale to Hervet of a 12% stake. In addition, Christian de Baeque agreed to remain president of the bank. A few years later, BBB bought out a number of client portfolios, most notably those of Citibank in 1996 and Banque Monod (originally Monod Française de Banque) in 1997, the latter from Suez Lyonnaise des Eaux. In 1997 it also absorbed Société Parisienne de Banque. Category:Banks of France Category:HSBC acquisitions

1963 Swansea East by-election The Swansea East by-election, 1963 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Swansea East on 28 March 1963. The seat had become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) David Mort had died on 1 January 1963, aged 74. He had held the seat since being elected unopposed at a by-election in 1940. The Labour candidate, Neil McBride, held the seat for his party. Result See also Swansea East constituency 1919 Swansea East by-election 1940 Swansea East by-election Swansea List of United Kingdom by-elections United Kingdom by-election records References Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources: UK General Election results October 1959 Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Welsh constituencies Category:1963 elections in the United Kingdom Category:1963 in Wales Category:20th century in Swansea Category:Elections in Swansea

Playmobil Interactive Playmobil Interactive is a brand name used by Geobra Brandstätter GmbH for releasing Video Games, Software, DVDs and Apps featuring Playmobil themes. Titles Alex Builds his Farm (1999; Windows) Laura's Happy Adventures (1999; Windows, Game Boy Color) Hype: The Time Quest (1999; Windows, Game Boy Color, PlayStation 2) Rescue from Rock Castle (2004; Windows) The Big Treasure Hunt (2005; Windows) Playmobil Alarm (2007; Windows) Playmobil Constructions (2007; Windows) Playmobil Knights (2009; Windows, Nintendo DS) Playmobil Pirates (2009; Windows, Nintendo DS) Playmobil: The Secret of Pirate Island (2009; DVD) Playmobil Circus (2009; Wii) Playmobil Top Agents (2010; Nintendo DS) Playmobil Pirates (2012; IOS) Playmobil Princess (2014; IOS) Playmobil Luxusvilla (2014; IOS) Playmobil Knights (2014; IOS) * Category:Video game lists by franchise

IMUnited IMUnited was a coalition of instant messaging service providers, including Yahoo! and Microsoft, that wanted AOL to open its proprietary AIM network to them. It appears to have disappeared, possibly because both Yahoo!'s and Microsoft's instant messaging services started to gain popularity. See also IMUnified Category:Instant messaging

Marco Pischorn Marco Pischorn (born 1 January 1986 in Mühlacker) is a German football defender who plays for SGV Freiberg. In October 2007, he was promoted to the first team of VfB Stuttgart. He had his professional debut on 27 October 2007 against Bayer Leverkusen. He left for SV Sandhausen in 2010, where he would spend three and a half years before joining Preußen Münster. References External links Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:People from Mühlacker Category:Association football defenders Category:German footballers Category:VfB Stuttgart players Category:VfB Stuttgart II players Category:SV Sandhausen players Category:SC Preußen Münster players Category:Bundesliga players Category:2. Bundesliga players Category:3. Liga players Category:Footballers from Baden-Württemberg

Carlos Fabián Leeb Carlos Fabián "cat" Leeb (born July 18, 1968, in Buenos Aires) is a former Argentine football striker and the current manager for Bolivian first division club Sport Boys Warnes. Carlos is the son of Luis Félix "cat" Leeb, a professional footballer who played over 300 games in Argentine football. Playing career Leeb started his career with Club Atlético Independiente in the First Division in 1987. In 1991, he had a short spell with Estudiantes de La Plata before signing for Chacarita Juniors in the 3rd division in 1992. In 1994 Chacarita were promoted to the Second Division. Leeb became an idol at the club, scoring 64 goals in 126 games. In 1997 Leeb transferred to fellow Second Division Club Atlético Banfield. In 2001 Banfield were promoted to the First Division, Leeb played a single season with Banfield in the top flight before moving to Ferro Carril Oeste in the Third Division where he retired from playing in 2002. During his playing career, he suffered from a lot of injuries and underwent 14 operations. Coaching career In 2005 Carlos Leeb started coaching Banfield first Team. He enjoyed a lot of success and in 2006 joined Club Guaraní in Paraguay making a two-year campaign with very good records. In June 2009 he took over Universitario of Bolivia, with the objectives of entering an international competition. He accomplished his objective by entering the Copa Sudamericana in 2010. He left Universario due to club's debt to player's and coaching staff. He works as the manager for Nacional Potosi of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano since 09.08.2012. External links Argentine Primera statistics Soy de Banfield profile Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:Argentine footballers Category:Argentine football managers Category:Association football forwards Category:Club Atlético Independiente footballers Category:Estudiantes de La Plata footballers Category:Chacarita Juniors footballers Category:Banfield footballers Category:Ferro Carril Oeste footballers Category:Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Category:Chacarita Juniors managers Category:Sport Boys Warnes managers

J. Paul Oetken James Paul Oetken ( ; born October 1, 1965), known professionally as J. Paul Oetken, is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. He is the first openly gay man to be confirmed as an Article III judge. Early life and education Oetken was born on October 1, 1965 in Louisville, Kentucky. He was valedictorian and class president at Regis High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1988 from the University of Iowa and a Juris Doctor in 1991 from Yale Law School. From 1991 until 1992, Oetken served as a law clerk for Judge Richard Cudahy on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and from 1992 until 1993, he served as a law clerk to Judge Louis F. Oberdorfer on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. From 1993 until 1994, Oetken served as a law clerk to Associate Justice Harry Blackmun on the United States Supreme Court. Professional career During the mid-1990s, Oetken worked as an associate with the law firm of Jenner & Block. In 1997, he joined the Office of Legal Counsel in the United States Department of Justice as an attorney-advisor, where he worked until becoming an Associate Counsel to the President of the United States in the office of the White House Counsel in 1999. He held that job until President Bill Clinton left office in 2001. From 2001 until 2003, Oetken worked as an associate at the law firm of Debevoise & Plimpton, and from 2003 until 2004, he was counsel. In 2004, Oetken joined Cablevision Systems Corporation as its associate general counsel, until leaving to join the federal bench in 2011. Federal judicial service On January 26, 2011, President Barack Obama nominated Oetken to serve on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York to replace Judge Denny Chin, whom Obama previously appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. New York Senator Charles Schumer recommended Oetken to the post. Schumer recommended Oetken a year after he recommended former Assistant United States Attorney Daniel S. Alter, also openly gay, whom the White House declined to nominate after concluding, because of statements that had been attributed to Alter, that his nomination was unlikely to survive the 60-vote threshold needed to overcome a filibuster in the Senate. Schumer stated that diversity was a consideration in his recommendations for federal judgeships, and that he was "shocked to learn" that no openly gay men had served on the federal bench. The full United States Senate confirmed Oetken on July 18, 2011 in an 80–13 vote. He received his commission on July 20, 2011. Oetken is the second openly gay Article III judge in the country, after Deborah Batts. Personal life Oetken lives with his husband Makky Pratayot in Manhattan. They were married on September 6, 2014 at Jane Hotel in Manhattan by Judge Alison J. Nathan. See also Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman References External links Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States Category:LGBT judges Category:LGBT lawyers Category:Gay men Category:LGBT appointed officials in the United States Category:LGBT people from Kentucky Category:New York (state) lawyers Category:Lawyers from Louisville, Kentucky Category:United States Department of Justice lawyers Category:United States district court judges appointed by Barack Obama Category:21st-century American judges Category:University of Iowa alumni Category:Yale Law School alumni Category:People associated with Jenner &

Block

Church of Saint Michael (Olomouc) Church of Saint Michael () is a Roman Catholic church in Olomouc, Czech Republic. It is one of the most important landmarks of the city. The church, connected originally with the Dominican Order, was constructed in the 13th century, and reconstructed to its current Baroque form from 1676 to 1703 by Giovanni Pietro Tencalla. Stucco ornamentation for the interior was provided by Baltazar Fontana. The church was consecrated on 9 May 1707; however in July 1709, it was damaged by a large fire. The church is characterised by its three domes symbolizing the Holy Trinity. The underside of each domes is frescoed. The church organ is original from 1706, made by David Sieber, an organist from Brno. External links Official website of the parish Category:Churches in Olomouc Category:Roman Catholic churches in the Czech Republic Category:Church buildings with domes

Yumbo Centrum The Yumbo Centrum (Spanish: El Centro Comercial Yumbo) is a shopping centre on the island of Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. It is situated in the tourist resort of Playa Del Ingles, between Avenida de Tirajana and Avenida de España. The centre was built 1982-85 by the tourism entrepreneur Estanislao Mañaricúa Belacortu and Alejandro del Castillo. Amenities The shopping centre consists of a series of open-air courtyards and terraces. It has over 200 shops and international restaurants situated over multiple floors ranging from clothes, shoes, perfume and jewelry to electronics. Access is at ground level, with retail floors on several levels below ground. The Yumbo is also noted for its busy nightlife and is a popular attraction for LGBT visitors, offering a wide range of gay bars, discos, nightclubs and drag cabarets. The Cabildo insular de Gran Canaria (the island government) operates a tourist information office within the Yumbo Centre, on the ground level by the entrance on Avenida de España. In May the events of the annual Gran Canaria Gay Pride celebration are usually centred on the Yumbo Centre, attracting several thousand participants. References External links Category:Buildings and structures in Gran Canaria Category:Shopping malls in Spain Category:Shopping malls established in 1982 Category:LGBT culture in Spain

Surfing in the United States Surfing in the United States is a popular pastime in coastal areas of the country. There are professional surfing leagues such as the World Surf League in the United States. These leagues make it possible for surfers all over the world to become recognized in America for their talent. One of the most famous surfers is Kelly Slater. Kelly Slater has eleven different ASP surfing competitions, making him one of the best in the world. History The earliest recorded instances of surfing took place in Hawaii in the 17th Century. These instances are correlated to the Hawaiian tradition of "he'e nalu", which means "wave-sliding". Duke Kahanamoku is considered an influential figure in popularizing surfing in the United States. Nick Gabaldon is first known African American surfer. Surfing culture in the United States Surfing is very much a part of North Carolina, Californian, Floridian, and Hawaiian culture. Surfing on the American East Coast of the United States began in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina In 1909 Burke Haywood Bridgers and a colony of surfers introduced surfing and surfing competitions to American East Coast. The State of North Carolina honored Burke Haywood Bridgers and the colony of surfers by placing a North Carolina Highway Marker for PIONEER EAST COAST SURFING on Wrightsville Beach and designated Wrightsville Beach as the birthplace of surfing and competitive surfing on the American East Coast in 2015. North Carolina has the greater weight of published verifiable accurate evidence and impacts a broader geographical area when compared to other east coast states. Burke Haywood Bridgers and the colony of surfers activities are among the earliest appearances of surfboards in the Atlantic Ocean. The early twentieth century surfers proved that surfing migrated from Hawaii to North Carolina and California, about the same time, then Florida. Surfing is growing amongst the African American community, despite being seen as a "white sport". Major competitions in the United States Southeast Regional Surfing Championships - mid April, Smyrna Beach, Florida East Coast Surfing Championships -late August, Oceanfront – Virginia Beach, Virginia US Open of Surfing - early September, Huntington Beach, California Triple Crown of Surfing - mid November to mid December, North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii Reef Hawaiian Pro - North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii O'Neill World Cup of Surfing - Pūpūkea, Oahu, Hawaii Pipeline Masters - early December - North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii The Eddie - early December to end February - Waimea Bay, North Shore, Oahu, Hawaii Titans of Mavericks - December to March, Half Moon Bay, California Big wave surfing Big-wave surfing originated in the 1990s, when surfers began to make use of water vehicles such as jet skis and speed boats, in order to tow them into waves that they were too large and fast to catch. References Category:Sports in the United States by sport

Hepatozoon cuestensis Hepatozoon cuestensis is a species of alveolates known to infect snake species such as Crotalus durissus terrificus (rattlesnake). References Category:Conoidasida Category:Parasites of reptiles

Queiles The Queiles is an effluent of the Ebro. Its arises in Vozmediano (Soria). It flows through Tarazona and empties into the Ebro near Tudela, Navarre. See also List of rivers of Spain Category:Rivers of Spain Category:Rivers of Castile and León Category:Rivers of Navarre Category:Rivers of Aragon

2017 elections in India The elections in India in 2017 include the seven state legislative assembly elections. Maps State legislatures Presidential election A presidential election was held in India on 17 July 2017 before the term of the President Pranab Mukherjee ended. Ram Nath Kovind was declared the winner after the counting of votes which was held on 20 July 2017. Vice Presidential election A Vice Presidential election were held in India on 5 August 2017 before the term of Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari ends. Venkaiah Naidu was elected as the Vice President of India. Mr Naidu received 516 votes defeating the opposition's candidate, Gopal Krishna Gandhi, who got 244 votes. A total of 771 out of 785 parliamentarians voted in the election. M Venkaiah Naidu's victory margin of 272 votes is the highest in a vice presidential election in the last three decades. Legislative assembly elections Punjab Elections for the State assembly were held on 4 February 2017 with 75 per cent voter turnout. In Punjab all the 117 assembly constituencies have triangular contests between major parties makes the results uncertain. Result was declared on 11 March 2017. Goa Elections for the State assembly were held on 4 February 2017 with 83 per cent turnout. The BJP, MGP, GFP and two independents formed an alliance to win the election. Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh were held between 11 February and 9 March 2017 in seven phases. Result was declared on 11 March 2017. Uttarakhand Elections for the State assembly were held on 15 February 2017 with a 65.64 per cent turnout. Result was declared on 11 March 2017. Manipur Assembly elections in Manipur were held on 4 March and 8 March 2017 in two phases. The result was declared on 11 March 2017. Himachal Pradesh Elections for the State assembly was held on 9 November 2017. Voting turnout recorded 74%, which is highest ever in the state. The results were declared on 18 December 2017. Over 0.9% of all voters in the election specified the 'None of the Above' option, which amounted to than 33,000 votes. Gujarat Elections for the State Assembly were held on 9 and 14 December 2017. The result was declared on 18 December 2017. References External links Election Commission of India Raajneeti – Election 2017 Updates Category:2017 State Assembly elections in India

Joseph-Alexandre Baile Joseph-Alexandre Baile (19 April 1801 – 31 July 1888) was a Sulpician priest who was educated in France and came to Canada in 1825. He was ordained priest in 1826 and was a professor at the Petit Séminaire de Montréal by 1827. Baile became director of this school by 1830, a position he held for sixteen years. During that period, Baile was often in conflict with Joseph-Vincent Quiblier, the superior of the Sulpicians in Canada to the point that he made many requests to be returned to France. By 1845, Bishop Ignace Bourget had convinced Quiblier to leave and Pierre-Louis Billaudèle became the Sulpician superior in Canada. By 1847, Baile had taken over direction of the Grand Séminaire de Montréal and set about improving the quality of the theology courses at the school. References Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Category:1801 births Category:1888 deaths Category:Canadian educators

Quarter tense Quarter tense (called in all other English speaking countries "ember days") is a uniquely Irish name for those days set aside in the western Christian church for prayer and fasting to sanctify the liturgical seasons. They are of very ancient and uncertain origin, though are generally believed to have originated in Rome. The dates of their celebration are now normally determined by national Roman Catholic hierarchies and not by the universal calendar of the church. The Saturdays of Quarter Tense were considered especially appropriate for priestly ordination. The days of Quarter Tense were, until the Second Vatican Council, time of obligatory fasting and abstinence. However, in Ireland, the obligation of abstinence (the complete avoidance of meat) on the Saturdays of Quarter Tense outside Lent was removed by the Vatican in 1912. The term "quarter tense" is derived from the official Latin name; "quattuor tempora" ("the four times"). In the Irish language, Quarter Tense is Cátaoir or Laethanta na gCeithre Thráth (lit. "the days of the four times"). The old dates in the Irish calendar for the observation of Quarter Tense were: The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following Ash Wednesday, (liturgical colour - Purple). The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after Pentecost Sunday, (liturgical colour - Red). The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after September 14- the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, (liturgical colour - Purple). The Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following December 13- Feast of Saint Lucy, (liturgical colour - Purple). See also: Liturgical colours Category:Catholic holy days Category:History of Christianity in Ireland

Selsingen Selsingen is a municipality in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately southeast of Bremervörde, and northeast of Bremen, and is twinned with the English village of Sawston in Cambridgeshire. Selsingen belonged - as to its government - to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, established in 1180. In religious respect, however, Selsingen formed part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Verden until after 1566 its incumbent bishops lost papal recognition, except of a last Catholic bishop from 1630 to 1631, respectively. In 1648 the Prince-Archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown. In 1823 the Duchy was abolished and its territory became part of the Stade Region. Selsingen is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Selsingen. References

Shankar Balasubramanian Sir Shankar Balasubramanian (born 30 September 1966) is an Indian-born British chemist and Herchel Smith Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, Senior Group Leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is recognised for his contributions in the field of nucleic acids. He is scientific founder of Solexa and Cambridge Epigenetix. Education Born in Madras (now Chennai) India in 1966, Shankar Balasubramanian moved to the UK with his parents in 1967. He grew up in a rural area just outside Runcorn in Cheshire and attended Daresbury Primary School, then Appleton Hall High School (which has since amalgamated to form Bridgewater High School). He then went on to study the Natural Sciences Tripos at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where he did his undergraduate degree from 1985–88 and continued with a PhD for research on the reaction mechanism of the enzyme chorismate synthase supervised by Chris Abell (1988-1991). Career and research Following his PhD, Balasubramanian travelled to the USA as a SERC/NATO Research Fellow and worked in the group of Stephen J. Benkovic at Pennsylvania State University (1991-1993). He started his independent academic career in 1994 in the University of Cambridge and has remained there ever since, first as College Lecturer, then University Lecturer (1998), University Reader in Chemical Biology (2003) and Professor of Chemical Biology (2007). He was most recently appointed Herchel Smith Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in 2008. He currently directs research laboratories in the Department of Chemistry and also the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. His former doctoral students include Julian Huppert. Balasubramanian works in the field of nucleic acids. His citation on election to the Royal Society reads: More recently Balasubramanian has been inventing and applying new chemical methods to study epigenetic changes to DNA bases including single base resolution sequencing of 5-formylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine. Honours and awards Honours and awards include: 1998 Glaxo Wellcome Award for Innovative Organic Chemistry 2002 Corday–Morgan Medal and Prize of the Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Royal Society Mullard Award 2010 BBSRC Innovator of the Year 2010 BBSRC Commercial Innovator of the Year 2011 Elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) 2012 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) 2012 Elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) 2013 Tetrahedron Prize 2014 Biochemical Society Heatley Medal and Prize 2015 Chemical Research Society of India Medal 2017 knighted in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to science and medicine. 2018 Royal Medal References Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:Scientists from Chennai Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom Category:Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization Category:Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge Category:British biochemists Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Category:Knights Bachelor Category:Tamil biochemists

Huai Chomphu Huai Chomphu () is a tambon (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 13,494 people. The tambon contains 11 villages. References Category:Tambon of Chiang Rai Province Category:Populated places in Chiang Rai Province

Conactia Conactia is a genus of bristle flies in the family Tachinidae. There is at least one described species in Conactia, C. reclinata. References Further reading External links Category:Tachinidae

Lepidodendrales Lepidodendrales (from Gr. "scale tree") were primitive, vascular, arborescent (tree-like) plants related to the lycopsids (club mosses). They thrived during the Carboniferous period, and some reached heights of over 30 meters, with trunks often more than one meter in diameter. Sometimes called "giant club mosses", they are in fact more closely related to quillworts than to club mosses. Morphology Lepidodendrales had tall, thick trunks that rarely branched and were topped with a crown of bifurcating branches bearing clusters of leaves. These leaves were long and narrow, similar to large blades of grass, and were spirally-arranged. The vascular system of the erect trunk was unusual in that it switched its morphological development as the plant grew. The young trunk began as a protostele in which the outer xylem matured first (exarch), but the later and higher portion of the trunk developed as an ectophloic siphonostele in which the xylem was flanked by phloem tissue on both its inner and outer side. The closely packed diamond-shaped leaf scars left on the trunk and stems as the plant grew provide some of the most interesting and common fossils in Carboniferous shales and accompanying coal deposits. These fossils look much like tire tracks or alligator skin. The scars, or leaf cushions, were composed of green photosynthetic tissue, evidenced by the cuticle covering and being dotted with stomata, microscopic pores through which carbon dioxide from the air diffuses into plants. Likewise, the trunks of Lepidodendrons would have been green, unlike modern trees which have scaly, non-photosynthetic brown or gray bark. The architecture of the lepidodendrales has been called "cheap". The trunks produced little wood. Most structural support came from a thick, bark-like region. This region remained around the trunk as a rigid layer that did not flake off like that of most modern trees. As the tree grew, the leaf cushions expanded to accommodate the increasing width of the trunk. The branches of these plants ended in cone-like structures. They did not produce seeds like many modern plants. Instead, it reproduced by means of spores. It is estimated that these plants grew rapidly and lived 10–15 years. This is indeed plausible, since Cottonwoods too have soft wood and grow fast- they have been known to reach 100 feet tall in fifteen years sometimes. Some species were probably monocarpic, meaning they reproduced only once toward the end of their life cycle. Ecology Lepidodendrales likely lived in the wettest parts of the coal swamps that existed during the Carboniferous period. They grew in dense stands, likely having as many as 1000 to 2000 individuals per hectare. This would have been possible because they did not branch until fully grown, and would have spent much of their lives as unbranched poles topped and surrounded by long grass/needlelike leaves. In its juvenile stages, the trunk was supported by grass-like leaves that grew straight out of the trunk. Genera The lepidodendrales comprises three main genera, Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios, and Sigillaria, distinguished on the basis of the ratio of scale width to height - they are otherwise identical. In addition, many "organ taxa" have been identified to the lepidodendrales: each root (Stigmaria), leaf and cone (Lepidostrobus) was originally given a different genus and species name before it could be shown that they belonged to the same organism. See also Glossopteris Archaeopteris References Further reading Davis, Paul and Kenrick, Paul. Fossil Plants. Smithsonian Books, Washington D.C. (2004). Morran, Robin, C.; A Natural History of Ferns. Timber Press (2004). Category:Carboniferous plants Category:Prehistoric plant orders Category:Lycophytes Category:Carboniferous first appearances Category:Carboniferous extinctions

Armbrae Academy Armbrae Academy is an independent, university preparatory, co-educational, non-denominational day school from Preschool to Grade 12 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is accredited by and a member of Canadian Accredited Independent Schools. Facilities The grounds of the school consist of a forest, playground, and small field covered with artificial turf. Armbrae completed construction of a multi-purpose building containing a gymnasium, art room and drama studio in April 2008. All of the senior school's classrooms are equipped with Chromebooks. Armbrae also has a computer lab with more than 20 computers. All computers in the school are connected to the school's slow wireless network. The main building at Armbrae is undergoing a greening project. This project includes the replacement of older single-pane windows, all old energy-inefficient lights, and the original oil-fired boilers by more efficient natural gas burners. External links Armbrae Academy - official website Category:Preparatory schools in Nova Scotia Category:Private schools in Nova Scotia Category:Elementary schools in Nova Scotia Category:Middle schools in Nova Scotia Category:High schools in Nova Scotia Category:Schools in Halifax, Nova Scotia Category:Educational institutions established in 1887

Financial cryptography Financial cryptography is the use of cryptography in applications in which financial loss could result from subversion of the message system. Financial cryptography is distinguished from traditional cryptography in that for most of recorded history, cryptography has been used almost entirely for military and diplomatic purposes. Financial cryptography includes the mechanisms and algorithms necessary for the protection of financial transfers, in addition to the creation of new forms of money. Proof of work and various auction protocols fall under the umbrella of Financial cryptography. Hashcash is being used to limit spam. Financial cryptography has been seen to have a very broad scope of application. Ian Grigg sees financial cryptography in seven layers, being the combination of seven distinct disciplines: cryptography, software engineering, rights, accounting, governance, value, and financial applications. Business failures can often be traced to the absence of one or more of these disciplines, or to poor application of them. This views Financial cryptography as an appropriately cross-discipline subject. Indeed, inevitably so, given that finance and cryptography are each built upon multiple disciplines. History Cryptographers think the field originated from the work of Dr David Chaum who invented the blind signature. The blind signature is a special form of a cryptographic signature which allowed virtual coins to be signed without the signer seeing the actual coin. It permitted a form of digital token money that prevented traceability. This form is sometimes known as digital currency. Similar concepts are now being applied to modern blockchain technologies. A system that was widely used during the 1970s-1990s and previously developed cryptographic mechanism is the Data Encryption Standard, which was used primarily for the protection of electronic funds transfers. However, it was the work of David Chaum that excited the cryptography community about the potential of encrypted messages as actual financial instruments. As part of a business model, Financial cryptography followed the guide of cryptography and only the simplest ideas were adopted. Account money systems protected by SSL such as PayPal and e-gold were relatively successful, but more innovative mechanisms, including blinded token money, were not. Associations Financial cryptography is to some extent organized around the annual meeting of the International Financial Cryptography Association, which is held each year in a different location. See also Automated teller machines (ATM) Bitcoin Blockchain Cryptoeconomics Digital currency Monero (cryptocurrency) Point-of-sale (POS) Hardware security modules (HSM) Payment system Smart contracts Economics of security Bilateral key exchange References External links International Financial Cryptography Association Fincrypt weblog Financial Cryptography weblog Bitcoin whitepaper Category:Banking technology Category:Cryptocurrencies

Harrison, Waupaca County, Wisconsin Harrison is a town in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 509 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Northland, Norske, and Schmidt Corner are located in the town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.9 square miles (95.7 km²), of which, 36.9 square miles (95.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km²) of it (0.16%) is water. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 509 people, 206 households, and 147 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.8 people per square mile (5.3/km²). There were 303 housing units at an average density of 8.2 per square mile (3.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.02% White, 0.20% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.18% of the population. There were 206 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.86. In the town, the population was spread out with 23.6% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.6 males. The median income for a household in the town was $36,635, and the median income for a family was $48,036. Males had a median income of $35,625 versus $19,432 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,409. About 1.5% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. References Category:Towns in Waupaca County, Wisconsin Category:Towns in Wisconsin

Bitonto Cathedral Bitonto Cathedral (, Concattedrale di Maria SS. Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Bitonto in the Province of Bari, Italy. History The cathedral, dedicated to Saint Mary, was the seat of the small Bishopric of Bitonto from the bishopric's foundation, believed to be in the 8th century, until 1818, when it was combined with the neighbouring Diocese of Ruvo to form the Diocese of Ruvo e Bitonto. This was separated again in 1982, and the Diocese of Bitonto, with Bitonto Cathedral as its seat, was briefly revived, but was combined with the Archdiocese of Bari in 1986 to form the Archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto, in which Bitonto Cathedral is now a co-cathedral. Structure The remains of a palaeochristian church, which predates by some centuries the establishment of the bishopric, have been discovered underneath the present building. The existing church however is a Romanesque building of the late 11th-12th centuries, influenced by the Basilica of San Nicola in Bari. The west front is divided into three parts and has three portals (the central one of which is sculpted with plant motifs and scenes from the Old Testament), four mullioned windows and a rose window flanked by sculptures of animals supported by small columns. The interior has a nave and two aisles, and is also notable for its sculpture. The main artwork is the marble ambo, a combined pulpit and lectern, of 1229, a masterpiece of medieval Apulian stonecarving. In the crypt is a tile of a griffin, a survival from the predecessor church building. See also Ruvo Cathedral Norman architecture References Sources and external links Catholic Hierarchy: Bitonto Catholic Encyclopedia: Diocese of Ruvo Mondimedievali.net: history and pictures of Bitonto Cathedral Photographs of the cathedral History Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Italy Category:Cathedrals in Apulia Cathedral Category:Churches in the metropolitan city of Bari Category:Romanesque architecture in Apulia Category:Buildings and structures in the Province of Bari

Emma Robinson (New Zealand swimmer) Emma Kay Robinson (born 26 September 1994) is a New Zealand swimmer who competed for her country at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She competed in the women's 800 metre freestyle but did not qualify for the final. Personal life Robinson was born on 26 September 1994 in Wellington, New Zealand. Of Māori descent, Robinson affiliates to the Ngāpuhi iwi. She studied at the Victoria University of Wellington, where she was awarded a Blue for swimming. Career Robinson is a member of the Capital Swim Club in Wellington. In 2013, she swam at the 15th FINA World Championships held in Barcelona, Spain. Competing in the women's 10 km open water event she placed 34th in a time of two hours one minute 47.6 seconds. In the 5 km event she finished 24th in a time of 57 minutes 29.5 seconds. She competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games held in Glasgow, Scotland. She swam in the 200 metre and 800 metre freestyle and in the 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay. In the 800 metre event she finished joint tenth fastest in the heats and won a swim off against Aisha Thornton of Scotland to be the second reserve for the final. In February 2015 she moved her training base to TSS Aquatics in Southport, Queensland, Australia, after the Wellington High Performance Centre was closed and the national coach David Lyles was fired. She swam at the 16th FINA World Championships held in Kazan, Russia. In the 400 m freestyle she placed 28th in the heats in a time of four minutes 16.43 seconds. In the 800 m freestyle she finished 27th in a time of eight minutes 44.86 seconds. At the 2016 New Zealand open swimming championships Robinson swam a personal best time of 8:31.27 in the 800 metre freestyle event to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. She was subsequently selected alongside Lauren Boyle in the event. References Category:1994 births Category:Living people Category:New Zealand female swimmers Category:Victoria University of Wellington alumni Category:Olympic swimmers of New Zealand Category:Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Category:Ngāpuhi Category:Swimmers from Wellington City Category:New Zealand Māori sportspeople

Euro Top 20 The MTV Euro Top 20 (previously known as the MTV European Top 20) was a music chart countdown on MTV Europe, which played the continent's most popular songs and artists. The countdown had been shown on the majority of the regional MTV channels in Europe since the late 1980s (presumably 1988) until its cancellation in April 2009. During these years the show was sponsored by Braun, Coca-Cola, Memorex and Maxell. It was then rebranded on MTV Europe as Euro Hitlist and shown with a varying compilation method until its complete termination in August 2012. The show still exists on a few MTV Channels but is largely adapted to the music scene of those countries thus not a pan-European chart as was originally intended. Former Presenters Ray Cokes (1980s) Paul King (1990s) Pip Dann (1990s) Maiken Wexø (1990s) Marijne van der Vlugt (1990s) Rebecca de Ruvo (1990s) Simone Angel (1990s) Maria Guzenina (1990s) Lisa I'Anson (1990s) Hugo de Campos (1990s) Davina McCall (1990s) Kristiane Backer (1990s) Eden Harel (1995–2000) Nikolai (1990s) Kimsy von Reischach (1990s) Boris (1990s) Kicki Berg (1999) Trey Farley (1999–2000) Neil Cole (2000–2002) Joanne Colan (2000–2003) Ina Geraldine (2003–2004) Amelia Hoy (2004–2005) Charlotte Thorstvedt (2005–2009) Category:MTV original programming

Wakde Airfield Wakde Airfield is a World War II airfield located on Wakde Island, off the northern coast of New Guinea in West Papua Province, Indonesia. The airfield was abandoned after the war and today is almost totally returned to its natural state. History The airfield was constructed by the Japanese and was first noted by the Americans in February 1943. By June 1943, a single coral–surfaced 5,400' x 390' runway, with dispersal areas off the northern side was identified, and a barracks area on the south side was visible. By September, the Japanese had expanded the base further with a radio station and quarters for 1,000 personnel. Wadke Airfield was seized by the United States Army on 15 May 1944. Construction work was begun to repair the airstrip once the battle was over on 18 May. The airfield was repaired and put into use by the Fifth Air Force as a forward operations base. From Wakde, the first American reconnaissance mission of the Philippines since the fall of Corregidor in 1942 was undertaken, over Mindanao. Allied units stationed at Wakde Airfield XIII Bomber Command (3 September–17 October 1944) 5th Bombardment Group (17 August–22 September 1944) Headquarters, 394th Bomb Squadron, B-24 Liberator 307th Bombardment Group (24 August–18 October 1944) Headquarters, 370th, 371st, 372d, 424th Bomb Squadrons , B-24 Liberator 348th Fighter Group (22 May–26 August 1944) Headquarters, 340th, 341st Fighter Squadrons, P-47 Thunderbolt 100th Service Squadron 13th Troop Carrier Squadron (403d Troop Carrier Group), (4–19 October 1944), C-47 Skytrain 63d Troop Carrier Squadron (403d Troop Carrier Group), (4–29 October 1944), C-47 Skytrain 64th Troop Carrier Squadron (403d Troop Carrier Group), (2–29 October 1944), C-47 Skytrain See also USAAF in the Southwest Pacific References Citations Bibliography Category:Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II Category:Western New Guinea Category:World War II sites in Indonesia

St Anne's Church, Haughton St Anne's Church in Haughton, Denton is a Grade I Listed Building. The church was built in 1881 and designed by J. Medland Taylor. The construction was funded by E. Joseph Sidebotham, a member of the Sidebotham mill-owning family of Hyde. The church was built in brick in the Gothic Revival style, but also utilised timber framing. It has been described as the best-known work of the architects, an 'extraordinary free-form brick church [that] forms the nucleus of the most important cluster of their buildings' surviving. The lychgate and rectory that adjoin the main church are also of architectural significance, and each is on the register of protected buildings in its own right. See also Grade I listed churches in Greater Manchester Listed buildings in Denton, Greater Manchester List of churches in Greater Manchester References Category:Churches completed in 1881 Category:Buildings and structures in Tameside Category:Grade I listed churches in Greater Manchester Category:Church of England church buildings in Greater Manchester Category:Gothic Revival church buildings in Greater Manchester Category:Anglican Diocese of Manchester Category:1881 establishments in England

Moncodeno Moncodeno (Moncoeuden in Lombard) is the northern mountain slope of the Grigna, part of the Bergamasque Alps in the province of Lecco, Lombardy, northern Italy. Mostly located in the administrative territory of the municipality of Esino Lario, a small part is situated in Cortenova. The geography is mainly karst and there are hundreds of caves. The most notable of these are the Alto Releccio, with a depth of , making it one of the deepest caves in Italy, as well as the "Icebox of Moncodeno", a cave, visited by Leonardo da Vinci that stays icy even in summer. History In 1881, the 14th Congress of Italian mountaineers convened in Milan. The delegates of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) were invited to attend a ceremony in Lombardy in the area known to the scientific world for the studies of Milan's CAI section president, the abbot and Lecco geologist, Antonio Stoppani, who founded the Capanna Moncodeno (hut). It is the first refuge built for Grigna researchers. The hut was destroyed by an avalanche in 1897. The Monza CAI rebuilt it closeby in 1906 and named it Capanna Monza. This was set on fire and destroyed again by the Fascists in 1944. A new building was rebuilt and opened in 1951, named Rifugio Arnaldo Bogani. References Bibliography Itinerari naturalistici in Moncodeno, Comunità Montana Valsassina Valvarrone Val d'Esino Riviera, 2003. Pietro Buzzoni, Andrea Spandri, Giuseppe Carì, Calcare d'autore, Comunità Montana Valsassina Valvarrone Val d'Esino Riviera, 2007. External links Official website Parco Regionale della Grigna at parcogrigna.it (in Italian) Category:Mountains of Lombardy Category:Lecco

2018 World Masters Orienteering Championships The World Masters Orienteering Championships 2018 was the 23rd World Masters Orienteering Championships(WMOC) organised and held in Denmark with 4200 participants from 45 countries. The WMOC is an annual international orienteering competition and the official world championship for orienteering runners above the age of 35. This is the largest orienteering event ever held on Danish soil. The champions were coming from 23 countries. The Danish organizers were using the WMOC as a promotional opportunity and arranged around the event several local competitions for the Danish public, which attracted participation in all ages. Sprint The sprint competitions took place in Hørsholm north of Copenhagen (qualifications) and in central Copenhagen (finals). 25 champions were celebrated the first final day 8 July 2018. MEN M35 WOMEN W35 MEN M40 WOMEN W40 MEN M45 WOMEN W45 MEN M50 WOMEN W50 MEN M55 WOMEN W55 MEN M60 WOMEN W60 MEN M65 WOMEN W65 MEN M70 WOMEN W70 MEN M75 WOMEN W75 MEN M80 WOMEN W80 MEN M85 WOMEN W85 MEN M90 WOMEN W90 MEN M95 Middle distance Middle Final took place in Tisvilde Hegn situated on the north coast of the island Zealand. Famous from numerous big events throughout the history, Tisvilde Hegn is legendary in Danish Orienteering for its special vegetation and characteristic contour features. 24 champions were celebrated the second final day 11 July 2018. MEN M35 WOMEN W35 MEN M40 WOMEN W40 MEN M45 WOMEN W45 MEN M50 WOMEN W50 MEN M55 WOMEN W55 MEN M60 WOMEN W60 MEN M65 WOMEN W65 MEN M70 WOMEN W70 MEN M75 WOMEN W75 MEN M80 WOMEN W80 MEN M85 WOMEN W85 MEN M90 WOMEN W90 Long distance The long distance final took place in the classic Grib forest, which is one of the largest in Denmark. The terrain is typical for eastern Denmark and yet challenging due to its complex varieties of vegetation – from thick spruce forest to hilly, yet fast old beech forest areas. Despite the fact that wood cutting has been extensive over the previous years, large areas of old spruce still provides for fast running. 24 champions were celebrated the third final day 13 July 2018. MEN M35 WOMEN W35 MEN M40 WOMEN W40 MEN M45 WOMEN W45 MEN M50 WOMEN W50 MEN M55 WOMEN W55 MEN M60 WOMEN W60 MEN M65 WOMEN W65 MEN M70 WOMEN W70 MEN M75 WOMEN W75 MEN M80 WOMEN W80 MEN M85 WOMEN W85 MEN M90 WOMEN W90 References External links Category:Orienteering competitions

Canon EF 85mm lens The EF 85mm lenses are a group of medium telephoto prime lenses made by Canon Inc. that share the same focal length. These lenses have an EF type mount that fits the Canon EOS line of cameras. This 85mm focal length is "perfect for portraiture" as labeled by Canon and practicing professionals, due to the focal length creating just the right perspective for both the subject and the background. The 85mm is most commonly used for head and shoulder type portraiture, upper torso portraiture and selective floral photography. It will commonly be found in the kits of photographers that shoot wedding, birthdays, and other events involving people. These photographers would also carry a 70-200mm for complementing the longer focal lengths and when extremely shallow depth of field is not needed. EF 85mm 1.2L USM The EF 85mm 1.2L USM is a professional L series lens. Canon markets it as their "definitive portraiture lens". The lead optical engineer at Canon who led the design team for this lens was a fashion photographer, and his intention was to design a lens that would be the definitive lens for fashion photography. This required a completely new design that would take a new direction from Canon's previous 85mm lens designs. A new element was placed in the lens to give bokeh that was unlike any of the other lenses that fashion photographers had used before. This new large element required a new clutched electronic manual focusing mechanism that was only used on Canon's 50mm f/1.0 to handle the large specialized element. When it finally hit the market, it was the only lens in the industry that was explicitly designed for fashion photography. It is the longer of the only two 1.2 lenses Canon makes, other being the 50mm 1.2L USM. This lens is constructed with a metal body and mount, and with rubber gripping and plastic extremities. It features a wide rubber focusing ring and a distance window with infrared index. Featuring a circular 8-blade diaphragm, and a maximum aperture of 1.2, this lens is capable of maintaining sharpness and image quality at low apertures. The lens' depth of field allows distinct focus on the subject, while providing a beautiful bokeh. The optical construction of this lens contains 8 lens elements, including one ground and polished aspherical lens element, which makes this lens extremely sharp when stopped down to about 2. This lens uses a floating front extension focusing system, powered by a ring type USM motor. Auto focus speed of this lens is on the slow side when compared to most ring USM lenses, and photographing fast moving targets can be quite challenging with this lens. Manual focusing is done by wire: this lens does not have a direct mechanical connection to the focusing ring, but instead detects the rotation of the focusing ring and uses the autofocus motor to drive the lens elements. While full-time manual focus is available, the lens cannot be focused when the camera is off. The front of the lens does not rotate, but does extend when focusing. EF 85 mm 1.2L II USM The newer EF 85mm 1.2L II USM version, which is aesthetically the same as the EF 85 mm 1.2L USM, is updated with a newer CPU, 1.8 times faster autofocus, and upgraded anti-reflective lens coatings to reduce chromatic aberration, ghosting, and lens flare.This lens was used prominently in the independent feature film Marianne which was shot using a Canon EOS 7D. EF 85mm 1.8 USM The EF 85mm 1.8 USM is a consumer level lens. It is the shorter sister

to the EF 100mm 2.0 USM, and is designed very similarly. It is constructed with a plastic body and a metal mount. This lens features a distance window with infrared index. An 8 blade, maximum aperture of 1.8, gives this lens the ability to create depth of field effects. The optical construction of this lens contains 9 lens elements, without any special lens elements. It uses an internal focusing system (meaning that the front of the lens neither rotates nor extends when focusing), powered by a ring type USM motor. Auto focus speed of this lens is very fast. The plastic casing of the lens has changed over the lens's production. Starting with a smooth plastic (akin to early EOS cameras like the EOS 1000). Later the casing was changed to a textured matte plastic (much like the Canon EF 50mm f1.8 STM), date when the change happened is unknown. In addition to portraiture, the lens is also suited for indoor sports photography, particularly on a cropped sensor, due to its focal length, fast autofocus, and fast aperture, and for photos in social situations, due to its fast aperture (thus usable in dark interiors) and quiet operation (hence minimizes disruption). In terms of aberrations, the lens suffers from noticeable vignetting when used wide-open on full frame cameras, though this is significantly reduced when used on a cropped sensor or stopped down to f/2.8 or f/4. The lens also suffers from purple fringing in high-contrast lighting, such as chrome, water, and black-and-white. EF 85mm f/1.4L IS USM The EF 85mm 1.4L IS USM is the latest addition to this series. It was announced on August 29, 2017. The lens has 1/3 of a stop less than the f/1.2 siblings, but the image stabilization gives sharp pictures with up to four stops' longer exposure. The f/1.2 versions thus have a slight edge in reduced depth-of-field and reducing subject motion blur, while the f/1.4 IS has a huge advantage in low light. Specifications See also Canon EF Portrait Lenses Canon EF 200mm lens Canon EF 135mm lens Canon EF 100mm lens Canon EF 50mm lens Canon EF 35mm lens Canon EF 24mm lens Canon EF 14mm lens References EF/EF-S lens chart Canon Camera Museum External links Canon EF 85mm f/1.8 USM, DPhoto Journal – list of reviews Canon EF 85/1.2L II USM Lens Review, by Bryan Carnathan Canon EF 85/1.2L II USM Technical Review by Photozone Canon EF 85mm f/1.8 USM - Review / Test Report, photozone – detailed performance data Category:Canon EF lenses

Axel Johannes Malmquist Axel Johannes Malmquist (19 October 1882, in Hammars parish, Örebro county – 24 February 1952, in Solna) was a Swedish mathematician working in the area of ordinary differential equations. He studied in the University of Stockholm in 1900-1907 and obtained PhD in Stockholm in 1909. He worked in the university of Stockholm in 1903-1913, and then became a professor in the Stockholm Institute of Technology. His most famous results are Malmquist theorems on first order algebraic differential equations, and discovery of Hamiltonian structure of Painleve equations. References External links A. Johannes Malmquist (in Swedish) Category:1882 births Category:1952 deaths Category:20th-century Swedish mathematicians Category:People from Askersund Municipality Category:Stockholm University alumni Category:Stockholm University faculty

Steve Marino (American football) Steve Marino (born August 24, 1949) is a former American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Westfield State University in Westfield, Massachusetts from 1990 to 2013, compiling a record of 119–115–1. Head coaching record College References External links Westfield State profile Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:Western New England Golden Bears football coaches Category:Westfield State Owls football coaches Category:High school football coaches in Massachusetts

Ganamurti Ganamurti (pronounced gānamūrti, meaning the idol of music) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 3rd Melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Gānasāmavarāḷi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music. Structure and Lakshana It is the 3rd rāgam in the 1st chakra Indu. The mnemonic name is Indu-Go. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra ga ma pa dha nu. Its structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms): : : The notes used in this scale are shuddha rishabham, shuddha gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, kakali nishadham. As it is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Jhalavarali, which is the 39th melakarta. Asampurna Melakarta Gānasāmavarāḷi is the 3rd Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the ascending scale is different. It is an shadava-sampurna raga (6 notes in ascending scale, while full 7 are used in descending scale). : : Janya rāgams Ganamurti has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Ganamoorti. Compositions Gānamoorthe sri krishna by Thyagaraja is a popular composition sung in concerts, set to Ganamurti. Pāhi Jagadİswarā by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna in Ādi Tala Brihadiswara rakshatuma in Eka tala by Muthuswami Dikshitar is a composition set to Gānasāmavarāḷi scale. Related rāgams This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam. Ganamurti's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 other melakarta rāgams, namely, Vishwambari and Shamalangi. Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Ganamurti. Notes References Category:Melakarta Ragas

Phineus (mythology) In Greek mythology, Phineus (; , ) was the name of the following figures: Phineus, king of Thrace who was visited by Jason and the Argonauts. Phineus, son of Belus who was turned to stone by Perseus. Phineus, one of the sons of Lycaon. See also Phineus (disambiguation) Phineas (disambiguation) Phinehas (disambiguation) References Category:Characters in Greek mythology

Eve de Castro-Robinson Eve de Castro-Robinson (born 9 November 1956 in London, England) is a New Zealand composer, professor and graphic designer. Her compositions include orchestral, vocal, chamber and electroacoustic works. She studied at the University of Auckland, where in 1991 she became the first person to receive a DMus from the University. She is Associate Professor of Composition at the University of Auckland. A "de Castro-Robinson Portrait" concert was held at the New Zealand International Festival of the Arts in Wellington in 2004 and a 50th birthday concert was held at the University of Auckland in 2006. Besides teaching and composing, she also reviews music, speaks and broadcasts on music. She has published a number of professional articles in Canzona and Music in New Zealand. De Castro-Robinson is a member of the SOUNZ board of trustees. She has been Secretary of the Composers Association of New Zealand, Convenor of the Nelson Composers’ Workshop, and currently directs the Karlheinz Company, the University of Auckland's resident contemporary music ensemble. Honors and awards Philip Neill Memorial Prize 1987 Auckland Philharmonia Composer in Residence 1991 Philip Neill Memorial Prize 1993 SOUNZ Contemporary Award 1998 CANZ Trust Fund Award 2000 SOUNZ Contemporary Award 2006 SOUNZ Contemporary Award 2007 Works Len Lye chamber opera Chaos of Delight for chamber ensemble Other Echoes for orchestra a pink-lit phase for flute, viola and harp Chaos of Delight III for women's voices Five Responses for women's voices, male speaker, and mixed ensemble Len Songs for mezzo-soprano, clarinet, violin and piano Noah's Ark for large chamber ensemble Other echoes, fanfare for orchestra Releasing the Angel for cello and orchestra Split the Lark for violin and piano Triple Clarinet Concerto for E flat clarinet, B flat clarinet, bass clarinet and orchestra Tumbling Strains for violin and cello Discography 2018: The Gristle of Knuckles (Rattle Records RAT-D078) 2016: I Stayed A Minute (Rattle Records RAT-D063) 2013: Other echoes (Atoll Records ACD300) 2011: Releasing the Angel (Atoll Records ACD141) Finalist in the 2012 NZ Music Awards, Best Classical Album 1998: Chaos of Delight (Atoll Records A9806) References External links Interview with Eve de Castro Robinson for the Cultural Icons project. Audio and video. Category:1956 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century classical composers Category:New Zealand music teachers Category:Female classical composers Category:New Zealand classical composers Category:20th-century women musicians Category:Women music educators

Senwabarwana Senwabarwana (also known as Bochum) is a town in the Blouberg Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The town is the seat of the Blouberg Local Municipality. It is located about 93 km northwest of the city Polokwane, on the route to Doringpad. Etymology The colonial name may refer to the German industrial city of Bochum or be a corruption of Bochim, a biblical name (Judges 2:1 and 5). The place was named by the German missionary Carl Franz and his wife Helene to a mission station they established there in 1890. The majority language group of the area, Northern Sotho peopleand they refer themselves as Bahananwa, call the town Senwabarwana, a commemorative name for an incident that took place in a pond where the Khoi people found and drank water in their travelling, thus passing by. Due to their height they are proclaimed dwarf by natives which literally means Morwana in Northern Sotho(Sepedi) and in a plural form is Barwana, hence Senwabarwana"''. History German missionary Carl Franz and his wife Helene founded a hospital that used to cater for people with leprosy. The missionary station was part of the attempts of the Berlin Missionary Society to christianize Southern Africa in the 19th century. The hospital is now known as Helene-Franz hospital. It has a bad reputation because of its high mortality rates stats and it is often referred by old people as "the hospital of death". The hospital offers basic primary health care. The town grew around the hospital, founded by a strong black businessman named Mr. Stanley Thema, who initially started the very first building in the area and later expanded to businesses. Bochum is now one of the fastest-growing rural towns in the world. The place is also known for its diverse people from chieftaincies such as Ga-Manthata, Ga-Matlala, Ga-Mmalebogo, Makgababeng, Moletši and the small town of Mogwadi. Institutions of Higher Education TVET Colleges Capricorn TVET College Senwabarwana Campus. Training Colleges New Life Computer Training College. Institutions of Basic Education Secondary Phala Secondary School. Phagamang Secondary School. Kgolothwane Secondary School. Tema Secondary School Matthew Phosa Secondary School Maleboho Senior Secondary School. Primary Kgebetli. Senwabarwana. Tefu Primary School. Special Needs Schools Ratanang. Helen Franz. Health Institutions Helen Franz Hospital. Blouberg Hospital. Shopping Centers Blouberg Mall. Bochum Plaza. Notable people Punch Masenamela, a professional soccer player. Clement Maosa, a popular SABC TV actor. Mamphela Ramphele, an anti-apartheid activist and politician. Selaelo Selota, a veteran jazz musician. DJ Cleo, a famous house music artist. raseruthe samuel keneth from sweethome ===whse consultants cc[OHs References Category:Populated places in the Blouberg Local Municipality

2019 Movistar Team season The 2019 season for began in January at the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour. Team roster Riders who joined the team for the 2019 season Riders who left the team during or after the 2018 season Season victories National, Continental and World champions 2019 Footnotes References External links Category:2019 road cycling season by team Category:2019 in Spanish road cycling Category:Movistar Team (men's team)

Alexis HK Alexis Djoshkounian better known by his stage name Alexis HK (born 2 April 1974 in Yvelines, France) is a French singer-songwriter. Career Alexis Djoshkounian started music at early age. In 1997, he was discovered by Olaf Hund, the manager of Musiques Hybrides label where he recorded his debut album Anti-héros notoire under the pseudonyme Alexis Hashka. A limited production, he sold it during his tours. "C'que t'es belle" was used in the compilation album Petites scènes en chanson increasing his popularity. He toured for various concerts between 1998 and 2000, accompanied by Emmanuel "Mana" Chabbey (double bass), Philippe Létang (bass, guitar), Peyo Lissarrague (percussions, drums) and brothers and Trad'Ouir members Marc Riou (percussions, flute) and Grégoire Riou (accordion). His second album Belle Ville was released in 2002 again by Hund. With greater success of the follow-up album he signed with Labels, who also re-edited and issued his debut album again, adding three more bonus tracks and a music video remake for the successful single "C'que t'es belle". Hashka (shortened as HK) launched further promotional tours, also being featured at music festival including "Printemps de Bourges" and Les Francofolies de La Rochelle. In 2004, still with Labels, he added further musicians Jérome Boivin the double bass player of Java and the guitar player Sébastien Martel as well as Norwegian singer Silje Grepp in his tours, and in 2005 released C'que t'es belle en live that included many live pieces recorded during a session with radio station FIP (also known as France Inter Paris). In 2007, he opened for singer Renan Luce. On 23 March 2009, he released his album Les Affranchis produced by Matthieu Ballet with Alexis HK band musicians Philippe Entressangle, Simon Mary, Pierre Sangra, Joseph Racaille, Jerome Bensoussan and invitees Liz Cherhal and Renan Luce as backing vocals. This was followed by an extensive tour that ended with a concert at l'Olympia in Paris on 6 December 2010. 2011 saw another 2-month tour under the title Seuls à trois with Renan Luce and Benoît Dorémus. In September 2012, he released his album Le dernier présent with the title track pre-released as a single. Personal life Alexis Djoshkounian is a French singer of Armenian origin. He is companion of Liz Cherhal. With her, he has written a book CD for children under the title Ronchonchon et compagnie. Juliette, Jehan and Loïc Lantoine also took part in the recording. He has also made a 52-minute auto-portrait documentary titled Ainsi parlait... Alexis HK that was directed by Serge Gauthier-Pavlov and released through "L'AUTRE Film". He has also contributed to Bordel, a literary magazine published by Frédéric Beigbeder and Stéphane Million. Discography Albums Studio albums Live albums Book albums (songs and spoken text album) Singles References Category:French male singers Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:French people of Armenian descent Category:21st-century French singers Category:21st-century male singers

Hellen Lukoma Hellen Lukoma is a Ugandan, actress, model, fashion designer and singer. She is well known for her roles as Patra on The Hostel, Hellen Mutungi on Beneath The Lies. She rose to fame as a member of the all girl music group The Obsessions before venturing into modelling, fashion design and acting. Filmography Film Television References External links Category:Living people Category:Ugandan film actresses Category:Ugandan television actresses Category:People from Kampala Category:Ugandan television presenters Category:Ugandan television personalities Category:21st-century Ugandan actresses Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Women television presenters

Reverse logistics Reverse logistics is for all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is "the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal. Remanufacturing and refurbishing activities also may be included in the definition of reverse logistics." Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply chain management concepts and practices make it all the more relevant. The number of publications on the topic of reverse logistics have increased significantly over the past two decades. The first use of the term "reverse logistics" in a publication was by James R. Stock in a White Paper titled "Reverse Logistics," published by the Council of Logistics Management in 1992. The concept was further refined in subsequent publications by Stock (1998) in another Council of Logistics Management book, titled Development and Implementation of Reverse Logistics Programs, and by Rogers and Tibben-Lembke (1999) in a book published by the Reverse Logistics Association titled Going Backwards: Reverse Logistics Trends and Practices. The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surplus as well as returned equipment and machines from the hardware leasing business. Normally, logistics deal with events that bring the product towards the customer. In the case of reverse logistics, the resource goes at least one step back in the supply chain. For instance, goods move from the customer to the distributor or to the manufacturer. When a manufacturer's product normally moves through the supply chain network, it is to reach the distributor or customer. Any process or management after the delivery of the product involves reverse logistics. If the product is defective, the customer would return the product. The manufacturing firm would then have to organise shipping of the defective product, testing the product, dismantling, repairing, recycling or disposing the product. The product would travel in reverse through the supply chain network in order to retain any use from the defective product. The logistics for such matters is reverse logistics. Business implications In today's marketplace, many retailers treat merchandise returns as individual, disjointed transactions. "The challenge for retailers and vendors is to process returns at a proficiency level that allows quick, efficient and cost-effective collection and return of merchandise. Customer requirements facilitate demand for a high standard of service that includes accuracy and timeliness. It’s the logistic company's responsibility to shorten the link from return origination to the time of resell." By following returns management best practices, retailers can achieve a returns process that addresses both the operational and customer retention issues associated with merchandise returns. Further, because of the connection between reverse logistics and customer retention, it has become a key component within Service Lifecycle Management (SLM), a business strategy aimed at retaining customers by bundling even more coordination of a company's services data together to achieve greater efficiency in its operations. Reverse logistics is more than just returns management, it is "activities related to returns avoidance, gatekeeping, disposal and all other after-market supply chain issues". Returns management—increasingly being recognized as affecting competitive positioning—provides an important link between marketing and logistics. The broad nature of its cross-functional impact suggests that firms would benefit by improving internal integration efforts. In particular, a firm's ability to react to and plan for the influence of external factors on the returns management process is improved by such internal integration. In a firm's planning for returns, a primary factor is the remaining value of the material returning and how to recover that value. "Returned goods, or elements of the product, could even be returned to suppliers and supply chain partners for them

to re-manufacture". Third-party logistics providers see that up to 7% of an enterprise's gross sales are captured by return costs. Almost all reverse logistics contracts are customized to fit the size and type of company contracting. The 3PL's themselves realize 12% to 15% profits on this business. "Studies have shown that an average of 4% to 6% of all retail purchases are returned, costing the industry about $40 billion per year." Reverse logistics research has also found that 84.6 percent of companies in the United States use secondary market and 70 percent see the secondary market as a "competitive advantage." Return of unsold goods In certain industries, goods are distributed to downstream members in the supply chain with the understanding that the goods may be returned for credit if they are not sold e.g., newspapers and magazines. This acts as an incentive for downstream members to carry more stock, because the risk of obsolescence is borne by the upstream supply chain members. However, there is also a distinct risk attached to this logistics concept. The downstream member in the supply chain might exploit the situation by ordering more stock than is required and returning large volumes. In this way, the downstream partner is able to offer high level of service without carrying the risks associated with large inventories. The supplier effectively finances the inventory for the downstream member. It is therefore important to analyze customers’ accounts for hidden costs. Reusable packaging Reusable packaging systems require a closed-loop logistics system. Examples include reusable pallets, bulk boxes such as Euro containers, Reusable bottles for milk, soda, and beer, compressed gas cylinders, beer kegs, etc. Refusal of the products in the cash on delivery (COD) In case of e-commerce business, many websites offer the flexibility of cash on delivery (COD) to their customers. Sometimes customers refuse the product at the time of delivery, as there is no commitment to take the product. Then the logistics service provider follows the process of reverse logistics on the refused cargo. It is also known as Return to Origin (RTO). In this process, the e-commerce company adds the refused cargo to its inventory stock again, after proper quality checks per the company's rules. Reverse Logistics for Demonstrations In case of the Demonstration of Products to the client as part of Pre-Sales process, The Demonstration equipment is sent to the Customer and has to be returned to maintain Revolving Inventory. References External links Glossary of the Reverse Logistics Executive Council Category:Supply chain management Category:Recycling Category:Waste management concepts

Aliettite Aliettite is a complex phyllosilicate mineral of the smectite group with a formula of (Ca0.2Mg6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·4H2O) or [Mg3Si4O10(OH)2](Ca0.5,Na)0.33(Al,Mg,Fe2+)2–3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·n(H2O). It is a soft, colorless to pale yellow or green earthy mineral which crystallizes in the monoclinic system as minute tabular to platy crystals. It was first described in 1968 for an occurrence in Monte Chiaro, Albareto, Parma Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy and named for the Italian mineralogist Andrea Alietti (born 1923). It occurs in serpentinized ophiolites and their residual soil. It also occurs in altered dolomite. Associated minerals include talc, chlorite, serpentine and calcite. In addition to the type locality in Italy it has been reported from Kinshasa, Katanga; the Chelyabinsk Oblast of the southern Urals and the Turii alkaline Massif of the Kola Peninsula in Russia; the Zirabulak Mountains of Uzbekistan; and the Goldstrike Mine of Eureka County, Nevada, US. References Category:Smectite group Category:Hexagonal minerals

Sorter Sorter may refer to: Sorter (logistics), a system that sorts products according to destination Card sorter, a machine to sort computer punched card Cash sorter machine, a machine used for sorting banknotes Coin sorter, a machine used for sorting coins Keirsey Temperament Sorter, a self-assessed personality questionnaire Sorting algorithm, an algorithm to put elements of a list into order See also Sort (disambiguation)

Tebicuary River The Tebicuary River (Spanish: Río Tebicuary), a tributary of Paraguay River is a river in Paraguay. Located in the southwestern part of that country, it flows eastwards discharging to Paraguay River about 45 km south of Formosa and 30 km north of Pilar. The San Rafael National Park in the river's upper basin. See also List of rivers of Paraguay References Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993. Category:Rivers of Paraguay Category:Tributaries of the Paraguay River

Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project () is a 1,450 MW run-of-the-river hydropower connected to the Indus River about west of Attock in Punjab and east of Swabi and Haripur districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Construction of the project that began in 1995 consists of 5 generators each with a maximum power generation capacity of 290MW. Inauguration of the plant on 19 August 2003 by President General Pervez Musharraf also saw the commissioning of the first 2 of the 5 generators i.e. Unit 1 and Unit 2. The last generator was commissioned on 6 April 2004 and the project was completed by that December. It cost US$2.1 billion with funding from Pakistan's Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau, European Investment Bank and Islamic Development Bank. About 1,600 cubic meter per second of water is diverted from the Indus River near the town of Ghazi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, about 7 km downstream of Tarbela Dam (3,478 MW). It then runs through a 100 metre wide and 9 metre deep open power channel which is entirely concrete along its 52 km length down to the village of Barotha where the power complex is located. In the reach from Ghazi to Barotha, the Indus River inclines by 76 meters over a distance of 63 km. After passing through the powerhouse, the water is returned to the Indus. In addition to these main works, transmission lines stretch 225 km. The World Bank classed it "A" for adequate attention to environmental and social issues. The feasibility report was prepared in 1993 during the first tenure of Benazir Bhutto's administration and the Government of Pakistan entered into an agreement for the financing and construction of the project on 7 March 1996. Main Features Overview About 1,600 cubic meter per second of water is diverted from the Indus River near the town of Ghazi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa about 7 km downstream of Tarbela Dam (3,478 MW). It then runs through a 100 metre wide and 9 metre deep open power channel down to the village of Barotha where the power complex is located. In the reach from Ghazi to Barotha, the Indus River inclines by 76 meters over a distance of 63 km. After passing through the powerhouse, the water is returned to the Indus. In addition to these main works, transmission lines stretch 225 km. Construction Costs It cost US$2.25 billion with most cost contribution coming from Pakistan's own Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) of US$1.1 billion. Other contributors World Bank's loan of $350 million, Asian Development Bank's loan of $300 million, Japan Bank of International Cooperation offering of $350 million, Islamic Development Bank, KFW Germany's contribution of $150 million and European Investment Bank raised a total sum of 1.1 billion dollars for the project. The construction of a 225 km, 500kV transmission line, a new 500/22kV substation, and the extension of two further substations was partially funded ($30 million) by the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development in late 1998. Construction Partners A number of countries worked on the project The power house and civil works were constructed by China's Dongfang Electric Corporation; a 51.90 km power channel that took water from the river and then returned it after running it through a battery of Francis turbines was constructed by Italy; turbines came from Germany; and Japan supplied Toshiba generators. 5 steel reinforced penstocks each measuring 10.6m in diameter were supplied by Austrian VA Tech Voest. Barrage The Barrage located 7 km downstream of Tarbela Dam, provides a pond which re-regulates the

daily discharge from Tarbela by diverting the flow into the Power Channel, adding compensation water during the low flow seasons. The principal features include 20 No. standard bays, 8 No. under sluices and 8 No. head regulator bays in addition to rim embankments, fuse plug and dividing island. The Barrage can pass the design flood of 18,700 cumecs, equivalent to the flood of record. The fuse plug has been provided to pass the extreme flood up to the capacity of Tarbela’s spillway and tunnels equalling 46,200 cumecs. Power Channel The channel is 51.90 km long with a concrete lining and design flow of up to 1600 cumecs at a water depth of 9m. It has a bottom width of 58.4m. The Power Channel has a nearly contour alignment with hills on the left side and the land naturally draining towards the Indus River on the right side. Turbines and Generators The station has an assembly of five 295MW Francis turbines. To operate the power station, water from the Indus is directed to the turbines via a 52 km-long canal and five pressure pipelines, each measuring 10.6m in diameter. The head of water at the power station is 69 m. The flow rate through each turbine at rated power is 485 m³/s, with each turbine runner having a diameter of 6.5m. The five units have an outer diameter of 10.6m, a total weight of 9,300 tonnes. Comparison to Tarbela The primary purpose of the project was to provide constant peak power at times when Tarbela is generating low. Furthermore, it must be kept in mind the sole purpose of Tarbela Dam is to provide water for irrigation. At times when irrigation requirement is low, water flow through the channel is low and so is the power generation. It is also possible to have no power generation from Tarbela. During the months of May and June when there is reduced generation of power from Tarbela and Mangla as a result of low reservoir levels. This brings us to the most outstanding feature of this project is that it will provide power peaking capacity throughout the year with full power generation. Environmental aspects The project has negligible impact on existing groundwater table or quality of water due to complete length of the power channel being concrete-based. adding to the benefits, the power channel under drainage system also helped alleviate existing water-logging problems in this part of the region. Dislocation and resettlement problems are also very small, only 110 dwellings had to be relocated to 3 villages constructed by WAPDA nearby. It is the most cost-effective power facility in Pakistan at this time and remains valid in retrospect due to the extremely favourable power generation costs in comparison with thermal power stations. See also List of hydroelectric power stations List of power stations in Pakistan References External links ADB Ghazi-Barotha Project Completion Report Mott MacDonald Data on Ghazi-Barotha Power Technology Data on Ghazi-Barotha WAPDA Data on Ghazi-Barotha Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2004 Category:Dams on the Indus River Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Pakistan Category:Run-of-the-river power stations Category:2004 establishments in Pakistan Category:Dams completed in 2003 Category:Embankment dams Category:Attock District Category:Energy in Punjab, Pakistan

Markle Castle Markle Castle, or Markle is a ruined 14th-century castle, about near the hamlet of Markle, north west of East Linton, East Lothian, Scotland, near the East Coast Main Line. History Óengus II is reputed to have rested his army in this area before the battle in 832 at which the Cross of St Andrew was said to have appeared. Markle was build by the Hepburns. Its ownership was closely associated with Hailes Castle, which is nearby. The English burnt Markle in 1401 and 1544. In the first attack in 1401 Henry Percy (Hotspur) was colluding with George de Dunbar, 11th Earl of Dunbar & March. The second attack was during the Rough Wooing, when the English were led by Lord Hertford. Markle was burnt on the morning of 17 May 1544 by the English army, after they had set fires in Leith and Edinburgh. On the same day Haddington, Stenton, "Bentestoun" (Stevenson), and Prestonpans were burnt. By 1588 Markle was shown as a Clan Stewart property in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland; the last reference to it in the register is for 1635. Markle was in the possession of the rebel earl Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell, and in September 1594 James VI gave Hailes Castle, Morham, Traprain, and Markle to Walter Scott of Buccleuch. In November 1600 Robert Hepburn was resident at the nearby "Place of Markle" when his kinsmen abducted Margaret Carkettle from Monkrigg and brought her to Markle, treating her in "abominable and destable form". Structure A few fragments of the walls of Markle remain on a rocky mound. The remains of the 14th century tower house forms a courtyard with the 16th-century hall. There was once a fortified ditch. There were monastic buildings of which no traces remain. See also Castles in Great Britain and Ireland List of castles in Scotland References Category:Castles in East Lothian

Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal The Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal involved Lawrence Franklin passing classified documents regarding United States policy towards Iran to Israel. Franklin, a former United States Department of Defense employee, pleaded guilty to several espionage-related charges and was sentenced in January 2006 to nearly 13 years of prison, which was later reduced to ten months' house arrest. Franklin passed information to American Israel Public Affairs Committee policy director Steven Rosen and AIPAC senior Iran analyst Keith Weissman, who later were fired by AIPAC. They were later indicted for illegally conspiring to gather and disclose classified national security information to Israel. However, prosecutors later dropped all charges against them without any plea bargain. On June 11, prosecutors asked Judge Ellis to reduce Franklin's sentence to eight years for his cooperation. Judge Ellis said the dropping of the case against Rosen and Weissman was a "significant" factor in the sentencing of Franklin and sentenced him to ten months' house arrest along with 100 hours of community service. Ellis said Franklin's community service should consist of "speaking to young people about the importance of public officials obeying the law". Background On August 27, 2004, CBS News broke a story about a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigation into a possible spy in the U.S. Department of Defense working for Israel. The story reported that the FBI had uncovered a spy working as a policy analyst under Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Douglas Feith and then-Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz. He was later identified as Lawrence Franklin, who had previously served as an attaché at the U.S. embassy in Israel and was one of two mid-level Pentagon officials in the Office of the Secretary of Defense responsible for Iran policy in the office's Northern Gulf directorate. Franklin has pleaded guilty to passing on oral information about a classified presidential directive, and other sensitive information pertaining to U.S. deliberations on foreign policy regarding Iran to AIPAC, who in turn provided the information to Israel. FBI sources have indicated that the year-long investigation was actively underway when the CBS News story broke. Franklin never passed any documents to AIPAC, only oral information. According to FBI surveillance tapes, in 2003 Franklin relayed top-secret information orally to Rosen and Keith Weissman, a senior Iran analyst with AIPAC, while at the Tivoli Restaurant in Arlington, Virginia. On 27 August, the FBI raided Rosen's office, copying his personal computer's hard drive. According to The New York Times, Lawrence Franklin was one of two U.S. officials who held meetings with Iranian dissidents, including Paris-based arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar, a key figure in the Iran–Contra affair. These Pentagon-approved meetings were brokered by neoconservative Michael Ledeen of the American Enterprise Institute, who had also played a part in Iran-Contra, and is said to have taken place in Paris in June 2003. The Jerusalem Post reported that the purpose of the meetings was to "undermine a pending deal that the White House had been negotiating with the Iranian government", specifically, an exchange of high-ranking al-Qaeda members in Iranian custody in return for a stop to U.S. support of the anti-Iranian Mujahideen al-Khalq fighters in Iraq. The Jerusalem Post article dated the beginning of the FBI investigation to this secret meeting, which the public first learned about in August 2003. Franklin had previously been assigned to a unit tasked with the Pentagon's Iraq policy, raising concern that he might have been used to influence the war on Iraq, although Pentagon officials have maintained that he was in no position to influence policy. (See also Office of Special Plans.) On August 30,

2004, Israeli officials admitted that Franklin had met repeatedly with Naor Gilon, head of the political department at the Israeli Embassy in Washington and a specialist on Iran's nuclear programs, but point out that this was completely appropriate activity for the two Iran specialists. A Newsweek report indicates that Gilon was under FBI surveillance and that Franklin only became a target after these meetings. It has been suggested that Franklin's motivations may have been ideological or personal, rather than financial. An unnamed U.S. intelligence official told Newsweek: "for whatever reason, the guy hates Iran [the Iranian government] passionately." Franklin's security clearance was revoked, although he was not fired, merely demoted. The FBI investigation continued until May 5 when he was arrested and charged with giving away top-secret information. The indictment revealed that the investigation had been going on since 1999, and suggested that other individuals at AIPAC, the Defense Department and the Israeli embassy had been involved as well. The indictment also alleged that Kenneth Pollack, a National Security Council staffer during the Clinton administration (and director of research at the Brookings Institution's Saban Center for Middle East Policy) provided information to former AIPAC employees Steve J. Rosen and Keith Weissman. This allegation was not part of any of the legal proceeding in this case. Pollack, and a senior State Department official, David Satterfield, were termed "unindicted co-conspirators." Criminal charges On May 3, 2005, the FBI filed criminal charges against Franklin. The complaint alleges that, at a June 26, 2003 lunch, Franklin disclosed classified national defense information related to potential attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq to two unnamed individuals. According to contemporary media reports, the two individuals were Steve J. Rosen and Keith Weissman, who were employed by AIPAC at the time. The complaint also alleged that Franklin disclosed classified information to "a foreign official and members of the media", and that a search of Franklin's home found approximately 83 classified documents. Franklin appeared in court on May 4, 2005. He was released on $100,000 bond. Franklin's lawyer said he would plead not guilty. On August 4, a federal grand jury indicted Franklin on five charges of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 : One count of conspiracy to communicate national defense information to people not entitled to receive it. (18 USC 793 (d), (e) and (g)) Three counts of communicating national defense information to people not entitled to receive it. (18 USC 793) One count of conspiring to communicate national defense information to an agent of a foreign government. (50 US 783, 18 USC 371) After being confronted by the FBI in the spring of 2004, Franklin agreed to cooperate and to pass on fabricated information to selected information. He contacted several individuals, including Weissman, with whom he had not seen in over a year. In July 2004, in the Patisserie of the Pentagon City mall's Nordstroms, Franklin repeated the fabricated information orally to Weissman. Because one item concerned imminent assassination plots against Kurds, Iraqis, and Israelis, Weissman felt obligated to pass that information on to the governments whose citizens he told Weissman were targeted. Rosen was further charged with one count each of the first two, and Weissman with one count of the first charge. Weissman and Rosen remain the only individuals uncharged under 18 USC 793 of the Espionage Act who had never received or passed on any documents, a fact that even their indictment shows. Franklin only provided them with oral information. In addition, Weissman is still the only person in history charged under this law who had never worked for the US government. (Rosen

had done contract work for the Defense Department while working at the Rand Corporation in the late 1970s. According to The Washington Post, "A lawyer familiar with the AIPAC case said administration officials 'want[ed] this case as a precedent so they can have it in their arsenal' and added: 'This as a weapon that can be turned against the media.'" Guilty plea On September 30, 2005, The Washington Post reported that Franklin was negotiating an agreement with prosecutors and would plead guilty to at least the conspiracy charges at a court hearing the following week, after which he would continue his cooperation with prosecutors. He did indeed plead guilty to the three conspiracy counts on October 5, explaining that he had shared his frustrations over U.S. Iran policy with the other two defendants regularly in 2002 and later passed oral information to them he knew was classified in the hope they could get them to employees of the National Security Council who might be able to help force a harder line. He also asked Rosen for help getting him a job at the NSC; Rosen told him politely, "I'll see what I can do," claimed Franklin. Rosen never acted upon this request because Franklin eventually was charged with conspiracy counts. He also passed other classified information along to an Israeli official concerning weapons testing and military activities in Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries. In return, he said, the Israeli official told him far more. Franklin stated that he knew some of the documents and oral information he passed along could be used to the detriment of U.S. national security interests. However, he never passed nor even showed any documents to Weissman or Rosen. On January 20, 2006, Judge T.S. Ellis, III sentenced Franklin to 12 years and 7 months in prison and a $10,000 fine for passing classified information to a pro-Israel lobby group and an Israeli diplomat but Franklin was to remain free pending his cooperation with prosecutors in the cases against Rosen and Weissman. In August, he denied Weissman and Rosen's motion to dismiss their indictment on the grounds that the government could still prosecute and punish those who retransmitted classified information orally regardless of whether they had a security clearance or not, an interpretation of the Espionage Act that could have wide-reaching implications if it were allowed to become legal precedent. A significant problem for the government arose in a pre-trial ruling in August 2006, when veteran trial judge T.S. Ellis III ruled that line to mean that prosecutors had to show that U.S. interests were harmed, not just that Rosen and Weissman relayed secrets to a foreign power: Israel. Relaying secrets to friends of the United States, Ellis ruled, was not in and of itself criminal. For a crime to be committed, he wrote in his opinion, the accused must have sought both benefit to another nation as well as to harm the United States. Ellis' legal rulings set a high bar for the prosecutors, including a requirement to prove that Rosen and Weissman knowingly meant to harm the United States or aid another country. In May 2009, federal prosecutors dropped the charges against Rosen and Weissman, citing that restrictions the judge had placed on the case made a conviction unlikely. Lawyers familiar with the case noted that the prosecutors' case had many other problems as well, most notably that Weissman and Rosen had a very strong defense . On June 11, prosecutors asked Judge Ellis to reduce Franklin's sentence to eight years for his cooperation. Judge Ellis said the dropping of the case against

Rosen and Weissman was a "significant" factor in the sentencing of Franklin and sentenced him to ten months house arrest along with 100 hours of community service. Ellis said Franklin's community service should consist of "speaking to young people about the importance of public officials obeying the law". Franklin's account of events In late 2009, Franklin wrote that his objective was "to halt the rush to war in Iraq—at least long enough to adopt a realistic policy toward an Iran bent on doing us ill", not "to leak secrets to a foreign government". However, the meetings with AIPAC officials in which the pertinent oral information was transmitted, which brought Franklin to the FBI's attention, occurred over three months after the 2003 invasion of Iraq Franklin confirmed that never passed any documents to Weissman and Rosen, only oral information. Accusations denied by AIPAC and Israel The spying charges have been denied by Israel as well as AIPAC. The Israeli Embassy in Washington called the charges "completely false and outrageous" and AIPAC stated the allegations were "baseless and false.” On December 1, 2004, FBI agents raided the offices of AIPAC and seized computer equipment and files of Howard Kohr, the Executive Director, Richard Fishman, Managing Director, Renee Rothstein, Communication Director and Raphael Danziger. Research Director. According to an article published in The Washington Post eight days later, all were suspected of being cut-outs, agents who picked up information from Franklin and passed it on to Israel. The FBI did not bring charges against any of them. There has been at least one case of Israeli espionage in the United States before the AIPAC scandal. Jonathan Pollard, an Israeli spy who worked in the Naval Antiterrorist Alert Center, pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to life in prison in 1987. The incident had a significantly detrimental impact on U.S.–Israeli relations. Israeli officials have stated that the Israeli government terminated all espionage activities in the United States after the Pollard affair. Some believe that Israel's credibility with regard to Franklin is tainted by their insistence in the Pollard case that he likewise was not a spy, a position they maintained for 13 years before admitting, in 1998, that Pollard indeed had been a spy for Israel. Others think the damage that Israel sustained over the Pollard affair makes it unlikely that the country would again jeopardize its relationship with the United States through espionage, and note that the U.S. government has neither registered a protest with the Israelis nor accused its officials of wrongdoing in the AIPAC affair. Pentagon statement: Franklin did not influence policy According to a Pentagon statement, "the investigation involves a single individual at D.O.D. at the desk officer level, who was not in a position to have significant influence over U.S. policy." However, this characterization ignores evidence that while at the Office of Special Plans, Douglas Feith used Larry Franklin for sensitive projects involving foreign citizen contacts, overseas. Context for the investigation Concern about uncontrolled military technology transfers Journalist Jim Lobe suggests that the Franklin story is part of a larger investigation into transfer of sensitive military and dual-use technologies to Israel, including powerful case-management software. A concern is that Israeli companies have then re-sold sensitive U.S.-derived technology to potential U.S. strategic rivals such as Russia and China, and possibly on the black market where it can potentially be obtained by terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. Media reaction The Los Angeles Times felt "the government was right to drop its espionage case ... not because we think spying for Israel should be subjected to a different standard than spying

for other countries, and not because the political ramifications of a conviction were potentially unpleasant. But this was the first prosecution under the Espionage Act of suspects who weren't government employees. ... The fact that Rosen and Weissman are private citizens makes an important distinction. When the judge ruled that the government can punish those outside of the government for the unauthorized receipt and deliberate retransmission of information relating to the national defense,' we couldn't help but take notice." For our part, we're pleased that it's going away—not because we think spying for Israel should be subjected to a different standard than spying for other countries, and not because the political ramifications of a conviction were potentially unpleasant. But this was the first prosecution under the Espionage Act of suspects who weren't government employees. The sole government official involved in this story, Pentagon analyst Lawrence A. Franklin (who initially passed the secrets to the two lobbyists), has already been convicted. Wouldn't that cover news reporting of leaked information? We can understand laws to keep government officials from leaking sensitive secrets, but once that information is out, do we really want to start prosecuting journalists and others who publish it? That sounds more like Britain's Official Secrets Act than an American law consonant with the 1st Amendment. When Congress passed the Espionage Act, it explicitly rejected a version that would have punished newspapers for printing information "useful to the enemy." That was the right decision then, and there's no rationale for undoing it now. Rosen interview In a television interview broadcast in Israel, Rosen said, "What it would have shown is that I did nothing wrong," he said. "Who did something wrong is the people who brought this case, not just that they were incorrect, but that the attitude they had about Jews, Israel, AIPAC, was completely false, and unfortunately, a lot of that nonsense is still out there. "They knew very well that I spoke to the Embassy of Israel, it was no great surprise to them, they also spoke to the embassy," he said. "We would have a triangle, three-way conversation. It was nothing special. It was normal. But these people were talking as if we were a nest of spies, that we were doing something against America." In the interview at his home, Rosen charged that Lawrence Franklin was railroaded into pleading guilty, by threats to harm his family by cutting off his pension. He said federal prosecutors used the same type of tactics against him. "They wanted to destroy me. They forced AIPAC to fire me. They forced AIPAC to cut off my attorneys' fees," he said. "They tried to isolate me, to put me in a situation of desperation where I would have to plead guilty to something I did not do. This happens all the time." Rosen and Weissman may sue the government to recover legal costs, which are estimated at more than $10 million. See also Jonathan Pollard References External links Letting go of the AIPAC case Los Angeles Times Editorial May 7, 2009 Category:George W. Bush administration controversies Category:Israel–United States relations Category:Iran–United States relations Category:American Israel Public Affairs Committee Category:Foreign relations of the United States Category:Espionage scandals and incidents Category:2004 in international relations

List of medical libraries A health or medical library is designed to assist physicians, health professionals, students, patients, consumers, medical researchers, and information specialists in finding health and scientific information to improve, update, assess, or evaluate health care. US & world medical library links Alabama University of Alabama/Birmingham University of South Alabama Alaska Health Sciences Information Service, University of Alaska Anchorage Arizona Arizona Health Information Network University of Arizona Arkansas Arkansas Area Health Education Centers(AHECs) University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences California California Pacific Medical Center/Univ Pacific School Of Dentistry (San Francisco) Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (West Hollywood) Drew University Of Medicine and Science Loma Linda University Lane Medical Library Stanford Hospital Health Library St. John's Regional Medical Center (Oxnard) St. Joseph Hospital (Orange) University Of California/Berkeley Optometry Library University Of California/Berkeley Public Health Library University Of California/Davis University Of California, Irvine, Grunigen Medical Library University Of California/Los Angeles University Of California/San Diego University Of California/San Francisco UCSF Mount Zion Medical Center University Of Southern California USC Wilson Dental Library USC Gerontology Center Library Medical Library Group Of Southern California & Arizona Colorado AORN Library (Denver) University of Colorado Denver Connecticut Hartford Hospital University of Connecticut Health Center Yale University, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library Delaware Delaware Academy of Medicine District Of Columbia Catholic University of America - Nursing/Biology Library George Washington University Georgetown University Medical Center Howard University Pan American Health Organization Florida Florida International University Florida State University Nova Southeastern University Health Professions Division Library (Fort Lauderdale) University of Central Florida University of Florida/Gainesville University of Miami University of South Florida Georgia Eisenhower Army Medical Center/SE Regional Medical Command (Fort Gordon) Emory University Georgia Health Sciences Library Association Mercer University Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine - Georgia Campus Hawaii Hawaii Medical Library University of Hawaii (Manoa) Idaho Idaho Health Sciences Library Illinois American Dental Association Health Science Librarians of Illinois Loyola University Northwestern University OSF Saint Francis Medical Center (Peoria) Rosalind Franklin University (Chicago) Rush University (Chicago) Southern Illinois University University of Chicago University of Illinois/Chicago University of Illinois/Peoria University of Illinois/Rockford University of Illinois/Urbana Indiana Indiana University Medical Library Indiana University Dentistry Library Purdue University (Pharmacy, Nursing, Health Sciences) Iowa University of Iowa Health Sciences Library University of Iowa Ophthalmology Library Kansas University Of Kansas (Kansas City) University of Kansas (Wichita) Kentucky University of Kentucky University of Louisville Louisiana Ochsner Clinic Foundation (New Orleans) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center/New Orleans Louisiana State University/Shreveport Tulane University Medical Library Maine Health Science Libraries and Information Consortium of Maine Maine Medical Center Maryland Johns Hopkins University NIH Library University of Maryland/Baltimore Massachusetts Harvard Medical Web Countway Library of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital New England College od Optometry South Coast Health System (New Bedford) Tufts University University of Massachusetts Michigan Botsford General Hospital (Farmington Hills) Henry Ford Health System (Detroit) Providence Hospital (Southfield) Synergy Medical Education Alliance (Saginaw) University of Michigan Wayne State University Metropolitan Detroit Medical Library Group Minnesota Allina Health System (Minneapolis) Mayo Clinic (Rochester) University of Minnesota Mississippi University of Mississippi Missouri Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine Saint Louis University University of Missouri University of Missouri/Kansas City Washington University Nebraska University of Nebraska Creighton University Nevada University of Nevada New Hampshire Dartmouth New Jersey Medical Center at Princeton Monmouth Medical Center (Long Branch) St. Peters Medical Center (New Brunswick) University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Mexico New York Albany Medical College Albert Einstein College of Medicine Columbia University Columbia University Health Sciences Library Cornell University Kaleida Health Libraries (Buffalo) Mount Sinai New York Academy of Medicine New York Dept of Health (Albany) New York Medical College New

York Methodist Hospital (Brooklyn) New York University Rockefeller University St. Luke's Cornwall Hospital (Newburgh) State University of New York/Buffalo State University of New York/New York (College of Optometry Vision Science Library) State University of New York/Stony Brook State University of New York/Upstate-Syracuse University of Rochester Winthrop University Hospital (Mineola) North Carolina Duke University East Carolina University National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH) University of North Carolina Wake Forest University North Dakota University of North Dakota Ohio Cleveland Health Sciences Library, Case Western Reserve Northeast Ohio Medical University Ohio State University University of Cincinnati Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Oregon Oregon Health Sciences University Samaritan Health Pennsylvania Drexel University (Philadelphia) Easton Hospital Fox Chase Cancer Center (Philadelphia) Pennsylvania State University (Hershey Medical Center) Thomas Jefferson University University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Library System South Carolina Medical University of South Carolina University of South Carolina South Dakota University of South Dakota Tennessee East Tennessee State University St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (Memphis) University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville University of Tennessee, Memphis Vanderbilt University (library) Texas Baylor Health Sciences Library Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Texas A&M University Texas Dept of State Health Services (Austin) Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center University of North Texas Health Sciences Center University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio University of Texas Health Center, Tyler University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Research Medical Library University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Utah University of Utah Vermont University of Vermont Virginia Appalachian College of Pharmacy Eastern Virginia University of Virginia Virginia Commonwealth Washington Overlake Hospital (Bellevue) University of Washington Health Sciences Library University of Washington Dept of Environmental Health Washington Medical Librarians Association West Virginia Marshall University West Virginia University, Charleston Division Wisconsin Medical College of Wisconsin St. Joseph Hospital/covenant Library System, Milwaukee University of Wisconsin US Territories University of Puerto Rico Australia Canberra Hospital Flinders University/Medical Library (South Australia) Monash University/Biomedical Library (Victoria) Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital/Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologists University of Melbourne-Biomedical Library University of New South Wales/Biomedical Library University of Queensland/Biological & Health Sciences Libraries University of Sydney Women's and Children Health (Melbourne) Canada Dalhousie University (Halifax, Nova Scotia) Health Science Information Consortium of Toronto McGill University McMaster University Memorial University of Newfoundland University of Alberta University of British Columbia Children's/Women's Hospitals University of Calgary University of Manitoba University of Montreal University of Ottawa University of Saskatchewan University of Toronto University of Western Ontario Germany Medizinische Bibliothek der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin German National Library of Medicine, Koeln Universitaats- und Landesbibliothek, Muenster, Zweigbibliothek der Medizin Saarlaandische Universitaats-und Landesbibliothek-Medizinische Abteilung, Homburg/Saar Universitaat Magdeburg, Medizinische Zentralbibliothek India All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar United Kingdom Bedford Hospitals NHS Trust British Medical Association Cardiff University Health Libraries Group National Health Service (London) Royal College of Nursing South West Health Care Hope Hospital / University of Manchester Other Countries American University of Antigua (West Indies) Medical University of Sofia Central Medical Library (Bulgaria) Chinese University of Hong Kong (China) Zagreb University (Croatia) TerKko – National Library of Health Sciences(Finland ) Helsinki University – Dental Library medicale.tr List of French Medical libraries, from Rouen University Hospital Medical Library SBC institute (Athens, Greece) National University of Ireland, Galway Hebrew University (Israel) Kuwait University Kuala Lumpur Hospital (Malaysia) Academic Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands) Hospital de Cruces (Bilbao, Spain) Karolinska Institutet University Library (Stockholm, Sweden) Hospital Ramon y Cajal Biblioteca (Madrid) University of the West Indies, St Augustine (Trinidad) Rashid medical library (United Arab Emirates) Libraries medical libraries

1990 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) The European (UEFA) zone of qualification for the 1990 FIFA World Cup saw 32 teams competing for 13 places at the finals. UEFA members Italy qualified automatically as hosts of the finals. The qualification process started on 21 May 1988 and ended on 18 November 1989. Format Teams were drawn into seven groups, four groups of five teams and three of four teams. All seven group-winners qualified automatically, with the runners-up in the four groups containing five teams (Groups 3, 5, 6 and 7) also qualifying. The two best second-placed teams in the three groups containing only four teams also qualified (Groups 1, 2 and 4). One second-placed team was therefore eliminated. Draw The draw for the qualifying groups took place in Zürich, Switzerland on 12 December 1987. During the draw teams were drawn from the 5 pots into the 7 groups. The seedings below were announced ten days before the draw. Teams qualified to the final tournament are in bold. Summary Results Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Ranking of runners-up Goalscorers 7 goals Marc Van Der Linden 6 goals Mo Johnston 5 goals Toni Polster Flemming Povlsen Manolo Míchel Kubilay Türkyilmaz Tanju Çolak 4 goals Michal Bílek Tomáš Skuhravý Andreas Thom Rui Águas Rudi Völler 3 goals Marc Degryse Brian Laudrup Carmel Busuttil Gøran Sørloth Hennadiy Lytovchenko Oleh Protasov Emilio Butragueño Rıdvan Dilmen Feyyaz Uçar Dejan Savićević 2 goals Sokol Kushta Andreas Herzog Patrick Vervoort Christos Kolliandris Pambos Pittas Kent Nielsen Matthias Sammer John Barnes Peter Beardsley Gary Lineker Mika Lipponen Didier Deschamps Jean-Pierre Papin Attila Pintér István Vincze Pétur Pétursson John Aldridge Tony Cascarino Ray Houghton John Bosman Colin Clarke Rune Bratseth Jan Åge Fjørtoft Kjetil Osvold Ryszard Tarasiewicz Vítor Paneira Gavril Balint Rodion Cămătaru Dorin Mateuţ Ioan Sabău Ally McCoist Richard Gough Igor Dobrovolski Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko Johnny Ekström Lothar Matthäus Andreas Möller Karl-Heinz Riedle Faruk Hadžibegić Srečko Katanec Dragan Stojković Zlatko Vujović 1 goal Ylli Shehu Heimo Pfeifenberger Manfred Zsak Jan Ceulemans Bruno Versavel Kalin Bankov Bozhidar Iskrenov Trifon Ivanov Hristo Kolev Anyo Sadkov Hristo Stoichkov Yiannos Ioannou Floros Nicolaou Jozef Chovanec Stanislav Griga Ivan Hašek Milan Luhový Ľubomír Moravčík Henrik Andersen Jan Bartram Lars Elstrup Michael Laudrup Kim Vilfort Thomas Doll Rainer Ernst Ulf Kirsten Paul Gascoigne Bryan Robson Chris Waddle Neil Webb Mixu Paatelainen Kari Ukkonen Laurent Blanc Eric Cantona Jean-Philippe Durand Christian Perez Franck Sauzée Daniel Xuereb Kostas Mavridis Tasos Mitropoulos Nikos Nioplias Imre Boda György Bognár József Kiprich Kálmán Kovács Atli Eðvaldsson Sigurður Grétarsson Ragnar Margeirsson Guðmundur Torfason Paul McGrath Kevin Moran Ronnie Whelan Guy Hellers Robby Langers Théo Malget Ruud Gullit Wim Kieft Erwin Koeman Ronald Koeman Graeme Rutjes Marco van Basten Michael O'Neill Steve Penney Jimmy Quinn Norman Whiteside Erland Johnsen Krzysztof Warzycha Jacek Ziober Rui Barros Paulo Futre Fernando Gomes João Pinto Frederico Rosa Gheorghe Hagi Gheorghe Popescu Gordon Durie Paul McStay Oleksandr Zavarov Genar Andrinúa Txiki Begiristain Fernando Juanito Julio Salinas Leif Engqvist Hans Holmqvist Klas Ingesson Niclas Larsson Peter Larsson Roger Ljung Mats Magnusson Christophe Bonvin Adrian Knup Alain Sutter Beat Sutter Dario Zuffi Oğuz Çetin Malcolm Allen Mark Bowen Dean Saunders Thomas Häßler Jürgen Klinsmann Pierre Littbarski Darko Pančev Predrag Spasić Vujadin Stanojković Safet Sušić 1 own goal Alan McDonald (playing against Spain) Anton Rogan (playing against Spain) Gary Gillespie (playing against Yugoslavia) Míchel (playing against Ireland) Alain Geiger (playing against Belgium) External links European Zone at FIFA.com UEFA Qualifier results with full game box scores at Scoreshelf.com UEFA Category:FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) World Cup World Cup

Mexican immigration to Cuba Mexican immigration to Cuba comprises people who emigrated from Mexico to Cuba and their descendants. Cuba is home to the most Mexicans living in the Caribbean. The waves of migration from Mexico to Cuba started from the 1970s, attracted by a mild climate and political stability. The resident embassy of Mexico reported 2,752 Mexican citizens in Cuba in 2010, but estimates approximately 4,000 Mexican citizens crossing into the neighboring country for educational, business, commercial, industrial and tourist activities. The Mexican community has been primarily established in the city of Havana one of them is famous singer Camila Cabello. Many people from Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas share ties of familiarity with Cubans following the Caste War and industrial trade (Porfiriato) that drove Mexicans to migrate to the island. History The Mayans were separated from their work, and they surreptitiously left with fugitive status prosecuted by the local authority. On the other hand, there were inherited debts, so that the children had to pay what the father could not have covered. This created a pattern, perpetuating dependence on the family and as the father came close to paying off his debt, the landowner was allowed to trade with their workers, establishing the slave market in Cuba. Thus, entire families formed indigenous human chains moved in from the mainland to the island. Under these conditions they lived and suffered, especially many Yucatán Mayans in the mid-nineteenth century. Most were brought to Havana but others were brought to Cuba as farmers of sisal, sugarcane, and fodder in the provinces of Pinar del Río, Matanzas and Camagüey. Mexican communities Yucatecans The Yucatecans, the largest Mexican community on Cuban soil, are distributed in Havana, Pinar del Río, and Matanzas. This community arrived in Mexico from the Spanish colonial period, as slaves were brought to the island to work the sugar plantations. Many other Yucatecans came during the Caste War in the nineteenth century. Migration from the Yucatán decreased in the twentieth century. The majority of the Korean diaspora in Cuba are descendants of immigrants from Yucatán. Statistics See also Cuban immigration to Mexico Cuba–Mexico relations References Category:Ethnic groups in Cuba Cuba

Luis Suárez Luis Alberto Suárez Díaz (; born 24 January 1987) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Barcelona and the Uruguay national team. Often regarded as one of the best players in the world, Suárez has won 18 trophies in his career, which include six league titles, a UEFA Champions League title at club level, and a Copa América with Uruguay. A prolific goalscorer, Suárez has won two European Golden Shoes, an Eredivisie Golden Boot, a Premier League Golden Boot, also ending the six-year dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo by winning La Liga's Pichichi Trophy in 2016. He has scored 475 senior career goals for club and country. Suárez began his career as a youth player for Nacional in 2003. At age 19, he relocated to the Netherlands to play for Groningen, before transferring to Ajax in 2007. He won his first trophy in 2010, the KNVB Cup, finishing the season as the league's top scorer and was named Dutch Footballer of the Year. A year later, he helped Ajax secure the Eredivisie title, and scored his 100th Ajax goal. In January 2011, Suárez transferred to Liverpool, and won the League Cup in his first full season. In 2014, he was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year as well as winning the Premier League Golden Boot, and sharing the European Golden Shoe with Cristiano Ronaldo before moving to Barcelona in a transfer worth €82.3 million (£64.98 million), making him one of the most expensive players in football history. In his first season at Barcelona, Suárez starred in an attacking trio alongside Lionel Messi and Neymar, helping the club win a historic second continental treble of La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League. Messi, Suárez, Neymar (dubbed MSN), scored a total of 122 goals that season, the most for an attacking front three in Spanish football history. In his second season at the club, Suárez won his first Pichichi Trophy as well as his second European Golden Shoe, for which he became the first player since 2009 to win both awards other than Messi or Ronaldo. He ended the season with a total of 40 league goals, 14 of which came in his last five matches, and 16 assists, becoming the first player in history to top La Liga in both goals and assists. At international level, Suárez is Uruguay's all-time leading goalscorer, and has represented his nation at three editions of the FIFA World Cup and three editions of the Copa América, as well as the 2012 Summer Olympics, and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, where he helped his team to a fourth-place finish. At the 2010 FIFA World Cup he played an important role in Uruguay's fourth-place finish, scoring three goals, as well as controversially blocking an otherwise game-winning goal-bound extra time header with his hands during the quarter-final against Ghana. At the 2011 Copa América, Suárez scored four goals as Uruguay won a record fifteenth Copa América, and he was named Player of the Tournament. At the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, Suárez scored his 40th international goal before he was suspended from the tournament after biting Italy defender Giorgio Chiellini. Suárez has been a source of controversy throughout his career. As well as his goal-line handball in the 2010 FIFA World Cup against Ghana, he has also bitten opponents on three separate occasions. He has also been accused of and admitted to diving, and in 2011, the FA found him guilty of racially abusing

Patrice Evra, a decision Suárez disputes. Club career Youth Suárez lived his early years at the Cerro neighbourhood in Salto, where he played youth football at Sportivo Artigas. At age seven, he moved with his family (parents and six brothers) to Montevideo, where he played youth football at Urreta FC. Nacional Suárez joined local side Nacional's youth team at age 14. At age 16, Suárez headbutted a referee following a red card. One night, he was caught drinking and partying, prompting his coach to threaten he would never play unless he started playing football more seriously. In May 2005, at age 18, Suárez made his first-team debut against Junior de Barranquilla in the Copa Libertadores. He scored his first goal in September 2005 and helped Nacional win the 2005–06 Uruguayan league with 10 goals in 27 matches. Suárez was found by a group of scouts from the Dutch club Groningen when they were in Uruguay to scout another player. As they watched, he won and converted a penalty and scored a "wonder goal" against Defensor. After watching only that match, the scouts approached Suárez and said they wanted to buy him, and after the season, Groningen paid Nacional €800,000 for him. Suárez was thrilled to go to Europe because his then girlfriend, and now wife, Sofía Balbi, had moved to Barcelona; they had maintained a long-distance relationship for a year and he wanted to move closer to her. Groningen Suárez was 19 years old when he joined Groningen. Initially, Suárez struggled because he could not speak Dutch or English, and he played on the second team to adjust to the Dutch game. His teammate and fellow Uruguayan, Bruno Silva, helped him settle into living in the Netherlands and playing for a new team. He worked hard to learn Dutch and his teammates respected him for his efforts with the language. Suárez scored goals for Groningen, but he also had disciplinary problems; in one five-game stretch in January 2007, he scored four goals but received three yellow cards and one red card. Suárez especially made his mark in a 4–3 home win over Vitesse, when with ten minutes to go he subsequently won a penalty and scored two goals. Suárez ended with 10 goals in 29 league appearances to help Groningen finish eighth in the 2006–07 Eredivisie. He also scored in a 4–2 loss to Serbian club Partizan in his European debut. Ajax saw potential in Suárez and offered Groningen €3.5 million for him, but Groningen rejected the offer. Suárez was upset and brought his case to the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB)'s arbitration committee to try to facilitate the sale. The arbitration committee ruled against him on 9 August 2007, but that same day, Ajax increased their offer to €7.5 million and Groningen accepted. Ajax 2007–08 season Suárez signed a five-year contract with Ajax and made his club debut in the UEFA Champions League qualifier against Slavia Prague. He scored one goal in his Eredivisie debut for the club and two goals in his home debut at the Amsterdam Arena. Ajax finished second in league in the 2007–08 season and Suárez scored 17 goals in 33 league appearances, setting up a blossoming striking partnership with league top scorer Klaas-Jan Huntelaar. He was suspended for seven games for biting an opponent while with Ajax. 2008–09 season During the 2008–09 season, Ajax head coach Marco van Basten noted how Suárez played an important role in many of Ajax's goals, but Van Basten was also upset by the number of yellow cards Suárez received. Suárez was suspended for one match because he was

given his seventh yellow card of the season against Utrecht in a 2–0 win. He was also suspended after a half-time altercation with teammate Albert Luque over a free kick. Ajax ended the season in third place. Suárez scored 22 goals in 31 league matches and finished second in scoring tables, one goal behind Mounir El Hamdaoui of AZ. Suárez was also named Ajax Player of the Year. 2009–10 season Before the 2009–10 season, Martin Jol replaced Van Basten as head coach. After the departure of Ajax captain Thomas Vermaelen to Arsenal, Jol named Suárez team captain. Suárez started scoring goals early in the season with a hat-trick in a 4–1 win against RKC Waalwijk. He had a number of multiple-goal matches throughout the season, including four in wins over Slovan Bratislava in the UEFA Europe League play-off round, VVV-Venlo and Roda JC. He scored three in the first half in another win over VVV-Venlo and six against WHC Wezep in the KNVB Cup as Ajax won by a club-record margin of 14–1. Suárez scored two goals in the second leg of the KNVB Cup final and finished as the tournament's top scorer. Ajax won the Cup final 6–1 on aggregate over Feyenoord, but they finished second in the league behind Twente. Suárez ended the season as the Eredivisie's top scorer with 35 goals in 33 matches and had 49 goals in all competitions. He was named Ajax Player of the Year for the second straight year and Dutch Footballer of the Year. 2010–11 season Soon after Suárez returned from his World Cup campaign, he scored his 100th goal for Ajax in a 1–1 home draw against PAOK in a UEFA Champions League qualifier. This put him in an elite group of players, including Johan Cruyff, Marco van Basten and Dennis Bergkamp, to score 100 or more goals with the club. Suárez continued his scoring run with a hat-trick against De Graafschap in a 5–0 win. First biting incident On 20 November 2010, Suárez bit PSV's Otman Bakkal on the shoulder during a 0–0 draw. Ajax suspended him for two matches and fined him an undisclosed amount, which the club said they would donate to a "good cause". The Dutch daily newspaper De Telegraaf branded Suárez the "Cannibal of Ajax". The KNVB increased Suárez's suspension to seven league matches. Suárez apologised for his actions through a video he uploaded to his Facebook page. Transfer to Liverpool During the suspension, Ajax were in contact with other European clubs interested in Suárez. On 28 January 2011, they accepted a €26.5 million (£22.8 million) offer for Suárez from Premier League club Liverpool. Despite leaving while suspended, Suárez departed Ajax on good terms, and he was given a farewell sendoff after an Ajax match. During the sendoff, an Ajax coach spoke to him and the crowd and said how the club wished he could stay longer; the crowd applauded their agreement and fireworks followed. Ajax ended the 2010–11 season as Eredivisie champions and Suárez was given a winner's medal for his 7 goals in 13 appearances. While he was at Ajax, Suárez scored 111 goals in 159 appearances. Liverpool 2010–11 season On 31 January 2011, Suárez signed a five-and-a-half-year deal with Liverpool until 2016, and was the club's most expensive signing (£22.8 million) until the arrival of Andy Carroll (£35 million) a few hours later. Suárez requested the number seven shirt, but at the time did not realise that it had been worn by Liverpool legends such as his new manager Kenny Dalglish and Kevin Keegan. Suárez made his Liverpool debut on 2 February

against Stoke City at Anfield in a 2–0 win; he came on as a substitute and scored Liverpool's second goal in front of the Kop in the 79th minute. He was one of Liverpool's best players during his partial season and helped Liverpool go from 12th in the league in mid-January to finish sixth. He finished the 2010–11 season with four goals in 13 games. 2011–12 season After winning the Player of the Tournament at the 2011 Copa América, Suárez had a disappointing 2011–12 season by his standards. Liverpool finished in eighth place and Suárez scored 11 league goals. On 26 February, Liverpool won the League Cup, defeating Cardiff City in penalty shootout. On 28 April, Suárez scored his first Liverpool hat-trick in 3–0 win against Norwich City at Carrow Road. He finished sixth for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. Racial abuse incident The season was marked by an incident in which Suárez was found guilty by a three-man panel from The Football Association (FA) of racially abusing Patrice Evra during a match against Manchester United in October; he was issued an eight-match suspension and a £40,000 fine. Suárez disputed this decision. After a 1–1 draw against Manchester United on 15 October 2011, Suárez was accused of racially abusing Evra, and the FA opened up an investigation into the incident. Suárez wrote on his Twitter and Facebook pages that he was upset by the accusation and denied the claims. On 16 November, the FA announced it would charge Suárez with "abusive and/or insulting words and/or behaviour contrary to FA rules", including "a reference to the ethnic origin and/or colour and/or race of Patrice Evra". Liverpool later released a statement announcing Suárez would plead innocent, adding they would "remain fully supportive" of him. On 20 December, the FA concluded a seven-day hearing, handing Suárez an eight-match ban and a £40,000 fine for racially abusing Evra. In their next meeting in February, during the pregame handshakes, Suárez avoided shaking Evra's hand, for which Suárez and Dalglish were later forced to apologise. Suárez was also banned for one match for making an obscene gesture towards Fulham fans. 2012–13 season On 7 August 2012, Suárez signed a new long-term contract with Liverpool. On 26 August, he scored his first goal of the 2012–13 season in a 2–2 draw with champions Manchester City at Anfield. On 29 September 2012, Suárez scored a hat-trick in Liverpool's Premier League fixture away at Norwich City for the second consecutive season. On 6 January 2013, Suárez handled the ball before scoring the decisive goal in Liverpool's 2–1 win over Mansfield Town from the Conference National in an FA Cup third round match. Liverpool's manager Brendan Rodgers defended his player by claiming "it's not his job to own up", while Mansfield manager Paul Cox said he felt "a little bit gutted" by the "instinctive" handball, but admitted he would have accepted a goal scored like that by one of his players. On 19 January, Suárez scored his seventh goal in three matches against Norwich, as Liverpool cruised to a 5–0 home league victory. The following week, Suárez captained Liverpool for the first time for the FA Cup fourth round match against Oldham Athletic; Liverpool lost 2–3. On 2 March, Suárez scored a hat-trick against Wigan Athletic, leading Liverpool to a dominant 4–0 victory at the DW Stadium. In so doing, he became only the third Liverpool player to score 20 Premier League goals in a single season after Robbie Fowler and Fernando Torres. On 10 March, Suárez scored his 50th goal in all competitions since joining the Reds by scoring

the opener in a 3–2 home victory over Tottenham Hotspur, ending Spurs' 12-match unbeaten run. He was also named man of the match for his performance after he won the decisive penalty which Steven Gerrard converted. At the end of the season, Suárez was one of six players named on the shortlist for PFA Players' Player of the Year. Suárez finished second in the final ballot behind Gareth Bale of Tottenham and was named in the PFA Team of the Year. He was second-top goalscorer in the Premier League for 2012–13 with 23 goals and Liverpool's top scorer in all competitions with 30 goals. On 28 May 2013, he was named as Liverpool's player of the season after receiving 64% of votes in a poll of the club's supporters. Second biting incident On 21 April 2013, during a 2–2 draw with Chelsea in a Premier League match at Anfield, Suárez bit Branislav Ivanović; this was the second time Suárez had bitten an opponent. It was not noticed by the officials, and Suárez scored an equaliser in injury time. The bite prompted UK Prime Minister David Cameron to call on the FA to take a hard line with Suárez: the FA charged him with violent conduct and he was fined an undisclosed sum by his club. Contrary to claims from Suárez, Ivanović did not accept an apology. Suárez accepted the violent conduct charge but denied the FA's claim the standard punishment of three matches was clearly insufficient for his offence. A three-man independent panel appointed by the FA decided on a ten-game ban for Suárez, who did not appeal the ban; the panel criticised Suárez for not appreciating "the seriousness" of the incident when he argued against a long ban. The panel also wanted to send a "strong message that such deplorable behaviours do not have a place in football", while noting that "all players in the higher level of the game are seen as role models, have the duty to act professionally and responsibly, and set the highest example of good conduct to the rest of the game – especially to young players". On 31 May 2013, Suárez said he would be seeking an exit from Liverpool in the summer, citing excessive media attention on his family as a reason for wanting to leave. On 6 August, after Liverpool had rejected a bid of £40,000,001 for the player from Arsenal, Suárez reiterated his wish to leave Liverpool and said Liverpool had previously promised to allow him a transfer if the club failed to qualify for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League. The following day, Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers said Liverpool had not broken any promises to Suárez and that the player had shown "total disrespect" for the club. After this incident, the British press reported that Suárez had been instructed to train away from the Liverpool first-team squad by Rodgers. On 8 August, Liverpool owner John W. Henry stated that Suárez would not be allowed to leave the club. 2013–14 season, Player of the Year On 14 August, Suárez appeared to reverse his position about wanting to leave the club, with reports stating he wanted to stay at the club and that he was possibly going to sign a contract extension, citing the support from Liverpool supporters as the reason for his unexpected turnaround. Suárez returned to first-team training two days later after "offer[ing] contrition" to his teammates but reportedly not apologising to his manager. On 25 September, Suárez returned to the Liverpool team after his suspension to make his first appearance of the 2013–14 season in a League Cup third

round tie against Manchester United at Old Trafford, losing 1–0. On 29 September, Suárez made his first Premier League appearance of the season, scoring twice as Liverpool defeated Sunderland 3–1 at the Stadium of Light. On 5 October, Suárez made his first appearance of the season at Anfield, where he scored Liverpool's opening goal in a 3–1 win against Crystal Palace. On 26 October, he scored his fourth Premier League hat-trick, his first at Anfield, in a 4–1 defeat of West Bromwich Albion. According to the BBC, he has scored a hat-trick every 20.3 Premier League matches, "the best rate of all 46 players to have scored more than one treble" in the top tier. On 4 December, Suárez scored four goals against Norwich City in a 5–1 home win. He became the first player in Premier League history to score three hat-tricks against the same club, and took his scoring record against Norwich to 11 goals in 5 matches. On 15 December, Suárez captained Liverpool for the first time in a Premier League match against Tottenham Hotspur. He scored twice and assisted once as the team recorded a 5–0 win at White Hart Lane to close the gap on league leaders Arsenal to two points. The following day, Suárez was named the Football Supporters' Federation Player of the Year for 2013. On 20 December, Suárez signed a new four-and-a-half-year contract with Liverpool. On 1 January 2014, by scoring in a 2–0 home win over Hull City, Suárez became the first Liverpool player to score 20 or more goals in successive Premier League seasons since Robbie Fowler in 1994–95 and 1995–96. He equalled Andy Cole's Premier League record for the earliest date to reach the 20-goal mark, but set a new record low of 15 matches. His strike partnership this season with Daniel Sturridge has earned them a nickname "SAS", i.e., Sturridge and Suárez". On 1 March, Suárez made his 100th Premier League appearance, scoring in a 3–0 win over Southampton at St Mary's Stadium. In the following fixture, he scored his 25th league goal of the season as Liverpool defeated Manchester United at Old Trafford for the first time since 2009 by a convincing three-goal margin. On 22 March, Suárez scored his sixth Premier League hat-trick, and third of the season, in a 6–3 win over Cardiff City at the Cardiff City Stadium. On 30 March, he broke Robbie Fowler's club record of 28 goals in a Premier League season in a 4–0 home win against Tottenham which took Liverpool top of the league with six matches remaining. On 20 April, he scored in a 3–2 win at Norwich to become the first Liverpool player to score 30 league goals in a season since Ian Rush in 1986–87. This also made him the seventh player to score 30 goals in a Premier League season, following Andy Cole, Alan Shearer, Kevin Phillips, Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Robin van Persie. On 18 April, Suárez was named as one of the six players nominated for the PFA Player of the Year award for the second consecutive season. On 27 April, he won the award, becoming the first non-European to win the award. On 5 May 2014, Suárez was named as the Football Association Writers Player of the Year. He finished the season with 31 goals in 33 matches, winning the Premier League Golden Boot, with Sturridge as runner-up, as Liverpool came second in the league and returned to the UEFA Champions League. Suárez also won the Barclay's Premier League Player of the Season award. As the Premier League's top scorer with

31 goals, he also shared the European Golden Shoe with Cristiano Ronaldo. On 21 May 2014, Suárez ranked number one on "Europe's most influential player" list of the year, ahead of Lionel Messi, Zlatan Ibrahimović and Cristiano Ronaldo, according to a study by Bloomberg of the top five European leagues. Barcelona Signing and suspension On 11 July 2014, Suárez agreed with Barcelona on a five-year contract for an undisclosed transfer fee. However, according to a leaked document by Football Leaks, the fee was £64.98 million (€82.3 million), making him one of the most expensive players in world football history. Barça confirmed Suárez would wear the number 9 shirt for the 2014–15 season. Suárez missed the first part of the season after being found guilty of biting Italian player Giorgio Chiellini at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. As part of the suspension, he was banned from all "football-related activities", including training for Barcelona, for four months (until 26 October). He was also banned from entering any stadium, even as a spectator, during the same period. On 24 July, Suárez and his lawyers filed an appeal with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and requested the sanctions be reduced or the suspension to be lifted. The parties were heard at a hearing which took place at the CAS offices in Lausanne, Switzerland, on 8 August. Six days later, the CAS confirmed the ban imposed by FIFA against Suárez, who remained suspended from football for four months, as well as a nine-match ban in internationals, the first of which was served in the Uruguay's round of 16 match against Colombia in the 2014 World Cup. However, the CAS removed the player's "football-related activities" ban and was allowed to train with Barcelona. As a result of this ban, Suárez was banned from participating in the 2015 Copa América. The CAS permitted Suárez to play in friendly matches, and he made his Barcelona debut on 18 August against Club León of Mexico at the Camp Nou, replacing Rafinha for the final 14 minutes of an eventual 6–0 win in the Gamper Trophy. Fellow forwards Lionel Messi and Neymar had already been substituted off by the time Suárez took to the pitch. 2014–15 season Suárez made his competitive debut for Barcelona on 25 October, starting in attack with Lionel Messi and Neymar away to Real Madrid in El Clásico. Although he set up Neymar for the opening goal in the fourth minute, Suárez was substituted in the second half and Barcelona lost 3–1. He scored his first goal for the club on 26 November in a 4–0 win at APOEL in the UEFA Champions League group stage. On 20 December, he scored his first league goal for the club in his eighth La Liga match, contributing to a 5–0 home win against Córdoba. On 24 February 2015, Suárez scored twice as Barça defeated English champions Manchester City 2–1 in the first leg of their UEFA Champions League round of 16 tie. On 4 March, he scored in Barcelona's 3–1 Copa del Rey semi-final win over Villarreal to qualify the club for its 37th Spanish Cup final. On 8 March, Suárez scored twice in a 6–1 home win over Rayo Vallecano. On 22 March 2015, Suárez scored the winning goal for Barcelona in the 2–1 victory over Real Madrid at Camp Nou. In the post-match press conference, his coach Luis Enrique lauded Suárez, saying, "Very few players can score a goal like he did, and that is why we signed him. He can decide games. He's a pure scorer, who needs very little to finish." On

15 April, Suárez scored two goals in a 3–1 UEFA Champions League quarter-final first leg victory over Paris Saint-Germain at the Parc des Princes. He nutmegged PSG defender David Luiz twice before scoring both goals. On 2 May, he scored his first hat-trick for the club, in 8–0 win at Córdoba. Suárez scored in the Champions League final against Juventus on 6 June in Berlin, putting the team back into the lead in an eventual 3–1 win by converting the rebound after Gianluigi Buffon saved from Messi. The win sealed a treble for the team. Suárez ended his first season at Barcelona with 25 goals and 20 assists in all competitions. The Barcelona attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed "MSN", ended with 122 goals, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history. 2015–16 season Suárez opened the season by scoring and assisting on a goal in Barcelona's 5–4 extra-time victory over Sevilla in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup, on 11 August 2015. The next day, he was named one of the three finalists for the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. On 31 October, Suárez scored in a 2–0 away win against Getafe after being assisted with a backheel from Sergi Roberto. This was his 11th goal of the season and his 300th senior career goal. On 21 November, Suárez scored twice in Barcelona's 4–0 away win against Real Madrid. On 17 December, Suárez scored all three goals as Barcelona defeated Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande 3–0 in the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup semi-final in Yokohama, Japan, becoming the first player to score a hat-trick in the competition's history. He then scored twice in Barcelona's 3–0 win over Argentine club River Plate in the final. Suárez finished the tournament as top scorer with five goals and was also named the best player of the tournament. On 3 February 2016, Suárez scored four goals in the 7–0 Copa del Rey win against Valencia. On 20 April, he again scored four times in a match, as well as assisting three further goals for teammates, as Barça won 8–0 away at Deportivo de La Coruña in La Liga. Only three days later, he scored another four goals in a 6–0 home win over Sporting de Gijón, for which Suárez became the first player to score four times in two consecutive matches in the history of La Liga. On 30 April, Suárez became the second player in the history of the club to reach the milestone of 35 goals in a single season. On the final day of the 2015–16 La Liga season, Suárez scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 victory at Granada to win the Spanish championship for Barça and registered 40 league goals for the season to win the Pichichi Trophy, for which Suárez became the first player since 2009 to win both the Pichichi and the European Golden Shoe other than Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. Fourteen of his goals came in his last five matches. Suárez also led the league in assists, tied at 16 with Messi, becoming the first player ever to lead La Liga in both goals and assists. On 22 May 2016, Suárez suffered a season-ending injury during Barcelona's 2–0 victory over Sevilla in the 2016 Copa del Rey Final. The club confirmed after the match that Suárez had suffered an injury to his right hamstring, and would likely miss at least part of the upcoming Copa América Centenario with his national football team. For Uruguay, Suárez also previously missed part of the 2014 World Cup and the entire

2015 Copa América through suspension. The front three of Messi, Suárez and Neymar finished the season with 131 goals, breaking the record they had set the previous year for most goals by an attacking trio in a single season. 2016–17 season Suárez opened his goal scoring account by scoring a goal in the first leg of the 2016 Supercopa de España against Sevilla and winning the match 0–2. In the first match of the 2016–17 La Liga season, Suárez scored a hat-trick in a 6–2 victory against Real Betis in which he scored his first free-kick goal for Barcelona. Suárez made his 100th Barcelona appearance in a 2–1 defeat at home to Alavés. Though unable to score, Suárez claimed the distinction of scoring more goals and assists in his first 100 matches in Spain than both Cristiano Ronaldo and Messi; Suárez contributed 88 goals and 43 assists in his first 100 matches for Barcelona, compared to Ronaldo's 95 goals and 29 assists, and Messi's 41 goals and 14 assists. Suárez opened his UEFA Champions League account for the season with two goals in a 7–0 defeat of Celtic; this was followed by another goal in a 5–1 defeat of Leganés. On 11 January 2017, Suárez scored his 100th goal for Barcelona in a Copa del Rey round of 16 match against Athletic Bilbao. On 7 February, Suárez scored and was later sent off for a second yellow in the semi-final match of the Copa del Rey against Atlético Madrid for an alleged foul on Koke, his first red card competitively for Barcelona, meaning he would miss the final. In an interview after the match, Suárez said he strongly disagreed with the decision, and wished to appeal it, saying, "I'm laughing at that second yellow, it's not even a foul. I did absolutely nothing. I hope the club will appeal it." 2017–18 season On 23 September, Suárez scored in Barcelona’s win over Girona in the first ever Catalan derby for the opposition. On 14 October, Suárez maintained Barcelona’s undefeated start to a La Liga season with a late header against Atlético Madrid at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. He scored twice against Leganés in a 3–0 win at the Estadio Municipal de Butarque on 18 November. On 17 December, Suárez scored two against Deportivo La Coruña in a 4–0 win. Less than a week later, Suárez opened the scoring for Barcelona in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid at the Bernabéu. After the mid season break, on 14 January Suárez scored twice in a 4–2 comeback win at Real Sociedad. Suarez scored a hat-trick in a 6–1 win over Girona at the Camp Nou on 24 February. On 31 March, late goals from Suarez and Messi secured a 2–2 draw against Sevilla at the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán. On 14 April, Suárez scored as Barcelona defeated València 2–1 to secure the longest unbeaten streak (39 games) in La Liga history. On 21 April, Barcelona won their fourth consecutive Copa del Rey title in beating Sevilla 5–0 in Madrid, with Suárez scoring twice. Barcelona held on for a dramatic 2–2 draw against Real Madrid on 6 May to extend their unbeaten streak in the league, with Suárez and Messi scoring the goals for Barca, before Cristiano Ronaldo and Gareth Bale drew Real level. Barcelona's record unbeaten streak (43 games) came to an end on 13 May losing to Levante 4–5. Barcelona mounted a comeback after trailing 1–5, with Suárez scoring one and new club record signing Philippe Coutinho scoring a hat-trick. 2018–19 season On 2 September 2018, Suárez scored twice for Barcelona in

an 8–2 win over newly promoted Huesca. A week later he scored in their 2–1 victory at Real Sociedad, as the club made it four wins out of four in La Liga. On 28 October, Suárez scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 home win over Real Madrid in El Clásico. Suárez is only the second Barcelona player (after Messi) to score a hat-trick in El Clásico in La Liga since Romário in 1994. International career Suárez was invited to play for Uruguay in the qualifying rounds for the 2007 U-20 World Cup, but his club, Groningen, did not release him to play. He did play in the tournament finals, and he scored two goals in four appearances. His goals came in a group stage draw against Spain and in the Round of 16 against the United States, but the U.S. won 2–1 and Uruguay was eliminated from the tournament. Suárez made his senior debut for Uruguay on 8 February 2007 in a 3–1 win against Colombia. He was sent off in the 85th minute after receiving a second yellow card for dissent. Suárez played in 19 of 20 games in 2010 World Cup qualifying and the inter-confederation playoffs and scored five goals. 2010 FIFA World Cup In June 2010, Óscar Tabárez named Suárez to Uruguay's 23-man World Cup squad. Uruguay began the tournament with a 0–0 draw against France. In the second match, a 3–0 win over South Africa, Suárez drew a penalty and assisted Álvaro Pereira's stoppage time goal. In the final match of the group stage, he headed in a goal off a pass from Edinson Cavani and was named Man of the Match in a 1–0 win over Mexico. Uruguay won Group A and advanced to the knockout stage. During the round of 16 against South Korea, Suárez scored both goals in a 2–1 win. His second broke a tie in the 80th minute when he dribbled around a defender and curled a "spectacular shot" in off the far post; Suárez was again named Man of the Match. This win put Uruguay through to the quarter-finals for the first time since 1970. In the quarter-final against Ghana, the score was 1–1 at the end of regulation and the match went into extra time. Late in extra time, Ghana sent a free-kick into the box, and Suárez blocked Stephen Appiah's shot on the goal line. He then blocked Dominic Adiyiah's goalbound header with his hands, committing a professional foul to save what would have been the game winner and was sent off. Asamoah Gyan hit the crossbar with the ensuing penalty kick and Suárez, who had stopped to watch, celebrated the miss before heading down the tunnel. Uruguay won the shootout 4–2 and advanced to the semi-finals. After the match, Suárez said, "I made the save of the tournament." He said he had no alternative, was acting out of instinct, and would do it again if it helped his team win. Ghana head coach Milovan Rajevac said the play was an "injustice" and Suárez was labelled a villain and a cheat. Others viewed him as a hero. Due to the automatic suspension that accompanies a red card, Suárez sacrificed himself in the semi-final for the unlikely chance the penalty would be missed, and his team would later win. While Suárez was suspended for the semi-final match for his red card against Ghana, Uruguay "lacked a second striker [alongside Diego Forlán] of cunning and movement" and lost 3–2 to the Netherlands. Suárez returned for the third place game against Germany; he was booed almost every time he had the

ball because of his handball in the Ghana match. He assisted Cavani on Uruguay's first goal, but Uruguay lost 3–2. During the tournament, Suárez played 543 minutes in six appearances and scored three goals. 2011 Copa América In the 2011 Copa América tournament, Suárez scored in Uruguay's opening game, a 1–1 draw with Peru. Uruguay finished second in their group and advanced to the knockout round with a win and two draws. In the quarter-finals, Uruguay finished regulation and extra time tied at 1–1 with tournament hosts Argentina. Uruguay won the shootout 5–4 and Suárez converted his penalty. Suárez scored both goals in Uruguay's 2–0 semi-final win over Peru and was named Man of the Match. In the final, Suárez scored the first goal and Uruguay defeated Paraguay 3–0 for their record 15th Copa América title. Suárez scored four goals in the tournament and was named Player of the Tournament. 2012 Summer Olympics On 9 July 2012, Suárez was selected for the Uruguay Olympic football team alongside Liverpool teammate Sebastián Coates to compete in the 2012 Olympic Games. In the first pre-tournament warm-up game against Chile, Suárez scored a hat-trick for Uruguay as they came from 0–2 down to win 6–4 in a thrilling match. As one of Uruguay's three overage players, Suárez was named as captain for the Olympic Games. After an opening win over the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay were defeated by Senegal and Great Britain and eliminated at the first round. Suárez failed to score during the tournament. 2013 Confederations Cup Suárez was selected in the Uruguay squad to play in Brazil at the 2013 Confederations Cup. He scored a curling free-kick from in a 2–1 defeat to Spain in their opening match at Recife on 16 June. He then scored twice after appearing as a substitute in Uruguay's 8–0 win over Tahiti, making him the Uruguay national team's all-time top-goalscorer with 35 goals, surpassing his teammate Diego Forlán. Uruguay were eventually eliminated in the semi-finals, losing 2–1 to Brazil in Belo Horizonte. 2014 FIFA World Cup, third biting incident Suárez ended the 2014 World Cup qualification campaign as top scorer in the South American section with 11 goals. In November 2013, Uruguay defeated Jordan 5–0 on aggregate in an intercontinental play-off to qualify for the 2014 World Cup. On 22 May, Suárez underwent emergency surgery on his left knee. He was confined to a wheelchair for a time, leading to rumours he would be unable to participate in the World Cup. He was named as a substitute for Uruguay's first match, a 3–1 defeat to Costa Rica, but did not play in the match. Suárez started Uruguay's second match against England and scored both of the team's goals in a 2–1 win at the Arena Corinthians in São Paulo. For Uruguay's final group match against Italy on 24 June, Uruguay needed a win to advance to the knockout stage while Italy only needed a draw. Around the 79th minute and with the score at 0–0, Suárez clashed with Italian defender Giorgio Chiellini while waiting for a cross. Replays showed that Suárez lunged at Chiellini and bit his shoulder (Chiellini showed bite marks), followed by Suárez falling and clutching his face. The controversial incident made headline news around the world. As the Italian players protested to Mexican referee Marco Antonio Rodríguez for not penalising Suárez for the bite, Uruguay won a corner and scored. The match would finish 1–0 to Uruguay as they qualified for the knockout stage and eliminated Italy. Two days later, on 26 June, the FIFA Disciplinary Committee, banned Suárez for nine international matches,

effective immediately, meaning he would take no further part in the World Cup. The ban ruled him out of 2015 Copa América as well. It was the longest such ban in World Cup history, exceeding the eight-match ban handed to Italy's Mauro Tassotti for breaking the nose of Spain's Luis Enrique at the 1994 World Cup. He was also banned from taking part in any football-related activity (including entering any stadium) for four months and fined CHF100,000. The seven-member FIFA panel studied the incident from 34 camera angles and rejected Suárez's defence that the bite was as a result of an accidental collision, instead finding the bite was "deliberate, intentional and without provocation... with the intention of wounding [Chiellini] or at least of destabilising him". The severity of the penalty was due to the fact it was Suárez's third biting offence, as well as what FIFA saw as a lack of remorse. Soon after the suspension was announced, online gambling firm 888poker cancelled its sponsorship deal with Suárez. With Suárez banned, Uruguay lost their next match 0–2 to Colombia and were eliminated from the World Cup. On the same day the ban was announced, the Uruguayan Football Association (AUF) said it would appeal the suspension. Suárez's lawyer said that "we don't have any doubts" of a European-based campaign against Suárez. Various Uruguayan individuals defended Suárez, questioning if he had actually bitten Chiellini, and criticised the severity of his ban, including President of Uruguay José Mujica, who labelled the ban "fascist" and called FIFA "a bunch of old sons of bitches"; AUF president Wilmar Valdez; Uruguay captain Diego Lugano; and Uruguay head coach Óscar Tabárez, who resigned from two FIFA posts in protest of the ban. The Uruguayan media were also noted to have been in a defiant and defensive mood. For non-Uruguayan parties, Chiellini, who was bitten, called the ban "excessive", while international players' union FIFPro called for Suárez to "receive all the support he needs" and that the "focus should be on the rehabilitation and serious treatment" of Suárez. Six days after the incident, on 30 June, Suárez apologised to Chiellini through Twitter and vowed never to repeat the incident, while writing that the "physical result of a bite" occurred in a collision with Chiellini. Chiellini responded through Twitter indicating all was forgotten and his hope that FIFA would reduce Suárez's suspension. On 3 July, the AUF appealed Suárez's ban, but it was rejected by FIFA on 10 July. With Suárez's ban not preventing him from transferring to another club, it was announced on 11 July that Suárez had agreed to move to Barcelona. Days before the transfer, Suárez's apology to Chiellini had been praised by various Barcelona club individuals. Barcelona club president Josep Maria Bartomeu said the apology was "honourable", sporting director Andoni Zubizarreta welcomed Suárez as being "humble enough to admit an error" while new signing Ivan Rakitić commended Suárez's "character and strength". Copa América Centenario and 2018 FIFA World Cup On 25 March 2016, after over a year of international absence for Uruguay, Suárez scored an equalizer against Brazil in Recife for a 2–2 draw in the qualification process for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Suárez was included in Uruguay's 23-man squad for the Copa América Centenario, although a hamstring injury sustained in the 2016 Copa del Rey final on 22 May put his place in the team in jeopardy. Although he remained in the squad, he missed both of his national side's opening group losses to Mexico and Venezuela, which resulted in a first-round elimination from the tournament. He was once again left on the

substitutes' bench in Uruguay's final 3–0 group win over Jamaica on 13 June. Suárez scored twice on 10 October 2017 as Uruguay won 4–2 at home to Bolivia in their final World Cup qualifying match, thus securing their place for the tournament in Russia. In March, Uruguay won the 2018 China Cup, and Suárez scored his 50th international goal with a penalty against the Czech Republic in the semi-finals, winning it himself when fouled by goalkeeper Jiří Pavlenka. He won his 100th cap on 20 June 2018 in Uruguay's second group match at the World Cup, scoring the only goal against Saudi Arabia at the Rostov Arena in Rostov-on-Don to advance the nation into the last 16. In the final group game on 25 June, Suárez scored Uruguay’s opener with a free kick into the bottom corner in a 3–0 win over hosts Russia. In the Round of 16 match against Portugal on 30 June, he set-up Cavani's opening goal in an eventual 2–1 victory. Uruguay were eliminated from the tournament following a 2–0 defeat to France in the quarter-finals on 6 July. 2019 Copa América In March 2019, manager Tabárez included Suárez in the final 23-man Uruguay squad for the 2019 Copa América in Brazil. On 16 June, he scored the third goal in a 4–0 win over Ecuador in the team's opening group match of the tournament, also setting up the opener scored by Nicolás Lodeiro. In the quarter-finals against Peru on 29 June, he had a goal disallowed by VAR for offside, and was subsequently the only player to miss his spot-kick in the resulting penalty shoot-out, following a 0–0 draw after regulation time, which saw Uruguay eliminated from the competition. Style of play Suárez creates goal scoring chances with his powerful shot, and has "remarkable technical ability" according to his FIFA profile. Known for his direct running at players, Suárez has a particular penchant for nutmegging opponents (putting the ball through their legs). Liverpool fans (accompanied with a banner) used to say he was so good, "he could nutmeg a mermaid". Harry Redknapp said that Suárez could play anywhere – as the target man or behind as a second striker. Uruguay head coach Óscar Tabárez called Suárez "a great forward, an elite player among forwards in the world", and Liverpool coach Kenny Dalglish said, "he's intelligent, he's had a fantastic education at Ajax". Former Liverpool striker John Aldridge said his abilities allow him to get into a position to score and evade defenders. Suárez has been praised for his work rate, and his quickness that allows him to attack from the outside. He also creates scoring opportunities for his teammates. Former Ajax coach Marco van Basten criticised Suárez for his tendency to receive yellow cards. Van Basten said he had a tense relationship with Suárez, although he conceded, "Luis is unpredictable, he's hard to influence but that makes him special." At times, Suárez can be dominant but fail to convert his efforts into goals. Despite his weaknesses, Suárez's leadership stood out to Ajax management. Controversies Suárez has been widely accused of diving. His manager, teammates and various analysts have commented that this reputation for simulation has caused referees not to award him legitimate penalties. In January 2013, Suárez admitted to diving against Stoke City in an October 2012 match. This led his manager Brendan Rodgers to comment his actions were "unacceptable" and that he would be dealt with "internally" by the club. During the 2018 World Cup game against Portugal, after collisions with Portuguese players, Suarez twice acted like he had a head injury despite Suarez's

head not being touched. Suárez has received infamy for the multiple occasions he has bitten opponents. In a Group D matchup at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Suarez was shown to have bit Italian defender Georgio Chiellini, resulting in FIFA suspending Suarez from all football activities for 4 months. While playing for Liverpool, Suarez bit Chelsea player Branislav Ivanovic in a Premier League match, and was punished with a ten match ban. In an earlier incident while playing for AFC Ajax he was caught biting PSV Eindhoven player Otman Bakkal and was suspended for seven games. Suárez has also been accused of stamping on opponents in the Premier League and the UEFA Europa League. Due to his diving, biting, stamping, and other antics, Suárez has been frequently labelled as a pest and a cheat.https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/1125949/Barcelona-Luis-Suarez-Liverpool-Champions-League-Frank-Leboeuf December 2013, Spanish football website El Gol Digital ranked Suárez at fifth in its list of the world's dirtiest footballers. Media and sponsorship Suárez had a sponsorship deal with German sportswear and equipment supplier Adidas, before switching to rivals Puma in 2018. Suárez starred in a 2014 advert for Beats with other global football stars including Neymar and Thierry Henry, with the theme of "The Game Before the Game" and the players' pre-game ritual of listening to music. In Uruguay, Suárez has also appeared in advertisements for Abitab, Antel, Cablevisión, Garnier, Pepsi and Samsung.La evolución actoral de Luis Suárez en seis publicidades – Facundo Macchi, El Observador, 26 April 2016 Suárez features in EA Sports' FIFA video game series: as a result of Suárez's ban for his bite on Giorgio Chiellini at the 2014 World Cup, players in FIFA 15 were unable to select Suárez until his ban ended on 26 October. Active on social media, Suárez has over 28 million Instagram followers, the most for a person from Uruguay. Personal life Suárez was born in Salto, Uruguay, the fourth of seven boys. His older brother, Paolo Suárez, is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Isidro Metapán in El Salvador. Suárez moved with his family to Montevideo when he was seven, and his parents separated when he was nine. In Montevideo, he developed his football skills on the streets, while also taking up work as a street sweeper. The contrast between his life in Europe and the poverty he left behind has been cited as contributing to his periodic aggression on the field, as well as being a possible explanation for the more forgiving attitudes of the Uruguayan public and press towards such cases, compared to Europe. Suárez is of mixed race, with public records indicating his having a black grandfather. The matter of ethnicity was raised in reporting on the Patrice Evra incident, where use by his grandmother, Lila Piriz, of "mi negrito" as a sobriquet has been offered to explain Suárez's repeated use of "negro" over the two-minute altercation; the FA judged his evidence unreliable en route to issuing him an eight-match ban. Suárez began dating Sofía Balbi at age 15 in Montevideo; the Balbi family moved to Barcelona in 2003, and Suárez's focus on football strengthened as a result as he wanted to follow them to Europe to join Sofía again. Suárez married her in 2009, and the couple have a daughter named Delfina (born 2010) and two sons named Benjamin (born 2013) and Lautaro (born 2018). He has a tattoo of his daughter’s name Delfina on his wrist which he kisses as part of his goal celebration – this celebration routine is featured in EA Sports’ video game FIFA 15. On 11 July 2014, Suárez joined Barcelona, allowing him to live

closer with his wife Sofía's family. On the move, Suárez said, "[Liverpool] did all they could to get me to stay, but playing and living in Spain, where my wife's family live, is a lifelong dream and ambition. I believe now the timing is right." In 2014, Suárez released his autobiography, Crossing the Line – My Story''. Career statistics Club International Honours Club Nacional Primera División: 2005–06 Ajax Eredivisie: 2010–11 KNVB Cup: 2009–10 Liverpool Football League Cup: 2011–12 Barcelona La Liga: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19 Copa del Rey: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18 Supercopa de España: 2016, 2018 UEFA Champions League: 2014–15 UEFA Super Cup: 2015 FIFA Club World Cup: 2015 International Uruguay Copa América: 2011 Individual Ajax Player of the Year: 2008–09, 2009–10 Dutch Footballer of the Year: 2009–10 Eredivisie Golden Boot: 2009–10 IFFHS World's Best Top Division Goalscorer: 2010, 2014, 2016 Copa América Player of the Tournament: 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or: 6th place 2011, 5th place 2015 PFA Team of the Year: 2012–13 Premier League, 2013–14 Premier League Liverpool Player of the Season: 2012–13, 2013–14 Premier League Player of the Month: December 2013, March 2014 Liverpool Players' Player of the Season: 2013–14 Liverpool Goal of the Season: 2013–14 PFA Players' Player of the Year: 2013–14 FWA Footballer of the Year: 2013–14 Premier League Player of the Season: 2013–14 Premier League Golden Boot: 2013–14 FSF Player of the Year: 2013–14 ESM Team of the Year: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 European Golden Shoe: 2013–14, 2015–16 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award: 2014 (8th place), 2015 (2nd place), 2016 (4th place) Trofeo EFE: 2014–15 UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2014–15, 2015–16 FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball: 2015 FIFA Club World Cup Golden Boot: 2015 FIFA Club World Cup MVP of the Final Match Trophy: 2015 La Liga Pichichi Trophy: 2015–16 La Liga World Player of the Year: 2015–16 Barcelona Player of the Season (Trofeo Aldo Rovira): 2015–16 UEFA La Liga Team of The Season: 2015–16, 2016–17 FIFA FIFPro World11: 2016 FIFA FIFPro World11 2nd team: 2014, 2015, 2017 FIFA FIFPro World11 3rd team: 2018 FIFA FIFPro World11 4th team: 2013 FIFA FIFPro World11 nominee: 2019 (7th forward) La Liga Player of the Month: May 2016, December 2017, October 2018, December 2019 See also List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals List of footballers with 100 or more caps Notes References External links Luis Suárez at FC Barcelona Luis Suárez at Liverpool F.C. History Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Salto, Uruguay Category:Uruguayan footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Club Nacional de Football players Category:FC Groningen players Category:AFC Ajax players Category:Liverpool F.C. players Category:FC Barcelona players Category:Uruguayan Primera División players Category:Eredivisie players Category:Premier League players Category:First Division/Premier League top scorers Category:UEFA Champions League winning players Category:Uruguay youth international footballers Category:Uruguay under-20 international footballers Category:Olympic footballers of Uruguay Category:Uruguay international footballers Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players Category:2011 Copa América players Category:Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players Category:Copa América Centenario players Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players Category:2019 Copa América players Category:Copa América-winning players Category:FIFA Century Club Category:Uruguayan expatriate footballers Category:Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands Category:Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in England Category:Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain Category:Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands Category:Expatriate footballers in England Category:Expatriate footballers in Spain Category:Race-related controversies in the United Kingdom Category:Violence in sports

Spirit Sensitive Spirit Sensitive is a hard-bop jazz album by Chico Freeman on India Navigation Records IN 1045. The LP, in contrast to many of his more avant-garde recordings of the same time frame, is a set that consists of jazz standards. Criticism Jazz critic Scott Yanow wrote: “…a change of pace for Freeman, for it features the usually adventurous tenor (who doubles on soprano) mostly playing warm versions of standards.” The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide called it an "exquisite ballad album... where Freeman blows standards with more invention and conviction than most old-timers" Track listing "Autumn in New York" (Vernon Duke) – 11:28 "Peace" (Horace Silver)– 7:53 "A Child Is Born" (Thad Jones) – 9:56 "It Never Entered My Mind" (Rodgers and Hart) – 11:04 "Close to You Alone" – (Cecil McBee) "Don't Get Around Much Anymore " – (Duke Ellington, Bob Russell) Reissues An audio CD of the album was released on September 5, 1994, by Analogue Productions, with four bonus tracks, two of them written by John Coltrane (“Lonnie’s Lament” and “Wise One”) and a running time of 63:18. In 1994, there was also a U.S. limited edition audiophile 6-track LP pressed on HQ-180 super vinyl. Personnel Chico Freeman - tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone Cecil McBee – bass John Hicks – piano Billy Hart - drums Famoudou Don Moye - drums Production India Navigation Cover and liner photos: Beth Cummins References Category:Chico Freeman albums Category:1979 albums Category:India Navigation albums