Datasets:

ibranze

/

araproje_mmlu_en_dynamic

like 0

[ "Which of the following are examples of continuous data? I. The speed your car goes II. The number of outcomes of a binomial experiment III. The average temperature in San Francisco IV. The wingspan of a bird V. The jersey numbers of a football team", "The number of leasable square feet of office space available in a city on any given day has a normal distribution with mean 640,000 square feet and standard deviation 18,000 square feet. What is the interquartile range for this distribution?", "Suppose that observations are available on the monthly bond prices of 100 companies for 5 years. What type of data are these?", "Julia would spend $30 per week even if she made no income. Her weekly income is $1000 and her marginal propensity to consume is 0.5. How much does Julia save per week?", "Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?" ]

[ "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Salespeople at a large consumer goods manufacturer are encouraged to ask probing questions of customers to identify their interests. Once their key desires have been uncovered, the salesperson should tailor a presentation so that the customers can see how the product will satisfy their wants. Which of the following presentation formats does the scenario best represent?", "Which of the following text features should a student examine first when determining the main idea of a passage in an informational text?", "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?" ]

[ "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "You observe the following while fitting a linear regression to the data: As you increase the amount of training data, the test error decreases and the training error increases. The train error is quite low (almost what you expect it to), while the test error is much higher than the train error. What do you think is the main reason behind this behavior. Choose the most probable option.", "When the labor demand curve is downward-sloping, an increase in the minimum wage is", "An ideal monatomic gas expands quasi-statically to twice its volume. If the process is isothermal, the work done by the gas is Wi. If the process is adiabatic, the work done by the gas is Wa. Which of the following is true?", "The equilibrium constant of a certain reaction is 2.6 × 10^8 at 25 °C. What is the value of ΔG°?" ]

[ "A state law requires any lawn mower sold in the state to meet a specified minimum level of fuel efficiency. A new federal statute requires all power equipment, including lawn mowers, to be labeled with energy efficiency stickers to permit purchasers to make informed choices when buying such equipment. The statute does not expressly preempt state law. Assume that no other federal statute or administrative regulation addresses the energy efficiency of power equipment. Which of the following is the best argument the state can make for the continued validity of its law? ", "The United States and Mexico entered into a tax treaty that provided that neither country would impose income taxes on citizens of the other nation. The treaty was ratified by the Senate. Recently, the President, angry over Mexico's perceived failure to abide by the terms of the treaty, has decided that the United States would not honor any of the terms of the treaty. The President then ordered the Internal Revenue Service to begin collecting income taxes from Mexican citizens residing in the United States in the same manner that it collects taxes from other residents of this country. A Mexican citizen and resident of the United States sues in an appropriate federal court, seeking a declaratory judgment that the treaty with Mexico remains valid and effective. Therefore, he contends that the Internal Revenue Service may not collect U. S. income taxes from him. Which of the following is the strongest constitutional grounds for the federal court to refuse to decide the suit on its merits?", "A private developer sought a building permit to build a nursing home in a district that was zoned \"residential\" by the township. The home would house 200 beds for persons needing nursing home care for the remainder of their lives. The state government approved the request and certified the need for more nursing homes in that township. The township, however, vehemently opposed permitting a nursing home in a residential zoning district and refused the building permit. The township's zoning law has 15 residential zones, each of which does not allow a nursing home. The nursing home sued in federal court requesting declaratory and injunctive relief on the basis that the zoning law was discriminatory against handicapped persons and a violation of federal law. Will the court compel the township to allow the construction of the nursing home?", "A plaintiff has sued the government for injuries she received when her car was allegedly forced off the road by a military convoy. At trial, an eyewitness testifies for the plaintiff and then is asked on cross- examination whether he belongs to a religious group that refuses on principle to file federal tax returns, because the revenues are used to build weapons of war. Is the question proper? ", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?" ]

[ "Which of the following factors inhibits non-haem iron bioavailability the most?\n", "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "Which of the following statements about plasma lipoproteins is correct?\n", "A 60-year-old man has had painful skin with exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes for 1 day. He has been taking allopurinol and probenecid for 2 weeks because of gouty arthritis. There is diffuse exfoliation of the skin with oozing of serous fluid. The mucous membranes of the mouth are erythematous and exfoliated. There are no target lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?", "Short-term changes in plant growth rate mediated by the plant hormone auxin are hypothesized to result from" ]

[ "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following argument is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nA ⊃ (~B ≡ C)\nB ≡ D\n~C ≡ ~D / ~A", " Use indirect truth tables to determine whether each set of propositions is consistent. If the set is consistent, choose an option with a consistent valuation. (There may be other consistent valuations.)\n(G ≡ H) ⊃ H\n~H ∨ I\nG · ~I", " Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){(Lx • Ax) ⊃ (∃y)[(Hy • ~Ly) • Bxy]}", "Statement 1 | Every integral domain has a field of quotients. Statement 2 | A polynomial of degree n over a ring can have at most n zeros counting multiplicity.", "Which of the following statements are true concerning the class of ARIMA(p,d,q) models?\n\n(i) The \"I\" stands for independent\n\n(ii) An ARIMA(p,1,q) model estimated on a series of logs of prices is equivalent to an ARIMA(p,0,q) model estimated on a set of continuously compounded returns\n\n(iii) It is plausible for financial time series that the optimal value of d could be 2 or 3.\n\n(iv) The estimation of ARIMA models is incompatible with the notion of cointegration" ]

[ "Which of the following situations does NOT occur in a federal state?", "Federalism is a principle of government in which", "Part of the Inca political strategy included all of the following EXCEPT:", "The rectangular land survey system is based on all of the following EXCEPT", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I brought juice boxes for the kids as a special treat. Scenario 2 | I suggested my mother-in-law move to Florida because she is deathly scared of hurricanes.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I wrote a petition for the governor to resign after he misused the city's money for his own personal use. Scenario 2 | I hurt myself when I slipped in the shower.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | Because I've been nervous about retirement, I decided to take risky investments out of my portfolio. Scenario 2 | I think that cannibalism is really as horrible as everyone makes it out to be.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I tossed a hair dryer into the swimming pool. Scenario 2 | I took a bite out of an apple and put it back in my fridge." ]

[ "As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board. A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word?", "A man works as an engineer in a small building. He uses a candle to meditate when he is stressed on the job, which then calms him down. He has been mulling an idea in his mind to take a lot of money from his employer using his computer skills, and he has worked out a general plan in his mind. Once he obtains the money, he thinks it might be good to let a candle drop and have the whole building burn down. While he is out at lunch, the janitorial staff came through his office. While cleaning the area, one person lit a candle on the man's desk. When they left, he forgot to blow it out. They slammed the door on the way out, causing the lit candle to fall. It started a fire that burned the building down. What crime, if any, is the man most likely to be convicted of?", "You observe the following while fitting a linear regression to the data: As you increase the amount of training data, the test error decreases and the training error increases. The train error is quite low (almost what you expect it to), while the test error is much higher than the train error. What do you think is the main reason behind this behavior. Choose the most probable option.", "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?", "A sample of an unknown chloride compound was dissolved in water, and then titrated with excess Pb(NO3)2 to create a precipitate. After drying, it is determined there are 0.0050 mol of precipitate present. What mass of chloride is present in the original sample?" ]

[ "A real image can be cast on a screen by a", "What is soft power?", "How many 'true' movements are available at the hip?", "What is meant by a grand strategy of 'primacy'?", "Research investigating the effects of the “jigsaw method“ in the classroom demonstrated that it:" ]

[ "The national and state governments share all of the following powers EXCEPT the power to", "When the labor demand curve is downward-sloping, an increase in the minimum wage is", "A state law requires any lawn mower sold in the state to meet a specified minimum level of fuel efficiency. A new federal statute requires all power equipment, including lawn mowers, to be labeled with energy efficiency stickers to permit purchasers to make informed choices when buying such equipment. The statute does not expressly preempt state law. Assume that no other federal statute or administrative regulation addresses the energy efficiency of power equipment. Which of the following is the best argument the state can make for the continued validity of its law? ", "In general, the higher the intensity of exercise, the greater the proportional contribution of:", "The United States and Mexico entered into a tax treaty that provided that neither country would impose income taxes on citizens of the other nation. The treaty was ratified by the Senate. Recently, the President, angry over Mexico's perceived failure to abide by the terms of the treaty, has decided that the United States would not honor any of the terms of the treaty. The President then ordered the Internal Revenue Service to begin collecting income taxes from Mexican citizens residing in the United States in the same manner that it collects taxes from other residents of this country. A Mexican citizen and resident of the United States sues in an appropriate federal court, seeking a declaratory judgment that the treaty with Mexico remains valid and effective. Therefore, he contends that the Internal Revenue Service may not collect U. S. income taxes from him. Which of the following is the strongest constitutional grounds for the federal court to refuse to decide the suit on its merits?" ]

[ "Why doesn't Venus have seasons like Mars and Earth do?", "Which of these months has 31 days?", "What dangers are currently faced by each Mars Exploration Rover?", "Which is the least likely cause of death?", "How prevalent is terrorist activity?" ]

[ "If one arch of the curve y = sin x is revolved around the x-axis, what's the volume of the generated solid?", "Consider a ball rolling down an inclined plane. The normal force on the ball (the force perpendicular to the plane).", "You have a wire of length L, radius Q, and resistance Q. You need to obtain half that resistance using the same material and changing only one factor. You could", "An ideal monatomic gas expands quasi-statically to twice its volume. If the process is isothermal, the work done by the gas is Wi. If the process is adiabatic, the work done by the gas is Wa. Which of the following is true?", "A magnetic force can act on an electron even when it" ]

[ "The relationship between shareholders and the company, or so called ________, describes shareholders as _________ and managers of the company as ________.", "Since the late 1800s, tidal gauges indicate that mean global sea level has ________; there is consensus among scientists that sea level ______.", "________ are strategies associated with developing positive relationships between an organization and its public.", "According to Vygotsky, a teacher’s changing level of guidance based on the student’s performance level is called ___________.", "The ________________method is one of the main approaches to segmenting markets by adopting the view that the market consists of customers that are essentially the same, so the task is to identify groups which share particular differences." ]

[ "Write 5.875 as a mixed number or fraction in simplest form.", "Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?", "The equilibrium constant of a certain reaction is 2.6 × 10^8 at 25 °C. What is the value of ΔG°?", "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "How many integers 1-9 are divisors of the five-digit number 24,516?" ]

[ "Which is the hottest planet?", "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Why doesn't Venus have seasons like Mars and Earth do?", "How many integers 1-9 are divisors of the five-digit number 24,516?" ]

[ "As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board. A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word?", "How many 'true' movements are available at the hip?", "A research participant eats half a bowl of M&M candies, and then stops eating. How would a motivation researcher using drive reduction theory explain this participant's behavior?", "Which of the following text features should a student examine first when determining the main idea of a passage in an informational text?", "Dr. Sperline is ordering a chemical for his students to use in an experiment. He knows that each student will need to use 0.797 grams of magnesium in the first step of the experiment and 0.892 grams in a later step. He uses front-end estimation with an adjustment to figure out the approximate amount of magnesium needed by each student. What is his estimate?" ]

[ "What has been the effect of chemical weapons on international society?", "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?", "State-sponsored terrorism has occurred recently in which of the following countries?", "What is meant by a grand strategy of 'primacy'?", "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\nBECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties, if abridged of the Freedom of their Consciences, as to their Religious Profession and Worship: And Almighty God being the only Lord of Conscience, Father of Lights and Spirits; and the Author as well as Object of all divine Knowledge, Faith and Worship, who only doth enlighten the Minds, and persuade and convince the Understanding of People, I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World; and profess him or themselves obliged to live quietly under the Civil Government, shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious Worship, Place or Ministry, contrary to his or their Mind.…\n—William Penn, Charter of Privileges Granted by William Penn,\nesq. to the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania and Territories, October 28, 1701\nPenn's Charter of Privileges can be seen as a forerunner to which of the following?", "This question refers to the following information.\nRead the the following petition to answer questions.\nThe Scribbling-Machines have thrown thousands of your petitioners out of employ, whereby they are brought into great distress, and are not able to procure a maintenance for their families, and deprived them of the opportunity of bringing up their children to labour. … The number of Scribbling-Machines extending about seventeen miles south-west of Leeds exceed all belief, being no less than one hundred and seventy! And as each machine will do as much work in twelve hours, as ten men can in that time do by hand, … [And, as the machines do] as much work in one day as would otherwise employ twenty men, … [a] full four thousand men are left to shift for a living how they can, and must of course fall to the Parish, if not timely relieved. … How are those men, thus thrown out of employ to provide for their families; and what are they to put their children apprentice to, that the rising generation may have something to keep them at work, in order that they may not be like vagabonds strolling about in idleness? … Many more evils we could enumerate, but we would hope, that the sensible part of mankind, who are not biased by interest, must see the dreadful tendency of their continuance; a depopulation must be the consequence; trade being then lost, the landed interest will have no other satisfaction but that of being last devoured.\nLeeds Woolen Workers Petition, 1786\nThe authors of this document made which of the following assumptions?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?" ]

[ "The rectangular land survey system is based on all of the following EXCEPT", "Human domination of the planet is a culmination of:", "The national and state governments share all of the following powers EXCEPT the power to", "The recent global sustainability agenda has been dominated by which of the following organisations sustainability goals?", "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?" ]

[ "Solve for y. y – 2 + 3y = 10", "What is the minimum value of $a^2+6a-7$?", "Solve 3 over 2 * w = 66.", "Which situation can be solved using the expression 21 / 3?", "Let $f(x) = (x+2)^2-5$. If the domain of $f$ is all real numbers, then $f$ does not have an inverse function, but if we restrict the domain of $f$ to an interval $[c,\\infty)$, then $f$ may have an inverse function. What is the smallest value of $c$ we can use here, so that $f$ does have an inverse function?" ]

[ "Which of the following guidelines is applicable to initialization of the weight vector in a fully connected neural network.", "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "The Ego Autonomous Functions have adaptive functions. The following statements relate to them. In which of the following situations is The Ego Autonomous Function defined incorrectly:", "Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?" ]

[ "The relationship between shareholders and the company, or so called ________, describes shareholders as _________ and managers of the company as ________.", "The ________________method is one of the main approaches to segmenting markets by adopting the view that the market consists of customers that are essentially the same, so the task is to identify groups which share particular differences.", "________ are strategies associated with developing positive relationships between an organization and its public.", "______, ________ and _______ are all factors which can impinge upon stakeholder communication and collaboration.", "Since the late 1800s, tidal gauges indicate that mean global sea level has ________; there is consensus among scientists that sea level ______." ]

[ "How prevalent is terrorist activity?", "Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?", "State-sponsored terrorism has occurred recently in which of the following countries?", "How can examination of previous state practice and policy be used to justify humanitarian intervention?", "What dangers are currently faced by each Mars Exploration Rover?" ]

[ "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "Which of the following would be the most accurate definition of Nietzsche’s Will to Truth?\"", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?", "Which of the following situations does NOT occur in a federal state?" ]

[ "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of:", "Ethics of duty is a principle based ethical theory attributed to Emmanuel Kant.", "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:" ]

[ "Frankie’s baseball team scored 16 runs in a game. Max’s baseball team scored 8 runs in a game. Which statement about the number of runs scored by Frankie’s and Max’s baseball teams is true?", "A buyer sent an e-mail to a retailer of camping supplies inquiring about the possibility of purchasing a tent that would sleep four adults. The buyer explained that he was planning for an upcoming camping trip at the end of the month. The retailer responded by e-mail:\"I can sell you a tent that would sleep four, for $500. This price is good for one week. \"Three days later, the retailer learned from another seller of camping supplies that the same buyer had come to her store the day before and had inquired about purchasing a tent that would sleep four adults. The other seller told the retailer that she had quoted the buyer a price of $600 for a tent that would sleep four adults. The next day, the buyer telephoned the retailer and stated that he wanted to buy the tent for $500. The retailer replied: \"I do not want to sell to you. I tried to deal with you in good faith, but I hear you've been comparing my prices with other sellers. Why don't you deal with them!\" The retailer then slammed down the phone. Assume that the retailer's e-mail created in the buyer a valid power of acceptance. Was that power terminated when the retailer learned from the other seller of the buyer's conversation with the other seller?", "Water Works had a long-standing policy of offering employees $100 for suggestions actually used. Due to inflation and a decline in the quantity and quality of suggestions received, Water Works decided to increase the award to $500. Several suggestions were under consideration at that time. Two days prior to the public announcement of the increase to $500, a suggestion by Farber was accepted and put into use. Farber is seeking to collect $500. Farber is entitled to", "Which of the following are examples of continuous data? I. The speed your car goes II. The number of outcomes of a binomial experiment III. The average temperature in San Francisco IV. The wingspan of a bird V. The jersey numbers of a football team", "A man with a herniated lumbar disk was a passenger in a car that was hit by another car going through a stop sign. He was hospitalized and released with instructions to continue his ongoing therapy treatments. X-rays and MRI's had shown the same lumbar disk herniation, and no additional injuries, although the man reported increased pain, discomfort and inability to function. He now required twice as much therapy and significantly stronger medications to control the pain. He sued the negligent driver. The driver argued that the passenger had the same herniated disk prior to and after the accident. Will the court take the case away from the jury on the basis that the passenger has not shown an injury?" ]

[ "Which of the following would be the most accurate definition of Nietzsche’s Will to Truth?\"", "Which one of the following doctrines is not associated with Natural Law thinking", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?", "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:" ]

[ "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?", "You observe the following while fitting a linear regression to the data: As you increase the amount of training data, the test error decreases and the training error increases. The train error is quite low (almost what you expect it to), while the test error is much higher than the train error. What do you think is the main reason behind this behavior. Choose the most probable option.", "Which of the following statements are true concerning the class of ARIMA(p,d,q) models?\n\n(i) The \"I\" stands for independent\n\n(ii) An ARIMA(p,1,q) model estimated on a series of logs of prices is equivalent to an ARIMA(p,0,q) model estimated on a set of continuously compounded returns\n\n(iii) It is plausible for financial time series that the optimal value of d could be 2 or 3.\n\n(iv) The estimation of ARIMA models is incompatible with the notion of cointegration", "A sample of size 35 is to be drawn from a large population. The sampling technique is such that every possible sample of size 35 that could be drawn from the population is equally likely. What name is given to this type of sample?" ]

[ "Which of the following would be the most accurate definition of Nietzsche’s Will to Truth?\"", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "What is meant by a grand strategy of 'primacy'?", "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for \"Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent\"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) \"Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled\" and \"Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled,\" action has become necessary and exigent…\"\nLetter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514\nThe empire founded by Ismail I can be best characterized by which religious tradition?" ]

[ "Who was the first jurist to study comparative aspect of law?", "The United States and Mexico entered into a tax treaty that provided that neither country would impose income taxes on citizens of the other nation. The treaty was ratified by the Senate. Recently, the President, angry over Mexico's perceived failure to abide by the terms of the treaty, has decided that the United States would not honor any of the terms of the treaty. The President then ordered the Internal Revenue Service to begin collecting income taxes from Mexican citizens residing in the United States in the same manner that it collects taxes from other residents of this country. A Mexican citizen and resident of the United States sues in an appropriate federal court, seeking a declaratory judgment that the treaty with Mexico remains valid and effective. Therefore, he contends that the Internal Revenue Service may not collect U. S. income taxes from him. Which of the following is the strongest constitutional grounds for the federal court to refuse to decide the suit on its merits?", "A state law requires any lawn mower sold in the state to meet a specified minimum level of fuel efficiency. A new federal statute requires all power equipment, including lawn mowers, to be labeled with energy efficiency stickers to permit purchasers to make informed choices when buying such equipment. The statute does not expressly preempt state law. Assume that no other federal statute or administrative regulation addresses the energy efficiency of power equipment. Which of the following is the best argument the state can make for the continued validity of its law? ", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?" ]

[ "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "Usually, the supply curve of firms operating under conditions of perfect competition in product market would be identified as", "Stagflation occurs when", "If an autosomal recessive disorder which shows Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has an incidence of 1 in 6400 then the frequency of carriers is approximately _______.", "Similar evolutionary changes occurring in two species that can be related or unrelated." ]

[ "Salespeople at a large consumer goods manufacturer are encouraged to ask probing questions of customers to identify their interests. Once their key desires have been uncovered, the salesperson should tailor a presentation so that the customers can see how the product will satisfy their wants. Which of the following presentation formats does the scenario best represent?", " This is the unpaid peer-to-peer communication of often provocative content originating from an identified sponsor using the Internet to persuade or influence an audience to pass along the content to others:", "A research participant eats half a bowl of M&M candies, and then stops eating. How would a motivation researcher using drive reduction theory explain this participant's behavior?", "Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?", "Walter Christaller developed central place theory as a tool to describe the spatial relationships between" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I tossed a ball at my mother's vase. Scenario 2 | I filled the balloon and gave it back to the child.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I cut my neighbor's yard for them. Scenario 2 | There were signs saying not to wear sunscreen in the hot springs but I did it anyway.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | Whenever it's time to feed the dog, I place an empty bowl for him to eat. Scenario 2 | I took a baseball bat and swung at the ball.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I spray painted the rusty fence so it would look better. Scenario 2 | I put the matches on the table where my son could reach them." ]

[ "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following argument is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nA ⊃ (~B ≡ C)\nB ≡ D\n~C ≡ ~D / ~A", "Which of the following statements are true concerning the class of ARIMA(p,d,q) models?\n\n(i) The \"I\" stands for independent\n\n(ii) An ARIMA(p,1,q) model estimated on a series of logs of prices is equivalent to an ARIMA(p,0,q) model estimated on a set of continuously compounded returns\n\n(iii) It is plausible for financial time series that the optimal value of d could be 2 or 3.\n\n(iv) The estimation of ARIMA models is incompatible with the notion of cointegration", " Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){(Lx • Ax) ⊃ (∃y)[(Hy • ~Ly) • Bxy]}", "Let $f(x) = (x+2)^2-5$. If the domain of $f$ is all real numbers, then $f$ does not have an inverse function, but if we restrict the domain of $f$ to an interval $[c,\\infty)$, then $f$ may have an inverse function. What is the smallest value of $c$ we can use here, so that $f$ does have an inverse function?", "The Ego Autonomous Functions have adaptive functions. The following statements relate to them. In which of the following situations is The Ego Autonomous Function defined incorrectly:" ]

[ "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Salespeople at a large consumer goods manufacturer are encouraged to ask probing questions of customers to identify their interests. Once their key desires have been uncovered, the salesperson should tailor a presentation so that the customers can see how the product will satisfy their wants. Which of the following presentation formats does the scenario best represent?", "As Cold War tensions declined, which three international issues emerged as new interested in the field of peace studies?" ]

[ "The social phenomenon of groupthink is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:", "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "A sample of size 35 is to be drawn from a large population. The sampling technique is such that every possible sample of size 35 that could be drawn from the population is equally likely. What name is given to this type of sample?", "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "The Ego Autonomous Functions have adaptive functions. The following statements relate to them. In which of the following situations is The Ego Autonomous Function defined incorrectly:" ]

[ "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "A state law requires any lawn mower sold in the state to meet a specified minimum level of fuel efficiency. A new federal statute requires all power equipment, including lawn mowers, to be labeled with energy efficiency stickers to permit purchasers to make informed choices when buying such equipment. The statute does not expressly preempt state law. Assume that no other federal statute or administrative regulation addresses the energy efficiency of power equipment. Which of the following is the best argument the state can make for the continued validity of its law? ", "The United States and Mexico entered into a tax treaty that provided that neither country would impose income taxes on citizens of the other nation. The treaty was ratified by the Senate. Recently, the President, angry over Mexico's perceived failure to abide by the terms of the treaty, has decided that the United States would not honor any of the terms of the treaty. The President then ordered the Internal Revenue Service to begin collecting income taxes from Mexican citizens residing in the United States in the same manner that it collects taxes from other residents of this country. A Mexican citizen and resident of the United States sues in an appropriate federal court, seeking a declaratory judgment that the treaty with Mexico remains valid and effective. Therefore, he contends that the Internal Revenue Service may not collect U. S. income taxes from him. Which of the following is the strongest constitutional grounds for the federal court to refuse to decide the suit on its merits?", "Which of the following is not a reason for following a vegetarian diet?\n", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?" ]

[ "Which situation can be solved using the expression 21 / 3?", "What is the minimum value of $a^2+6a-7$?", "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following argument is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nA ⊃ (~B ≡ C)\nB ≡ D\n~C ≡ ~D / ~A", " Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){(Lx • Ax) ⊃ (∃y)[(Hy • ~Ly) • Bxy]}", "Solve for y. y – 2 + 3y = 10" ]

[ "An ideal monatomic gas expands quasi-statically to twice its volume. If the process is isothermal, the work done by the gas is Wi. If the process is adiabatic, the work done by the gas is Wa. Which of the following is true?", "Which of the following is true for Br2 at standard temperature and pressure?", "Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?", "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "A sample of an unknown chloride compound was dissolved in water, and then titrated with excess Pb(NO3)2 to create a precipitate. After drying, it is determined there are 0.0050 mol of precipitate present. What mass of chloride is present in the original sample?" ]

[ "Which of the following would be the most accurate definition of Nietzsche’s Will to Truth?\"", "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Which one of the following doctrines is not associated with Natural Law thinking", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?" ]

[ "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "Which of the following statements about plasma lipoproteins is correct?\n", "Which of the following are not true regarding macrobiotic and vegan diets?\n", "Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?" ]

[ "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?", "What has been the effect of chemical weapons on international society?", "What is virus attenuation in practical terms for successful vaccine discovery?", "May States incur liability for the debts and wrongdoings attributable to an international organisation to which they are parties?", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?" ]

[ "The two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are:", "Pharyngeal mucosa is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerves because it develops from the", "Short-term changes in plant growth rate mediated by the plant hormone auxin are hypothesized to result from", "When branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly:", "An organism with a lobed thallus, rhizoids, and gemmae is a" ]

[ "What are the differences between 'greedy state' and 'security seeker' states?", "What is meant by a grand strategy of 'primacy'?", "What is the last stage in the \"coming out\" process?", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I wowed the audience. Scenario 2 | I visit my granny in the hospital to eat with her.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I dropped my baby doll on the ground. Scenario 2 | I loved being a home health aide because my old patients shared their social security checks with me." ]

[ "Which of the following is not a reason for following a vegetarian diet?\n", "Which of the following statements about plasma lipoproteins is correct?\n", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?" ]

[ "A homeowner owned a single-story ranch- style home that was her primary residence. The homeowner received notice that her uncle had passed away and left her a two-story mansion in a neighboring city. The homeowner decided to move her primary residence to the mansion and rent the ranch-style home. She entered into a one- year written lease agreement with a tenant. The agreement set the monthly rent at $1,000. Shortly after the tenant took possession of the home, he built, at his own expense, a room addition onto the home. The room addition increased the appraised market value of the home from $200,000 to $250,000. At the expiration of the lease, the homeowner informed the tenant that she had decided to sell the home. She offered the tenant the first opportunity to buy the home, but the tenant replied that he could not afford to do so. The tenant did claim that he should be entitled to compensation for the room addition, since it had increased the value of the home, and the homeowner agreed. The tenant and the homeowner then executed the following agreement:\"On the sale of the ranch-style home, the homeowner hereby promises to pay the tenant one- half of any sale proceeds in excess of $200,000, in compensation of the tenant's efforts in constructing the room addition onto the home. In addition, it is hereby agreed that the tenant may remain on the land until the sale is finalized, at a monthly rent of$500. ,'The homeowner initially set the asking price at $250,000, but received no offers to purchase the home. The homeowner decided to reduce the price to $210,000. This price reduction so infuriated the tenant that he thereafter made negative comments about the home to all of the prospective buyers who visited the home. Two months later, the homeowner sold the home to a buyer for $206,000. The buyer had visited the home while the tenant was away on a business trip and therefore did not hear the tenant's negative comments. Thereupon, the tenant, who had paid no rent for the final two months, moved out. After the sale was finalized, the homeowner refused to pay the tenant any of the sale proceeds. Which of the following statements, if true, most persuasively supports the tenant's contention that he is entitled to recover at least $4,000 from the owner (or the equivalent of one-half of the sale proceeds in excess of $200,000, minus two months' unpaid rent at $500 per month)?", "Betty Buyer wanted to buy an antique Volvo automobile owned by Sarah Seller who had previously expressed some interest in selling. Betty wrote Sarah a signed letter on April 1 stating \"I will buy your Volvo for $10,000 cash upon you bringing the vehicle to my home before April 5. This offer is not subject to countermand.\" On April 2 Sarah received the letter and wrote back a signed letter to Betty stating \"I accept your offer and promise to deliver the Volvo to you as you request.\" Unfortunately, the Postal Authority delayed delivery of Sarah's letter for 10 days. In the mean time, Betty grew tired of not hearing from Sarah and purchased another car. When she learned that Betty would not complete the transfer, Sarah sued for breach of contract. The court will likely hold that", "A guitarist and lead singer for a rock and roll band was performing a concert when an overhead strobe light fell on stage and struck him. The singer suffered a fractured skull and was hospitalized for an extended period of time. A lighting company was hired by the venue to perform the strobe lighting show at the concert. During his hospital stay, the singer sent a letter to the lighting company's president threatening to sue and holding the lighting company responsible for the accident. After receiving the singer's letter, the company's attorney visited the singer at the hospital where he was being treated. The attorney entered the singer's hospital room and told him, \"The company will pay your medical expenses if you will give a release. \" The singer remained silent, and the attorney then left the room. Thereafter, the singer filed a lawsuit against the lighting company to recover damages for his injury. At trial, the singer seeks to introduce into evidence the attorney's statement at the hospital. Upon objection, the attorney's statement should be", "A retail store runs an advertisement in the local newspaper stating: \"Only 3 cashmere sweaters remaining; highest quality; real Polo; one grey, one maroon and one beige; on closeout, starting 9 a.m. Saturday, $5.00 each, first-come, first-served.\" A store customer was the first to arrive on Saturday morning. He located the three advertised sweaters, picked them up, handed $15.00 to the clerk, and demanded all three sweaters at $5 each. The clerk stated that the store's price on each sweater was actually $50 each. The customer demanded the advertised price. Who has the superior legal position?", "A builder had a contract to build a swimming pool for a residential customer. That customer's next door neighbor went to the builder and paid him extra to break the contract with the customer and instead to build a swimming pool on the neighbor's premises. The builder commenced building a swimming pool for the neighbor and breached his contract with the original customer. The original customer sued his neighbor in a tort claim for damages. Does the original customer have a valid claim against his neighbor?" ]

[ "Which of the following are examples of continuous data? I. The speed your car goes II. The number of outcomes of a binomial experiment III. The average temperature in San Francisco IV. The wingspan of a bird V. The jersey numbers of a football team", "Suppose that observations are available on the monthly bond prices of 100 companies for 5 years. What type of data are these?", "Julia would spend $30 per week even if she made no income. Her weekly income is $1000 and her marginal propensity to consume is 0.5. How much does Julia save per week?", "You observe the following while fitting a linear regression to the data: As you increase the amount of training data, the test error decreases and the training error increases. The train error is quite low (almost what you expect it to), while the test error is much higher than the train error. What do you think is the main reason behind this behavior. Choose the most probable option.", "Dr. Sperline is ordering a chemical for his students to use in an experiment. He knows that each student will need to use 0.797 grams of magnesium in the first step of the experiment and 0.892 grams in a later step. He uses front-end estimation with an adjustment to figure out the approximate amount of magnesium needed by each student. What is his estimate?" ]

[ "Which of the following are not true regarding macrobiotic and vegan diets?\n", "Which of the following is not a reason for following a vegetarian diet?\n", "What chemical do people frequently use to bleach hair?", "High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener containing fructose that is derived from corn starch and often added to soft drinks. Which of the following reactions would most likely be involved in the production of HFCS? (The letter \"n\" indicates multiple copies of a molecule in a polymer.)", "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?" ]

[ "What is virus attenuation in practical terms for successful vaccine discovery?", "What should be done after catheterization is carried out?", "Which of the following provides visual evidence of genetic recombination during meiosis?", "Which is the least likely cause of death?", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?" ]

[ "A young woman comes to the clinic for feeling like her “heart is beating too fast”. When her pulse is recorded it is in normal range. Upon interview, you learn that she is often concerned about lots of things. In fact, she can’t remember many instances in which she has not had some event playing over and over in her head. She says that she often seeks out relationships to comfort her self-esteem, and admits she stays in these relationships too long for fear of being alone. What personality cluster would this person fall under?", "An 84-year-old female is diagnosed with a third recurrence of breast cancer that has now metastasized to the brain and lungs. She does not wish to pursue further treatment at this time despite being advised that this is a terminal condition. Her family insists on trying both radiation and chemotherapy in hopes that the cancer will again be successfully treated. It is the duty of the physician to", "A man with a herniated lumbar disk was a passenger in a car that was hit by another car going through a stop sign. He was hospitalized and released with instructions to continue his ongoing therapy treatments. X-rays and MRI's had shown the same lumbar disk herniation, and no additional injuries, although the man reported increased pain, discomfort and inability to function. He now required twice as much therapy and significantly stronger medications to control the pain. He sued the negligent driver. The driver argued that the passenger had the same herniated disk prior to and after the accident. Will the court take the case away from the jury on the basis that the passenger has not shown an injury?", "A 25-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of fainting spells, which have been occurring several times a day for 10 days. These occur without warning and are not associated with any injury. The patient is evaluated during one of these falls, manifesting no change in heart rate, blood pressure, or color. Neurologic examination findings are normal. The most likely diagnosis is", "A buyer sent an e-mail to a retailer of camping supplies inquiring about the possibility of purchasing a tent that would sleep four adults. The buyer explained that he was planning for an upcoming camping trip at the end of the month. The retailer responded by e-mail:\"I can sell you a tent that would sleep four, for $500. This price is good for one week. \"Three days later, the retailer learned from another seller of camping supplies that the same buyer had come to her store the day before and had inquired about purchasing a tent that would sleep four adults. The other seller told the retailer that she had quoted the buyer a price of $600 for a tent that would sleep four adults. The next day, the buyer telephoned the retailer and stated that he wanted to buy the tent for $500. The retailer replied: \"I do not want to sell to you. I tried to deal with you in good faith, but I hear you've been comparing my prices with other sellers. Why don't you deal with them!\" The retailer then slammed down the phone. Assume that the retailer's e-mail created in the buyer a valid power of acceptance. Was that power terminated when the retailer learned from the other seller of the buyer's conversation with the other seller?" ]

[ "The expression –105 + (–14) + 34 simplifies to which of the following?", "The Ego Autonomous Functions have adaptive functions. The following statements relate to them. In which of the following situations is The Ego Autonomous Function defined incorrectly:", "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following argument is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nA ⊃ (~B ≡ C)\nB ≡ D\n~C ≡ ~D / ~A", "Which of the following guidelines is applicable to initialization of the weight vector in a fully connected neural network.", "What is x if 3 x = 84 ?" ]

[ "Let $f(x) = (x+2)^2-5$. If the domain of $f$ is all real numbers, then $f$ does not have an inverse function, but if we restrict the domain of $f$ to an interval $[c,\\infty)$, then $f$ may have an inverse function. What is the smallest value of $c$ we can use here, so that $f$ does have an inverse function?", "What is the minimum value of $a^2+6a-7$?", "Solve for y. y – 2 + 3y = 10", " Select the best English interpretation of the given proposition, using the following translation key: Ax: x is an apartment Hx: x is a house Lx: x is large Bxy: x is bigger than y (∀x){(Lx • Ax) ⊃ (∃y)[(Hy • ~Ly) • Bxy]}", "Solve 3 over 2 * w = 66." ]

[ "Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?", "Which of the following are not true regarding macrobiotic and vegan diets?\n", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "Suppose that observations are available on the monthly bond prices of 100 companies for 5 years. What type of data are these?" ]

[ "Which of the following statements are true concerning the class of ARIMA(p,d,q) models?\n\n(i) The \"I\" stands for independent\n\n(ii) An ARIMA(p,1,q) model estimated on a series of logs of prices is equivalent to an ARIMA(p,0,q) model estimated on a set of continuously compounded returns\n\n(iii) It is plausible for financial time series that the optimal value of d could be 2 or 3.\n\n(iv) The estimation of ARIMA models is incompatible with the notion of cointegration", "A sample of size 35 is to be drawn from a large population. The sampling technique is such that every possible sample of size 35 that could be drawn from the population is equally likely. What name is given to this type of sample?", "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "Dr. Sperline is ordering a chemical for his students to use in an experiment. He knows that each student will need to use 0.797 grams of magnesium in the first step of the experiment and 0.892 grams in a later step. He uses front-end estimation with an adjustment to figure out the approximate amount of magnesium needed by each student. What is his estimate?" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I cut my neighbor's yard for them. Scenario 2 | There were signs saying not to wear sunscreen in the hot springs but I did it anyway.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I dropped my baby doll on the ground. Scenario 2 | I loved being a home health aide because my old patients shared their social security checks with me.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | Because I've been nervous about retirement, I decided to take risky investments out of my portfolio. Scenario 2 | I think that cannibalism is really as horrible as everyone makes it out to be.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I brought juice boxes for the kids as a special treat. Scenario 2 | I suggested my mother-in-law move to Florida because she is deathly scared of hurricanes." ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides. It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture. When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be applied to the perineum, and the ends of it brought up to the head and given to an assistant to hold, and applying a ligature below the fracture, we give the ends of it to another assistant to make extension. If it is fractured near the knee, we apply the ligature immediately above the fracture, and give the ends to an assistant, with which to make extension upwards; and while we put a ligature round the knee to secure it, and while the patient lies thus, with his leg extended, we arrange the fracture.\"\nPaul of Aegina, Epitome: On the Fracture of the Thigh and Nose, late seventh century C.E.\nSource 2:\n\"Medicine considers the human body as to the means by which it is cured and by which it is driven away from health. The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes. Therefore in medicine we ought to know the causes of sickness and health. And because health and sickness and their causes are sometimes manifest, and sometimes hidden and not to be comprehended except by the study of symptoms, we must also study the symptoms of health and disease. Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.\"\nIbn Sina (Avicenna), On Medicine, ca. 1020 C.E.\nWhich of the following characterizes both of the passages?" ]

[ "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?", "After a big Thanksgiving dinner replete with turkey, stuffing, and all, Karmina becomes violently ill. In the weeks that follow this event, Karmina feels an unexplainable aversion to chicken, one of her favorite dishes. Karmina's feeling about chicken reflects", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I brought juice boxes for the kids as a special treat. Scenario 2 | I suggested my mother-in-law move to Florida because she is deathly scared of hurricanes.", "An 84-year-old female is diagnosed with a third recurrence of breast cancer that has now metastasized to the brain and lungs. She does not wish to pursue further treatment at this time despite being advised that this is a terminal condition. Her family insists on trying both radiation and chemotherapy in hopes that the cancer will again be successfully treated. It is the duty of the physician to", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I dropped my baby doll on the ground. Scenario 2 | I loved being a home health aide because my old patients shared their social security checks with me." ]

[ "______, ________ and _______ are all factors which can impinge upon stakeholder communication and collaboration.", "The relationship between shareholders and the company, or so called ________, describes shareholders as _________ and managers of the company as ________.", "According to Vygotsky, a teacher’s changing level of guidance based on the student’s performance level is called ___________.", "The ________________method is one of the main approaches to segmenting markets by adopting the view that the market consists of customers that are essentially the same, so the task is to identify groups which share particular differences.", "___________ act as cues by indicating to a potential customer that there is a bargain to be had." ]

[ "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "According to Kant, the basis of morality is the concept of:", "Which one of the following doctrines is not associated with Natural Law thinking", "Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of:", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\nYi Yin sacrificed to the former king, and presented the heir-king reverently before the shrine of his grandfather. . . . Yi Yin then clearly described the virtue of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the young king.\n\"Oh! of old the former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from Heaven. The spirits of the hills and rivers were all in tranquility; and the birds and beasts enjoyed their existence according to their nature. But their descendant did not follow their example, and Heaven sent down calamities, using our ruler, who possessed of its favor. The attack on Xia may be traced to the orgies in Ming Tiao. . . . Our king of Shang brilliantly displayed his sagely prowess; for oppression he substituted his generous gentleness. Now your Majesty is entering on the inheritance of his virtue; all depends on how you commence your reign.\n\"Oh! the former king began with careful attention to the bonds that hold men together. . . . Revere these warnings in your person. . . . The ways of Heaven are not invariable: on the good-doer it sends down all blessings, and on the evil-doer it sends down all miseries. If you not be virtuous, be it in large things or in small, it will bring the ruin of your ancestral temple.\"\n—Excerpted and adapted from the Shu Jing, 6th century BCE, China\nWhich of the following best supports the importance of ancestor worship in China during the period 600 BCE to 600 CE?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides. It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture. When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be applied to the perineum, and the ends of it brought up to the head and given to an assistant to hold, and applying a ligature below the fracture, we give the ends of it to another assistant to make extension. If it is fractured near the knee, we apply the ligature immediately above the fracture, and give the ends to an assistant, with which to make extension upwards; and while we put a ligature round the knee to secure it, and while the patient lies thus, with his leg extended, we arrange the fracture.\"\nPaul of Aegina, Epitome: On the Fracture of the Thigh and Nose, late seventh century C.E.\nSource 2:\n\"Medicine considers the human body as to the means by which it is cured and by which it is driven away from health. The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes. Therefore in medicine we ought to know the causes of sickness and health. And because health and sickness and their causes are sometimes manifest, and sometimes hidden and not to be comprehended except by the study of symptoms, we must also study the symptoms of health and disease. Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.\"\nIbn Sina (Avicenna), On Medicine, ca. 1020 C.E.\nWhich of the following characterizes both of the passages?" ]

[ "What is essential for diagnosis of arenavirus infection?", "What is virus attenuation in practical terms for successful vaccine discovery?", "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "The best place to listen to the general heart sound with a stethoscope is the", "Which of the following provides visual evidence of genetic recombination during meiosis?" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\nYi Yin sacrificed to the former king, and presented the heir-king reverently before the shrine of his grandfather. . . . Yi Yin then clearly described the virtue of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the young king.\n\"Oh! of old the former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from Heaven. The spirits of the hills and rivers were all in tranquility; and the birds and beasts enjoyed their existence according to their nature. But their descendant did not follow their example, and Heaven sent down calamities, using our ruler, who possessed of its favor. The attack on Xia may be traced to the orgies in Ming Tiao. . . . Our king of Shang brilliantly displayed his sagely prowess; for oppression he substituted his generous gentleness. Now your Majesty is entering on the inheritance of his virtue; all depends on how you commence your reign.\n\"Oh! the former king began with careful attention to the bonds that hold men together. . . . Revere these warnings in your person. . . . The ways of Heaven are not invariable: on the good-doer it sends down all blessings, and on the evil-doer it sends down all miseries. If you not be virtuous, be it in large things or in small, it will bring the ruin of your ancestral temple.\"\n—Excerpted and adapted from the Shu Jing, 6th century BCE, China\nWhich of the following best supports the importance of ancestor worship in China during the period 600 BCE to 600 CE?", "This question refers to the following information.\nRead the the following petition to answer questions.\nThe Scribbling-Machines have thrown thousands of your petitioners out of employ, whereby they are brought into great distress, and are not able to procure a maintenance for their families, and deprived them of the opportunity of bringing up their children to labour. … The number of Scribbling-Machines extending about seventeen miles south-west of Leeds exceed all belief, being no less than one hundred and seventy! And as each machine will do as much work in twelve hours, as ten men can in that time do by hand, … [And, as the machines do] as much work in one day as would otherwise employ twenty men, … [a] full four thousand men are left to shift for a living how they can, and must of course fall to the Parish, if not timely relieved. … How are those men, thus thrown out of employ to provide for their families; and what are they to put their children apprentice to, that the rising generation may have something to keep them at work, in order that they may not be like vagabonds strolling about in idleness? … Many more evils we could enumerate, but we would hope, that the sensible part of mankind, who are not biased by interest, must see the dreadful tendency of their continuance; a depopulation must be the consequence; trade being then lost, the landed interest will have no other satisfaction but that of being last devoured.\nLeeds Woolen Workers Petition, 1786\nThe authors of this document made which of the following assumptions?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?" ]

[ "A plaintiff has sued the government for injuries she received when her car was allegedly forced off the road by a military convoy. At trial, an eyewitness testifies for the plaintiff and then is asked on cross- examination whether he belongs to a religious group that refuses on principle to file federal tax returns, because the revenues are used to build weapons of war. Is the question proper? ", "A guitarist and lead singer for a rock and roll band was performing a concert when an overhead strobe light fell on stage and struck him. The singer suffered a fractured skull and was hospitalized for an extended period of time. A lighting company was hired by the venue to perform the strobe lighting show at the concert. During his hospital stay, the singer sent a letter to the lighting company's president threatening to sue and holding the lighting company responsible for the accident. After receiving the singer's letter, the company's attorney visited the singer at the hospital where he was being treated. The attorney entered the singer's hospital room and told him, \"The company will pay your medical expenses if you will give a release. \" The singer remained silent, and the attorney then left the room. Thereafter, the singer filed a lawsuit against the lighting company to recover damages for his injury. At trial, the singer seeks to introduce into evidence the attorney's statement at the hospital. Upon objection, the attorney's statement should be", "An employer offered to pay a terminated employee $50,000 to release all claims the employee might have against the employer. The employee orally accepted the offer. The employer then prepared an unsigned release agreement and sent it to the employee for him to sign. The employee carefully prepared, signed, and sent to the employer a substitute release agreement that was identical to the original except that it excluded from the release any age discrimination claims. The employer signed the substitute release without reading it. Shortly thereafter, the employee notified the employer that he intended to sue the employer for age discrimination. Is the employer likely to prevail in an action seeking reformation of the release to conform to the parties' oral agreement? ", "Late one night, a defendant, who had a long history of drug-related arrests, was attending a party at a house. During the party, the defendant approached an undercover narcotics agent and offered to sell him some drugs. The undercover agent purchased the drugs from the defendant. Immediately thereafter, the undercover agent arrested the defendant and charged him with conspiracy to sell narcotics and sale of narcotics. He was convicted of both crimes and given consecutive seven-year sentences. On appeal, the defendant's best argument is which of the following?", "A builder had a contract to build a swimming pool for a residential customer. That customer's next door neighbor went to the builder and paid him extra to break the contract with the customer and instead to build a swimming pool on the neighbor's premises. The builder commenced building a swimming pool for the neighbor and breached his contract with the original customer. The original customer sued his neighbor in a tort claim for damages. Does the original customer have a valid claim against his neighbor?" ]

[ "A sample of an unknown chloride compound was dissolved in water, and then titrated with excess Pb(NO3)2 to create a precipitate. After drying, it is determined there are 0.0050 mol of precipitate present. What mass of chloride is present in the original sample?", "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?", "An ideal monatomic gas expands quasi-statically to twice its volume. If the process is isothermal, the work done by the gas is Wi. If the process is adiabatic, the work done by the gas is Wa. Which of the following is true?", "Without a warrant, police officers searched the garbage cans in the alley behind a man's house and discovered chemicals used to make methamphetamine, as well as cooking utensils and containers with the man's fingerprints on them. The alley was a public thoroughfare maintained by the city, and the garbage was picked up once a week by a private sanitation company. The items were found inside the garbage cans in plastic bags that had been tied closed and further secured with tape. The man was charged in federal court with the manufacture of methamphetamine. Did the search of the garbage cans violate the Fourth Amendment? ", "Dr. Sperline is ordering a chemical for his students to use in an experiment. He knows that each student will need to use 0.797 grams of magnesium in the first step of the experiment and 0.892 grams in a later step. He uses front-end estimation with an adjustment to figure out the approximate amount of magnesium needed by each student. What is his estimate?" ]

[ "Use rounding to estimate the product of 8.2 • 6.43 to the nearest whole number.", "The expression –105 + (–14) + 34 simplifies to which of the following?", "How many integers 1-9 are divisors of the five-digit number 24,516?", "What is the minimum value of $a^2+6a-7$?", "Use indirect truth tables to determine whether the following argument is valid. If the argument is invalid, choose an option which presents a counterexample. (There may be other counterexamples as well.)\nA ⊃ (~B ≡ C)\nB ≡ D\n~C ≡ ~D / ~A" ]

[ "What best characterizes the subsistence strategies of the North American Archaic period?", "This question refers to the following information.\nYi Yin sacrificed to the former king, and presented the heir-king reverently before the shrine of his grandfather. . . . Yi Yin then clearly described the virtue of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the young king.\n\"Oh! of old the former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from Heaven. The spirits of the hills and rivers were all in tranquility; and the birds and beasts enjoyed their existence according to their nature. But their descendant did not follow their example, and Heaven sent down calamities, using our ruler, who possessed of its favor. The attack on Xia may be traced to the orgies in Ming Tiao. . . . Our king of Shang brilliantly displayed his sagely prowess; for oppression he substituted his generous gentleness. Now your Majesty is entering on the inheritance of his virtue; all depends on how you commence your reign.\n\"Oh! the former king began with careful attention to the bonds that hold men together. . . . Revere these warnings in your person. . . . The ways of Heaven are not invariable: on the good-doer it sends down all blessings, and on the evil-doer it sends down all miseries. If you not be virtuous, be it in large things or in small, it will bring the ruin of your ancestral temple.\"\n—Excerpted and adapted from the Shu Jing, 6th century BCE, China\nWhich of the following best supports the importance of ancestor worship in China during the period 600 BCE to 600 CE?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?", "One fall weekend, an outdoorsman went on a camping trip to a remote wilderness area deep in the northern part of the state in which he lived. While on the trip, the outdoorsman went deer hunting. He was in a very desolate area, surrounded by a densely wooded terrain, that was located at least 100 miles from any habitation. After a rather uneventful morning with nothing at which to shoot, the outdoorsman suddenly spotted a bald eagle; a nearly extinct bird. The bald eagle was listed as an endangered species, and to shoot one in this state was a criminal offense. Unable to resist the temptation, the outdoorsman took a shot at the bald eagle. The bullet missed the bald eagle but struck a hermit, who had moved to the woods a few months earlier to escape from the stresses of society. The hermit had been napping in a secluded area. The bullet hit the hermit in the eye and permanently blinded him. The outdoorsman was unaware of the hermit's presence. If the hermit asserts a claim against the outdoorsman to recover damages for his injury, the hermit will", "Water Works had a long-standing policy of offering employees $100 for suggestions actually used. Due to inflation and a decline in the quantity and quality of suggestions received, Water Works decided to increase the award to $500. Several suggestions were under consideration at that time. Two days prior to the public announcement of the increase to $500, a suggestion by Farber was accepted and put into use. Farber is seeking to collect $500. Farber is entitled to" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"One-half of the people of this nation to-day are utterly powerless to blot from the statute books an unjust law, or to write there a new and a just one. The women, dissatisfied as they are with this form of government, that enforces taxation without representation,—that compels them to obey laws to which they have never given their consent,—that imprisons and hangs them without a trial by a jury of their peers, that robs them, in marriage, of the custody of their own persons, wages and children,—are this half of the people left wholly at the mercy of the other half, in direct violation of the spirit and letter of the declarations of the framers of this government, every one of which was based on the immutable principle of equal rights to all.\"\n—Susan B. Anthony, \"I Stand Before You Under Indictment\" (speech), 1873\nThe actions taken by Andrew Carnegie that were critiqued in the cartoon reflected the thinking of which of the following concepts?", "This question refers to the following information.\nYi Yin sacrificed to the former king, and presented the heir-king reverently before the shrine of his grandfather. . . . Yi Yin then clearly described the virtue of the Meritorious Ancestor for the instruction of the young king.\n\"Oh! of old the former kings of Xia cultivated earnestly their virtue, and then there were no calamities from Heaven. The spirits of the hills and rivers were all in tranquility; and the birds and beasts enjoyed their existence according to their nature. But their descendant did not follow their example, and Heaven sent down calamities, using our ruler, who possessed of its favor. The attack on Xia may be traced to the orgies in Ming Tiao. . . . Our king of Shang brilliantly displayed his sagely prowess; for oppression he substituted his generous gentleness. Now your Majesty is entering on the inheritance of his virtue; all depends on how you commence your reign.\n\"Oh! the former king began with careful attention to the bonds that hold men together. . . . Revere these warnings in your person. . . . The ways of Heaven are not invariable: on the good-doer it sends down all blessings, and on the evil-doer it sends down all miseries. If you not be virtuous, be it in large things or in small, it will bring the ruin of your ancestral temple.\"\n—Excerpted and adapted from the Shu Jing, 6th century BCE, China\nWhich of the following best supports the importance of ancestor worship in China during the period 600 BCE to 600 CE?", "This question refers to the following information.\nThat day the Reverend Xuanzang was chosen from among all the monks. He had been a monk from infancy, and ever since birth he had eaten vegetarian food and observed the prohibitions. His maternal grandfather was an imperial commander, Yin Kaishan. His father Chen Guangrui had come top in the Palace Examination and had been appointed a grand secretary in the Imperial Library. Xuanzang, however, had no interest in honour and glory, and his only joy was to cultivate Nirvana. His virtue was great; of the thousand sutras and ten thousand holy books there was not a single one that he did not know.\n…\nHe looked to the West and prayed, \"I am the believer Chen Xuanzang sent on imperial orders to fetch the scriptures. If I am fated to have a disciple, may I be able to unseal the golden words and release the divine Monkey King to come with me to the Vulture Peak. If I am not fated to have a disciple, and this monkey is an evil monster who has deceived me and will do me no good, then may I be unable to remove the seal.\" When he had prayed he bowed again.\nFrom Wu Chengen, Journey to the West, ca. 1590s\nThe journeys undertaken by Xuanzang in the 600s C.E. are most fruitfully understood", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I dropped my baby doll on the ground. Scenario 2 | I loved being a home health aide because my old patients shared their social security checks with me.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I spray painted the rusty fence so it would look better. Scenario 2 | I put the matches on the table where my son could reach them.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I brought juice boxes for the kids as a special treat. Scenario 2 | I suggested my mother-in-law move to Florida because she is deathly scared of hurricanes.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | Whenever it's time to feed the dog, I place an empty bowl for him to eat. Scenario 2 | I took a baseball bat and swung at the ball." ]

[ "Which of the following factors inhibits non-haem iron bioavailability the most?\n", "High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener containing fructose that is derived from corn starch and often added to soft drinks. Which of the following reactions would most likely be involved in the production of HFCS? (The letter \"n\" indicates multiple copies of a molecule in a polymer.)", "In reptile eggs, the extraembryonic membrane that functions in excretion and respiration is the", "The two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are:", "What is the role of fatty acids in the body?\n" ]

[ "A 25-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of fainting spells, which have been occurring several times a day for 10 days. These occur without warning and are not associated with any injury. The patient is evaluated during one of these falls, manifesting no change in heart rate, blood pressure, or color. Neurologic examination findings are normal. The most likely diagnosis is", "The social phenomenon of groupthink is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:", "As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board. A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word?", "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?", "The best place to listen to the general heart sound with a stethoscope is the" ]

[ "Which of the following is not a reason for following a vegetarian diet?\n", "Under which of the following fact situations would the defendant's Miranda waiver most likely be ineffective?", "Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?", "Which of the following situations does NOT occur in a federal state?", "Which one of the following doctrines is not associated with Natural Law thinking" ]

[ "According to Kant, the basis of morality is the concept of:", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "Ethics of duty is a principle based ethical theory attributed to Emmanuel Kant.", "The philosophic insistence on providing a logos for the world and our experience of it might itself rely ultimately on adopting a certain mythos, insofar as:" ]

[ "A major difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that", "The social phenomenon of groupthink is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:", "Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were 'segmental' because:", "Research on the sexual misconduct of therapists has found that:", "A young woman comes to the clinic for feeling like her “heart is beating too fast”. When her pulse is recorded it is in normal range. Upon interview, you learn that she is often concerned about lots of things. In fact, she can’t remember many instances in which she has not had some event playing over and over in her head. She says that she often seeks out relationships to comfort her self-esteem, and admits she stays in these relationships too long for fear of being alone. What personality cluster would this person fall under?" ]

[ "Walter Christaller developed central place theory as a tool to describe the spatial relationships between", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "The social phenomenon of groupthink is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:", "Usually, the supply curve of firms operating under conditions of perfect competition in product market would be identified as", "Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?" ]

[ "A man works as an engineer in a small building. He uses a candle to meditate when he is stressed on the job, which then calms him down. He has been mulling an idea in his mind to take a lot of money from his employer using his computer skills, and he has worked out a general plan in his mind. Once he obtains the money, he thinks it might be good to let a candle drop and have the whole building burn down. While he is out at lunch, the janitorial staff came through his office. While cleaning the area, one person lit a candle on the man's desk. When they left, he forgot to blow it out. They slammed the door on the way out, causing the lit candle to fall. It started a fire that burned the building down. What crime, if any, is the man most likely to be convicted of?", "A young woman comes to the clinic for feeling like her “heart is beating too fast”. When her pulse is recorded it is in normal range. Upon interview, you learn that she is often concerned about lots of things. In fact, she can’t remember many instances in which she has not had some event playing over and over in her head. She says that she often seeks out relationships to comfort her self-esteem, and admits she stays in these relationships too long for fear of being alone. What personality cluster would this person fall under?", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I tossed a ball at my mother's vase. Scenario 2 | I filled the balloon and gave it back to the child.", "Dr. Sperline is ordering a chemical for his students to use in an experiment. He knows that each student will need to use 0.797 grams of magnesium in the first step of the experiment and 0.892 grams in a later step. He uses front-end estimation with an adjustment to figure out the approximate amount of magnesium needed by each student. What is his estimate?", "A retail store runs an advertisement in the local newspaper stating: \"Only 3 cashmere sweaters remaining; highest quality; real Polo; one grey, one maroon and one beige; on closeout, starting 9 a.m. Saturday, $5.00 each, first-come, first-served.\" A store customer was the first to arrive on Saturday morning. He located the three advertised sweaters, picked them up, handed $15.00 to the clerk, and demanded all three sweaters at $5 each. The clerk stated that the store's price on each sweater was actually $50 each. The customer demanded the advertised price. Who has the superior legal position?" ]

[ "May States incur liability for the debts and wrongdoings attributable to an international organisation to which they are parties?", "A state is concerned with the increase in teenage use of alcohol. In an effort to decrease exposure to alcohol, which poses harmful health risk, the state legislature has enacted a statute to restrict various methods of advertising by alcohol manufacturers. One of the provisions of the law states that advertising of alcohol prices is not permitted except by placement of a sticker on the bottle or container. An alcohol company who was a major distributor of alcohol in the state, claims the advertising restriction violates its constitutional rights protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. If the alcohol company files suit challenging the validity of the state statute, the court should rule the statute", "In which cases may a non-injured State invoke the responsibility of the culprit State?", "Under which of the following fact situations would the defendant's Miranda waiver most likely be ineffective?", "A wife was notified by an airline that her husband's plane had crashed. All passengers aboard were reported lost at sea and presumably drowned. The wife, after making diligent inquiries in good faith, became convinced that her husband was dead. Three years later she re-married. A few months after her re-marriage, the newspaper announced that her husband had been found on a desert island and was rescued. The wife was then prosecuted under the following state bigamy statute. \"Whoever, being married, shall marry any other person during the life of the former spouse shall be guilty of a felony: provided, that nothing in this Act shall extend to any person marrying a second time whose spouse shall have been continually absent from such person for a period of seven years last past, and shall not have been known by such person to be living within that time. \"On the charge of bigamy, the wife should be found" ]

[ "If average household income rises and we observe that the demand for pork chops increases, pork chops must be", "In the short run, the shut down price is equal to", "Which of the following is a predictable advantage of expansionary monetary policy in a recession?", "You observe the following while fitting a linear regression to the data: As you increase the amount of training data, the test error decreases and the training error increases. The train error is quite low (almost what you expect it to), while the test error is much higher than the train error. What do you think is the main reason behind this behavior. Choose the most probable option.", "In general, the higher the intensity of exercise, the greater the proportional contribution of:" ]

[ "What has been the effect of chemical weapons on international society?", "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?", "Which of the following is a likely effect of a higher tariff imposed by the United States on imported automobiles?", "Which of the following statements best describes the wider security impacts of disease in terms of achieving security?", "How prevalent is terrorist activity?" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\nThat day the Reverend Xuanzang was chosen from among all the monks. He had been a monk from infancy, and ever since birth he had eaten vegetarian food and observed the prohibitions. His maternal grandfather was an imperial commander, Yin Kaishan. His father Chen Guangrui had come top in the Palace Examination and had been appointed a grand secretary in the Imperial Library. Xuanzang, however, had no interest in honour and glory, and his only joy was to cultivate Nirvana. His virtue was great; of the thousand sutras and ten thousand holy books there was not a single one that he did not know.\n…\nHe looked to the West and prayed, \"I am the believer Chen Xuanzang sent on imperial orders to fetch the scriptures. If I am fated to have a disciple, may I be able to unseal the golden words and release the divine Monkey King to come with me to the Vulture Peak. If I am not fated to have a disciple, and this monkey is an evil monster who has deceived me and will do me no good, then may I be unable to remove the seal.\" When he had prayed he bowed again.\nFrom Wu Chengen, Journey to the West, ca. 1590s\nThe journeys undertaken by Xuanzang in the 600s C.E. are most fruitfully understood", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for \"Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent\"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) \"Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled\" and \"Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled,\" action has become necessary and exigent…\"\nLetter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514\nThe empire founded by Ismail I can be best characterized by which religious tradition?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides. It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture. When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be applied to the perineum, and the ends of it brought up to the head and given to an assistant to hold, and applying a ligature below the fracture, we give the ends of it to another assistant to make extension. If it is fractured near the knee, we apply the ligature immediately above the fracture, and give the ends to an assistant, with which to make extension upwards; and while we put a ligature round the knee to secure it, and while the patient lies thus, with his leg extended, we arrange the fracture.\"\nPaul of Aegina, Epitome: On the Fracture of the Thigh and Nose, late seventh century C.E.\nSource 2:\n\"Medicine considers the human body as to the means by which it is cured and by which it is driven away from health. The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes. Therefore in medicine we ought to know the causes of sickness and health. And because health and sickness and their causes are sometimes manifest, and sometimes hidden and not to be comprehended except by the study of symptoms, we must also study the symptoms of health and disease. Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.\"\nIbn Sina (Avicenna), On Medicine, ca. 1020 C.E.\nWhich of the following characterizes both of the passages?" ]

[ "In reptile eggs, the extraembryonic membrane that functions in excretion and respiration is the", "A 60-year-old man has had painful skin with exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes for 1 day. He has been taking allopurinol and probenecid for 2 weeks because of gouty arthritis. There is diffuse exfoliation of the skin with oozing of serous fluid. The mucous membranes of the mouth are erythematous and exfoliated. There are no target lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?", "The ridge of bone that runs along the top of the skull in Australopithecus robustus is called a:", "The two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are:", "The maxillary sinus" ]

[ "What best characterizes the subsistence strategies of the North American Archaic period?", "The village of Snaketown covers more than one square mile and had a well-developed irrigation network and evidence of a ceremonial ballgame. It was the largest village of which complex society?", "Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?", "What is one important step in public relations that sets it apart from the fields of marketing and advertising?", "Which of the following are examples of continuous data? I. The speed your car goes II. The number of outcomes of a binomial experiment III. The average temperature in San Francisco IV. The wingspan of a bird V. The jersey numbers of a football team" ]

[ "According to Kant, the basis of morality is the concept of:", "According to Nagel, the view that moral luck is paradoxical is:", "Soft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.'\nWhich proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?", "Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of:", "Brandt views his rule-utilitarianism as a:" ]

[ "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "Consider the following MA(3) process\n\nyt = μ + Εt + θ1Εt-1 + θ2Εt-2 + θ3Εt-3 , where σt is a zero mean white noise process with variance σ2.\n\nWhich of the following statements are true?\n\ni) The process yt has zero mean\n\nii) The autocorrelation function will have a zero value at lag 5\n\niii) The process yt has variance σ2\n\niv) The autocorrelation function will have a value of one at lag 0", "When the relationship between the predictor (the X variable) and the criterion (the Y variable) is curvilinear and both variables are measured on an interval or ratio scale, the appropriate correlation coefficient is:", "Two variables, xand y, seem to be exponentially related. The natural logarithm of each yvalue is taken and the least-squares regression line of ln(y) on xis determined to be ln(y) = 3.2 + 0.42x. What is the predicted value of ywhen x= 7?", "According to Vygotsky, a teacher’s changing level of guidance based on the student’s performance level is called ___________." ]

[ "As a quick assessment of lesson vocabulary, a teacher writes the following definition on the board. A set of expected behaviors for citizens who hold particular positions in society The teacher then asks students to write on their whiteboard the vocabulary word related to the definition. Which of the following students wrote the correct word?", "Which of the following motivators is the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy?", "Salespeople at a large consumer goods manufacturer are encouraged to ask probing questions of customers to identify their interests. Once their key desires have been uncovered, the salesperson should tailor a presentation so that the customers can see how the product will satisfy their wants. Which of the following presentation formats does the scenario best represent?", "Which of the following statements that relate to capital budgeting is true?", "Of the following, which provides the most valid and reliable data about individuals as they progress through various stages of development?" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I tossed a ball at my mother's vase. Scenario 2 | I filled the balloon and gave it back to the child.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I cut my neighbor's yard for them. Scenario 2 | There were signs saying not to wear sunscreen in the hot springs but I did it anyway.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I wowed the audience. Scenario 2 | I visit my granny in the hospital to eat with her.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I spray painted the rusty fence so it would look better. Scenario 2 | I put the matches on the table where my son could reach them.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested." ]

[ "What is meant by a grand strategy of 'primacy'?", "What are the differences between 'greedy state' and 'security seeker' states?", " Which of the given formulas of PL is the best symbolization of the following sentence?\nElliott likes to skateboard or he likes to write songs and to play them.", "What is one important step in public relations that sets it apart from the fields of marketing and advertising?", "Which of the following is an example of a stateless nation?" ]

[ "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I cut my neighbor's yard for them. Scenario 2 | There were signs saying not to wear sunscreen in the hot springs but I did it anyway.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I dropped my baby doll on the ground. Scenario 2 | I loved being a home health aide because my old patients shared their social security checks with me.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I spray painted the rusty fence so it would look better. Scenario 2 | I put the matches on the table where my son could reach them.", "For which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I wowed the audience. Scenario 2 | I visit my granny in the hospital to eat with her." ]

[ "A 25-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of fainting spells, which have been occurring several times a day for 10 days. These occur without warning and are not associated with any injury. The patient is evaluated during one of these falls, manifesting no change in heart rate, blood pressure, or color. Neurologic examination findings are normal. The most likely diagnosis is", "A man with a herniated lumbar disk was a passenger in a car that was hit by another car going through a stop sign. He was hospitalized and released with instructions to continue his ongoing therapy treatments. X-rays and MRI's had shown the same lumbar disk herniation, and no additional injuries, although the man reported increased pain, discomfort and inability to function. He now required twice as much therapy and significantly stronger medications to control the pain. He sued the negligent driver. The driver argued that the passenger had the same herniated disk prior to and after the accident. Will the court take the case away from the jury on the basis that the passenger has not shown an injury?", "A 14-year-old girl with a 9-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician by her mother for a follow-up examination. She has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 3 months because of diabetic ketoacidosis. She previously had been compliant with monitoring her blood glucose concentration and with her diet and insulin regimen. She acknowledges that, when she is with her peers, she eats whatever she wants and does not check her blood glucose concentration. She adds, \"I'm embarrassed to inject myself in front of them.\" The physician is having a great deal of difficulty with her 15-year-old son who has been truant from school and sneaking out of the house. She says to the patient, \"You should be ashamed for not taking care of yourself. We've all worked so hard to keep you healthy.\" Which of the following terms best describes the physician's reaction to the patient?", "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "An 84-year-old female is diagnosed with a third recurrence of breast cancer that has now metastasized to the brain and lungs. She does not wish to pursue further treatment at this time despite being advised that this is a terminal condition. Her family insists on trying both radiation and chemotherapy in hopes that the cancer will again be successfully treated. It is the duty of the physician to" ]

[ "An investigator suspects that acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause neural tube defects. She estimates the risk of neural tube defect in the general population is 1:1,000. Which of the following is the best study design to investigate the hypothesis?", "A 60-year-old man has had painful skin with exfoliation of the skin and mucous membranes for 1 day. He has been taking allopurinol and probenecid for 2 weeks because of gouty arthritis. There is diffuse exfoliation of the skin with oozing of serous fluid. The mucous membranes of the mouth are erythematous and exfoliated. There are no target lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?", "Deficiency of which of the following vitamins results in megaloblastic anaemia?\n", "High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a sweetener containing fructose that is derived from corn starch and often added to soft drinks. Which of the following reactions would most likely be involved in the production of HFCS? (The letter \"n\" indicates multiple copies of a molecule in a polymer.)", "Which of the following factors inhibits non-haem iron bioavailability the most?\n" ]

[ "Late one night, a defendant, who had a long history of drug-related arrests, was attending a party at a house. During the party, the defendant approached an undercover narcotics agent and offered to sell him some drugs. The undercover agent purchased the drugs from the defendant. Immediately thereafter, the undercover agent arrested the defendant and charged him with conspiracy to sell narcotics and sale of narcotics. He was convicted of both crimes and given consecutive seven-year sentences. On appeal, the defendant's best argument is which of the following?", "A defendant and his co-conspirator were arrested and charged with robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery. Following their arrest, they were both taken to the police station and given Miranda warnings. They both expressed a desire to remain silent until they could consult an attorney. At the station house, they were booked and placed in separate jail cells. Later that day, and before any attorney consultations could take place, a police detective went to the coconspirator's cell and began interrogating him. The detective told the co-conspirator that if he cooperated in their investigation, the prosecuting attorney would drop charges against him. The co-conspirator then reluctantly confessed and implicated the defendant in the commission of the crimes. The co-conspirator also told the police where the defendant had hidden the stolen property. Based on this information, the police retrieved the stolen property, which included a diamond necklace. Later the same day, the police went to the defendant's jail cell and showed him the diamond necklace that they had recovered. They also told the defendant that the co-conspirator had confessed and implicated him in the perpetration of the crime. Confronted by this evidence, the defendant confessed. The defendant was then prosecuted for conspiracy and robbery. At the defendant's trial, the prosecution sought to introduce into evidence the necklace and the defendant's confession. The defendant's motion to exclude these offers of proof will be", "A detective received information from an informant, who had given reliable information many times in the past, that a man was a narcotics dealer. Specifically, the informant said that, two months before, he had visited the man's apartment with a friend and that on that occasion he saw the man sell his friend some heroin. The detective knew that the informant, the man, and the friend were acquaintances. Thereafter, the detective put all this information into affidavit form, appeared before a magistrate, and secured a search warrant for the man's apartment. The search turned up a supply of heroin. The man's motion to suppress introduction of the heroin into evidence will most probably be", "A guitarist and lead singer for a rock and roll band was performing a concert when an overhead strobe light fell on stage and struck him. The singer suffered a fractured skull and was hospitalized for an extended period of time. A lighting company was hired by the venue to perform the strobe lighting show at the concert. During his hospital stay, the singer sent a letter to the lighting company's president threatening to sue and holding the lighting company responsible for the accident. After receiving the singer's letter, the company's attorney visited the singer at the hospital where he was being treated. The attorney entered the singer's hospital room and told him, \"The company will pay your medical expenses if you will give a release. \" The singer remained silent, and the attorney then left the room. Thereafter, the singer filed a lawsuit against the lighting company to recover damages for his injury. At trial, the singer seeks to introduce into evidence the attorney's statement at the hospital. Upon objection, the attorney's statement should be", "A man with a herniated lumbar disk was a passenger in a car that was hit by another car going through a stop sign. He was hospitalized and released with instructions to continue his ongoing therapy treatments. X-rays and MRI's had shown the same lumbar disk herniation, and no additional injuries, although the man reported increased pain, discomfort and inability to function. He now required twice as much therapy and significantly stronger medications to control the pain. He sued the negligent driver. The driver argued that the passenger had the same herniated disk prior to and after the accident. Will the court take the case away from the jury on the basis that the passenger has not shown an injury?" ]

[ "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The quicksilver mines of Huancavelica are where the poor Indians are so harshly punished, where they are tortured and so many Indians die; it is there that the noble caciques [headmen] of this kingdom are finished off and tortured. The same is true in all the other mines: the silver mines of Potosi [and others]….The owners and stewards of the mines, whether Spaniards, mestizos, or Indians, are such tyrants, with no fear of God or Justice, because they are not audited and are not inspected twice a year….\nAnd they are not paid for the labor of traveling to and from the mines or for the time they spend at the mines. The Indians, under the pretext of mining chores, are made to spend their workdays herding cattle and conveying goods; they are sent off to the plains, and the Indians die. These Indians are not paid for their labor, and their work is kept hidden.\nAnd [the mine owners] keep Indian cooking women in their residences; they use cooking as a pretext for taking concubines….And they oblige the Indians to accept corn or meat or chicha [corn beer]…at their own expense, and they deduct the price from their labor and their workdays. In this way, the Indians end up very poor and deep in debt, and they have no way to pay their tribute.\nThere is no remedy for all this, because any [colonial official] who enters comes to an agreement with the mine owners, and all the owners join forces in bribing him….Even the protector of the Indians is useless;…he [does not] warn Your Majesty or your royal Audiencia [court] about the harms done to the poor Indians.\"\nExcerpt from The First New Chronicle and Good Government [abridged], by Felipe Guaman Poma de Alaya. Selected, translated, and annotated by David Frye. Copyright 2006 Hackett Publishing Company. Reprinted with permission from the publisher.\nFelipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle and Good Government, ca. 1610\nWhich of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1750 C.E. is most directly supported by the passage?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\"\nAbigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776\n\"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\"\nSusan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876\nThe excerpts above best support which of the following conclusions?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides. It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture. When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be applied to the perineum, and the ends of it brought up to the head and given to an assistant to hold, and applying a ligature below the fracture, we give the ends of it to another assistant to make extension. If it is fractured near the knee, we apply the ligature immediately above the fracture, and give the ends to an assistant, with which to make extension upwards; and while we put a ligature round the knee to secure it, and while the patient lies thus, with his leg extended, we arrange the fracture.\"\nPaul of Aegina, Epitome: On the Fracture of the Thigh and Nose, late seventh century C.E.\nSource 2:\n\"Medicine considers the human body as to the means by which it is cured and by which it is driven away from health. The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes. Therefore in medicine we ought to know the causes of sickness and health. And because health and sickness and their causes are sometimes manifest, and sometimes hidden and not to be comprehended except by the study of symptoms, we must also study the symptoms of health and disease. Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.\"\nIbn Sina (Avicenna), On Medicine, ca. 1020 C.E.\nWhich of the following characterizes both of the passages?", "This question refers to the following information.\nSource 1:\n\"Moreover, Sir, in our Kingdoms there is another great inconvenience which is of little service to God, and this is that many of our people, keenly desirous as they are of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms.\"\nLetter from King Afonso I of Kongo to King John III of Portugal, 1526\nSource 2:\n\"This expedition has cost us much: it would be unreasonable to send it home with empty hands. Although our [principal] wish is to serve God and the pleasure of the king of Kongo, none the less you will make him understand—as though speaking in our name—what he should do to fill the ships, whether with slaves, or copper, or ivory.\"\nInstructions from King Manuel of Portugal to his envoy in Kongo, 1512\nThe tone of the second letter best reflects which of the following developments in early modern Europe?", "This question refers to the following information.\n\"The Italian nation has been at last united in our own days, and we all rejoiced in its union. Yet we may be allowed to doubt whether the union was not a little too speedy and a little too thorough. It is surely carrying unity too far to wipe out all traces of the independent being, for most purposes to wipe out the very name, of such a land as Sicily. It jars on our feelings to find that, while Ireland at least forms part of the royal style of its sovereign, Sicily is no longer even a geographical expression. The island realm of Roger has sunk to be seven provinces of the kingdom on the mainland. And there is another result of Italian unity, a result in which we may rejoice without drawbacks, but which still has somewhat of sadness about it as finally ending that great phase of the history of Europe with which we have throughout been dealing. Never were ties with the past so fully snapped as when the army of Italy entered liberated Rome. Of all novelties in European history the greatest was when Rome became the centre of a dominion with acknowledged metes and bounds, the head in short of a local Italian kingdom. \"Rome the capital of Italy\" was a formula which might well gladden our hearts; but it was a formula which formally swept away the œcumenical position, the œcumenical traditions, of Rome&….\nBut the kingdom of Italy is not an appendage to Rome; Rome is the head of the kingdom. The whole is greater than its part; Rome, by her own free will and by the free will of Italy, has become less than Italy. By becoming the willing head of an Italian kingdom she has formally cast aside her Imperial traditions as they were not cast aside when brute force made her the head of a French department.\"\nEdward A. Freeman, British historian and politician, The Chief Periods of European History, 1885\nThe author would likely take exception to the methods of which leader during this time period in Italy?" ]