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Painter and Decorator Kirkintilloch Scotland (G66): In these days of continuously changing trends and styles we are our properties more and more regularly. And though doing the decorating might be an activity that some of us take pleasure in, for most Kirkintilloch householders it's a chore that might need to be handed to somebody else. That someone else may be a relative or friend but is much more apt to be your friendly in Kirkintilloch. Employing the expert services of apainter and decorator will make sure that your project gets completed speedily and correctly and you'll be stunned by just how much faster the painter and decorator will whizz around and get the job done, much faster and with far less mess than would be the case if you tried to do it yourself. And so, if you decide to follow the most sensible route your next step to get the project moving along will be to find a decent Kirkintilloch decorator who you are able to have confidence in. Regardless of how conscientiously you look after your home in Kirkintilloch, at some time or other it will need redecorating to get it looking shipshape once again and to generally brighten it up. Apart from giving your precious house a whole new look, a fresh coat of paint or some wallpaper also guards the surface of the walls from moisture damage, heat damage, and quite a few other contributary circumstances. Whilst a lot of homeowners in Kirkintilloch do choose to tackle this type of work themselves, it's generally wise to call on the help of a qualified professional. Advice in relation to the best choice of materials for the project in hand is just one of the important things that an experienced decorator can do. For example, some kinds of paints or wall coverings will not be suited to certain situations, and additionally damage repairs might be needed that have to be treated with special products to prepare them for decorating. It's not in any way uncommon for an issue to be revealed after the old material has been stripped away, and on occasions such as this it certainly is invaluable to have an experienced pro on hand. Needless to say there are various other reasons why a qualifiedmay be a wise idea for your proposed project . A qualified Kirkintillochwill be in charge of estimating the cost by determining the amount of paint and wallpaper necessary for your job. By the effective use of , power sanding machines, chemical solvents, scraping, steaming machines, , heat guns and even abrasive blasting tools the decorator will take off the existing decorated surfaces as part of the preparation procedure. This stripping down will reveal the main surface area, which can then be assessed for defects and damage. Any damages will then be repaired by the decorator to ready it for priming and undercoating. For people who have picked out an "off the shelf" product it ought to be scrupulously inspected to ensure thematch throughout the batches and this applies to both paint and wallpapers. If you need to achieve a specific shade or colour a talented painter and decorator will be able to do this by employing either computerized apparatus, or manually using diligently measured amounts to generate the requested hue. As there is always the chance of a paint/wallpaper range or colour being out of stock or even discontinued, when you are picking up the decorating materials yourself be sure that you buy sufficient to complete the entire project, to avoid a sense of disappointment. The PDA (Painting and Decorating Association) is the UK's foremost authority and professional organisation for Kirkintilloch painters and decorators that are members of the PDA can nearly always be trusted to do your decorating task properly.and its members are properly insured, guaranteed and taught to an advanced level to supply their customers a professional and quality service. Therefore any It is important that you plan your decorating job thoroughly before contacting painters in Kirkintilloch, so they are fully aware of exactly what they're quoting for and therefore avoid arguments when the job is completed. There'll often be extra stuff that you need doing after the have begun, so be ready to shell out extra for these and don't expect that they'll be considered part of the original . It must also be pointed out that cheapest is not necessarily best, so get several quotations before coming to any decisions about which painter and decorator to engage. Painting and decorating can be carried out in Kirkintilloch and also in: Twechar, Muirhead, Auchinloch, Birdston, Chryston, Bishopriggs, Stepps, Lennoxtown, Milton of Campsie, Torrance, Moodiesburn, Kilsyth, Springburn, Lenzie, and in these postcodes G66 1EE, G66 1LG, G66 1AP, G66 1NU, G66 1RA, G66 1EF, G66 1AG, G66 1QE, G66 1RU, G64 2QE. Local Kirkintilloch painters and decorators will probably have the postcode G66 and the phone code Dialling code 0141. Verifying this will guarantee that you are accessing a locally based painter and decorator. Kirkintilloch homeowners can utilise these and lots of other similar services. Essential Skills for a Painter - Excellent customer skills for working with colleagues and clients - Being able to welcome criticism and work well under stress - Be open to change and adaptable - Being able to work alongside other folks - Have the ability to work efficiently with texturing tools, power sanders, rollers, wire brushes, scrapers and paintbrushes - Understanding of health and safety - Have business management skills - To be able to carry out simple tasks on a computer - To be methodical and pay close attention to detail - Have some leadership skills Exterior Painting Kirkintilloch The appearance of your property on the outside ought to be something you've got pride in, because the exterior of your house in Kirkintilloch is the very first thing that passers-by and visitors notice. If you would like it to stand out from the crowd you can bring in a local painter and decorator to brighten the outside features of your home. Whether you are doing it for your own satisfaction or are just enhancing the visual appeal of your house to make it easier to sell, you'll need the work to be completed professionally. To reinvigorate the visual appeal of your house in Kirkintilloch you should clean, treat or paint: - Windows and Frames - Masonry Painting - Railings, Gates and Fences - Soffits and Fascias - Barge Boards - Garages, Garden Sheds and Outbuildings - Doors and Frames - Rendered Surfaces Special Paint Effects Kirkintilloch There are plenty of different paint effects that you can use to give your property in Kirkintilloch some more character and depth. You can play with colour and texture in numerous different ways. So, what are these different ways? Different kinds of paint: - Glazes give a sheen or glow to walls. They are more transparent than washes. - Washes are like ordinary paint that's been thinned and is more prone to displaying brush marks which add texture. - Type of paint ie gloss vs low sheen paint. Different techniques for various effects: Rag Painting and Rolling - Using a crumpled cloth, this technique gives the walls an effect of material - velvet, silk etc. You can use different materials to get different effects. Start with a solid base colour and then choose between "ragging on" and "ragging off". Ragging on means you put the paint on with the rag, ragging off means you paint with a brush and lift off some of the paint using a rag. Then there's rag rolling, where you roll the cloth and then dip it into the paint. This rolled cloth then becomes your roller as you apply the paint by rolling the rolled cloth across the walls. Sponge Painting - Apply a base coat then use a sponge to apply a wash or glaze (or a different coloured paint). More than one form of paint can be used. Or, you can use the sponge to create texture after a complete layer of paint has been applied, by "sponging off" some paint before it's completely dried. Broken Colour Effects - By layering two colours you can get a mottled or textured effect, or by having one colour and applying a glaze in broken layers. Other Effects - Your professional painter and decorator in Kirkintilloch can offer advice and demonstrate examples of many other effects. Some other effects might include stamping, marbling, distressing, stippling and gilding. Front Door Painting Kirkintilloch Your front entrance, and particularly your front door is the initial impression that visitors get when coming to your property in Kirkintilloch. Therefore it is vital that you keep your front door looking fresh and squeaky clean. With a uPVC door this might simply be a case of washing it down and removing the grime and grease, but with a wooden door a bit more maintenance and upkeep may be necessary. Even when kept nice and clean, a "real" wood or painted front door will still show signs of wear and tear as the years trundle by. A combination of the Kirkintilloch weather conditions, namely frost, damp, wind and sunlight, will all contribute to this degradation. If the paint on your front door in Kirkintilloch has begun to peel, flake and crack, or it's become dull and discoloured, there are plenty of local painters & decorators who can help. It is obviously possible for you to varnish or paint your own wooden front door, if you're proficient at do-it-yourself, however door painting isn't the most simple job in the world, by any means. A certified painter & decorator in Kirkintilloch will have the skills, equipment and knowhow needed to strip off the old damaged paint, repair any scratches or damage, sand the door down, dab on a coat of primer and undercoat, and finally varnish or gloss paint it to your chosen colour or finish. A lot of property owners in Kirkintilloch decide to simply change their front doors when they become scruffy. However, this is often not really the only answer, and you can finish up with a fantastic looking front door, just by refurbishing and repainting it. Refurbishment is also a much cheaper solution to your front door issue, while at the same time being more environmentally friendly. Most superficial repair work which is stumbled on during the repainting process will be dealt with by your Kirkintilloch painter and decorator so long as it does not call for advanced carpentry and joinery knowledge. Paint that has been smeared on locks, hinges and door furniture, will be removed during this procedure. Thus, if you want to titivate the appearance of your front entryway, contact a painting & decorating contractor in Kirkintilloch, to repaint your front door. Painting a Ceiling Painting a ceiling may seem relatively straightforward, but it's a deceptively challenging task that is often best completed by an experienced painter and decorator. Here's why you should hire a specialist for this job: With their experience and know-how, professional painters and decorators in Kirkintilloch can guarantee a perfect finish. Their surface preparation process is essential to achieving a flawless finish, and it includes smoothing out imperfections, patching cracks, and priming the ceiling. By meticulously preparing the surface and using high-quality materials, they achieve a high-quality, long-lasting finish that is free from streaks, drips, and uneven coverage. Ceiling painting can be a daunting task, particularly for the inexperienced, as it can be time-consuming and physically demanding. Professionals' right techniques and tools allow them to work efficiently, completing the job in a small fraction of the time it might take a DIYer. You can get the job done quickly and minimise disruption to your daily routine by hiring a professional. (36172 - Ceiling Painting Kirkintilloch) Painters and Decorators Scotland In the Scotland area you'll also locate: Cardrona decorating, Annan decorating, Lamlash painter and decorator, Killearn painters and decorators, Darvel painter and decorator, Winchburgh decorating, Newport on Tay wallpapering, Cowdenbeath painting and decorating, Cardenden painters and decorators, Stonehouse painting and decorating. In every part of the Scotland region it should be possible to find painters & decorators who will offer quality services for your painting and decorating requirements. If you're unable to identify the right painter and decorator in Kirkintilloch itself then you will no doubt be able to uncover a decent one close by., Portknockie painter and decorator, Methven decorating, Salsburgh painter decorators, Letham decorating, Lhanbryde , Westquarter wallpapering, Balmullo painter and decorator, Castle Douglas painting and decorating, Ballater painting and decorating, Leslie , Alyth painter and decorator, Kilwinning painters and decorators, Tullibody painters and decorators, Dalmellington decorating, Bannockburn , Cruden Bay decorating, Dennyloanhead painters and decorators, Dunlop decorating, Strichen decorating, Wigtown Kirkintilloch painters and decorators will likely help with painting soffits and fascias in Kirkintilloch, painting special effects in Kirkintilloch, painting brick walls, commercial painting in Kirkintilloch, painting gates and fencing, painting skirting boards, painting hallways in Kirkintilloch, painting touch-ups, exterior painting, painting garage doors in Kirkintilloch, silk finish painting in Kirkintilloch, painting of door frames, painting internal Kirkintilloch, painting external walls, gloss painting, , painting of skirting boards, wallpapering hallways Kirkintilloch, landlord decorating services, wall painting, commercial painting and decorating, painting effects, embossed painting Kirkintilloch, painting Kirkintilloch, matt painting Kirkintilloch, bedroom wallpapering, wallpaper bordering in Kirkintilloch, special paint effects, wallpaper stripping, distressed painting in Kirkintilloch, wallpaper steaming, industrial painting services, staircase wallpapering, wood sanding and Kirkintilloch, paint marbling effects and other in Kirkintilloch, . Listed are just a selection of the tasks that are conducted by a painter and decorator. Kirkintilloch professionals will keep you informed about their whole range of services. A Painter and Decorator's Toolkit To do all the tasks they will encounter painters and decorators need a multitude of different tools including roller trays, assorted paint brushes, a wallpaper steamer, paint scuttles and kettles, a paint stirrer, step-ladders and platforms, extension poles, dust sheets, a power sander, decorating scissors, roller sleeves, wallpaper brushes, paint rollers, scrapers and a decorator's edge. Training Courses for Painters and Decorators At local colleges and through alternative providers such as Able Skills, there are a wide range of decorating courses available for anybody planning to commence a career in this trade. Training courses exist for beginners, improvers and seasoned decorators. The following are just a few of the courses available: Work Based Assessments for Painting NVQ Level 2, Advanced Painting and Decorating Course, Level 2 Painting & Decorating Diploma, Experienced Painters Who Need NVQ, Introduction to Painting & Decorating, 5 Day Wallpapering Course, NVQ Level 2 Painting and Decorating Course, City & Guilds Painting and Decorating, Hands-On Painting and Decorating and Level 1 Diploma in Painting & Decorating. You will learn more about how to get painting and decorating apprenticeships in Kirkintilloch, how to become a decorator in Kirkintilloch, career prospects and pathways for decorators in Kirkintilloch, what skills are needed to be a decorator in Kirkintilloch and current opportunities in Kirkintilloch if you visit the National Careers website. Also: Milton of Campsie painters and decorators, Auchinloch painters and decorators, Twechar painters and decorators, Springburn painters and decorators, Muirhead painters and decorators, Birdston painters and decorators, Torrance painters and decorators, Lennoxtown painters and decorators, Chryston painters and decorators, Moodiesburn painters and decorators, Bishopriggs painters and decorators and more. - Kirkintilloch Paint Removal and Restoration - Kirkintilloch Residential Painting and Decorating - Kirkintilloch Painting and Decorating Services - Kirkintilloch Wallpapering and Stripping - Kirkintilloch Painting and Decorating Quotations - Kirkintilloch Commercial Painting and Decorating - Kirkintilloch Painters and Decorators - Kirkintilloch Room Decorators - Kirkintilloch Door and Window Painting - Kirkintilloch Contract Painting and Decorating - Kirkintilloch Exterior Painting and Decorating - Kirkintilloch Wallpaper Hanging - Kirkintilloch Internal Painting and Decorating - Kirkintilloch Painter and Decorator Painting and Decorating Books Bibliography: City and Guild Texbook: Painting and Decorating, Professional Painted Finishes by Ina Brosseau Marx, BCIS Painting and Decorating Price Book (BCIS), How to Become a Great Painter and Decorator by Orhan Mehmet, Practical Painting and Decorating (James E Butterworth), Painting and Decorating by Roy Hughes. Painting and decorating quotations were recently requested by people residing in the following Kirkintilloch streets: Bridgeway Court, Scotsblair Avenue, Lenzie Road, Bothlyn Avenue, Freeland Place, Donaldson Street, Parliament Street, Bridgeway Place, Willowbank Gardens, Northbank Avenue, Donaldson Place, Rose Street, Oxgang Place, Gallowhill Grove, Civic Way, Strathkelvin Place, Donald Mackinnon Avenue, Greens Avenue, Woodilee Road, New Lairdsland Road, Oxford Street, Industry Street, Westergreens Avenue, Market Road, Gallowhill Road, Coralmount Gardens, Redbrae Road, Luggiebank Road, and in these postcodes: G66 1EE, G66 1LG, G66 1AP, G66 1NU, G66 1RA, G66 1EF, G66 1AG, G66 1QE, G66 1RU, G64 2QE. Work was carried out in these locations by a local painter and decorator. Kirkintilloch home and business owners enjoyed the benefits of professional and competent painting and decorating services in every case. Painter and Decorator Jobs Kirkintilloch: Get painter and decorator jobs in Kirkintilloch here: Kirkintilloch Painter and Decorator Jobs For the best local information on Kirkintilloch, Scotland check here Painters & Decorators Scotland: More Penicuik, Kirkintilloch, Fort William, Cumbernauld, Stepps, Coatbridge, Inverurie, Largs, Bishopbriggs, Alloa, St Andrews, Cupar, Armadale, Fraserburgh, Irvine, Cumnock, Montrose, Stonehaven, Blantyre, Linlithgow, Bearsden, Bishopton, Stirling, Buckhaven, Kilmarnock, Galashiels, Erskine, Kilsyth, Peebles, Bonnybridge, Hawick, Glasgow, Jedburgh, Grangemouth, Dalry, Lanark, Wishaw, Stranraer, Bonnyrigg, Cambuslang, Rutherglen, Glenrothes, Musselburgh, Livingston, Hamilton, Stornoway, Kelso, Uddingston, Strathaven, Girvan, Clydebank, Viewpark, Newport-on-Tay, Ardrossan, Tullibody, Kirriemuir, Methil, Tayport, Renfrew, Ayr, Milngavie, Denny, Lochgelly, Westhill, Bathgate, Burntisland, Tranent, Ballingry, Aberdeen, Brechin, Stenhousemuir, Peterhead, Arbroath, Paisley, Kinross, Nairn, Larkhall, Dunbar, Stewarton, Elgin, Whitburn, Alva, Kirkcaldy, Ellon, Greenock, Dingwall, Forres, Bellshill, Stevenston, Dunblane, Carluke, East Kilbride, Prestwick, Dalkeith, Carnoustie, Motherwell, Lerwick, Lenzie, Perth, Kilwinning, Dumfries, Troon, Linwood, Leven, Cowdenbeath, Dunfermline, Newton Mearns, Dalgety Bay, Prestonpans, Airdrie, Larbert, Inverness, Falkirk, Rosyth, Dumbarton, Inverkeithing, Ardeer, Barrhead, Forfar, Galston, Edinburgh, Johnstone, Dundee and Broxburn.: Professional Painter and Decorator in G66 area, Dialling code 0141. Painting Maintenance Kirkintilloch - Painter and Decorator Kirkintilloch - Wallpapering Kirkintilloch - Landlord Services Kirkintilloch - Residential Painters and Decorators Kirkintilloch - Interior Painter and Decorator Kirkintilloch - Exterior Painter and Decorator Kirkintilloch - Paint Removal Kirkintilloch - Painting and Decorating Kirkintilloch

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CDR Jerry J. Krywanczyk This annual award, presented by the Assistant Commandant for Engineering and Logistics, and sponsored by the Coast Guard Aviation Association (CGAA), recognizes individual accomplishments and achievements within the Aeronautical Engineering Program. CDR Jerry J. Krywanczyk has distinguished himself through his professional competence, outstanding performance, and overall impact to the Aeronautical Engineering mission and vision. While serving as the Air Station Elizabeth City Aeronautical Engineering Officer, CDR Krywanczyk was instrumental in fleet’s engineering response to Hurricane Florence operations. He managed local testing of the MSS+ electronic upgrade on the C-130J in support of fleet wide implementation. He was key to the successful Air Station Kodiak C-130J transition by overseeing aircraft transfers, coordinating aircrew upgrades, and providing parts and additional training for Kodiak technicians. Additionally, always focused on personnel safety, he spearheaded a major initiative for mitigating exposure to hexavalent chromium generated during aircraft maintenance. Aviation Training Center (ATC) Mobile Safety Department During the period of 01 June 2018 to 30 April 2019, ATC Safety Department exhibited extraordinary performance in support of the four pillars of the Coast Guard’s Safety Management System (SMS): Policy, Promotion, Assurance, and Risk Management. The ATC safety staff significantly increased their leadership role in CG safety training. The ATC Command Safety Officer, LCDR Ben Walton, served as an instructor in the first organic Coast Guard Flight Safety Officer course and later in the year spearheaded the refinement of the course content. Furthermore, ATC FSOs provided input into numerous ALSAFETY messages and completed several trend analyses that provided important awareness and hazard mitigation to the fleet. Likewise, the ATC Safety Department assisted in several fleet evaluations of the new FORCECOM approved Flight Safety Assessments providing sage, actionable feedback and promoting SMS leading practices, many of which were developed at ATC. As all aviators intuitively know, to operate effectively and efficiently, aviation safety needs to be woven into all aspects of aviation operations. Aviation training is no exception. The actions of ATC’s Safety Department accelerated the inculcation of aviation safety into all aspects of aviation training adding significant value to the total training system. In addition to the fleet wide contributions of the ATC Safety Department, they continued exemplary local practices. ATC is guided by a comprehensive SMS manual. This local instruction addresses aviation-specific programs within the main body and includes 19 specialized safety programs as annexes. The manual clearly delineates roles and responsibilities and ensures that safety programs are harnessed to advance unit operations and improve support activities. This SMS is carried out in part by three safety councils, an enlisted safety council, flight safety council, and a command safety council. In addition to supporting a strong reporting culture, these councils have improved MRM training and supported risk management initiatives such as a water quality monitoring program to protect rescue swimmers. ATC’s Ground Safety Chief Petty Officer, AMTC Michael Baines, made significant contributions to the efficiency and effectiveness of the unit’s aviation engineering department and provided lessons learned to improve maintenance practices fleet wide. Empowerment of this member has resulted in a robust unit reporting culture and made the Ground Safety Chief Petty Officer job a sought after position that carries a significant amount of responsibility and equitable respect. The ATC Safety Department embodies the Commandant’s guiding principles of Ready, Relevant and Responsive. Their approach to promoting, educating, and advancing aviation safety at both the unit and enterprise level is most deserving of the 2019 Captain Marion Gus Shrode Aviation Safety Award. I wish to extend my personal congratulations to: LCDR Ben Walton (CSO), LCDR Derek Wilson (FSO), LCDR Mike Gibson (FSO), LCDR Peter Maloney (FSO), (FSO), LCDR Brian A. Kudrle (FSO), LT Margaret Morgan (FSO), LT Erik Price (FSO), LT William Philyaw (FSO), LT Justin Dougherty (GSO), AMTC M. Shaun Baines (GSCPO) and Mr. David Britain (CIV). They have distinguished their unit and safety program from a highly competitive and dedicated field of safety professionals. I would also like to recognize Air Station Borinquen’s Safety Department consisting of LCDR Jim Cepa and LT Mario Tinari, whose efforts ushered an array of far reaching Coast Guard-wide safety initiatives. This work included a number of positive organizational changes directly attributed to comprehensive mishap report recommendations, the enhancement of both unit and fleet flight safety training programs, and the creation of a highly respected flight safety program built upon non-attribution reporting. The Safety Departments listed below are also commended for their noteworthy safety leadership, responsiveness, and initiative during the past year. A. AIRSTA Cape Cod: LCDR Stephen Drauszewski, LT Steven Podmore, LT Paul Williams and MST2 Andrew Lagarce B. AIRSTA Kodiak: LCDR Ian Hurst, LT Kevin Riley, LT Zach Brown, LT Joseph Chevalier, LT Michelle Moravek, LT Frank Cheske and CIV Ron Halter C. AIRSTA Miami: LCDR Eric Vryheid, LT Greg Kotowitz, LT Mike Gonzales and LT Clay Kosack 12. The Coast Guard Aviation Association annually presents the Captain Marion “Gus” Shrode Aviation Safety Award to recognize superior performance and outstanding contributions to Coast Guard aviation safety. Captain Shrode was a pioneer in the development of Coast Guard aviation standardization programs, including publication of the Coast Guard’s first aircraft standardization manual. Captain Shrode was also instrumental in creating the Coast Guard’s Aviation Training Center in 1966, served as the Aviation Safety Chief, and completed seven years of continuous aviation command with distinction. 2018 Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron (HITRON) LCDR Jessica S. Davila, LT John R. Sauve, LT David H. Blue, LT Joseph P. Rozycki, LT Thomas E. Horejs and Lt Michael J. Gereau 2017 LCDR Heather Majeska, LCDR Dave McCarthy, LT Dustin Burton, LT David Wright, LTJG Carter Schlank, AND MST1 Lizette Guiterrez, AirSta Clearwater Av Safety Dept 2016 LCDR James Cooley, CGAS Astoria 2015 LT Daniel Crowley, CGAS Houston 2014 Air Station Cape Cod Safety Department: LT Arthur Mahar, LT Garin Kirkpatrick, LT Kimberly Hess 2013 AS North Bend Safety Department: LCDR Jason Gelfand, LT Caroline Kearney 2012 AS Humboldt Bay Safety Department: LT Kelly Deuterman, LT Terrance Herdliska 2011 AS E-City Safety Department: LT Jeremy Davis, LT Thomas Huntley, LT Nicholas Hazlett 2010 AS Los Angeles Safety Department: LT Patrick Dill, LT Barry Miles, LT Joel Cooper (RAN) 2009 LT Robert Fitzgerald, CGAS San Francisco 2008 AS Clearwater Safety Department: LT Rob Donnell, LT Josh Fitzgerald, LTJG James Bates and MST1 Jon Gebo 2007 AS Atlantic City Safety Department: LT Brian Potter and LT Frank Fusco 2006 Sector Corpus Christi Safety Department: CDR John Danaher, LT Juan Posada and Ms Jammie Fisher 2005 LT Sean O’Brien, CGAS Houston 2004 AS Kodiak Safety Department: LCDR Brian Washburn, LT Jeremy Smith, LT Timothy Eason and Mr. Scott Tobias 2003 LT Richard Bates, HITRON Jacksonville 2002 LT Charles Carrulo, AS Atlantic City 2001 LT John Rivers, CGAS Miami 2000 CWO Chirstopher Toupin, AR&SC 1999 LT Randy Emery, CGAS Atlantic City 1998 LT David Scott, CGAS Borenquen Aircraft: CGNR 6032 LCDR William J. Burwell CP: LT Katelyn M. Dacimo RS: AST2 Michael W. Kelly RS: AST3 Luke M. Headley FM: AMT1 Devin R. Lloyd On 14 November, 2018, LCDR Burwell and the crew of CG 6032 were notified of the Fishing Vessel Aaron and Melissa II taking on water and its 4 crew abandoning ship in high seas, fomented by a Nor’easter with 50+ knot winds. In light of the reported 20+ feet seas, the decision was made to bring an additional rescue swimmer and heavy weather rescue equipment. Airborne within 20 minutes, the crew discussed all rescue options across varying scenarios that they might encounter once on-scene. Throughout the 140 mile commute, the crew calculated fuel requirements, programmed search patterns into the flight computer, and communicated with the HC-144 crew providing overhead cover. As the helicopter neared the last reported position, the conditions worsened, inducing jarring turbulence and gusts up to 60 knots. The pilots tuned the direction finding equipment while the Rescue Swimmers operated the FLIR in attempts to locate the survivors. A 406-EPIRB signal was received and almost simultaneously LT Dacimo announced, “Raft, 10 o’clock. Mark-mark-mark.” LCDR Burwell marked the position, relayed the coordinates to the fixed-wing cover aircraft, and entered a hover to commence the rescue sequence. A 60′ hover showed the seas were now up to 25 feet. The storm battered raft showed no obvious signs of life. AMTl Lloyd began conning 6032 forward to provide AST2 Kelly a downwind swim to the raft. The sea spray was assaulting the raft and extreme care had to be taken to keep the helicopter’s rotor wash away. As AMTI Lloyd sent AST2 Kelly out the door, it was clear the wind was going to sweep him aft-AMTl Lloyd adjusted appropriately. LT Dacimo announced a coming wave crest and AMTl Lloyd took this opportunity to position AST2 Kelly for his release from the sling. With the swimmer in the water, the aircraft backed away to gain visual contact with both the raft and the swimmer. The raft had been swept further away during the deployment and AST2 Kelly would have fight the towering waves to reach the raft. Swimming with all the strength he could summon, he was able to grab the sea anchor line and pull himself to the raft, discovering 4 hypothermic survivors. Relaying their condition to the helicopter above, he asked them to remain calm and ascertained that two of the boat crew did not know how to swim and that their suits had filled with water. As AMTI Lloyd hoisted down the rescue basket, it sailed well aft of the aircraft. Fighting the winds, he skillfully delivered the basket within feet of the swimmer. AST2 Kelly loaded the first survivor and attempted to hang on to the basket to stabilize it as it came out of the water. As he held on, the wave dropped out from beneath him, leaving him to hang in the air and then fall onto his back. Upon resurfacing, he gathered the next survivor to enter the water with him. The next survivor’s mustang suit was damaged and filled with water, presenting him an arduous tow to the drifting basket. With the second survivor on his way up, AST2 prepared the third to enter the water. His suit was completely full of water and he could not swim–causing him to become frantic. By this time, AST2 Kelly was feeling nauseous and exhausted. He had reached the limit of his endurance, but was determined to finish the job two more times. Despite the raging seas and howling gale, the crew of CGNR 6032 was able to maintain station and complete the rescue hoists of all 4 survivors. Their heroic efforts undoubtedly saved the 4 crewmembers of the F/V Aaron and Melissa II and are unquestionably worthy this prestigious award. The Frank Erickson Award recognizes Rotary-Wing aircrews who have demonstrated exceptional performance while engaged in search and rescue operations. 2018 Air Station Kodiak crew of CG-6593 LCDR Daniel A. Schrader, LCDR Adam L. Mullins, AMT2 Jentzen D. Green, AET1 Gregory K. Mayes, AET2 Jacqueline V. Gutierrez 2017 North Bend crew of CGNR 6559 LT Zachary Wiest, LT Wesley Jones, AMT2 Jason Caristo, and AST3 Chad Morris 2016 CGNR 6032 crew, AS Sitka LCDR Christopher S. Stoeckler, LT Matthew R. Herring, AET3 Class Jeremy A. Reed, AST2 Class Brendan D.Dent, HS2 Class Ryan F. Ransom 2015 MH-60 CGNR 6033 crew AS Cape Cod LT John D. Hess, LT Matthew R. Vanderslice, AMT2 Derrick P Suba, AST3 Evan A. Staph 2014 MH-65 CGNR 6515 crew, AS San Francisco LCDR James Kenshalo, LT Beau Belanger, AST3 Corey Fix, AMT2 Travis Swain 2013 MH60T CGNR 6012 crew, Elizabeth City LCDR Steven Cerveny, LT Jane Pena, AMT3 Michael Lufkin, AST2 Randy Haba 2012 HH-60 CG-6010 Crew, AS Kodiak CDR Matthew Breckel, LT John Filipowicz, AMT2 Joshua Harris, AST2 Steven Fischer 2011 HH-60 CG-6013 crew, AS Kodiak LCDR JAMES HARKINS, LT CHRISTOPHER STOECKLER, AET2 DAVID BALL, AST2 MICHAEL GERENT 2010 HH-65C crew, AS Atlantic City LCDR Sean O’Brien, LT Neal Corbin, AMT2 Ian Berg, AST2 David Downham 2009 HH-60J crew, AS Clearwater LCDR Mark Turner, LTjg Daniel Cathell, AMT2 Jason Menezes, AST3 Jon Geskus 2008 HH-65 crew, AS Kodiak LT Timothy Schmitz, LT Greg Gederner, AMT2 Alfred Musgrave, AST2 Abram Heller 2007 HH-65 crew, AS Kodiak LCDR Joseph Carroll, LT Devin Townsend, AST1 Willard Milam, AET2 John Maghupoy 2006 HH-60 crew, AS Sitka LCDR William Simmons, LCDR Walter Horne, AMT3 Karl Schickle, AST3 Jon Houlberg 2005 HH-65 crew, AS Kodiak LT Timothy Eason, LT Robert Kornexl, AMT3 Gibbons 2004 HH-60 crew, AS Kodiak LCDR Joseph Uxmann, LT Jeremy Smith, AMT2 Joseph Triechel, AST2 Joshua Mitcheltree, HS2 Marc Capra 2003 HH-65 crew, AS Humboldt Bay LVCDR Even Grant, LT Andrea Sacchetti, AMT2 Raymond Morris 2002 HH-65 crew, AS North Bend CDR Douglas Kaup, LT Steven Detton, AVT3 Benjamin Berman, AST3 Erick Biehn 2001 HH-65 crew, AS Savannah LT Lance Belben, LT Sean Morrisey, AMT3 Curtis Winn, AST2 Jason Mathers 2000 HH-60 crew, AS Sitka LCDR Robert Yerex, LT james O’Keefe, AMT1 Christian Bloanco, AST3 Noel Hutton CREW CGNR 1720 LT Erik Wyrick LT Terrell Jackson AMT2 Greg Knight AT2 Trenton Garza AMT2 Garth Booye AT3 Kevin Blair AMT3 Colby Smith On 31 December, the crew of CGNR 1720 was launched from Coast Guard Air Station Barbers Point for a distress call from the M/V SINCERITY ACE which experienced an uncontrollable engine room fire 1,800 nautical miles west of the island of Oahu and 350 nautical miles from Wake Island –the closest usable runway. Their heroic actions resulted in saving 16 of 21 mariners at sea. The SINCERITY ACE, a 650-foot car carrier vessel, was actively transporting motor vehicles from Yokohama, Japan to Honolulu, HI. The fire rendered the lifeboat davits useless resulting in a perilous situation at sea. Prior to launch, the pilots and aircrew conducted meticulous fuel calculations in order to maximize time on scene and on load multiple ASRK-24s comprised of life rafts and survival kits due to the complexity of the SAR case and the vast distance from land. After a 7.5-hour transit, CGNR 1720 arrived on scene and observed multiple survivors in the water, spread out across a five square mile area, with several still attempting to abandon ship by being lowered into the water. CGNR 1720 immediately established on scene command, organized rescue efforts, and commenced vectoring five Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue (AMVER) vessels to each survivor’s location. Due to the 20-24 foot waves and 30 knot gusting winds, it was extremely difficult for the AMVER vessels to locate the survivors. The crew of CGNR 1720 elected to deploy two ASRK-24s alongside the burning vessel to assist t_hose abandoning ship and deployed a flare in the vicinity of a group of three people to assist in marking their position. CGNR 1720 established a maximum endurance profile and coordinated search action plans to minimize the gap in air surveillance before another aviation asset could arrive. Prior to CGNR 1720’s departure from on scene, eight victims had been successfully rescued, and AMVER vessels were engaged in recovering another eight. After 11.2 flight hours, CGNR 1720 safely recovered at Wake Island. The next day, CGNR 1720 continued the search and safely deployed a canister packed with Meal’s Ready to Eat to one of the AMVER vessels to feed the survivors, since the vessel was not equipped to sustain additional passengers. The crew demonstrated superior airmanship, comprehensive aircraft and procedural knowledge, well vetted operational risk management, and exceptional crew coordination. The crew selflessly performed their duties, resulting in 16 lives saved. The Elmer Stone Award recognizes Fixed-Wing aircrews who have demonstrated exceptional performance while engaged in search and rescue operations 2018 AIR STATION BARBERS POINT CREW OF CG-1703 LCDR SEAN H. BARTONICEK, LTJG EVAN C. SWINGHAMER, AET2 BEAU F. FISCH, AET2 ANDREW M. DAVIS, AMT2 RYAN A. CABRERA, AET2 JEREMIAH J. STROMBECK, AET3 SHAWN M. FELEPPA 2017 CREW OF HC-130 1790, CGAS BARBER’S POINT LCDR ANTONE ALONGI LT MATTHEW CHASE, AMTC JAMES STARR, AET1 CLASS WILLIAM OSTERHOUT, AET2 CLASS ROBERT WANDELL, AMT2 CLASS JEREMY ANDREWS, AMT2 DAELYN CHANEY 2016 CREW OF HC-130 1790, CGAS BARBER’S POINT LCDR ANTONE ALONGI LT MATTHEW CHASE, AMTC JAMES STARR, AET1 CLASS WILLIAM OSTERHOUT, AET2 CLASS ROBERT WANDELL, AMT2 CLASS JEREMY ANDREWS, AMT2 DAELYN CHANEY 2015 HC-144 CGNR 2309 CREW, CGAS CAPE COD LT JAMISON R. FERRIELL, LT ERIK J. PRICE, AMT3 ERIC C. WOODS, AMT3 CHRISTOPHER S. LELYO 2014 HC-144 CGNR 2309 CREW, CGAS CAPE COD LT DUSTIN LEE, LT STEVEN VANDERLASKE, AMT1 STEPHEN UNDERWOOD, AMT3 ERIC WOODS 2013 HC-130J CGNR 2004 CREW, CGAS ELIZABETH CITY LT MICHAEL MYERS, LTJG FRANK MCINTOSH, AMT3 ERIC LASTER, AMT3 JESSE EMBERT, AMT1 HECTOR RIOS, AET1 JOSHUA ADAMS, AET3 JOSHUA VARGO 2012 HC-130 CGNR 1790 CREW. AS KODIAK LT ISRAEL YOUNG, LT JEANINE MENZE, LCDR MICHAEL BENSON, AET1 RODERICK HANSON, AMTC PAUL HENNING, AET3 DANE BUTLER, AMT1 JARED MORRISON, AET3 CLARK PATTERSON 2011 HC-144 CGNR 2306 CREW, AS MIAMI LT STACIA PARROTT, LTJG DANIEL FEIRMAN, AET1 THOMAS MORRELL, AMT2 CASEY GREEN, AMT2 JACOB EIDE, AET3 JEREMY CHURCH 2010 HC-130 CREW, AS BARBERS POINT LT DAVID SHOOK, LTJG PHILLIP ORTEGA, AET1 ROBERT BLUME, AET2 MICHAEL HOUSE, AMT3 CASE MCCRODEN, AMT3 PAUL JOHNSON 2009 HC-130 CREW, AS SACRAMENTO LCDR CHE BARNES, LT RANDALL BLACK, AMT1 ANDREW KASTEN, AMT1 RANDALL PURDY, AMT1 JASON FERGUSON, AET2 NATHAN LACROIX, AET2 BRENNAN BRIDGEFORD, AMT3 JOSEPH MACKEY 2008 HC-130 CREW, AS KODIAK LT STEVE MCKECHNIE, CDR PAUL TITCOMBE, AMT1 SHAWN CALLIS, AET1 KEVIN DURYEA, AET3 JASON MADDUX, AMT3 COREYT STROBEL, AMT3 COLLIN SPENCER 2007 HC-130 crew, AS Elizabeth City LT Paul Beavis, LT Edward Ahlstrand, AMT1 Trey Jones, AET3 Jesse Bennett, AMT2 Stacey Sorenson, AET3 Ryan Cantu, AMT3 Casey Green 2006 HU-24 CREW, ATC MOBILE LT ANTHONY CELLA, LT STEVEN TALICK, AMT2 RALPH TURNER, AMT3 BOBBY ACREE, AET2 ANDREW GOODISON 2005 HC-130 CREW, AS KODIAK LCDR TODD SCHMIDT, LT STEVEN MCKECHNIE, AMT1 KEVIN KEARNS, AET1MARTIN, AMT2 NORIEGA, AMT2 THOMAS AUITO, AET2 SCOTT MARET 2004 HC-130 CREW, AS KODIAK LCDR Timothy Tobiasz (Aircraft Commander), LCDR Kenneth Harman (Flight Surgeon), LT Eric Storch (Copilot), AMT1 Curtis Jones (Dropmaster), AMT2 Bryan Stewart (Flight Engineer), AET2 Kevin Martin (Navigator), AET2 Daniel Buress, (Radio Operator), AMT3 Anthony Zalocki (Loadmaster) and HS2 Christopher Burnside (Aviation Mission Specialist—Corpsman) 2003 HC-130 CREW, AS ELIZABETH CITY LCDR MICHAEL CALLAHAN, LT ALAN HANSEN, AMTC HOWARD REED, AVT2 PHILIP BENTON, AVT3 BEAU STOUGH, AVT2 BENNET DURHAM, AMT3 CHRISTOPHER TEALL, AMT1 THOMAS BAUGH, AMT3 WENDY MUSSER 2002 HU-25 CREW, AS CAPE COD LT CURTIS SUMROK, LTJG ROB BARTHELMES, AMT2 THOMAS ARNETTE, AVT2 WILLIAM SHRADE 2001 HC-130 CREW, AS CLEARWATER LCDR KIRK BARTNIK, LCDR GEOFF BORREE, LT RONALD DEWITT, LT JONATHAN SPANER, AMT1 STEPHEN 2000 HC-130 CREW, AS ELIZABETH CITY LCDR BILL THOMPSON, LCDR JOHN KEETON, AMT1 JOHN NICHOLSON, AMT1 TIM WALLER, AT1 MIKE MCCLEARY, AMT2 ED HOLLAND, AT2 PAT MUDGE AET1 Brittany Bryant Aviation Logistics Center Medium Range Surveillance Product Line It is my great pleasure to congratulate you as the 2019 recipient of the Chief Aviation Machinist Mate Oliver F. Berry Aviation Maintenance Award. The Coast Guard Aviation Association presents this prestigious award annually to an enlisted aviation technician who has demonstrated exceptional performance and enhanced the overall quality of Coast Guard aviation maintenance. Demonstrating exceptional leadership, superb technical expertise, and professionalism, you played a key role in the Medium Range Surveillance (MRS) Product Line at the Aviation Logistics Center and the entire HC-144 fleet. As the MRS technical expert for three major HC-144B avionics upgrades including Minotaur, the Ocean Sentry Refresh (OSR) cockpit avionics upgrade, and ADS-B, you have refined intricate depot and operational level system checks for the new OSR and Minotaur systems and developed training products to clarify the procedures for the fleet. Participating in the cross-platform review of MH-65E developmental FMS software you noted several discrepancies that did not correlate with DoD/F AA requirements for surveillance systems. By identifying software design solutions and scenarios for the Short Range Recovery (SRR) Product Line, you enabled successful cross-platform engineering and software design change of avionics systems for the MH-65E. Your consummate professionalism, exceptional leadership, superior mentorship, and dedication to the Coast Guards core values make you a role model for the aviation maintenance force and set the standard for mission and maintainer support while overcoming the challenges associated with an aging aircraft fleet. Your outstanding contributions and devotion to duty are most heartily commended and are in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Coast Guard. 2018 AET2 Zoltan Peter, C-27 Asset Project Office (APO) 2017 AMT1 John Levi T. Berg, Aviation Logistics Center 2016 AMT1 Jeremiah D. Branscomb, Aviation Logistics Center 2015 AMTC Joshua E. Vogan, CGAS Barbers Point 2014 AMT2 Christopher J. Roode of CGAS Elizabeth City 2013 AMTC Kevin Deininger, CGAS Barbers Point 2012 AMT1 Lawrence Peranto, CGAS Kodiak 2011 AMT1 Jacob Linder, CGAS Humboldt Bay 2010 AMT1 Frank Fontanez, ATC Mobile 2009 AMT2 Brandon Smith, CGAS San Diego 2008 AMT2 Bryan Patrick, CGAS San Francisco 2007 AMT2 David Parker, CGAS Houston 2006 AMT1 Cletis Milan, CGAS Elizabeth City 2005 AMT1 Randy Losada, CGAS Miami 2004 AM1 Brad Barrington, CGAS San Diego 2003 CWO Pete Fonticoba, CGAS Miami Awarded every 2 years, last awarded in 2019: CDR Ken Coffland, CG Aviator 1600 CDR Hugh O’Doherty, CG Aviator 1732 CAPT Dana Goward, CG Aviator 1825 LCDR Dick Wright, CG Aviator 1914 The Victor Roulund Rescue Swimmer Meritorious Achievement Award recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the U.S. Coast Guard Aviation Rescue Swimmer Program through sustained superior performance, significant initiative in technology or tactics, and unique or extraordinary accomplishments in other areas associated with the Program. This award is sponsored by the Coast Guard Aviation Association and established in 2015. This award is named in honor of AD2 Victor Roulund, who was assigned to Air Station SanFrancisco, when in late December 1955, he was participating as a flight mechanic aboard CG1305, an HO4S helicopter. His crew faced daunting weather and rescue challenges in the vicinity of the Yuba River in northern California, where countless homes and people were seriously stricken in extreme flooding conditions throughout the region. AD2 Roulund voluntarily accepted a very risky rescue attempt, after being hoisted down to a trailer home which was floating down the river. Using hand tools and quick intuition, he broke into the home which was nearly fully submerged, and rescued a woman who was completely disabled, and later placed her into the rescue basket for a successful hoist. AD2 Roulund and his fellow aircrew rescued a total of 138 people during a grueling 12 hour period of nonstop action. All four aircrew were awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. AD2 Roulund’s actions have since been considered the first example of typical mission challenges faced by present day Coast Guard Rescue Swimmers. ASTCM John F. Hall, USCG ASTCM Scott Dyer, USCG (Ret.) AST1 Richard “Rick” McElrath, USCG (Ret.) ASTCM Thomas “Buck” Beaudry, USCG (AIRSTA Miami) ASMCM Larry Farmer, USCG (Ret.) ASTCM Joseph “Butch” Flythe, USCG (Ret.) ASMCM Darell M. Gelakoska, USCG (Ret.)

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The pandemic didn’t stop Nvidia from convening its annual GPU Technology Conference (GTC) last spring. The conference went fully virtual and by all accounts proved successful, so much so that more than a few participants were left wondering why conferences like GTC didn’t take that path long ago. That sentiment, along with the realization of how much simpler it was to host GTC virtually, likely led Nvidia to double up on GTC this year, convening the virtual show once again this October. Last spring, the company’s new Ampere-generation graphics processing unit (GPU) grabbed the bulk of the limelight. And among the priority pitches the company positioned for October’s session was the fruit of the company’s successful acquisition of Mellanox. A new breed of datacenter device designed to monitor, analyze, and secure network traffic called for a new name and acronym and NVIDIA obliged, welcoming the birth of the data processing unit (DPU). Not coincidentally, it’s also a device harnessing the technology of an even bigger acquisition the company is in the process of closing, Arm — the owner and licensor of the ubiquitous (outside of PCs) Arm processors. But despite its attentions being pushed elsewhere, Nvidia managed to put out a new professional-caliber GPU, in the form of product called the RTX A6000 — the first of likely several Ampere-generation GPUs focused on professional visualization applications. First and foremost among those applications is CAD, and the RTX A6000 should deliver meaningful performance boosts for both the traditional 3D graphics use and emerging uses in rendering and compute acceleration. RTX A6000, the First Professional Quadro GPU Built from Ampere With Ampere unveiled and launched on the GeForce side of the house, it was only a matter of time before we’d see the first Ampere-based Quadro. In October of 2020, NVIDIA unveiled the RTX A6000 (with the A prefix standing for Ampere). Typically, the first product based on a new generation appears at the upper end of the product line, and this was no exception. Raw specs on the A6000 track that of the company’s first and top-end gaming-focused GeForce RTX 3080/90 based on Ampere. All leverage the GA102 chip, the graphics-focused derivative of the flagship datacenter-oriented A100 launched at Ampere’s coming-out party last spring. NVIDIA maxed out memory on the RTX A6000, pairing the GA102 with 48 GB of GDDR6 memory, resulting in a card that comes in at a thermal design power, or TDP (the typically-not-to-exceed power) of 300 W. The RTX A6000. Image source: Nvidia. Expect to see the RTX A6000 in the channel by the end of 2020, and shipping in original equipment manufacturer (OEM) workstations in early 2021. The end of the Quadro brand (at least for now). Interestingly, Nvidia at the last moment decided to drop the long-time Quadro brand, so we’re now supposed to call it the RTX A6000 for professionals, or something like that. More on the likely rationale behind the company’s decision to ditch the Quadro name ahead. What Ampere Brings to CAD Professionals In comparison with its direct predecessor, the previous-generation Turing-class Quadro RTX 6000, the RTX A6000’s raw specs suggest a rough doubling of maximum achievable performance. By populating more CUDA cores (the atomic processing element in the GPU’s array of cores responsible for executing the 3D graphics pipeline), the RTX A6000 can manage up to 39 TFLOPS (32-bit floating point operations per second), which is around 2X faster than Turing. These set an upper bound of twice the speed-up compared to Turing for 3D graphics — still the top priority for most CAD users — as well as for GPU-accelerated computation for uses ranging from engineering simulations like finite-element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as well as assisting on rendering. Furthermore, those two uses — graphics and compute — more frequently occur in parallel in the most efficient workflows. So those additional cores don’t just enable a speed-up for each use, but allow users to run more GPU-intensive workloads in parallel. NVIDIA configured a commensurate doubling of graphics memory footprint, outfitting the RTX A6000 with an impressive 48 GB of GDDR6 memory. Granted, 48 GB is overkill for the majority of mainstream CAD projects primarily leaning on the GPU for graphics. But it absolutely can help for large-scale applications in automotive, aerospace, building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GIS), especially when leaning on the GPU for tasks like simulation and rendering. Nvidia's new RTX A6000 for professionals offers twice the raw performance and memory of its predecessor. Data source: Nvidia. As is virtually always the case in assessing raw hardware specs, remember that figures like the “2X” above represent the maximum end of what a user might see. It may or may not be a frequently realized speed-up, depending on the specific content and task. Often, especially when considering other possible hardware system bottlenecks (e.g., CPU, memory, and storage), 2X is more the exception than the rule. Still, a doubling of raw hardware resources from one generation to the next is an impressive step. Furthermore, while twice the raw hardware resources provides at least an upper bound on the gains CAD pros might see running on an Ampere GPU tasked with conventional 3D graphics and compute acceleration, the performance story no longer ends there. When you stop and consider the novel new architectural features pioneered in Volta and carried forward in Turing, the performance of the GPU’s CUDA core array reveals only part of the full picture of Ampere’s merits. The introduction of the Volta generation in 2017 marked an inflection point in the evolution of Nvidia’s GPU, both in terms of the architectural DNA and the recognition of non-graphics applications as a major market driver and product shaper moving forward. In Volta, Nvidia spent a substantial amount — in terms of development, but more significantly in terms of silicon area and therefore product cost — to integrate a multitude of new processing engines called Tensor Cores. Motivated to accelerate machine learning (ML) applications, Tensor Cores proved vital to improve the speed at which rendering could resolve images in the final stage of processing. Volta eventually made its way to traditional workstation and CAD-focused GPUs, in the form of the derivative architecture Turing, spawning the current Quadro RTX 4000/5000/6000/8000 GPUs. In Turing, NVIDIA not only retained Tensor Cores, but piggybacked another engine on top: the RT Core, which explicitly accelerates the process of ray tracing, the performance-critical algorithm for the vast majority of rendering algorithms. In conjunction with the image-resolving acceleration of Tensor Cores, RT Cores enabled Turing-class GPUs to promise dramatically faster rendering, with obvious appeal not only in media-centric applications but CAD as well. Circling back to Ampere, we see Nvidia not only proceeding down that path toward ubiquitous — or at least more pervasive — real-time rendering, but putting its foot firmly on the gas. With Ampere, the company increased RT Core and Tensor Core performance by up to twice that of Turing, resulting in computational horsepower above and beyond what’s delivered by the traditional CUDA core array. (For more on Tensor and RT Cores in Turing, and how they assist in accelerating rendering, check out this previous column: “With New Turing, Nvidia Doubles Down on the Future of Real-Time Ray-Tracing.”) Nvidia's RTX A6000 features increased RT Core and Tensor Core performance by up to twice that of its Turing-based predecessors. Data source: NVIDIA. NVIDIA’s First PCIe Gen 4 GPU The first Nvidia GPU for professionals to support PCI Express 4.0 speeds (with twice the peak data transfer rate of Gen 3). Two notes to make on the jump to Gen 4: First, moving the workstation platform up to new standards of performance and compatibility is a bootstrapping process. That is, the initial enabling doesn’t typically deliver a dramatic performance boost on day one. Rather, it’s a process, one that requires (in this case) both GPU and platform to make the move, which then motivates applications and GPU drivers to make use of the extra I/O headroom. So no, for most CAD professionals using popular applications with at least reasonably mainstream model size and complexity, leveraging Gen 4 with all else equal probably won’t deliver a noticeable boost on day one. But remember, the forward advancement needs to start somewhere, and moving to Gen 4 will deliver dividends over time. Second, looking beyond 3D graphics and instead at the case of emerging GPU applications — compute acceleration, data science, and machine learning — it’s more likely that a jump in I/O performance to Gen 4 may yield immediate performance boosts. It’s worth noting that as of this writing, only AMD’s CPUs are supporting Gen 4, currently in Ryzen and Threadripper SKUs. However, Intel’s upcoming 11th Gen Core family will make the move to Gen 4 as well. The Elastic GPU: 3rd Gen NVLink + Multi-Instance GPU (MiG) Ampere-generation GPUs for professionals achieve more than performance gains for a single monolithic GPU. Two key scaling technologies allow Ampere — particularly in datacenter environments — to scale capabilities up and down for professional users. Borrowing an established term from the cloud, NVIDIA introduced Elastic GPU technology in Ampere. As with its cloud namesake, “elastic” refers to the Ampere’s ability to scale up by harnessing multiple GPU chips to software, seamlessly and transparently. Just as cloud and virtually abstracted desktops are presented as logical instances of a component, rather than the physical component itself, a logical Ampere GPU presented to software can be composed of a potentially large number of individual Ampere GPUs behind the curtain. For example, the initial A100-based DGX A100 Ampere showcase computer comprises as many as 56 physical A100 GPUs, yet they are presented to the application as one monolithic GPU. Enabling the interconnect fabric is a new NVSwitch, with 36 ports running at 25 GB/s per direction, effectively doubling the numbers from the previous Volta/Turing generation. Ampere leverages third-generation NVLink to seamlessly scale one physical GPU up to a datacenter-scale cluster. Image source: NVIDIA. Elastic GPU drives up performance by aggregating multiple physical Ampere GPUs to create one bigger virtual GPU that appears monolithic to the application. That’s great for big-to-unbounded compute problems running in clouds and on-premises datacenters, like photorealistic rendering of complex scenes or ultra-fine-grained simulations. But Ampere supports the inverse as well with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which breaks one physical GPU down into multiple virtual GPU instances (up to 7). Both MIG and NVLink allow compute resource providers (e.g., private and cloud) to more finely allocate GPU resources among clients and tasks. As such, Amazon Web Services, for example, could right-size clients to logical slices of a single physical Ampere GPU. Ampere's multi-instance GPU (MIG) allows for as many as seven logical GPUs to be carved from one physical A100. Image source: NVIDIA. Ampere-Generation GPU Exploits More Synergy Across Applications and Platforms In conjunction with the RTX A6000 release came the A40 GPU, similar in functionality and leveraging Ampere silicon as well, but server-tailored for duty in GPU compute, remote desktop hosting (virtually or physically hosted), and machine learning. Expect to see more professional GPU introductions with these types of sibling pairs: one for desktop and laptop clients, and one for servers. With the growth in both GPU-enabled datacenter compute acceleration and the use of remote (virtual or otherwise) rackmounted datacenter-resident workstations, deploying new GPU technology in both forms serving the same base core of professional applications makes increasing sense. This new reality also helps explain the aforementioned retirement of the Quadro branding. For more than two decades, NVIDIA has managed to ingrain Quadro in the market as the brand for GPUs targeting professional 3D visualization. But with both such products now enveloping far more than 3D visualization, in conjunction with deployment in a wider range of platforms beyond traditional client workstations, the company is clearly looking to decouple the old brand to reflect that evolution. The datacenter-focused sibling: the Nvidia A40. Image source: Nvidia. Dovetailing naturally with the announcement of the Ampere sibling GPUs was the push for enhancements in Nvidia’s Omniverse platform. Developed as an in-house collaboration tool, Omniverse enables remote collaboration and simulation in rich visual computing environments across multiple geographic sites and applications. CAD professionals across the spectrum will find Omniverse of interest, but perhaps most intrigued will be large-scale AEC business that are finding projects more fragmented across more contributors, incorporating staff that may be in another time zone or even on the opposite side of the globe. To ensure all applications are speaking the same language over those portals, Omniverse employs Pixar’s Universal Scene Description technology to specify modeling, shading, animation, and lighting, while tapping NVIDIA’s own MDL (Material Definition Language) as a standard interchange of material parameters. The result? Contributors can develop different components of the same overall scene — or in the case of AEC or manufacturing, the same project — with each seeing the same representation on their individual screens, synchronized in real time. Omniverse's common baseline visual computing environment allows for multiple contributors across networks with minimal bandwidth. Image source: NVIDIA. Plug-in Omniverse Connectors provide the portal to bring in applications running live. Since everyone’s on the same baseline, the only things that get transmitted over the network during collaboration are the changes, which are then reflected in real time among all collaborators. Omniverse will enter beta this fall with connectors for 3DS Max, Blender, Maya, and Revit, among others. The end user's Omniverse platform environment. Image source: Nvidia. Omniverse takes advantage of Ampere’s multi-GPU scalability, such that users have another axis to loosen constraints on the typical quality vs. performance tradeoff. That is, typically a user will need to adjust down quality to hit a performance goal, or allow for slower performance to hit a quality goal. With scalable multi-GPU, Omniverse can instead harness more GPUs as necessary to hit top-end quality and performance goals. CAD, BIM, and GIS are among the most compelling applications for a multi-site, data-compatible 3D development environment like Omniverse. Image source: Nvidia. Pursuing the Ultimate Goal: Shrinking Design and Verification Time By pushing on GPUs to more efficiently accelerate rendering and compute-oriented applications, technologies like Ampere and products like the RTX A4000 and A40 aren’t focused on simply speeding up your existing workflow. Rather, they hopefully open the door to expanding and evolving a workflow to allow more frequent and more detailed execution of valuable but compute-expensive workloads. Consider typical CAD and BIM workflows, with work time dominated by the sequential and iterative modify/visualize/verify cycle. That verify portion can now integrate simulations earlier and more often — ditto for renderings — without waiting until later stages of workflow. Think of the tasks that you’ve probably felt pressured to ration in the past, simply because they take too long to exploit frequently. All else being equal, wouldn’t designers or stylists prefer to render more often to validate lighting or aesthetics? Likewise, wouldn’t engineers love to run CFD or FEA simulations more frequently, for longer duration periods, or to finer-grained detail? What about integrating those luxurious-but-valuable high-demand usage models into the modify-visualize-test cycle, rather than limiting them to once or twice at the end? One supporter of that evolution is Tim Logan, the VP of Computational Applications Development at HKS, an international firm with more than 1,400 architects engaged in projects spread across multiple sites among their 24 locations in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. Supporting NVIDIA’s launch of the new Ampere GPUs, Logan stated, “With the NVDIA RTX A6000, we are getting closer to being able to run simulations in real time where we’re getting near-instantaneous feedback on design changes. This is bringing real building simulation down from days and weeks, to minutes or hours.” Speeding complex lighting simulations like this one from HKS opens the door for not just quicker, but more frequent feedback design loop iterations. Image source: HKS. Then expand that notion by considering the synergistic addition of Omniverse, simplifying the effort involved in remote, multi-contributor CAD-based projects — right up the alley of firms like HKS. And moving to a centralized cloud-resident repository for Omniverse-type project data opens the door for further benefits, like leveraging Ampere-based GPU scaling in the datacenter for tackling mega-scale jobs in the absolute minimum time. Clearly illustrated by the emergence of GPU siblings the RTX A6000 and A40 — as well as the understandable retirement of the company’s venerable Quadro brand — the GPU has grown well beyond its role as a 3D graphics engine for client workstations. In that respect, the G (standing for graphics) in GPU might be worthy of retirement as well, because NVIDIA’s sights are far more holistic these days, looking at serving the entirety of professional users’ computing needs in the pursuit of what is truly the ultimate goal: a shorter path to a higher-quality end product. With more than 30 years of engineering, marketing, and management experience in the semiconductor industry, Alex Herrera is a consultant focusing on high-performance graphics and workstations. Author of frequent articles covering both the business and technology of graphics, he is also responsible for the Workstation Report series, published by Jon Peddie Research.View All Articles

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https://blog.cadalyst.com/cadalyst-cad-hardware/nvidia-unveils-ampere-gen-rtx-a6000-a40-evolving-path-for-its-gpus

2024-04-21T16:57:41Z

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Certificate 4 in Celebrancy Certificate IV in Celebrancy CHC41015 is a nationally accredited celebrant course offered by The Celebrant Institute RTO 22417 that is required for people looking to become an authorised marriage celebrant in Australia. What are you looking for in your celebrant training? Are you looking for the best celebrancy course in Australia, a course that will provide you with professional and relevant celebrancy training, education and ongoing support? Look no further, for this is what The Celebrant Institute offers you. Wedding Celebrant Course With over 71% of Certificate IV in Celebrancy graduates feeling unprepared for their work as marriage celebrants, we have designed a course that tackles that problem head-on. Our wedding celebrant students will graduate with the confidence needed to stand in front of weddings and absolutely rock at what they do, while also being prepared to address the legal structures and requirements of becoming and being a Commonwealth Registered Marriage Celebrant. As one of my valued students, you will receive support, information and inspiration all the way through. Our students always have direct access to us through email and phone. We’re all working celebrants and may not always be available to chat or answer an email straight away, but we’ll always get back to you. I will continue to support you after your studies when you are facing the challenges of creating best practice ceremonies in the real world. You will be able to stay in touch with the other students you meet through the course. You will be encouraged to attend ceremonies (observing appropriate protocols), learn from your colleagues, and enrich each other by sharing experiences. Your main trainer is me, Sarah Aird, CEO of The Celebrant Institute RTO, and I am widely regarded as the best celebrancy trainer in Australia. I have also commissioned videos from other celebrants and content experts around the country, with their tips and tricks for different aspects of celebrancy practice. I have a small team of trusted assessors who help me out with reviewing your assessment tasks, but they work to clear criteria that help them make consistent decisions the same way I would. In addition to initial training, CIRTO offers Professional Development to registered celebrants, so you can feel confident that I am in touch with a wide range of practising celebrants on a regular basis, as well as keeping completely up to date with what’s going on in the world of celebrancy. How to get started in the best celebrant course Our online celebrant course is highly reviewed and our graduates go on to successful careers as marriage celebrants. Read through all the information below including intake dates, and follow the instructions to apply for enrolment. About Sarah Aird My ceremony clients are just as impressed with my work as my colleagues are; I provide a warm and compassionate service to my wedding and funeral clients, and they are always quick to recommend me to others. I not only know all of the things, I’m also adept at teaching them to new and experienced celebrants in a way that is friendly and approachable. With expertise spanning all aspects of a celebrant’s work, from the legalities to writing ceremonies to performing ceremonies to running a successful, process-oriented business, I have so much to give to the next generation of Australian celebrants, and I am delighted to have the opportunity to pass on my skills and knowledge. If you’d like to hear me speak on all things celebrant-related, have a listen to my podcast with Josh Withers, The Celebrant Talk Show, available in your podcast app or at celebrant.fm. My collaboration with Josh Withers, The Celebrant Institute, provides a membership platform for celebrants and aspiring celebrants to ask questions of both of us, recognised experts in the industry. You will receive a free 12-month membership to The Celebrant Institute as part of your Certificate IV in Celebrant enrolment; read more about us at celebrant.institute Online courses are delivered completely online entirely from your own home, starting on the first course intake date after your enrolment is processed (see intake dates in the Enrolments section below). You have 12 months to review the written and video content and complete the assessment tasks. There are no organised face-to-face sessions involved in online courses, however there are fortnightly Zoom sessions for students to ask questions. Course fee: $3080 (Please note I am no longer offering face to face training for the Certificate IV in Celebrancy.) Content and assessments We look at ceremonies in general in Australian culture, then take a deeper look at marriages and funerals. We also look at what is required to set up a sustainable celebrant business, and to care for and develop the business in the long-term. All content is provided via our eLearning platform, aXcelerate. There are 20 separate modules, each including multiple sections of written content for you to work through at your own pace; this written content is also provided as a PDF manual in case you want to print it out. Many sections include videos alongside the written content: there are more than 70 core content videos in which I deliver the content to you just the way I would in a classroom, and there are more than 50 additional content videos in which my celebrant colleagues and other content experts provide extra tips and tricks for you to make your celebrant practice the best it can be. There are opportunities to check your knowledge throughout the content delivery; these are not assessment tasks, just chances for you to check you’re on the right track and jot down some initial thoughts about your business. As well as the required legal marriage documents and completed examples, I provide you with more than 20 document templates I have designed throughout my years as a celebrant; you can edit them as you wish and use them for your assessment tasks, and you’ll be able to use them when you’re out in the world working as a celebrant. Finally, my assessor Tania Marsh has created 30 ceremony certificate samples for non-marriage ceremonies that you are welcome to use in your assessment tasks and when you’re a practising celebrant. You will receive a free 12-month Celebrant Institute membership so that you can access the more than 400 blog posts Josh and I have written over the years, many of which will be relevant to your studies. Assessment is extensive and involves everything from written assignments through to simulated interviews, rehearsals and ceremony performances (all of which must be videoed for submission); at least one ceremony must be performed in front of at least 20 people, and at least two ceremonies must be performed using PA equipment (which can be hired from audiovisual suppliers). - Writing: The nature of the role is that the celebrant is totally responsible for all aspects of the client interaction, from completing legal documentation to writing cohesive and grammatically correct ceremonies, and everything in between. Difficulty with writing clearly and cohesively in English may mean the celebrant is unable to appropriately communicate with their clients, accurately complete legal documentation, or create meaningful written ceremonies. - Speaking: The celebrant is required to deliver a ceremony to audience numbers that range from five people to several hundred. Someone who has difficulty speaking English would not be appropriate for this course. - Listening: The celebrant is required to gather and interpret information from clients in relation to their legal status and the content of their ceremony. Someone who has hearing difficulties may find it difficult to discuss these requirements unless both the celebrant and the client are fluent in sign language. - Reading: The celebrant is required to read and understand marriage law and other legislation, regulations and guidelines, and present written ceremonies. Difficulty with reading may mean that the celebrant misinterprets legal requirements, or struggles with appropriately presenting ceremony inclusions. - Numeracy: The celebrant operates a small business, providing invoices and recording details of expenses. Difficulty in this regard may mean the celebrant will not effectively be able to maintain their small business in the long term. - Digital: The celebrant runs a small business in the 21st century, requiring them to be able to communicate with their clients and stakeholders digitally. Difficulty working at an intermediate level of computer proficiency, with the ability to create and edit Microsoft Word documents and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, complete Adobe Reader documents, send and receive emails, manage electronic documents, and interact with online databases and software systems, and/or lack of access to an internet-connected computer and printer, would make it extremely difficult to work as a celebrant. You will be required to undertake a Language, Literacy and Numeracy (LLN) test and an interview prior to enrolment, and these will assist me to assess whether you will require any training before starting or ongoing assistance during the course. The minimum age for commencing this course is 18 years. Podcast Episodes With Graduates A. 6 core units CHCCEL001: Develop sustainable celebrancy practice CHCCEL002: Establish client celebrancy needs CHCCEL003: Research, design and organise ceremonies CHCCEL004: Prepare for, present and evaluate ceremonies CHCDIV001: Work with diverse people CHCLEG001: Work legally and ethically B. 3 units required for registration as an authorised marriage celebrant CHCCEL005: Establish and maintain marriage celebrancy practice CHCCEL006: Interview clients and plan marriage ceremonies CHCCEL007: Prepare for, present and evaluate marriage ceremonies C. 4 elective units BSBCMM411: Make presentations BSBTWK401: Build and maintain business relationships BSBESB401: Research and develop business plans CHCCEL008: Plan, present and evaluate funeral and memorial ceremonies Many students ask me if they MUST complete the funeral celebrancy unit. In a word, yes. I want all of my celebrancy graduates to walk out into the world fully confident and able to perform a wide range of ceremonies, including funerals. Every marriage celebrant will be asked to perform a funeral at some point during their career, and I want my graduates to be prepared so that when that phone call comes, they don’t feel the need to impose on an experienced funeral celebrant and ask if they can copy one of their scripts. It’s unprofessional and unfair, so I insist that all of my students complete this unit. Becoming a Marriage Celebrant Once you have completed the Certificate IV in Celebrancy, you will be required to apply for registration as a Commonwealth Registered Marriage Celebrant. The Attorney General’s Department will assess your suitability for registration based on the information you provide in your application. The application fee is currently $400. Completing this course does not guarantee that you will attain registration as a Commonwealth Registered Marriage Celebrant. Creating a successful and sustainable celebrancy business can be difficult. It’s important that you know it may be tough to earn a full-time living from celebrancy. It is also crucial that aspiring marriage celebrants are aware they are not allowed to advertise their services or take bookings from marrying couples until after they have received their registration as a celebrant from the Attorney-General’s Department. Please ensure you have read the information on the Attorney General’s Department’s website about Becoming a Marriage Celebrant before you enrol for this course. Another resource is becomeacelebrant.au Thinking about becoming a celebrant to marry a friend or family member? Read this first. Fees and Refunds Total fees of $3080 are payable as follows: - Non-refundable enrolment deposit (prior to being granted access to the learning and assessment materials): $440 - Remainder to be paid in monthly instalments after intake start date: $440 per month for six months (first payment due one month after intake start date) The Celebrant Institute RTO protects the fees that are paid in advance by students by not requiring a student to ever pay more than $1,500 in advance for services not yet provided, either prior to course commencement or at any stage during their course. Fees will be paid off during the course in instalments according to a set payment schedule that meets these requirements Fee information relevant to a course is outlined in detailed in the Student Agreement and summarised on the Course Outline as well as the RTO’s website. In compliance with Clause 5.3 of the Standards, detailed fee information is provided prior to enrolment or commencement of training, whichever is first. Fee information includes: - All costs for the course including any materials fees - Any other costs payable to the RTO including costs for recognition of prior learning if applicable - Payment terms and conditions including deposits, refunds and payment schedules if applicable The Student Agreement and the Student Handbook which are provided prior to enrolment, includes this Fees and Refunds Policy and informs the student of their consumer rights. Students are asked to sign the Student Agreement in acknowledgement of the terms and conditions of the enrolment and this policy. No cooling-off period applies as The Celebrant Institute RTO does not use unsolicited consumer agreements (such as telemarketing, door-to-door selling or direct approach marketing in a public places). Course fees as applicable to each course are detailed on the Student Agreement and include: - All of the training and assessment as well as basic educational support services required for students to achieve the qualification or course in which they are enrolling within the attempts allowed. Where a student fails to achieve a satisfactory outcome after three attempts at an assessment task, reassessment fees may apply. - Issuance of one set of electronic certification documents including the testamur (certificate) and record of results and/or a Statement of Attainment (in the case of withdrawal or partial completion). Course fees do not include: - Any optional textbooks and materials that may be recommended but not required to complete a course. - Stationery such as paper and pens or other personal use items such as computers or internet access that may be required to complete homework tasks. - Printing costs (if required). - Re-issuance or printing of AQF certification documents. Re-issuance or printed copies of these documents will attract a fee of $50 per document plus the cost of postage if required. The Celebrant Institute RTO cannot guarantee that students will successfully complete the course in which they enrol regardless of whether all fees due have been paid. Payments can be accepted by electronic transfer only. Students who are experiencing difficulty in paying their fees are invited to call our office to make alternative arrangements for payment during their period of difficulty. Debts may be referred to a debt collection agency where fees are more than 40 days past due. The Celebrant Institute RTO reserves the right to suspend the provision of training and/or other services until fees are brought up to date. Students with long term outstanding accounts may be withdrawn from their course if payments have not been received and no alternative arrangements for payment have been made. Fees paid are transferrable to a different online intake if the original start date is no longer suitable for the student, at no charge to the student. Only one transfer is allowed per enrolment; additional transfers will attract an administration fee. - Deferral of enrolment Students may defer their enrolment for up to 12 months and recommence their training program at a later date and occur no additional fees. Students wishing to defer their enrolment for more than 12 months will need to cancel their enrolment and re-enrol when they are ready to recommence the training program. Only one deferral is allowed per enrolment; additional deferrals will attract an administration fee. During the period of deferral, students will not have access to course resources. - Withdrawal/cancellation of enrolment Students may withdraw from/cancel their enrolment in writing at any time, but if their training program has already commenced, they will not be entitled to a refund of any fees paid. Students wishing to withdraw from/cancel their enrolment can do so by completing the Withdrawal Form and submitting it to [email protected]. Students who are unable to complete the training and assessment program within 12 months may apply to extend their enrolment for three months at a time, at an additional cost of $500 per extension. Only two extensions are available; if the course is not finished after 18 months, the student will need to re-enrol and start again. Extensions after the initial 12 months are only available to those students who have completed a substantial amount of work (i.e. at least the first submission of full written Tasks 1-15) at the time of their first application for extension. Second extensions are only available to those students who have submitted at least six practical assessment tasks during the period of their first extension. Applications for extension must be made in writing via the Application for Extension Form, which must be emailed to [email protected] no less than two weeks before the student’s enrolment end date. Applications for extension are the responsibility of the student. The Celebrant Institute RTO will not be responsible for following up students coming close to their enrolment end date. Students who have not completed their first submission of all tasks by their enrolment end date will have their enrolment cancelled with no notice, and they will not be entitled to a refund of any fees paid. All course fees include an Enrolment Fee (or non-refundable deposit) which will only be refunded where The Celebrant Institute RTO is required to cancel a course before it commences due to insufficient numbers or for other unforeseen circumstances. A student not achieving the qualification or unit/s in which they enrolled due to exhausting their attempts at assessment does not entitle the student to a refund. RPL application fees are non-refundable. In the unlikely event that The Celebrant Institute RTO, or any third parties responsible for delivering training and assessment on its behalf, is unable to deliver the course or any portion of the course as promised, the student will be issued with a refund for the course or portion of course that was not provided. This includes the following situations: - Where The Celebrant Institute RTO or any third parties delivering training and assessment on its behalf ceases to operate. - Where The Celebrant Institute RTO ceases to deliver the course in which a student is enrolled, and the agreement is terminated. - Where The Celebrant Institute RTO needs to make a change to the terms of the student agreement (such as the way the course is delivered or conditions of enrolment) and a new agreement cannot be reached with the student to account for changes.’ In any of the above situations, The Celebrant Institute RTO will automatically conduct a refund assessment of all affected students and issue the refunds due to the Fee Payer accordingly. In these cases, there is no need for a student to make an individual application for a refund. Refunds will be issued within 28 business days. The refund assessment will be based on reviewing the services and/or materials provided to the student and the costs incurred by The Celebrant Institute RTO in the provision such as: - Textbooks or other materials provided - Training provided and received (i.e. amount of online content accessed) - Individual support provided by the trainer/assessor - Assessments marked or feedback provided (including RPL). The outcome of the refund assessment will be provided in writing to the student’s registered address within 28 business days, outlining the decision and reasons for the decision along with any applicable refund or adjustment note. Refund decisions can be appealed following our Complaints and Appeals Policy & Procedure. Refunds will be paid to the person or organisation that made the original payment. Refund assessments can be appealed following our Complaints and Appeals Policy & Procedure. Records of refund assessments and issuance of refunds will be stored securely on the student’s file and in our accounts keeping system. The Celebrant Institute RTO will publish in a prominent place on its website the following: - Costs for fee for service programs. - This Fees and Refunds Policy. The Celebrant Institute RTO has the following additional charges which may apply in some circumstances. |Non-Tuition Fees – all students |Re-issuance or printed copies of testamur and statements of results All course fees include the cost for issuing of one copy of the AQF testamur and Record of Results and/or a Statement of Attainment. This fee applies to each additional copy of a certification document if required. |$50 per document plus the cost of postage if required Printing costs required if students require a copy of any records that The Celebrant Institute RTO holds about them. |20c per page |Reassessment fee (per assessment task) Where a student fails to achieve a satisfactory outcome after three attempts at an assessment task, reassessment fees may apply for additional attempts. |$250 per attempt |Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) application fee (per unit) Total course fees may be reduced to account for the number of units undertaken via RPL or where Course Credit has been granted. |$500 per unit A three-month extension may be applied for by students who have completed a substantial amount of work (i.e. at least first submission of written Tasks 1-15) but will be unable to complete their training program within 12 months. A second three-month extension may be applied for by students who have submitted at least six practical assessment tasks during the period of their first extension. A maximum of two three-month extensions are available before a student will need to re-enrol and recommence their training program. |$500 per extension |Administration fee for transfers and/or deferrals One transfer to a different online intake is allowed per enrolment. One deferral of up to 12 months is allowed per enrolment. Additional transfers or enrolments will attract an administration fee. |$250 per transfer or deferral Students requiring additional one-on-one training should contact the office with details of the training required. This training will be delivered by Zoom. Only Interested in Funeral Celebrancy? If you’re only interested in conducting funerals, there’s no need to complete the Certificate IV in Celebrancy. In fact, there’s no need to complete any training or qualification at all – anyone can be a funeral celebrant! However we strongly recommend you do consider some training, starting with our funeral professional development course. This is the same content my Certificate IV in Celebrancy students undertake in their funeral unit, but there is no assessment; you just read the information and watch the videos as often as you like. You can purchase the brief funeral course here! How to enrol: - Download and read the Course Outline - Download and read the Student Handbook - Download and complete in full the Language, Literacy and Numeracy assessment. You must download this form and complete it using Adobe (see below); do not complete it in your browser window. THIS IS NOT OPTIONAL, REGARDLESS OF YOUR PREVIOUS EDUCATION OR EMPLOYMENT - If you are wishing to apply for a Credit Transfer, download and complete in full the Credit Application Form. You must download this form and complete it using Adobe (see below); do not complete it in your browser window. - Prepare a photo/scan of one form of photo ID, e.g. a driver’s licence or passport. - Choose the intake you would like to apply for from the list below, click on the button and complete the form, uploading the appropriate documents as required. - Full and complete applications must be received no later than the Monday before you are hoping to begin your course. - After completing your application, I will invite you to a pre-enrolment interview via Zoom; this must take place no later than the Wednesday before you are hoping to begin your course. Please check your spam folder for your invitation if it doesn’t land in your inbox. - Once your enrolment has been approved I will send you a Letter of Offer, a Student Agreement, and an invoice for your first payment. - Your studies will begin on the next intake start date after you return your Student Agreement and make your first payment. |Course Start Date |Monday May 20 2024 |Monday June 17 2024 |Monday July 15 2024 |Monday August 12 2024 |Monday September 9 2024 |Monday October 7 2024 |Monday November 4 2024 |Monday December 2 2024 NB: the LLN assessment and Credit application form are built as fancy Adobe forms that can be fully completed electronically (although handwriting and scanning them are also acceptable). You will need the latest version of Adobe Reader to complete them, which you can download here: https://get.adobe.com/reader/For information about creating digital signatures for use with Adobe forms, please click here: https://helpx.adobe.com/content/dam/help/en/document-cloud/Adobe_DC_eSign_Best_Practices_Digital_Signatures.PDF. Further Questions / Information If after reading all the information and documents published on this page you still have questions about the Cert IV in Celebrancy, please make a 15-minute appointment to speak to Sarah by phone:

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://celebrant.institute/celebrant-training/

2024-04-21T18:36:17Z

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Sample research paper on causes and treatments of juvenile crime Violent Juvenile crimes have attracted the attention of media and policy makers alike. While a majority opinion veers on the thesis that juvenile delinquency results from socio-economic circumstances, a minority opinion still holds on stubbornly the biological basis of crimes. Without entering into the debate, the paper analyzes the causes of violent juvenile crimes. The paper also goes on to focus on a range of measures aimed at addressing these crimes. Criticisms of Juvenile Justice Programs have led to demands for the change in the way young offenders are charged, punished and treated. Punishment and rehabilitation are the two extreme measures that have been sought to be balanced in various ways by the juvenile justice system over the last three decades. The recent media reports have overwhelming content on Juvenile crime. A number of studies have also gone on to report upon the extent and nature of those crimes. The government and the reform agencies including the juvenile justice system have responded accordingly thereby moving juvenile justice policy to the center of public attention and political debate in recent years. We have also witnessed demands for the change in the way young offenders punished and treated largely owing to the criticisms against juvenile justice programs. According to Jeffrey M. Jenson , and Matthew O. Howard (1998): Public concern about violent juvenile crime is at an unprecedented high (Butterfield, 1996). The increasingly violent nature of contemporary youth crime and the escalating number of young people involved with the juvenile justice system have challenged established beliefs guiding policy and practice with offenders. Traditionally, the juvenile court has striven to maintain a balance between rehabilitating and punishing offenders. The extent to which policy with young offenders has emphasized rehabilitation versus punishment has changed intermittently over the past 30 years. Influenced by principles of deinstitutionalization, practice in the 1970s and 1980s was based on an individual treatment model encouraging placement of offenders in nonsecure, community-based programs. Since 1990 these practice strategies have been de-emphasized in favor of strict sanctions and incarceration (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention [OJJDP], 1996). Extent of the Problem According to Nacro youth crime fact sheet, “Offending by young people is relatively common. Some 33 % of males aged 15-16 years in self report studies, for example, admit committing at least one offence within the past 12 months. At the same time, public perceptions tend to overstate the extent of crime which is attributable to young people: 28% believe that young people are responsible for more than half of all offences; and a further 55% consider that responsibility for crime is shared equally by adults and young people. In fact during 1999, 76% of detected crime was committed by persons over the age of 18. Offenders over 21 years were responsible for over 60% of detected offending” (NACRO 2001:1) According to a survey carried out by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, published in 2002, based on the sample size of 14000 exposed some of the unknown facts on youth crime in the U.K. According to the survey, almost half of Britain’s secondary school children admitted breaking the law at some time; a third of 14-15 year olds admitted committing criminal damage and a quarter admitted shoplifting in the past year; one in five 15-16 year old boys admitted to attacking some one with the intention to cause serious harm; one in 10 boys in the age group 11-12 said they had carried a knife or other weapon in the past year and 8 percent admitted to having attacked someone with an intention to cause serious harm. One in 10 boys aged 15 and 16 said they had broken into a building to steal during the previous year including 4 percent who said they had done so three or four times; a quarter of 13 to 14 year olds indulged in binge drinking, consuming five or more alcoholic drinks in one session; serious drug problems were also identified (Colquhoun 18). According to the Youth Lifestyle Survey (YLS) carried among 4848 respondents (aged between 12 and 30 yrs.) between October 1998 and January 1999 several youth offences were reported. Almost half of 12-30 year olds admitted committing at least one of the 27 offences at some stage of their lives (57% men and 37% women). The other reported findings were as follows: - almost a fifth (19%) of 12 to 30 year olds admitted one or more offence in the last 12 months. Women were less likely to have offended (11%) as compared to men (26%). - At the time of the reported offence, about half (48% of men and 59% of women) had committed only one or two offences. - Among all offences in 12 to 30 year olds, those in the age 14-21 committed most while those in the youngest (12 to 13) and oldest (26 to 30) age groups committed the least. - The offending began at an average age of 13 ½ for boys and 14 for girls - The rates of offending are highest among men aged 18 – the peak age of offending; among women the peak age of offending is 14. - At the ages 12 and 13 there is little difference in boys and girls in offending including drug use and drinking. The difference becomes marked after the age of 14, and over the age of 17, male offenders outnumber the women by a ratio of about 3:1 (Flood-Page et al. 2000, pp7-8) A number of reports have unanimously pointed out a perceptible decrease in youth crimes over the last 15 years. For instance, according to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, between 1983 and 1993 there was a drop of 42% among the 10 to 13 year old boys who were found guilty or cautioned for more serious “indictable” offences. The corresponding decline among 14-17 year old boys was 15%. However, it was also pointed out at the same time that the perceptible decrease was illusory, as the police-recorded crime statistics and the national surveys of the victims of crime together agree that within the same period there has been a dramatic increase in offences like burglary and vehicle thefts, the types of offences most often committed by the juveniles. The other probable reasons explaining the discrepancy could be a growing reluctance to take juveniles to court and an increasing tendency on the part of police to issue unrecorded warnings rather than formal cautions (Joseph Rawntree Foundation.1996 understanding and preventing youth crime, Available at:http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/SP93.asp) Factors Responsible for Criminal Behavior According to Joseph Rawntree Foundation, young offenders tend to be versatile and rarely specialize in specific crime or violence. “Longitudinal research has identified features in the childhood and adult lives of violent offenders and non-violent persistent offenders that are very similar, suggesting that violent offenders are essentially frequent offenders. Studies have also found that young offenders are versatile in committing other types of antisocial behavior, including heavy drinking, drug-taking, dangerous driving and promiscuous sex. Delinquency is, therefore, only one element in a much larger syndrome of antisocial behavior” (http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/SP93.asp>) A large number of available researches on backgrounds, circumstances, and attitudes of future offenders have identified factors that point to an increased risk of future criminal behavior among children. Some of them as pointed out by the Home Office are troubled home life; poor attainment at school, truancy and school exclusion; drug or alcohol misuse and mental illness; deprivation such as poor housing and homelessness; peer group pressure (Home Office. What causes youth crime, Available at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/youth-crime/). More or less similar set of reasons have been identified by the studies on criminal behavior. Ian Colquhoun identifies major causes of youth crime as follows: Low income and poor housing; Living in deteriorating inner city areas; A high degree of impulsiveness and hyperactivity; Low intelligence and low attainment; Poor prenatal discipline and harsh erratic discipline; Parental conflict and broken families (p.18). The global report on human settlement points out that a wealth of international data suggests that crime and violence are strongly associated with the growth and proportions of youthful populations, and especially young males. Youth crimes and violence rates are also associated with such environmental factors as level of policing, conviction and imprisonment rates, drug cultures and a host of situational elements that condition people. Across countries, small arms survey and WHO data report that males aged 15-29 account for about half of all firearm related homicides. However, apart from the factors internal to the offenders, the planning and policy measures are significant determinants of crime. “From a planning and public policy standpoint, then, where crimes occur and how places are designed and managed are at least as important as who the perpetrators are…because crime and violence tends to reoccur in relatively limited number of places in cities…generally well known to citizens and police, and occurrences are therefore, reasonably predictable” (Global Report on Human Settlements 70). Scholarly evidences distinctly demonstrate what is in fact at the root of crime explosion in America. It is the utter lack of responsibility on the part of parents to be responsible fathers and mothers. This loss of love and guidance at the intimate levels leads to adverse social consequences for the victimized children as well as the wider social connectivity. “The empirical evidence shows that too many young men and women from broken families tend to have a much weaker sense of connection with their neighborhood and are prone to exploit its members to satisfy their unmet needs or desires. This contributes to a loss of a sense of community and to the disintegration of neighborhoods into social chaos and violent crime. If policymakers are to deal with the root causes of crime, therefore, they must deal with the rapid rise of illegitimacy” (www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/BG1026.cfm) A range of intervention measures are in place to check crime in the first place. These and similar other programs are aimed at a wider population of children at risk. These include: Sure Start: aiming to improve the health and well being of families with children up to the age of 4 in the first place ensuring they are ready to flourish when they go to school. On Track: is a small initiative aimed at older children who have been identified as at risk of getting involved in a crime. Communities That Care: is an evidence based prevention program run by communities in partnership with local agencies. Youth Inclusion Program (YIP) targets 50 of the most ‘at risk’ or ‘most disaffected’ 13 to 16 year olds in the most deprived neighborhoods. Safer Schools Partnerships (SSPs): place police officers in schools to reduce truancy, crime and victimization among young people, challenge unacceptable behavior, and provide a safe and secure learning environment, and Youth Inclusion and Support Panels (YISPs): are multi agency panels set up by the Youth Justice Board to target children at risk of offending and those starting to offend (Youth Crime Prevention in England and Wales, Available at: http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/files/POLICE0001/Articles) David Farrington, Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University, discusses a program that has been highly successful in America that could also be applied in Britain. The program he speaks of is ‘Communities that Care’ program aimed at reducing antisocial behavior among young people. It has been devised by researchers at the University of Washington, Seattle. It can be easily adapted in the United Kingdom for its flexibility and systematic approach. It is known as ‘a risk and protection focused program’, based on a social development strategy that can be tailored to the specific needs of a neighborhood, district or city. Its features include: Community mobilization: key leaders together with a management board consisting of representatives from local agencies and the community work in close coordination. The board arranges a detailed assessment of local risks and resources and formulates an action plan. Implementation: implementing techniques from a menu of strategies that research has shown to be effective, is aimed at addressing priority risk and protection factors Evaluation: detailed monitoring is an inherent part of the program so as to evaluate program's progress and effectiveness (Joseph Rawntree Foundation.1996 understanding and preventing youth crime, Available at:http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/SP93.asp) There are mentoring programs with the potential to be quite successful, but are unfortunately languishing for funds. One such project aimed at reducing the risk of criminal behavior amongst young people in cambridgeshire. “The plea for financial support from CSV Cambridge Mentors and Peers comes in the wake of national acclaim for one of its sister projects in Essex which was featured recently in The Independent newspaper and BBC1’s Breakfast news program. Both projects, plus a third one in Bedford aim to reduce the risk of criminal behavior amongst young people” (CSV Funds needed to save Cambridge youth crime project. 14 June 2004. Available at: http://www.csv.org.uk/News/Press+Releases/Press+Releases+Cambridge+Mentors.htm) The research at the University of Luton Vauxhall, Centre for the Study of Crime has shown distinct positive impact that volunteer mentoring projects involving young offenders can lead to: “a reduction in offending behavior, a reduction in problems at school and an improvement in young people’s confidence, self-esteem and self-awareness. The young people involved highlight the significant value of the ‘volunteer mentor’ role - they say they value the friendship, trust, guidance and encouragement of the volunteer.” The editorial of The Independent has spoken eloquently about the mentoring schemes for young people. Its editorial says, “The Mentor and Peers (MAP) project, run by the Community Service Volunteers charity, is interesting because it aims to avoid the error of similar schemes: waiting for young people to fall foul of the law before offering them guidance” (http://www.csv.org.uk). CSV Cambridgeshire Mentors and Peers was established in 2002. It expanded and grew to recruit and train 18 dedicated and enthusiastic volunteers that made a huge difference to the lives of young people in Cambridge and the surrounding areas. “Research shows how volunteers can help in the fight against crime in the UK, indicating that volunteering has an effect on reducing - and even preventing - crime. Unfortunately, in spite of its success and support from the local Youth Offending Service, CSV Cambridgeshire Mentors and Peers will no longer be able to offer mentoring to local young people due to a lack of funding” (http://www.csv.org.uk). The government programs have not all been very successful. The Sure Start program was expected to be highly successful, but the evaluation’s interim findings were not quite encouraging (Melhuish et al, 2005). On Track Program is successful to the extent of reaching the high risk families in the deprived areas, use of these services is lower than anticipated. However, the program is being viewed favorably among parents and children where they are used (Finch et al 2006). This program runs the risk of stigmatizing the very children and families it intends to help, since it is an individual rather than area based study. An alternative model borrowed from the US, the Communities That Care, is now being rolled out in UK. The other government initiatives have also shown at best the mixed results. The Youth Inclusion Program aimed at 10 hours of intervention per person per week, but in practice very few young people ( less than 10 percent) achieved this level of attendance (Morgan Harris Burrows, 2003). SSP programs have shown a robust success in terms of reduced truancy, and improved exam pass rates. According to an assessment of offending data in three schools that adopted SSP model of a full time police officer plus support team, a before and after study found that 139 offences were prevented annually (YJB, 2005). Another crucial initiative, Every Child Matters, is in response to the tragic death of Victoria Climbie in 2002, who was persistently abused, tortured and murdered by her own relative. The government responded by initiating a public inquiry that subsequently published a consultation document ‘Every Child Matters’ (DfES 2003). It offers a new initiative on securing the well being of children and young people up to the age of 19. It ensures intervention reaches children before the crisis point. Until recently due to limited empirical evidence, evaluation of youth crime program was restricted to two main programs- Dalston Youth Project (DYP) and CHANCE. Another program Youth At Risk (YAR) gained publicity but it has not been subject to independent published research. The DYP runs programs for 11-14 year olds and 15-18 year-olds, the disaffected youths from one of the most deprived boroughs in England and Wales. Research on the older age group suggests some possible impact on self-reported offending and truancy (though not drug use). DYP worked successfully with about half those involved. However, about half did not engage with the project in any meaningful way. The overall impact on offending behavior was disappointing and gains in other areas such as behavior, attitudes and learning were modest (Tilley 376). CHANCE was another significant mentoring program established in 1996 to work with primary school children with behavioral problems. The evaluation was extremely small scale with very limited number of children. Another significant study evaluated 10 mentoring programs focusing on highly disadvantaged young people (Newburn and Shinger 2005). The study found crucial and significant impacts of mentoring in the lives of disaffected young people in context of engagement with education, training and employment (Tilley 376). Conclusion: Youth crime is a sensitive topic. Although available data on youth offenses indicate a decline in crimes committed by the young people in age group 12-30 over the last decade and a half, some experts are of the opinion that the data needs to be examined carefully. Media and politics too have debated enthusiastically on the juvenile crime losing the focus on the topic. While politicians and people by and large displayed a knee-jerk reaction to youth offending by favoring harsher punitive measures, a number of studies have gone on to point that there is little understanding and appreciation of juvenile offending among the masses. The studies have pointed that a majority of the juvenile offences are in the nature of minor offences or even childhood pranks. However, the researches on the topic have identified a number of risk factor associated with youth offences that almost makes it predictable. Therefore, it is now almost unanimously contended that approaches that deal with early intervention in offence prevention can be quite successful, while the traditional approaches of punitive, penal and retributive justice not only entail a huge cost to the exchequer but hardly account for reduction in offences. The government and the voluntary agencies run a number of programs aimed at identifying the risk group among the population and intervening in a timely manner. Earlier, quite a few case studies came to light that further reinforces the faith in early intervention approaches. The programs have shown a mixed result largely due to the apathy of the target groups. Some of the programs based on community and neighborhood approaches have shown better results. Colquhoun, Ian. (2004) Design Out Crime: Creating Safe and Sustainable Communities,Elsevier CSAS Youth, Crime and Community Safety Overview, Available at: http://www.csas.org.uk CSV Funds needed to save Cambridge youth crime project. 14 June 2004. Available at: http://www.csv.org.uk/News/Press+Releases/Press+Releases+Cambridge+Mentors.htm DfES (2003) Every Child Matters: Change for Children. London: Department of Education and Science Finch, S. et al (2006) The National Evaluation of On Track, Phase Two: Interim Findings from the first wave of the longitudinal cohort study, London: Department for Education and Science Flood-Page, Claire., Campbell, Siobhan., Harrington, Victoria., and Miller, Joel. 2000 Youth Crime: Findings from the 1998/1999 Youth Lifestyles Survey, Home Office Research Study 209 Jenson, Jeffrey M; Howard, Matthew O. (1998) Youth crime, public policy, and practice in the juvenile justice system: recent trends and needed reforms, Social Work, Vol. 43. Joseph Rawntree Foundation.1996 understanding and preventing youth crime, Available at:http://www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/SP93.asp Melhuish, E., Belsky, J., and Leyland, A. et al (2005) Early Impacts of SSLPs on Children and Families, London: DfES Morgan Harris Burrows (2003) Evaluation of the Youth Inclusion Programme: end of phase one report, London: Youth Justice Board Nacro Youth Crime (2001) “Some facts about young people who offend” Nacro, London Omaji, Paul Omojo (2003) Responding to Youth Crime: Towards radical criminal justice partnerships, Hawkins Press “The Real Root Causes of Violent Crime: The Breakdown of Marriage, Family, and Community” Fagan, Patrick F. March 17, 1995 Available at http://www.heritage.org/Research/Crime/BG1026.cfm Tilley, Nick (2005) Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety, Willan Publishing Youth Crime Available at: http://www.crimeinfo.org.uk Youth Crime Prevention in England and Wales, Available at: http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/files/POLICE0001/Articles Youth Justice Board (2005) Monitoring and Evaluating the Safer School Partnership Programme, London: YJB. UN-HABITAT, United Nations Human Settlements Program (2007). Enhancing Urban Safety and Security: Global Report on Human Settlements, Earthscan

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Request a free quote now! Roof Repair Services New Roof Installation At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand the paramount importance of a sound roof for the integrity and safety of your home in El Monte. With years of experience and a team of skilled professionals, we offer unparalleled expertise in roof repair services. From minor leaks to major structural issues, we handle it all with precision and care. By choosing us, you’re guaranteed top-notch craftsmanship, prompt service, and competitive pricing. Call now! “Estate Solutions LLC maintained open and transparent communication every step of the way. They kept me informed about the progress of the project, any unforeseen issues, and the timeline for completion. Their honesty and transparency fostered trust, and I never felt left in the dark. Overall, my experience with Estate Solutions LLC was incredibly positive,… ” I was thoroughly impressed by the quality of workmanship delivered by Estate Solutions LLC. They used premium materials and applied precise techniques, resulting in a durable and aesthetically pleasing roof. Even after completion, they conducted thorough inspections to guarantee everything was in perfect order, providing me with peace of mind.” “Estate Solutions LLC demonstrated exceptional professionalism throughout the entire process. From the initial consultation to the completion of the repair and installation, their team was punctual, courteous, and highly knowledgeable. They patiently answered all my questions and concerns, ensuring I felt confident in their abilities.” At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand that a roof isn’t just a covering; it’s your shield against the elements, your protector of peace, and the pinnacle of your property’s structural integrity. However, even the sturdiest roofs can succumb to wear and tear over time. That’s where our expert roof repair services come into play. With a network of top-tier local vendors in El Monte and a commitment to excellence, we’re here to unveil the most common roof repair services to ensure your abode remains a fortress of safety and comfort. 1. Leak Detection and Repair: The elusive drip-drip-drip of a leaking roof can be one of the most frustrating and damaging issues homeowners face. Our seasoned professionals are adept at pinpointing the source of leaks, whether they stem from damaged shingles, deteriorated flashing, or compromised seals around vents and chimneys. With meticulous attention to detail and state-of-the-art equipment, we swiftly mend leaks to safeguard your home from water damage. 2. Shingle Replacement in El Monte: Over time, exposure to harsh weather conditions can cause shingles to crack, curl, or go missing altogether. Not only does this compromise the aesthetic appeal of your roof, but it also leaves your home vulnerable to moisture intrusion and structural instability. Our team specializes in seamless shingle replacement, using high-quality materials and precision techniques to restore your roof’s strength and beauty. 3. Flashing Repair and Replacement in El Monte: Flashing serves as a crucial barrier against water penetration in vulnerable areas such as roof valleys, eaves, and joints. When flashing becomes damaged or corroded, it opens the door to leaks and water damage. Our experts are adept at assessing the condition of flashing and providing prompt repair or replacement to fortify your roof against moisture infiltration. 4. Gutter Maintenance and Repair: Clogged or damaged gutters can wreak havoc on your roof by impeding proper drainage and causing water to pool or overflow. This can lead to moisture infiltration, mold growth, and even structural damage. Our comprehensive gutter maintenance and repair services ensure that your gutters remain clear, functional, and capable of channeling rainwater away from your home’s foundation. 5. Ventilation System Inspection and Repair: Proper attic ventilation is essential for regulating temperature and humidity levels, preventing moisture buildup, and extending the lifespan of your roof. Our skilled technicians conduct thorough inspections to identify ventilation issues and provide tailored solutions to optimize airflow and enhance energy efficiency. 6. Skylight Repair and Replacement: Skylights are a beautiful addition to any home, offering natural light and panoramic views. However, they can also pose a risk of leaks and water damage if not properly installed or maintained. Our specialists possess the expertise to repair leaks, replace damaged skylights, and ensure a watertight seal for years to come. 7. Emergency Roof Repairs in El Monte: Mother Nature doesn’t adhere to a schedule, and neither do roofing emergencies. Whether it’s a fallen tree limb, severe storm damage, or sudden leaks, our rapid response team is available 24/7 to address urgent repair needs and minimize further harm to your home. 8. Preventive Maintenance Programs: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, especially when it comes to your roof. Our preventive maintenance programs are designed to proactively identify potential issues, address minor repairs, and prolong the lifespan of your roof, saving you time, money, and headaches down the road. When it comes to safeguarding the integrity and longevity of your roof, Estate Solutions LLC is your trusted partner every step of the way. From leak detection and shingle replacement to gutter maintenance and emergency repairs, our comprehensive range of services ensures that your roof remains a steadfast guardian of your home for years to come. Don’t wait until minor issues escalate into major headaches – contact us today to schedule a consultation. When faced with the need for roof repairs in El Monte, homeowners often find themselves at a crossroads: Should they tackle the task themselves or enlist the expertise of professional roof repair services? At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand the dilemma and aim to shed light on the advantages of choosing seasoned professionals over embarking on a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach. Expertise and Experience Professional Roof Repair: Our network of local vendors in El Monte consists of skilled professionals with years of experience in the roofing industry. They possess in-depth knowledge of various roofing materials, techniques, and building codes, allowing them to accurately assess the condition of your roof and recommend the most effective repair solutions. Their expertise ensures that repairs are completed efficiently, effectively, and to the highest standards of quality and safety. While the allure of saving money by tackling roof repairs yourself may be tempting, it’s essential to recognize the risks involved. Without the requisite knowledge and experience, DIY enthusiasts may inadvertently exacerbate existing issues or overlook underlying problems, leading to costly mistakes and subpar results. Moreover, working at heights can be dangerous, increasing the likelihood of accidents and injuries. Access to Specialized Equipment and Materials Professional Roof Repair: Our vendors in El Monte are equipped with state-of-the-art tools, equipment, and materials specifically designed for roof repair tasks. From safety harnesses and ladders to specialized roofing nails and sealants, they have everything needed to perform repairs safely, efficiently, and with precision. Additionally, their access to high-quality materials ensures that repairs are durable, long-lasting, and tailored to the unique requirements of your roof. While DIY enthusiasts may have access to basic tools such as hammers, nails, and caulking guns, they may lack access to specialized equipment and materials required for more complex repair tasks. Attempting to improvise or make do with inadequate tools and materials can compromise the quality and longevity of repairs, leading to recurring issues and the need for professional intervention down the line. Time and Convenience Professional Roof Repair: By entrusting your roof repairs to seasoned professionals in El Monte, you can save valuable time and minimize disruption to your daily routine. Our vendors work efficiently to complete repairs in a timely manner, allowing you to focus on other priorities without the hassle and stress of DIY endeavors. Moreover, their expertise and experience enable them to anticipate potential challenges and address them proactively, minimizing delays and ensuring smooth progress throughout the repair process. Embarking on DIY roof repairs can be a time-consuming endeavor, requiring extensive research, planning, and execution. From gathering materials and tools to performing the actual repairs, the process can stretch over days or even weeks, depending on the complexity of the task and the availability of spare time. Additionally, unforeseen complications or mistakes may arise, further prolonging the duration of the project and increasing frustration and stress. Quality and Longevity Professional Roof Repair: When you choose professional roof repair services in El Monte, you’re investing in the long-term health and durability of your roof. Our vendors adhere to stringent quality standards and utilize proven techniques to ensure that repairs are completed to the highest degree of craftsmanship. Whether it’s patching a leak, replacing damaged shingles, or reinforcing flashing, their attention to detail and commitment to excellence result in repairs that stand the test of time. While DIY enthusiasts may possess the best intentions and a willingness to learn, they often lack the training, expertise, and attention to detail required to execute repairs with precision and durability. As a result, DIY roof repairs may provide only temporary relief, with issues resurfacing sooner rather than later. Moreover, improper repairs can compromise the structural integrity of your roof, leading to more extensive damage and costly repairs down the line. When it comes to roof repairs, the choice between hiring professionals and pursuing a DIY approach is clear: entrust your roof to the expertise and experience of seasoned professionals to ensure optimal results, safety, and peace of mind. At Estate Solutions LLC, we take pride in offering comprehensive roof repair services in El Monte through our network of trusted local vendors, allowing you to safeguard your home with confidence. Don’t let the allure of DIY savings cloud your judgment – contact us today to schedule a consultation and experience the difference that professional roof repair can make. With numerous roof repair providers vying for your attention in El Monte, how do you discern the best among them? At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand the importance of making an informed decision, which is why we’ve compiled this guide to help you evaluate and select the best roof repair provider for your needs. 1. Reputation and Reliability: A reputable roof repair provider in El Monte should have a proven track record of delivering high-quality service and customer satisfaction. Research online reviews, testimonials, and referrals from friends, family, and neighbors to gauge the provider’s reputation and reliability. Additionally, inquire about their longevity in the industry and whether they hold any certifications or accreditations that attest to their expertise and professionalism. 2. Expertise and Experience: Roof repair is a specialized field that requires skill, knowledge, and experience to execute effectively. When evaluating roof repair providers in El Monte, inquire about their experience in the industry, as well as their expertise with different types of roofing materials and repair techniques. A provider with a seasoned team of professionals who undergo regular training and stay updated on industry best practices is more likely to deliver superior results. 3. Licensing and Insurance: Ensure that the roof repair provider holds all necessary licenses and permits required by local authorities to operate legally in El Monte. Additionally, verify that they carry adequate liability insurance and workers’ compensation coverage to protect you from liability in the event of accidents or damage occurring during the repair process. Request to see certificates of insurance and verify their validity with the respective insurance providers. 4. Transparent Pricing and Estimates: A reputable roof repair provider should provide clear and transparent pricing information, including detailed estimates for the proposed repair work. Beware of providers who offer significantly lower prices than their competitors, as this could be indicative of subpar materials or workmanship. Additionally, inquire about any hidden fees or additional charges that may apply to the project and ensure that all terms and conditions are clearly outlined in the contract. 5. Warranty and Guarantees: A reliable roof repair provider in El Monte should stand behind their workmanship and offer comprehensive warranties and guarantees on both labor and materials. Inquire about the duration and scope of the warranty coverage, as well as any conditions or exclusions that may apply. A provider who is confident in the quality of their work will have no hesitation in offering a robust warranty that provides you with peace of mind and assurance. 6. Communication and Customer Service: Effective communication and exceptional customer service are hallmarks of a reputable roof repair provider in El Monte. Pay attention to how responsive and attentive the provider is to your inquiries and concerns, as well as their willingness to address any issues or questions you may have. A provider who prioritizes clear and open communication throughout the repair process is more likely to deliver a positive experience and satisfactory results. 7. Local Presence and Community Involvement: Choosing a roof repair provider with a strong local presence and involvement in the community can offer added benefits in terms of accessibility, accountability, and support. Look for providers who are actively engaged in local organizations, events, or charitable initiatives, as this demonstrates their commitment to serving the community and building trust with their customers. 8. References and Portfolio: Ask the roof repair provider for references from past clients and request to see examples of their previous work. A reputable provider in El Monte should be willing to provide references and showcase their portfolio of completed projects to demonstrate their expertise and capabilities. Additionally, consider visiting completed job sites or viewing photos of completed projects to assess the quality of their workmanship firsthand. Whether you’re dealing with a leaky roof, damaged shingles, or general wear and tear, we’ve got you covered with expert answers to help you make informed decisions and safeguard your home’s integrity in El Monte. 1. What are the common signs that my roof needs repair? Common signs that your roof may need repair include: – Missing, cracked, or curling shingles – Water stains on interior ceilings or walls – Sagging or drooping areas on the roof – Visible signs of damage such as granule loss, rust, or corrosion – Increased energy bills due to poor insulation or ventilation If you notice any of these signs, it’s essential to promptly address them to prevent further damage and costly repairs. 2. How often should I have my roof inspected? We recommend having your roof inspected at least once a year, ideally before the start of the winter and summer seasons when weather conditions are most severe. Additionally, it’s advisable to schedule an inspection after severe weather events such as storms or heavy rainfall to assess any potential damage. 3. Can I repair my roof myself, or should I hire a professional? While minor repairs such as replacing a few missing shingles or sealing small leaks may be feasible for DIY enthusiasts, more extensive repairs and maintenance tasks are best left to the professionals. Roof repair can be dangerous and complex, requiring specialized knowledge, skills, and equipment to ensure optimal results and safety. Hiring a professional roof repair service in El Monte ensures that repairs are performed correctly, efficiently, and to the highest standards of quality and safety. 4. How long does a roof repair typically take? The duration of a roof repair project in El Monte depends on various factors, including the extent of the damage, the size and complexity of the roof, and the weather conditions. Minor repairs such as patching a leak or replacing a few shingles may be completed in a matter of hours, while more extensive repairs or replacements may take several days to complete. Your chosen roof repair provider can provide a more accurate timeline based on your specific needs and circumstances. 5. What are the most common types of roof repairs? Some of the most common types of roof repairs include: – Patching leaks and repairing damaged flashing – Replacing missing or damaged shingles – Repairing or replacing damaged gutters and downspouts – Fixing ventilation issues and addressing attic condensation – Reinforcing or replacing deteriorated underlayment and decking The type of repair required will depend on the specific issues affecting your roof and the recommendations of your chosen roof repair provider. 6. How much does roof repair cost in El Monte? The cost of roof repair varies depending on factors such as the extent of the damage, the type of materials used, and the complexity of the repair work. Minor repairs such as patching a leak or replacing a few shingles may cost a few hundred dollars, while more extensive repairs or replacements can range from several hundred to several thousand dollars. Your chosen roof repair provider in El Monte can provide a detailed estimate based on a thorough inspection of your roof and a discussion of your repair needs and budget. 7. Will my homeowner’s insurance cover the cost of roof repair? Whether your homeowner’s insurance will cover the cost of roof repair depends on the specific terms and coverage limits of your policy, as well as the cause of the damage. Damage caused by covered perils such as storms, fire, or vandalism may be eligible for reimbursement under your homeowner’s insurance policy, subject to deductibles and exclusions. We recommend reviewing your policy documents and consulting with your insurance provider to determine the extent of your coverage and any steps required to file a claim for roof repair. 8. How can I prolong the lifespan of my roof and minimize the need for repairs? To prolong the lifespan of your roof and minimize the need for repairs, we recommend: – Regularly inspecting your roof for signs of damage or deterioration – Keeping gutters and downspouts clean and free of debris – Ensuring proper attic ventilation and insulation to prevent moisture buildup – Trimming overhanging tree branches and removing debris from the roof – Promptly addressing any issues or damage to prevent minor problems from escalating into major repairs By following these proactive maintenance tips and addressing any issues promptly, you can extend the lifespan of your roof and minimize the need for costly repairs in the long run. At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand that when it comes to roof repair in El Monte, you have a multitude of options. So, what sets our services apart from the rest? Allow us to shed light on the unique qualities and distinguishing factors that make Estate Solutions LLC the premier choice for all your roof repair needs. 1. Unparalleled Expertise and Experience At Estate Solutions LLC, we pride ourselves on partnering with the most skilled and experienced roofing professionals in the industry. Our network of local vendors consists of seasoned experts with years of hands-on experience in diagnosing and repairing a wide range of roofing issues. Whether it’s patching a leak, replacing damaged shingles, or addressing ventilation issues, our team possesses the expertise and know-how to deliver superior results every time. 2. Commitment to Quality Craftsmanship Quality craftsmanship is the cornerstone of our roof repair services in El Monte. We believe that attention to detail and a dedication to excellence are non-negotiable when it comes to safeguarding your home’s integrity. That’s why we go above and beyond to ensure that every repair is completed with precision, using the highest quality materials and techniques. When you choose Estate Solutions LLC, you can trust that your roof will receive the care and attention it deserves. 3. Transparent Communication and Customer Service Clear communication and exceptional customer service are at the heart of everything we do. From the initial consultation to the completion of the project, we strive to keep you informed and involved every step of the way. Our team in El Monte is always available to address your questions, concerns, and feedback, ensuring that your experience with Estate Solutions LLC is nothing short of exceptional. We believe that transparency and open communication are essential for building trust and fostering long-lasting relationships with our clients. 4. Tailored Solutions to Suit Your Needs in El Monte At Estate Solutions LLC, we understand that every roof is unique, and so are the repair needs that accompany it. That’s why we take a personalized approach to every project, taking the time to assess your roof’s condition, discuss your concerns and goals, and develop a customized repair plan that meets your specific needs and budget. Whether you require minor repairs, extensive renovations, or preventive maintenance services, we have the expertise and resources to deliver tailored solutions that exceed your expectations. 5. Commitment to Safety and Compliance Safety is our top priority at Estate Solutions LLC. We adhere to the highest standards of safety and compliance, ensuring that all repair work is conducted in accordance with industry best practices and local building codes. Our team undergoes regular training and certification to stay up-to-date on the latest safety protocols and techniques, minimizing the risk of accidents or injuries on the job site. When you choose Estate Solutions LLC, you can have peace of mind knowing that your roof repair project is in safe and capable hands. 6. Comprehensive Warranty Coverage We stand behind the quality of our workmanship and materials. That’s why we offer comprehensive warranty coverage on all roof repair services performed by our network of vendors. Our warranties provide you with added protection and assurance, giving you peace of mind knowing that your investment is safeguarded against unexpected issues or defects. With Estate Solutions LLC, you can trust that your roof repair project is backed by our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. With our experienced team, personalized approach, and dedication to safety and compliance, we’re confident that we can exceed your expectations and deliver results that stand the test of time. Contact us today to experience the Estate Solutions LLC difference for yourself. Tell us about your goals, requirements, and expected outcome so that we can match you with the best vendor for your budget. All of your roof repair and/or installation questions can be answered by our experts. Give us some basic information, and we’ll link you with a local contractor who will exceed your expectations. Estate Solutions can help you buy, sell, refinance, acquire a purchase loan or make home improvements. Contact us for expert advice. Dealing with real estate can be a real hassle. Put us to work for you.

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[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/phpbb/session.php on line 571: sizeof(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/phpbb/session.php on line 627: sizeof(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable FASA Games, Inc. - Frequently Asked Questions You may not have to, it is up to the administrator of the board as to whether you need to register in order to post messages. However; registration will give you access to additional features not available to guest users such as definable avatar images, private messaging, emailing of fellow users, usergroup subscription, etc. It only takes a few moments to register so it is recommended you do so. 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If they are, contact a board administrator to make sure you haven’t been banned. It is also possible the website owner has a configuration error on their end, and they would need to fix it. I registered in the past but cannot login any more?! It is possible an administrator has deactivated or deleted your account for some reason. Also, many boards periodically remove users who have not posted for a long time to reduce the size of the database. If this has happened, try registering again and being more involved in discussions. Don’t panic! While your password cannot be retrieved, it can easily be reset. Visit the login page and click I forgot my password. Follow the instructions and you should be able to log in again shortly. However, if you are not able to reset your password, contact a board administrator. If you do not check the Remember me box when you login, the board will only keep you logged in for a preset time. This prevents misuse of your account by anyone else. To stay logged in, check the Remember me box during login. This is not recommended if you access the board from a shared computer, e.g. library, internet cafe, university computer lab, etc. If you do not see this checkbox, it means a board administrator has disabled this feature. “Delete all board cookies” deletes the cookies created by phpBB which keep you authenticated and logged into the board. Cookies also provide functions such as read tracking if they have been enabled by a board administrator. If you are having login or logout problems, deleting board cookies may help. If you are a registered user, all your settings are stored in the board database. To alter them, visit your User Control Panel; a link can usually be found by clicking on your username at the top of board pages. This system will allow you to change all your settings and preferences. How do I prevent my username appearing in the online user listings? Within your User Control Panel, under “Board preferences”, you will find the option Hide your online status. Enable this option and you will only appear to the administrators, moderators and yourself. You will be counted as a hidden user. It is possible the time displayed is from a timezone different from the one you are in. If this is the case, visit your User Control Panel and change your timezone to match your particular area, e.g. London, Paris, New York, Sydney, etc. Please note that changing the timezone, like most settings, can only be done by registered users. If you are not registered, this is a good time to do so. Either the administrator has not installed your language or nobody has translated this board into your language. Try asking a board administrator if they can install the language pack you need. If the language pack does not exist, feel free to create a new translation. More information can be found at the phpBB® website. There are two images which may appear along with a username when viewing posts. One of them may be an image associated with your rank, generally in the form of stars, blocks or dots, indicating how many posts you have made or your status on the board. Another, usually larger, image is known as an avatar and is generally unique or personal to each user. Within your User Control Panel, under “Profile” you can add an avatar by using one of the four following methods: Gravatar, Gallery, Remote or Upload. It is up to the board administrator to enable avatars and to choose the way in which avatars can be made available. If you are unable to use avatars, contact a board administrator. Ranks, which appear below your username, indicate the number of posts you have made or identify certain users, e.g. moderators and administrators. In general, you cannot directly change the wording of any board ranks as they are set by the board administrator. Please do not abuse the board by posting unnecessarily just to increase your rank. Most boards will not tolerate this and the moderator or administrator will simply lower your post count. When I click the email link for a user it asks me to login? Only registered users can send email to other users via the built-in email form, and only if the administrator has enabled this feature. This is to prevent malicious use of the email system by anonymous users. To post a new topic in a forum, click "New Topic". To post a reply to a topic, click "Post Reply". You may need to register before you can post a message. A list of your permissions in each forum is available at the bottom of the forum and topic screens. Example: You can post new topics, You can post attachments, etc. Unless you are a board administrator or moderator, you can only edit or delete your own posts. You can edit a post by clicking the edit button for the relevant post, sometimes for only a limited time after the post was made. If someone has already replied to the post, you will find a small piece of text output below the post when you return to the topic which lists the number of times you edited it along with the date and time. This will only appear if someone has made a reply; it will not appear if a moderator or administrator edited the post, though they may leave a note as to why they’ve edited the post at their own discretion. Please note that normal users cannot delete a post once someone has replied. To add a signature to a post you must first create one via your User Control Panel. Once created, you can check the Attach a signature box on the posting form to add your signature. You can also add a signature by default to all your posts by checking the appropriate radio button in the User Control Panel. If you do so, you can still prevent a signature being added to individual posts by un-checking the add signature box within the posting form. When posting a new topic or editing the first post of a topic, click the “Poll creation” tab below the main posting form; if you cannot see this, you do not have appropriate permissions to create polls. Enter a title and at least two options in the appropriate fields, making sure each option is on a separate line in the textarea. You can also set the number of options users may select during voting under “Options per user”, a time limit in days for the poll (0 for infinite duration) and lastly the option to allow users to amend their votes. As with posts, polls can only be edited by the original poster, a moderator or an administrator. To edit a poll, click to edit the first post in the topic; this always has the poll associated with it. If no one has cast a vote, users can delete the poll or edit any poll option. However, if members have already placed votes, only moderators or administrators can edit or delete it. This prevents the poll’s options from being changed mid-way through a poll. Attachment permissions are granted on a per forum, per group, or per user basis. The board administrator may not have allowed attachments to be added for the specific forum you are posting in, or perhaps only certain groups can post attachments. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you are unable to add attachments. Each board administrator has their own set of rules for their site. If you have broken a rule, you may be issued a warning. Please note that this is the board administrator’s decision, and the phpBB Limited has nothing to do with the warnings on the given site. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you were issued a warning. The board administrator may have decided that posts in the forum you are posting to require review before submission. It is also possible that the administrator has placed you in a group of users whose posts require review before submission. Please contact the board administrator for further details. By clicking the “Bump topic” link when you are viewing it, you can “bump” the topic to the top of the forum on the first page. However, if you do not see this, then topic bumping may be disabled or the time allowance between bumps has not yet been reached. It is also possible to bump the topic simply by replying to it, however, be sure to follow the board rules when doing so. BBCode is a special implementation of HTML, offering great formatting control on particular objects in a post. The use of BBCode is granted by the administrator, but it can also be disabled on a per post basis from the posting form. BBCode itself is similar in style to HTML, but tags are enclosed in square brackets [ and ] rather than < and >. For more information on BBCode see the guide which can be accessed from the posting page. Smilies, or Emoticons, are small images which can be used to express a feeling using a short code, e.g. :) denotes happy, while :( denotes sad. The full list of emoticons can be seen in the posting form. Try not to overuse smilies, however, as they can quickly render a post unreadable and a moderator may edit them out or remove the post altogether. The board administrator may also have set a limit to the number of smilies you may use within a post. Yes, images can be shown in your posts. If the administrator has allowed attachments, you may be able to upload the image to the board. Otherwise, you must link to an image stored on a publicly accessible web server, e.g. http://www.example.com/my-picture.gif. You cannot link to pictures stored on your own PC (unless it is a publicly accessible server) nor images stored behind authentication mechanisms, e.g. hotmail or yahoo mailboxes, password protected sites, etc. To display the image use the BBCode [img] tag. Global announcements contain important information and you should read them whenever possible. They will appear at the top of every forum and within your User Control Panel. Global announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator. Announcements often contain important information for the forum you are currently reading and you should read them whenever possible. Announcements appear at the top of every page in the forum to which they are posted. As with global announcements, announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator. Sticky topics within the forum appear below announcements and only on the first page. They are often quite important so you should read them whenever possible. As with announcements and global announcements, sticky topic permissions are granted by the board administrator. Locked topics are topics where users can no longer reply and any poll it contained was automatically ended. Topics may be locked for many reasons and were set this way by either the forum moderator or board administrator. You may also be able to lock your own topics depending on the permissions you are granted by the board administrator. Administrators are members assigned with the highest level of control over the entire board. These members can control all facets of board operation, including setting permissions, banning users, creating usergroups or moderators, etc., dependent upon the board founder and what permissions he or she has given the other administrators. They may also have full moderator capabilities in all forums, depending on the settings put forth by the board founder. Moderators are individuals (or groups of individuals) who look after the forums from day to day. They have the authority to edit or delete posts and lock, unlock, move, delete and split topics in the forum they moderate. Generally, moderators are present to prevent users from going off-topic or posting abusive or offensive material. Usergroups are groups of users that divide the community into manageable sections board administrators can work with. Each user can belong to several groups and each group can be assigned individual permissions. This provides an easy way for administrators to change permissions for many users at once, such as changing moderator permissions or granting users access to a private forum. You can view all usergroups via the “Usergroups” link within your User Control Panel. If you would like to join one, proceed by clicking the appropriate button. Not all groups have open access, however. Some may require approval to join, some may be closed and some may even have hidden memberships. If the group is open, you can join it by clicking the appropriate button. If a group requires approval to join you may request to join by clicking the appropriate button. The user group leader will need to approve your request and may ask why you want to join the group. Please do not harass a group leader if they reject your request; they will have their reasons. A usergroup leader is usually assigned when usergroups are initially created by a board administrator. If you are interested in creating a usergroup, your first point of contact should be an administrator; try sending a private message. If you are a member of more than one usergroup, your default is used to determine which group color and group rank should be shown for you by default. The board administrator may grant you permission to change your default usergroup via your User Control Panel. There are three reasons for this; you are not registered and/or not logged on, the board administrator has disabled private messaging for the entire board, or the board administrator has prevented you from sending messages. Contact a board administrator for more information. You can automatically delete private messages from a user by using message rules within your User Control Panel. If you are receiving abusive private messages from a particular user, report the messages to the moderators; they have the power to prevent a user from sending private messages. I have received a spamming or abusive email from someone on this board! We are sorry to hear that. The email form feature of this board includes safeguards to try and track users who send such posts, so email the board administrator with a full copy of the email you received. It is very important that this includes the headers that contain the details of the user that sent the email. The board administrator can then take action. You can use these lists to organize other members of the board. Members added to your friends list will be listed within your User Control Panel for quick access to see their online status and to send them private messages. Subject to template support, posts from these users may also be highlighted. If you add a user to your foes list, any posts they make will be hidden by default. How can I add / remove users to my Friends or Foes list? You can add users to your list in two ways. Within each user’s profile, there is a link to add them to either your Friend or Foe list. Alternatively, from your User Control Panel, you can directly add users by entering their member name. You may also remove users from your list using the same page. Enter a search term in the search box located on the index, forum or topic pages. Advanced search can be accessed by clicking the “Advance Search” link which is available on all pages on the forum. How to access the search may depend on the style used. Your own posts can be retrieved either by clicking the “Show your posts” link within the User Control Panel or by clicking the “Search user’s posts” link via your own profile page or by clicking the “Quick links” menu at the top of the board. To search for your topics, use the Advanced search page and fill in the various options appropriately. What is the difference between bookmarking and subscribing? In phpBB 3.0, bookmarking topics worked much like bookmarking in a web browser. You were not alerted when there was an update. As of phpBB 3.1, bookmarking is more like subscribing to a topic. You can be notified when a bookmarked topic is updated. Subscribing, however, will notify you when there is an update to a topic or forum on the board. Notification options for bookmarks and subscriptions can be configured in the User Control Panel, under “Board preferences”. How do I bookmark or subscribe to specific topics? You can bookmark or subscribe to a specific topic by clicking the appropriate link in the “Topic tools” menu, conveniently located near the top and bottom of a topic discussion. Replying to a topic with the “Notify me when a reply is posted” option checked will also subscribe you to the topic. This software (in its unmodified form) is produced, released and is copyright phpBB Limited. It is made available under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPL-2.0) and may be freely distributed. See About phpBB for more details. This software was written by and licensed through phpBB Limited. If you believe a feature needs to be added please visit the phpBB Ideas Center, where you can upvote existing ideas or suggest new features. Who do I contact about abusive and/or legal matters related to this board? Any of the administrators listed on the “The team” page should be an appropriate point of contact for your complaints. If this still gets no response then you should contact the owner of the domain (do a whois lookup) or, if this is running on a free service (e.g. Yahoo!, free.fr, f2s.com, etc.), the management or abuse department of that service. Please note that the phpBB Limited has absolutely no jurisdiction and cannot in any way be held liable over how, where or by whom this board is used. Do not contact the phpBB Limited in relation to any legal (cease and desist, liable, defamatory comment, etc.) matter not directly related to the phpBB.com website or the discrete software of phpBB itself. If you do email phpBB Limited about any third party use of this software then you should expect a terse response or no response at all.

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Last updated: May 13, 2021 Interpretation and Definitions The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural. You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company, or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or using the Service, as applicable. Company (referred to as either "the Company", "We", "Us" or "Our" in this Agreement) refers to happynewyearinsider.com. - Affiliate means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a party, where "control" means ownership of 50% or more of the shares, equity interest or other securities entitled to vote for election of directors or other managing authority. - Account means a unique account created for You to access our Service or parts of our Service. - Website refers to happynewyearinsider.com, accessible from https://happynewyearinsider.com - Service refers to the Website. - Country refers to: Pakistan Service Provider means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Company. It refers to third-party companies or individuals employed by the Company to facilitate the Service, to provide the Service on behalf of the Company, to perform services related to the Service or to assist the Company in analyzing how the Service is used. - Third-party Social Media Service refers to any website or any social network website through which a User can log in or create an account to use the Service. Personal Data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual. - Cookies are small files that are placed on Your computer, mobile device or any other device by a website, containing the details of Your browsing history on that website among its many uses. - Usage Data refers to data collected automatically, either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit). Collecting and Using Your Personal Data Types of Data Collected While using Our Service, We may ask You to provide Us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify You. Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to: - Email address - First name and last name - Usage Data Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service. Usage Data may include information such as Your Device's Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data. When You access the Service by or through a mobile device, We may collect certain information automatically, including, but not limited to, the type of mobile device You use, Your mobile device unique ID, the IP address of Your mobile device, Your mobile operating system, the type of mobile Internet browser You use, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data. We may also collect information that Your browser sends whenever You visit our Service or when You access the Service by or through a mobile device. Tracking Technologies and Cookies You can instruct Your browser to refuse all Cookies or to indicate when a Cookie is being sent. However, if You do not accept Cookies, You may not be able to use some parts of our Service. Cookies can be "Persistent" or "Session" Cookies. Persistent Cookies remain on your personal computer or mobile device when You go offline, while Session Cookies are deleted as soon as You close your web browser. We use both session and persistent Cookies for the purposes set out below: Necessary / Essential Cookies Type: Session Cookies Administered by: Us Purpose: These Cookies are essential to provide You with services available through the Website and to enable You to use some of its features. They help to authenticate users and prevent fraudulent use of user accounts. Without these Cookies, the services that You have asked for cannot be provided, and We only use these Cookies to provide You with those services. Cookies Policy / Notice Acceptance Cookies Type: Persistent Cookies Administered by: Us Type: Persistent Cookies Administered by: Us Purpose: These Cookies allow us to remember choices You make when You use the Website, such as remembering your login details or language preference. The purpose of these Cookies is to provide You with a more personal experience and to avoid You having to re-enter your preferences every time You use the Website. Tracking and Performance Cookies Type: Persistent Cookies Administered by: Third-Parties Purpose: These Cookies are used to track information about traffic to the Website and how users use the Website. The information gathered via these Cookies may directly or indirectly identify you as an individual visitor. This is because the information collected is typically linked to a pseudonymous identifier associated with the device you use to access the Website. We may also use these Cookies to test new advertisements, pages, features or new functionality of the Website to see how our users react to them. Targeting and Advertising Cookies Type: Persistent Cookies Administered by: Third-Parties Purpose: These Cookies track your browsing habits to enable Us to show advertising which is more likely to be of interest to You. These Cookies use information about your browsing history to group You with other users who have similar interests. Based on that information, and with Our permission, third party advertisers can place Cookies to enable them to show adverts which We think will be relevant to your interests while You are on third party websites. For more information about the cookies we use and your choices regarding cookies, please visit our Cookies Policy. Use of Your Personal Data The Company may use Personal Data for the following purposes: - To provide and maintain our Service, including to monitor the usage of our Service. - To manage Your Account: to manage Your registration as a user of the Service. The Personal Data You provide can give You access to different functionalities of the Service that are available to You as a registered user. - For the performance of a contract: the development, compliance and undertaking of the purchase contract for the products, items or services You have purchased or of any other contract with Us through the Service. - To contact You: To contact You by email, telephone calls, SMS, or other equivalent forms of electronic communication, such as a mobile application's push notifications regarding updates or informative communications related to the functionalities, products or contracted services, including the security updates, when necessary or reasonable for their implementation. - To provide You with news, special offers and general information about other goods, services and events which we offer that are similar to those that you have already purchased or enquired about unless You have opted not to receive such information. - To manage Your requests: To attend and manage Your requests to Us. We may share your personal information in the following situations: - With Service Providers: We may share Your personal information with Service Providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service, to show advertisements to You to help support and maintain Our Service, to contact You, to advertise on third party websites to You after You visited our Service or for payment processing. - For Business transfers: We may share or transfer Your personal information in connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of Company assets, financing, or acquisition of all or a portion of our business to another company. - With Business partners: We may share Your information with Our business partners to offer You certain products, services or promotions. - With other users: when You share personal information or otherwise interact in the public areas with other users, such information may be viewed by all users and may be publicly distributed outside. If You interact with other users or register through a Third-Party Social Media Service, Your contacts on the Third-Party Social Media Service may see You name, profile, pictures and description of Your activity. Similarly, other users will be able to view descriptions of Your activity, communicate with You and view Your profile. Retention of Your Personal Data The Company will also retain Usage Data for internal analysis purposes. Usage Data is generally retained for a shorter period of time, except when this data is used to strengthen the security or to improve the functionality of Our Service, or We are legally obligated to retain this data for longer time periods. Transfer of Your Personal Data Your information, including Personal Data, is processed at the Company's operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved in the processing are located. It means that this information may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of Your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from Your jurisdiction. Disclosure of Your Personal Data Under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to disclose Your Personal Data if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency). Other legal requirements The Company may disclose Your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to: - Comply with a legal obligation - Protect and defend the rights or property of the Company - Prevent or investigate possible wrongdoing in connection with the Service - Protect the personal safety of Users of the Service or the public - Protect against legal liability Security of Your Personal Data The security of Your Personal Data is important to Us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While We strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect Your Personal Data, We cannot guarantee its absolute security. Detailed Information on the Processing of Your Personal Data Service Providers have access to Your Personal Data only to perform their tasks on Our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose. We may use third-party Service providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service. We may use Service providers to show advertisements to You to help support and maintain Our Service. Bing Ads is an advertising service provided by Microsoft Inc. You can opt-out from Bing Ads by following the instructions on Bing Ads Opt-out page: https://advertise.bingads.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/policies/personalized-ads Unity Ads is provided by Unity Technologies. Bing Ads Remarketing Bing Ads remarketing service is provided by Microsoft Inc. You can opt-out of Bing Ads interest-based ads by following their instructions: https://advertise.bingads.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/policies/personalized-ads AdRoll remarketing service is provided by Semantic Sugar, Inc. You can opt-out of AdRoll remarketing by visiting this AdRoll Advertising Preferences web page: http://info.evidon.com/pub_info/573?v=1&nt=1&nw=false Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 13. If You are a parent or guardian and You are aware that Your child has provided Us with Personal Data, please contact Us. If We become aware that We have collected Personal Data from anyone under the age of 13 without verification of parental consent, We take steps to remove that information from Our servers. We also may limit how We collect, use, and store some of the information of Users between 13 and 18 years old. In some cases, this means We will be unable to provide certain functionality of the Service to these users. If We need to rely on consent as a legal basis for processing Your information and Your country requires consent from a parent, We may require Your parent's consent before We collect and use that information. Links to Other Websites We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services. - By email: [email protected] Monumetric Advertising Policy for Publishers and Readers A cookie is a file containing an identifier (a string of letters and numbers) that is sent by a web server to a web browser and is stored by the browser. The identifier is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server. Cookies may be either “persistent” cookies or “session” cookies: a persistent cookie will be stored by a web browser and will remain valid until its set expiry date, unless deleted by the user before the expiry date; a session cookie, on the other hand, will expire at the end of the user session, when the web browser is closed. Cookies do not typically contain any information that personally identifies a user, but personal information that we store about you may be linked to the information stored in and obtained from cookies. 1) Identify you as a returning user and to count your visits in traffic statistics analysis 2) Remember your custom display preferences (such as whether you prefer comments to display all-collapsed or not) 4) Provide other usability features, including tracking whether you’ve already given your consent to cookies Enabling cookies is not strictly necessary for the website to work but it will provide you with a better browsing experience. The cookie-related information is not used to identify you personally and is not used for any purpose other than those described here. Third Party Advertising This site has third-party advertising companies serving ads to you when you visit. These companies may store information about your visits here and to other websites in order to provide you with relevant advertisements about goods and services. For example, if they know what ads you are shown while visiting this site, they can be careful not to show you the same ones repeatedly. These companies may employ cookies and other identifiers to gather information which measures advertising effectiveness. The information is generally not personally identifiable unless, for example, you provide personally identifiable information to them through an ad or an email message. They do not associate your interaction with unaffiliated sites with your identity in providing you with interest-based ads. This site does not provide any personal information to advertisers or to third party sites. Advertisers and other third parties (including the ad networks, ad-serving companies, and other service providers they may use) may assume that users who interact with or click on a personalized ad or content are part of the group that the ad or content is directed towards (for example, readers in the Pacific Northwest who read certain types of articles). Also, some third-party cookies may provide them with information about you (such as the sites where you have been shown ads or demographic information) from offline and online sources that they may use to provide you more relevant and useful advertising. To learn more about what options you have about limiting the gathering of information by third-party ad networks, you can consult the website of the Network Advertising Initiative. You can opt out of participating in interest-based advertising networks but opting out does not mean you will no longer receive online advertising. It does mean that the companies from which you opted out will no longer customize ads based on your interests and web usage patterns using cookie-based technology. This site does not sell, rent, or disclose to outside parties the information collected here, except as follows: (a) Affiliated Service Providers: This site has agreements with various affiliated service providers to facilitate the functioning of the site. For example, the site may share your credit card information with the credit card service provider to process your purchase. All administrative service providers that this site uses are required to have the same level of privacy protection as this site does, and therefore your information will be handled with the same level of care. Additionally, for example, this site may use analytic or marketing services such as Google Analytics or Google Ad Manager or other Advertising Companies to which collection you hereby unconditionally consent. (b) Where required by law: This site may share the collected information where required by law, specifically in response to a demand from government authorities where such demand meets the legal requirements. (c) Statistical Analysis: This site may share Non-Personal Information and aggregated information with third parties, including but not limited to for advertising or marketing purposes. No Personal Information will be shared in this manner. (d) Transactions: In connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of company assets, financing or acquisition, or in any other situation where Personal Information may be disclosed or transferred as a business asset. How To Opt Out Of Interest-Based Advertising This website is a member of the Network Advertising Initiative(NAI) and adheres to the NAI Codes of Conduct as described on the NAI website. This website also adheres to the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) Self-Regulatory Principles. For a description of the DAA Program, please visit the DAA website. Opting Out of Interest-Based Advertising by Third Parties To find out more about interest-based advertising on the internet and how to opt out of information collection for this purpose by companies that participate in the Network Advertising Initiative or the Digital Advertising Alliance, visit NAI’s opt-out page or DAA’s Consumer Choice Page. For European Economic Area Residents If you reside in a country in the European Economic Area (EEA), then under the GDPR and applicable data protection laws you have the rights, among other things, to access your personal data, have us erase it, and/or restrict its further processing. If you wish to access or delete your personal data (if any) maintained by Monumetric related to advertising on the Site, you can contact us at [email protected]. If you wish to see a list of the advertising partners we work with or change which of those partners track your behavior using cookies, click the ad preferences link at the bottom of the site. (Available in the EU.) For California Residents The site from which you linked partners with technology services through its relationship with Monumetric. Below you can read detailed information about the privacy policies of these technology companies, and choose to LiveRamp: When you use the Site, we share information that we may collect from you, such as your email (in hashed form), IP address or information about your browser or operating system, with our partner/service provider, LiveRamp Inc and its group companies (‘LiveRamp’). LiveRamp may use our first party cookie on your browser to match your shared information to their marketing databases in order to provide back a pseudonymous privacy-centric identifier for our use in real time bidding in digital advertising. We may also share hashed and de-identified email addresses, IP addresses, and advertising identifiers with LiveRamp, which uses that information to create a link between your device and its databases. This link may be shared by our partners globally for the purpose of enabling interest-based content or advertising throughout your online experience (e.g. cross device, web, email and in app etc.) by third parties unaffiliated with our website. These third parties may in turn link further demographic or interest-based information to your browser. To opt out of this use, please head here: https://liveramp.com/opt_out/ ID5: We may choose to share information with our partner ID5 for the purposes of ad targeting. You may learn more about how ID5 operates and choose to opt-out of ID5 data collection here: https://id5.io/platform-privacy-policy/ Pubmatic: We may choose to share information with our partner Pubmatic for the purposes of ad targeting. SOVRN: We share hashed emails with our partner SOVRN for the purposes of targeted advertising. You may opt-out of SOVRN hashed email targeting here: The Trade Desk: We may choose to share your information with our partner The Trade Desk for the purposes of ad targeting. You may learn more about how The Trade Desk Operates and choose to opt out of The Trade Desk data collection here: https://adsrvr.org/

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Are you struggling to make the most out of your bathroom space? A well-planned layout not only maximizes functionality but also increases the aesthetic appeal. This article helps demystify ‘bathroom floor plan’ design, offering creative ideas that’ll transform your bath area into a spa-like retreat. Let’s dive in and start reimagining your bathroom! The Importance of a Well-Designed Bathroom Floor Plan A well-designed bathroom floor plan is key to a functional and aesthetically pleasing space. Bathrooms, often smaller than other rooms in the house, require effective space utilization to ensure all necessities fit without making the room feel cramped. Striking a balance between function and design is crucial! A good layout allows for easy movement while providing necessary amenities like showers, sinks, and toilets. Maximizing functionality doesn’t mean ignoring beauty though. Creative floor plans can transform your bathroom into an eye-catching element of your home’s interior design. With smart planning and careful use of available space, you can create a bathroom that caters to your practical needs while also offering visual appeal. The importance of a meticulously planned bathroom cannot be overstated – it adds value not only to everyday living but also increases property worth in the market! Common Bathroom Floor Plans In this section, we will explore common bathroom floor plans such as the narrow 50-square-foot bathroom plan, small 48-square-foot full bathroom, spacious 60-square-foot full bathroom, functional 80-square-foot bathroom with tub and shower, compact 17-square-foot half bath, and the basic three-quarter bathroom layout. Narrow 50-square-foot bathroom plan Despite its compact dimensions, a narrow 50-square-foot bathroom plan holds plenty of potentials. This layout typically features a five by ten feet space with a shower at the far end. Its slim footprint, surprisingly, is not a drawback but is favored in many homes due to clever design solutions that utilize every inch wisely. In such bathrooms, you’ll often find innovative storage options and strategically placed fixtures that enhance functionality without cramping the area. Modern designs even incorporate chic elements like floating vanities or glass shower enclosures that lend an illusion of more space. So if your house has this type of compact bathroom layout to contend with, fear not – there are numerous ways to create an efficient and stylish haven within these confines! Small 48-square-foot full bathroom Every nook and corner of a small 48-square-foot full bathroom holds significant potential. Space-saving bathroom ideas focus on clever ways to fit a toilet, tub, and sink into this limited area without compromising comfort or style. Vertical storage solutions are your best friend in such scenarios, allowing you to utilize every inch effectively. Mirrors create an illusion of extensive space, while wall-mounted fixtures free up floor space. Make use of light hues for tiles and paint to give the room an airy feel and add depth where there’s none really available. Compact bathroom design strategies like these transform tiny bathrooms into functional spaces that never make their size apparent. These budget-friendly remodeling tricks can work wonders for brightening compact areas while creating a feeling of ample space no matter how constrained it may be. 60-square-foot full bathroom A 60-square-foot full bathroom is an efficient and practical space for optimizing functionality. With this compact bathroom design, the sink and toilet are strategically placed on opposite ends facing each other, maximizing convenience and accessibility. This floor plan allows for creative bathroom makeovers within limited square footage, making it a great option for small spaces or nontraditional layouts. Whether you choose to include a wall-mount design or incorporate innovative storage solutions, a 60-square-foot full bathroom can greatly improve the functionality of your space without sacrificing style or efficiency. 80-square-foot bathroom with tub and shower The 80-square-foot bathroom with a tub and shower is a popular choice for homeowners looking to maximize space and functionality. It is part of the creative bathroom floor plan ideas to optimize small bathroom spaces. This layout offers the convenience of having both a tub and shower in one compact area, making it perfect for individuals or families with limited square footage in their bathrooms. With careful planning, this size can still accommodate essential fixtures like a vanity, toilet, and storage options without feeling cramped. The 80-square-foot bathroom with a tub and shower provides homeowners with an efficient and practical layout that meets their needs while maximizing every inch of available space. Tiny 17-square-foot half bath Designing a functional and stylish bathroom layout for your tiny 17-square-foot half bath can be a challenge, but with some creative planning, you can maximize the limited space. Consider installing a corner sink to save space and open up the room. Opt for a wall-mounted toilet to create more floor space and make the area feel larger. Utilize vertical storage options such as floating shelves or cabinets above the toilet to keep essentials organized without taking up precious room. Incorporate light colors and mirrors into the design to enhance natural light and create an illusion of more space. By carefully considering every element in your small bathroom, you can transform it into a functional and visually appealing oasis. Efficiently utilizing every inch of your compact bathroom layout is essential when designing your tiny 17-square-foot half bath. With strategic storage solutions like recessed shelving or built-in niches, you can maximize functionality while maintaining a sleek aesthetic. Consider installing a pocket door instead of a swinging one to free up even more space in this small area. Adding adequate lighting, such as overhead fixtures or wall sconces, will help brighten up the room and make it appear larger than it actually is. Basic three-quarter bathroom A basic three-quarter bathroom floor plan includes three of the four essential bathroom components, making it a functional and practical option for smaller spaces. Despite its simplicity, there are still plenty of ways to enhance the design and maximize functionality. With creative layout ideas and clever storage solutions, you can transform your basic three-quarter bathroom into a stylish oasis that meets all your needs. Whether you’re looking to add extra counter space or incorporate a luxurious shower, explore the countless possibilities to make the most out of your limited square footage. Maximizing Space: Creative Floor Plan Ideas Maximize the functionality and space in your bathroom with creative floor plan ideas that will transform the way you use and enjoy this essential space in your home. Features for functionality (such as bump-out alcove for tub) A bump-out alcove for the tub is a space-saving feature that maximizes functionality in bathroom floor plans. This design element creates an organized and efficient bathroom layout by providing a designated area for the tub, making it a focal point of the room. The customizable alcove can be designed in various sizes and shapes to fit the specific needs and preferences of the homeowner. It can also be combined with other functional features like built-in storage or seating nooks, offering even more versatility and convenience in your bathroom design. Awkward room shape solutions Dealing with an awkward room shape in your bathroom can be challenging, but there are expert solutions available to help you make the most of your space. One approach is to utilize interesting colors and finishes to draw attention away from the odd layout. By choosing wall-hung designs, you can save valuable floor space and create a more streamlined look. Additionally, maximizing bathroom storage in awkwardly shaped layouts can completely transform the functionality of the room. With practical tips and techniques, it’s possible to optimize even the most challenging room layouts and make every inch count. Private toilet placement In a well-designed bathroom floor plan, it is crucial to consider the placement of the toilet for functionality and privacy. A separate area or enclosure for the toilet provides a sense of privacy while allowing other parts of the bathroom to be used by someone else simultaneously. This private space ensures that individuals can use the toilet without interrupting others who may be in different areas of the bathroom. Additionally, placing the toilet strategically can contribute to maximizing available space and optimizing the overall layout of the bathroom. By considering factors such as door swing elimination and utilizing wall-mounted toilets, you can create a more open and spacious feel in your bathroom design. Remember, private toilet placement is not only essential for practicality but also contributes to creating a comfortable and functional space. Storage room addition Maximizing storage space in your bathroom is essential for keeping it organized and clutter-free. One creative floor plan idea is to add a storage room to your bathroom design. This additional room can be built adjacent to the main bathroom area and can serve as a dedicated space for storing towels, linens, toiletries, cleaning supplies, and other items. By incorporating a storage room into your floor plan, you can optimize the use of vertical space while keeping everything within easy reach. Built-in shelving and cabinets can be installed to maximize storage capacity and keep items neatly organized. With a storage room addition, you can enjoy an efficient use of space while ensuring that all your bathroom essentials are conveniently stored away. Open floor space design Open floor space designs are popular for their ability to maximize square footage and create a sense of spaciousness in a bathroom. By removing walls and barriers, an open floor plan allows for easy movement and communication flow between different areas of the bathroom. This design concept is especially beneficial in small bathrooms, as it can make the space feel larger and more open. Additionally, an open floor plan provides flexibility in terms of furniture placement and room organization. With proper lighting and airflow, an open floor space design can enhance both functionality and aesthetics in your bathroom. Fun and simple kids’ bathroom Designing a fun and simple kids’ bathroom is all about creating an engaging space that children will love. Incorporating playful elements into the floor plan can make bath time more enjoyable for little ones. Consider adding colorful tiles or vibrant wallpapers to create a lively atmosphere. It’s also important to maximize space and functionality by incorporating innovative storage options, such as built-in shelving or under-the-sink cabinets, to keep toys and essentials organized. Additionally, including child-friendly features like step stools or adjustable showerheads can make it easier for kids to use the bathroom independently. By combining creativity with practicality, you can transform your kids’ bathroom into a space that they’ll always enjoy spending time in. A fun and simple kids’ bathroom should be designed with accessibility in mind. To optimize the layout, consider placing items within easy reach of children so they can develop independence while using the facilities. Including low-height sinks, toilets, and countertops will make it easier for young ones to take care of their own hygiene needs. For added excitement, incorporate interactive elements such as wall-mounted games or chalkboard paint where children can unleash their creativity during bath time. Factors to Consider in Bathroom Floor Plan Design Consider the codes and guidelines for tub size, shower size, door entry, ventilation, sink and lighting placement. Think about who will use the bathroom and how, as well as popular bathroom layouts for different needs. To ensure a well-designed bathroom floor plan, it’s important to consider codes and guidelines for various elements. Take note of these factors when planning your tub size, shower size, door entry, ventilation, sink placement, and lighting placement: - A clear floor space of at least 30″ is recommended from the front edge of all fixtures to any opposite bath. - Toilet clearance code requirements are often overlooked during bathroom remodels and should be taken into consideration. - Shower doors and panels should be made from tempered glass and placed at least 15″ from the center of the toilet flange. - Ventilation regulations should be followed to maintain air quality in the bathroom. - Sink placement should prioritize functionality and accessibility. - Proper lighting positioning is important to create a well – lit and functional bathroom space. Consideration must be given to who will use the bathroom and their specific needs when designing the floor plan. This includes taking into account user requirements, accessibility needs, occupant demographics, and user preferences. By understanding who will be using the bathroom and how it will be utilized, you can create a functional design that meets everyone’s needs while maximizing space and ensuring safety. Additionally, storage requirements should be considered, as well as any budget constraints that may impact the design choices. Ultimately, creating a bathroom floor plan that caters to the users’ needs is essential for a successful and efficient space. Popular bathroom layouts for different needs There are various bathroom layouts available to suit different needs and preferences. When designing your bathroom floor plan, it’s essential to consider who will be using the space and how they will use it. For small bathrooms, a narrow 50-square-foot or a small 48-square-foot full bathroom layout can save space while still providing all necessary fixtures. If you have more room to work with, options like a 60-square-foot full bathroom or an 80-square-foot bathroom with a tub and shower offer more luxury. And for those tight on space, a tiny 17-square-foot half bath might be just what you need. Whatever your requirements may be, there is a popular bathroom layout that can meet them while optimizing both space and functionality. In addition to considering the size of your bathroom and its intended users, other factors should also influence your choice of layout. Codes and guidelines for tub size, shower size, door entry, ventilation, sink placement, and lighting should all be taken into account for safety and convenience purposes. Floor Plan Examples and Inspiration Get inspired by these floor plan examples to create a functional and stylish bathroom design that maximizes space and meets your needs: from small layouts without tubs, to versatile primary bathrooms, to dreamy spacious plans with luxurious features. Three-quarter bath layout without tub A three-quarter bath layout without a tub is an efficient and space-saving option for smaller bathrooms. This type of floor plan typically includes a standing shower, sink, and toilet. By eliminating the bathtub, you can maximize the available space and create a more functional bathroom layout. Whether you have limited square footage or simply prefer showers over baths, this design allows you to make the most of your bathroom’s size while still providing all the necessary fixtures for daily use. Full bath layout Designing a full bath layout requires careful consideration to maximize both space and functionality. With 99 bathroom layouts available in three-dimensional imagery, you can find inspiration for your dream bathroom design. QS Supplies showcases various options, including versatile primary bathroom layouts and large primary bathroom plans. WarmlyYours offers 101 floor plans to help you pick the best layout for your nontraditional bathroom space. By budgeting and considering design considerations, such as codes guidelines and popular layouts for different needs, you can create a stunning full bath that meets all your requirements. Versatile primary bathroom layout The versatile primary bathroom layout offers a range of possibilities to suit your unique style and needs. With this floor plan, you have the freedom to create a space that is both functional and stylish. Whether you prefer a spacious oasis or a cozy retreat, the versatile primary bathroom layout can accommodate your vision. You can choose from various design options such as separate shower and bathtub, double sinks for added convenience, or even incorporate additional storage solutions to maximize organization. This flexible floor plan allows you to customize your bathroom based on your preferences while maintaining functionality and efficiency. Explore the diverse bathroom layout options available with the versatile primary bathroom design and let your creativity shine in creating a space that truly reflects your personal taste. Large primary bathroom plan Designing a large primary bathroom requires careful consideration to make the most of the space. As you plan your layout, think about incorporating features like a double vanity and separate shower and tub areas for added luxury. Consider creating distinct zones within the bathroom for different functions, such as a makeup area or seating area. With a spacious floor plan, you have plenty of room to get creative and design a truly stunning and functional primary bathroom that meets all your needs. Dream primary bathroom floor plan Designing your dream primary bathroom starts with creating the perfect floor plan. This is the foundation for a space that combines functionality and luxury. Consider features like a spacious shower, a separate soaking tub, his and hers sinks, and ample storage. With careful planning, you can create a layout that maximizes space while reflecting your unique style and needs. Use the examples provided in this article as inspiration to bring your dream primary bathroom to life. Additional bathroom layout ideas for privacy, vanity, and tub placement Looking for additional bathroom layout ideas to maximize privacy, vanity placement, and tub placement? Here are some suggestions: - Separate toilet area: Create a separate enclosed space for the toilet to provide privacy while allowing others to use the sink or shower. - Vanity nook: Design a vanity nook by using a corner of the bathroom to place the sink and mirror, maximizing floor space. - Tub with a view: Install a freestanding tub near a window, offering both privacy and a relaxing view. - Tub shower combo: Combine the tub and shower in one area to save space while still enjoying the benefits of both. - Pocket doors: Use pocket doors instead of traditional swinging doors to save space and improve flow in smaller bathrooms. - Shower niche storage: Incorporate built-in shelving or niches in the shower area for storing toiletries, eliminating clutter from countertops. - His and hers vanities: Consider installing double sinks or separate vanities for couples or families who need their own personal space. - Freestanding storage units: Opt for freestanding storage units that can be moved around as needed, providing flexibility in organizing bathroom essentials. Code Requirements for Bathroom Design Learn about the important code requirements for bathroom design to ensure your space meets safety and functionality standards. When designing your bathroom floor plan, there are several important factors to consider. First, ensure that the door entry allows for easy access and is wide enough for wheelchair users if necessary. Clear bathroom space is essential for maneuverability, so make sure there is enough room between fixtures and walls to comply with code requirements. Adequate space should be allocated for single or double lavatory placement to allow for comfortable use. The size of the shower should accommodate your needs while adhering to building codes. When determining the location of the toilet and bidet, keep in mind the required clearances and distances from other fixtures. Consider incorporating a separate toilet compartment for privacy if space allows. Effective storage solutions are crucial in maintaining an organized bathroom; plan for built-in shelves or cabinets based on your storage needs. More Info About Bathroom Floor Plans When considering bathroom floor plan ideas, especially for a small space, it’s essential to strategize for the most efficient layout. One of the most common bathroom layouts for older homes, especially those with limited square feet, is the half bathroom or powder room. This design primarily includes a toilet and sink, and it’s a great way to maximize functionality in a narrow bathroom space. These half baths are often situated near the home’s entrance or in a corner, serving as a guest bathroom. On the other hand, if you’re working with a slightly larger area, integrating a shower combination or even a free-standing tub might be a good option. For those prioritizing privacy, incorporating a separate room or partition wall for the water closet, often referred to as a toilet room, can be a great idea. This ensures that during the morning rush hour, one person can use the shower while another uses the toilet, promoting efficiency. In larger homes, the master bathroom often becomes the center of attention. Spanning a larger floor area, these bathrooms provide enough space for double sinks on opposite walls, a boon for couples who don’t want to jostle for countertop space. A walk-in shower with a sleek glass door can be placed adjacent to a luxurious free-standing tub, ensuring both dry zones and wet zones are defined. It’s a good idea to position these fixtures near an exterior wall, allowing for natural light to filter in, enhancing the ambiance. For those desiring a bit more luxury and have the floor tile area to spare, a wet room, which is essentially a shower area that doesn’t need a curtain or door, could be considered. This kind of layout, often found in stylish spaces, features a shower head directly installed in the ceiling, creating a rain-like experience. As bathrooms have evolved, so have the general ideas surrounding their design. For instance, corner showers are a fantastic solution for smaller bathrooms, ensuring you utilize every bit of space. On the opposite end of the spectrum, a large bathroom can accommodate a central storage cabinet, perfect for stashing away towels, toiletries, and more. Door openings, especially sliding doors, can also play a pivotal role in determining the flow of the bathroom. Interior designers often suggest having a bathroom template at hand when planning a new bathroom design, as this helps visualize the placement of bathroom fixtures and ensures you maintain the minimum size requirements, such as toilet dimensions and bathroom sizes. Lastly, always remember to install a towel rack within arm’s reach of your shower or tub, ensuring convenience and a touch of elegance. Discover endless possibilities for maximizing space and functionality with these creative bathroom floor plan ideas. From storage solutions to innovative layouts, you can transform your bathroom into a practical and stylish oasis. Don’t settle for a cramped or inefficient design – let your imagination run wild and create the bathroom of your dreams! 1. How can I maximize space in my bathroom with a creative floor plan? You can maximize space in your bathroom by using clever design ideas such as installing wall-mounted storage, opting for a corner shower, or utilizing vertical storage solutions. 2. Are there any specific measurements I should consider when planning a bathroom floor plan? Yes, it is important to measure the dimensions of your bathroom accurately before designing a floor plan. This will help you determine the best placement and sizing of fixtures like the toilet, sink, and shower. 3. What are some functional features I can incorporate into my bathroom floor plan? Some functional features you can include in your bathroom floor plan are ample lighting, efficient ventilation systems, easy-to-clean surfaces, and well-placed electrical outlets for appliances and grooming tools. 4. Can I make my small bathroom feel more spacious with a creative floor plan? Yes, you can make your small bathroom feel more spacious by utilizing smart storage solutions like recessed shelves or built-in cabinets and choosing light colors for walls and fixtures to create an illusion of openness. 5. Should I consult with a professional designer when creating a creative floor plan for my bathroom? While it’s not necessary to consult with a professional designer, seeking advice from an experienced interior designer or architect can provide valuable insights and ensure that your chosen layout maximizes both space and functionality in your bathroom design.

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It can be seen that they are planning to come out Playing, keto diet pills customer service phone number wearing sports clothes. Now that the robe was removed, he could see clearly anywhere on his body. This time you and I go to the Insect Valley together. After you find King Luga, you can go to the fifth floor to have a look. Bai Ying said with a smile. I want to borrow a Gu poison master from Mercilon Pill Weight Loss keto diet pills customer service phone number you. Okay, call us if you need anything The attending doctor said, and turned away with several doctors. He probably won t die, after all, I gave him all the natal Gu A vast number of human Gu rushed towards Jiufang Nianlan. The keto diet pills customer service phone number boss sneered and shook his head. low t medical and weight loss clinic westminster Boss, you can t keep such a person said the middle aged woman.

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Although these are very good alternatives for everyday use, for racing and hardcore handling programs, a softer alternative might be a far better option. The preliminary hardness of the polyurethane bushing is higher than that of the rubber bushing. The big difference among the two components is determined by durometer screening. Polyurethane has a greater hardness than rubber because it does not respond to load in the exact same way. The more challenging the rubber, the significantly less elastic, and the greater the tear. This tends to make it an excellent decision for bushings in a assortment of apps. Strong bushings substitute the standard bushings on the subframe, reducing axle muddle. New bushings elevate the subframe by .59″ (15mm), correcting the roll centre. Furthermore, they don’t produce cabin sounds. So you can set up these bushings even when your motor vehicle is decreased. But you ought to consider some facts when installing solid casing. 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So if you strategy to install a strong subframe bushing, be certain to decide on a reliable bushing. In the circuit, there is a large electrical area on each sides of the capacitor grading bushing. This is thanks to their capacitor cores. The dielectric homes of the main insulating layer have a wonderful influence on the electric field distribution in the bushing. This post discusses the rewards and disadvantages of capacitor quality bushings. This article discusses the rewards and drawbacks of grading bushings for capacitors in DC electricity methods. One drawback of capacitor grading bushings is that they are not suitable for greater voltages. Capacitor grading bushings are inclined to serious heating difficulties. This may possibly decrease their extended-expression reliability. The primary disadvantage of capacitor grading bushings is that they increase the radial thermal gradient of the primary insulation. This can direct to dielectric breakdown. Capacitor grading bushing adopts cylindrical composition, which can suppress the impact of temperature on electrical subject distribution. This decreases the coefficient of inhomogeneity of the electric powered subject in the confinement layer. Capacitor grading bushings have a uniform electric discipline distribution across their primary insulation. Capacitive graded bushings are also more reliable than nonlinear bushings. Electrical discipline variation is the most crucial lead to of failure. The electrode extension layer can be patterned to manage the electric field to stay away from flashover or partial discharge of the major insulating materials. This layout can be incorporated into capacitor grading bushings to provide far better electric fields in higher voltage applications. This kind of bushing is appropriate for a vast variety of apps. This report discusses the positive aspects and drawbacks of capacitor grade bushings. When selecting among plastic and metallic sleeves, it is essential to choose a item that can handle the needed load. Plastic bushings have a tendency to deteriorate and usually crack under weighty hundreds, decreasing their mechanical energy and provider daily life. Metal bushings, on the other hand, conduct warmth a lot more proficiently, stopping any injury to the mating surfaces. Plastic bushings can also be made with lubricating fillers included to a resin matrix. Plastic bushings have numerous positive aspects in excess of steel bushings, like getting inexpensive and flexible. Plastic bushings are now utilised in a lot of industries since they are low-cost and fast to put in. These plastic goods are also self-lubricating and call for considerably less maintenance than metals. They are frequently used in applications in which servicing expenses are substantial or elements are challenging to access. Also, if they are vulnerable to wear and tear, they are effortless to change. 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Amid the political lies and misinformation that spread across the country throughout the 2022 midterm elections, statements by candidates in 29 states rarely faced the scrutiny of independent fact-checkers. Why? Because there weren’t any local fact-checkers. Even in the places where diligent local media outlets regularly made active efforts to verify the accuracy of political claims, the volume of questionable statements in debates, speeches, campaign ads and social posts far outpaced the fact-checkers’ ability to set the record straight. An initial survey by Reporters’ Lab at Duke University identified 46 locally focused fact-checking projects during this year’s campaign in 21 states and the District of Columbia. That count is little changed in the national election years since 2016, when an average of 47 fact-checking projects were active at the state and local level. Active State/Local Fact-Checkers in the U.S., 2003-22 There’s also been lots of turnover among local fact-checking projects over time. At least 40 projects have come and gone since 2010. And fact-checking is not always front and center, even among the news outlets that devote considerable effort and time to this reporting. While some fact-checkers consistently produce reports from election to election, many others are campaign-season one-offs. And the overwhelming emphasis on campaign claims can produce a fact-vacuum after the votes are counted — when elected officials, party operatives and others in the political process continue to make erroneous and misleading statements. Fact-checks also can be hard for readers and viewers to find — sometimes appearing only in a broader scroll of state political news, with little effort to make this vital reporting stand out or to showcase it on a separate page. The Duke Reporters’ Lab conducted this initial survey to assess the state of local fact-checking during the 2022 midterm elections. The Lab first began tracking fact-checking projects across the United States and around the world in 2014 and maintains a global database and map of fact-checking projects. While 29 states currently appear to have no fact-checking projects that regularly report on claims from politicians or social media at the local level, residents may encounter occasional one-off fact-checks from their state’s media outlets. Among the states lacking dedicated fact-checking projects are four that had hotly contested Senate or governor races this fall — New Hampshire, Kansas, Ohio and Oregon. The states with the most robust fact-checking in terms of projects based there include Texas with five outlets; Iowa and North Carolina with four; and Florida, Michigan and Wisconsin with three each. Competition seems to generate additional fact-checking. States with active fact-checking projects tend to have at least two (14 states of the 21), while seven states and D.C. have a single locally focused project. Local television stations are the most active fact-check producers. Of the outlets that generated fact-checks at the state and local level this year, more than half are local television stations. That’s a change over the past two decades, when newspapers and their websites were the primary outlets for local fact-checks. Who Produces Local Fact-Checks? Almost all local fact-checking projects are run by media outlets, while several are based at universities or nonprofit organizations. The university-related fact-checkers are Arizona State University’s Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication; The Daily Iowan, the University of Iowa’s independent student newspaper; and West Virginia University’s Reed College of Media. All three are state affiliates of PolitiFact, the prolific national fact-checking organization based at the nonprofit Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida. National news partnerships and media owners drive a significant amount of local fact-checking. Of the 46 projects, almost a quarter are affiliated with PolitiFact, while another half-dozen are among the most active local stations participating in the Verify fact-checking project by TV company Tegna. In addition, five Graham Media Group television stations use a unified Trust Index brand at the local level. One of the newest efforts to encourage local fact-checking is Repustar’s Gigafact, a non-profit project that partnered with three newsrooms to counter misinformation during the midterms. The Arizona Center for Investigative Reporting, The Nevada Independent and Wisconsin Watch produced “fact briefs,” which are short, timely reports that answer yes or no questions, such as “Is Nevada’s violent crime rate higher than the national average?” Nearly 40 percent of the fact-checkers in the Lab’s count got their start since 2020, including 11 projects in that year alone. In contrast, the oldest fact-checker, WISC-TV in Madison, Wisconsin, began producing its Reality Check segments almost two decades ago, in 2004. It’s among 12 fact-checkers that have been active for 10 years or more. Another new initiative launched in April to increase Spanish language fact-checking at the local level in the U.S. — but with the help of two prominent international fact-checking organizations. Factchequeado, a partnership between Maldita.es of Spain and Chequeado in Argentina, has built a network of 27 allies, including 19 local news outlets in the U.S. through which they share fact-checks and media literacy content. Currently, the majority of Factchequeado fact-checks are produced at the national level by its own staff. Through its U.S. partnerships, Factchequeado aims to train Hispanic journalists to produce original fact-checks in Spanish at the local level. The Reporters’ Lab conducted this survey with support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, which also has helped fund the Lab’s work on automated fact-checking. The Lab intends to follow up its initial assessment of the local fact-checking landscape with a post-election report that will dive into some of the challenges facing journalists trying to do this vital work. Our follow-up report will explore the content of local fact-checkers’ work in 2022, including data on whom they fact-checked and their approaches to rating claims. We will interview local reporters, producers and editors about public and political feedback and their editorial processes and methodologies. We also intend to examine why some local fact-checking initiatives are short-lived election-year efforts while others have carried on consistently for many years. Here’s how we decide which fact-checkers to include in the Reporters’ Lab database. The Lab continually collects new information about the fact-checkers it identifies, such as when they launched and how long they last. If you know of a fact-checking project that has been missed, please contact Mark Stencel and Erica Ryan at the Reporters’ Lab. Joel Luther of the Reporters’ Lab contributed to this report. Appendix: Local Fact-Checking Projects Arizona Center for Investigative Reporting (Gigafact) | Phoenix Fact-checking for Repustar’s Gigafact Project by an independent, nonprofit newsroom in Phoenix funded by individual donors, foundations, fee-for-service revenue and other sources. Repustar is a privately-funded benefit corporation based in the San Francisco Bay Area. PolitiFact Arizona | Phoenix The Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University is PolitiFact’s local affiliate in Arizona. PolitiFact previously worked in Arizona with KNXV-TV (ABC15), ABC’s local affiliate in Phoenix, as part of partnership with the station’s owner, Scripps TV Station Group. (KNXV-TV had previously produced its own “Truth Test” segments.) PolitiFact’s national staff maintained the site starting with the 2018 midterm election cycle until the fact-checking organization partnered with ASU in 2022. PolitiFact California | Sacramento Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters at Capital Public Radio. Sacramento Bee Fact Check | Sacramento Fact-checks by Sacramento Bee reporters appear in its Capitol Alert section, especially in election years. Began as an “Ad Watch” feature focused on political advertising. 9News Truth Test | Denver NBC’s local TV affiliate in Denver has long done political fact-checking, particularly during elections. In addition, the Tegna-owned station also actively contributes to the Verify initiative — a companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project that involves a mix of local stories and national reporting shared across more than 60 stations (https://www.9news.com/verify). 9News relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. CBS4 Reality Check | Denver Election-year fact-checks from Denver’s local, CBS-owned commercial TV affiliate. District of Columbia WUSA9 Verify | Washington WUSA9 is among the most active contributors in Tegna’s Verify initiative — a companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project that involves a mix of local stories and national reporting shared across more than 60 stations. The Washington-area’s CBS affiliate relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. News4Jax Trust Index | Jacksonville Fact-checking by the news team at WJXT-TV (News4Jax), an independent commercial TV station in Jacksonville, Florida. News4Jax is owned by the Graham Media Group, a commercial media company whose stations launched their “Trust Index” reporting during the 2020 U.S. elections with help and training from Fathm, a media lab and international consulting group. News 6 Trust Index | Orlando Fact-checking by the news team at WKMG-TV (News 6), the CBS affiliate in Orlando, Florida. News 6 is owned by the Graham Media Group, a commercial media company whose regional TV stations launched their “Trust Index” reporting during the 2020 U.S. elections with help and training from Fathm, a media lab and international consulting group. PolitiFact Florida | St. Petersburg PolitiFact’s reporting on the state is produced in affiliation with the Tampa Bay Times. The newspaper’s bureau in Washington, D.C., was the fact-checking service’s original home before it was folded into the Poynter Institute — a non-profit media training center in St. Petersburg, Florida, that also owns the Times and its commercial publishing company. From 2010 to 2017, the Miami Herald was also a PolitiFact Florida reporting and distribution partner. 11 Alive Verify | Atlanta WXIA is among the most active contributors in Tegna’s Verify initiative — a companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project that involves a mix of local stories and national reporting shared across more than 60 stations. The Atlanta-area’s NBC affiliate relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. PolitiFact Illinois | Chicago Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters and researchers from the Better Government Association, a nonprofit watchdog organization founded in 1923 that focuses on investigative journalism. PolitiFact’s previous news partner in the state was Reboot Illinois, a for-profit digital news service. Gazette Fact Checker | Cedar Rapids Fact-checks by reporters at The Cedar Rapids Gazette. The newspaper previously worked on its fact-checks in collaboration with KCRG-TV, a local TV station the Gazette owned until 2015. KCCI’s Get the Facts | Des Moines Fact-checks of campaign ads during election cycles by reporters at the Des Moines, Iowa, CBS affiliate, a commercial station owned by Hearst Television. KCRG-TV’s “I9 Fact Checker” | Cedar Rapids Occasional fact-checks presented by commercial station KCRG-TV’s “I9 Investigation” team. The local ABC affiliate in Cedar Rapids was previously owned by the area’s local newspaper, The Cedar Rapids Gazette. The two news organizations worked together on fact-checks from 2014 to 2018. PolitiFact Iowa | Iowa City Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters at The Daily Iowan, the independent student newspaper at the University of Iowa. PolitiFact’s previous state partner in Iowa was the Des Moines Register. Bangor Daily News Ad Watch | Bangor Fact-checks of campaign ads during election season by staffers at the Bangor daily newspaper. Portland Press Herald | Portland Fact-checks of campaign ads during election cycles by staffers at the daily newspaper in Portland, Maine. Bridge Michigan | Detroit An ongoing reporting project published mainly in election years by Bridge Magazine, an online journal published by the non-profit Center for Michigan. Originally called The Truth Squad, the project began as a standalone site before it merged with the center and its magazine in 2012. The Bridge’s fact-checkers also have collaborated with public media’s Michigan Radio. Local 4 Trust Index | Detroit Fact-checking by the news team at WDIV-TV (Local 4), the NBC affiliate for Detroit, Michigan. Local 4 is owned by the Graham Media Group, a commercial media company whose regional TV stations launched their “Trust Index” reporting during the 2020 U.S. elections with help and training from Fathm, a media lab and international consulting group. PolitiFact Michigan | Detroit Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters from the Detroit Free Press. The newspaper previously did fact-checking on its own during the 2014 midterm elections. 5 Eyewitness News Truth Test | St. Paul Election season fact-checking by the local ABC affiliate’s political reporter. CBS Minnesota Reality Check | Minneapolis Fact-checking by the news staff at the local CBS affiliate in Minneapolis. KY3 Fact Finders | Springfield Fact-checks by an anchor/reporter for the NBC affiliate in Springfield, Missouri. Focuses on rumors and questions from viewers. News 4 Fact Check | St. Louis Election season fact-checks by reporters at CBS’s local affiliate in St. Louis. Reno Gazette-Journal Fact Checker | Reno Fact-checks by RGJ’s local government reporter and engagement director. The position is supported by donations and grants. The Nevada Independent (Gigafact) | Las Vegas Fact-checking for Repustar’s Gigafact Project by a nonprofit news website in Las Vegas funded by corporate donations, memberships, foundation grants and other sources. Repustar is a privately-funded benefit corporation based in the San Francisco Bay Area. 4 Investigates Fact Check | Albuquerque Occasional fact-checks by the investigative news team at KOB-TV (KOB4), a commercial TV station owned by Hubbard Broadcasting Company that is NBC’s local affiliate in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A reporter conducts the fact-checks with the help of a political scientist from the University of New Mexico. News10NBC Fact Check | Rochester Fact-checks by an anchor/reporter at the Rochester, New York, NBC affiliate, that focus on rumors and questions from viewers. PolitiFact New York | Buffalo Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters from the Buffalo News. CBS 17 Truth Tracker and Digging Deeper | Raleigh-Goldsboro Fact-checks by a data reporter from the Raleigh-area’s local CBS affiliate — a commercial TV station owned by Nexstar Media Group. Televised versions of the “Digging Deeper” segments are supplemented with source material on the station’s website, with political “Truth Tracker” reports appearing on its election news page. PolitiFact North Carolina | Raleigh Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters at WRAL-TV, a privately owned commercial station that is NBC’s local affiliate in the Raleigh-Durham area. The News & Observer, a McClatchy-owned newspaper in Raleigh, was PolitiFact’s original local news partner in the state from 2016 to 2019. The News & Observer’s Fact-Checking Project | Raleigh Fact-checks by the reporting staff of The News & Observer, the McClatchy owned newspaper in Raleigh, North Carolina. It freely distributes its fact-checking to other media in the state. The N&O previously did fact-checking as PolitiFact’s state partner from 2016 to 2019. WCNC Verify | Charlotte WCNC is among the most active contributors in Tegna’s Verify initiative — a companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project that involves a mix of local stories and national reporting shared across more than 60 stations. The Charlotte-area’s NBC affiliate relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. The Frontier fact checks | Tulsa Fact-checking by reporters from this non-profit news site based in Tulsa. The fact-checks appear in the form of thematic roundups posted with the site’s other news stories. The Frontiers’ work is also used by other Oklahoma media. The Frontier Media Group Inc. operates the site with support from foundations, corporate supporters and individual donors. News 8 “Ad Watch” | Lancaster Ad Watch segments appear during election campaigns in televised newscasts and on the politics page of this local, commercially supported TV station. Based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, WGAL-TV is owned by Hearst Television and is the local NBC affiliate for the Susquehanna Valley region, including the state capital in Harrisburg. KHOU11 Verify | Houston KHOU is among the most active contributors in Tegna’s Verify initiative — a companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project that involves a mix of local stories and national reporting shared across more than 60 stations. The Houston-area’s CBS affiliate relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. KPRC Trust Index | Houston Fact-checking by the news team at KPRC-TV, the NBC affiliate for Houston, Texas. KPRC is owned by the Graham Media Group, a commercial media company whose local TV stations launched their “Trust Index” reporting during the 2020 U.S. elections with help and training from Fathm, a media lab and international consulting group. KSAT Trust Index | San Antonio Fact-checking by the news team at KSAT-TV, the ABC affiliate in San Antonio, Texas. KSAT is owned by the Graham Media Group, a commercial media company whose regional TV stations launched their “Trust Index” reporting during the 2020 U.S. elections with help and training from Fathm, a media lab and international consulting group. PolitiFact Texas | Austin, Houston, San Antonio Affiliate of PolitiFact, with contributions from its three newspaper partners in the state, Austin American Statesman, Houston Chronicle and San Antonio Express-News. WFAA’s Verify Road Trip | Dallas WFAA-TV’s contribution to Tegna’s companywide fact-checking and explanatory journalism project is its “Verify Road Trip” segments. For these stories, the Dallas-area ABC affiliate enlists viewers to be “guest reporters” who join the news team to find answers to their questions. The station relies on funding from advertising and local carriage fees from cable, satellite and digital TV service providers. Verify Road Trip also has a YouTube page. PolitiFact Virginia | Richmond Staffed by reporters from the news team at WCVE-FM in the Richmond/Petersburg area, where the station is part of a cluster of regional public broadcasters. WCVE revived PolitiFact’s presence in the commonwealth after a nearly two-year hiatus. (PolitiFact’s original local news partner, the Richmond Times Dispatch, operated the Virginia site from 2010 to 2016.) PolitiFact West Virginia | Morgantown Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by student reporters at West Virginia University’s Reed College of Media. News 3 Reality Check | Madison Video fact-checking segments by News 3 team on Wisconsin politics and TV ads, especially during election season. PolitiFact Wisconsin | Milwaukee Affiliate of PolitiFact, staffed by reporters from the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Wisconsin Watch (Gigafact) | Madison Fact-checking for Repustar’s Gigafact Project by a nonprofit news outlet in Wisconsin funded by grants from foundations, individual and corporate donations and other sources. Repustar is a privately-funded benefit corporation based in the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Branded content. Us Weekly has affiliate partnerships so we may receive compensation for some links to products and services. Finding a high-quality men’s perfume is essential. In fact, this product can be considered a mood-boosting form of self-care. But with so many scents and brands on the market, it is easy to overlook the top-notch choices for men’s cologne that leave you feeling confident. Wearing cologne is the equivalent of wearing a signature statement piece, and perfumes for men are a great item to consider when purchasing a gift. Whether you’re buying for someone you have in mind or want to level up the new year with an inviting scent, there’s an option for you. We’ve vetted a list of the best perfumes for men in 2023 to elevate your day-to-evening look. Men’s Perfume: Discover What’s Essential for a Daytime or Night-Out Fragrance Before we strum the notes of the best perfumes for men, let’s look at what’s essential for finding a trusty cologne. Preferences typically vary based on what works best for your lifestyle and the purpose of an aroma. Some prefer softer scents with long-lasting fragrances; others prefer pungent cologne notes to announce their presence on a night out. Whatever your choice or style, here are a few elements to consider if you’re looking for the best cologne to add to your arsenal. What to know about olfactory notes when choosing the best cologne for an occasion: Top notes: The main event regarding perfume and cologne. The top note ingredients will be the first and primary scent to catch your attention. Mid notes: Second in line, but at the heart of your cologne. Middle notes blend with top and base notes but give you almost half the final fragrance. Base notes: Last but not least are base notes, which make up about a quarter of the final fragrance. Your olfactory senses will catch the rich and smooth scents of base notes in a fragrance, which are the longest-lasting of the three notes. The Best Men’s Perfumes for 2023 You may have used colognes as a confidence booster or to create an aromatic appeal. However, there’s more to a men’s cologne than how it can make us feel in our environment. Follow us for a deep dive into the best perfumes for men in 2023. Scents: Inspired by the coastal jungles of Bali Perfect Occasion: Daily use, a night out and spring/summer Price Point: $100 First on our list is Blu Atlas’ Atlantis cologne for men. This top-of-the-line men’s cologne carries a masculine scent inspired by the culture, beaches and coastal jungles of Bali. Atlantis cologne is an inviting blend of adventure and wanderlust. The fragrance is strategically crafted with top notes of lemon, bergamot and blackcurrant for a perfect first impression of citrus. The cologne’s heart is a blend of herbs and natural scents. Middle notes include lavender, clary sage, peach and apricot. Base notes are a mellow mix of orris, oakmoss, violet, ambrette seed and musk. Best of all, Blu Atlas is dedicated to creating vegan and cruelty-free products that are free of phthalates, paraben, synthetic dyes and sulfates. Their Atlantis fragrance is formulated with clean industry standards. Atlantis cologne comes in a stylish bottle that is matte black with all-black lettering and a magnetic cap, ensconced in a padded black box. Apply a few spritzes on a night out or as a daily cologne to help you look and feel your best. This blend is perfectly crafted for the man who’s adventurous at heart. Scent: Mix of Italian oranges, herbs and wood Perfect Occasion: Nightlife, date night, winter season Price Point: $70-$100 Dolce & Gabbana is a noteworthy name in the fashion and luxury scene. This is an ideal choice if you’re looking for a forward, masculine fragrance. Initially released in 2008, the current fragrance has been tweaked for the modern scene. The unique formula Dolce & Gabbana uses for this blend includes top notes of Italian tarocco orange, grand vert basil and sparkling bergamot for a vibrant and sophisticated first impression. At the center, lively herbs such as French clary sage and lavender mix with the orange scent. At the base are deep scents of Australian sandalwood, amber and cedarwood. This cologne is guaranteed to turn heads wherever you go. The One by Dolce & Gabbana is not shy, though it’s also never overpowering. This is a classic for cologne enthusiasts worldwide. Wearing this distillation of Italian luxury on a night out or during the fall and winter seasons can add a statement to any outfit. Scent: Mix of apple, jasmine and guaiac wood Perfect Occasion: Daily use, winter season Price Point: $200-$400 Layton by Parfums de Marly is a charming and sophisticated fragrance for men. This is the perfect selection if you’re up for a luxury cologne with hints of apple, lavender and jasmine. The intense, fragrant top notes include apple, bergamot and lavender. Layton is balanced with middle notes of jasmine, violet and geranium. Base notes are vanilla, pepper, guaiac wood and patchouli. This is a distinguished and elegant choice for luxury colognes on the market. It’s perfect for daily use, and the scents are compatible with the elements of the winter season. If you’re looking for a unique scent that enhances your gentleman’s appearance, Layton is a scent that won’t grow old. It’s also a fragrance that lasts for hours. This is a great choice to add to your cologne collection in 2023. Scent: Mix of spices, citrus and amber Perfect Occasion: A night out, date night Price Point: $150-$300 Luxury brand Tom Ford makes an impressive appearance with Noir Extreme cologne for men. This fragrance is an alluring mix of heat, spices, citrus and amber. Its scent is led by spicy top notes such as cardamom, nutmeg, mandarin, saffron and neroli. Middle notes include kulfi, rose, mastic, orange blossom and jasmine. The base notes of vanilla, amber, wood and sandalwood merge to create Noir Extreme’s unmatched fragrance. The bottle is a translucent black flacon with a gold cap, resembling a discovered treasure. One to two sprays of perfume can go a long way. Although it’s at a higher price point than others on this list, a single bottle can last a long time. You will feel satisfied with this investment for your cologne arsenal. Noir Extreme is an extravagant gift that leaves a lasting impression. This is a solid choice if you’re seeking a statement-piece fragrance that is a rich mix of spicy and sweet. Scent: Wood and amber Perfect Occasion: Daily use or a night out Price Point: $40-$200 Ralph Lauren presents Ralph’s Club, a masculine, woody scent with amber undertones. This is a classy fragrance suitable for daily use and perfect for a night out. This fragrance can easily accompany a stylish outfit. The product is presented in a sleek flask: think of it as masculinity in bottle form. It is matte-black with a gunmetal hinge cap. The fragrance is topped off with mandarin oil, apple accord and cardamom oil. Middle notes include lavandin, clary sage and geranium absolute. Ralph’s Club’s base includes vetiver, patchouli oil and cashmera. This concentrated fragrance is an excellent addition to your evening outfit. You can also use this scent daily if you hope to make a lasting impression on co-workers. Scent: A sweet mix of fruit and leather Perfect Occasion: A night out, summer season Price Point: $95 For the liquor enthusiast, Malin+Goetz presents Dark Rum, a refreshing take on bay rum. Dark Rum cologne for men features fruit and leather as the primary accord. Top notes include bergamot, plum and anise. Leather, rum and vanilla merge at the center, and it finishes off with patchouli, amber and milk. This cologne is a personal-care staple if you enjoy fruity scents with a masculine twist, such as leather. With a single spritz, you get the refreshing and warm welcome of a tropical sun in the summer months. This is a great choice for all-day wear, and the lasting fragrance is one you won’t grow tired of, regardless of the occasion. Scent: A blend of wood sage and sea salt Perfect Occasion: Ocean getaway, vacation, summer Price Point: $80-$155 For the ocean and nature lover, Jo Malone’s Wood Sage & Sea Salt cologne is a light and airy scent of sea spray and minerals, accompanied by a woody, earthy base. This classic summertime fragrance creates an inviting aroma, evocative of a getaway vacation. If you’re a man who enjoys beach days, surfing and adventurous trips worldwide, you will be pleased with this choice. The Wood Sage & Sea Salt cologne is aptly described by its name. Ambrette seeds make up the top note, sea salt is at heart and sage lands the base note. Although it is composed from just a handful of ingredients, the light cologne leaves a complex and inviting scent. The depth lies in its sophisticated, fresh and earthy aroma. Since the central accord is a salty marine feel, your summertime outfits can be elevated with a spritz or two of Jo Malone’s Wood Sage & Sea Salt cologne for men. Your ocean getaway is just a spritz away with this lasting fragrance. Scent: Wood, amber, and whisky Perfect Occasion: Night out, summer nights Price Point: $90-$120 Givenchy is known as a leader in the luxury fashion world. Givenchy Gentleman Eau de Parfum Réserve Privée for men is a classy, warm and woodsy fragrance that best suits a gentleman, as its name suggests. The main accords are wood and a whiskey-inspired blend. If you are a liquor enthusiast, this is a solid choice for an everyday fragrance, as it’s inspired by the finest of whiskey scents blended with floral and amber. Olfactory notes include bergamot essence and whiskey absolute at the top. The heart notes are chestnut, orris and benzoin. The base consists of cedarwood, vetiver and patchouli. This French fragrance ensemble is a decadent and luxurious blend of premium ingredients. Givenchy Gentlemen cologne for men is encased in an elegant flask and resembles whiskey with its dark amber coloring. It’s a perfect masculine blend. Scent: Citrus and ambery cedar Perfect Occasion: Date night, wedding or special occasion Price Point: $130-$170 Chanel is a high-class brand known for its quality in many areas. Bleu de Chanel cologne for men is a popular choice for those who appreciate bold colognes that leave a lasting scent. Main accords include citrus, amber and wood. This blend suits every man and every lifestyle, and should be a staple in any cologne arsenal. If you enjoy vanilla and sandalwood, you’ll appreciate this fragrance, as those are the highlighted tones in Bleu de Chanel. The composition consists of fresh citrus and amber wood at the top. Middle notes of tonka bean and vanilla follow. At the base is Caledonian sandalwood, which leaves a lasting trail throughout the day. This fragrance lasts throughout the day, from morning to evening. It pairs well with a nice outfit during any season. This is a popular choice for special occasions, such as a date night or wedding. You can’t go wrong with this unique blend as an accessory to your appearance. Scent: Citrus, wood and floral Perfect Occasion: Everyday use Price Point: $95 The Nue Co. features a fragrance supplement that increases focus and can elevate your day. This unique blend is engineered to stimulate neural pathways and enhance mental performance. Mind Energy for men may be a great fit in your daily life if you’re ready to ditch caffeine and level up your mornings. It is engineered to clear mental fog and boost brain function, so the intriguing mix of ingredients is both invigorating and beneficial. The ingredients include clary sage, juniper, pink peppercorn, clove and geranium. This green, earthy, warm, woody and floral combination can help you focus. One of the best perfumes for men in 2023, Mind Energy may help boost your morning routine as well as providing a delightful lasting fragrance. The Nue Co. recommends long-term use for best results, so consider making this a new habit. Scent: Mix of citrus and vanilla Perfect Occasion: Daily use, night out, special event Price Point: $110-$200 Another perennial favorite is Dior’s Sauvage cologne for men. Dior is a classic designer brand in the fashion industry, and its fragrance collection matches the quality of products in other departments. The cologne is introduced with a classy black-to-blue-to-white fade on its bottle. It has a magnetic cap, and you can purchase a refillable bottle. A mix of fresh and spicy, this fragrance is made up primarily of citrus and vanilla notes. The scent was inspired by the desert at twilight, evoking the impending coolness of the night. Its presentation and aroma match the idea spot on. The premium ingredients are Calabrian bergamot and Papua New Guinean vanilla extract, which are ethically sourced. This cologne has an extravagant sensory appeal that is never overwhelming. It is ideal for daily use but can suit a night out or a special event. Depending on your taste and preferences, this scent is a great choice for leaving a memorable trail throughout your day. Scent: Mix of fruity lemon, orange, rosemary and amber Perfect Occasion: Daily use Price Point: $130-$250 Acqua di Parma Colonia’s Essenza cologne for men is a wonderful integration of fruity top notes, floral heart notes and woody base notes. This cologne is a toned-down masculine scent with a lasting, thoroughly enjoyable fragrance. It’s a popular choice for many because of its sparkling top notes, which include lemon, orange, bergamot, mandarin, grapefruit, neroli and petitgrain. Rosemary, lily of the valley, rose accord, jasmine accord and cloves are the heart. The base notes include vetiver, patchouli, white musk and amber. This is a solid choice for the outdoorsy man. It is a distinctive and sophisticated scent that makes an impression but is not crafted to overwhelm. You can wear it to work, on a night out or while running errands to boost confidence and appeal. Scent:Mix of sage, lavender, and cedar Perfect Occasion: Daily use, every season Price Point: $27-$105 Yves Saint Laurent does not disappoint in the fashion industry, and its fragrance products stand out because of their quality. Y by Yves Saint Laurent is a crisp fragrance for men that can be worn in practically every season of the year. The long-lasting scent includes fresh, citrus and aromatic accords in the lead. Top notes include aldehydes, bergamot, ginger, mint and lemon. The heart notes are apple, violet leaf, sage, geranium and pineapple. The base notes include ambergris, musk, cedar, vetiver, balsam fir and incense. This men’s cologne is inspired by Generation Y, people born between the 1980s and 1990s. A celebration of an influential decade, this fragrance is a solid choice for men’s cologne in 2023. Use it daily throughout the year, or pair this scent with a classy blazer on a night out to elevate your appearance. Scent: Mix of wood, florals, and citrus Perfect Occasion: Everyday use, night out, date night Price Point: $280 Launched in 2011, Mister Marvelous cologne for men is a woody aromatic fragrance that has captured the attention of many since its release. Top notes include petitgrain and neroli, leading with a green, floral aroma. Middle notes include bamboo and lavender, which are blended perfectly with floral scents for an earthy and fresh tone. The base notes are Virginia cedar and amber, creating a masculine, woodsy appeal. Mister Marvelous by Byredo is an aromatic and fresh vegan formula compatible with any lifestyle. A spritz of Mister Marvelous helps increase your confidence whether you’re at work, hanging with friends or going out on a date night. This decadent fragrance will prove to be a worthwhile investment. Scent: Honey, florals, and vanilla Perfect Occasion: Night out and special events Price Point: $235 Honey Oud men’s cologne by Floris is guided by notes of European honey, vanilla and oud oil. This fragrance is luxurious and sweet. At the primary level, bergamot and love lead the scent. Oud, patchouli and rose are at heart. In its base lie amber, labdanum, musk and vanilla. Honey Oud is a unique fragrance that is sweet, heavy and long-lasting. This is an excellent choice if you’re seeking a cologne that makes a statement in any environment. The cologne is crafted to provide a cozy and comforting appeal and is never overpowering. This cologne is part of a duo, Leather Oud and Honey Oud, launched in 2014. It remains a classic and decadent choice. The oud oil is exclusively obtained from a certified sustainable source of agarwood, making this an earth-conscious approach for a unique scent. Scent: Mix of American sagebrush and thyme Perfect Occasion: Daily, night out, special occasion Price Point: $190-$280 Our final pick is D.S. & Durga’s Cowboy Grass cologne for men. The American-style scent is masterfully crafted for the Southern man or cowboy enthusiast. Cowboy Grass features top notes of rosewood, wild thyme and bergamot. Midway, you can catch the scents of sagebrush, basil and rose otto. The base notes of vetiver, grass and ambergris carry a lasting scent. If you’re up for a bold Wild West story, this cologne takes you through the depths of its fragrant roots with a spritz. D.S. & Durga gained visibility after releasing this cologne, which has remained a classic sale item. It’s the perfect fit for the final spot on our list of best perfumes for men in 2023. We know there are many choices out there, with classic to luxurious options on the market. Whether your eyes are set on the Bali-inspired Atlantis cologne, the citrus scents of Sauvage or an energy-boosting fragrance supplement like Mind Energy, it’s essential to choose a cologne brand and scent you’ll enjoy. As you start a new year, consider choosing the fragrance accessories that will elevate your look and make a statement anywhere you go. Not done shopping? See more of our favorite products below: This post is brought to you by Us Weekly’s Shop With Us team. The Shop With Us team aims to highlight products and services our readers might find interesting and useful, such as wedding-guest outfits, purses, plus-size swimsuits, women’s sneakers, bridal shapewear, and perfect gift ideas for everyone in your life. Product and service selection, however, is in no way intended to constitute an endorsement by either Us Weekly or of any celebrity mentioned in the post. The Shop With Us team may receive products free of charge from manufacturers to test. In addition, Us Weekly receives compensation from the manufacturer of the products we write about when you click on a link and then purchase the product featured in an article. This does not drive our decision as to whether or not a product or service is featured or recommended. Shop With Us operates independently from the advertising sales team. We welcome your feedback at [email protected]. Happy shopping!

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Ways YGG Collects and Uses Personal Information "Personal Information" is information that identifies, relates to, describes, is capable of being associated with, or could reasonably be linked, directly or indirectly, with a particular individual or household. When we combine other information (i.e., information that does not, on its own, identify an individual or household) with Personal Information, we treat the combined information as Personal Information. When you create a YGG account When you create an account on a YGG website or mobile app, we ask you to provide Personal Information, including your name and email address. You will use your email address or username and your password to login to your account. Your YGG account will be password protected. We use your name to help verify your account when you contact customer support. When you log in to your YGG account with social media credentials You may have the option to log in to your YGG account using your social media login credentials (e.g., your Facebook login credentials). If you choose to do this, when you log in to your YGG account using social media login credentials for the first time, you will be asked whether you agree that the social media provider may provide certain information to YGG, such as your name, email address, profile photo, posts, comments and other information associated with your social media account. All this information is made available to YGG by the social media provider due to the way the social sign-on configuration works, but of this information, YGG only retains and uses your email address. YGG uses the email address provided by the social media provider to associate it with your YGG account so that you can use your email address to log in to your YGG account in the future if you no longer wish to login using your social media login credentials. If you do not want your information to be shared with YGG by the social media provider, then you can simply login to the account(s) you maintain on any YGG-owned website using the relevant account login credentials without using your social media login credentials. When you buy products on a YGG website If you purchase a product on a YGG site, then YGG will collect Personal Information from you, such as your name, mailing address and telephone number, so that we can process your order and fulfill your purchase. We do not view or store your payment card information. A third party processes customer payment card information when YGG customers use a payment card to make a purchase on a YGG site. When you update a YGG affiliated product If you perform a software update, including but not limited to a firmware update, to a YGG affiliated product, then YGG will collect Personal Information from you, such as your IP address and unique product ID so that we can ensure proper functionality of the product and that the product is operating safely. When you communicate with YGG When you interact with our customer support representatives via email, website chat, telephone, text, or in person, we may collect Personal Information, such as your name, mailing address, phone number, email address and contact preferences; and information about the YGG products you own, such as their serial numbers and date of purchase. We may collect the text of your communications, such as your questions, comments, or compliments about our products or services. We also may create event logs that are useful in diagnosing product or app performance related issues, and capture information relating to the support or service issue. We use this information to provide you with customer and product support. We may access your YGG account in order to assist us in providing you the necessary assistance. To improve customer service, subject to applicable laws, we may also record, monitor, and/or review conversations with customer support representatives, and analyze any feedback provided to us through voluntary customer surveys. We may use your comments or compliments, without identifying you by your full name, as testimonials in our advertising or marketing. When you are connected to YGG services When you are connected to our services via custom applications (apps), we collect information such as your IP address and unique device ID. We associate your unique device ID with information that you may have used to register for certain services or purchase products. Server logs that are maintained by us or by our third-party service providers contain information about the services that you have used, and your device-specific information. We use your IP address or unique device ID address to track device-event information such as crashes, system activity and hardware settings, and also to control access to certain services or applications. Other Uses of Personal Information by YGG YGG may use Personal Information for internal statistical, marketing or operational purposes, including generating sales reports and measuring and understanding demographic, user interest, purchasing and other trends among our customers. Entities with which YGG may share personal information With social network providers From time to time, we may provide email addresses of selected YGG customers who have opted in to receiving marketing correspondence about YGG products and apps to social network providers, so they can help us display advertisements on the social network pages of other users who share common qualities (e.g., demographics and interests) with the selected YGG customers. If you sign up to be notified by email when a YGG product or app will be available for purchase, in addition to using your email address to notify you when that product or app becomes available for purchase, we may also provide your email address to social network providers, so they can help us to display advertisements about that product or app on your social network pages. With service providers We use third party service providers to help us to administer certain activities on our behalf, such as fulfilling purchases and shipping products, processing credit card payments, sending emails, providing advertisements, analyzing usage of our websites and apps, tracking effectiveness of our marketing campaigns, and allowing users to connect to their social network. We may share Personal Information about you with such third party service providers to the extent necessary for the sole purpose of enabling them to perform services on our behalf. Ad event logs If you choose to use YGG apps that contain advertisements, we may collect information such as which advertisements were viewed, how often they were clicked and how often certain actions such as saving a coupon or calling or routing to a location corresponding to an advertisement were performed so that the advertising providers can provide you with content and advertising that might be of interest to you. We may disclose Personal Information about you to others if we have your consent to do so in such form of consent as may be required under applicable law. Subject to applicable laws in your jurisdiction, we may also disclose Personal Information about you to others as we believe to be necessary or appropriate: (a) under applicable law or regulation, including laws or regulations outside your country of residence; (b) to comply with legal process; (c) to respond to lawful requests from public authorities and law enforcement officials (including officials outside your country of residence) for purposes such as satisfying national security or law enforcement requirements; (d) to assist or support theft investigations involving YGG products or property, (e) to enforce any of our terms and conditions or policies; (f) to protect our operations or those of any of our affiliates and subsidiaries; (g) to protect the rights, privacy, safety or property of YGG, its affiliates and subsidiaries, you or others; or (h) to permit us to pursue available remedies or limit the damages that we may sustain. We may also transfer Personal Information to an affiliate, a subsidiary or a third party in the event of any reorganization, merger, sale, joint venture, assignment, transfer or other disposition of all or any portion of YGG's business, assets or stock, including, without limitation, in connection with any bankruptcy or similar proceeding. In addition, we may transfer Personal Information across borders, outside of your country or jurisdiction around the world. In such cases, we will ensure that the country provides adequate protections or that the recipients are subject to appropriate safeguards including EU approved standard contract clauses. YGG will contractually require all third parties with whom it shares personal information to safeguard such information consistent with the terms of this Policy. Ways you may share personal information or consent to YGG sharing your personal information: Message boards, forums Some YGG websites and apps have message boards, forums, chat functionality, blogs, and similar features through which you can post information, messages and materials. Please note that any information you disclose through such services or otherwise on our sites may become public information and may be available to visitors to the sites and to the general public. We urge you to exercise discretion and caution when deciding to disclose Personal Information, or any other information, on our websites or apps. Cookies and similar technology Links, third party apps, and third parties’ privacy practices YGG takes reasonable security measures to help protect against loss, misuse, unauthorized access and unauthorized disclosure or alteration of the Personal Information under its control. Policy with respect to children Our websites and apps are not directed to individuals under the age of 13, and we request that individuals under 13 not provide Personal Information to YGG through any YGG website or through our apps. If we learn that we have collected the Personal Information from a child under 13, we will take steps to delete the information as soon as possible. Retention of personal information Data Subject Rights for EU Residents EU residents have certain rights regarding their Personal Information under the GDPR. These rights include: Right to Request Access You may request details of Personal Information which we hold about you. Upon request, we will provide a copy of such personal information within a reasonable timeframe, generally within 1 month. Right to Rectification If you believe that any Personal Information that we are holding on you is incorrect or incomplete, please contact us as soon as possible, at the address below. We will promptly correct any personal information found to be incorrect. Right to Object You may choose to object to the collection or use of your Personal Information: - whenever information is processed for the legitimate interest of YGG. - whenever information is processed for a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in YGG. Please note that your objection may be overridden by the legitimate interests of YGG to process and collect your Personal Information. You also have the right to object to the processing or your Personal Information for direct marketing purpose. Right to Erasure To the extent legally permissible, you may be entitled to have certain Personal Information erased in the following circumstances: - The Personal Information is no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which it was collected or processed. - You object to the collection or use of your Personal Information and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for the processing. - The Personal Information has been unlawfully processed. - The Personal Information has reached the defined retention period to be erased or for compliance with a legal obligation to which YGG is subject. Right to Restriction of Processing You may have the right to restrict further processing of your Personal Information in the following situations: - You contest the accuracy of the Personal Information. - The processing of the information is unlawful. - The Personal Information YGG has reached the defined retention period no longer needs the personal information for the purposes of the processing, but you require the Personal Information to establish, exercise, or defend legal claims. - Your objection to the processing may be restricted pending the verification of whether YGG’s legitimate grounds override your rights as a data subject. Right to Portability You have the right to receive your Personal Information in a structured, commonly used and machine-readable format. YGG will assist in the transmission of such data to another entity, upon request, to the extent technically feasible. Right not to be subject to Automated Decision-Making or Profiling You have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning you or similarly significantly affects you. How you can exercise your rights YGG takes reasonable steps to help ensure that the Personal Information we collect from you is accurate, complete and current. You may edit your information at https://line6.com/account or https://ampeg.com/account, depending on whether you registered for a Line 6 or Ampeg account (or both). You may request access to your Personal Information and request that erroneous or inaccurate Personal Information be updated. You may also request that your Personal Information and YGG account be deleted. YGG will respond promptly to your requests in accordance with applicable law. For your protection, we may only implement requests with respect to the Personal Information associated with the email address that you use to send us your request, and we may need to verify your identity before implementing your request. We may decline to process requests that jeopardize the privacy of others, are extremely impractical, or would cause us to take any action that is not permissible under applicable laws. Additionally, as permitted by applicable laws, we may need to retain certain Personal Information for a longer period for recordkeeping purposes, such as retaining records relating to your purchases for warranty or accounting purposes. Requests can be made as follows: U.S. Mail to: YAMAHA GUITAR GROUP, INC., ATTN: LEGAL DEPARTMENT, 26580 AGOURA ROAD, CALABASAS, CA 91302. You may also direct your request via e-mail to: [email protected]. Your California privacy rights This PRIVACY NOTICE FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS supplements the information contained in this Privacy Statement and applies solely to visitors, users, and others who reside in the State of California. YGG adopts this notice to comply with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) and other California privacy laws. Any terms defined in the CCPA have the same meaning when used in this notice. YGG collects various types of personally identifiable information about you during our customer relationship. In particular, we have collected the following categories of personal information from consumers within the last twelve (12) months: A real name, alias, postal address, unique personal identifier, online identifier, Internet Protocol address, email address, or other similar identifiers. B. Personal information categories listed in the California Customer Records statute (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.80(e)). A name, signature, Social Security number, physical characteristics or description, address, telephone number, passport number, driver's license or state identification card number, insurance policy number, education, employment, employment history, bank account number, credit card number, debit card number, or any other financial information, medical information, or health insurance information. Some personal information included in this category may overlap with other categories. C. Protected classification characteristics under California or federal law. Age (40 years or older), race, color, ancestry, national origin, citizenship, religion or creed, marital status, medical condition, physical or mental disability, sex (including gender, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy or childbirth and related medical conditions), sexual orientation, veteran or military status, genetic information (including familial genetic information). D. Commercial information. Records of personal property, products or services purchased, obtained, or considered, or other purchasing or consuming histories or tendencies. E. Biometric information. Genetic, physiological, behavioral, and biological characteristics, or activity patterns used to extract a template or other identifier or identifying information, such as, fingerprints, faceprints, and voiceprints, iris or retina scans, keystroke, gait, or other physical patterns, and sleep, health, or exercise data. F. Internet or other similar network activity. Browsing history, search history, information on a consumer's interaction with a website, application, or advertisement. G. Geolocation data. Physical location or movements. H. Sensory data. Audio, electronic, visual, thermal, olfactory, or similar information. I. Professional or employment-related information. Current or past job history or performance evaluations. J. Non-public education information (per the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g, 34 C.F.R. Part 99)). Education records directly related to a student maintained by an educational institution or party acting on its behalf, such as grades, transcripts, class lists, student schedules, student identification codes, student financial information, or student disciplinary records. K. Inferences drawn from other personal information. Profile reflecting a person's preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes. Personal information does not include: - Publicly available information from government records. - De-identified or aggregated consumer information. - Information excluded from the CCPA's scope, like: - health or medical information covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA) or clinical trial data; - personal information covered by certain sector-specific privacy laws, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FRCA), the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) or California Financial Information Privacy Act (FIPA), and the Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994. We obtain the categories of personal information listed above from the following categories of sources: - Directly from our clients or their agents. - Indirectly from our clients or their agents. - Directly and indirectly from activity on our website. For example, from submissions through our website portal or website usage details collected automatically. - From third parties that interact with us in connection with the services we perform. Use of Personal Information We may use or disclose the personal information we collect for one or more of the following business purposes: - To fulfill or meet the reason for which the information is provided. - To provide you with information, products or services that you request from us. - To provide you with email alerts, event registrations and other notices concerning our products or services, or events or news, that may be of interest to you. - To carry out our obligations and enforce our rights arising from any contracts entered into between you and us, including for billing and collections. - To improve our website and present its contents to you. - For testing, research, analysis and product development. - As necessary or appropriate to protect the rights, property or safety of us, our clients or others. - To respond to law enforcement requests and as required by applicable law, court order, or governmental regulations. - As described to you when collecting your personal information or as otherwise set forth in the CCPA. - To evaluate or conduct a merger, divestiture, restructuring, reorganization, dissolution, or other sale or transfer of some or all of our assets, whether as a going concern or as part of bankruptcy, liquidation, or similar proceeding, in which personal information held by us is among the assets transferred. We will not collect additional categories of personal information or use the personal information we collected for materially different, unrelated, or incompatible purposes without providing you notice. Sharing Personal Information We may disclose your personal information to a third party for a business purpose. When we disclose personal information for a business purpose, we enter a contract that describes the purpose and requires the recipient to both keep that personal information confidential and not use it for any purpose except performing the contract. In the preceding twelve (12) months, we have disclosed the following categories of personal information for a business purpose: Category A: Identifiers. Category B: California Customer Records personal information categories. Category C: Protected classification characteristics under California or federal law. Category D: Commercial information. Category F: Internet or other similar network activity. Category G: Geolocation data. We disclose your personal information for a business purpose to the following categories of third parties: - Our affiliates. - Service providers. - Third parties to whom you or your agents authorize us to disclose your personal information in connection with products or services we provide to you. In the preceding twelve (12) months, we have not sold any personal information. Your Rights and Choices The CCPA provides consumers (California residents) with specific rights regarding their personal information. This section describes your CCPA rights and explains how to exercise those rights. Access to Specific Information and Data Portability Rights You have the right to request that we disclose certain information to you about our collection and use of your personal information over the past 12 months. Once we receive and confirm your verifiable consumer request, if specified, we will disclose to you: - The categories of personal information we collected about you. - The categories of sources for the personal information we collected about you. - Our business or commercial purpose for collecting or selling that personal information. - The categories of third parties with whom we share that personal information. - The specific pieces of personal information we collected about you (also called a data portability request). - If we sold or disclosed your personal information for a business purpose, two separate lists disclosing: - sales, identifying the personal information categories that each category of recipient purchased; and - disclosures for a business purpose, identifying the personal information categories that each category of recipient obtained. Deletion Request Rights You have the right to request that we delete any of your personal information that we collected from you and retained, subject to certain exceptions. Once we receive and confirm your verifiable consumer request, we will delete (and direct our service providers to delete) your personal information from our records, unless an exception applies. We may deny your deletion request if retaining the information is necessary for us or our service providers to: - Complete the transaction for which we collected the personal information, provide a good or service that you requested, take actions reasonably anticipated within the context of our ongoing business relationship with you, or otherwise perform our contract with you. - Detect security incidents, protect against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent, or illegal activity, or prosecute those responsible for such activities. - Debug products to identify and repair errors that impair existing intended functionality. - Exercise free speech, ensure the right of another consumer to exercise their free speech rights, or exercise another right provided for by law. - Comply with the California Electronic Communications Privacy Act (Cal. Penal Code § 1546 seq.). - Engage in public or peer-reviewed scientific, historical, or statistical research in the public interest that adheres to all other applicable ethics and privacy laws, when the information's deletion may likely render impossible or seriously impair the research's achievement, if you previously provided informed consent. - Enable solely internal uses that are reasonably aligned with consumer expectations based on your relationship with us. - Comply with a legal obligation. - Make other internal and lawful uses of that information that are compatible with the context in which you provided it. Exercising Access, Data Portability, and Deletion Rights To exercise the access, data portability, and deletion rights described above, please submit a verifiable consumer request to us by either: Only you or a person registered with the California Secretary of State that you authorize to act on your behalf, may make a verifiable consumer request related to your personal information. You may also make a verifiable consumer request on behalf of your minor child. You may only make a verifiable consumer request for access or data portability twice within a 12-month period. The verifiable consumer request must: - Provide sufficient information that allows us to reasonably verify you are the person about whom we collected personal information or an authorized representative. - Describe your request with sufficient detail that allows us to properly understand, evaluate, and respond to it. We cannot respond to your request or provide you with personal information if we cannot verify your identity or authority to make the request and confirm the personal information relates to you. Making a verifiable consumer request does not require you to create an account with us. We will only use personal information provided in a verifiable consumer request to verify the requestor's identity or authority to make the request. Response Timing and Format We endeavor to respond to a verifiable consumer request within 45 days of its receipt. If we require more time (up to 90 days), we will inform you of the reason and extension period in writing. If you have an account with us, we will deliver our written response to that account. If you do not have an account with us, we will deliver our written response by mail or electronically, at your option. Any disclosures we provide will only cover the 12-month period preceding the verifiable consumer request's receipt. The response we provide will also explain the reasons we cannot comply with a request, if applicable. For data portability requests, we will select a format to provide your personal information that is readily useable and should allow you to transmit the information from one entity to another entity without hindrance. We do not charge a fee to process or respond to your verifiable consumer request unless it is excessive, repetitive, or manifestly unfounded. If we determine that the request warrants a fee, we will tell you why we made that decision and provide you with a cost estimate before completing your request. We will not discriminate against you for exercising any of your CCPA rights. Unless permitted by the CCPA, we will not: - Deny you goods or services. - Charge you different prices or rates for goods or services, including through granting discounts or other benefits, or imposing penalties. - Provide you a different level or quality of goods or services. - Suggest that you may receive a different price or rate for goods or services or a different level or quality of goods or services. Your choices regarding marketing correspondence Newsletter Subscription Information - From time to time, we would like to provide you with information in the form of electronic newsletters. You may subscribe to receive electronic newsletters and information, without registering a product, by submitting your email address, phone number, or other relevant information at which you wish to be contacted. Service Email Links We may place email links on the Website to allow you to contact us directly. The Personal Information you provide in these email links is used to respond directly to your questions or comments. We may also file your comments to improve the Website, or review and discard the Personal Information. All information, other than Personal Information, that you send to YGG using these email links will not be considered or treated as confidential information. Do not send us any information, ideas, suggestions, proposals, or comments that you consider confidential or that you want to be treated as confidential. If you opt-in to receiving direct marketing communications from us, then we may use your Personal Information to send you marketing-related correspondence (including emails) related to YGG products or apps. To opt-out of receiving marketing-related correspondence from YGG, please click "Unsubscribe Here" from any marketing email you receive from YGG. Last updated February 10, 2021

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2024-04-21T18:30:13Z

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At Blockpass, we are reviving our regular podcasts about compliance and regulation in crypto and blockchain. This episode's participants include Adam Vaziri, Blockpass CEO, and Hans Lombardo, Blockpass CMO. The topic of discussion is the recent sanctions of Tornado Cash by the US Treasury Department's OFAC. Hans : Hi, I am Hans Lombardo, co-founder and CMO of Blockpass. Happy to be the MC today for the revival of the Blockpass Show - our podcast about compliance and regulation in Crypto and Blockchain.I am here today with Blockpass co-founder and CEO Adam Vaziri. Hi Adam. Hans: Let me provide an introduction of our topic today, which is the infamous Tornado Cash. Then we will get started with some questions. Last week the US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) did something that rocked the crypto world, already hit in recent months by the collapses of Luna token, Celsius Network, Voyager and others. The shocking news for many was OFAC sanctioning virtual currency mixer Tornado Cash. OFAC stated that Tornado Cash “…has been used to launder more than $7 billion worth of virtual currency since its creation in 2019. This includes over $455 million stolen by the Lazarus Group, a Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) state-sponsored hacking group that was sanctioned by the U.S. in 2019, in the largest known virtual currency heist to date. Tornado Cash was subsequently used to launder more than $96 million of malicious cyber actors’ funds derived from the June 24, 2022 Harmony Bridge Heist, and at least $7.8 million from the August 2, 2022 Nomad Heist. Today’s action is being taken pursuant to Executive Order (E.O.) 13694, as amended, and follows OFAC’s May 6, 2022 designation of virtual currency mixer Blender.io (Blender).” (https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0916) Hans: Adam, what is a crypto mixer? What happened in the case of Tornado Cash? Adam: Sure, well, thanks everyone for being able to join us today on this. So there are some complicated details of course, and we will try to unpack them as best as we possibly can. The first question is, what is a mixer. In basic terms it is what it says on the tin. You put funds within this smart contract on a blockchain and those funds. You can then designate to transfer or deliver funds to another address But when the funds are delivered to another address, the source or the linkage to the original source is broken. And that operates in a very simple way in respect to Tornado Cash. There are people that put all of their money in a pool. And within that pool, everyone registers into this pool, and then people that put their money into the pool so it's USDC and other stable coins or Ether. They're then able to exit from another door and when they execute the other door, the transaction is happening from the pool to the exit so it breaks the linkage. Of course, if you go there deposit and then withdraw immediately, then you can somehow see the connection between the two but I mean even on the Tornado Cash website, it says please delay between making a deposit, making withdrawal. So it's actually relatively something simple technically, for a system like Ethereum. I mean simple in the sense of the basic logic. But the goal here is just to disseminate the origin of the funds. Hans: So there's been an argument - a huge backlash from the crypto community crypto enthusiasts on social media, were saying that the sanctioning of Tornado Cash code falls under free speech protection laws. That it’s actually against free speech is what they were trying to argue quite vehemently. What do you think about that? Is this violation of free speech? Hans: Could you also argue that the code actually there's a direct correlation between the code and what happens from the code where free speech is something that it could it's just like Donald Trump saying something that provokes people to do something that is very hard to say, to draw causation where the code, you could say, Okay, this code did this, it could cause a cascade on the internet or something like that. Right? It's a software bomb. And so, so in that sense, it's a bit different from speech. Would you agree with that? Adam: Yeah, I mean, I, first of all, I just disagree that compiled code is speech. That's first thing. And then the second thing is the interference of people's right to use the code, which essentially, is what OFAC have done. They have said you are prohibited from interacting with this piece of code. By saying that, it means if anyone does interact, they're breaching sanctions. But the question really is whether that in intervention, is just and proportionate in the circumstances. And these are not like legal, technical terms, but it's a way of evaluating interferences in general of one's human rights. In this situation, you mentioned.. Yeah, it could be a ticking time bomb effectively, to just let them you know, do damage is, I mean, largely negligence, if you just sit there and observe this item, causing damage to other people's lives. And there are victims in this case, from the hacking attempts that have occurred, of course, and those those persons have to be borne in mind when, when thinking about what is the remedy. But we have to also know, of course, it has produced a really some unintended consequences, this action. So by saying, you cannot interact with this, the result has been some people have decided to use Tornado Cash to then send funds to bonafide participants as a kind of financial doxing in a way. You know, they call it dusting wallets, essentially. And the result of that is you now pass the obligation on to that person. And to be clear with the obligation is, those funds are blocked in Tornado Cash. And if you have your funds, yeah. Hans: Can I ask you about that? So those funds are blocked now but let's get to the nitty gritty of what what's happening in that block. For example, why was circle forced to block blacklist or block certain wallets because that in effect caused a lot of people issues, right? Because they weren't able to get their funds? Adam: That's it. Yeah, that's, that's a really interesting question about circles involvement, I mean, USDC had been used within Tornado Cash as one of the accepted Kryptos. As, as you may know, circle, although it has created a kind of bearer instrument, which is USDC I transfers do not require KYC. It does have the ability to essentially blacklist wallets, which essentially removes from that account the ability to transfer, they can do that remotely. And so when the order came out, the order is drafted in a manner that all persons or US persons selected as a US person are bound by the order. And although it's not their property, it's the property of other people that have USDC deposited with Tornado Cash, they take it upon themselves, that from probably from a risk point of view, that they have to comply with this order themselves, even though it is not necessarily their property that has been blocked. Hans: Okay. Now, the other part of this is that there was a developer arrested, I believe in Holland. And we know it's in relation to the Tornado Cash, sanctioning. If that's the case, oh, how are so how are developers of the smart, contract driven DeFi platforms like Tornado Cash? How are they in legal jeopardy because of money laundering bad actors using those platforms? Adam: Yeah. In that situation, we actually don't know what the facts are. There was a press release on the Dutch Dutch release, the press release referred to facilitation on that money laundering that was the description. And then referenced the fact that he was a development when either cash now really plain interpretation, you're not facilitating money laundering if you're writing code and contributing to an open source project, at least not directly by any means. And I doubt I mean, my personal opinion, is that there's more to this. And yes, of course, if the person has been prosecuted for writing code, then you go back to this question of freedom of expression, and the right to share ideas and you know, contribute to common knowledge, and all of these, all of these aspects kick in where you want to have some human rights protection, of course, but we don't know what the facts are. And of course, crypto community is coincidental the timing are quite sensitive to a piece of news like that they feel like, you know, the walls are closing in. Hans: Is that is the this is tornado cache that we're referring to an installation of an open source software code. And is it not necessarily development of that code, but the installation of it, meaning that setting it up, launching it, pushing the start button, and then letting it go automatically? Then after that, there's no one? I assume keeping it going? I don't know. But is the person that press that start button that developer, programmer or technical person in legal Jeopardy? Adam: That's never really been tested yet. These questions of like the ceremony of starting a unstoppable smart contract, like someone has to press a button somewhere, right. But even if you were pressing that button, it's not clear directly what that offense would be. you're deploying. you're deploying compiled code onto a blockchain, that transaction of it in of itself. You need to be very specific about what that offense might be. Yeah, but of course, these are very specific actions and facts. And we need to look at, of course, the the legal circumstances around that. But I think in this case, when you know, someone contributing source code, if they are being prosecuted for that they would have a very strong defense. And, and the facts in question, we don't know, the full details. So I think people are jumping to conclusions on that case. And of course, it's an ongoing investigation. So the police don't exactly and provide all the details. Hans: Could it be possible that OFAC wasn't really intentionally targeting developers of software code? That is really more about the circle? You know, wallet addresses, like in Circles case? One? Things like that, you know, so because because I'm wondering, are they thinking, Okay, this is going to result in the rest of developers who start, you know, launch this thing or build the software? Is that what they're thinking when they make these kinds of sanctions? Or they because they're sanctioning the official application? Which is quite odd. Adam: Yes, it is very odd. And, and of course, it's never been done. But then you would never sanction an application in a normal context, because you just go in and shut down the servers, you'll get a warrant for the building and go in, shut down the servers or send it to AWS and do the same. So you wouldn't need to sanction the application is because it's a distributed system that you have to sanction the application to effectively halt its continued usage. There, you know, I doubt that the question here is about going after depths. Really. The key thing here is this, this tool has been used by knowing money launderers and property of money launderers, maybe inside the tool at the point when the sanctions order was issued, and that property has to be seized. It's that simple. And the action of seizing causes collateral damage, the collateral damage is simply and other people have their money tied up in the pool as well. And the question is, what recourse do they have well, There is a procedure whereby they can apply to OFAC for license to withdraw their funds from the address from the application. And although the crypto community and making out that this is a really complex, arduous process, it is recourse that is available to people. It's not there, they don't have any recourse whatsoever. And, yeah, I think that that's a point to note. You know, another point that was raised was essentially, because effectively there's no intermediary behind Tornado Cash. There's no one to liaise with as to what remedies people have and knowing kind of go between with OFAC and the customers that have been affected. But you don't really need that, frankly speaking because the application is unaffected, technically speaking, from the order that's come through from OFAC. So all you need to do is get the license from OFAC, press a button on Metamask and get your funds back. There are a set of unintended consequences. To a certain degree talks about the dusting issue. There are technicalities that OFAC will need to clarify. I mean you can't have a situation effectively where people are causing upon you an administrative burden and criminal liability potentially if you aren't aware of it by just sending you fund some Tornado Cash. So there are definitely some complexities there that will need to be clarified by OFAC. But frankly speaking and in any situation where they're introducing a novel mode of enforcement ever going to be unexpected consequences that that that arise from that. Hans: So my next question is, are there other platform platforms like Tornado Cash, or or somewhat… what I'm referring to is anonymous DeFi platforms? Could other ones be under threat from OFAC or regulatory sanctions? Assuming enough? It seems to be that the more money that goes into these platforms, the more attention they get from regulators, like OFAC or other regulators. Are there other platforms that are under threat like that? Adam: Yeah, I mean, I think anyone that is involved in or using mixing services are dealing with very, very high risk systems, systems that can be exploited, essentially. And I completely understand that there's a legitimate need for privacy, especially in regards to Ethereum. Because then account based blockchain or there are other, there are other means of achieving that end. For instance, if I wanted the same effect as using Tornado Cash legitimately, I would simply just deposit onto an exchange and withdraw to another address. And then I would have simulated the origin of the funds in relation to third parties that may be spying on me on the blockchain, but I would have done so in a compliant manner. And so I think MC mixes are under threat. Most definitely. Hans: With platforms like Uniswap or Quickswap, could there be potential sanctions? I mean this question of threat of sanction from OFAC and also security regulators, who want because ultimately, because people can go through Uniswap from any kind of geographical location, get, receive and send tokens or sell tokens and buy tokens which in United States, for example, most of them are considered unlicensed securities. So what platforms might be under threat? Adam: There may be some consequences for DeFi in general. So I think these platforms they already have some degree of compliance. For instance, a lot of them are operating the front end of the website. And as a result, they have to enable sanction screening. So when people can exit when you go to Uniswap their main website and you connect your wallet, they do an sanctions screen on the wallet. And that's why a lot of people are quite disgruntled with this because they're getting locked out of Uniswap, Aave etc because the frontend is picking up that they have a Tornado Cash association. Hans: Are there solutions like that, that would allow some anonymity and can be used for mainstream of people that will still consider privacy but for example a compliance layer being embedded in these platforms? Adam: I mean, I think for those that say, well, I don't want to deposit with Coinbase or withdrawal from Coinbase. I want to do this in a non-custodial way. At present that doesn’t exist - a compliant mixer, but one could see such tools can be built. It is not so inconceivable, but that the ethos of crypto at least at present is one of permissionlessness. The result of that ethos is it looks like it's creeping more towards lawlessness. And I think there needs to be somewhat of a compromise taken here. I don't think we can bring crypto to the masses, to a mainstream audience, taking a highly radical view certainly permission surround permissionlessness. Also there's there's some real problematic areas. But if OFAC has decided to target distributed application itself, for essentially nefarious actions, and then people argue that well, that application doesn't belong to anyone. It is distributed. It is decentralized etc. that the argument of using decentralization to avoid legal enforcement is starting to fall away which then brings you to the next layer, which is do validators now, in Ethereum network or other blockchain networks continue to consider their own liability. And there'll be questions that arise from this and I think they're taking a very radical view regarding decentralization at all costs is not going to be conducive to finding a solution to this problem. The solution to this problem has been trying to find the balance view which on the one hand maintains part of the ethos of crypto which is user empowerment, and on the other hand, addresses the real world laws that apply today and political imperatives. Without compromise between the two, it is likely to result in marginalization, not embracing of crypto. Hans: Is there any sort of other news regarding compliance and sanctions in crypto - recent news that you could talk about? Adam: Just a few pieces of news. What we can see now is that the EU has introduced a new regime called MiCA. This regime would require the registration of virtual assets and is likely to come into force this year, with a rollout implementation period of a couple of years from then, because EU law tends to be issued as a directive and then each state has a period of time to bring into force within their own jurisdiction. We’re also seeing in the EU, they are going to introduce a specific regulator of crypto for AML purposes. That would be the first assigned regulator to deal with crypto industry, which is very interesting. Aside from that, we can see that in US market, of course, there's this ongoing discussion about securities about how that's gonna play out over the coming months or year and the treatment of tokens in general, which regulator is going to take charge of these tokens. Is it going to be CFTC? Is it going to be the SEC? And the consequences of that. But yeah, we will certainly keep everyone tuned in with all the regulatory updates and make sure that people are on the ball and understand the consequences. You know, opposition, of course of at Blockpass is that we want to enable compliance for the crypto industry. Because our goal is that this enters the mainstream and for it to enter the mainstream there needs to be some realism around the role of crypto, legal and regulated context. Hans: Yeah. And to add to that… in Blockpass building of sort of blockchain compliance or crypto compliance solutions, and software, we have the user in mind, that the user-centricity in mind is important, I'm sure you agree that the users we want the users to continue to control their data and ultimately be in the driver's seat. Hans: Absolutely. I think the challenge ahead is to be able to achieve mainstream adoption, we have on the one hand achieve compliance, and on the other hand, decentralization and data protection…all in one. So there's three separate challenges. means that when we build a product, it has to be able to tick all those boxes and address those directly. Hans: Well, thank you, Adam, for talking to us and it's a pleasure to listen to someone who's so expert in the field. Maybe in the next call or the next show, we can talk about more about European regulations in crypto on the call. And so you know, good bye everyone!

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://www.blockpass.org/2022/08/17/the-blockpass-show-adam-vaziri-discusses-tornado-cash-sanctioning/index.html

2024-04-21T18:26:02Z

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STOCKHOLDER SUPPORT AGREEMENT This Stockholder Support Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of March 13, 2024, by and among (i) Michael Seifert (the “Holder”) and the undersigned Investors (together, the “Investors”). Any capitalized term used but not defined in this Agreement will have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Note Purchase Agreements. WHEREAS, contemporaneously herewith, PSQ Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) and each of the Investors entered into a Note Purchase Agreements (the “Note Purchase Agreements”) pursuant to which such Investor will purchase from the Company convertible promissory notes (the “Notes”). WHEREAS, as a condition to the willingness of the Investors to enter into the Note Purchase Agreements and as an inducement and in consideration therefor, the Holder desires to enter into this Agreement in order for Holder to provide certain assurances to the Investors regarding the manner in which Holder is bound hereunder to vote any shares of capital stock of the Company which Holder beneficially owns, acquires, holds or otherwise has voting power (the “Shares”) during the period from and including the date hereof through and including the date on which this Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms (the “Voting Period”) with respect to the Note Purchase Agreements. WHEREAS, for all purposes hereunder, (i) any actions or determinations to be made by or with respect to Investors shall be made by the Investor(s) holding, as of the relevant date, a majority in interest of the then outstanding Note Securities, as such term is defined in the Note Purchase Agreements and (ii) any notices or other items deliverable to the Investors shall be delivered to each Investors in accordance with Section 4(g) hereof. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises set forth above, which are incorporated in this Agreement as if fully set forth below, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereby agree as follows: |Covenant to Vote in Favor of Transactions. Holder agrees, with respect to all of the Shares: |To support and to vote in favor of any proposals presented to holders of Company Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class C Shares”), in connection with the Note Purchase Agreements or the Notes, to the extent such approvals are sought in the Company’s sole discretion; and |Except for transfers expressly permitted by, and effected in accordance with, Section 2(b), not to deposit, except as provided in this Agreement, any Shares owned by Holder or its affiliates in a voting trust or subject any Shares to any arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of such Shares, unless specifically requested to do so by the Investors in connection with the Note Purchase Agreements. |No Transfers. Holder agrees that during the Voting Period it shall not, without the Investors’ prior written consent, (i) offer for sale, sell (including short sales), transfer, tender, pledge, encumber, assign or otherwise dispose of (including by gift) (collectively, a “Transfer”), or enter into any contract, option, derivative, hedging or other agreement or arrangement or understanding (including any profit-sharing arrangement) with respect to, or consent to, a Transfer of, any or all of the Shares; (ii) grant any proxies or powers of attorney with respect to any or all of the Shares; (iii) permit to exist any lien of any nature whatsoever (other than those imposed by this Agreement, applicable securities laws or the Company’s organizational documents, as in effect on the date hereof) with respect to any or all of the Shares; or (iv) take any action that would have the effect of preventing, impeding, interfering with or adversely affecting Holder’s ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement. Holder agrees with, and covenants to, the Investors that Holder shall not request that the Company register the Transfer (book-entry or otherwise) of any certificate or uncertificated interest representing any Security during the term of this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Investors, and the Company hereby agrees that it shall not effect any such Transfer. |Permitted Transfers. Section 2(a) shall not prohibit a Transfer of Shares by Holder (i) to any family member or trust for the benefit of any family member, (ii) to any stockholder, member or partner of Holder, if an entity, (iii) to any affiliate of Holder, or (iv) to any person or entity if and to the extent required by any non-consensual order, by divorce decree or by will, intestacy or other similar applicable law, so long as, in the case of the foregoing clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), the assignee or transferee agrees to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and executes and delivers to the parties hereto a written consent and joinder memorializing such agreement. |Representations and Warranties of Holder. Holder hereby represents and warrants to the Investors as follows: |Binding Agreement. Holder is of legal age to execute this Agreement and is legally competent to do so. This Agreement, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery hereof by the other parties hereto, constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Holder, enforceable against Holder in accordance with its terms (except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditor’s rights, and to general equitable principles). Holder understands and acknowledges that the Investors is entering into the Note Purchase Agreements in reliance upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Holder. |Ownership of Securities. As of the date hereof, Holder has beneficial ownership over the type and number of the Shares and, to the extent applicable, the other securities issued by the Company set forth under Holder’s name on the signature page hereto (collectively, the “Securities”), is the lawful owner of such Securities, has the sole power to vote or cause to be voted such Securities (to the extent such Securities have associated voting rights), and has good and valid title to such Securities, free and clear of any and all pledges, mortgages, encumbrances, charges, proxies, voting agreements, liens, adverse claims, options, security interests and demands of any nature or kind whatsoever, other than those imposed by this Agreement, applicable securities Laws, the Company’s organizational documents or the Stockholders, in each case as in effect on the date hereof. |No Conflicts. No filing with, or notification to, any Governmental Authority, and no consent, approval, authorization or permit of any other person is necessary for the execution of this Agreement by Holder, the performance of its obligations hereunder or the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby. None of the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Holder, the performance of its obligations hereunder or the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby shall (i) conflict with or result in any breach of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other comparable organizational documents of Holder, if applicable, (ii) result in, or give rise to, a violation or breach of or a default under any of the terms of any Contract or obligation to which Holder is a party or by which Holder or any of the Securities or its other assets may be bound, or (iii) violate any applicable Law or Order, except for any of the foregoing in clauses (i) through (iii) as would not reasonably be expected to impair Holder’s ability to perform its obligations under this Agreement in any material respect. |No Inconsistent Agreements. Holder hereby covenants and agrees that, except for this Agreement and the Stockholders Agreement, Holder (i) has not entered into, nor will enter into at any time while this Agreement remains in effect, any voting agreement or voting trust with respect to the Securities inconsistent with Holder’s obligations pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) has not granted, nor will grant at any time while this Agreement remains in effect, a proxy, a consent or power of attorney with respect to the Securities and (iii) has not entered into any agreement or knowingly taken any action (nor will enter into any agreement or knowingly take any action) that would make any representation or warranty of Holder contained herein untrue or incorrect in any material respect or have the effect of preventing Holder from performing any of its material obligations under this Agreement. |Termination. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, this Agreement shall automatically terminate, and none of the Investors or the Holder shall have any rights or obligations hereunder, upon the earliest to occur of (i) the mutual written consent of the Investors and the Holder, (ii) the Closing (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreements) (following the performance of the obligations of the parties hereunder required to be performed at or prior to the Closing), and (iii) the date of termination of the Note Purchase Agreements in accordance with its terms. The termination of this Agreement shall not prevent any party hereunder from seeking any remedies (at law or in equity) against another party hereto or relieve such party from liability for such party’s willful breach of any terms of this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the provisions of this Section 4(a) shall survive the termination of this Agreement. |Binding Effect; Assignment. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns. This Agreement and all obligations of Holder are personal to Holder and may not be assigned, transferred or delegated by Holder at any time without the prior written consent of the Investors, and any purported assignment, transfer or delegation without such consent shall be null and void ab initio. The Investors may freely assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement, in whole or in part, to any successor entity (whether by merger, consolidation, equity sale, asset sale or otherwise) without obtaining the consent or approval of Holder. |Third Parties. Nothing contained in this Agreement or in any instrument or document executed by any party in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby shall create any rights in, or be deemed to have been executed for the benefit of, any person that is not a party hereto or thereto or a successor or permitted assign of such a party. |Governing Law; Jurisdiction. This Agreement and any dispute or controversy arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflict of law principles thereof. All Actions arising out of or relating to this Agreement shall be heard and determined exclusively in the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware (or, if the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware declines to accept jurisdiction over a particular matter, any U.S. state or federal court located in the State of Delaware (or in any appellate court thereof) (the “Specified Courts”). Each party hereto hereby (i) submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of any Specified Court for the purpose of any Action arising out of or relating to this Agreement brought by any party hereto and (ii) irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert by way of motion, defense or otherwise, in any such Action, any claim that it is not subject personally to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts, that its property is exempt or immune from attachment or execution, that the Action is brought in an inconvenient forum, that the venue of the Action is improper, or that this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby may not be enforced in or by any Specified Court. Each party agrees that a final judgment in any Action shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by Law. Each party irrevocably consents to the service of the summons and complaint and any other process in any other action or proceeding relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, on behalf of itself, or its property, by personal delivery of copies of such process to such party at the applicable address set forth or referred to in Section 4(g). Nothing in this Section 4(d) shall affect the right of any party to serve legal process in any other manner permitted by applicable law. |WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY WAIVES TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY WITH RESPECT TO ANY ACTION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF, UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. EACH PARTY HERETO (i) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF ANY ACTION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THAT FOREGOING WAIVER AND (ii) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 5(e). |Interpretation. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are for convenience only and are not to be considered in construing or interpreting this Agreement. In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: (i) any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa; (ii) “including” (and with correlative meaning “include”) means including without limiting the generality of any description preceding or succeeding such term and shall be deemed in each case to be followed by the words “without limitation”; (iii) the words “herein,” “hereto,” and “hereby” and other words of similar import in this Agreement shall be deemed in each case to refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular section or other subdivision of this Agreement; and (iv) the term “or” means “and/or.” The parties have participated jointly in the negotiation and drafting of this Agreement. Consequently, in the event an ambiguity or question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provision of this Agreement. |Notices. All notices, consents, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when delivered (i) in person, (ii) by facsimile or other electronic means (including email), with affirmative confirmation of receipt, (iii) one Business Day after being sent, if sent by reputable, nationally recognized overnight courier service or (iv) three (3) Business Days after being mailed, if sent by registered or certified mail, pre-paid and return receipt requested, in each case to the applicable party at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice): If to the Investors: If to the Holder: with a copy (which will not constitute notice) to: Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP |Amendments and Waivers. 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https://www.colombierspac.com/sec-filings/content/0001213900-24-022353/ea020160001ex10-10_psqhold.htm

2024-04-21T17:04:39Z

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en

An effective degradation indicator created from the general features is still a hotspot for the condition monitoring of bearing. To cover the shortage of the general features based indicator, some new indicators are built using multiple general features extracted from the original vibration signal without considering the internal relevancy among the features. To address that problem, a new indicator is proposed using the Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projections (ONPP) and 2-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model (2-D HMM). With the ability of keeping the local structure of data set, Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projections is used to obtain the low dimensional features with the main information remained. Unlike 1-Dimensional data-processing algorithm that commonly converts the multiple features into a vector to deal with the high-dimensional data with the integral property of the multiple features considered only, 2-Dimensional Hidden Markov Model not only take the relevance between the individuals of fault features into consideration but also capture the global characteristics of the multiple features. Then a likelihood probability based health assessment indication can be constructed by combing 2-D HMM with the data pre-processed by ONPP. The experiment results indicate that the proposed indicator show great abilities to make degradation performance of the bearing and is sensitive to incipient defects. The machine health assessment has become very important in many mechanical industries as the health condition has a great effect upon the industrial costs and produce safety. Meanwhile, rolling elements bearing as one of the most important components in rotating machinery also has much connection with health degradation performance. Since the bearing is commonly internally mounted and cannot be easily take down, the maintenance of the bearing is generally applied by regular replacement at fixed period which is determined by the experience. Though many diagnostics can be used for bearing fault detection, these methods can be only effective on significant fault which may brings extra damage to the mechanism connecting with the bearing. Therefore, it is very important to real-timely detect the bearing health condition and figure out a maintenance plan at the incipient fault period. Otherwise, an effective health indicator with the sensitive to the initial fault and significant trend from normal to failure is the key element of health assessment. Initially, several kinds of statistics extracted from vibration signal which is one of the most practical measurements are used for health assessment, such as kurtosis, RMS and peak-to-peak value, etc. [1, 2]. However, these general features that contain a lot of background noise cannot be effective to describe the variation tendency of bearing health condition using single feature. Moreover, the degradation indicators made of these features which are highly stochastic have low sensitive to the incipient faults. To overcome that problem, multiple features based indicator has been developed for degradation performance. introduced a new health index based on self-organizing-map (SOM), which used minimum error of the space distance as the index of health condition. Then Huang used this index and back propagation neural network to predict the residual life of rolling elements bearings . Liao used genetic programming to improve the degradation trend . Comparing with the general fault features, these indicator presents better sensitive to incipient fault. However, these general fault features used for the construction of these indicators aren’t pre-processed to eliminate the impact of the background noise which can affect the accuracy of degradation performance. Thus, to extract the most effective information from the general features becomes a big challenge. Yu proposed several novel index based on generative topographic mapping (GTM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Bayes [6, 7]. And the general features used for the construction of these indicators are pre-processed using locality preserving projections and Dynamic principal component analysis, which decrease the negative effects on the effectiveness of health indicator. The above methods that use the integral characteristics of multiple general features to build the indicator don’t consider the internal relevancy among these general features, which can have a great effect on the stochastic and sensitive of the indicator. 2-Dimension Hidden Markov Model (2-D HMM) that has seeped into a wide range of fields is capable to handle stochastic problem of matrix data and presents better effect compared with the above stated cases [8-10]. Moreover, a linear dimensionality reduction algorithm called Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projections (ONPP) arises in many fields of data processing, which can reveal the natural difference of different faults through analyzing and extracting of the inherent structure hidden in the raw feature data . Therefore, in order to enhance the indicator’s sensitive to covert fault and make the remarkable degradation tendency, a new approach is proposed based on ONPP and 2-D HMM. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new indicator for the bearing mounted in complicated structure whose vibration signal is also complex and cannot be extracted effective general features for health assessment. The proposed indicator can present the initial defects and show a significant uptrend with little upward and downward tendency, which is smooth and would be more fit for real-time health monitoring and residual life prediction. As the general features extracted from the original signal contain a lot of background noise, ONPP can reduce the dimensionality of the general features set to eliminate some influence of the noise with the main information remained. After the new feature set is obtained, 2-D HMM with its ability to deal with the stochastic property of the data matrix is used to build the likelihood probability based indicator for degradation performance. Finally, several experimental data are used for validation, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. 2. The principle of the 2-D HMM based degradation indicator In this work, a new health indication is proposed based on 2-D HMM and ONPP. In order to extract sensitive information from the general features, ONPP is used to preprocess the data. Then, the processed data with the 2-D HMM can be used to construct likelihood probability based indicator of bearings. 2.1. The principle of ONPP based features extraction The ONPP is a novel data dimensionality reduction processing technique. ONPP shares some properties with Locally Linear Embedding which can implement the non-linear dimensionality reduction by manifold learning method. This technique aims to reflect the intrinsic geometry of the local neighborhoods with the orthogonal projection. The main idea of this algorithm is to seek an orthogonal mapping of a given data set so that a graph that describes the local geometry can be best preserved. Consider a high dimensional space represented by the data set , which will be mapped to the low dimensional data set Since this algorithm seeks the intrinsic geometric properties of the local neighborhoods, the data point in high dimensional space should find the neighbour points which can be linearly combined into it. Thus, we obtain a objective function: where is the th neighbour point of , and is the weight of the neighbour point . is the linear reconstruction error. Several conditions should be satisfied for the selection of . First, the should be fixed to minimize . Second, if is not in the neighbourhood of , . Third, . The solution of is the conditional least squares problem. The Eq. (1) can be changed as: where is local covariance matrix and . Thus, can be computed by: Then, under the constraint , the reconstruction weight matrix can be obtained as: Since the reconstruction weight matrix reflects the invariance property of the local dimensional reduction, the reconstructed space should follow the weight matrix . Therefore, we can obtain by minimizing the reconstruction error function the same as the method for the solution of . Thus, a new error function is constructed as follow: In this case can be expanded to a sparse matrix with the dimensionality , and . Thus Eq. (5) can be changed as: where , . Then an explicit linear mapping from to is imposed. So, we have for a certain matrix to be determined. Then the objective Eq. (6) becomes: Then note that: Thus, the solution to turns into the solution to the eigenvalue problem of matrix , and the eigenvectors of corresponding to its smallest eigenvalues is . Then the low dimensional data can be obtained as follow: The main steps of the algorithm are shown as follow: 1) Compute the k nearest neighbors of data points 2) Computer the weights which give the best linear reconstruction of each data point by its neighbors. 3) Compute the matrix whose column vectors are the d eigenvectors of: 4) Associated with the smallest eigenvalues. 5) Compute the projected vectors . After the general feature set is preprocessed by ONPP, the new low dimensional set with the local and global geometry of the high dimensional data samples remained can be effectively used for the health degradation performance. 2.2. The likelihood probability indicator based on the 2-D HMM Since the general features set is highly dimensional and contains redundant information, the ONPP is used for processing them to obtain the new features set with low dimension and local important information. However, the new features set is still not effective for degradation performance because of its high- stochastic and low sensitivity to initial fault. Therefore, we use 2-D HMM to construct the health indicator based on likelihood probability. 2-D HMM is evolved from 1-D HMM which is used for 1-D sequence data processing. Although 1-D HMMs can deal with 2-D time series by processing the global property of the 2-D data as the similar with most other recognition algorithm, they are not good models for processing matrix data. To address that problem, 1-D HMM was extended to 2-D HMM which consisted of pseudo 2-D HMM and fully connected 2-D HMM. Here, pseudo 2-D HMM that is relatively simple in comparison to other 2-D HMMs is used in this paper. 2-D HMM that actually is a twofold 1-D HMM consists of a supper 1-D HMM embedded by a simple 1-D HMM. The states of the supper 1-D HMM and the simple 1-D HMM are respectively corresponding to the super-states and simple-states. Every super-state contains a complete 1-D HMM. The model formulation of 2-D HMM can be defined as follows: The super-states are defined as where is the number of the states. The symbol of state at time is expressed as and . The initial probability distribution of super 1-D HMM is expressed as . The transition matrix of the super 1-D HMM is defined as , where , . Since every super-state corresponds to a simple 1-D HMM, the parameters of every 1-D HMM are different. Assume that a simple 1-D HMM in super-state is defined as follow: The states of the simple 1-D HMM are defined as where is the number of the states. The state symbol of the th observation is expressed as and . The transition matrix of the simple 1-D HMM is defined as , where , . The observation matrix is expressed as and , . As with the 1-D HMM, 2-D HMM contains three problems which are respectively likelihood probability computation, decode and model training. In order to build the health index, the solution problem of likelihood probability is introduced here. When a 2-D HMM and a sequence of observations are available, we can calculate the likelihood probability that if the sequence of observations are produced by the given model. First, we compute the probability of a simple 1-D HMM in super-state , which is given by: Then, the iterative computation is used for likelihood probability, which is shown as follow: Then, likelihood probability can be obtained by: The solution of the Eq. (12) should be conducted by the forward-algorithm which with the training algorithm of the 2-D HMM is fully presented in . Since the health data is used for the training of the model, the probability can describe the degree that the actual fetch data deviated from the health status. Thus, likelihood probability can be treated as the health index. The 2-D HMM uses the simple 1-D HMM to deal with the internal data property among the multiply features and uses the super 1-D HMM to deal with the integral property of the features. Thus the 2-D HMM based index can not only conduct the internal and integral characteristics of the multiply general features but also reduce the stochastic effect on time-domain. Under normal circumstances, log likelihood probability (LLP) is negative, to enhance its visualization, negative LLP (NLLP) is treated as a health index in this study. 2.3. The principle of NLLP based health index Vibration is one of the most widely used measurements for diagnostics. Thus, when the vibration signal is obtained, the general features can be computed. Since the general features extracted from original signal contain lots of noises which could cause the indicator to show huge randomness, the first step to build NLLP based degradation indicator is to use ONPP for the pretreatment of the high-dimensional data composed of multiple general features extracted from original signal. In the ONPP based pretreatment, the low dimensional number selected for the construction of indicator is determined according to experience, which sometimes is 2-4. Then, the new low-dimensional health data is used to train 2-D HMM which can represent the characteristic of the health condition. Afterwards, NLLP based index can be utilized for the assessment of the degradation performance when the on-line data is obtained. The data that need to be monitored should be also processed by ONPP to eliminate the negative effects of the noise. Then the negative log likelihood probability can be computed using the 2-D HMM model trained by the health data, which indicates the degree that the monitoring data deviated from the health condition. If the value of negative log likelihood probability is bigger, it indicates the degree that the data deviated from the health condition is bigger. Thus, it can tell that something abnormal may happen. The construction procedure of NLLP based index is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1System framework for bearing performance degradation assessment 3. Experimental verification 3.1. Experimental data In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for degradation performance of rolling elements bearings, several experiments are conducted in this study. The experimental device showed in Fig. 2 consist several main components which are the supporting structure for bearing, transmission shaft, Servo-driven Motor, lubrication system, axial loading device and control system. The experimental bearing type is NSK7010C. Fig. 2Experimental setup: a) is the integral figure of the experimental device; b) is the partial enlarged detail map of supporting structure for bearing In order to accelerate the fatigue, the experimental bearing whose rated axial load is 13.9 kN is working under the high strength operating condition with the axial load 20 kN. The measuring instrument is B&K3560C. Two sensors are used for data collection. One sensor is located on the outside flange while another one is located on the chassis. Four bearings are used in this experiment and every bearing is under the same work condition. The experiment begins as the engine is started. In the experimental process, the computer connecting to the measuring instruments is used for monitoring the vibration amplitude. Once the amplitude becomes large the experiment ends. Then the next bearing can be mounted in the test rig for experiment. The experimental rotating speed is 4000 rm/min, and the sampling frequency is 65536 Hz. Every sampling length of the data segment is 20 s, and the interval of the data segment is 10 min. Four groups of data are used for degradation performance evaluation in this paper. Fig. 3The kurtosis map of the full life Fig. 4The RMS map of the full life Fig. 5The skew map of the full life Fig. 6The peak map of the full life The selection of the general fault features is in accordance with experience. In this paper, four kinds of general fault features are used for condition monitoring, which are kurtosis, root mean square (rms) value, skew, and peak value. The whole life cycle maps of the four groups of data are shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding equations are shown as follow: is the data segment while is the corresponding length. is the variance. and respectively represent third and two order central moment. 3.2. The data processing based on ONPP In this part, the general features will be preprocessed by ONPP, and the eigenvectors with relevant eigenvalues will be obtained. Then we choose several eigenvectors corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues to compute the new low dimensional data as the output, and the number of the eigenvectors selected equals to the dimensional number of the new data. Since two and three-dimensional data distribution of the bearing defect classes can be visualized well in this experiment, we select two and three-dimensional data to construct effect figures which are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 10. Fig. 7 is the two-dimensional figure processed by ONPP while Fig. 10 is the three-dimensional figure processed by ONPP. Several general features are used to construct the two-dimensional and three-dimensional figures for comparison, which is shown in Figs. 8, 9, 11, and 12. As can be seen in Fig. 7 and Fig. 10, the fault classification processed by ONPP is clear whether the first two or three principle elements are chosen. However, the general features based fault classification totally can’t be distinguished, which are shown in Figs. 8, 9, 11, and 12. Therefore, the data processed by ONPP is more effective for fault classification in comparison to the general features. Fig. 7The distribution map of data processed by ONPP with two features Fig. 8The distribution map of kurtosis and rms Fig. 9The distribution map of kurtosis and skew Fig. 10The 3-dimensional distribution map of data processed by ONPP with three features Fig. 11The 3-dimensional distribution map of skew, kurtosis and rms Fig. 12The 3-dimensional distribution map of skew, peak and rms 3.3. The analysis of the 2-D HMM based NLLP indicator A quantification degradation indication can increase the effectiveness of residual life prediction of key machine components. In this part, the new low dimensional data is used for the construction of degradation indicator. The health data is needed for training due to degradation trend of these general fault features. In the figures of these general fault features, the variation tendency of first 20 data points change little and thus the first 20 sample of the processed data can be used for training. The states number of 2-D HMM have little impact on the model, and little applicable method can be utilized for the option of the states number. In application areas of 2-D HMM, the states number is generally below 10 according to the experience. Therefore, 5 simple-states and super-states are chosen to build the 2-D HMM. Since the states of the 2-D HMM do not express practical sense, the initial state distribution and the state transmission matrix can be randomly selected. In order to better train the model, the parameters within the Gaussian mixture function of the 2-D HMM, which are mean, variance, and weights, can be initialized by some clustering algorithms. Fig. 13The NLLP indicator map of the first group of data: b) is partial enlarged detail map of a) With the health data based 2-D HMM trained, the proposed indicator can be made, which is shown in Figs. 13-16. As is shown in these figures, little change can be seen in the first 35 samples which can be regard as the health condition. Then 35 samples later, the degradation tendency present a significant increase compared with the whole life cycle maps of the general features. In Fig. 13, the slight degradation increase can be observed after the 38th data point. From the Fig. 13 to Fig. 16, the same results can also be noticed. But in Figs. 3-6, which show the trend of the general features based indicator, little distinct degradation with a sudden change is shown. Although the kurtosis and RMS can show the implicit fault moment at about the 50th data point in comparison to other general features, they are still far short of the proposed indicator. Otherwise, the tendency of the proposed index is slippery and presents less noise. Briefly, the proposed index can present better degradation trend and more apparent weak-defect compared with the general features. From these figures, the weak-defect threshold can also be chosen in terms of the red line at around 43. Therefore, the proposed indicator is more effective than the indicator based the general features. An extra experiment is added to validate the occurrence of the initial fault which truly happened as the revealing of proposed indicator. As is shown in Fig. 17, we take out the bearing from the test rig at the 42th sample in Fig. 17(a), and slight spot corrosion happening in outer race can be seen in Fig. 17(b). Fig. 14The NLLP indicator map of the second group of data: b) is partial enlarged detail map of a) Fig. 15The NLLP indicator map of the third group of data: b) is partial enlarged detail map of a) Fig. 16the NLLP indicator map of the fourth group of data: b) is partial enlarged detail map of a) Fig. 17Initial fault map To improve the indication’s sensitive to initial fault and make a good trend of the degradation performance for residual life prediction, a new indicator is proposed based on ONPP and 2-D HMM. Since ONPP can eliminate the background noise information and lower the dimensions of the data set composed by general features, the new effective features extracted by ONPP can give significant classification of fault type in comparison with the classification based on general features. With the new effective features, the NLLP based degradation indicator is built using 2-D HMM, which can take internal characteristic between the multiple features into consideration without missing the integral information. The experimental results show that the proposed indicator can discern the weak-defect earlier and is clear to show the degradation trend of bearing performance in its whole life in comparison to the original fault features. Malhi A., Yan R., Gao R. X. Prognosis of defect propagation based on recurrent neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 60, Issue 3, 2011, p. 703-711. Tian Z., Zuo M. J. Health condition prediction of gears using a recurrent neural network approach. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, Vol. 59, Issue 4, 2010, p. 700-705. Qiu H., Lee J., Lin J., et al. Robust performance degradation assessment methods for enhanced rolling element bearing prognostics. Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 17, Issue 3, 2003, p. 127-140. Huang R., Xi L., Li X., et al. Residual life predictions for ball bearings based on self-organizing map and back propagation neural network methods. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 21, Issue 1, 2007, p. 193-207. Liao L. Discovering prognostic features using genetic programming in remaining useful life prediction. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, Issue 5, 2014, p. 2464-2472. Yu J. Bearing performance degradation assessment using locality preserving projections and Gaussian mixture models. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 25, Issue 7, 2011, p. 2573-2588. Yu J. A nonlinear probabilistic method and contribution analysis for machine condition monitoring. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 37, Issue 1, 2013, p. 293-314. Othman H., Aboulnasr T. A separable low complexity 2D HMM with application to face recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 25, Issue 10, 2003, p. 1229-1238. Bevilacqua V., Cariello L., Carro G., et al. A face recognition system based on pseudo 2D HMM applied to neural network coefficients. Soft Computing, Vol. 12, Issue 7, 2008, p. 615-621. Bicego M., Castellani U., Murino V. Using hidden Markov models and wavelets for face recognition. Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, 2003, p. 52-56. Effrosyni K., Yousef S. Orthogonal neighborhood preserving projections: a projection-based dimensionality reduction technique. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 29, Issue 12, 2007, p. 2143-2156. Yujian L. An analytic solution for estimating two-dimensional hidden Markov models. Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 185, Issue 2, 2007, p. 810-822. About this article The work described in this paper was supported by a Grant from the National Defense Researching Fund (No. 9140A27020413JB11076).

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2024-04-21T16:48:44Z

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The Boer strategy The Boers were fighting a primarily defensive war, occupying territory in Natal and the Cape Colony, and besieging British-held towns, to prevent the British from bringing the war to Republican soil. Colesberg was an important town – the last settlement in the Northern Cape before the railway crossed into the Free State. Initially, only a small commando under Chief Commandant Esaias Grobler, who hailed from Phlippolis in the Free State, held the northern frontier at the Orange River, north of Colesberg. Grobler commanded the southern Free State or central front – an area which included the towns of Philippolis, Fauresmith and Jagersfontein. He was later joined by General Hendrik Schoeman of the Transvaal, General Piet de Wet and General Koos de la Rey. The defence of the Free State’s southern border was initially conducted by 2 500 Free State burghers, divided into three units to defend the three main bridges into the Free State – Aliwal North, Bethulie and Norvalspont. There was also a unit at “Colesberg bridge”, on the road between Philippolis and Colesberg, but this was not seen as a major risk, possibly because it was located 30 km north of Colesberg itself. The other bridges were much more vulnerable. Donkerpoort station, just west of the present-day Gariep Dam town, was an important collection point for the Boer commandos. The Boers’ next step was a major strategic one – the invasion of the Cape Colony itself, in order to stem the British advance far away from the Free State border. Another justification for the invasion was that the Cape Colony had betrayed its neutrality by hosting British troops. But neither Grobler nor Schoeman were keen to act aggressively - they just wanted to do a holding operation, to prevent British encroachment. General Clements’s retreat Clements realised that he could not hold the line around Colesberg, and withdrew to Arundel, leaving a great deal of booty at Slingersfontein camp for the Boers. In the last two days, 63 men under Clements had lost their lives or were seriously injured, and many had been captured by the Boers. Disaster befell the Wiltshire Regiment, because they did not receive clear instructions on the retreat. By the time they arrived at Rensburg Station, it was already taken by the Boers, and the Wiltshires came under heavy fire. After a three-mile running battle, 57 Wiltshires were killed, including Major Macmullen; and 103 were captured. De la Rey was now clearly on the offensive, and on 19 February, he attacked a British unit Rietfontein, near Arundel. He then moved southwards to threaten Clements’ base at Noupoort. But De la Rey’s offensive was doomed. Roberts’ strategy of attacking the Free State from the far south-west (the “Great Flank March”), was working. Bloemfontein was now under threat from the south-west. The Free State government recalled General Piet de Wet and numerous Free State units, in order to assist General Cronje at Paardeberg. In fact, the Boers started withdrawing from Colesberg itself. In retrospect, this was a great strategic blunder on the part of the Boer High Command. De la Rey was very effective on the Southern Front, inspiring his men and inflicting losses on the British. Arundel, Noupoort and De Aar, as the lifeblood of the British war supplies, should have been a key target, striking Roberts in his rear. But the sudden helter-skelter recall of so many men to ward off Roberts’s march to Bloemfontein, meant that the Boers effectively lost two fronts – the western as well as the southern fronts. In effect, this decision sealed the fate of the two Republics, as Lord Roberts’s advance on Bloemfontein and Pretoria became unstoppable. General Clements now started pushing northwards. On 24 February, he attacked the Boer positions at Kuilfontein Farm. The Boers made a determined stand, and in particular, the German commando distinguished itself. Each side had about 30 casualties. The British then reoccupied Vaalkop Hill (southwest of Colesberg), Rensburg siding (south of Colesberg) and Taaiboschlaagte (south-east of Colesberg). On 26 February, General Grobler and General Lemmer retreated to Colesberg. On 28 February, Clements’s forces marched into Colesberg unopposed. Clements moved northwards from Colesberg, reaching the Orange River bridge at Norvalspont (en route to Springfontein) on 3 March 1900. General Hermanus Lemmer withdrew all his forces to the Free State side of the Orange River by 6 March, and blew up the Norvalspont bridge. The bridge was soon repaired by the approaching Inniskillings and Australian Regiment. On 7 March, General Lemmer’s rear guard crossed the Colesberg bridge (30 km from Philippolis), and blew up the bridge to slow down the British advance. On 8 March 1899, General Clements occupied Norvalspont, just south-west of the present-day Gariep Dam, and Colonel Brabant, head of the Cape Colonial forces, occupied Jamestown. On 11 March, General Gatacre reached the Bethulie road bridge and managed to seize it before the Boers could blow it up. By now, the Boer retreat had become a headlong flight. Many Cape rebels laid down their arms and took an oath of allegiance to the Queen, before returning to their farms. Clements crossed the Orange River at Norvalspont on 15 March. General Gatacre’s route was further east, and he reached Bethulie on 13 March. The two generals then met up at Springfontein. These British units started their march to Bloemfontein. The southern Free State towns were captured effortlessly by the British, and a period of British control ensued. “With Roberts at Bloemfontein, Gatacre at Springfontein, Clements in the south-west, and Brabant at Aliwal, the pacification of the southern portion of the Free State appeared to be complete” (Arthur Conan Doyle). Genl Freek Grobler’s offensive in the west On the same day, 12 February, General “Groot Freek” Grobler attacked a force of almost 300 Victorians, South Australians, Inniskillings and Wiltshires, at Windmill Camp and Pink Hill in the west. The Boer force consisted mainly of men from Waterberg and Zoutpansberg in the Transvaal, and were based at Bastard’s Nek, on the Petrusville road. Pink Hill was strenuously defended by the Australians, and they kept the Boers as bay until the infrantry could withdraw. Major Eddy and two other officers were killed, and two others wounded. “As an exhibition of resolute courage on the part of comparatively untrained troops, this performance of the Australians is well worthy of mention” (Amery Vol. 3, p. 466). The Boers secured the hill in late afternoon, but were too exhausted to follow up their success. The stand made by the Worcesters and Australians played a major role in maintaining the front. General Clements in Colesberg Tasmanians, Westralians, and the death of Mr Lambie By early February, Lord Roberts was preparing for his “Great Flank March” from Hopetown to Bloemfontein. For this, he needed substantial men from the Colesberg front, so General French and several units joined him on the Western Front. French was replaced by General Clements, who had to maintain the Colesberg front with drastically reduced numbers of men – and at the same time convincing the Boers that Colesberg/Norvalspont would be the main point of attack. And in fact, the Boers concentrated more burghers at Colesberg, because they were duped by Roberts’ plan. Due to the Boer activity near the Oorlogspoort River in the east, Major Stubbs and the Worcestershires occupied a hill (henceforth called “Stubbs Hill”, 18 km south-east of Colesberg), on 6 February. The Boers under General Celliers continued their reconnaissance along the river, with the aim of outflanking the British in the east. The Boers drove out some Tasmanians from some hills around Vergelegen Farm. This was the Tasmanians’ first experience of being under fire, and they had to retire by galloping back under heavy fire, back to Jasfontein. The same happened to an Australian detachment of Victoria Mounted Rifles. On the same day (6 February), the West Australians were under fire for the first time. A group of 80 Westralians under Major Moor formed part of a force sent out towards Potfontein (25 km south-east of Colesberg). These men came under very heavy fire. Moor narrowly escaped capture, after he gave his horse to another man; he was saved by his subaltern on another horse. During this frenetic episode, the only causalty was a non-combatant, Mr Lambie, an Australian correspondent, who had accompanied the troops. Mr Hales of the Daily News stayed with his friend, and was taken prisoner. He was subsequently released. (Lambie’s grave is now in Colesberg cemetery). The Colesberg stalemate The entire Colesberg front now (early February 1899) stretched across about 50 km. From west to east were the following British units: Between Windmill Camp and Maeder’s Farm, with posts at Hobkirk’s Farm and Bastard’s Nek, 9 km west of Colesberg: Wiltshires, Inniskillings, South Australians and Victorians Coleskop, 4 km west of Colesberg: The Bedfordshires and two guns Kloof Camp, 3 km north-west of Colesberg: Wiltshires and New South Wales Military Infantry McCracken’s Hill, 2 km west of Colesberg: The “immovable” Berkshires Porter's Hill, 2 km south of Colesberg: The Bedfordshires, led by Col Carter of the Wiltshires Rensburg Siding, 15 km south of Colesberg (British HQ): General Clements, with some Bedfordshires, Australians and Royal Engineers Slingersfontein, 15 km south-east of Colesberg: The Worcestershires, the Royal Irish, some Inniskillings, the West Australians Jasfontein, 18 km south-east of Coelsberg: A few Rimington Guards General Clements himself, with some Bedfordshires, Australians, and Royal Engineers, at his HQ at Rensburg Station. The Boer Commandos were placed, from west to east: The Boers in the west: From Colesberg to Plessis Poort, and covering the road to Philippolis, with 1500-2000 men; they were led by General “Groot Freek” Grobler, a Transvaler The Boers in the centre (within Colesberg): General Piet de Wet (Free State) and General Schoeman (Transvaal) The Boers in the east: Genl de la Rey (Transvaal), with Genl Lemmer and Genl Cilliers, and Commandant van Dam of the Johannesburg Police. New Zealand Hill The British attack on the eastern side of Colesberg: New Zealand hill After the disaster in the west, French now decided to attempt an attack on Colesberg from the east. Colonel Porter and his 6th Dragoon Guards occupied Slingersfontein Farm on 9 January. He was accompanied by the New South Wales Lancers, New Zealanders, and some Yorkshires. Slingersfontein became an important British base. Now General de la Rey arrived in Colesberg, having fought successfully at Magersfontein. He blocked French’s ambitions to get across the railway east of Colesberg, and this raised Boer morale. The Yorkshires held a high, steep hill (afterwards known as “New Zealand Hll”). At daybreak on 15 January, the Boers subjected the Yorkshires to a heavy fire. Under cover of the fire, a party of 50 Boers had climbed the steep north-western end of the hill and overran the Yorkshires. It was at this crucial stage that Captain WN Madocks of the New Zealand unit took command of the wavering Yorkshires, and giving the words, “Fix bayonets – Charge!” rushed forward, and re-captured one of the sangars. Then the New Zealanders rushed in, and the Boers retreated. This was a highly impressive performance by a junior officer. The next day, on 16 January, the New South Wales Lancers under Lieutenant WV Dowling faced disaster to the east of Slingersfontein, when they were cut off by a party of 35 burghers (Pretoria Police), under Lieut PC de Hart. The Australians were blocked by a wire fence, and then made for a small hill nearby. A rapid firing duel ensued (The Friend 23 February), and four Australians were killed. Lieut Dowling and several other Australians were wounded, and 18 Australians were forced to surrender. After being captured, Dowling was treated in Dr Towart's Field Hospital (Blackie de Swardt, 963 Days at the Junction, p. 37. The British defeat at Suffolk Hill By now, French was ready for another assault on Colesberg, mainly from the West. He wanted to capture “Grassy Hill”, north-east of Colesberg (this hill was known, since then, as Suffolk Hill). On the 5th January, Colonel Watson of the Suffolks requested permission from General French to launch a night attack, instead of the early morning attack that French had contemplated. French rather reluctantly agreed. That night, the Suffolks set off, with bayonets fixed (and rifles unloaded), up the gentle western slope, and not expecting any opposition. But the Heilbron commando and the newly-arrived Transvalers were close by, and began a withering fire. Faced by this unexpected resistance, Colonel Watson wanted his men to go down the slope to regroup, and so he gave the order “Retire”; but that caused most men to rush blindly down the hill. Those who tried gallantly to carry out bayonet charges were generally mowed down. Even worse – in the confusion, the Suffolks came under fire from their own artillery. By 5.30 am, the surviving Suffolks surrendered to the Boers. Watson was killed, and most of his officers and men were killed, wounded or captured. LS Amery (vol 3, p 138) described the next day: “The victors treated their wounded prisoners well, and were most sympathetic and courteous to the British burial party … They readily gave their help, and a pathetic scene took place at the open graveside. A grey-headed burgher asked leave to make an address. In a rough, simple way he deprecated war and the sacrifice of human life, and prayed for the time when all men should live at peace with each other. Then the assembled burghers sang a psalm”. “Suffolk Hill” was a huge setback for the British. After that defeat, French concentrated on consolidating his forces. The British decoy operations in the west While General French tried to outflank the Boers east of Colesberg, he launched two decoy operations, to keep the Boers busy elsewhere - south and east of Colesberg. In the first decoy, Colonel Porter of the 6th Dragoon Guards took over a small hill south of Colesberg, which was then used as an observation post. This hill was henceforth known (by the British) as “Porter’s Hill”. Porter and the New Zealanders then launched a blistering attack on Skietberg Hill, the mountain just south of Colesberg, where the Boers were ensconced.. The British also controlled Coles Kop (Towerberg), from where they shelled Colesberg. This turned out to be an artellery duel, with the Boers using the 15-pounder which they had captured recently at Stormberg. In the second decoy, Major Rimington and his Rimington Guards moved from Jasfontein farm, south-west of Colesberg, in the early morning of 1 January. They went around the east of Colesberg, to attack Achtertang Siding. Commandant du Toit of the Philippolis Commando tried to head them off, but the Boers were repulsed. It became a stalemate, with the Boers refusing to give ground. A thrilling sideshow was the fight to secure a derailed British train, on 2 January. Coleskop, Kloof Ridge, Porter's Hill, and Gibraltar Hill Genl French continued the pressure on the Boers from the western side of Colesberg. On 4 January, he occupied several strategic points, including the very high hilltop, Coleskop (Towerberg), In the meantime, General Piet de Wet, Commandant du Toit (of Philippolis) and their Free Staters valiantly counter-attacked on the western side of the front. Their force included about 700 men (largely Transvalers), and 4 guns. They attacked the Inniskillings and Suffolks at Kloof Ridge. The Inniskilling Dragoons, led by Captain Edmund Arthur Herbert, saw some action here, dashing from Porter’s Hill on the south side of Colesberg, past Coleskop to the west, and on to Gibraltar Hill, which was occupied by the Boers. Although they came under heavy fire from the Boers, they managed to drive the Boers from Gibraltar Hill. The Australians lost several men in this engagement. But General Schoeman failed to provide support to De Wet, and the Boers on Gibraltar Hill became trapped under artillery fire from the Suffolks as well as the 10th Hussars who came from Maeder’s Farm. Capt HB de Lisle’s 2nd Mounted Infantry stormed the outcrop; after a heavy fight, and losses on both sides, many Boers retreated, and some had to surrender. De Lisle’s talented leadership and the excellent shooting by his men contributed to this victory. The Boers became very demoralised. The British attack on the western side of Colesberg: MacCracken’s Hill and Gibraltar Hill On 30 December, French concentrated his forces at Rensburg siding, about 10 km south of Colesberg. This little station was occupied by the Berkshire Regiment. On 1 January 1900, General French began a multi-pronged attack on the western side. This was led by Colonel Fisher of the 10th Hussars (also known as the Prince of Wales’s Own Regiment) and Col. McCracken of the Berkshire Regiment. Their main opponents were the Heilbron Commando and the Bethlehem Commando. Col Fisher moved his unit to Maeder’s Farm, west of Colesberg, on the early morning of 1 January. At the same time, Major McCracken and the Berkshires captured “McCracken Hill”. They scattered the Heilbron commando, who withdrew to Gibraltar Koppie. But Fisher failed to carry the flank movement. The Berkshires sat tight on McCracken Hill, but could not make any progress northwards. Driving west from the Engen Garage - Coleskop is on the right, and McCracken Hill is on the right. General French’s offensive: 1 January 1900 General French was now ready for a major offensive in the Colesberg area. He planned to use a highly mobile force to harrass the Boer positions, convoys and communication lines in order to work round their flanks. This would force them to retreat into Colesberg and eventually to withdraw across the Orange River, and the British would then occupy Colesberg. French based his force at Noupoort, to protect the railway. His force consisted of the Second Berkshires, the 6th Dragoon Guards, as well as 75 New South Wales Lancers and the First New Zealand Contingent. Gradually, he grew his forces to about 2000, with the addition of the 1st Suffolks in early December. Soon after, the force was joined by the Inniskilling Dragoons and the 10th Hussars. From Noupoort, French moved his forces northwards to Arundel, which became an important British base for the next six weeks. (today, Arundel is a deserted little siding, 20 km south of Colesberg, on the N9). Genl Piet de Wet’s offensive On 13 December 1899, General Piet de Wet was sent to Colesberg to stiffen Schoeman’s resolve. His headquarters were on the farm Kuilfontein (owned by Thomas Plewman, but abandoned in early November 1899. Piet De Wet attacked Col. Porter at Arundel Station, with two cannons. Porter quickly reinforced his unit with artillery and mounted troops, and forced De Wet to retire. At Rensburg, General French also beat back a Boer attack. A few days later, Piet de Wet attacked French’s outpost at Vaalkop (a hill south-east of Kuilfontein) with field artillery, forcing the British (the 10th Hussars) to retire to Arundel. The terrain around Colesberg is extremely rugged – apparently Lord Kitchener described it as “the most infernal country he ever saw”. Neither side would be able to defeat each other in those rocky outcrops. So each side tried to outflank the other. This meant that The Colesberg front now began to expand in eastward and westward directions – a wide front which would eventually span almost 50 km, from Jasfontein in the east to Bastard’s Neck in the west. The British strategy At the very earliest stage in the war, the British anticipated that they would launch their main attack against the Boer republics along the central railway, via Colesberg, into the Free State, as well as from Natal, the Queenstown direction, and from Kimberley. In mid-December 1899, the British were defeated in three important battles (Colenso in Natal, Stormberg, and Magersfontein near Kimberley). This was the infamous “Black Week”, which caused consternation in Britain. Some of its best regiments had been defeated by bands of fighting farmers!he Boers’ mobility on horseback made “one Boer worth three or four English”. These defeats left the Colesberg front as the main British thrust northwards. But not for long. When Lord Roberts was appointed as supreme commander of the British forces, in December 1899, he decided to abandon all these proposed directions of advance. Instead, he would move to the Orange River (near Hopetown), and then strike directly across the Southern Free State towards Bloemfontein – the first thrust that would depart from the main railway lines. This “Great Flank March” was extremely difficult (with no railway to rely on for supplies); it was also spectacularly successful. On 13 March 1900, Bloemfontein fell to Lord Roberts. While Roberts was planning for his Great Flank March, the Colesberg “theatre of war” remained a tough test of wills between the British and the Boers. But increasingly, it became an elaborate decoy, to keep the Boer commandos busy, while Roberts gathered his forces and supplies further west, near Hopetown. It certainly kept the Boers busy. The British were led by two very resourceful officers: Initially, General John French, and subsequently, General Ralph Clements.General Schoeman was completely outclassed by General French. While French was strengthening his force, and occupying strategic hills, Schoeman with his 4000 Boers remained passively at Colesberg. It took two very good commandants, Piet de Wet and Koos de la Rey, and up to 7000 burghers to to block the British advance. Initially, the main British units in the area were the Yorkshire Light Infantry and the Scottish Black Watch. On the 1st December 1899 the first English reinforcements, made up of 400 men of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles under the command of Major Robin, arrived at Naauwpoort. By 5th December 1899, Colonel TC Porter arrived with a battalion of Suffolks, the second half of the battalion of the Black Watch, three squadrons of the Carabiniers, R & O Batteries of Horse Artillery and two breech loading 15-pounders. The initial Boer advance southwards The British forces in the Central Front were quite unprepared for the rapid Boer incursions. On 4 November, the Yorkshire Light infantry abandoned Noupoort station, and retired to Middelburg. The Boers were unstoppable. The Cape Colony declared military law in the northern parts of the Cape Colony. The Boers occupied Aliwal North (13 November) and Colesberg (14 November). Everywhere, the Boers were greeted enthusiastically by local Afrikaners, but resentfully by English-speakers. In Colesberg, 160 men joined the Boer force. In Colesberg, the Boers arrested prominent English-speakers and kept them in the local jail – for a total of 96 days. Then the Boers occupied Burgersdorp, Jamestown, Venterstad, Lady Grey and Barkley East. The Boers made their most southerly base at Arundel siding (20 km south of Colesberg). But the Boers, under the over-cautious General Schoeman, failed to occupy the important railway junction town of Noupoort! This was a major mistake, as the British built up Noupoort as their main base. Schoeman had major disagreements with other Boer commanders (such as Piet de Wet) who wanted to pursue a more aggressive approach. Convinced that a large force under General French was bearing down on them from the south, Schoeman abandoned Rensburg station and fell back to Colesberg, leaving Rensburg siding available for the British as their northern base camp. The Boer invasion of the Cape Colony In October 1899, a total of 2 500 burghers (Boer fighters) massed on the Orange River. They were fighting a defensive war, to prevent the British from bringing the war to Republican soil. Colesberg was an important town – the most northern town in the central front of the Cape Colony. The Boers expected a major British advance along the railway line. Initially, the Colesberg part of the front would be held by about 5 000 men under Lieut-General John French – a British commander who would have a brilliant career in this war, as well as World War I. On 1 November 1899, the Free Staters, under General Esias Renier Grobler, occupied the Norvalspont railway bridge and Colesberg road bridge (on the road between Colesberg and Philippolis). The advance guard invaded the Cape Colony. On 4 November, two Free State commandos and some ZAR burghers invaded the Colony near Norvalspont, and destroyed railway bridges and telegraph lines. Brother of Christian de Wet, and a dynamic leader in the Colesberg front Commander of Transvaal burghers in Colesberg Commanding Free State forces in Colesberg Just east of the railway siding - the camp was here Solitary, abandoned and atmospheric Blindfolded black people brought into the camp The old station sign Always looming on the horizon ... Travelling west from Engen Garage Travelling west from the Engen Garage He led the charge on Suffolk Hill A lonely monument to the fallen soldiers A steep climb Driving out westwards from Colesberg - about 5 km Protective walls at the summit The Suffolk Memorial blends into the vast landscape President Steyn's proclamation, 20 October 1899: "As Great Britain is at present at war with the people of the Orange Free State, and the territory of the Cape Colony is used as a basis of war operations against this State, without the wish of the peaceable inhabitants of the Colony being known, I have therefore commanded by officers to cross over into the territory of the Cape Colony with no other object than for the defence of my land and my people and for the preservation our independence". Australia Hill and Worcester Hill On 9 February, De la Rey went on the offensive. He attacked on a wide front, reaching west and east of Colesberg. The West Australian Mounted Infantry (“Westralians”) and the Inniskilling Dragoons – who later occupied Philippolis – were trapped on Stubbs Hill. The Australians were forced back to Australian Hill (20 km south-east of Colesberg), and managed to stay put until sunset, when they managed to fall back in small groups. In effect, the Boer advance was stopped by the determination of this handful of Westralians, supported by four guns. Several British soldiers surrendered to the Boers, and Sergeant Hensman and Private Conway were killed. General Clements was highly complimentary, referring to the courage and determination shown by a party of 20 men of the West Australians under Captain Moor: “By their determined stand against 300 or 400 men, they entirely frustrated the enemy’s attempt to turn the flank of the position”. On 11 February, Commandant Celliers shelled the large British camp at Slingersfontein. On the very early morning of 12 February, the Worcester hills (or “Keeromskop”) were attacked by Transvalers and Bethlehem burghers; the rest of the Boer force kept up a heavy fire against the hill. This hill was held by Worcestershires, under Captain Hovell and Brevet-Major Stubbs. As a result of the heavy fighting, the British had to retreat from the crests of the hills. But as day broke, the Worcesters’ fine musketry drove the Boers off the hill. The Boers withdrew in late afternoon. Major Stubbs and Lieut-Col Coningham were killed. At the same time, other Boer units were threatening Slingersfontein Camp, Jasfontein and New Zealand Hill. "The lion of the Western Transvaal"

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Benjamin Cavender Hopkins was the second son of William Griffith Hopkins and Nancy Cavender. He was born in Warren County, Ohio before the family moved to Indiana. He married Rebecca Griest, daughter of John Griest and Hannah Edmundson of Jay County, Indiana. They had three sons and one daughter. Like all of William Hopkins' children, Benjamin was raised in the Quaker faith, but he became a minister in the United Bretheren Church and then a Methodist after he was grown, and was a minister in that church in Winchester, Randolph County. He was a strong believer in keeping the Sabbath, and campaigned for that as a minister, as attested to below. He was visiting the merchants of Winchester, trying to convince them to close on Sundays, when he died. He is buried in the Fountain Park cemetery in Winchester in an unmarked grave. Note: Some of the information about these families comes from the book The Family of Thomas and Elizabeth Morsell Edmundson by William Edmundson. Winchester Journal, Vol XVXI, Wednesday, February 10, 1892 Hopkins: -- Benjamin Cavender Hopkins was born in Warren County, Ohio, Feb. 6, 1837, and died in Winchester, Ind. Feb. 1, 1892, aged fifty-five years, eleven months and twenty-three days. Those who are familiar with his manner of life in the eight years that he has been a citizen of this city, know better of his sterling qualities of his character than we can represent them in this brief memorial. He was a minister of influence in the Church of the United Bretheren in Christ for a number of years, but within the last year and a half has been a member of the M. E. Church of this city; within the time of his connection with this Church, his place has not been vacant at any of the regular services, but a very few times, and then was detained by circumstances unavoidable. He was a man of deep convictions, and strict integrity, faithful in the practice of what he believed to be right. His convictions concerning the Christian Sabbath as a divine institution, the observance of which he considered obligatory upon all found, expressions in the following petitions, looking to better and more general observance of the day: "We the undersigned ministers and pastors of the different Churches of the town of Winchester, Ind., inasmuch as we believe that the Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath, do earnestly desire and request that the business houses be closed on the Sabbath day, and that the proprietors do not engage in the sale of groceries, meat, or any other merchandise except in cases of necessity or acts of charity, as provided by law," And in the following: "We the undersigned, recognizing the relation of the pastors of the several Churches, sustain to the moral welfare of the community, their sincere desire to encourage the attendance at their Church services of the business men of this city, as well as to offer opportunity of being with their families Sabbath afternoons, do hereby accede to the terms as in the foregoing request." He did not live, however, to carry out his purpose; and with the work only half done, he ceased at once to live and labor; so sudden was his dissolution that it may be truly said, "He died in the harness," falling in the street on his usual round of business, and expiring in a few minutes. He leaves a wife, three sons, and a large circle of friends to mourn his loss. b. Feb. 6, 1837 in Warren Co. OH. He lacked 5 days being 55y of age when he d. Feb. 1, 1892. Bur. Fountain Pk. Cem. Surv. are the widow, Rebecca (Grist) Hopkins b. Tenn and 3 children. A dt. Amy Ann d. Mar. 6, 1890 ae 23y of Catarral fever. W. D. November 26, 1903 Hopkins - Mrs. R. G. Hopkins died at the home of her son, R. G. Hopkins, in this city, last Saturday, at the age of 67 years, 10 months and 11 days. She was born in Pennsylvania in '36 and was the mother of T. G. and Will Hopkins of this city and E. B. Hopkins of Lynn. The funeral services took place Tuesday at 10 a. m. at the Methodist Church. Steuben Republican, August 12, 1942, page 1, columns 7-8. William G. Hopkins was born in Jay county, Indiana, March 22, 1868, and passed away very suddenly August 4, 1942, at his home a mile and a half west of Angola. He had been about his usual work in his usual health and had attempted to run his lawn mower when he came in the house drawing his chair near to his wife's chair and sat down and without warning passed away. He was the son of Benjamin A. [sic] and Rebecca G. Hopkins. His early life was spent in and around Winchester, Ind. In the Winchester schools he was an earnest and well balanced student, he took a serious part in school affairs, in recreations and sports and laid the foundations of a tolerant, generous and helpful future. March 12, 1892, he was married to Miss Laura A. Simmons, of Winchester. There were born to them three sons, two of whom preceded in death. Mr. and Mrs. Hopkins celebrated their golden wedding this year in the apartment of his son Theodore in the fine new city hall. This was to him a very pleasant day as many of his friends came to wish him and his good wife all possible joy in the years to come. Mr. Hopkins was known throughout Indiana. He was an efficient accountant. In his early manhood he served as the cashier for the B. & O. Railroad at Louisville. He gained much experience in insurance work in a number of Indiana cities. From 1921 to 1933 he was division chief for the Department of Internal Revenue with offices in Logansport, South Bend, and Fort Wayne. Among his good friends were Senator James Watson who found a refuge and means of refreshment again and again, when he sought some relief from the burdens of his office, in the home of Mr. Hopkins. Other close friends were Governor Goodrich and Vice President Fairbanks. Many through the state found in his reliability and ripe wisdom the counsel that gave them hope and encouragement. Locally no man made more friends, no man had been more appreciated, no man more widely accepted in business circles, no man more welcomed in helping pressed men to untangle the troubles and intricacies of business. His early church life was in Winchester and New Albany; at New Albany his church membership still stands unsullied. The city mourns his going and many expressions of sympathy have been spoken for his bereft family. He leaves his wife Laura, his son Theodore and Theodore's wife Jane, and his grandson William. Funeral Services were held in the Klink Funeral Home, Friday, August 7, conducted by Rev. John Humfreys, D. D., and the burial was at Circle Hill, Angola, Ind. We wish to express our deep appreciation to all of our friends for their kindness and assistance during our great sorrow. The neighbors and ladies of the Hoosier Hills Club were especially kind and we appreciate it very much. Mrs. Laura Hopkins and Family Steuben Republican, March 5, 1947, page 1, column 7. Mrs. Laura Ann Hopkins, widow of the late William Hopkins, died Saturday in Indianapolis after a long illness. Mrs. Hopkins was the mother of the late Theodore Hopkins, Angola police chief, whose death preceded his mother's by only three weeks. The Hopkins family lived at Lake James for nearly thirty years, coming here from Louisville, Ky., for the benefit of Mrs. Hopkins' health. They built the stucco summer cottage home at Mountain Park, near Glen Eden on the east side of Lake James, where they extended hospitality to hosts of friends throughout the years. In 1939, they sold the lake home, and moved to a country home west of Angola. Shortly after their fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1942, Mr. Hopkins died suddenly from a heart attack, and since that time, Mrs. Hopkins has lived with her sister and a brother in Indianapolis, making only occasional visits to Angola. Of a kindly and thoughtful disposition, Mrs. Hopkins leaves a host of friends, who remember her hospitality and warm friendliness. She was a former member of the Daughters of American Revolution and of the Hoosier Hills club, a social group. Born in Randolph county, September, 1871, the daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Reeves Simmons, she spent her girlhood in Winchester, continuing to live there for several years following her marriage in 1892 to William Hopkins. Three children were born, two of them passing away while still very young, and only the son, Theodore, grew to manhood. The Hopkins family also lived for a time in New Albany and in Louisville, and in later years spent much time in Fort Wayne where Mr. Hopkins was stationed as Deputy Revenue Collector of the Federal Government. Mrs. Hopkins had been in failing health for several years, and during the past few weeks, her physical condition had been so frail that it was not deemed wise to tell her of the passing of her son, Theodore, whose death on February 8 followed an illness of only a week's duration. Funeral services for Mrs. Hopkins were conducted by Dr. John Humfreys at the Klink Funeral Home on Tuesday afternoon and burial was in Circle Hill. She is survived by two sisters, two brothers, the daughter-in-law, Jane, widow of Theodore Hopkins, and a grandson, William, student at Ball State Teacher's College. (Special to the Journal-Gazette) Angola, Feb 8 - Theodore Hopkins, 54, police chief here, died suddenly at noon today of a heart ailment. He suffered a heart attack last Sunday, but his condition was not considered critical. Chief Hopkins was well known to Angola school children, having always directed traffic at the school crossing. He attended Tri-State College and was a member of the Sphinx Club. A resident here many years, he is survived by the wife, Jane, one son William, Ball State College, and his mother, Mrs. William Hopkins, Indianapolis. Funeral services will be conducted Tuesday at 2 p.m. at the Klink Funeral Home with Dr. John Humfreys and the Rev. Harold Finley officiating. Burial will be in Circle Hill Cemetery. (Feb. 8 1947) Last Rites Attended By Many Citizens Tuesday Afternoon Theodore E. Hopkins, chief of the Angola Police Department, died at his apartment home in the Angola city building shortly before 11:00 o'clock last Saturday forenoon, after having been confined for a few days with a heart ailment. Chief Hopkins had been about his regular duties on the previous Sunday, and was taken suddenly ill that afternoon, although he had not felt well for several days prior to the attack. The nature of his illness was not readily diagnosed, and for a time he seemed to improve, but subsequent attacks came through the week and physicians in consultation pronounced the trouble as coronary occlusion. Mr. Hopkins suffered a relapse Saturday morning and grew steadily worse. Mrs. Hopkins and their son, William, were present at the bedside. The son is a student in Ball State College at Muncie and had arrived home on Friday evening after being told of his father's illness. Mr. Hopkins, a veteran of the first World War, was well known in the community, due in part to his position in the police department, and also as custodian of the city building. He was also active in Angola Post of the American Legion, which he served as Commander for the 1945-1946 term. He gained many friends in his official contacts with people in general, and was a great favorite among the school children of the city to whom he gave his personal attention in direction and protection to and from school sessions. He was well known by state police and F.B.I. agents to whom he gave full cooperation in analyzing law violations in the area. Funeral services for Chief Hopkins were held at the Klisk Funeral Home on Tuesday at 2:00 and burial was in Circle Hill cemetery. Dr. John Humfreys gave the funeral address, and was assisted in the service by Rev. Harold Finley, pastor of the Congregational church. Mayor E. D. Willis prepared and read the story of Mr. Hopkins' life. The services were attended by a large crowd of friends and associates as well as business men of the city. Business houses closed from 1:30 to 3:00 during the funeral. Groups attending the phooquies? in a body included the mayor and city council, the fire department, the police department, and about a dozen state troopers and other officers. Members of the American Legion served as bearers. The funeral cortege was headed by the city police car and two cars of state troopers as an honor escort and the Angola city officials. Street intersections were patrolled by members of the fire department in uniform. The flag at the American Legion House in the line of the procession was flown at half staff during the services. Mr. Hopkins had proven himself a valuable officer during the service in the police department and had done much toward developing a harmonious and efficient standing among his associate officers, and his service to the people of the city had been almost invaluable. The duties of a police officer frequently draws harsh criticism from both well meaning and designing people, but it is generally acknowledged that Mr. Hopkins was never charged with any other than the highest of motives and conduct in his official duties. Theodore Edwin Hopkins, the son of Mr. And Mrs. William G. Hopkins, was born in Winchester, Ind., February 18, 1893, and passed away in Angola after a short illness on Saturday, February 8, 1947, aged nearly 54 years. His youth was spent in Winchester, the family moving to Louisville, Ky., and New Albany, Ind., where he attended the public schools and acquired commercial school training. Due to his mother's ill health the family moved to Lake James in 1911, where they resided for a number of years. He joined the hospital corps of the 3rd Indiana Infantry of the Indiana National Guard, under command of Major Frank H. Humphreys, and was enlisted in U. S. Service for the Mexican Border uprising in 1914. Later he was enlisted in the medical corps of the 137th Field Artillery, 28th Division in the first World War, serving for nearly two years. He was discharged March 16, 1915, and returned to Angola to make his permanent home. For a time, he was engaged with his father in the sale of stocks and bonds, and in establishing loan companies. Later he was engaged in business at Warren, Ind., and still later was employed as a salesman for the Standard Oil Company. Mr. Hopkins was married to Beulah Jane Thompson in Angola on August 10, 1917. To this union was born one son, William L., who is pursuing courses in Ball State College at Muncie after three years and nine months service in World War II. Mr. Hopkins was employed as a custodian of the new city building, Mrs. Hopkins and he moving into the apartment there when the building was completed in August, 1939, where they have since made their home. He was employed on the police force in 1939, and was promoted to the position of department chief August 1, 1945, in which capacity he served capably until the time of his death. As chief of police he gained the confidence and friendship of many people, both civilians and law enforcement officers. He was tactful and helpful with those with whom he came in contact, but none the less firm and fearless in maintaining the dignity and respect for law and order. As an officer he was always seeking every opportunity by contacts and by study to make himself more proficient. He took particular pride in the meticulous care of the city building placed in his charge. In his official capacity he was always calm, patient and exceedingly loyal to his superiors, and he occupied a position in the city government that will be very hard to fill. A number of letters at various times have been received in the mayor's office from people, who, passing through the city, were befriended or assisted, or perhaps admonished kindly for a minor infraction, and who expressed appreciation of the courtesy and the kindness extended by the police chief. And by no means least was the extreme high regard and love expressed by the school children of the community who Chief Hopkins had assisted and protected as they went about the streets. To them he was a real comdrade and friend, and the deepness of their regard was evidenced as they streamed into these rooms in the last two days to get a last farewell glimpse of their friend and benefactor. Mr. Hopkins served as commander of Angola Post of the American Legion for the 1945-46 term. He was a member of the Indiana Association of chiefs of police. He was also a Past Master of Angola Lodge F. & A. M., and a past commander of the Mexican Border Veterans Association, of which organization he was a national trustee at the time of his passing. He was also a member of the Sphinx club organized here some years ago. Mr. And Mrs. Hopkins were members of the First Congregational church of Angola, and also enjoyed the sociability of a group of six couples in a local supper club. Besides his wife and son, Mr. Hopkins is survived by his aged mother, who lives in Indianapolis and also a number of relatives at Winchester and other points in Indiana and a host of friends in this community who mourn his passing away. Theodore E. Hopkins February 19, 1893 February 8, 1947 Klink Funeral Home Tuesday, Feb. 11, 1947 at two o'clock P.M. Dr. John Humphreys Assisted by Harold Finley Circle Hill Cemetery (March 5, 1905 - June 2, 1976) Steuben Republican, June 9, 1976, page 13, column 4. Widow of Theodore Hopkins, Beulah Jane Hopkins, 85, of Beatty Apartments, Angola, died Wednesday morning, June 2, in the Carlin Park Nursing Home, Angola. Services were conducted at 2 p.m. Friday, June 4, at Klink Memorial Chapel, Angola, with Reverend Karl Kirkman, pastor of the Angola Congregational Church, officiating. Interment followed in Circle Hill Cemetery. A son, William Hopkins, of Angola, survives. Mrs. Hopkins was born April 23, 1891, at Warren, the daughter of John and Elvira (Jones) Thompson. She was a member of the Angola Congregational Church, a Past President of Angola Post 31, American Legion Auxiliary; and a charter member of the World War I Veterans Auxiliary. May 9, 1922 - Nov 25, 1988 Angola Herald-Republican, November 30, 1988, page 2A, column 2. William L. Hopkins, 66, died Friday, Nov. 25, in Parkview Memorial Hospital, Fort Wayne. He was born in Warren to Theodore E. and Beulah Jane Thompson Hopkins on May 9, 1922. Mr. Hopkins was a retired maintenance worker for Tri-State University and was a resident of Angola. He was a veteran of World War II and a member of American Legion Post 31, and 40 and 8. Services were Monday at Klink's Funeral Home in Angola, Rev. J. Glenn Radcliffe officiated. A legion memorial service was held Sunday evening. Burial was in Circle Hill Cemetery. Memorials may be made to an organization or charity of the donor's choice. I've prepared a register report in pdf format for the descendants of Benjamin and Rebecca Griest Hopkins. It contains more details about the lives of the members of this family. William L. Hopkins Courtesy of William Edmundson (See Note 1) Theodore G. Hopkins Courtesy of William Edmundson (See Note 1) Edwin, Marie & Delia Hopkins Note 1: These two photos were scanned from Theodore G. Hopkins Elmyra Hopkins Fraze This may be the grave marker of Benjamin C. Hopkins (in Fountain Park Cemetery). This file was last updated on 7/10/2019.

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Getting somewhere requires effort, faith to push on, it's easy to screw up, Friday, June 13, 2014 Web pages Summarizing discussions on prayer Fri, June 13, 2014 | link Thursday, June 12, 2014 Considerations on prayer - a teenagers view Considerations on prayer - a teenagers view Thu, June 12, 2014 | link There are those who have an elegant way of expressing themselves and I reprint from Teen Ink these words of ElizabethW., Oconto, WI, to see the original click here. I try to talk to you But it's like you're not there words fade away Into empty air you hear me? Can my prayer reach that far? Do you hear one child's cry Wherever you are? I'm just one In a world of pain And I'm not sure So I'll ask again Can you hear me? I try to hear your voice But you seem so far away I know you're calling But I don't know what you're saying I can't hear you I can't hear you I'm drowning in my sin I try to reach for you falling down again One still, small voice In a world of pain If I try hard enough I know I can can hear you Rolling like thunder my once dead heart I can hear you speaking We were never apart I can hear you words express that path from feeling isolated to being back in the arms of God. Good words to remember when we feel far away Wednesday, June 11, 2014 Considerations on prayer...why we donít pray? Considerations on prayer...why we don’t pray? Wed, June 11, 2014 | link You pray for rain, you gotta deal with the mud too. That's a part of it. ~ Denzel Washington We are told NOT to pray for certain things and with certain attitudes and so we don’t pray that way. That is good! We don’t pray for many other reasons. That is bad! God does not want us to pray if what we are doing is trying to impress him or others. Think about it. The most elaborate prayer that covers the most amazing subjects and intercedes for the deepest causes, is worthless if it was written or spoken or thought out with the purpose of impressing others or God. We cannot measure prayer by the words or content. Only God can measure the value of a prayer and it is in the attitude of the prayer that the value and power Why do I say that? Remember this piece of writing from the bible. Jesus said... “Two men went up to the temple to pray. One was a Pharisee. The other was a tax collector. 11 “The Pharisee stood up and prayed about himself. ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other people,’ he said. ‘I am not like robbers or those who do other evil things. I am not like those who commit adultery. I am not even like this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week. And I give a tenth of all I get.’ 13 “But the tax collector stood not very far away. He would not even look up to heaven. He beat his chest and said, ‘God, have mercy on me. I am a sinner.’ 14 “I tell you, the tax collector went home accepted by God. But not the Pharisee. Everyone who lifts himself up will be brought down. And anyone who is brought down will be lifted up.” Luke 10 There is another prayer we do not need to use. It’s the prayer to tell God what’s happening, to inform God. This is useless. God created and sustains everything and knows everything. Letting God know about something is like a very young child trying to explain responsibility to an adult. A needless and worthless are attitudes and aspects we should not use when praying. Yet, there are many more reasons that are not valid that seem to stop people from praying. The first is simply because they don’t believe and the second can be as simple, it’s because we haven’t been praying. The longer the time since we last prayed, the more difficulty we seem to have in starting to pray, right? The simplest way to overcome this is just do it! Doing it makes it easier and then we do it more. Soon we are in regular chatty mode with God and the drought is broken. Another reason is we don’t really know where to start. I suggest we can start simply. Something like “I don’t really know where to start but...” Sometimes we don’t want to say we are sorry for something. That’s generally due to a selfish nasty thing called pride that has invaded our life. We need to toss out that evil spirit and turn to God “Sorry God, is was so stuck up with pride, help me...” is a way to start that we seem to be putting off praying to God until the right time. Paul writes “Never stop praying. 18 Give thanks no matter what happens.” 1 Thessalonians 5 The time is always right! “I know I am not interrupting you, but I am sorry I thought I had to find just the right time. I now know doing it now is good. Can you ...” may be a way to start Prayer is work. We need to understand that we will be tired, not in the right mind, awkward, suddenly unable to think, unable to speak clearly, suddenly aware of everything and everyone around us as we start to pray. That evil person who controls the forces of darkness has instructed them to do whatever they can to stop us praying. They know how powerful prayer is! please help me to overcome evil as I pray to you...” could be a way to start that prayer. Prayer needs to be setup to occur at regular intervals because that trains us to overcome evil and disciplines us to pray. It’s not because God is only their then. It’s because we as people need routines to help us to overcome our failings. Try setting up certain times to pray during the day. This helps us to pray more effectively and overcome our laziness and sloth. We must also reject our feelings that we are too inferior to come to God. Jesus died for people who had rejected him. He loves that much. There is nothing, absolutely nothing we can do that God will not listen and respond in love to our heartfelt prayer. We must be willing however to respond to God when he gives us guidance if we are to gain from the prayer. We need to want to hear from God. It’s so easy to let things keep us from prayer. While there are a few reasons we certainly should not pray, there is far more invalid reasons we use to avoid praying. Let’s put the invalid reasons to avoid prayer aside and let God know we want open honest and truthful chats with him on a regular basis. Be blessed today my friend! Tuesday, June 10, 2014 Considerations on prayer...why pray at all? “I talk to God but the sky is empty.” ~ Sylvia Plath Tue, June 10, 2014 | link Even as a Christian I have felt that experience of a "void" answering prayers, and yet as a Christian I am only too aware of why! Those of us who have yet to form a relationship with God can find prayer a shocking experience. Even alone, we may find talking with an unseen creator an awkward experience. Especially if we think God may not exist and so we are “trying it” Add to that the fact that God wants sincerity, and that forgiveness blocks prayer ,and we can have a really difficult experience in starting on a prayer experience. Yet all we are doing is talking to God! We talk to people on the phone every day so the fact the person is not visible is not too much of a problem. Then, we all know how some people can talk, and talk ,and talk, without waiting for us to respond. So talking without immediate response is not really an issue either is it? The process of praying is therefore not all that unfamiliar. We CAN do it! It's just getting used to it right? But why pray? For Christians, it’s for a few reasons. God is so amazing and we just want to let Him know how we feel. We want to say thanks for what he does. We want to say sorry for what we do that we know he doesn’t like us doing, and ask forgiveness (which he gives). Prayer changes us to be more like God as we pray. We build our relationship with God through prayer and grow spiritually. We align ourselves with Gods values, kingdom and nature. We can pray as a group which also builds us together in God’s purpose and it’s nice to do things in alignment with think the main reason for prayer is to place requests before God, this is perhaps a lesser reason. Any request needs to have the persons forgiveness of others to be responded to by God. Jesus taught that there is a need to forgive before being forgiven, so prayer to help us do that is a step prior to forgiving, which is a step prior to asking for forgiveness, which is a step before we can put a request to God. God answer prayers of people who are in right relationship with him. I guess that means before a request gets answered, that relationship needs to be established and nurtured. To start the process we simply invite God to come into our lives, empower our bodies and fill us with Holy It’s not too difficult! Meaning what we say is important though, and that's more difficult! God is not a God who responds to two faced people, so we must have truth in the request. We must also have a willingness to hear answers we don't desire. Truth is the currency of prayer and willingness to accept it the the start of true prayer! As a Christian, if I speak to empty sky, I better ask why. The reason is normally unforgiveness or unwillingness to ask for forgiveness. As a non-Christian, there is no empty sky. God is just waiting! Praying answers the question.. why pray? Try it sometime, and if you already do, let’s do it better! Monday, June 9, 2014 Do we train spiritually? Mon, June 9, 2014 | link Not every difficult and dangerous thing is suitable for training, but only that which is conducive to success in achieving the object of our effort.~ Epictetus Epicteteus made this statement on training. He was a philosopher that felt that life’s events, determined by fate, are beyond our control, and need to be accepted without passion. He was a man who believed everyone is responsible for their own actions which they can then review and use through was born in about 55A.D. so was about 16years of age when Nero started to execute Christians and when Peter the apostle in Rome wrote the 1 Peter letter. He advocated training oneself and accepting a stoic attitude to life. He had a few possessions and did acts of compassion and kindness. he started out a slave and ended as a philosopher chased out of Rome to Greece. What's the relationship between Stoicism and Christianity? Paul in their addressing of Christians sometimes bring in some aspects of the stoic philosophy into the mechanisms by which Christians train themselves spiritually. Stoics generally served “logos” and so like Christians were monotheists. We know of John’s statement in which he says (John 1), “In the beginning was the Logos, and Logos was with God and the Logos was God” This was not to say that Christians were Stoics, they were not, although they definitely adapted some of the tenants of Stoicism into their spiritual life training. Stoics and Christianity both ask themselves what is the highest call in life. For Christians, it is having Holy Spirit within who guides us towards the Kingdom of God. Christians, like Stoics, look within for the center of approval and guidance of their lives. Within themselves, they find Holy Spirit, not another God as the Stoics do. They gain knowledge of Holy Spirit by testing the sprits guidance against God's word in the bible, which were left as a tool to enable us to check everything. Strangely even though Christians look within to Holy Spirit for guidance, this in itself is changed into a view outwards, focusing into the world, as God guides Christians to have compassion and love for others. Stoicism denies passion, but Christianity explodes love outward into our world. First as Christians we look inward to connect with Holy Spirit and then in God's power the inner strength flows through our spirit, now under God’s control, to perform miraculous work empowered by love and faith into the world in which we live and move. We like Stoics are not controlled by our external world, but unlike stoics, passion empowers us and moves us to action within our world. Yet, Christians are expected to train their mind, bodies, soul and spirit. Peter says “Christ suffered in his body. So get ready as a soldier does. Prepare yourselves to think in the same way Christ did. Do it because those who have suffered in their bodies are finished with sin. As a result, they don’t live the rest of their lives on earth controlled by evil human longings. Instead, they live to do what God wants. You have spent enough time in the past doing what ungodly people choose to do.” (1 Peter 4) Soldiers train hard to survive. It takes discipline to do, and they do it before they enter battle. Peter is saying that we should as Christians do the same. We need to train ourselves to turn to God, we need to have Jesus as Saviour guiding us by our having Holy Spirit in our hearts. that is not enough! For superior living, there is more! Paul’s says of immature Christians...1 Cor 3 “Brothers and sisters, I couldn’t speak to you as if you were guided by the Holy Spirit. I had to speak to you as if you were following the ways of the world. You aren’t growing as Christ wants you to. You are still like babies. The words I spoke to you were like milk, not like solid food. You weren’t ready for solid food yet. And you still aren’t ready for it. You are still following the ways of the world.” It seems like we as Christians are expected to mature, grow, train ourselves into a spiritual maturity. We grow past the point where the world influences us directly, to the point where we gain our power from looking to Holy Spirit within us who guides, strengthens, gives wisdom and empowers us. Then by enabling this powerful motive of love, God turns our attention back into our world to observe, act and do his mature Christian knows they are God’s place of residence in this world and accept this fact. We train ourselves as Pater says. We keep a clear mind. Control ourselves. We pray. Most of all, we love one another deeply. These are powerful tools in our lives. These are tools that require continual honing and sharpening to enable us to do God’s work. Can I ask today whether you feel you have a clear mind, can you control yourself, will you pray, will you love others deeply? That’s what God wants us to do! If you want to see a short blog describing a perspective on what I believe click here Credit cards are acceptable on sites having Ken's books: Click here => to be told of new blogs | Ken's book covers are displayed below. . . suspense thriller centers on Kiara, a beautiful young woman pursued by a murderous group of people, who relentlessly and ruthlessly hunt her and her sisters. Kiara has no idea why she is being targeted! When Kiara and her family turn to the law for help, this fails. Her pursuers’ powers reach deeply into the political and law enforcement world. Family support for her dwindles when they too have to flee her pursuers. Can Kiara escape the clutches of both the law and dishonest big business? With the media broadcasting that Kiara and friends are dangerous and subversive, can Kiara clear her name and bring her pursuers to To purchase Kiara's Pursuer ebook kindle version click here, To contact the author contact [email protected] The town of Zinaville is dropped into a spiral of evil causing a young man and a beautiful but abused woman to launch into an investigation that unveils an evil conspiracy. A horrific mining accident results in Joshua Robyn's father being killed. Joshua struggles both with himself and his townsfolk as he tries to make sense of an incomprehensible situation. Is it an accident or a murder? Why is there a seeming link to evil? Why is his work environment suddenly threatening? What is the conspiracy about and what are they trying to do? As action moves dramatically from exotic African grasslands to the heart of North America's cities, the plot unfolds and the pace quickens. Will there be time? Why is a beautiful abused young woman in the center of this plot? Evil tendrils tighten on their lives and the interplay between the visible and invisible world shows opposing forces at work. Will there be a rift in evil? Will they be able to stop the evil in time? - Published: September, 2010 - Format: Perfect - Pages: 208 - ISBN: 9781450250894 from Barnes and Noble, Amazon, iUniverse. Chapters |Frugal Eating Advice |Good advice for students living on limited $'s. Click on the image! May you be blessed today!

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9 Best Programming Languages for Blockchain Development The blockchain industry has already reached that point of development when it consists of several competitive ecosystems that rule the market and dictate the terms of your future project. To navigate this complex landscape, it’s important to have a deep understanding of the various blockchain programming languages that are used to build and deploy decentralized applications (dApps) on these ecosystems. At the moment, we’ve got a huge ecosystem of EVM blockchains, including Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, etc. Next, there are two big projects that connect different ecosystems based on interoperability: Polkadot with Substrate-based projects and Cosmos with Cosmos SDK-compatible projects. Besides, you can find some young, fast-paced ecosystems (Solana or Secret Network), a self-sufficient DFINITY, and pretty old but still worthy ecosystems of Telos and EOS, let alone the whole family of Bitcoin forks and altchains. Blockchain is not going anywhere – only in 2021, the worldwide spending on blockchain solutions reached $6.6B, which is projected to triple by 2024. And that’s why, if you really want to stay on top of the charts and build a successful product popular with many users worldwide, you should think of the technology stack ahead. Depending on the blockchain ecosystem you choose for the project, you’ll encounter different programming languages used in these blockchains and frameworks. The main hardship would be to choose the one that fits you best. That’s why, today, we’ll share top blockchain coding languages that you should consider for developing a genuinely timeless product. We’ll describe the pros and cons of these blockchain languages, as well as the history of their creation. Hopefully, this will help you make up your mind and find an experienced team who will help you build an outstanding project. Why are we considering only 9 programming languages? The Blaize team has been developing custom blockchain solutions for over five years, working on well-known projects and building our own products. We are proud to say that in this time, we’ve mastered popular programming languages used in blockchain development and smart contract design, and now we have enough expertise to compile the list of winners. Due to our knowledge of programming languages for building blockchain apps and experience in this area, we could assess the most perspective directions of the further blockchain industry evolution. This allowed us to select the ecosystems that are not only trending right now but will be in demand in the years to come. And, of course, we decided to share this information with you. We believe that such a list of must-have blockchain development languages will help you kick into gear fast and create an incredible project. TOP 9 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR BLOCKCHAIN & SMART CONTRACT DEVELOPMENT So finally, we’ve come to the best part – we’ll share top blockchain programming languages for modern smart contracts and dApps development. Many programming languages can be used in the blockchain, but in our opinion, the best are Solidity, Go, Rust, С++, Move and Motoko. Choose wisely, and don’t forget to hire experienced developers for your team to get the most out of the language of your choice! Rust – The best programming language for blockchain development Rust is a relatively young blockchain programming language that has already proven its efficiency. It entered the spotlight not that long ago, brought to the wider audience by Parity, which has developed a relevant Ethereum client. One of the Parity founders, Gavin Wood, soon greatly contributed to the mass Rust adoption at his presentation about the interoperable blockchain Polkadot and its framework Substrate. After this, other large players of the blockchain market have started appreciating the Rust language and its advantages. And thanks to that, we can now use high-speed networks like Solana, NEAR, Secret Network, and other young blockchains that work on the technology edge. What is Rust? Rust is a multi-paradigm programming language that was specifically created for enhanced performance and safety. It offers great documentation, a vast set of developer tools, and a friendly compiler with helpful error messages. Rust is probably the most efficient crypto programming language for smart contract development since it enables productive collaborative work for project teams, as well as open source developers who want to contribute to the protocol. The Rust language allows programmers to control low-level details without any hassle or micro-management, providing a great balance of technical capacity and coding experience. On top of that, Rust enables top-notch speed and stability by means of the real-time compiler that checks the code through feature additions and refactoring. Thus, this language corresponds to all the primary requirements for blockchain development and much more. - Clear development guidelines; - Zero-cost abstractions; - Memory efficiency; - Self-upgradability function due to the use of WASM; - Concurrency-based opportunities; - Management of mutable states. Rust Blockchains Examples - Solana – a high-performance blockchain that provides the fastest-growing ecosystem in crypto. It offers low-cost transactions (less than $0,01 for developers and users) and great speed (400 millisecond block time). - Substrate – a blockchain framework that allows developers to build customized blockchains for any use case quickly and easily. - NEAR – a full ecosystem that includes a sharded, proof-of-stake, layer-one blockchain, a Foundation, and a huge network of community members, including developers, businesses, and creatives. - Parity.io – a blockchain infrastructure for the decentralized web that allows protocols to operate seamlessly at scale and enter the world of Web 3.0. - Polkadot – a decentralized Web 3.0 blockchain network that enables cross-chain interoperability and scalability. Rust is widely considered the best language for blockchain development due to its strong focus on safety, speed, and memory efficiency. Choose Rust if you’d like to work with fast networks and new concepts in the blockchain industry or if you want to develop for Solana or NEAR. Read Also: Delving deeper into specific platforms? Discover the intricacies of NEAR smart contracts and unlock advanced development potential. Go has already made a name in the blockchain world, and similar to the story of Rust, it all started with Ethereum. To be precise, it has begun with Geth, an Ethereum Go-client that is currently the most widespread solution among all Ethereum clients. The next stage of the Go adoption in the blockchain community was connected with the introduction of the Cosmos interoperable chain and its Cosmos SDK, the framework for fast blockchain development. Then, the popularization of Go happened due to Tendermint, a BFT consensus that is integrated by many blockchain clients. Eventually, at the moment, Go is a pretty widespread programming language that is used in many ways. Read: Ethereum dApp Development Guide What is Go? Go (often called Golang) is an open-source programming language that was modeled after C at Google and is currently used for many purposes. Golang is one of the best blockchain programming languages nowadays since it has an easy and readable syntax and fast compilation time. It is a single language that enables simultaneous programming, which is highly beneficial for many teams. Moreover, it is relatively easy to maintain in the long run and efficient compared to other blockchain coding languages, especially legacy ones. - Very easy to learn; - Readability and usability; - High-speed performance; - Easy to maintain in the long run; - Suitable for high-performing programs and distributed ecosystems. - Go-Ethereum – one of the three original implementations (along with C++ and Python) of the Ethereum protocol. Currently, it is available either as a standalone client called Geth or as a library that can be embedded in Go, Android, or iOS projects. - Cosmos – an ever-expanding ecosystem of interconnected apps and services connected with IBC, the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol. - Hyperledger Fabric – an open-source blockchain framework hosted by The Linux Foundation. It is modular and versatile, which allows for creating various dApps and blockchain solutions. Choose Go if you are looking for a programming language that can be easily learned and used both in EVM chains and new alternative chains. By the way, Blaize has been providing blockchain consulting services for several years, leveraging our expertise in Golang and other programming languages to help clients build efficient and secure blockchain solutions. Contact us to learn more about our blockchain consulting services. C++ is an iconic programming language because it was used by Satoshi Nakamoto himself to create the Bitcoin chain. And this means that the whole altchain family, including Litecoin, PIVX, Qtum, Dogecoin, and many more, is built with C++. Besides, the C++ language is used to develop EOS and Telos blockchains with their framework of smart contracts. What is C++? C++ is one of the oldest general-purpose programming languages that was also used as a blockchain coding language by many world-famous projects. Even though C++ was first used in 1985, it remains a popular choice among blockchain developers and DeFi products. The main reason is that it offers exquisite CPU and memory control, which is essential for any blockchain, as well as high efficiency, code isolation, and compile time polymorphism. - Efficient CPU management and memory control; - Ease of running parallel/non-parallel threads; - Option to move semantics for copying data effectively; - Compile-time polymorphism for enhanced performance; - Code isolation for different data structures and more. - Bitcoin – the first blockchain and the first cryptocurrency in the world. Having been created as an electronic peer-to-peer currency, Bitcoin has already exceeded the $60K threshold and is projected to rise in value again. - Litecoin – the second-oldest cryptocurrency that forked from Bitcoin and became one of the first known altcoins. - Ripple – one of the leading blockchain solution providers that has created a real-time gross settlement system, a currency exchange, and a remittance network, among other developments. - Stellar – an open-source network for currencies and payments that offers a wallet and a decentralized exchange, enabling fast crypto, forex, and securities trades. - EOS – an open-source blockchain protocol that allows programmers to develop, host, and run dApps. EOS aims to handle millions of transactions per second and offer top-notch scalability and flexibility. Choose C++ if you need an old, reliable programming language that many blockchain developers know. You can use it both for building blockchains and smart contracts. Solidity – The best programing language for smart contract development Developers from all over the world choose Solidity for its accessibility, precision, and extreme flexibility, which is highly valued in the blockchain industry. The whole DeFi sphere is built with the help of Solidity, from Uniswap to Chainlink. The majority of projects choose it for smart contract development, which is no wonder as it is concise, well-defined, and pretty easy to learn and use. What is Solidity? Solidity is an object-oriented high-level smart contract programming language that was created specifically for running smart contracts on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). This makes Solidity a perfect match for developing smart contracts and dApps on blockchain. - Statically typed programming; - The possibility of inheritance properties in smart contracts; - Precise accuracy. - Ethereum – all smart contracts that run on Ethereum are made with Solidity. The language was specifically created for developing and running programs on EVMs. - Chainlink – Solidity was used for creating smart contracts on Chainlink, a decentralized oracle network that enables computations on and off blockchain. - Uniswap – an ecosystem consisting of a protocol, a cryptocurrency exchange, a growing network of DeFi Apps, and many other pieces of the infrastructure all governed by the community. Uniswap was built with the help of Solidity, too. - Compound – a protocol on the Ethereum blockchain that establishes money markets. It is an algorithmic, autonomous interest rate protocol built to create various dApps. Compound smart contracts were created using Solidity. Choose Solidity for developing smart contracts since it is a perfect language for this purpose. In the dynamic landscape of blockchain development, Move stands out as an innovative beacon, charting new territories in the domain of programming languages. Birthed by Facebook’s subsidiary, Novi, for the then Libra project, Move goes beyond traditional paradigms, blending advanced architectural designs with a unique approach to handling digital assets, setting a new benchmark for blockchain-oriented languages. WHAT IS MOVE? Based on Rust, a popular, multi-purpose programming language, Move was meticulously crafted and brought to life for the Diem (formerly Libra) blockchain project. Its design philosophy is underpinned by a resource-oriented model, which brings an unprecedented level of safety and assurance to digital transactions. Unlike traditional languages where data can be easily copied or replicated, Move treats digital assets as resources that are singular in nature. This means they cannot be inadvertently cloned or simultaneously exist in two locations. Such a groundbreaking approach ensures that every transaction retains its authenticity, reducing the risk of asset duplication or theft, especially vital in the context of financial transactions on a blockchain. Additionally, Move is built to be modular, allowing developers to craft, publish, and manage custom modules, bringing a high degree of flexibility and scalability to blockchain projects. This language, operating at the bytecode level, introduces a new era of efficiency. Instead of going through the traditional route of compilation into bytecode as seen in Ethereum’s Solidity, Move leverages its native Move Virtual Machine (MVM). The result? Speed, precision, and a step closer to the machine’s heart. Read also: Blockchain in Healthcare - Move prevents the unintentional duplication or deletion of assets. - Designed with the prevention of asset fraud in mind, ensuring safe and authenticated transactions. - As a modular language, developers can define and publish custom modules that declare their own resource types. - Offers control over the data layout and how modules interact, facilitating a more predictable and secure environment. - Exclusively crafted for blockchain, ensuring seamless transactions and efficient use of resources. - Move stands out with its verifiability. Dynamic dispatch mitigation ensures clarity during execution, and modularity ensures each segment can exist without inadvertently affecting another, simplifying code verification processes. - Move diversity in components and specialized modules, Move aims to preempt potential threats, like re-entrancy attacks, enhancing the security layer. - Working hand-in-hand with the MVM, the built-in bytecode interpreter ensures seamless executions. Diem (formerly Libra) – the primary and most significant implementation of Move is the Diem blockchain itself. The very platform for which Move was created, Diem’s smart contracts and transaction scripts, are written using Move, ensuring security and flexibility at its core. Dfinance – a decentralized platform for issuing stablecoins and creating financial instruments, Dfinance leverages Move for its smart contracts, benefiting from its safety-first approach. Sui – a perfect example of Move’s adaptability in the modern blockchain arena, Sui harnesses Move’s power to craft a blockchain that emphasizes scalability, without compromising on decentralization and security. The “blockchain trilemma”, which posits the challenge of a blockchain being simultaneously decentralized, secure, and scalable, is being addressed head-on by Sui. By leveraging Move, Sui seeks to offer a solution that maintains a balance among these three aspects, differentiating itself from blockchains like Ethereum, which, while being decentralized and secure, struggles with scalability. Aptos – Aptos embodies the essence of Move to develop a blockchain infrastructure that’s both scalable and composable. In a sector seemingly inundated with layer 1 blockchains such as Solana, Avalanche, and Tron, Aptos, powered by Move, has reignited interest and demand for innovative layer 1 solutions. Like Sui, Aptos is also making strides towards resolving the blockchain trilemma, emphasizing a harmony between decentralization, security, and scalability. Choose Move if you want a robust and expressive language tailored for blockchain, designed with asset security and system efficiency in mind. Motoko is a great choice of programming language for blockchain and smart contract development in the DFINITY ecosystem. If you haven’t heard of DFINITY yet, it is a non-profit organization that develops the Internet Computer, a public blockchain network platform based on the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP). It is a rather isolated chain that was created from the concept of a world computer that cannot be shut down and was launched only in 2021. At the moment, DFINITY has its own isolated DeFi ecosystem, which works similar to the modern DeFi we’re used to. The only difference is that it was written in Motoko and has no connections with regular EVM chains. Due to the isolated nature of DFINITY, the Motoko language remains in demand and can compete with EVM chains and Solidity. What is Motoko? Motoko is a relatively new programming language created for developing smart contracts directly on the Internet Computer by the DFINITY foundation. The language was created with blockchain technology in mind, so it is aimed to be secure and versatile while providing all the necessary tools for convenient and fast dApps development, as well as supporting the unique features of the Internet Computer. Motoko provides native support for the Internet Computer canisters (smart contracts), sequential style, simple modern coding style, and multiple features to help you leverage orthogonal persistence. All of these features make it an easy and safe language for the Internet Computer ecosystem. Read also: Blockchain in Healthcare - Automatic memory management; - Productivity and safety features; - Built-in support for orthogonal persistence; - Fixed-precision arithmetic. - Internet Computer – a modern public blockchain that allows for deploying secure, autonomous, and tamper-proof canisters (smart contracts) and running them at web speed. Choose Motoko if you want your project to be a part of the DFINITY ecosystem. Use this language for smart contract development. Java, renowned for its object-oriented approach and platform-independent bytecode, has been a primary force in the software development arena. Its concurrent execution capability, enabled by its robust JVM (Java Virtual Machine), has led to its significant application in distributed systems, including blockchains. - NEO Blockchain – one of the unique features of the NEO blockchain is its compatibility with multiple programming languages, including Java. Developers can deploy and invoke smart contracts on the NEO blockchain using Java, making it a convenient choice for those familiar with the language. - Corda – Corda, developed by R3, is an open-source blockchain platform tailored for businesses. Corda stands out because of its reliance on familiar enterprise development languages, particularly Java. - web.js & ethers.js – these libraries are foundational for developers interacting with Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) chains. They offer a streamlined interface to communicate with smart contracts and nodes. Python’s readability and simplicity make it a preferred choice for developers venturing into new domains, including blockchain. Its versatility ensures it serves as a foundation for various SDKs, dialects, and blockchain tools. - Algorand – this blockchain platform offers algokit, a suite of tools with Python at its core, facilitating interactions with the Algorand network. - NEO Blockchain – apart from Java, NEO also supports Python for smart contract development. NEO’s developer section offers insights into Python-powered contracts. - ProSaga Blockchain – Python plays a vital role in the ProSaga platform, enhancing its capabilities. - Celo SDK – Python forms the foundation for some Celo toolkits, enabling easier blockchain interactions. - Vyper – a contract-oriented programming language, Vyper is built around Python principles and is used for EVM smart contracts. - web3py – similar to web.js, this is an SDK for Ethereum, but tailored for Python enthusiasts. - Brownie – a Python-based framework, Brownie aids in Solidity development and testing. TYPES OF BLOCKCHAIN PROGRAMMING Blockchain development extends beyond mere code writing; it encapsulates a spectrum of tasks, each demanding its distinct expertise. - Blockchain Core Development: At the heart of blockchain technology lies the core protocol. Developers in this sphere work to design the architectural foundations: consensus algorithms, data models, and the core logic governing transactions. - Smart Contract Development: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. Languages like Solidity and Move are dominant in this space. Developers focus on creating decentralized applications (dApps) on platforms such as Ethereum, Diem, and Polkadot, ensuring contracts are secure and free from vulnerabilities. - Blockchain Software Development: This concerns the creation of tools, interfaces, and applications that are not part of the core protocol but interact with it. For instance, wallet software, interfaces for smart contract interaction, or blockchain explorers fall under this category. WHAT ARE THE SKILLS REQUIRED FOR BLOCKCHAIN DOMAIN? Embarking on a blockchain career demands a fusion of technical and conceptual prowess: - Understanding of Cryptographic Principles: Grasping the underpinnings of public-key cryptography, hash functions, and digital signatures is essential given the security-centric nature of blockchain. - Decentralized System Design: A foundational understanding of P2P networks, consensus algorithms, and decentralized applications (dApps) is pivotal. - Data Structures: Being well-acquainted with data structures like Merkle trees and Patricia trees, which are core to blockchain’s functioning. - Basic Knowledge of Financial Principles: Given that many blockchain projects revolve around financial transactions, a rudimentary grasp of financial principles can be beneficial. At the same time, not that blockchain development domain is constantly developing and evolving which indeed requires a relevant constant professional growth from the specialist meaning learning new tools, techniques and skills. HOW TO LEARN BLOCKCHAIN PROGRAMMING Embarking on the blockchain journey demands structured learning and practical immersion. Here are some reputable resources: - Online Courses: Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and edX offer comprehensive courses on blockchain technology, diving deep into both the theoretical and practical aspects. - Official Documentation and Developer Portals: For hands-on learning, platforms like Ethereum’s Solidity documentation, Diem’s developer portal, and Polkadot’s substrate documentation are indispensable. - Blockchain Communities: Engaging with communities like Stack Exchange’s Ethereum community, Reddit’s r/ethereum and r/diem can provide real-time help, insights, and discussions. - Books: Titles such as “Mastering Blockchain” by Imran Bashir and “Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps” by Daniel Drescher offer in-depth knowledge. - Workshops and Bootcamps: Institutions like Consensys Academy and Blockchain Council offer workshops and bootcamps, bridging the gap between theory and hands-on experience. Blaize in collaboration with IdeaSoft has recently developed and launched 2 free comprehensive courses on development on Solana using Rust. Take a closer look at the process of creation of the courses and participate to start your blockchain development journey smoothly. Embarking on this journey requires consistent learning, as the blockchain landscape is ever-evolving. Stay updated, keep experimenting, and engage with the community for a holistic learning experience. Looking for blockchain developers for your project? If you are looking to hire blockchain developers for your project, the best possible solution is to get a professional outsourced team with relevant experience in the industry. And we’d be happy to offer you our services. Our team of 40+ programming engineers is proficient in the best languages for blockchain development. This means that we’ll be able to help you select the best option for your business and develop an efficient solution that your users will love. You may also like 10 best blockchain development companies which you should pay attention to. Over the 5+ years of Blaize existence, we’ve successfully completed 70+ projects and deployed 250+ smart contracts. Moreover, our Blaize.Security team has conducted hundreds of smart contract audits, helping blockchain projects eliminate smart contract vulnerabilities and secure their protocols. Read Also: How to build a lending platform based on blockchain As for blockchain development, we provide the following services: - Blockchain ecosystem development (cryptocurrencies, blockchain forks, blockchain-based platforms, nodes, cross-chain bridges); - Decentralized application development (dApps, exchanges, DAOs, staking platforms, crypto wallets, games); - Smart contract development (smart contracts, stablecoins, security audits, token emission and distribution); - Creating developer tools (Python and Java SDKs, APIs, online and offline IDEs, plugins); - Developing enterprise blockchain solutions (governance systems, logistics solutions, supply chains, compliance systems); - Blockchain integration (for centralized exchanges, micropayment services, marketplaces, CRMs, ERPs). Here at Blaize, we can offer any solution that might suit your needs best. You can hire a dedicated outsourced team or just a few specialists that would collaborate with your developers; you can get only one task done or the whole scope of work for your project, regardless of its size. The opportunities are endless, so get in touch and get your product done with no headaches or delays. Read: How to create a stablecoin or how to boost smart contract security. There are quite a few noteworthy ecosystems with plenty of programming languages for developing blockchain solutions, but eventually, you’ll need to choose one. It is not the easiest choice to make, so to get through the whole process smoothly, you should focus on choosing an ecosystem first. Yet, please don’t forget that the ecosystem selection imposes the coding language, too, and a certain level of expertise in it. That’s why, if you are looking to hire blockchain developers for your project, turn to Blaize.Tech – we will offer the best deal for your business. With extensive hands-on experience in blockchain and smart contract development, our specialists will help you build any product. Contact us today to get a custom blockchain solution that covers all your needs! Frequently asked questions What is the best blockchain programming language? The best languages for blockchain development include Rust, Go, C++, Solidity, Move and Motoko. As well, one shouldn’t forget about the traditional ones: Java, JavaScipt and Python that also perfectly fit for web3 development needs. According to Blaize experience, Rust suits blockchain development purposes best since it enables productive collaborative work, provides clear development guidelines and offers high speed, stability, and overall efficiency. However, you should choose the blockchain language based on the ecosystem for your project in the first place. What is the best blockchain programming language? The best languages for blockchain development include Rust, Go, C++, Solidity, and Motoko. According to our experience, Rust suits blockchain development purposes best since it enables productive collaborative work, provides clear development guidelines and offers high speed, stability, and overall efficiency. However, you should choose the blockchain language based on the ecosystem for your project in the first place. What is the best programming language for smart contract development? Solidity is currently the most popular programming language for smart contract development. Over 200K developers worldwide choose Solidity for its great accessibility, flexibility, and precision. How to choose a suitable blockchain coding language for a DeFi project? When building a DeFi product from scratch, you should start by choosing the ecosystem for your project, which will help you select the best-fit blockchain programming language. Decide on where you’d like to see your project, which “neighbors” and potential partners you want to have, and which opportunities you want to enable for users and developers. If you’d like to avoid any headache, contact the Blaize team to get a free extensive consultation on blockchain development and get a custom solution made specifically for your project. Where can I find professional blockchain developers? If you are looking for highly qualified engineers with hands-on experience in programming languages for developing blockchain-based products, the best option is to hire a ready-made outsourced team. Blaize has been focusing on custom blockchain development for over five years, growing the team and expanding our expertise. Contact us today for a consultation and get your task done in the next few weeks. What do you need to learn in order to start developing on the blockchain? To start developing on the blockchain, you initially need a deep understanding of cryptographic principles and decentralized architectures. Mastering a blockchain-specific programming language, such as Solidity for Ethereum or Rust for Polkadot, is paramount. Familiarity with distributed ledger concepts, consensus algorithms (like PoW or PoS), and smart contract mechanics is crucial. Furthermore, hands-on experience with development tools and frameworks, such as Truffle or Hardhat for Ethereum, will facilitate a smoother entry into practical development. Move vs Solidity. What’s the key points here?

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Late Friday: Don't hiss or boo...I'm not going political on you. I was just chuckling to myself recalling an incident with Josh today. He loves to sit in my desk chair which will spin about and can be rolled to and fro. He was spinning about today and told Bess, "I'm going to be President when I grow up." "Well son, that's an admirable and lofty ambition, but really think about this... It's a very hard job and lots of people who will tell you what to do. You won't get to order as many folks about as you might think." Josh frowned for a moment and then he smiled, "I fink I'll do it...and this is the President's chair!" We all smiled. After all it's a wonderful world we live in and it's every child's idea at one time or another that they might be leader one day. A little later Bess walked into the kitchen and said "Josh would you..." "Uhm Mom? You can call me, 'Mr. President'..." I've no idea what Bess was going to ask him to do. She just turned and walked back into the living room with a funny look on her face. Sunday: I had the loveliest day all to myself for a few hours yesterday. It wasn't exactly planned. I consider it a gift in two ways. A gift from God who knows I do need my time alone to recoup and a gift from my husband who might well have offered my services but took on a task himself instead. It really all began on Friday. Sam asked John to come help him work on something in the house when he came by here to pick up the rest of the laundry. I said very quietly, "I won't be available tomorrow..." I'd fought with a problematic ear all week long last week and it peaked on Friday. I'd also thought, mistakenly, that John and I were going to do something on Friday but when I approached him that afternoon he basically said "That boat has left the dock..." in a less polite way, lol. Oh. OK. I bit back my question, "But you do realize this is our last opportunity during your extended time off?" John wanted to go to the men's breakfast at church on Saturday morning. He was planning on working with Sam Saturday afternoon. Sunday he wanted to go to church... But if the boat was already out to sea then so be it. I hid my disappointment. Friday night turned out to be a night of no sleep. I think I'd just gotten over tired. I didn't even pretend I was going to budge when John got up to leave for the breakfast. I leisurely got up about forty minutes later and had my coffee and Bible study time and when I was showered and dressed, I pulled out my genealogy notebook and started copying over pages where I'd added information to pages in a messy way. I got up in a little while and prepped dinner and then John came in. I was just about to finish dinner off when Sam called. He needed someone to watch the boys while he ran to pick up material and I thought "Oh well...I guess it's just meant to be that I go keep the boys." Here's where John gifted me. He said to Sam, "We'll get this attended to in a minute." When he hung up the phone he looked at me and said "I'm going to go keep the boys and then work with Sam when he gets back. See you later!" And off he went. I could have cried out of gratitude. I had made up my mind if I was needed, I was needed ,but John knew I hadn't been feeling well the day before and he was determined to give me that day of rest. I had a lovely day to myself. I did nothing but genealogy work and research and had a couple of lovely stumble upons of information that I hadn't found before. I never turned on the television nor music and didn't get on computer until later in the afternoon. You know what? I think I need to have a day like that at least once a week. Yes, even foregoing the computer. I have a tendency to feel I must work if I'm on the computer...or worse, I'll start playing a mindless game and discover I'd been completely unaware of life for a few hours of time. What a waste! I do think those things have their purpose at times but not as a regular habit and lately it's been a habit with me. The result of this quiet day was that I slept like a top last night. A sure sign my mind needed that restful day as much as my body. This morning we had an awesome church service. Worship service was powerful. I thoroughly enjoyed it. I came to a couple of decisions in church today. There's a senior adult Bible study that's restarting in late August. It meets on Thursday mornings and I am planning to start going to that. I don't especially want to be part of a seniors group when I hardly feel senior but I think I'm going to go. I'm going to let go of this age related thing in my mind. I also sort of committed to going back to the writer's group. We'll see how that goes. I'm less apt to attend if the meetings are going to be in the evening because the drive home in the dark isn't fun. We enjoyed the sermon today, too. Lots of little revelations in that passage of scripture. My mind is still turning over those thoughts. We went by Lowes to pick up something for Sam's reno work. I have no idea what as I didn't accompany John into the main body of the store. I went over to the garden center and got myself $10 worth of landscape blocks (a total of 8). John asked why I was buying them. I pointed out that I'd just waste the money on something useless if I didn't. This makes my money count, small a sum as it might be. I'm not committing myself to laying them right away but I'll have them when I am ready to tackle big projects once again. For now, I stick to my resolve to just let August be a month without goals. It will give me time to look at the house and wardrobe and life and determine where I want to spend the bulk of my time. Monday: Sent John off to work this morning and was surprised to find it dark outside when I told him goodbye...Oh the season is slipping away quickly now! I enjoyed the soft morning air and quietly mourned the passing of the summer days albeit we've six weeks until fall. The signs become more clear daily that this season is bowing out. It's not just the dark morning but the turkey foot oaks and the Sweet Gum trees are dotted with colorful leaves. In years past I might say "Oh it's been so hot and dry, that's why..." but there's not been excessive heat nor lack of rain. And there's nothing except seasonal changes to account for the golden rod swaying tall and beginning to bloom in roadsides. After John was gone and I'd fed the pets and contemplated the signs of the season to come, I came indoors and found yet again I was inspired to do a little deeper cleaning than I'd thought I'd do today. I'd planned to follow my usual Monday routine but I decided to first toss the kitchen rugs into the wash and then I dusted the blinds front and back. Gosh but they were dusty. I hung the rugs outdoors then stripped my bed and bathroom and put those things to wash. When load two was stowed in the washer, I mopped the kitchen and our bathroom, which was cleaned well first. I didn't clean the kitchen until after I'd mopped. For no particular reason except that was how I worked this morning. I puttered about the house going from one task to another and had just decided that it was time to shower and refresh myself when Katie texted she'd like to run errands with me today. A little over thirty minutes later we hit the road. After I ran my first errand we headed to Target. Katie remembered seeing baby formula on clearance on the baby aisle. She's the sort that nests early on and is fully prepared with every thing well before time. So formula was on her mind today and we did indeed find the boxes of individual packets were half priced and bought all they had. These will be nice for the diaper bag. I just smiled as I typed that out about her nesting. I remember a visit we made when Katie was pregnant with Taylor. Katie showed me a little dresser she kept in the kitchen of their first apartment and she pulled out each drawer which was packed with baby food and cereal and then led me to a closet where she had several tubs of powdered formula...Yes, my girl believes in being fully ready for baby long before baby arrives and she believes in stockpiling enough that she always has a surplus. No child will ever go undiapered nor hungry if mothered by that girl. We looked at baby clothes and were so pleased with the Cat and Jack line at Target. So many cute baby boy items! And hats! I so want to get Isaac one of these: I just don't know what size he needs. His head is bigger than average. We oohed and ahhed over them. We scanned the clearance rack and picked up a couple of items and I lingered long over the little girls things wondering if Bess' baby will be a boy or a girl. When we returned late this afternoon, Katie asked me in to see the children's room. She'd done a whale of a lot of work moving Taylor from a small bedroom to the larger one and all of Mama's accumulated stuff from the larger bedroom to the smaller. Katie's even got the baby bed made up... The room is so cute. Her theme is cacti and llamas for the baby and Taylor's side of the room is a girly pink space because that's the sort of girl she is. Katie has used gray and an antique teal color and a sort of succulent green as well as a deep pink (since it's a shared room she pulled that from the cacti blossom) as her color theme. There's plenty of room to play and lots of light in the room which is something I love. She has pretty much gotten all the big stuff off Facebook Yard Sale and sites such as that for pennies on the dollar and has managed to pull things together with paint and fabric. When I'd admired all that she'd done, I headed home. I had my few groceries to put away and clothes to come in off the line. Honestly now, is there anything in the world more wonderful smelling than cotton sheets that have been hanging on the line in the sunshine?! Tuesday: John and I have turned into arm chair travelers. We've watched videos on YouTube of India, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Belasaurus. We've gone on cruises. We've visited cemeteries all over Hollywood. We've visited dozens of theme parks. I have thoroughly enjoyed these 'trips' albeit via digital waves. I figure it's likely the only places I'll get him to go besides the beaches in Florida and Georgia, lol. That's what we do most early evenings now. We sit and watch travel videos. See the world and never leave the luxury of home! Today was laundry day for Bess. Isaac adjusted in a minute to not having Josh about. He enjoyed being the only grandchild and took full advantage of the step stool to reach into the sink, look into the deep freezer, etc. He was fascinated by a lizard sunning himself on the landscape block right outside the living room which lead us to look up lizards online. I'd never seen this sort before this week. Misu was yowling at the door Saturday and I did NOT go to answer. I've learned my lesson with that cat! At any rate, I'd never seen the sort that she'd left behind after killing it on Saturday and it was the same sort today. Nothing but a "Common Lizard". But yes, it was bugs all last summer that fascinated Josh and now it's Lizards with Isaac. Oh how I love these boys, because honestly? Shivers even looking at photos of lizards. Wednesday: A random mix of stuff today. Mostly thoughts that are rambling through my head. A turkey breast is too much for John and I any more. A turkey is impossible to finish off for the two of us, so we began just buying turkey breast (bone in). But it's too much. I looked at the remains of the breast I cooked for Saturday's meal and realized we'd not finished even one half. I mentioned this to John on Sunday. "Have the meat department slice it in half." Good suggestion but no meat department will do that for you any longer. There was a day 25 or 30 years ago when they did. Now, to a store, all report it is a safety hazard and a liability risk. So I guess it's down to me to partially thaw and then bone it best I can. The other option is those little 3 pound roasts with the 1 pound gravy packet shoved inside the packaging (a perfectly useless over salted product in my opinion). Those run about $9 at Aldi, making the meat cost upwards of $4.50/pound, which galls me when turkey breast can be had for $1.79/pound at top price and for as little as $1.19 when on sale. For this particular breast I removed a whole section of cooked breast and put it in the freezer, but I'll own I'm less than happy with cooked turkey that has been frozen. It just loses something in the thawing. It's plenty moist, not drying out, but it lacks the texture and flavor that freshly cooked meat has. And yes, I am that picky! But being thrifty I'll make sure and use it all up, but next time... I also bagged up my carcass and skin for broth making one day in the future, as well as another container of small pieces. I will also say that this particular breast was cooked in the crock pot which is my least favorite method for cooking turkey. I much prefer it roasted but dislike it even roasted meat when it's been frozen. In other words, I don't like any cooked turkey once it's frozen. Ah well...I'll figure this out. We do like our turkey. There must be a good solution somewhere. Any suggestions? Yesterday we had a new game. Bess started it. She put the 'do-roar' mask on the stick horse. And Isaac thought a dinosaur ride would be fun. Well a dinosaur obviously can't trot or gallop the way a horse can, now can he? So Gramma heaved him this way and that as she stomped her feet one at a time and then roared. Let me tell you being a dinosaur is rigorous exercise, lol. I was so sore last night I kept waking up aching in various parts of my body and constantly had to change sleep positions. And yes, we realized later, when Isaac had given the 'Do-roar' to Grampa to hold that just possibly we might have set the stage for nightmares... Thursday: Sobering morning. I was working on the checkbook and running some 'expected budget' figures and holy moly! I am seriously debating just how much we can tighten the belt. I don't think it will be this snug every pay period but possibly this pay period will be the tightest one we've had to date. My consolation is that this is apparently a theme song for every August, at least according to my past blog posts. I expect it's as much to do with higher electric bills as it is that we had some major expenses last month (also typical July!) in big annual fees that came due. Sure, I had money set aside, but now I need to build those funds up again for the next time they come due... It's also partly due to John's losing a little time each pay period of late. Just a wee bit but it's enough to throw off the balance of everything. Well, he's planned his retirement date and he's using up accrued days of leave a little here and a little there and it affects us, each pay period. So after the sobering moment, I ran a projected budget for the coming quarter at the new rate of pay...Ow. Finally, I just put everything away and prayed. "God, you know what we've got coming due, what we need and what we'll have...and it doesn't fit. Show me what I need to do and thank you now for providing for all our needs to come." Really what else can you do? I remind myself this is good training for the slightly lower budget we'll have when John retires. I'd thought I'd slip out of the house for a bit of fun today but after my morning revelations it seemed prudent to stay home...and the deciding factor was when I looked in my wallet and realized I had half the money I thought I had. I clearly recalled just where the other half went, but I'd forgotten about that little bit of spending until I looked at my cash supply. Oh well. Staying home isn't the worst thing I can do. After all today is my only day alone for the next two weeks. So I'll just take advantage of it. I puttered around doing housework this morning. Nothing heavy, just the usual stuff. I mean to go clean another set of kitchen cabinet doors here in a minute or two. I had meant to do some outdoor work this morning but got caught up in food prep work. I put on a loaf of bread to bake (turned out beautifully this time) so we'll have loaf for Shabat tomorrow night and I started a batch of English muffin dough. It won't be ready to use until tomorrow morning and I'll need to get up extra early if I mean to have some for breakfast. I also made up a batch of Matzah Cracker Candy which is yummy and a good start on using up the matzah crackers from Passover. I have about half of them left though...I'll have to see what I can plan to do with them. I cleaned a second set of cupboard doors. I finished an entire wall except for those two little cupboards above the fridge. I'm not sure why they even put those there, honestly. I can't even reach them unless I use the step stool. Part of why I can't reach them is that the fridge sticks out so far from the wall and lower cabinets that it's ridiculous. Just one of my random thoughts, y'all. The point is I accomplished a bit more on a bigger job. After I cleaned the cupboards I decided that something fun was in order so I went off to my closet and started trying different combinations of pieces. I admit I got distracted. I played with my hair and found two other ways of styling that I liked right well. I played in the costume jewelry. I'm really loving the dramatic stacking of necklaces (much more showy than those delicate gold chains stacked) and I have a set of necklaces that worked well for that look. In the end, I puttered around for a bit over an hour, found a few new to me outfits using two main pieces and then decided I'd had enough of it all. Then I settled to look at Pinterest. I looked at all sorts of things: outfits, room décor, frugal tips (ack...some of the information out there for the younger frugal generation is sort of crazy stuff!), recipes, etc. I made notes in my notebook as I went along and found things that were good ideas. I have discovered a few things I didn't know and got inspired to do a few things. All in all it was a pretty decent day, spent attending to the business of home. Friday: Well here we are at the end again... I puttered and pondered all day long yesterday. I journaled. I pulled out my calculator and ran figures. Finally last night I realized that there is a way to manage this pay period. Not that I want to do it every pay period but for this pay period, it would work fine. Immediately John called to tell me he'd be working a little overtime today. No it's not ideal following a 24 hour shift to discover he must work on, but as I pointed out to him, "We can fuss...or we can simply say 'Thank you, God' for this overtime." He sighed deeply and said "You're right." He had no idea of course, the whole thing I'd been through in looking at bills yesterday but he does know that this is a stretching time for us and the lean season. Nevertheless he added, "But we're going to go out and eat tomorrow..." "We'll go someplace cheap and call it our get away," I told him. He agreed and that was our last conversation. I ran over figures in my mind once more and again felt sure we could do something this pay period to manage...I resisted the urge to go deal with the budget sheet right away. It was bedtime, not the time to be working yet. So I went to bed with some measure of peace last night. Up this morning at 7:30 which is late. I missed hearing the school bus come and go on the hill. I missed my usual moment of prayer for Josh and his day but spoke it as soon as I was up. Then I went into the kitchen to tackle my English muffins which had to rise a further 45 minutes once formed. I'm not happy at all with this recipe....I did as the cook suggested and it was a sticky mess and very delicate dough overall. I finally put them to rise and went off to have coffee and Bible study. Forty-five minutes later I was rather pleased with how the Muffins looked and heated my pan. What a sticky horrible mess moving them from the baking sheet where they were rising to the frying pan! The perfectly formed muffins were misshapen and lost their rising. They taste fine. But it's not the grand success I wanted and certainly did not go as well as my first Bagels. I'll be looking at other recipes to see how they play out. Oh well. Try, try again. After Bible study I pulled out the check register and found that indeed I could manage this pay period with the shifting about of things as it had come to me I might last night. Whew. It's not how I want every pay period to run but it will see us through this one and if next proves to be as snug then we shall have a proper sit down talk about what's to be done. Prayers on my part at present are that this is the only pay period and no such discussion shall ensue. John called me finally at 11am to day he was on a call...And so I figured our planned date was kaput. No tears or whimpers on my part. Such is life when you are a paramedic's spouse. He'd hit his second wind by the time he called to say he was on his way home and told me to get ready...so I shall end here. I used the broth from the turkey breast to cook stuffing and make gravy. Big mistake, it proved to be. I had sprinkled the turkey breast with a little seasoning salt and that made the broth super salty. We ate the meal all the same but not keen to eat the leftovers of the stuffing as a stand alone. I'll likely mix it with something...I'll have to be creative. Made a simple green bean casserole without fried onion rings. It was yummy and might become my go to recipe since it is also cheaper to make this dish in this manner. I meant to go by the grocery store to pick up bread on sale but that fell by the wayside Sunday afternoon. Since I made bread on Thursday night (even better than my first attempt!) I decided that we have plenty on hand for just now. Gave myself a full pedicure. Meat for Sunday dinner didn't thaw as expected. Plan B was also discarded. I went on to Plan C which worked out just fine. Decided to spend $10 on landscape blocks. I realized I'd just waste the money on something that didn't count for anything much. I'm back to the point where I want to make my money work as hard as it can. Odd as it might sound, it being just August and autumn a long way away for us here in Georgia, I am thinking hard already about what I want in my fall wardrobe. I'm going to try to shop mainly thrift stores this year for those pieces I want. We'll see how that works out. Set up four more outfits, having already worn two new to me combinations that I liked fairly well. I'm telling you, pinning outfits that inspire me on Pinterest and periodically reviewing them, really is a tremendous help in utilizing what I have. Katie needed lightbulbs and prefers the CFL type. Well I had three large boxes of them here at home that I haven't been using. We switched two years ago to LEDs because I like the brighter light they give. As we replaced our bulbs with the LEDs, I stashed all of the CFLs. I couldn't bring myself to toss a perfectly good light bulb even if I didn't especially care for them. Well they are off to a good home. At the grocery store I wanted only one item to restock in my pantry: mayonnaise. On sale for a buy one get one free price that was very reasonable, I bought six jars, costing me less than $10. John always remarks that we'll have mayonnaise 'forever' but gracious it doesn't last forever at all! In fact, I'm hoping to see another sale around labor day which is four weeks away. It will likely be the last time that big sales on ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, pickles, and baked beans occurs until next May. I'm planning to add another six jars to my stash, which should hold us until Memorial Day 2020 sales begin the cycle all over again. Sat down this afternoon and worked out a budget for the next four months. I needed to see on paper if a help I hope to continue giving could be fit into income without completely giving up any savings at all. Well it can be done according to the figures and so I can lay that worry aside and just do it without wasting my mental space. It can be done. It shall be done. I washed kitchen rugs. Sometimes I stop and thank myself for thinking ahead. My kitchen can be a noisy place. I need the softening curtains and rugs to bring the noise level down. However, I am also prone to drips and spills. I'd love to blame someone else but I'm the one who spends 50% of her time in the kitchen. I'm the one who does all that spilling! Rugs and spills...When I started looking for rugs I knew they would have to be cleaned and the easiest way to clean is to toss them in the washer, right? So I made sure I bought rugs that would both fit in my washer and were washable. And as I brought in those pristine once more rugs, I was pleased I'd taken the inspiration to buy the right sort of rugs. Made a loaf of bread and it wasn't exactly a fail...but I did find the dough extremely wet today. I added an extra cup of flour and as expected later found it touching the glass and about to overflow the edges of the bread pan. I poked at it a little bit and got it off the edges so it wouldn't burn. Bess and I determined that high humidity was the most likely reason. I had to pry the loaf from the pan but it smelled lovely and Bess and John enjoyed their pieces of it with butter. I'll try my hand at it again later in the week. It's turned out beautifully twice. No need to freak out because the third time it poofed. Made a steak for dinner. I was disappointed. One whole end was grizzle. Ugh. That is not typical of steaks I've gotten at Aldi in the past so no great fuss...but Maddie was awfully happy about it. I'd popped it in the freezer for a few hours and she considered it a great treat. Not a great kitchen day really between the grizzly steak and the slumped loaf of bread. My potatoes were starting to look a bit beyond fresh. I peeled them all, diced and stashed half in the fridge in a container of water, cooked half for a meal. In non-frugal news: threw out a some foodstuffs today. Some because it was so salty it was hard to eat in round one. Leftovers of food that just aren't good to me reheated (cooked cabbage and potatoes). Small portions of things left. It wasn't a load of food but it's more than I've tossed in months and months and it didn't feel good... I also moved some things to the freezer that I had no immediate plan to use up. Made Matzah Cracker Candy from Passover Matzah crackers. Made a second loaf of bread. It turned out beautifully. Ate a frozen leftover entrée for my lunch on the day I spent alone. Made my first English muffins. I kept thinking I'd print off some pictures to use in my bathroom but instead, I pulled two from my shed and hung them. No cost at all. I even reused the nail holes I'd already put in the wall. Earlier this week Dora (aka Gramma D) sent me this link for free Kindle books. I've downloaded a couple this week. https://www.thefussylibrarian.com/ Homemade English muffins. There are 8 on the counter now but what a mess that was. Frugal making, why yes it is, but honestly there's got to be a better way. Meals this week: Turkey, Stuffing, Green Bean Casserole, Waldorf Salad, Pound Cake John tells everyone that I cook Thanksgiving dinner several times a year and 'always in August'. Well I don't...but I do typically cook a turkey breast because it makes good sandwich meat for us. I figured he might as well have a taste of Thanksgiving Plan C: Tacos Plan A will move to Tuesday. Surely by then the meat will be thawed...Plan B was scratched due to lack of a key ingredient. I thawed/cooked the ground beef in a few minutes time. And dinner was good though a lot simpler than I'd planned. ate out with Katie Steak, Potatoes with onions, Salad Turkey slices, yellow rice, black beans I was soooo uninspired come mealtime this day. I didn't want turkey at all but there it was... leftovers for both my solo meals came from the freezer we're going out(C) Terri Cheney

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I. What is Home Telehospice? Home telehospice, the newest frontier of telehealthcare delivery, can deliver some of the usual hospice services now provided in patients' homes by usual hospice team members but now does so by using remote communications tools (the tele component, such as a telephone or a videophone). An example of telehospice delivery could involve a nurse using videophone contact to instruct a caregiver in repositioning a Foley catheter, as in this case: Of course the case has to occur late at night, with a patient in pain, family caregiver upset and worried about next steps if it were to be typical. A nurse at the caregiver's side would be a comfort. What's presented in this case comes close-that is, it shows how using new technologies in hospice can help the nurse to virtually be there for the patient and caregiver. Home telehospice can be understood, at its most basic, then, as a replication of some of the usual hospice services delivered in person by members of the hospice team. However, as we can note from this case example: Telehospice is NOT mechanizing the home hospice process - so that the "usual" in-person care is somehow mechanized and delivered in an automated way. Instead, it's meeting usual hospice needs differently. In addition, consider how tele-contact is being used to deliver needed care. The real live nurse is working with the tool and with the caregiver. In this case example as in many others now being generated in hospices around the country, it's clear that choosing the telehospice service option is NOT forcing patients and their in-home caregivers to choose between nurse and patient contact OR machine and patient contact (Kinsella, 2004). This case also provides an example of effectively using telehealth as an adjunct to and extension of services that can be provided to hospice patients and their caregivers today. By using this "remote" or "virtual" intervention, nurses and others on the hospice care team can significantly increase their contact level with their patients and the patients' caregivers and as a result, increase everyone's comfort level as well. Virtual contacts like these are more than a 21 st century novelty and certainly much more than a nicety for very sick patients and very worried family caregivers. More and more of this type of contact will be a hospice care delivery necessity, in fact, as this century progresses. We need only to familiarize ourselves with this country's impending healthcare staffing shortages in hospice as indeed in all of the healthcare system to appreciate the real need to identify and develop alternatives to conventional care service delivery. In addition, there is the need to care for burgeoning numbers of elderly patients who are now entering hospice and often at late stages of their lives and disease states than did patients in past decades. As a result, there are many more patients in today's hospice care, most needing many more services. These circumstances are among the factors affecting conventional hospice care delivery and should make us view telehospice as a potentially necessary new set of tools to provide needed services. II. Telehospice Use in the U.S. Today A look at the 15 programs in the U.S. which have begun to use telehospice at least in a small way suggests that early adopters are using the technology to see if and how well telehospice can replicate conventional hospice visits (Kinsella, 2004). Several home/hospice agencies are using full-scale telehealth workstations in a limited way with 5 or 10 very rural hospice patients to monitor certain, not all, physiological measurements, for instance. A prison-based telemedicine program is using tele-contact to assess and respond to pain levels experienced by two hospice patients living with HIV/AIDS. An overriding theme in these and other telehospice programs' development is the new capability to care for hospice patients who are particularly difficult to reach. These telehospice use efforts should not be dismissed because of the very limited service delivery that they are testing, however. A small-scale and tentative approach is typical of most new technologies' adoption. In addition, these particular examples mirror early use of home telehealthcare (home telehospice's closest relative, and now quite in the ascendancy in alternate site care delivery). Home telehealthcare in its early days a decade ago had in fact typically targeted tiny segments of chronic disease populations (the two elderly ladies with diabetes in Kansas, for instance) to get a footing in tele-technology use. Telehospice care delivery, though it shares many similarities with home telehealthcare, is very different from telehomecare service delivery. For one thing, a much broader range of health and comfort care services are required by hospice patients than by shorter-term home care patients. In addition, delivery of broader and comprehensive services to hospice is required, as identified within the scope of the Medicare Hospice Benefit (MHB). Familiarizing ourselves with this range of hospice services that ought to be delivered through conventional in-person means may help here, so that we can get a better sense of what should be planned for delivering, in part, via telehospice. We should note that hospice care services that are identified under the Medicare Hospice Benefit include: Under specific conditions (such as patients having a prognosis of 6 months or less to live; and patients' refusing curative measures), hospice services are paid for by the Medicare Hospice Benefit (MHB) or other similar insurers' hospice benefit, and paid for at a per diem rate of about $100. Telehospice services are included in this fixed payment amount. All covered services are provided free of charge to hospice patients. Telehospice's development today is particularly important apart from addressing impending shortages of providers to deliver these usual services. Many new groups of patients in addition to the expected large numbers of aging populations will be admitted to hospice care in the near future. This expected change is a result of hospices today undertaking extensive outreach education to underserved populations who are not even aware of the existence and availability of hospice services. In these cases, we are looking at large numbers of culturally diverse patients and their family caregivers, many of whom may be located in already physically difficult to reach geographic locations. It is imperative that we locate new tools and alternate forms of delivery to serve these new hospice patients and provide targeted and appropriate care. In addition, and not be overlooked, is the needier state of patients entering hospice today who require multiple and complex services delivered at a rapid schedule to provide needed comfort care. Delivering adequate services to all hospice patients requires us not only to increase usual contact with patients but use telehospice tools to significantly augment hospice care services that are required by today's more needy hospice patients. III. Tools of Home Telehospice Let's say that we do decide to start at step one of telehealth planning for hospice-which has long been thought of as the highest touch and lowest tech mode of service delivery of all- and simply try to replicate conventional hospice care services using telecommunications technologies in part to augment hospice visits. What tools are available to do so? Among telecommunications-ready tools that may be appropriate for home telehospice are these, as noted in Figure 1, below. Figure 1. Telecommunications-ready tools that may be used for telehospice The range of potential tools for telehospice delivery continues to grow. When choosing to use any or all of these tools in hospice, realistic expectations of how delivery can be improved include the ability to provide We clearly have many new opportunities to "connect" with patients using telecommunications-ready tools. However, not all telecommunications-ready tools can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional hospice care services. In fact, none of the tools on the list in Figure 1 is specifically a telehospice-ready tool. Few designers/manufacturers of telehealthcare tools have even considered whether there are any needed design issues for end-of-life patient needs (Kinsella, 2001). This is an important issue that hospice providers could do well to correct at this early stage in telehospice development, by contacting engineers and designers about specific needs for hospice. Hospice patients are usually more fragile and needy than home care patients. New tools (such as those in Figure 1), designed for the most part for home telehealthcare delivery, must be matched appropriately to the hospice patients' (and/or their caregivers') needs and to their capabilities to use them correctly and safely-a concern that will be addressed in the segment below. IV. Making the Match Between Telehospice Tools and Patients and/or Family Caregivers Matching telecommunications-ready tools with hospice patients' and family caregivers' needs and capabilities is essential for ensuring that the tools are used correctly and safely. Please refer to our Patient Assessment segment in the Home Telehealthcare essay for details on the kinds of capabilities patients must have to be assigned appropriately to home telehealth and so likely benefit from telehealth's use. A sample form is provided for this assessment there. All of these qualities and capabilities-to adequately hear, see, understand directions, and so on-apply to telehospice patients and/or their caregivers, too, and must be assessed before assigning any patient to telehospice. But there's more. We must also bear in mind that we are choosing tools that match the patients' capabilities today and that these capabilities may decline sometimes significantly during the hospice admission period. Thus there is a clear need for assessment of patients and caregivers before assignment to telehospice as well as reassessment of patients during the admission at intervals that are specified by each agency. Reassessments in particular need to be undertaken at least once- the findings can guide hospice team members in continuing to use telehospice interventions productively. On reassessment, hospice providers can gauge whether and how care delivery should proceed-that is, with or without ongoing tele-support, depending on the patients' status and caregivers' needs and comfort levels. The importance of assessing and reassessing patients as appropriate for telehospice really can't be emphasized enough. The increased and focused contact that telehospice allows actually requires that patients and their caregivers become in effect important members of the hospice team. They can and must send or tell their hospice providers about the patient's status and needs so that the providers can plan and deliver the appropriate care. For this reason, it is absolutely critical that patients and/or family caregivers can communicate well, and can use the technology correctly. Appropriate assignment to telehospice clearly require more than patients and family caregivers simply agreeing to receiving off-site contact or televisits some of the time. V. New Delivery Approaches At this early state of its development, there isn't evidence yet of widespread use of telehospice and of its effectiveness. However, interesting new approaches for using telehealth and educational focuses as they relate to hospice and telehospice are being tested and with good results. One new approach uses telehealth to inform people in home care about the availability of hospice services and the nature of its range of services. Home telehealth equipment is being used as a transitional tool for patients to encourage patients to enter hospice service as death nears. Carol Pearce, RN, of Alacare Home Health and Hospice Birmingham, AL, reports cases of patients being treated for congestive heart failure (CHF) using telemonitoring workstation equipment and being able to note their own significant decline. Counseling for these patients and their families has been remarkably more convincing, she notes, as difficult decisions about accepting approaching death and enrollment in hospice have needed to be made. These transitions which are typically accompanied first by denial, anger, and fear-common to all of us as death is known to be imminent-have been made easier with the telemonitored information on the patients' decline at hand. In this case at Alacare, telehealth has been used to educate/inform patients and their families about the appropriateness of hospice care. A second new approach also uses telehealth as an educational tool to inform people about hospice and is being tried as part of an outreach effort to contact typically underserved populations in hospice, such as African Americans and Asian Americans. Dr. George Demiris, who heads the Missouri Telehospice Project that spans five rural home health agencies has noted that use of telehealth at these agencies enables staff to connect with patients that are not usually seen in hospice. Once contact has been made through home care and telehomecare, then the nurses can more easily inform these patient about hospice services and availability of the services to them. Examples of other underserved populations, particularly those residing in rural America, and who are learning about hospice and its availability are increasingly being shared by the estimated 15 home telehospice programs that are currently underway, as of 2004 (Kinsella, 2004). However, quite an interesting example of extending care and minimizing barriers to care is provided by Gina Banks, RN, WOCN, of Integris Healthcare ( Oklahoma City , OK ), in a case which indicates that telehealth in some instances may also be useful for providing evidence of demonstrable needs for particular health service. Ms. Banks notes a case of a very rural hospice patient whose severe wounds required specialized care. However, this patient's doctor refused to consent to ordering such services unless the ill and fragile patient could be examined by him personally in his offices. She notes: VI. Directions for Telehospice Like telehomecare, studies of telehospice are showing that more frequent and as-needed contact with patients can provide needed care in a timely manner. But we are currently at the very edge of this new frontier-telehospice. Once we have used the capabilities at our disposal to introduce patients and their caregivers to hospice care, we will also need to find out how this mode of contact can raise the comfort level of patients and family caregivers by helping them feel connected to professional service or advice at the touch of a button. Why is this contact so important? There is neither staffing nor funds to provide 24/7 professional care to most hospice patients. In fact, the great onus of daily hospice care delivery is placed on the patient and particularly on the family caregiver. As many hospice industry observers have noted, these caregivers are untrained, ordinary people who suddenly are thrust into a role of providing the same care that a team of professionals would have rendered in the hospital setting. Many if not most of these caregivers need regular and frequent contact. They very much need to be shown and told what to do. We have the opportunity today with telehospice not to have patients and their caregivers just choose between machine or nurse or possibly no care at all. Rather, in view of impending nursing shortages and other factors that will potentially limit conventional hospice services, we need to look at using all appropriate means-machine, nurse, caregiver/team player, and all other such resources-to better extend improved care and comfort measures as patients near the end of life. For its part, telehospice's role must be wide ranging as well and extend on, not merely replicate usual care services so that more than adequate clinical care and support is provided to patients who are nearing the end of life and to their caregivers. As a result of taking a broad approach to using telehospice and other adjuncts to conventional hospice care service delivery, we can better increase patients' comfort levels. And, increasing patients' comfort levels is of course one of the key tenets of hospice service delivery. Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare. 1998. Viewed online, August 10, 2005, http://www.dartmouthatlas.com/pdffiles/ATLAS98.PDF on the availability of hospice, particularly in geographically distant areas of the U.S. Government Accounting Office. 2000. Medicare: More Beneficiaries Use Hospice, Many Factors Contribute to Shorter Periods of Use . Washington , DC : GAO. Information For Tomorrow. 2004. Telehospice: Needed and Improved Services at End of Life. Installment of the Home Telehealth Community of Care page, at: http://www.informationfortomorrow.com/community/telehospice.htm Viewed August 10, 2005. Jennings , B., Rhydes, T., D'Onofrio, C., Baily, A. 2003. Access to Hospice Care: Expanding Boundaries, Overcoming Barriers. Garrison , NY : The Hastings Center . Special supplement, Mar/Apr. 60 p. Kinsella, A. 2003. Home Telehealthcare: Process, Policy and Procedures. Kensington , MD : Information for Tomorrow. See particularly pp. 130-131 for a sample of the Patient Assessment as Appropriate for Telehealth Service Delivery form. Kinsella, A. Mar. 2001. Tailoring telemedicine for end of life needs. Virtual Mentor segment of American Medical Association's Web site, at: Kinsella, A. 2004. Telehospice: A Resource Manual for Program Development and Implementation. Asheville , NC : Information For Tomorrow. National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization. 2003. What is hospice and palliative care? Alexandria , VA. Online at: http://www.nhpco.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3281 Viewed August 10, 2005. Schmidt, LM, Kinsella, A. 2003. Enhancing communications with multicultural patient populations. Caring Magazine , Mar.: 32-35.

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Is America nearing judgment? Are the recent shakings that have come upon this nation a sign that it’s approaching? Has the biblical mystery of national judgment revealed in The Harbinger continued up to this moment? Is the pandemic, the economic collapse and the breakdown of American society all part of this mystery? Does the mystery reveal the future and what lies ahead for us, and is there hope? If we are approaching calamity, how much time do we have? And what are the most important things we need to know for the days ahead? We have never experienced anything like what we’re experiencing now. It’s unprecedented. A deadly pandemic, an economic collapse that rivaled the Great Depression, social unrest that rivals the worst upheavals of the 1960s and a lockdown that has never been experienced before in world history have struck the nations—and specifically America—all at the same time! Even the irreligious and unspiritual are seeking to understand what’s happening—if there’s a deeper reason behind it, if it’s a warning or a wake-up call, and where it will all lead. Could it all be part of an ancient biblical mystery that not only reveals what is now happening, but pinpoints the time when it would all come upon the world and our nation—and where we are heading next? The Beginning of the Mystery When America was shaken on the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, I knew we were entering a new era with ominous implications for the nation’s future. I was standing on the corner of Ground Zero when I noticed the remains of a fallen tree. Something told me that there was something there I had to search out. It was a fallen sycamore tree. It turned out to be the first puzzle piece of an ancient mystery that kept getting bigger and bigger. It became The Harbinger—the revelation that ancient harbingers of judgment that appeared in the last days of ancient Israel have now appeared on American soil. Some of the harbingers manifested in New York City. Some manifested in Washington, D.C. Some involved objects and ceremonies. Some involved American leaders—even the president of the United States. Each of them is a warning of coming calamity and judgment. It was the first book I had ever written. By the grace of God, it became a bestseller, spread across America and the world and was read by millions. But The Harbingerwasn’t the end of the mystery—it was the beginning. It was the beginning of a prophetic template of judgment that unfolds step by step. It was the first shaking of future shakings, the first harbinger of future harbingers and the first warning of what was yet to come and what the future would see. I always knew that the mystery was to continue, and I would one day write the sequel. I was often asked about it. But I had always held off. I always knew that it could not be written until the time was right. Beyond that, what I put in The Harbingerwas only one piece or dimension of the mystery. There was much I had to hold back from putting into a book because it wasn’t the time. At the same time, the mystery never stopped. It kept advancing. I watched as other biblical signs, harbingers and manifestations began appearing in America—revealing, calling, warning. But it still wasn’t the time. From The Harbinger to Now: The Fall of America In The Harbinger’s template of judgment, after having been shaken by a strike of terror that was actually a wake-up call from God to return to Him, the nation ignores the call and, instead of returning, hardens itself and turns even further away from God, warring against His ways. The signs continue to manifest and then come greater shakings and greater, until the nation either finally turns back or enters into its judgment. After the shaking of 9/11, instead of repentance and return, America hardened itself all the more to the voice and calling of God and turned even further away from Him. We have watched as our nation’s culture has not only turned away from God but now brazenly wars against Him, His ways and His people. Now we are nearing the most dangerous time. What has happened to America since that day was all laid out in the biblical template of judgment of which I wrote in The Harbinger.That leads up to where we are now. The Harbinger II: The Return In the biblical template, after the first shaking (9/11), the nation is given a window of time, a span of years in which to return in repentance and revival or to draw near to judgment. As the year 2020 approached, I began to feel an increasing sense of urgency—that the window of time America was given, or at least one of those windows, was coming to a close. The end of The Harbinger actually speaks of what was to come—and what is now taking place before our eyes. It gives a specific time period from the biblical template that pinpointed the year 2020—that in that year, great shakings would come upon America. At the end of 2019, I was praying to God as to what my next book would be. It was then that I received a very clear answer: After eight years of holding back, the time had come to write the sequel and reveal what I had been led to hold back until that moment. I knew the time was critical, and it had to be now. The new book would be called The Harbinger II: The Return. In the first week of 2020, I did two things. I sat down with my publisher and told them that this was the year I was to write it. And I spoke to Beth Israel, the congregation I lead in Wayne, New Jersey, and told them of 2020 being a year of shakings, dark events and the Lord’s roaring, and that we were to prepare and pray for revival as never before—as it would be the only hope. I began writing The Harbinger II in three parts. The first, The Unrevealed, is the revelation of what I held back when I wrote The Harbinger:the biblical signs and warnings that manifested in America that speak to what is happening in our midst. The second part is the revelation of what has actually happened since The Harbinger was released: the signs, manifestations and other harbingers that manifested in America of even greater, more urgent and more ominous warnings than before. These other harbingers have continued to manifest up to the present hour. The third part is the revelation of what’s taking place right now and what is yet to come. This includes the biblical mystery that ordained the timing of the shaking that has now come upon us, the amazing and yet chilling mystery that lies behind the virus that has changed our lives, and still other signs that are all converging at the present hour and what they warn of concerning the future—and the keys and answer we need for the days ahead. There are far too many things contained in the new book to even begin to touch upon in the space we have here. But I will seek to give you a taste of some of the revelations in the book. The Harbinger IIbegins by uncovering those things that could not be revealed up until now—those which began on 9/11 but lie behind what has been happening to America, even to this day. To make the most of the space I have, I will only briefly mention some of them below: The Watchmen: On the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, the ancient biblical sound of warning—the sound of the trumpets, the alarm of the watchmen—was heard throughout New York City, all over the city, before the attack even began. It was a biblical sign concerning a nation under judgment. The Pentagon Mystery: On 9/11, the world witnessed the striking of the Pentagon, the foremost symbol of American military power. But what the world did not see was that behind the Pentagon and what happened on that day was an ancient biblical mystery that went back to the days of the prophet Ezekiel. The Day of Isaiah: If you’ve read The Harbinger, youknow that the key Scripture is Isaiah 9:10—the word that concerns an enemy coming to the land to bring destruction, the collapse of buildings and the nine harbingers themselves (all linked to 9/11). But on the morning of 9/11, all over America, believers opened up their Bibles to Isaiah 9:10 to read about the enemy’s attack on the land before the attack began. And they had been doing so, connecting the enemy’s attack to the date of 9/11, every year since the mid-1980s. The Other 9/11: Hidden in the mystery of America’s genesis was 9/11—but another 9/11, a 9/11 which began the nation’s rising. In that first 9/11 is found the mystery of what happened in 2001. The Birds of Autumn: There is an ancient image concerning the beginning of a nation’s judgment. It is the image of a bird. On Sept. 11, 2001, the ancient image that went back to the time of Moses appeared in New York City at the World Trade Center and in Washington, D.C., at the Pentagon. The Mystery Ship: There is a ship whose origins go back several centuries that holds a mystery concerning why the calamity came to New York City on the exact day of September 11. On 9/11, that ship appeared in the water, passing by the ruins of the World Trade Center. There is much more, but what is critical is the fact that the harbingers and their implications have not stopped appearing on American soil but have continued up to the present hour. They signify that America is progressing to judgment. Here’s a brief glimpse and taste of some of them: The God of Death Appears Over New York City In the last days of ancient Israel, the idols and images of the gods proliferated throughout the land. The appearance of the images of false gods in a land that once knew God is a sign that precedes national judgment. After the release of The Harbinger,an image appeared in New York City. It was projected on one of the tallest buildings in the city. The image was that of a foreign god. It was perhaps the most colossal image of a false god in history—and it was being celebrated in New York City. The god’s tongue was sticking out of its mouth at the city’s skyline dripping blood. It was the god of darkness, the god of death and the god of destruction. So the god of death and destruction towered and loomed over New York City. In ancient times, the appearance of such images was a harbinger of destruction, but that it was actually the god of destruction is all the more ominous. The Broken Walls of Tammuz Before Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 B.C., an event took place that sealed its destruction. The armies of Babylon breached the defensive walls of the city. The removal of the hedge sealed the city’s destruction. The day that the walls were breached was the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Tammuz. One of the most critical milestones in America’s fall from God was the Supreme Court’s striking down of the traditional and biblical definition of marriage. In Obergefell v. Hodges, the court ruled that marriage would now include the marriage of men with men and women with women. It was a massive change that overturned not only the biblical definition of marriage but marriage as it had been known since the beginning of history. It was yet another line crossed in the fall of America from God. That ruling took place on June 26, 2015. But on the biblical calendar, it had another name: the ninth of Tammuz! Thus, it took place on the ancient biblical day when a civilization’s hedge was removed, its defenses neutralized and its protection gone. From that moment on, its judgment is only a matter of time. The Judgment Tree One of the nine original harbingers was the Erez Tree. It appears in Isaiah 9:10 as the cedar that ancient Israel vowed to plant as a sign of their intent to come back stronger in defiance of God. Two years after 9/11, the Erez Tree manifested in America with the planting of what was called the “Tree of Hope” at the corner of Ground Zero. It was a symbol of America rising up stronger than before. In the Bible, God uses trees as symbols of nations and kingdoms—but also to speak of judgment. The withering of a tree, the cutting of its branches and its striking down—especially the striking down of the Erez Tree—are clear biblical signs and harbingers of the judgment and fall of a nation. What happened to the tree that was planted at Ground Zero? The Tree of Hope began to wither away. No matter what they did to save it, it kept withering away—the symbol of America withering away. And finally it was struck down. It fell on a Hebrew holy day, Passover, at the time that the moon turned blood red. Thus the harbinger was struck down and the Erez Tree had fallen—the biblical sign of the judgment and fall of a nation. The 19-Year Mystery Near the end of The Harbingeris the chapter “Things to Come.” It is because of what is revealed in that chapter that I had a sense early on that 2020 was going to be a year of shaking. It reveals the biblical template that ordains that there will be greater shakings to come upon America, from natural disasters to manmade disasters to civil disorder and the breakdown of society. But there is a specific mystery in the template given in The Harbinger: the span of years between the nation’s first shaking, the enemy’s strike on the land and the next great shakings to come. That span of time is 19 years—19 years from the first shaking to the shaking to come. The first shaking struck America on September 11, 2001. Nineteen years later pinpoints the year of shakings as 2020. And so it has been. The same chapter connects the coming shakings to “the crown.” The word crown comes from a Latin root: “Corona.” Thus, the number of judgment (19) and the crown (corona) combine into “Corona-19.” Thus, The Harbinger II uncovers the mystery behind what has now come upon America and where it is all heading. In view of the fact that we are experiencing what we have never experienced before, is there anything in the Bible to give us revelation concerning what has now altered each one of our lives? The answer is yes. The Word of God speaks of the prophetic significance of plagues and pestilence. But the mystery goes deeper and is eerily specific. It begins two and half thousand years ago. It not only lies behind the pandemic that has altered America and the world but has determined its details, the places it has struck and even its timing. There is so much to it that in the new book, it takes a 30-page chapter to reveal it. It is one of the most explosive revelations in a book of many explosive revelations. In the space we have here, I can just say that it is linked to judgment and to some very specific and precise events—and its prophetic significance is linked to the prophet Jeremiah. The Year of the Locusts, the Return and the Hope In the last part of The Harbinger II, the revelation turns to the answer and the keys we need for the days ahead of us. It reveals the secret story behind America and how the nation’s course and world history itself was changed by those believers who took God at His word. Can it happen again? Is America too far gone and judgment too near? Time will tell. Without repentance, there can be no revival. And without revival, America has no hope. In 2 Chronicles 7:14, it is written: “If My people, who are called by My name, will humble themselves and pray, and seek My face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and will heal their land.” That is the key if America is going to be saved. But what’s fascinating is the verse that leads into it. 2 Chronicles 7:13 speaks of a time when a pestilence or disease has come upon the land, along with drought or famine and a plague of locusts. That year is now—and it’s the same year that has seen famine and drought, a global pestilence and—on top of that—the worst plague of locusts to come on the world in generations. So if there ever was a moment that God’s people needed to turn to Him according to 2 Chronicles 7:14, it is now. (If you don’t already know about The Return, the National Day of Prayer and Repentance, on Sept. 26 and want to be part, go to TheReturn.org.) God can do the impossible, but according to the Scripture, it rests as well upon God’s people—and the word “if.” The Day of the Watchman and the Feast of Trumpets At the very end of The Harbinger II, I was led to reveal something that I’ve held back from revealing for years. It was a prophetic event that took place on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty, two years before 9/11. I can bear witness to it, as I was there. That event revealed everything that was going to take place: a terrorist attack on the shores of New York; the object of that attack, the Twin Towers; the specific spot on the North Tower where it was going to begin; how it would happen through airplanes; and even the date on which it would take place. (It even formed a prophetic image pinpointing where 9/11 was to begin—which we decided to actually place at the end of the new book.) It was on that pedestal that I sounded the ram’s horn to the Twin Towers. That day was also the Feast of Trumpets. The Feast of Trumpets warns of judgment to come and calls those who hear the sound of the trumpet to get right with God before it does. It is now the time of the trumpets. We are standing at a most critical and dangerous hour. Will it bring calamity or redemption—or both? Time will tell. But we must all pray as never before for repentance, return and revival. The future depends on it. Until then, the trumpet must sound. The Harbinger II is the sounding of the trumpet. Let the one who has ears hear—and prepare. Jonathan Cahn caused a national stir with the release of the New York Times bestsellers The Harbinger, The Mystery of the Shemitah, The Book of Mysteries, The Paradigm and The Oracle. He has addressed members of Congress and spoken at the United Nations. He is known as a prophetic voice in this generation and for the opening up of the deep mysteries of God. He leads Hope of the World—bringing God’s Word to the nations and help to the world’s most needy—and the Jerusalem Center/Beth Israel in Wayne, New Jersey.

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Managed Service(s) Agreement Vendor provides information technology professional services related to the SoW: 1. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. - 1.1 Provision of Professional Services. Vendor shall provide the services set forth in each SoW (“Professional Services”), and Customer shall provide any assistance and cooperation necessary or convenient to facilitate the Professional Services, or called for in an SoW. Vendor may employ subcontractors in the provision of Professional Services, but Vendor will be responsible and liable for such subcontractor’s acts and omissions related to this Agreement. The parties have agreed that Vendor will provide such professional services as the parties may agree, now and pursuant to future statements of work. - 1.2 Deliverables. - (a) Acceptance & Rejection. Software or other deliverables created pursuant to Professional Services (“Deliverables”) will be considered accepted (“Acceptance”) (a) when Customer provides Vendor written notice of acceptance or (b) one (1) day after delivery, if Customer has not first provided Vendor with written notice of rejection. Customer may reject a Deliverable only in the event that it materially deviates from its specifications and requirements listed in the applicable SoW and only via written notice setting forth the nature of such deviation. In the event of such rejection, Vendor shall correct the deviation and redeliver the Deliverable within ten (10) days. After redelivery pursuant to the previous sentence, the parties shall again follow the acceptance procedures set forth in this Subsection 2(a). This Subsection 1.2(a), in conjunction with Customer’s right to terminate for a material breach where applicable, sets forth Customer’s only remedy and Vendor’s only liability for failure of Deliverables. - (b) License to Deliverables. Effective upon Acceptance of each Deliverable, Vendor grants Customer a non-exclusive, fully paid, royalty-free license to reproduce, modify, and use such Deliverable as necessary for Customer’s internal business purposes, provided Customer complies with the restrictions set forth below in Subsection 2(c). - (c) Restrictions on Deliverables Rights. Customer shall not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or sublicense any Deliverables (including without limitation any derivative work thereof). Vendor retains ownership of all Deliverables, and Customer receives no right, title, or interest in or to Deliverables except as specifically set forth in Subsection 2(b) above. 2. 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An individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that- (A) is made- (i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law; or (B) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. - (b) Use of Trade Secret Information in Anti-Retaliation Lawsuit. An individual who files a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer for reporting a suspected violation of law may disclose the trade secret to the attorney of the individual and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if the individual- (A) files any document containing the trade secret under seal; and (B) does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order. 4. 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Vendor’s obligations set forth in Subsection 1(a) above do not apply to the extent that an Indemnified Claim arises out of: (i) Customer’s breach of this Agreement; (ii) revisions to the Deliverable made without Vendor’s written consent; (iii) Customer’s failure to incorporate updates or upgrades that would have avoided the alleged infringement, provided Vendor offered such updates or upgrades without charges not otherwise required pursuant to this Agreement; (iv) Vendor’s design or modification of the Deliverable in compliance with specifications provided by Customer; or (v) use of the Deliverable in combination with hardware or software not provided by Vendor, unless (A) the SoW, or other documentation provided by Vendor or agreed between the parties, (collectively, “Documentation”) refers to a combination with such hardware or software, without directing the user not to perform such a combination, or (B) such combination achieves functionality described in the Documentation (and the Documentation does not direct the user not to perform such combination). 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We may even have been friends. That again, however is not motivated by us being comic book villains, but by practicality. of course you wouldnt publish my comment, coward. For a good proxy for showing who cares about climate change, lets take a look at who showed up to the 2017 March for Science rallies. El Chapo was extradited to the United States in January 2017 to face a litany of criminal charges,. And it is a cultural phenomenon, no matter how much they want to tell themselves they are a political/intellectual movement. Archives. After his appointment, there was backlash from the Mozilla Community. However, according to what Fraser told the GQ interviewer, Berk did a lot more than just grab his butt and the sexual assault left Brendan feeling sick, like a little kid, and wanting to cry. Who wants to be 'Liberal' anymore? They are so doomed that I guess Im a sucker for the underdog. Its funny. Right-wing ideology embraces Darwinism because it sees it as inescapable. Why should Whites help blacks just because they are less intelligent on average ? Some New Rightists still think capitalism would be ok, *if only* it could shrug off its leftist trappings like 27 different genders, multiculturalism and open borders. Brendan James Fraser is an actor that is best known worldwide for his role as Rick O'Connell in The Mummy trilogy. Subscribers who contribute at least $5 per month via Patreon gain access to additional weekly premium bonus episodes. After the death of a friend's mother, James sang "Candle in the Wind" at her funeral with a local music teacher he knew, Kevin Kandel, accompanying him on piano. Nature is the situation we find ourselves in. You can swallow the powder and chase it with warm water. Some white peoples commitment to sports never ceases to amaze me, even when that particular sports Counter-Currents Radio Podcast No. Engineering by Bill Mims, Chandler Harrod, Max Coane, and Jeff Hannan. James, along with many other artists, was dismissed from the newly merged label, but was allowed the keep his master tapes and was given a severance package. Chapo has gained notoriety as much as a comedy podcast as a political one, and garnered an audience by hosting celebrity comics, and all the way down to open-micers, who then promote the show to their fans on social media. That isnt to say that harsh or caustic discourse is to be avoided, just that it needs to be reserved for the persons and parties that are most deserving, like a Soros, a Sartre or an Epstein. . And double mind you, thats just how black the state is. Actor Brendan Fraser accused a former Hollywood Foreign Press Association president of groping him in 2003. They need your goyish touch. Let the guys at Daily Shoah or TRS worry about this Cholo Ebolo Ham Pram Club, and let CC continue to proselytize from its position of strength: targeting not the enemy believers, but the enemy belief itself. So not only is there a ceiling to their support, that ceiling gets lower and lower as their base within the Democratic Party is shrinking. In a recent Spiked interview, the chick from Chapo Trap House elaborated on the Chapoist interpretation of human biodiversity: We invented race to justify exploitation. For example, blacks and whites have different ideas about loitering or how the police should interact with the public. Brenden and Brandon Sims, who play Liam, are out of the show as revealed by the Instagram post in their account that their mother maintains. Thats the fugging mystery of Greta Thunberg aint it? Also (Im sorry, I just cant stop laughing at what simply looks like a leftwing parody of idiotic right wing ideology here) if Jews have been successful at *conspiring* against whites, of *running the entire world through banks and shit* and have (OMG LMFAO) created the modern idea of the *hipster* by *redefining the word cool* to make themselves look cooler than white dudes.if theyve been able to do all thisdoesnt that make them BETTER THAN US? Let me tell you what will happen if you dont lose the Jews. Soave wrote in reaction to host Will Menaker commenting on one of his tweets, saying that he believed Menaker had a hypocritical view of free-speech rights, and said the hosts "would gleefully applaud the silencing of everyone to their right". At some point, people have to want to eat their veggies. Originally a trio of Internet-pals Will Menaker, Felix Biederman, and Matt Christman, the show has expanded its roster to writers Brendan James, Amber A'Lee Frost, and Virgil Texas. Slater signed him to a record deal and James spent the next year and a half working on his debut album, recording with producers Tony Bruno and Patrick Leonard. There are reportedly a fair number of Chapo fans who listen to The Daily Shoah as a guilty pleasure, and vice versa. So what does it mean to be a Leftist but not a liberal? Im not even defending it, just curious. Chapo Trap House, Felix Biederman, Matt Christman, Brendan James, Will Menaker, & Virgil Texas The Chapo Guide to Revolution: A Manifesto Against Logic, Facts, and Reason New York: Touchstone, 2018. Good for keeping organised labour divided and impotent. After all, theyve had to spend their whole lives defending what they believe, whereas a liberal can survive for years in New York or L.A.and never have to defend their beliefs. Why not just give each of them their own societies and let each decide their own standards? By May 2017, the show generated more than $60,000 a month from subscribers, and is as of February 2020 the highest-grossing user on Patreon, earning nearly $160,000 per month. Look, just because Im an anti-Semite doesnt mean Im a Nazi. Increasingly, the Internet is the place to be. Mocked by the Left. The guy who really spooks these fellows is Tucker Carlson because he shares a lot of their best and most popular pro-worker ideas but he uses them to promote evil. In other words, that there really IS a Jewish conspiracy. And who is really pushing for all these wars in the Middle East? It's an awful thing to say that the death of my father was . To everyone else in the world, I am a Nazi. Gay teachers and even a gay principle have been forced to leave their positions due to threats and in one case almost being lynched by Muslims this is your diversity ? Its like being Irish. The Dirtbag Left was a better venue for his full skill set than the stage. Even if you were to say Its not biological. Chapos blind spot is the mirror image of a blind spot still common on the New Right. Time will tell if Brendan and . I read Not Out Of Africa years ago. What are the odds that one ethnic group who compose only 2% of the population end up being 40% of the billionaires? Stewart and Colbert, in their old guises as liberal stalwart and unhinged conservative foil, battled each other on stage. He considered Dawn the greatest thing in his life and reportedly told her that she was beautiful every single day. I am not deliberately trying to sow division between the Jew and gentile factions of Chapo Trap House to advance my own political goals. The show's left-wing content became popular with supporters of the democratic socialist Sanders. The worst uses Bach as the backdrop to a black whiney-fest. In a profile about Fraser written by GQ in 2018 . Some of its not bad but ultimately economic theory is not my forte. You will receive mail with link to set new password. Youve noticed how Will Menaker and Felix Biederman are always sneaking off to conspire with one another, or how sometimes youll hear them laughing and chatting away in another room, but then they stop talking whenever you or any other gentile comes in. And who would you say is Saudi Arabias biggest ally in the region? My materialist acquaintance was well aware of what I was getting at, but he only replied, I prefer to think in terms of corrupt systems, not corrupt people. While I think my response (Why not both?) was adequate, maybe I should have said something like, Okay, so instead of Jews, what if our media and financial institutions were controlled by, lets say, Belgians. These are the kinds of people who voted for Ralph Nader. The show is produced by Chris Wade and formerly by Brendan James. Print out this article and take it to a neurologist. 'It's a bit weird. Hidden behind some provocative language were some important arguments. The podcast is aligned with the dirtbag left, a style of contentious left-wing political discourse that eschews civility in favor of a more casualand often vulgarspeaking style. New York: Touchstone, 2018. They Said So", "Form 1 for Mike Gravel for President Exploratory Committee", "88-Year-Old Mike Gravel Is the Latest Teen Sensation", "Mike Gravel's Viral 2020 Campaign Is the Brainchild of a New York Teen", "Mike Gravel 2020 Campaign AMA Gravel Teens Tell All", "The Teens Have Officially Convinced Mike Gravel to Run for President", "r/ChapoTrapHouse One of the main publications in Italy ("L'Espresso") has published an article on Chapo Trap House. The scat, cooch and muh dik frontiers are the only free fire zones left for Lefty comics, and theres little left to there explore that doesnt induce cringe or nausea at this point. Give me the original, please. Well, someone does but who? And who owns the pharmaceutical companies? In 2005 James would record another demo, this time professionally produced by Tony Bruno in Woodstock, New York at the Millbrook Sound Studio. As a white supremacist, that would completely go against my own personal code of ethics. The album, titled "Simplify", was released on August 6. At some point the white man needs to become a little more self-centered.. On Tuesday, El Chapo "looked a little stunned sitting with his lawyers and listening to the guilty verdicts come in through translation," said The Times's Alan Feuer, embedded in the . I hate the Beatles in a way, but still like a few songs. Please tell me more about monarchical social Darwinism. What Episode Do Skye And Ward Sleep Together, But still, good luck with that. However, in the '10s,. While the long-term goal of saving the country for white people may look bleak, the short-term goal of becoming the dominant ideology within the Republican Party is quite feasible. If you have Paywall access, You can change your choices at any time by visiting your privacy controls. The irony is that for Leftists, Chapo Trap House is actually kind of reactionary. Take a day off and go on a nature walk. Brendan James joined as producer after appearing as a guest, and Virgil Texas and Amber A'Lee Frost joined the show as alternating co-hosts after the 2016 American presidential election. Even if you were to say Its not biological. As his EP's exposure grew, including a feature on Perez Hilton, James again gained the interest of major record labels. Genuine honest old-school leftists like Bernie are attacked by the racial identitarians in the Democrat party. Iran? The book isnt a bad read. (1999-2008). If black kids are better athletes but dont have the same high IQ as white kids, shouldnt they *have their own standardized tests* to reflect that discrepancy in order to have a more equitable, harmonious society? . No one cares. . This is just paranoia, Travis. 2. other groups are less productive than ours, thus we will have to subsidize them, turning us into paypiggies for less competent groups and people if we want everyone to be equal. ) The Russian and Belarusian air forces began a joint exercise Monday in Belarus, which borders Ukraine and served as a staging ground for Russia's Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine.The drills are set to run through Feb. 1, the Belarusian Defense Ministry said. Cark Gable was cool. In My Life, among others. Thats the writing of someone who has spent some time around average conservatives. , Chapo Trap House is dense with inside jokes and hyper-specific references to ongoing political discussion on Twitter. You rightwing ganglia are so petty, stupid, bitter and utterly incompetent at living alongside *the other* that instead of doing the higher-brain human work of working together toward some common goal you honestly believe you could undertake the massive project of *exterminating* or *displacing* non-whites so that you can live in some ridiculous idealized version of reality of a white paradise or some shit. As I think I have established, both appeal almost exclusively to white people, and in this sense, white demographic decline will be bad for both sides. Im sure the article is good but I had to skim. Without speaking to anyone else on the beach . Billions of people would have to be killed or prevented from mating to change the competitive and group-oriented nature of humanity into a non-competitive pan-human or individualist orientation. Epilogue: An open letter to Matt Christman (the only white male gentile in Chapo Trap House) In regards to Jews, Jews have proven to be on average better at Whites at : scheming, lying, manipulating, being more ethnocentric and opportunistic, etc. Conversely, the problem for the DSA is that they only appeal to white people, yet white people are becoming a progressively smaller proportion of the Democratic Party. Who do the Jews always blame their misdeeds on? If we White Nationalists think we have a tough road ahead of us, the DSA crowd has an even steeper one. As an aside, the chick from Chapo Trap House is a hapa, so when she says we invented race, she is pulling a my fellow whites.. . I take kratom daily as a coffee replacement - in small amounts its more like a stimulant (3g or less) in higher doses (5g+) its more like an opiate because uts one of the few plants that naturally interacts with your opiate eeceptors. El Chapo has remained a mystery right from his birth: his birth date is not known to anyone. While the Dissident Right evolved out of the chans, the Dirtbag Left grew more out of the stand-up comedy scene. Trying to do things that are unnatural has bad results. You and I may not agree on much, but we are both children of Europa, and thats a bond stronger than any of that commie bullshit youve been ramming in your noodle. Text Size:side effects of wearing incorrect glasses nh state police logs 2021. For example, women negatively select against flagrantly unfashionable men by choosing not to mate with them, the justice system selects against outlaws by removing their access to women, and the universities positively select for people who can pass and pay for their courses by giving them degrees, which are sources of prestige and better job opportunities, which are things women appreciate in sexual selection. The Chapo guys seem to be more aware of this fact than most of the Right, quite honestly. Video of the Day: Blasting News. Thursday, October 01, 2020 at 10:12 AM by Ann Steffie. , During the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, The New York Times wrote about the Chapo Trap House hosts' characterizations of candidates challenging Vermont Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, the hosts' preferred candidate. In a world where everyone gets to practice identity politics but you, a white person has two options: join the Dissident Right and say, Screw you, Im going to practice identity politics anyway, or you can lose yourself in ideology. So Gene Hackman bowed out in 2004, finishing with the average film Welcome to Mooseport. Lets say whites are significantly worse than blacks at basketball, and that they are worse at basketball due to their physiology rather than their environment, which is a race realist position. Bachelor in Paradise stars Brendan Morais and Pieper James have reportedly decided to go their separate ways after exiting the show early to focus on their . This page was last edited on 21 February 2022, at 11:01. They fail to see that capitalism is inherently globalist (Chomsky said so, decades ago) and that the unregulated free market will always work against national interests. Not that I dont appreciate performers like Wanda Jackson, Tammy Wynette, and many more. Because if the above photos say anything, its that while white people are willing to drive hundreds of miles to these stupid rallies to show their support for dealing with climate change, POCs by and large are not even willing to cross the street to do it. The ride will get a lot rougher as we go deeper in the Kali Yuga, and in the end those of us left standing will not be the ones who pandered to our enemies, thinking they would be spared. The new album, Hope In Transition was produced by Max Coane, with additional tracks produced by Julian Coryell. There have long been comparisons made between Chapo Trap House and TRSs flagship podcast, The Daily Shoah, not least by Mike Enoch himself, who thinks Chapo copied his mojo or something. "Podmass: Aaron Rodgers stops by You Made It Weird to talk about UFO sightings: 2 22 2016 Bryan Interviews Will, Matt, and Felix About Seeing 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi in Theaters, "personal note: After a lotta fun, I'm bowing out from Chapo. First, you can be a racist. but right wing ideology isnt in the least about making the world a better place, its about revivifying some ridiculous monarchical notion of social darwinism, of a regressive, brain-stem sentiment that nature is a brutal, competitive force and that humans should, for some reason thats never elucidated by the reptile-brains that compose the right wing, *embrace*. . I thought I did go easy on them. This is a reoccurring theme throughout Chapos book: The Left has lost its way and needs to return to the way things were done in the good ol days, when the world was a much brighter and not coincidentally a much whiter place than it is today. You would have overthrown capitalism by now was the best line. And there was never a situation in which any American gain in yardage was a clear win against hegemonic Communism, because the Communist Bloc was already fragmented by the mid 1960s (not to mention the added players in the Third Way/Non-Aligned Movement, a crunchy co-op founded by Nehru, Tito, Sukarno, Nasser, and Nkrumah). Comments are moderated. I will say that unlike some other commenter implied, this is not just faction fighting, this is actually about ideas. They hate all things neo: neoconservatism, neoliberalism, and neofascism. The Mike Gravel campaign performed an AMA on the r/Chapotraphouse subreddit on April 8, the day the campaign officially launched. He eventually started working with producer Warren Huart back in Los Angeles and finished the album there. Everyone here acknowledges that average Asian IQ is higher than average White IQ and so on. He traveled to London to make the album but the production work done there was scrapped. There is no collective consciousness rising. Brendan will be hoping to follow in the footsteps of fellow ex-Strictly pro dancer and Dancing On Ice 2019 champion James Jordan when he takes to the ice rink in ITV's hit reality contest in . September 5, 2022 by PortiaRenee Brendan James Fraser is an American-Canadian actor who was born on December 3, 1968. Why would a POC get into some one-size-fits-all universalist ideology whose leaders and intellectuals are outsiders when there is identity politics custom-tailored to their tastes and interests? The Kurds, who share ethnic and cultural similarities with Iranians and are mostly Muslim by religion (largely Sunni but with many minorities), have long struggled for self-determination. James moved from New York City to Los Angeles, where he is currently based, after having spent much time there in the past few years. Anyway, I dont find it the least surprising you missed the irony in my post. So they had to change the rules of the game to make acting like Woody Allen become the definition of cool. It was featured in the Australian TV soap 'Neighbours' on April 03, 2019 in the UK. Do they really believe that any day now, all these POCs are going to skip the Cardi B and Tyler Perry movies and start reading Marx? , In March 2019, it was revealed former U.S. I dont know if the Beasties even were the trigger for that. Horseshoe theorists try to paint the antifa as the Dissident Rights evil Leftist twin, but the DSA/Dirtbag Left crowd is probably a better candidate for a Left-wing bizzaro Dissident Right. Its baseline Trumpism and its laughable. Bond? Pieper's caption about singularity could be another attempt for the trained marketer to remind the public that she is an individual and not an extension of Brendan. The Red State Democrat has heard all the basic bitch Republican talking points, and knows all the Rush Limbaugh/FOX News arguments and how to answer them, whereas your average New Yorker has no exposure to Right-wing ideas outside of clips played out of context on late-night talk shows. However you are right about us wanting to fight for ourselves rather than alongside other racial groups. By leaving the Rockets twisting in the wind while camp opened with little communication, Harden made his absence the focus of rookie head coach Stephen Silas' first days of practice. The show has a reading series which usually features texts by conservative and neoliberal writers, such as Ross Douthat, Ben Shapiro, Dennis Prager, and Rod Dreher. Subject matter is just too dull. whats so hilarious about this is that it sounds like parody written by one of the Chapos themselves. I was once Facebook friends with someone who was into the whole Dirtbag Left scene. But in this world, the one into which Providence has thrust us, this is just the way it has to be. The leading man in hit movies, comedy, and serious movies are Fraser. Your head is full of ranch dressing. I saw them once, live, it was pretty boring, supposed to be a punk-rock set reflecting their origins, it was crap. I personally do not deny that Jews probably have a cognitive edge on white gentiles in some areas. "Brandon J. may be young, but he knows exactly what he wants in life and is. We are living in a world of limited resources. I mean, Fatima once happened, but there has never been a scientific study showing that all races have equal intelligence. According to the article, "the Sanders campaign maintains a close relationship with the podcast. why did brendan james leave chapo. This should be fun. Racial discourse was created after hyper-exploitation. On the Right, its something most of us got over during our libertarian phases, when we realized that as bright and shiny as the libertarian utopia might have appeared in our imaginations, there were unavoidable cultural reasons for why it was impossible to realize. The collaboration began a friendship between the two and Kandel helped spur James's interest in music. On March 19, 2013, Brendan James announced a Kickstarter campaign to raise money to promote his new album, which he said was "almost done". The future of the Democratic Party is that it will soon become all too common for Democratic primaries to descend into race wars between the social justice candidates favored by POC Democrats versus the principled ideologues favored by whites. But for what its worth, AOC currently claims to be Catholic (no doubt for political reasons) but I highly doubt she could recite the Nicene Creed from memory even with a gun to her head. The Twitter user, who joined the platform in. I actually discussed that with Travis. They are, of course, strident race deniers with a penchant for trolling race-realists with jokes about phrenology. Thats the entirety of racial difference. There has never been a hard divide between the state and traffickers in Mexico. Would love to see a Chapo response. At this point, you might be asking, But Trav! The other guys are okay(-ish) at backing you up, but everyone knows youre the talent of the enterprise. So I want to speak directly to you, Matt, gentile to gentile. Maybe there arent as many groupies to be had in being famous on the Internet as opposed to doing it old school, but at least you can be your own boss and be as edgy as you want to be (within the terms of service, of course). However, he seemingly disappeared from . As comedy becomes more oppressively PC and anti-white, a lot of white kids who may have gone into stand-up in an earlier generation may instead opt for the online scene, be it Dissident Right or Dirtbag Left. Being against identity politics is identity politics. He was a bright guy and legitimately funny; anti-racist as they come, but stridently anti-Zionist. Short, punchy, and to the point. Would you take winning on every other issue if you could let us win on this one issue? Theyve got some critiques of capitalism and globalism that arent half-bad. You are not going to want to be anywhere near when that happens, because people are going to get very angry. Cruz Azul defender Julio Csar 'Cata' Domnguez celebrated the birthday . You know that some Jew shit is going on. . Whites will lose control of the Democratic Party before they completely lose control of the country, and if the 2016 primary is any indication, its arguable that whites have already lost control of it. lmao. The Vespa-sponsored "green tour" with Jason Reeves and Amber Rubarth saw them traveling the California Coast on Vespa scooters while focusing on environmental friendliness. "Pieper and Brendan have been dating for a few . However, I wont hold my breath, and therefore, when it comes to this, time will tell, but so far, we have no signs of principled leftism becoming more popular than race-based leftism among the POC base of the Democrats. Similarly, Christman said that leftist perspectives in media tend toward either the "smug above-it-all snark of The Daily Show or the quaver-voiced earnestness of, like, Chris Hedges or something. And just who owns all these media companies that refuse to report on it? The crowd-funding website Patreon takes a cut and whatevers left goes to Chapo. Do you believe the system is doing that?. James had an early interest in performing and singing, leading him to perform in school plays and musicals while growing up. Do you think the average American cares who is running the show in Syria? During breaks from school he would head back to Derry and meet up with Kandel, who persuaded James to learn an instrument. Apply the same logic to academia with whites, Asians, or Jews. Chapo has managed to strip away the layers standard of political discourse to highlight the brutality behind policies such as "double-tap" airstrikes and for-profit health care. 1. other groups are not interested in cooperating and just want to do indentity politics instead Without you, those Jews would be nothing. Maybe its something bad. The Chapo Guide to Revolution: A Manifesto Against Logic, Facts, and Reason Its like an exchange between a teacher and a student; the faculty can bicker among itself, and the student body is free to revel in conflict about who is right and wrong, but a teacher spatting with a student crosses a boundary, and the students are not likely to ever pick the teachers side. Sandra Ruffin Obituary, Uk Spotify Playlists Submission, Bartlett Tree Experts Greenville, Sc, Dream About Going To Jail For Killing Someone, Erwin Saunders Is Paul Smith, Tenants Drilling Holes In Walls Ontario, David Harris Obituary 2020,

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Lotteries have long been a source of excitement and anticipation for individuals across the globe, presenting the tantalizing prospect of substantial financial gain. In Canada, where various lotteries captivate citizens with promises of life-changing prizes, understanding the financial implications of such windfalls is crucial. One pressing question that arises is whether lottery winnings in Canada are subject to taxation. This inquiry is of paramount importance, as the potential tax burden can significantly impact the true value of a lottery prize. This exploration aims to shed light on the taxation of lottery winnings within the Canadian context, providing insights into the intricacies of the tax system and the implications it holds for those fortunate enough to hit the jackpot. By delving into the taxation framework surrounding lottery winnings, this inquiry seeks to elucidate the realities and responsibilities that come with being a lottery winner in Canada. Are There Taxes On Lottery Winnings In Canada? Yes, lottery winnings in Canada are generally subject to taxation. When an individual wins a lottery prize, whether it’s a lump-sum payment or annuity payments, the prize is considered taxable income by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). The specific tax implications can vary based on factors such as the type of lottery, the amount won, and the province or territory in which the winner resides. Here’s a summary of taxes on lottery winnings in Canada: - Lump-Sum Winnings: Lump-sum lottery winnings, constituting a one-time payout, are deemed taxable income for the year in which they are received. In this scenario, the entire prize amount is considered as part of the winner’s income for that tax year. Taxes on these winnings are then calculated based on the winner’s total annual income and the applicable tax brackets. It’s noteworthy that the lottery organization typically withholds a certain portion of the prize to account for tax obligations before disbursing the winnings to the recipient. The taxation of the lump sum is immediate, and winners must ensure they budget for the ensuing tax liability accordingly. - Annuity Payments: Annuity payments provide an alternative method of receiving lottery prizes, involving a series of periodic payments over a specified period. Each annual annuity payment is considered taxable income for the year it is received. Consequently, taxes are calculated based on the yearly annuity payment and the winner’s total annual income. Annuity payments allow for the spreading of the taxable income over time, potentially resulting in a more favorable tax rate compared to a lump-sum payment. While this approach can mitigate immediate tax burdens, winners should carefully evaluate their financial needs and tax implications before opting for annuity payments. - Provincial Variations: Tax implications related to lottery winnings can vary across Canadian provinces and territories. Each province has its distinct set of tax rates and rules, potentially affecting the overall tax liability associated with lottery winnings. Therefore, understanding the specific provincial tax laws is essential for accurate tax planning and compliance. Lottery winners should be mindful of these variations to ensure compliance with tax regulations based on their respective location and tax jurisdiction. - Tax Compliance: Complying with tax regulations is fundamental to accurately report lottery winnings. Adhering to the reporting obligations and timelines set by tax authorities is necessary to avoid penalties or legal issues. This includes maintaining detailed and precise records of financial transactions related to the lottery win. Preserving official communication such as award letters and tax forms is also crucial for accurate tax reporting and to provide supporting documentation if needed during tax audits. - Seeking Professional Advice: Seeking guidance from tax professionals and financial advisors is highly advisable when dealing with significant lottery winnings. These experts possess the knowledge and expertise to navigate the intricate tax landscape associated with lottery prizes. They can offer tailored tax strategies to minimize tax liability and optimize after-tax income. Engaging professionals ensures compliance with tax laws and regulations, ultimately maximizing the financial outcomes for lottery winners. Their expertise is invaluable in making informed decisions and managing tax implications effectively. Canadian Lottery Winnings And Taxation How Lottery Winnings Are Categorized For Tax Purposes Lottery winnings are categorized for tax purposes in Canada based on the nature of the lottery prize and the way it is received. The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) outlines specific rules and guidelines to determine the tax implications associated with lottery winnings. The categorization typically depends on whether the winnings are received as a lump sum or periodic payments, such as annuities. - Lump-Sum Winnings: Lottery prizes paid out in a lump sum, often referred to as a one-time payout, are subject to specific tax rules. The entire amount of the prize is usually included as income for the year in which it was won. The winnings are then taxed based on the individual’s total annual income and their applicable tax bracket. - Annuity Payments: In some lottery cases, winners have the option to receive their prize as a series of periodic payments over a specified period, commonly known as annuity payments. With annuity payments, the taxable amount for a given year is typically the annual payment received, rather than the total prize amount. The tax is then calculated based on the yearly annuity received. It’s important to note that tax implications can vary based on the province or territory in Canada in which the lottery winner resides, as provincial taxes also play a role in determining the overall tax liability associated with lottery winnings. Understanding how lottery winnings are categorized for tax purposes is crucial for individuals who want to effectively plan for and manage their tax obligations resulting from winning a lottery prize. Seeking guidance from tax professionals can provide valuable insights and help navigate the tax implications associated with lottery winnings, ensuring compliance with tax regulations and optimizing the financial outcome of the winnings. Tax Implications For Various Types Of Lottery Winnings The tax implications for lottery winnings in Canada vary based on the type of winnings, whether received as a lump sum or as annuity payments. Each type has its own set of tax considerations: - Lump-Sum Winnings: When a lottery prize is awarded as a lump sum, the entire prize amount is typically considered taxable income for the year in which it was won. The lottery organization often withholds a portion of the prize for tax purposes before paying out the winnings to the recipient. The tax rate applied to this lump sum amount depends on the winner’s total annual income, as per the applicable tax brackets in their jurisdiction. The lottery organization may withhold a percentage of the lump sum prize based on federal and provincial tax rates, ensuring compliance with tax regulations. Depending on the winner’s total income and tax bracket, they may be required to pay additional taxes during the annual tax filing. - Annuity Payments: For lottery winners who choose annuity payments, the tax implications are different. An annuity provides regular, periodic payments over a specified number of years, spreading the taxable income over the payment period. Each annual annuity payment is considered taxable income for the year in which it is received. The tax liability for each annual annuity payment is determined by the winner’s total annual income, considering the specific tax brackets and rates applicable in their jurisdiction for that tax year. The lottery winner is required to report the taxable portion of the annuity received each year during the payment period when filing their annual tax return. Understanding these tax implications is essential for lottery winners to effectively manage their finances, plan for tax obligations, and make informed decisions regarding the form in which they receive their lottery winnings. Seeking advice from tax professionals can provide valuable insights and help navigate the tax complexities associated with lottery winnings, ensuring compliance with tax laws and optimizing financial outcomes. How Different Provinces In Canada May Have Varying Tax Rules For Lottery Winnings Different provinces in Canada may indeed have varying tax rules and regulations when it comes to lottery winnings. The taxation of lottery winnings is subject to both federal and provincial jurisdictions, and the specific tax implications can vary across provinces. Here are some key points regarding the potential differences in tax rules for lottery winnings among Canadian provinces: - Provincial Tax Rates: Each province in Canada has its own set of tax rates and brackets. These rates can influence the overall tax liability on lottery winnings, regardless of whether they are received as lump sums or annuity payments. - Exemptions and Deductions: Some provinces may offer specific exemptions or deductions related to lottery winnings. These could be based on the total prize amount or the form in which the winnings are received, potentially reducing the taxable portion of the prize. - Reporting and Compliance: The process for reporting lottery winnings and complying with tax regulations can vary from one province to another. This includes the specific forms to be used, reporting deadlines, and any additional provincial requirements. - Residency and Taxation: Taxation rules may be influenced by the province in which the lottery winner resides. If a winner moves to a different province after winning, they may be subject to that province’s tax laws regarding their lottery prize. - Provincial Lotteries: Provincial lottery corporations, responsible for organizing lotteries within their respective regions, may have varying tax guidelines specific to their lotteries. These guidelines can impact how winnings are taxed and reported. Understanding the nuances of tax rules at the provincial level is essential for lottery winners in Canada. It enables them to plan effectively, manage their tax liabilities, and make informed decisions regarding their lottery winnings. Seeking guidance from tax professionals who are familiar with both federal and provincial tax regulations can be invaluable in navigating these complexities and optimizing the financial outcomes of lottery winnings. Tax Exemptions Or Deductions That May Apply To Lottery Winnings In Certain Circumstances Tax exemptions or deductions related to lottery winnings in Canada can vary based on the specific circumstances surrounding the winnings. While lottery winnings are generally considered taxable income, there are certain circumstances or provisions that may lead to tax exemptions or deductions. Here are some scenarios where exemptions or deductions may apply: - Charitable Donations: If a lottery winner chooses to donate a portion of their winnings to a registered charity, they may be eligible for a tax deduction on the donated amount. This can help reduce their overall taxable income. - Deductions for Losses: In certain cases, individuals may be able to deduct gambling losses, including losses from lottery tickets, up to the amount of their gambling winnings for the year. However, specific rules and limits apply, and it’s important to maintain accurate records of losses. - Provincial-Specific Deductions: Some provinces may offer deductions or credits related to lottery winnings to incentivize certain behaviors, investments, or contributions within the province. These deductions would vary based on the specific provincial tax laws. - Pension Income Splitting: If a lottery winner chooses to invest a portion of their winnings into a pension plan or retirement account, they may be eligible for pension income splitting. This can help optimize their tax situation by distributing the income and potentially reducing the overall tax burden. - Estate Planning and Gifting: Structuring the distribution of lottery winnings through estate planning and gifting strategies can potentially minimize the tax impact for both the winner and their beneficiaries, taking advantage of exemptions related to inheritances and gifts. - Legal Entity Structuring: Depending on the situation, structuring the ownership of the lottery winnings through specific legal entities, such as trusts, may offer tax benefits or exemptions. However, this approach requires careful planning and professional advice. It’s important to note that tax exemptions and deductions are subject to specific rules, limits, and conditions outlined by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and applicable provincial tax authorities. Seeking advice from tax professionals and financial advisors is crucial to understand the options available and ensure compliance with tax regulations while optimizing the tax outcome of lottery winnings. Tax Planning And Strategies For Lottery Winnings Tax Planning Strategies To Minimize Tax Liability On Lottery Winnings Implementing effective tax planning strategies can help minimize tax liability on lottery winnings, allowing winners to retain a larger portion of their windfall. Here are some potential tax planning strategies to achieve this goal: - Income Splitting: Consider allocating a portion of the winnings to family members in lower tax brackets through gifts or loans, effectively reducing the overall family tax liability. This strategy can be particularly beneficial if family members have lower incomes or are in a lower tax bracket. - Contribute to Tax-Advantaged Accounts: Maximize contributions to tax-advantaged accounts like Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSPs) or Tax-Free Savings Accounts (TFSAs). Contributions to these accounts can help defer or eliminate taxes on investment gains and interest income generated from the winnings. - Invest Wisely for Capital Gains: Focus on investments that generate capital gains, which are taxed at a lower rate than regular income. Properly managing investment portfolios to optimize capital gains and minimize interest income can help reduce the overall tax burden. - Utilize Tax Credits and Deductions: Take advantage of available tax credits and deductions, such as medical expenses, charitable donations, and education-related expenses. Keep detailed records and claim eligible deductions to lower taxable income. - Timing of Payments and Expenses: Strategically time significant expenditures, such as charitable donations, medical expenses, or eligible tax-deductible investments, to maximize the deductions in the year they can have the greatest tax-saving impact. - Consider Professional Tax Advice: Seek guidance from tax professionals, such as tax advisors or accountants, who specialize in tax planning. Their expertise can help identify tailored strategies to minimize tax liability while ensuring compliance with tax laws. - Estate and Succession Planning: Work with professionals to develop a comprehensive estate plan that optimizes the distribution of your assets, potentially minimizing estate taxes and ensuring your legacy is managed efficiently for future generations. - Gifts and Trusts: Consider establishing trusts or gifting strategies to transfer a portion of the winnings to family members or beneficiaries, potentially reducing the overall taxable estate and benefiting from gift tax exemptions. - Real Estate Investments and Principal Residence Exemption: If appropriate, consider investing a portion of the winnings in real estate. Utilize the Principal Residence Exemption to exclude gains from the sale of a principal residence from taxation. - Optimize Structuring: Explore legal structures, such as family trusts or holding companies, to manage and distribute assets in a tax-efficient manner, ensuring the most favorable tax outcomes over time. Each individual’s financial situation is unique, so it’s crucial to consult with tax professionals and financial advisors to tailor these strategies to specific circumstances and objectives. Planning ahead and implementing a well-thought-out tax strategy can significantly reduce tax liability, allowing lottery winners to maximize their financial gains and long-term wealth. The Importance Of Seeking Professional Tax Advice And Financial Planning When Dealing With Lottery Winnings Dealing with a substantial lottery win involves complex financial decisions and potential tax implications that necessitate careful consideration. Seeking professional tax advice and engaging in comprehensive financial planning are paramount steps in managing the newfound wealth effectively. Here’s why it’s crucial to consult with professionals in these circumstances: - Expertise and Knowledge: Tax laws and regulations are intricate and subject to change. Professional tax advisors possess up-to-date knowledge and expertise in tax codes, ensuring that lottery winners are fully informed about tax obligations and can make informed financial decisions. - Maximizing After-Tax Income: Professional tax advisors can strategize to minimize tax liabilities, helping lottery winners retain a larger portion of their winnings. Through effective tax planning, they can structure payments, investments, and expenditures to optimize after-tax income. - Tailored Strategies: Every financial situation is unique. Tax advisors and financial planners can tailor strategies based on individual circumstances, considering factors such as residency, family situation, financial goals, and existing financial portfolio. This personalized approach maximizes the benefits of lottery winnings. - Compliance and Legalities: Tax professionals ensure compliance with tax laws and regulations. Properly reporting lottery winnings and adhering to legal requirements are crucial to avoid penalties or legal issues. Professionals guide winners through the necessary paperwork and reporting processes. - Financial Planning for the Future: Lottery winnings can significantly impact long-term financial security. Financial advisors can help winners develop a comprehensive financial plan that addresses investment, retirement, estate planning, and other long-term financial goals, ensuring a stable financial future. - Mitigating Risk and Fraud: Professionals can advise on securing and managing assets to mitigate potential risks and fraud associated with substantial winnings. This includes safeguarding assets from scams, fraudsters, or poor investment decisions. - Peace of Mind: Engaging professionals provides lottery winners with peace of mind, knowing that their financial affairs are being handled by experts. This allows winners to focus on their newfound opportunities and enjoy their windfall with confidence. The guidance and expertise of tax and financial professionals are invaluable when managing lottery winnings. Their assistance helps winners navigate the intricate tax landscape, make informed financial choices, and secure a stable and prosperous financial future. Legal Ways To Structure Lottery Winnings To Optimize Tax Outcomes Structuring lottery winnings in a tax-efficient manner is crucial to retain a significant portion of the prize. Here are some legally sound strategies to optimize tax outcomes: - Annuity Payments vs. Lump Sum: Choose between receiving annuity payments or a lump-sum amount. Annuity payments spread the taxable income over time, potentially resulting in lower tax rates compared to a lump sum. - Consult with Tax Professionals: Seek advice from tax experts and financial advisors to create a structured financial plan that aligns with tax regulations and minimizes the tax burden on lottery winnings. - Strategic Gift-Giving: Consider gifting a portion of the winnings to family members or charities. Gift tax exemptions and deductions can help reduce the taxable estate and overall tax liability. - Tax-Efficient Investments: Invest the winnings in tax-advantaged accounts, such as RRSPs or TFSAs, to benefit from tax deferrals or exemptions on investment gains and interest income. - Establish Trusts: Set up trusts to manage and distribute the winnings, potentially minimizing estate taxes and providing for future generations while adhering to legal tax structures. Record-Keeping And Compliance With Tax Regulations To Ensure Accurate Reporting Of Lottery Winnings Maintaining precise records and adhering to tax regulations is crucial for effectively managing lottery winnings from a taxation perspective. Here are key steps to ensure accurate reporting: - Detailed Documentation: Keep comprehensive records of all financial transactions related to the lottery winnings, including prize amounts, dates of receipt, and any associated expenses or investments. - Retain Official Communication: Preserve all official documentation, such as award letters, tax forms, and correspondences from the lottery organization. These documents serve as evidence for accurate reporting and compliance. - Consult Tax Professionals: Engage tax professionals to guide you on proper reporting procedures and documentation requirements. They can assist in organizing your records to ensure compliance with tax laws. - Regularly Update Financial Records: Maintain up-to-date financial records, summarizing all income, expenditures, and investments related to the lottery winnings. Timely updates facilitate accurate reporting during tax filing. - Understand Reporting Obligations: Familiarize yourself with the tax regulations applicable to lottery winnings in your jurisdiction. Understand the reporting obligations and timelines set by tax authorities to avoid penalties or legal issues. - Follow Tax Filing Guidelines: Adhere to the tax filing guidelines provided by your tax jurisdiction. Report lottery winnings accurately and in the specified format to ensure compliance with tax regulations. - Seek Professional Assistance for Tax Filing: Utilize tax professionals to assist in the accurate preparation and filing of tax returns, especially when dealing with substantial lottery winnings. They can ensure proper reporting and adherence to tax laws. - Record Income Distribution: Keep a record of any distributions, gifts, or investments made using the lottery winnings. Maintain a clear trail of funds to demonstrate their usage in compliance with tax regulations. By meticulously maintaining records and complying with tax regulations, lottery winners can navigate the tax landscape smoothly, ensuring accurate reporting and minimizing the risk of audit or penalties. Seeking professional guidance enhances confidence in managing the tax aspects of lottery winnings effectively. In Canada, the thrill of winning the lottery and the promise of a life-altering financial windfall are accompanied by an important consideration: taxes on lottery winnings. Understanding the tax implications associated with lottery winnings is vital for responsible financial planning and informed decision-making. Seeking professional tax advice and engaging in comprehensive financial planning are critical steps for lottery winners. Financial planners can guide winners in managing their newfound wealth efficiently, aligning with long-term financial goals and safeguarding their financial future. Overall, lottery winnings represent an extraordinary opportunity for financial growth, but it is essential to navigate the tax implications thoughtfully. Being informed, seeking professional guidance, and adhering to tax regulations are fundamental aspects of managing lottery winnings responsibly, allowing winners to make the most of their newfound prosperity while fulfilling their tax obligations.

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By Jude Duffy August 3, 2016, Anno Domini Contrary to what some in the alternative media suggest, Ireland, not Italy, is the birthplace of modern false-flag terror—specifically British Masonic false-flag terror. Around the world, many have heard of the IRA (Irish Republican Army), but few outside Ireland and Britain know of their ostensible adversaries in the Northern Irish “Troubles”, the British “Loyalist” paramilitaries. There’s a good reason for this: the global Anglo-Zionist Masonic global propaganda network succeeded in branding the Irish Troubles as a conflict between Irish nationalist fanatics and Northern Irish Protestants responding to the violence of these fanatics. But the Loyalist terror groups weren’t responding to violence from Irish nationalists: they instigated the violence. And the Loyalists weren’t Irish either—they were British proxies. In fairness, they never claimed to be anything else, insisting always that they fought to maintain Northern Ireland as a British province. So, Loyalist terrorism wasn’t an Irish “problem”; it was a British problem. However, from the point of view of the British Masonic state, the great thing about branding the Loyalists as an internal Northern Irish movement, was that it let the British Masonic state off the hook, casting it as a noble disinterested intermediary, desperately trying to find a solution fair to both sides. In reality, British Masonry was the covert choreographer of the whole grisly pantomime, actively directing almost all of the loyalist violence, and most of the Republican violence too. At first glance, it might seem like a mystery that the corporate media in Ireland, Britain, and elsewhere generally support Northern Irish Unionism and Loyalism. After all, the Unionists are ostensibly the “conservative” side in this conflict. Many older Northern Irish Unionists still attend church, eschew shopping on Sunday, and support the British monarchy. Even their dress bespeaks conservatism: at their Summer parades, they wear dark suits, old-fashioned bowler hats, and carry rolled up umbrellas. Unionist parties, too, still tend to be rather less enamoured of political correctness and cultural Marxism than modern Sinn Fein, which, under the disastrous leadership of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness, has become largely indistinguishable from the British Labour Party, or the U.S. Democrats. One would thus expect the media to favour Sinn Fein over the Unionist fuddy duddies every time. But it isn’t so. For instance, no media on the face of the earth are more mindlessly politically correct and left liberal in every respect than the Irish media. Yet they have had a very long-standing love-in with Unionism and Loyalism, and harp obsessively on Irish Republican violence, while ignoring, excusing, or even glorifying, Loyalist Protestant violence. The same is true of the media in most of the western world, which whitewash British atrocities in Ireland, even though they were and are frequently both more sadistic and more indiscriminate than the attacks of Irish Republicans. To solve this apparent conundrum of liberal media support for “conservative” Unionism, one needs to understand the deep Masonic and philo-Judaic roots of Northern Irish British Unionism/Loyalism. The Unionist establishment in Northern Ireland is joined at the hip to both Freemasonry and Zionism. British Masons and Zionists both live by the motto: “leftism for our enemies, right-wing nationalism for ourselves”. Therefore, for Anglo-Zionist Masonry, the craven political correctness of modern Irish “nationalism” represents a Masonic triumph over Catholic Ireland. A nationalist movement that embraces mass immigration, same-sex marriage, feminism, and the abortion of its own children, is not a nationalist movement at all, but an instrument of collective suicide. Moreover, the common supposition that Northern Irish Unionism suffers from an excess of dour conservatism and narrow religiosity obscures its history of extreme lawlessness and Masonic subversion. Its roots lie in revolutionary Masonry and the cabalistic Anglo-Protestant-imperialism that took on its modern form in England in the Elizabethan era. Nor has it necessarily become more law abiding with the passage of time. The modern Northern Irish Protestant statelet came into being via an armed mass rebellion by Anglo-Irish and Northern Irish Protestants in the Edwardian era against the decision of the British Parliament to grant Home Rule to Ireland. British Rothschild Zio-Masonry sponsored this Orange rebellion, which led to the partition of Ireland in 1923. The treaty that codified that partition stated that no new laws enacted by the new nominally independent Irish state could in any way affect the protection of Freemasonry in the new country. To this day, the Dublin Masonic Grand Temple in Dublin sits opposite the Irish Dail Eireann (Irish Parliament). When Ian Paisley met the then Irish Taoiseach (Prime Minister), Bertie Ahern, in 2007, he greeted him with the words “I want to give this man a good grip”, at which point the two men exchanged what looked suspiciously like a Masonic handshake. Brian Cowen replaced Ahern as Taoiseach in 2008, and within days of his elevation was caught on a live microphone in Dail Eireann calling the then leader of the opposition and his colleagues “Freemason F…ers” (I’d provide a reference for this story if I could find one, but although Cowen’s outburst was reported in all the major Irish media at the time, it appears to have been subsequently comprehensively scrubbed from the Internet!). A few months later, a huge financial and banking crisis hit Cowen’s government, and in 2011 he was removed from office in a media-orchestrated coup. Enda Kenny, the leader of the “Freemason f…ers”, took his place as Taoiseach in the general election that followed and is still Taoiseach today. Anglo-Masonry rules the roost in the Republic of Ireland every bit as much as it does in the north of Ireland, if not more so. When British Orange Masonic terrorists murdered 33 people in the Dublin and Monaghan bombings of 1974, the Irish Garda (police) refused to investigate the attacks. To this day, no one has ever been convicted for them. An Irish state inquiry headed by a former Supreme Court judge, Henry Barron, stated that it was neither far-fetched nor fanciful to believe that British state forces were involved, yet successive Irish governments have failed to challenge the British state over its withholding of crucial evidence relating to the bombings. The Orange Order was founded by three Freemasons in 1795, with the purpose of unifying Irish Protestants in defence of British Masonic rule in Ireland. The “Orange” in the title of course refers to the homosexual paedophile William of Orange, and his successful invasion of England in 1688, and his subsequent victory in the Battle of the Boyne in 1690— a victory that cemented his rule. Many of the subsequent travails that beset not just Britain and Ireland, but also the rest of the world in the succeeding centuries, can be traced back to this decisive triumph of cabalist Whiggism. Yet conservative and traditionalist Catholics, many of whom, consciously or unconsciously, have internalised the narratives of the “conservative” wing of Anglo-Masonry, tend to place all the blame for modern ills on the French Revolution of 1789—when in truth, that bloodfest was simply a delayed aftershock from the events of a hundred years earlier in Britain and Ireland. British “conservative” Masonry only turned on the French Revolutionaries after the latter began attacking the British Masonic agents in France who had played a crucial role in instigating the revolution in the first place. Likewise, the Orange Order was formed in order to ensure that Irish Protestants did not stray into the Irish separatist revolutionary camp. In other words, the whole dispute over the French Revolution was simply two strands of Masonry slugging it out for control. Orangeism is, therefore, only ‘”conservative” in the sense that all revolutionary movements need to exploit conservative sentiment in order to provide stabilising ballast. As Engels once said: “Nothing is more authoritarian than a revolution.” For instance, without the backing of “conservative” evangelical Protestants, and to a lesser extent “conservative” Catholics (aka “Neo-Catholics”), would the Trotskyist Neocon agenda in the Middle East and elsewhere have succeeded? It should be noted in this context that Northern Irish Orangeists, like their Protestant counterparts in the U.S., eagerly supported this revolutionary programme for remaking the Middle East in order to advance the goal of Greater Israel. It’s also important to remember that it is eminently possible to exaggerate even the “contingent conservatism” of the Orangeists. For instance, the British intelligence-directed Loyalist paramilitary groups such as the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) are every bit as left liberal as Sinn Fein. Indeed, in conjunction with “Russian” mafia and Triad gangs, they are heavily involved in trafficking huge numbers of illegal migrants to Ireland, the vast majority of whom, quelle surprise, end up in the Republic of Ireland. That, incidentally, represents another triumph for British Masonry: the destruction of the Catholic Irish nation through mass immigration of a scale proportionally unparalleled in the western world. The late Reverend Ian Paisley is the obvious example of the Loyalist Protestant Zio-shill. Until his death in 2014, Paisley was widely regarded as the spiritual and political leader of Northern Irish Protestants, yet he was anything but a law-abiding man of the cloth. From the late 1950s onwards, he led and participated in a variety of terrorist and quasi terrorist movements. In the late 1950s, he formed Ulster Protestant Action, a group of loyalist thugs that specialised in terrorizing undefended Catholic enclaves in Belfast. In the 1960s he and John McKeague set up the Ulster Protestant Volunteers—a group that meted out extreme violence to Catholic civil rights marchers. McKeague was a notorious homosexual paedophile and psychopath, who went on to found a fully fledged loyalist terrorist group, the Red Hand Commando. He liked to torture his young Catholic victims before killing them. It is widely acknowledged that McKeague’s close connections to the Unionist establishment protected him from prosecution for his many crimes. He was eventually murdered by the Irish National Liberation Army (the INLA), in 1982. Paisley was also very close to another homosexual paedophile loyalist terrorist leader, William McGrath. A pillar of the Orange Order, McGrath ran the infamous east Belfast Kincora Boys Home, now widely believed to have been used by British intelligence to entrap and blackmail leading figures in the Northern Irish Unionist and British establishments. He founded and led the small Protestant terrorist group TARA. According to Martin Dillon, the author of several books on Loyalist terrorism and its British state sponsors, McGrath had been an Mi6 agent from the late 1950s onwards. Paisley also took part in the 1974 Loyalist paramilitary led Ulster Workers Council general strike, which, in collusion with the British security services and the BBC, brought down the Sunningdale power sharing executive—an internal bipartisan settlement ostensibly designed to give Catholics and Protestants equality before the law in Northern Ireland. In the early 1980s, Paisley formed a quasi-paramilitary group called the Third Force, which staged midnight incursions into the Irish Republic. In the mid- to late 1980s, he belonged to Ulster Resistance, an alliance of “respectable” Unionist pillars of the establishment and Loyalist terrorists, which used Israeli agents to import weapons to Northern Ireland for the purpose of overthrowing the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland—another ostensible attempt to achieve peace in the north of Ireland that Unionists, Loyalists, and their influential British backers took exception to. In the 1990s, Paisley’s party, the Democratic Unionist Party (the DUP), forged close links with the very most extreme elements in Loyalist terrorism. Leading members of the DUP held rallies in support of Billy Wright, an Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) terrorist who parted ways with this terrorist group on the grounds that it had gone soft, and set up his own more extreme group, the Loyalist Volunteer Force. Wright is said to have murdered up to 50 Catholics, but that didn’t stop leading members of Paisley’s party sharing platforms with him, and openly supporting his terrorist campaign. Wright was eventually murdered in prison by members of the INLA, but his sister has since stated that he had been an agent of British intelligence, which threw him to the wolves once he had outlived his usefulness. It’s worth noting that when Paisley died, the corporate media maintained a deafening silence about his close connections to paedophile terrorists like McGrath and McKeague. Paisley was an avid Zionist who regularly visited Israel and claimed that Northern Irish Protestants were one of the twelve lost tribes of Israel. A staunch supporter of western Zionist wars such as the invasions of Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya, Paisley, according to the British Jewish documentary maker, Jon Ronson, spoke fluent Hebrew and vehemently denied the presence of any global Jewish or Zionist conspiracy, claiming instead that the real global conspiracy was of Irish Catholic provenance. In order to demonstrate their Zionist credentials, he and his successor as DUP leader, Peter Robinson, both visited Israel. The DUP is, without question, the most fanatically pro-Israel political grouping in the British House of Commons—some achievement given the iron control the Israel lobby wields over the Tory, Labour, and Liberal Democrat parties in Britain. Indeed, one of Paisley’s last acts as DUP leader was to form the DUP Friends of Israel. According to the Jewish News, DUP members have also pressed police authorities on the legality of anti-Israel protests, and launched fierce criticism of the Co-op group in Britain for its policy of boycotting Israeli products from the West Bank. Five DUP Members of the Westminster House of Commons were among only 12 out of 676 British MPs to vote against recognising a Palestinian state. David McIlveen, North Antrim DUP Assembly Member, sums up the DUP’s Zio-centric agenda thusly: “Whenever we feel there is an unfair portrayal of Israel in the social or mainstream media, we do our best to try and argue against it”. Contrary to the fervent support for Loyalism to be found in many British “white nationalist” circles, Zionism and Loyalism enjoy a very cosy relationship. David Trimble, the leader from 1995 to 2005, of the older and less populist wing of Northern Irish Unionism, the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), is also a fervent Zionist, and a leading member of the Neoconservative Henry Jackson Society. When he won the Nobel Prize for his alleged role in bringing peace to Northern Ireland, his acceptance speech was written by a notorious Dublin-based former Marxist-Leninist turned Neocon, Eoghan Harris. Harris writes for the Sunday Independent, a trashy soft-porn Neocon Dublin newspaper, where he waxes in an absurdly florid style on the evils of Irish nationalism, and the righteousness of Zionism and Anglo-American military interventionism. He belonged to the avidly Stalinist Workers Party of Ireland in the 1970s and 1980s, but like so many erstwhile communists, he jumped on the Neocon bandwagon in the 1990s and became Ireland’s leading champion of western military interventionism. Other leading figures in Trimble’s circle—e.g. the Northern Irish historian Paul Bew—also belonged to the Workers Party—proof once more of the cosy familial relationship between Neoconservatism and the Marxist left. Like Paisley, Trimble had close connections to loyalist paramilitarism. He belonged to the paramilitary group, Vanguard, in the early 1970s and to the Ulster Resistance movement in the 1980s. Like Paisley, he avidly supports the various western Zionist wars of modern times. Although most corporate presstitutes downplay its significance, “the Irish question” is still a dividing line in British politics. Regardless of whether they’re Jewish or not, most of the leading journalistic voices of hardline Zionism in Britain, oppose any form of Irish nationalism with at least as much vim as they oppose the movement for Palestinian statehood: whether it be Charles Moore, Dean Godson, and Michael Gove on the Neoconservative right; or David Aaronovitch, David Winnick, and Julie Burchill on the Zionist left, Anglo-Zionism and Hibernophobia go together like funny handshakes go with rolled up trouser legs. Last St Patrick’s Day, Aaronovitch, a Jewish Chronicle columnist, former communist, and arguably the most fanatical champion of Zionist wars in the British media, wrote a piece in the Murdoch-owned Times, condemning “the blood stained past” of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. Like many of his ilk, Aaronovitch sees nothing to lament in the incomparably more bloodstained (and much more recent) past of the Iraq, Afghan, and Libyan invasions. Of course, a key difference between the 1916 leaders and modern western Zio-interventionists like Aaronovitch is that the 1916 men put their own lives on the line and didn’t demand that others make sacrifices they wouldn’t make themselves. The one anomaly in all of this is the British far right. That persuasion has long been in denial about the Zionist and Masonic reality of Northern Irish Loyalism. Perhaps that shouldn’t come as a surprise, since so called British white nationalism is in reality often a thinly disguised form of Anglo-Israelist supremacism, which has never quite gotten around to admitting that the British Empire was and is largely a project for Masonic/Rothschild political and economic hegemony. Furthermore their objection to Zionist ethnic cleansing in Palestine, while just in itself, is often laced with a fair dollop of hypocrisy, in that the same folk invariably rush to defend British Israelist attempts to extirpate the Irish nation—not to mention England’s largely unsuccessful efforts to impose its will on continental Catholic Europe in the centuries after the Reformation. Contrary to the British far-right’s parroting of Anglo-Masonry’s anti-Irish narratives, Orangeism is undeniably steeped in Zionism. As Avraham Citron, a visiting Chabad Lubbavitch rabbi from Los Angeles, noted approvingly, Israeli flags often fly prominently in Protestant areas of Belfast, as they do at Loyalist-supported soccer clubs, such as Glasgow Rangers and Linfield. In an interview with the Jewish Telegraph Agency, prominent Belfast Jewess Shoshana Appleton observed piquantly that Northern Irish Protestants are more pro-Israel than their Jewish compatriots are! Nor is this cultural and political amity all one-way traffic. According to Martin Dillon, Israeli agents have worked closely with Loyalist terror groups and front groups like Ulster Resistance, supplying them with weapons for use in the murder of Irish Catholics, and for the enforcement side of their organised crime rackets. Northern Irish Jews acknowledge their strong preference for the British Unionist camp, but put this down to the traditional Jewish tendency to “support the establishment” (yes, seriously!). Doubtless the fervent philo-Judaism of much post-Scofield Protestantism plays a part in all of this, but so too does the domination of Northern Irish Protestant culture by the so called “Loyal Orders”. This is the name given to four crypto-Masonic societies dedicated to protecting Nothern Ireland’s Protestant and British heritage. The four orders are: the Apprentice Boys of Derry – the most working class of the quartet; the Orange Order – the best known and most broad based; the Royal Arch Purple – a more elite branch of the Orange Order; and finally, the Black Preceptory – widely viewed as the poshest and most conservative of the four. Though both Freemasons and Loyal Order members frequently deny any necessary connection between Masonry and Loyal Orderism, the rituals of Orangemen, “Purplemen”, and “Blackmen” tell a very different story. Upon becoming a member of the Orange Order, the neophyte is told that he is a member of “the elect”, and that as an “Anglo-Saxon Protestant” (itself a profoundly misleading descriptor) he is a descendant of believing Israel. By the same token, with no theological, racial, or historical grounds whatsoever, members of the Black Preceptory (Blackmen) are told they belong to the Israeli tribe of Levi and the Order of Melchisadech. If all this sounds remarkably close to the Jewish ideology of chosen-ness, that’s no accident. In common with other forms of Masonry, Orangeist ethnic supremacism consciously mimics the Judaic variety at almost every point. In his essay “Anglo (or British) Israelism and the Orange Order”, Professor E. Odlum states: “I now affirm as a matter of knowledge that every strongly intelligent Orangeman in the British Empire is a believer in Anglo-Israel theology”. Billy Logan, the head of the Royal Black Preceptory, likewise declares unabashedly: “I fervently support Israel and we consider ourselves true friends of our Jewish neighbours.” As with mainstream Freemasonry, the higher one ascends to the upper echelons of Loyal Orderism, the more creepily occult the rituals become. As part of his initiation ceremony, the Royal Arch Purple candidate sits blindfolded in a mock coffin, and vows to destroy his own life if he divulges the teaching of the order. He has a rope tied around his neck, and has most of his clothes removed, while a purple ribbon is tied to his shirt. The new recruit also partakes in a bizarre ceremony called “riding the goat”, in which, still blindfolded, he is wrapped in a canvas sheet and then kicked and tossed about by the assembled members of the Arch. He is then beaten with brambles (and in some cases holly) while the established Purple brethren laugh and bleat like goats. The initiation rituals of the most elite loyal order of them all, the Royal Black Preceptory, are just as weird, and involve drinking a toast from a human skull, and receiving instruction in the presence of either an “exhumed” human remains, or a skull and crossbones. To enter a Black Preceptory meeting, the individual must knock “I, 2, 3” twice in a swift staccato manner. “Blackman” handshakes involve both persons bending the four fingers of the right hand slightly and allowing their thumbs to meet. They follow this by covering their clasped hands with their left hands. A former member of the Royal Arch Purple, Protestant evangelical Peter Malcolmson, has written two books on the Loyal Orders, and does not hesitate to call their rituals Satanic. In this context, it should be noted that in the 1970s, rumours circulated in Northern Ireland that Loyalist killers such as McKeague engaged in satanic ritual torture of their victims. The killings of the notorious Orange murder gang, the Shankill Butchers, also featured horrific ritualistically sadistic elements that could be interpreted as Satanic. Colin Wallace, a former PR officer for the British Army in Northern Ireland, has admitted that as part of his official duties, he set up Satanic witches’ circles in nationalist Catholic areas of Northern Ireland, in order, he says, to frighten and demoralise the local populations of these localities. Sharing, as they do, the same occult roots, and the same supremacist ideology, it should come as no surprise to find that both Orangeists and their British securocrat ringmasters are no strangers to witchcraft. Orangeism is the Northern Irish face of Anglo-Masonic esoteric imperialism. Many Anglo-conservatives, seduced by the prestige the Empire bestowed on Britain—not to mention its pageantry and apparent traditionalism—assume it was and is a conservative phenomenon when nothing could be further from the truth. Although British Masonry invented an entirely bogus racial justification for its supremacism (the indigenous English population are not predominantly Anglo-Saxon and are considerably less “Aryan” than their neighbours) British imperialism, military, political and cultural, did more to advance the breakdown of national identity among European nations (including the British nations) than any other force in history. G.K. Chesterton once said of the Freemason and British Empire jingoist, Rudyard Kipling, that he loved England not because it was English but because it was great. Chesterton saw the British Empire as undermining the essence of Englishness—a prophetic insight vindicated by events that began to take shape a few short years after his death. In its modern form, Anglo-Zio-masonic supremacism undermines the essence, not just of Englishness, but of all European nationalities. The virtual imposition of the English language across Europe, together with “Anglo-Saxon” economic models and ubiquitous surveillance, has not only shredded the cultural fabric of the continent, but facilitated huge waves of migration—waves that have the potential to completely destroy “old Europe”. But then Anglo-Masonic supremacists might not be too bothered by that, since their form of jingoism has traditionally viewed Christian Europe (and Ireland), not non-Europeans, as the great enemies of “British liberal, (i.e. Masonic, anti-Catholic) values”. During the recent British referendum on E.U. membership, most Orangeists and most British Neocons supported Brexit, on the grounds that Britain’s spiritual hinterland was not Europe, but the multi-cultural, multi-religious, multi-racial Commonwealth. Ironically, for all the chauvinistic chest-thumping of the Brexiters, the E.U. itself is an Anglo-Zionist project, as evidenced by the wholesale destruction of European languages, cultures, and ethnic identities that has taken place since its inception in the 1950s. Thus, spurning the E.U. in order to bolster one’s relations with the Commonwealth is akin to leaving Grand Orient Freemasonry in order to concentrate on one’s membership of the Scottish Rite variety. Both lead to the same place in the end: perdition. “A Secret History Of The IRA” by Ed Moloney (Allen Land, The Penguin Press, 2002), is one of several books that provides an account of how British security forces and armed Orange mobs came together to attempt to drive Catholics out of Belfast at the start of the Troubles. Moloney’s book is also a useful, if rather oblique, primer to the extent of British control of the Provisional IRA – especially under the leadership of Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness. There is now overwhelming evidence that the IRA was infiltrated at the very highest level: see for example the Irish News article:”Shankill allegations call into question all we once knew about a bloody time” (Alison Morris, January 25, 2016) about the revelation that an 1993 IRA bomb attack on a fish and chip shop in the Belfast Protestant heartland of the Shankill Road, was carried out by a British agent. Heresy: The Battle of Ideas in Modern Ireland, by Desmond Fennell (The Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1993) elucidates the extent of pro-Unionist and anti-nationalist and anti-Catholic bias in the Irish corporate media. “Historic Handshake”: An Phoblacht, April 5, 2007 “Release Dublin and Monaghan bombings files, Irish Foreign Minister, Shankill bomb victim”, An Phoblacht, May 17, 2016 The Jewish Revolutionary Spirit And Its Impact On World History: Chapter 12: The Rise of Freemasonry, Dr. E. Michael Jones, Fidelity Press, 2008 “How success turned a nation of emigrants into a magnet for migrants: The Observer, December 12, 2001 Stone Cold: The True Story Of Michael Stone And The Milltown Massacre: pp. 29-157; Martin Dillon, Arrow, 1993 See Paul Foot’s book, “Who Framed Colin Wallace” (MacMillan, London, 1989), especially Chapter 2, “A Clockwork Orange”, for more details of the unholy plot between Orange terror groups and the British Secret State, to bring down Sunningdale “Stone Cold: The True Story Of Michael Stone And The Milltown Massacre” p.105; Arrow Books, 1993 “McCrea defends show of support for Wright”, Irish Times, September 6, 1996 “Billy Wright Was British Agent”, Irish News, October 27, 2003 Them: Travels With Extremists, Jon Ronson, Pan MacMillan, 2001 “From Ulster With Love: Israel’s Unlikely Ally”, Jewish News, October 17, 2014 The Lost Revolution: The Story Of The Official IRA And The Workers Party, Brian Hanley & Scott Millar, Penguin Ireland, 2009 “Don’t Romanticise Bloodstained Past”, David Aaronovitch, The Times, March 17, 2016 “Caught In The Middle: Irish Jews Walk A Fine Line In Sectarian Conflict, Jewish Telegraph Agency, June 19, 2003 Dillon, p. 70, p.105. Caught In The Middle, Jewish Telegraph Agency, June 19 ,2003 Secrets Societies Exposed: The Orange Order, The Royal Black Caught In The Middle, Jewish Telegraph Agency, June 19, 2003 “Satanic Secrets Of The Orange Order”, Henry McDonald, The Observer, October 27, 1999 Secret Societies Exposed: The Royal Black Who Framed Colin Wallace, pp. 138-145; Paul Foot, Pan Books, 1989

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Welcome to the enlightening world of herbal treatments for flea bites. As pesky as these little parasites may be, understanding the symptoms and risks associated with flea bites is crucial in combating their effects. Luckily, herbal remedies offer natural relief, surpassing conventional treatments with their myriad benefits. Discover the holistic approach to alleviating flea bite discomfort and delve into the array of popular herbal treatments that can aid in your journey to soothing these unwelcome visitors. Introduction to Herbal Treatments for Flea Bites Herbal treatments for flea bites provide natural remedies derived from plants to alleviate discomfort and support healing. These holistic approaches aim to soothe skin irritation and reduce inflammation caused by flea bites. By harnessing the therapeutic properties of herbs, individuals can find relief from itching and promote skin regeneration. Incorporating herbal treatments into flea bite care routines offers a gentle alternative to traditional approaches, emphasizing the power of nature in addressing skin ailments. Understanding Flea Bites Flea bites are itchy, red bumps commonly found on humans and pets. These bites are caused by fleas feeding on blood, leaving behind saliva that triggers allergic reactions in some individuals. - Symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, and sometimes a rash. - Scratching flea bites can lead to skin infections and scarring. - Flea bites can be mistaken for other insect bites or skin conditions. Untreated flea bites can result in secondary infections or severe allergic reactions. Seeking medical advice is essential if symptoms worsen or if there are signs of infection. Proper identification and treatment are crucial in managing flea bites effectively. The symptoms and characteristics of flea bites Flea bites typically present as small, red bumps on the skin accompanied by intense itching, often in clusters or a line of bites. The affected area may become swollen and inflamed, with some individuals experiencing a burning sensation. These bites are commonly found on the lower legs and feet, as fleas tend to target these areas for feeding. In some cases, flea bites can lead to a localized allergic reaction, characterized by hives or a rash around the bite site. Scratching the bites excessively can break the skin, increasing the risk of secondary infections. Additionally, flea bites can transmit diseases in some instances, making prompt treatment crucial to prevent complications and alleviate discomfort. Recognizing the symptoms of flea bites is essential for timely intervention and relief. If you suspect flea bites, it is advisable to avoid scratching to prevent further irritation and seek appropriate herbal treatments to soothe the affected skin naturally. By understanding the symptoms and characteristics of flea bites, individuals can take proactive steps to address these issues effectively using herbal remedies while promoting healing and comfort. Risks associated with untreated flea bites Untreated flea bites pose risks beyond skin irritation, including potential infection and allergic reactions. Scratching flea bites can introduce bacteria, leading to infections. Additionally, some individuals may experience severe allergic responses to flea saliva, resulting in swelling, redness, and even anaphylaxis in extreme cases. Ignoring flea bites can exacerbate discomfort and prolong healing, impacting overall well-being. Seeking prompt treatment, whether conventional or herbal, is crucial in managing flea bites effectively and minimizing potential complications. Benefits of Herbal Treatments Herbal treatments for flea bites offer natural relief from itching, redness, and swelling caused by flea bites. These remedies harness the healing properties of plants to soothe skin irritations without the use of harsh chemicals, making them gentle and well-tolerated by individuals with sensitive skin. Unlike conventional treatments that may contain synthetic ingredients, herbal remedies provide a holistic approach that nurtures the skin back to health. One of the key benefits of herbal treatments is their anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties, which help alleviate discomfort associated with flea bites. Plants like calendula, chamomile, and aloe vera possess soothing qualities that reduce inflammation and promote healing, offering quick relief from itching and pain. Additionally, herbal treatments often have antimicrobial effects, aiding in preventing infection at the site of the flea bite, thereby supporting the body’s natural healing process. Moreover, herbal treatments for flea bites are cost-effective and readily available, making them accessible to individuals seeking alternative remedies for their skin concerns. By incorporating herbal treatments into your skincare routine, you can benefit from the healing powers of nature while avoiding potential side effects of conventional treatments. Embracing herbal remedies for flea bites not only treats the symptoms effectively but also nurtures overall skin health, promoting a natural and holistic approach to wellness. How herbal treatments offer natural relief for flea bite symptoms Herbal treatments offer natural relief for flea bite symptoms by harnessing the healing properties of plant-based ingredients. These remedies often possess anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities that can help soothe itching, reduce redness, and prevent infection associated with flea bites. For example, ingredients like aloe vera, calendula, or tea tree oil are known for their calming and healing effects on the skin after a flea bite. Moreover, herbal treatments can promote faster healing by supporting the body’s natural mechanisms for skin repair. They nourish the skin with essential nutrients and antioxidants, aiding in the regeneration of damaged tissues caused by flea bites. By incorporating herbal remedies into your flea bite treatment regimen, you can address the symptoms effectively while avoiding the potential side effects that may accompany some conventional treatments. Overall, the gentle yet potent nature of herbal treatments makes them a popular choice for individuals seeking a more holistic approach to managing flea bite discomfort. By utilizing the power of nature’s remedies, you can experience relief from itching, swelling, and pain associated with flea bites in a safe and natural way, promoting overall skin health and well-being. Advantages of using herbal remedies over conventional treatments Herbal remedies offer distinct advantages over conventional treatments for flea bites. Firstly, herbal treatments are natural, making them gentler on the skin and less likely to cause adverse reactions compared to chemical-laden alternatives. This aligns with the preference for organic solutions in promoting overall well-being. Moreover, herbal remedies often target the root cause of the issue, providing holistic relief that addresses not just the symptoms but also improves the body’s internal balance. This approach contrasts with conventional treatments that may offer temporary relief without addressing underlying imbalances. Additionally, the versatility of herbal treatments allows for customization based on individual needs and preferences. This flexibility empowers individuals to tailor their treatment regimen according to specific sensitivities or preferences, enhancing the overall healing experience. Overall, the advantages of using herbal remedies over conventional treatments lie in their natural, holistic, and customizable nature, offering a compelling alternative for those seeking effective and gentle solutions for flea bites. Popular Herbal Treatments Popular herbal treatments for flea bites include natural remedies like aloe vera, tea tree oil, and lavender essential oil. Aloe vera’s soothing properties can help reduce inflammation and itching, while tea tree oil possesses antibacterial qualities that aid in preventing infection. Lavender oil is known for its calming effects and can promote healing of the skin. Another effective herbal treatment is calendula, which has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties that can assist in relieving discomfort and enhancing the healing process of flea bites. Additionally, chamomile can be used to alleviate itching and reduce redness due to its gentle and calming characteristics. These popular herbal treatments offer a holistic approach to managing flea bites, providing natural relief without the potential side effects often associated with conventional treatments. Incorporating these herbal remedies into your skincare routine can help alleviate symptoms and promote faster healing, all while harnessing the natural benefits of plant-based solutions. Preparation and Application of Herbal Treatments Herbal treatments for flea bites involve natural remedies that can be prepared and applied easily at home. To effectively utilize these treatments: Create Herbal Infusions: Prepare herbal infusions by steeping herbs like chamomile, lavender, or calendula in hot water. Allow the mixture to cool before using it to soothe flea bite irritation. Make Herbal Poultices: Blend herbs like plantain, witch hazel, or aloe vera into a paste. Apply this directly to the flea bites for their anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Utilize Herbal Compresses: Soak a clean cloth in a herbal infusion or diluted essential oil mixture. Place the compress on the affected areas to alleviate itching and promote healing. Apply Herbal Salves or Ointments: Look for commercially available herbal salves containing ingredients like tea tree oil or neem for their antibacterial and anti-itch properties. Apply as instructed for relief from flea bite symptoms. Herbal Treatments for Flea Bites in Pets When addressing herbal treatments for flea bites in pets, it is essential to consider safe and effective remedies that cater to their specific needs. Here are key insights on how herbal treatments can benefit pets dealing with flea bites: - Herbal treatments provide a gentle and natural approach to alleviate flea bite symptoms in pets. - Some popular herbal remedies for pets include calendula, chamomile, and neem, known for their soothing and healing properties. - These treatments can be applied in various forms such as herbal sprays, soothing balms, or herbal baths for pets’ comfort. - Consulting with a veterinarian before administering herbal treatments to pets is crucial to ensure safety and efficacy. Combining Herbal Treatments with Preventative Measures When addressing flea bites with herbal treatments, it is essential to complement these remedies with preventative measures to ensure long-term relief and protection. By incorporating preventative actions alongside herbal treatments, you can effectively manage flea infestations and minimize the risk of future bites. To achieve comprehensive care, consider the following strategies: - Regularly vacuum and clean your living spaces to eliminate fleas and their eggs. - Wash pet bedding and areas they frequent to reduce the flea population in your home. Pet care practices: - Implement a flea prevention program for your pets, such as using flea collars or topical treatments. - Groom your pets regularly to check for fleas and remove any present parasites promptly. - Utilize herbal repellents in your living spaces to deter fleas from infesting your home. - Explore natural solutions like essential oils or herbal sachets to create a hostile environment for fleas. By integrating preventative measures like environmental modifications, diligent pet care, and herbal repellents with herbal treatments for flea bites, you can address current infestations while safeguarding against future flea-related issues effectively. This combined approach promotes holistic well-being and aids in maintaining a flea-free environment for you and your pets. Consulting with an Herbalist or Healthcare Provider Consulting with an Herbalist or Healthcare Provider is crucial for severe flea bite reactions. Seeking professional guidance ensures proper diagnosis and treatment tailored to individual needs. Herbalists or healthcare providers can recommend specific herbal treatments based on the severity of the flea bites and any existing allergies. It’s important to find reputable sources for herbal treatment recommendations to ensure efficacy and safety. Consulting with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider can prevent any potential adverse reactions or interactions with existing medications. They can offer personalized advice on the best herbal remedies for flea bites based on your unique circumstances. Professional guidance also extends to monitoring and adjusting herbal treatments as needed. Regular follow-ups with an herbalist or healthcare provider can track progress and make necessary modifications to the treatment plan. This proactive approach ensures optimal healing and minimizes any risks associated with herbal remedies for flea bites in the long run. The importance of seeking professional guidance for severe flea bite reactions Seeking professional guidance for severe flea bite reactions is essential. Expert advice ensures proper diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications. Herbal treatments may interact with existing health conditions or medications, making professional supervision crucial for safety. Severe reactions, such as swelling or infection, require prompt medical attention to prevent further complications. Consulting with a healthcare provider or herbalist can provide tailored recommendations for effective management of severe flea bite reactions. Finding reputable sources for herbal treatment recommendations When seeking reputable sources for herbal treatment recommendations for flea bites, it is advisable to consult qualified herbalists, naturopathic doctors, or trusted healthcare providers with expertise in herbal medicine. These professionals can offer personalized guidance on selecting the most effective herbal remedies tailored to individual needs, ensuring safe and appropriate usage. Additionally, reputable herbal medicine books, scientific journals, and reputable websites curated by experts in the field can provide valuable insights and evidence-based information on herbal treatments for flea bites. Furthermore, reputable sources for herbal treatment recommendations often emphasize the importance of using high-quality, organic herbs to maximize the effectiveness of the treatments. Look for sources that prioritize sustainability, ethical sourcing practices, and transparent information on the preparation and dosage of herbal remedies. Avoid unreliable sources that lack credibility or promote unverified claims about herbal treatments, as these can potentially pose risks to your health and well-being. By conducting thorough research and verifying the credibility of sources, you can make informed decisions when selecting herbal treatments for flea bites. Remember that when it comes to herbal treatments, quality and authenticity are key. Prioritize recommendations from reputable sources that prioritize safety, effectiveness, and ethical practices in herbal medicine. By seeking guidance from trusted professionals and reliable resources, you can confidently explore the natural healing power of herbal treatments for flea bites with peace of mind and assurance in their efficacy. Monitoring and Adjusting Herbal Treatments Monitoring and Adjusting Herbal Treatments for flea bites is crucial for optimal results. Keep track of your progress and adjust the treatment as needed based on how your body responds. If you notice any adverse reactions or if the treatment is not providing relief, consult an herbalist or healthcare provider promptly. Regularly assess the effectiveness of the herbal remedies in alleviating flea bite symptoms. Note any changes in the severity or frequency of symptoms to determine if adjustments are necessary. It’s essential to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider to ensure the herbal treatments remain suitable for your individual needs. Additionally, monitoring involves being mindful of any potential interactions between herbal treatments and other medications you may be taking. Always inform your healthcare provider about all remedies you are using to avoid any complications. Adjusting herbal treatments may involve changing dosages, frequencies, or exploring alternative remedies to address any issues that arise effectively. By staying vigilant and proactive in monitoring and adjusting herbal treatments for flea bites, you can optimize the healing process and ensure that you are benefiting from the natural relief these remedies offer. Remember to follow the guidance of healthcare professionals and herbalists to make informed decisions about your treatment plan and achieve the best outcomes in managing flea bite symptoms naturally. Conclusion: Embracing the Natural Healing Power of Herbal Treatments for Flea Bites In concluding, embracing herbal treatments for flea bites harnesses the natural healing power of botanical remedies. These holistic solutions not only alleviate symptoms but also promote overall well-being. By opting for herbal treatments, individuals enhance their quality of life while addressing flea bite discomfort effectively. Embracing the natural approach ensures a gentle yet potent response to flea bites, prioritizing health alongside relief. Herbal treatments for flea bites provide a holistic approach to alleviating discomfort and promoting healing naturally. By harnessing the power of herbal remedies such as aloe vera, calendula, and chamomile, individuals can find relief from itching and inflammation caused by flea bites. These botanical treatments offer a gentle alternative to conventional remedies, reducing the risk of adverse reactions often associated with synthetic products. The application of herbal treatments for flea bites involves preparing infusions, ointments, or compresses using medicinal plants known for their anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. A simple example is creating a soothing paste from crushed peppermint leaves or tea tree oil to apply directly to the affected skin. These natural remedies not only address the immediate symptoms of flea bites but also support the body’s healing process, promoting overall well-being. Pets can also benefit from herbal treatments for flea bites, with options like neem oil or lavender spray proving effective in soothing their discomfort. Combining herbal remedies with preventative measures like regular grooming and maintaining a clean living environment can help reduce the risk of flea infestations in both humans and animals. Consulting with an herbalist or healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance on selecting the most suitable herbal treatments and ensuring their safe and effective use for flea bites. In closing, herbal treatments offer a natural and holistic approach to alleviating discomfort caused by flea bites. Embracing these remedies not only provides relief from symptoms but also promotes overall well-being and a deeper connection to nature’s healing powers. Remember, consulting with an herbalist or healthcare provider can guide you in finding the most effective herbal treatments for flea bites tailored to your individual needs. By combining these natural remedies with preventative measures, you can proactively safeguard against future flea infestations and enjoy a more harmonious coexistence with these pesky parasites.

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Table of Contents Show One of the most stunning towns you will ever see, ocean, parks, and mountains encircle Vancouver. There are often inquiries regarding things to do in Vancouver when visiting the stunning province of British Columbia. We hope that this travel guide will be useful in assisting you with that! Tourism is a significant contributor to Vancouver’s economy. Vancouver is the second most visited city in Canada after Toronto. Places To Visit While In Vancouver: 1. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden This marvellous classical Chinese garden is in the center of the famous Chinatown. You can visit Dr. Sun Yat Sen’s Chinese garden with your family and friends and learn more about Chinatown’s history by partaking in various tours and exhibitions trade along with this Chinese garden. While in Chinatown, you can also enjoy the famous dim sum; here, you can enjoy a piece of China without going to China and looking at beautiful plants, flowers, bridges, and ponds. 2. Vancouver Convention Center The Vancouver convention center hosts public and private events; whether you want to attend a show or host an event, the Vancouver convention center should be your go-to option. 3. Granville Island If you love having delicious food, shopping, art, culture, history, and architecture, you would love to visit Granville Island in Downtown Vancouver. Known for its food, Granville Island has an abundance of markets, food stalls, restaurants, and lounge bars. The Granville Island public market is one of the famous spots in Granville Island and is one such place where you can buy fresh produce, seafood, baked goods, unique gifts, and a lot more. 4. The Vancouver Aquarium The Vancouver aquarium is a good option for fun with your companions. Situated in Stanley Park, this aquarium has animals from all around the world and has been deemed one of the best aquariums in North America. It also has been successful in rescuing animals in need throughout the years. Therefore you cannot go wrong with it. 5. The Richmond Night Market Richmond night market is an annual summer market that you can find in Richmond, specifically at night. The Richmond night market, the biggest market in North America that is only open on the weekends, offers a wide selection of delectable foods, mostly from Asian cuisine. What better way than to spend your summer weekends and enjoy fantastic food? 6. Sea To Sky Gondola What better than enjoying a spectacular view while sliding over it? Sitting in this four-walled glass box, you will have the experience of your lifetime. With maximum safety precautions taken into care, here you will not only have a tour of the city through the sliding carrier. But you can also indulge in many activities, including hiking, yoga, and having a great meal while enjoying a great view of the sunset on the Summit Lodge Deck. The Gastown neighbourhood is your one-stop destination for the perfect Instagram-worthy pictures; the famous Steam Clock, various art galleries, and impeccable eateries are some of the exciting places you will find in the Gastown neighbourhood. This region has some unique restaurants, which will give you pleasure after walking and exploring the neighbourhood all day. Additionally, Gastown features a wide variety of gift shops and galleries that feature one-of-a-kind items if you want to stock up on souvenirs. You will find that Gastown has also played a significant role in the history of Vancouver; therefore, walking instead of taking a ride will allow you to soak in all the facts about the history of this area. 8. Stanley Park Stanley Park, located in Downtown Vancouver is one of the most famous tourist spots. This park is not your standard park; it encompasses the famous Vancouver Aquarium and an outdoor pool; if this isn’t enough, the park’s beauty, thanks to the beautiful flowers and plants, will leave your mind blown. If you have arrived in Vancouver, Stanley Park is one place you cannot miss visiting; this park includes various tourist attractions. 9. Capilano Suspension Bridge Above the Capilano River, the Capilano Suspension Bridge in North Vancouver is just a few minutes away from Downtown Vancouver. The Capilano suspension bridge will give you a lot to enjoy. The Capilano suspension bridge and many new exciting attractions have been added to this place over the years. Such as the treetop adventure, the cliff walk, the Capilano River Story Center, and guided excursions. Additionally, you must see the stunning Canyon lights in December when in Vancouver. 10. False Creek False Creek is the one for you if you are a fan of breathtaking views. You can walk or cycle to Sunset Beach along the False Creek Seawall. You can also enjoy the various restaurants, cafes, pubs, and other places to visit while in False Creek. It is also within walking distance from the Science World and Granville Island, and the Museum of Vancouver is not too far from False Creek. 11. Rose Garden Who doesn’t like flowers? Enjoying a garden full of roses is everyone’s cup of tea, whether for clicking aesthetic pictures or just enjoying mother nature. The beautiful rose garden weather in UBC or Stanley park is worth your time. Stanley Park features forests, large lawns, beaches, lakes, and more. The UBC garden has a spectacular view of the mountains and the ocean, where you can have a lunch date with your loved ones or have a family picnic. If you are a photographer looking to capture some fantastic shots, your search is over; these gardens should be your next chosen spot. 12. Grouse Mountain What to do in Vancouver? one of the suggestions is hiking; you cannot leave hiking while in Vancouver. One of the most popular hiking trails in North Vancouver, famous for its adventurous and steep trail, is Grouse Grind in Grouse mountain. Within Grouse mountain, you can go hiking, zipline adventures, Skyride, and much more. The most popular activity at Grouse Grind is hiking. The mountain has wooden stairs as well, which are there to prevent the earth from eroding because so many people utilize Grouse Grind for hiking and exercise. 13. Lynn Canyon Park If you don’t want to burn a hole in your pocket and still want to enjoy your visit to North Vancouver, then you should consider Lynn Canyon Park. The free activities here won’t compromise your adventure because they aren’t expensive. You can go hiking, stroll across the suspension bridge, eat delicious meals at cafes, and much more. 14. Pam Rocks The Pam rocks are a group of stones of varying sizes; this area is known explicitly for marine life, especially for the seals and birds, easily visible from the pam rocks. Looking at cute seals is the perfect solution to boredom and what to do in Vancouver. You can sit for hours watching the seals play with each other, splashing in the water and enjoying. Diving enthusiasts can also have a good time exploring marine life, and if you are a non-diver but want to explore the area, a pleasant boat ride should satisfy you. 15. Museum Of Anthropology If you are the kind who likes to know about the past and visit museums and art galleries in every country you visit, then you wouldn’t want to miss the famous museums in Vancouver. One of the most famous museums in Vancouver is the Museum of Anthropology, located within the University of British Columbia, which is renowned for its collection of artifacts and relics from different parts of the world. The Museum of Anthropology holds various exhibitions and events showcasing marvellous carvings, weavings, and other historical objects. 16. Science World The famous Science world’s jaw-dropping architectural structure will make your visit worth the travel, with various events like exhibitions, galleries, theatres, and so much more. The Science World amazes many tourists, and people of all ages visit this location. The whole event is held indoors. Therefore you need not worry about the weather while visiting Science World. Not only this, but an additional benefit includes getting the membership of Science World if you see it more than three times a year. 17. Spanish Banks A sunny day well spent at the beach is what you need to find the solution to what to do in Vancouver; playing beach volleyball, flying kites, running carefree on the sand, and building sandcastles sounds like the perfect plan. The Spanish Bank is one such beach that offers you an excellent view and safety for the little ones due to the low tides. 18. Wreck Beach Another University of British Columbia attraction, this famous beach in Vancouver, is the Wreck Beach; unlike the Spanish Banks beaches, clothing here is optional; you heard it suitable if you want to be all-natural. This beach is the answer to what to do in Vancouver for the daring ones. This is the beach for you. Click aesthetic pictures on one of the best nude beaches globally. However, remember to respect others’ privacy and not take other people’s photos without consent. It is the number one rule at Wreck Beach. Several local vendors are present on this beach, plus frequent events are also held. 19. The North Shore Mountains The North Shore Mountains are famous for the two suspension bridge and various activities, including hiking, biking, skiing, and other attractions, a paradise for adventure sports enthusiasts. If you love shopping, North shore has covered you; with various malls and community shopping districts, you will be sorted for a good shopping day. 20. Christ Church Cathedral Known as the oldest church in Vancouver, the Christ Church Cathedral, an Anglican cathedral, is situated at 690 Burrard Street. The church is known for its beauty and welcoming environment; you will also be astonished by the well-synced 35-member choir. If you are religious or just into beautiful architectural structures, Christ Church Cathedral is the answer to the question of what to do in Vancouver. 21. Lions Gate Bridge When it was completed, it was the longest suspension bridge in the entire British empire; as the name suggests, there are concrete lions on either side of the bridge. It is also a three-lane suspension bridge that links West Vancouver, North Vancouver, and the city centre of Vancouver. This suspension bridge is renowned for having stunning nighttime beauty. 22. Stanley Park Totem Poles The first Totem Poles of the nation in Stanley Park are the most visited sight in Vancouver, British Columbia, and maybe all of Canada! In Stanley Park, many stunning totem poles are located in two distinct areas of the park. Except for three totem poles and three Welcome Gateways, all of the totem poles and Welcome Gateways are placed in a magnificent meadow setting near Brockton Point in Stanley Park. At Stanley Park Junction, where the Miniature Train runs, just one totem pole is Children of the World. Two more totem poles on the Miniature Train route can only be viewed by taking the train journey during the day. 23. Bloedel Conservatory Bloedel Conservatory is a domed green paradise in Queen Elizabeth Park on the highest point in Vancouver. More than 100 exotic birds, koi fish, and 500 exotic plants and flowers thrive within its temperature-controlled habitat. This was the list of tourist spots where you can go for great food, beautiful pictures, shopping, adventures, exploration, spectacular views, and much more while visiting Vancouver city. Vancouver has many tourist activities, like hiking, sightseeing, kayaking, skiing, snowboarding, and cycling, among many others. Several tourist attractions like parks, suspension bridges, the well-known Chinatown, museums, beaches, and much more are also nearby. 24. Vancouver Public Library This haven will be your ideal go-to place if you’re a bookworm. The Vancouver Public Library houses a vast collection of books and digital information. The library offers community information, activities for children, teens, adults, and homebound delivery. Furthermore, the library provides access to information and reference services, text databases, and interlibrary loan services. 25. English Bay Beach English Bay is bounded north by West Vancouver, east by the City of Vancouver, and south by the region from Kitsilano to Point Grey. It is a breathtakingly gorgeous harbour with breathtaking vistas in every way. There isn’t a terrible position in West Vancouver, whether you’re at the western portion of the Stanley Park seawall or everywhere from Ambleside to Dundarave and Lighthouse Park. The views from Kitsilano, Jericho, and Spanish Banks beaches in the south are just as breathtaking. From English Bay, there are fantastic trails for riding and walking along the water. On one route, they go all the way to Stanley Park, while on the other, they go all the way to Point Grey through Science World, Granville Island, and Kitsilano Beach. 26. Butchart Gardens Butchart Gardens is officially a National Historic Site of Canada. As you go around The Gardens, you’ll see relics of the old cement plant and millions of bedding plants in over 900 types. The Butchart Gardens, a beautiful 55-acre complex, brims with five central gardens, magnificent fountains, exciting sculptures, and trickling streams and erupts with wave upon wave of colour throughout most of the year. Whichever year you wish to visit, you will undoubtedly discover something new. 27. Lonsdale Quay Market The Lonsdale Quay Public Market is a well-known landmark in North Vancouver’s Lonsdale Quay and Lower Lonsdale Districts. Visitors may discover anything from fresh food to local artisan crafts at the market, home to 60 locally-owned and run enterprises. The Lonsdale Quay Public Market was built in 1986 as a carnival-style marketplace attraction for Expo ’86. Expo ’86 was Vancouver’s World’s Fair in 1986. Since then, the market has kept most of its historic architecture and is a must-see on the North Shore. The renowned Q tower is another prominent feature of the market. Although it seems like a tedious visit, the scenery is worth it. People can access the tower by exiting the building onto the patio and climbing 77 steps to the summit. 28. Main Street Main Street is one of Vancouver’s most visible and well-known thoroughfares. There are intriguing stores, cafés, and restaurants along with select blocks. Main Street is not a tourist destination in the same way that Robson Street and Granville Street are. However, it has many sights worth seeing and is popular with residents. The route connects Gastown and Crab Park in the north to the Fraser River in the south. 29. Maritime Museum The Vancouver Maritime Museum is an excellent location for families to explore and learn about the sea and the ships that sail it. Climb aboard the famous St. Roch, the first ship to transit the Northwest Passage from west to east. Explore the decks and imagine yourself as a crew member that worked onboard the ship in the 1940s. The underwater world allows children to fantasize, create, and play. At the same time, the entire family may visit galleries and exhibits documenting the rich nautical heritage of the Pacific Northwest and the Arctic. Take through exhibitions on shipwrecks, lighthouses, early fur trade, fireboats, battleships, deep-ocean exploration, ship models, the Arctic, and more. 2. Activities To Do While In Vancouver: 2.1 Skiing And Snowboarding Vancouver, BC, offers a good range of ski resort choices, where you can spend your weekends and savour your passion for skiing and snowboarding; whether a beginner or a pro, Vancouver has something for everyone. Vancouver, BC, has many trails where you can safely go skiing. Grouse Mountain is one location where you can ski. It has many parks where beginners, intermediates, and advanced skiers can have the time of their lives. 2.2 Visiting Art Galleries And Museums If there’s a creative worm in you or you are interested in knowing about Vancouver’s history, then stopping by the famous art galleries and museums will be no less of a delight. Vancouver Art Gallery, Bill Reid Gallery, and Audein art museum are a few of the many options you can choose from. The Museum Of Vancouver, and Museum Of Anthropology, among others, should be your go-to options. If you love outdoor activities, hiking in Vancouver should be your tea. Vancouver has a good number of hiking trails. The mountain’s lush forests make the hiking experience a lot more pleasant and venturesome while simultaneously providing breathtaking, spectacular views. Grouse Mountain, Stanley Park, and Capilano Canyon are a few examples of places in Vancouver that can provide you with a great hiking adventure. You’ll probably appreciate using a bike to explore the city. For bikers, Vancouver offers a variety of trails and routes. The perfect destination for a great cycling experience would be the infamous Stanley Park and other parks like Queen Elizabeth Park and other Vancouver parks. One popular water sport, kayaking, is significantly enjoyed by those who love adventure; it is considered a fun activity wherein you have to paddle your way through the water. In Vancouver, you may go kayaking in several locations, including False Creek, Alice Lake, Port Moody, and others. Weight loss, better stamina, cardiovascular advantages, and enjoyment are all advantages of kayaking. If you are in the mood for a full-body workout but want to do it in style, then kayaking should be your pick. 2.6 Shop Till You Drop Downtown Vancouver provides you with various options for the shopaholic in you. Downtown Vancouver offers a wide variety of goods, from well-known brands to unique vintage items. You can discover everything here, whether you want something luxurious or inexpensive. CF Pacific Centre, the largest mall in Downtown Vancouver, Oakridge Centre, and many public markets will ensure your shopping list is all ticked. 2.7 Whale Watching Whales from March to October migrate through the waters of Vancouver; this is also the time when guided tours are offered for whale watching in Vancouver. Various whales come around the Vancouver region, where you can savour the fun of watching these mystical water creatures enjoying and playing in the waters of Vancouver. Whales are social creatures, and people enjoy watching them swim here and there in the water and making famous whale noises, which many people find attractive. You can see the whales outdoors or indoors, depending on your chosen guided tour company. 2.8 Visit Parks An affordable yet straightforward answer to the question; of what to do in Vancouver is to visit parks. For your next picnic or family adventure, consider Stanley Park, Pacific Spirit Regional Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, or Lynn Canyon Park. Stanley Park is the most popular and largest one in Vancouver, named after the Governor-General; this urban park plays a significant role in Vancouver’s history. 2.9 Attend a Vancouver Canucks game The Vancouver Canucks are a professional NHL ice hockey club based in Vancouver that plays their home games at Rogers Arena. These are some of the activities you can participate in while in Vancouver. Now let us look at some famous tourist attraction spots you can visit while in Vancouver city: 3. Visiting Vancouver Island Vancouver Island well represents Western Canada. It has Rugged mountains, raging oceans, and lush rainforests. It’s a terrific spot to visit any time of year, thanks to the limitless outdoor leisure possibilities and enormous wildlife opportunities (orcas and bears, anyone?). There’s scuba diving, surfing, swimming, and fishing to attempt, as well as other activities and many other Islands (large and little!) to visit that are only a short ferry or paddle away. If ocean water isn’t your thing, drive inland and soon come across a mountain-framed lake. Biking and golfing can be seemingly done all year. If you’re prepared to put in the time and effort, you can surf and ski on the same day. On Vancouver Island, it’s a win-win situation for everyone. Strathcona Provincial Park, as well as the Pacific Rim National Park, are located on Vancouver Island. The two excellently illustrate the landscape’s variety; gorgeous beaches and rainforests on the coast and calm lakes and mountains in the interior. Smaller Provincial Parks, including Cape Scott (rugged coastal wilderness), Cathedral Grove (giant trees! ), Sproat Lake (the heart of the lake region), and Goldstream (even more enormous trees!), round out the image. Vancouver will provide value for your money because public transit will enable you to travel without incurring high costs. As a result, you can travel more affordably and then relax later when you are in the location you need to explore. In light of the preceding, the question of what to do in Vancouver has been resolved. You can locate your favourite activity or sport to enjoy while visiting Vancouver by reading through this quick guide on what to do in Vancouver. Frequently Asked Question 1. Can You Make A Budget-Friendly Trip To Vancouver? If you want to spend less but still have the whole tourist experience, you will love the public parks in Vancouver. Some famous parks include Stanley Park, Lynn Canyon, Pacific Spirit Regional Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, and many more. Other public places that are free of cost include visiting churches like the very popular Christ Church Cathedral and other places like Grouse Mountain. Here, you can hike due to great hiking trails and visit Granville Island, where you can experience the chaos of the local markets. You can opt for bus rides or cycling, but the old-fashioned way of exploring the city on foot is the best. You can also look at the creative art created by talented local artists on the streets of Vancouver. 2. What Are the Attractions of Exploring Vancouver? If you decide to visit Vancouver, you cannot go back without a sightseeing trip to the city, where you will be able to see the famous spots in Vancouver. They are primarily revered for their historical significance or their aesthetic appeal. The variety of locations Vancouver has to offer will astound you. This sightseeing tour will be guided and cost you a bit; however, if you are an experienced traveller, you can explore the city and find new exciting places. 3. What is the Eating Scene like In Vancouver If you are a foodie, the food tour in Vancouver will not disappoint you due to the variety of delicious food options Vancouver has, and you will not find it hard to find an answer to what to do in Vancouver. The most loved and popular foods include Japanese hotdogs, dim sum, ice cream, fried chicken, pasta, poutine, and the list goes on and on. Thus, Vancouver has you covered if you’re concerned about lunchtime drama. Having a hearty supper at Prospect Point in Stanley Park doesn’t sound horrible. Last Updated on by Priyanshi Sharma

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Insulin Absorption: Factors, Best Sites, and Ways to Improve Time to read 13 min Time to read 13 min For some people, insulin is a superhero. Whether you've eaten too much or have poor glucose control, insulin swoops in and saves you before your blood sugar gets too high. People with type 1 diabetes, in particular, know how important insulin is throughout the day. However, insulin only works if it's absorbed properly. There are tons of factors that can affect the rate of insulin absorption in your body, which in turn, affects your blood glucose levels. In this article, we're going to cover all these factors, the best sites for injecting insulin, and how to improve your insulin absorption. Insulin absorption ultimately determines how well you manage your diabetes. No matter how much insulin you take, your blood glucose levels will remain high if it's not reaching your bloodstream. On the other hand, if it's being absorbed but too slowly, it won't be able to control or regulate huge spikes in your blood sugar. You might think you're following your diabetes care plan and taking the right doses on time, but in reality, your insulin injections aren't working because of: Poor insulin absorption (part of the dose is lost) Slow insulin absorption This could cause symptoms and complications ranging from mild discomfort to a hyperglycemic coma. This is why people with diabetes need to understand insulin absorption rates and the different factors affecting it. From there, you can optimize these factors to improve your insulin therapy. In addition, regarding absorption rates, the UK FIT guidelines state the following for insulin injection into subcutaneous tissue: The thigh and buttocks are the preferred injection sites when using NPH (intermediate-acting) as the basal insulin, since absorption is slowest from these sites. The abdomen is the preferred site for soluble human insulin, since absorption is fastest there. Premixed insulin (human or analogue) should be given in the abdomen in the morning to increase the speed of absorption of the short-acting insulin to cover post-breakfast glycaemic excursions Premixed insulin should be given in the thigh or buttock before evening meal as this leads to slower absorption and decreases the risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Insulin absorption is equally important for type 1 and type 2 diabetes since it regulates blood glucose control. However, people with type 1 diabetes are much more dependent on insulin throughout their life and often take higher, more frequent doses than type 2 diabetics. Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune condition where your body's immune system attacks the insulin-secreting beta cells of the pancreas. This leaves your pancreas unable to produce insulin, so you're stuck taking insulin injections for life. Some people with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin up to five times a day, so you can imagine the importance of insulin absorption. With type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, the body produces insulin but in small amounts, so even if insulin absorption isn't perfect a few times, your body might be able to manage. Insulin absorption differs from one person to another. However, a few common factors affect absorption in all people, such as injection site, technique, formulation, temperature, and injection device. Where you inject your insulin is one of the most important factors affecting the absorption rate. Insulin is usually formulated as a subcutaneous injection, which means it's supposed to be injected into the subcutaneous layer of your skin. When choosing an injection site, you want subcutaneous areas full of connective tissue and some adipose tissue (fatty tissue) rather than muscles. Muscles have a much higher insulin absorption rate than subcutaneous tissue. This means the insulin reaches your bloodstream much faster and starts working too quickly. This could lead to severe hypoglycemia if you haven't eaten. On the other hand, subcutaneously administered insulin works at a moderate pace that doesn't cause drastic changes in your blood glucose. Much research has been done on diabetics and healthy subjects to determine the best sites for insulin injection. Some of the most popular subcutaneous injection sites include the abdomen, thighs, upper arms, lower back, buttocks, and hips. Most people with diabetes prefer the abdomen because it's easier to access and less painful than other sites. The abdomen also provides the fastest insulin absorption rate because it has a great blood supply, fewer muscles, and more subcutaneous tissue. Aim for the best absorption rate for the area between your waist and hip bones and about two inches away from your belly button. The upper arms have the second fastest absorption rate of all the injection sites, but self-administration is difficult. Ideally, you want to inject insulin into the triceps at the back of your arm, midway between the elbow and the shoulder. It can be hard for some people to reach this area with their non-dominant hand, pinch it, and inject insulin simultaneously. The thighs are a much easier injection site for self-administration but have a slower absorption rate than the abdomen and upper arm. This is due to a larger muscle mass in the thighs, which means a longer needle length might reach muscle tissue instead of subcutaneous tissue. To help lower the chances of hitting muscle, pinch 1-2 inches of skin when doing a thigh injection. The injection should be about 4 inches above the knee, toward the top of the leg. Stay away from the inner thigh region. The lower back, upper buttocks, and hips have the slowest absorption rates of all the injection sites, so keep them as a last resort. These can be difficult to administer on your own, as well. Differences in absorption speed are generally related to subcutaneous blood flow (SBF) at injection site. Important factors are also obesity and lipodystrophy (common side effect of repeated insulin injection). Both factors result in poor blood flow at the injection site causing delayed absorption. Insulin formulations are classified into five types according to how fast they work and how long they stay in your body. They range from rapid-acting to long-acting insulin, each with a unique way of managing blood sugar levels. For example, rapid-acting insulin helps control your blood glucose around mealtimes, preventing it from rising too high. This means that rapid-acting insulins need to have a fast absorption rate. On the other hand, long-acting insulins help keep your blood glucose at a steady, optimal level throughout the day. They usually have a much slower absorption rate, providing a steady insulin release over a longer period. Most people require a combination of different insulin types to manage diabetes. Here are the types of insulin: Rapid-Acting Insulin: It has the fastest absorption rate and works within 2.5 to 20 minutes. When you use rapid-acting insulin, eat right away to avoid low blood sugar. Popular examples include insulin aspart, insulin lispro, and insulin glulisine. Short-Acting Insulin: This type has a slower absorption rate than rapid-acting insulin and takes about 30 minutes to work. Short-acting insulins should be taken half an hour before food. Intermediate-Acting Insulin: It takes about 60 to 90 minutes to start working and has an intermediate absorption rate. It tends to be cloudy in nature, so make sure to mix it well before injection. NPH insulin is the most common type of intermediate-acting insulin. Long-Acting Insulin: This one has the slowest absorption rate and gets released steadily over 18 to 24 hours. It's usually clear and doesn't need mixing. Popular examples include insulin detemir and insulin glargine. Mixed Insulin: Three types of mixed insulins are rapid + intermediate, rapid + long, and short + intermediate. Each type has a different insulin absorption rate depending on the formulation ratios. Note: Intermediate-acting and long-acting insulins are often called background or basal insulins. Both insulin temperature and skin temperature can affect the rate of insulin absorption. For example, after a hot bath or sauna, your blood vessels are much more dilated, which means insulin gets absorbed much faster. On the other hand, after a cold shower or an ice bath, your insulin absorption rate decreases. As for insulin itself, you should never inject insulin right after taking it out of the fridge. Let it reach as close to room temperature as possible, or rub the vial in your hands to speed up the process before injecting. Cold insulin injections can be painful or unpleasant and have a poor insulin absorption rate. Physical activity is another factor that affects the absorption of insulin. When you exercise, your blood vessels become wider to pump more blood into your muscles. This leads to better insulin absorption. Exercise also makes your body cells more sensitive to insulin, making insulin injections more effective. However, remember that your body burns glucose for energy during physical activity, and insulin helps lower your glucose levels. If you take insulin and do high-intensity workouts, your blood glucose levels could drop dangerously low. Another thing to keep in mind if you take insulin before exercising is the injection site. For example, if you're going to play basketball, you might not want to inject insulin into your upper arm. It might be unpleasant during the game and can affect insulin absorption. Insulin absorption is also affected by the type of insulin delivery device you use. There are many different insulin delivery devices, but the most common are insulin pumps, syringes, and pens. The InsuJet is an innovative needle-free insulin jet administration system designed to revolutionize how insulin is delivered to individuals with diabetes. This cutting-edge device offers a pain-free and convenient alternative to traditional insulin injections, enhancing the quality of life for millions of patients worldwide. The InsuJet operates on a simple yet ingenious principle: utilizing high-velocity liquid insulin to penetrate the skin and deliver insulin into the subcutaneous tissue without using needles. This groundbreaking approach eliminates the discomfort associated with needles and minimizes the anxiety often linked with insulin injections, making it particularly advantageous for pediatric patients and individuals with needle phobias. The InsuJet system consists of a handheld device that houses a replaceable insulin cartridge. Patients can easily load the cartridge into the device, adjust the dosage, and place it against their skin. Upon activation, a controlled burst of pressurized air propels a fine stream of insulin through a microscopic orifice, creating a virtually painless entry point through the skin. The device's adjustable settings facilitate the precision of insulin delivery, ensuring accurate dosing tailored to the patient's needs. By providing an efficient, needle-free, and user-friendly solution, the InsuJet represents a remarkable advancement in diabetes care, potentially promoting better adherence to insulin regimens and improving patients' overall health and well-being. Insulin syringes are common one-time-use insulin injection devices. They come in three different sizes according to the maximum units of insulin they can hold: 30-unit, 50-unit, and 100-unit syringes. The syringe size, more specifically the needle length, and angle of injection, can affect the rate of insulin absorption. Needle length is typically between 6 to 8 mm. Depending on your body fat percentage, the needle reaches either subcutaneous tissue or the muscle, which have different absorption rates. Your doctor should decide which syringe size and needle length are best for you, depending on your insulin dosage. For example, if you take 40 units of insulin per dose, the 30-unit syringe won't work for you. Also, keep in mind that syringes are to be used once and then disposed of. In the UK, U100 single use insulin syringes are the only ones used for insulin injection. Also, the Forum for Injection technique (FIT4Diabetes :: United Kingdom ) has guidelines for insulin syringes inthe UK with regards to needle length: 4mm needles with the smallest diameter (higher gauge number) are suitable for patients with insulin doses less than 50 units Patients with insulin doses above 50 units may require insulin needles of 6mm Insulin pens are another method of injecting insulin without the hassle of measuring your dose. They allow for precise dosing each time, which improves your insulin absorption rates and keeps your insulin concentration steady with each dose. There are generally two types of insulin pens: disposable and reusable pens. Disposable ones are pre-packed with an insulin cartridge, and when it's empty, you throw away the whole pen. Reusable pens have a replaceable cartridge or penfill. Both types of pens require a disposable needle that screws onto the top of the pen for injection. These needles can vary from 4 to 12.7 mm in length and also have different thickness grades. You'll probably be comfortable with 4 or 5-mm lengths, but still, consult your doctor. An insulin pump is a small device you wear outside the body that delivers small, programmed insulin doses throughout the day. Only rapid-acting insulin is used with insulin pumps, and the doses are typically delivered to the body's fatty tissue, usually in the abdomen. These pumps provide a more precise and hands-free approach to insulin administration, which gives a more predictable insulin absorption rate than syringes and pens. Now that you know the different factors affecting insulin absorption, you can better control your blood glucose levels. Here are a few ways to improve insulin absorption: Site selection and rotation are the best ways to improve insulin absorption. When you repeatedly use the same injection site, the tissue becomes irritated and often develops scar tissue. This makes it even more uncomfortable and harder for insulin to be absorbed. Could you make sure to rotate the injection site between doses to avoid these complications? For example, if you take your nightly dose of long-acting insulin and prefer injecting it in the thigh, alternate between the left and right thighs each night. If you always take your regular insulin (short-acting insulin) in the morning and prefer abdomen injections, use different areas of the abdomen around the belly button. It's important to choose the injection site based on how fast you want the insulin to be absorbed. Long-acting insulin typically covers 24 hours, so it doesn't need a fast-absorption injection site. The thigh or hips will do. On the other hand, rapid-acting insulins injected into the abdomen have the fastest insulin absorption rate. It's perfect for when your blood glucose levels are too high or are about to spike post-meal. Remember, the order of insulin absorption from fastest to slowest is: abdomen, upper arm, thighs, and then upper buttocks, lower back, and hips. Improving your injection technique can enhance subcutaneous insulin absorption. Here are a few tips to keep in mind: Use a clean needle or syringe, inject at the correct depth by pinching your skin, and pick the right injection site Avoid scar tissue or areas with too much adipose tissue (fat deposits) Make sure the insulin isn't too cold before injection Warm up the insulin vial or pen by rubbing it between your hands before injecting it Avoid injecting insulin into body parts that you'll heavily rely on during exercise, such as the upper arms If you're interested, the American Diabetes Association has a quick article on how to take insulin safely and with little to no pain. If you are in the United Kingdom, Diabetes UK has an article on Injecting insulin Sometimes the reason insulin absorption is poor is that the insulin has gone bad. It might be due to improper storage or simply because it's been out of the fridge for too long. Here are a few tips to keep in mind when storing insulin: Keep unopened insulin in the fridge, on its side, and at a temperature of 2-8 °C Never freeze insulin Keep opened insulin at room temperature (less than 25 °C) and away from direct sunlight Once you've used an insulin vial or pen, it should be thrown out one month from the date of opening, even if you haven't finished it If you need to take insulin with you and the weather is too hot, pack it in an insulated insulin carry bag or cooler Please always look over your insulin injections before taking them. You should never use insulin injections if any of the following is true: Normally clear insulin has turned cloudy Normally cloudy insulin has formed clumps or flakes that don't go away when you gently rotate the vial The insulin is past its expiry date The opened insulin pen or vial has been out of the fridge for over a month Now that you know how insulin absorption works, your insulin injections are no longer a shot in the dark. You can get the most out of each insulin dose with the proper technique and tips. With this, you're one step closer to stable, steady blood glucose levels. Your cart is currently empty

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Clifton VA’s Top Local Junk Removal Service Have you been fed up with living among clutter and unwanted items? Are you looking for a dependable local junk removal service in Clifton Virginia? Your search is over! In this article, we shall explore the top-rated junk removal services in Clifton VA that can help you clear your space and declutter your life. Whether you need to get rid of old furniture, appliances, electronic waste, or simply just need trash pick-up services, these local businesses have you covered. Let’s dive in and see how these types of services can transform your home or office! - Find the top-rated local junk removal services in Clifton Virginia. - Find out about their expertise in furniture, appliance, and electronic waste removal. - Comprehend the cost associated with junk removal and find budget-friendly options. - Explore the benefit of trash pick up services provided by these companies. - Find out how debris cleaning services may help you clear larger debris items. Reputable Furniture Removal Services in Clifton Virginia With regards to efficiently removing furniture from your commercial or residential property, look no further than the reliable Junk B Gone in the best. These local junk removal businesses specialize in handling and getting rid of furniture items, including large pieces like sofas, beds, and cabinets. Using their expertise and equipment, you can rely on them to ensure a fast and expert furniture removal process. 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They can provide you with the necessary assistance and expertise to ensure your e-waste is discarded within an eco-friendly manner. |Benefits of Using Local Junk Removal Services for Electronic Waste Removal |Local services located near you |Knowledgeable in handling various electronic devices |Acquainted with e-waste disposal regulations and guidelines |Prioritizing proper recycling and eco-friendly practices Affordable Trash Get Services in Clifton VA In terms of trash pick up services in Clifton Virginia, local junk removal companies have got you covered. These facilities provide a convenient and effective solution for disposing of your normal household or office waste. By hiring a specialist junk removal service for trash pick-up, you save effort and time, since the companies handle the complete process, from collection to proper disposal. Trash get services supplied by local junk removal companies in Clifton Virginia are made to cater to both commercial and residential customers. 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Benefit from the cost-effective trash pick-up services available from local junk removal companies in Clifton VA. These types of services make waste disposal easy, convenient, and environmentally friendly. Contact a junk removal service today to plan a trash get appointment and appreciate a clutter-free space. Understanding Junk Removal Cost in Clifton VA When it comes to junk removal services in Clifton VA, it’s essential to have a clear understanding of the price involved. Junk removal companies typically base their charges on several factors, like the volume and weight in the things to be removed and the distance towards the disposal facility. By considering these factors, they are able to provide customers with the accurate estimate from the cost based on their specific needs. Customers can request quotes from local junk removal services to obtain a detailed breakdown in the cost. 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The French Legacy of Konrad Wachsmann When Konrad Wachsmann arrived at the Gropius house in Lincoln, Massachusetts, in September 1941, a destitute refugee, among his few possessions were two precious rolls of drawings, which he believed would one day make his fortune. One of these was the design of a tubular steel structural system.1 This system, later to become widely known as the Mobilar hangar, was one of Wachsmann’s major contributions to the art and science of building technology; its details fall beyond the scope of this study, but its development overlaps with our present concern and in some respects impinges seriously on it. The second roll of drawings contained ten2 small sheets, unannotated, unsigned, and undated, which delineated with exquisite precision a modular universal building system, consisting of load-bearing panels, weatherboarded externally, flush-paneled internally, thermally insulated, and combining freely (as indicated by the plans, sections, elevations, and details) to generate a house plan adhering to a rectilinear three-dimensional modular grid. The edges of the wall panels were beveled at 45 degrees, and were secured to each other by elaborate Y-shaped metal connectors. This proposal for a universal housing system lies at the heart of our subject. These two inventions, which represented the tangible legacy of Wachsmann’s unhappy stay in France, were documented under the most adverse of conditions, the prefabricated house in the internment camp, the steel system partly in Grenoble and partly when sheltering in the South of France, in a “cave near Vence,” in 1939.3 On starting his new life in America, as Walter and Ise Gropius’ guest, Wachsmann set these projects aside, to deal with more pressing immediate issues. Seeking to give Wachsmann some source of income and, more important, a sense of independence, Gropius offered him the opportunity of working in association on two architectural projects for whose design he had just been commissioned: a recreation center for Key West, Florida, and a house for “a successful writer.”4 This new professional association was in a sense timely for Gropius, who rarely, if ever, put pencil to drafting paper, who always preferred to work in collaboration, and who, at the time of Wachsmann’s arrival, found himself unexpectedly working alone, as his long-standing association with Marcel Breuer abruptly came to an end.5 Gropius and Wachsmann worked on these projects for a couple of months in the Gropius office in Cambridge, until the bombing of Pearl Harbor brought America into the war and eventually caused both schemes to be abandoned. However, the changed situation of America, and the implications of its new, active role in the war, stimulated Wachsmann to consider new architectural challenges and possibilities through the reactivation of dormant, but not forgotten, ideas. “That evening on December 7, 1941,” he recalled, “returning home, I told Gropius for the first time that I had developed during the time in the internment camp in France a universal system of industrialized building components, of course in the metric system . . . we talked after dinner until late in the night about it. . . .”6 The revelation of this system could not but excite Walter Gropius. He had, we may recall, just given evidence to the Congress on the need to develop such a factory-produced system of “standardized parts which should be interchangeable for use in different types of houses.”7 Now the basis of such a scheme, well conceived and presented, was put before him. The late-night discussion, on this fateful evening, could have but one result: a decision by Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann to devote all their energies in a concerted effort to develop the proposal to its full potentiality. Gropius of course had many other obligations, by which his direct commitment was limited, but Wachsmann was free to give the project his full attention. To this task he now devoted himself, in a design studio set up in the basement of the Gropius house. The Packaged House Work now proceeded at a furious pace. Three drawing tables were set up in U-fashion, and Wachsmann, on a swivel chair at their center, worked day and night, seven days a week, hardly ever leaving the house. The first task was to convert the original drawings, done in the metric scale, to feet and inches. Wachsmann, who was never satisfied merely to reiterate a previous proposal, took the opportunity to reconsider many of the original details, most significantly the metal joint. This new set of drawings included details of ten standard panels which made up the set of enclosing elements, and a sectional perspective to show how they combined to create an architectural entity. It comprised 20 sheets, bound in a cover labeled “Konrad Wachsmann, 1941. 1–20” and constituted the definitive basis of all future cooperative effort.8 But development work did not stop there. On the contrary, yet another variant was painstakingly evolved, with a completely new type of metal wedge connector, the third which Wachsmann had devised so far. This wedge connector consisted of an interlocking set of metal plates housed in the panel edge, replacing the Y-shaped connector screwed to the beveled surfaces of the original and modified French schemes. As all the components of this new connector were essentially two-dimensional (rather than the complex three-dimensional form of the Y-connector), they were obviously considered to be easier to manufacture and less vulnerable to damage. Progress was unbelievably fast. At the beginning of February Wachsmann was able to report to a friend in England that the work was nearly done, with 20 out of 24 planned sheets completed.9 He had worked compulsively, driven not only by his creative demon and his boundless faith in the system but equally by powerful emotional stresses of a blacker hue. He was an uprooted and displaced person, living on the kindness and hospitality of others; his wife Anna was ill in New York, and he was torn by anguish over the news from Europe that his mother and sister had been transported by the Nazis to Poland.10 In his case work was not only a means of fulfilling long-held ambitions, and a way of regaining independence and self-respect, it was also an anodyne to pain. The new set of drawings, comprising details of the panels, the new wedge connector, methods of jointing, floor and roof construction, stair details, room combinations, and illustrations of a “fictitious” building using all the elements, was completed by the third week of February 1942. Joseph Hudnut, Dean of the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University, was one of the first to see the completed work,11 and suggested the name, the “Packaged House,” which was immediatély adopted.12 The term itself was not new,13 but it was appropriate and became the registered trade mark of the system as well as its popular appellation. Konrad Wachsmann, modified scheme, panels, 1941 Gropius undertook the formalities of having the system patented, and by May 1942 an application had already been filed.14 Although the patent application claimed the novelty of the connector as the fundamental innovation of the system, the points stressed in the objectives of the system were much more comprehensive: “The invention aims to transfer most of the labor involved in the construction of a building from the site of the building itself to a factory and to make the erection of the building primarily one of assembly.” In order to achieve this, “standard units or sections, each consisting fundamentally of a duplicate of the other” are used so that “any frame section can be interchanged with any other.” In this sense the system was conceived as universal, with an infinite potential for combination of a set of standard panels (the vertical ones being load bearing) related to each other in three directions. In trying to place the Packaged House within the conceptual framework of systems theory, it is advisable to consider separately two different issues: the Packaged House as a construction system and the Packaged House as a design system. In construction terms it was conceived as a closed system; that is, it was entirely self-contained and comprised a kit of parts whose every component element was of necessity purpose-made. It was a rational system in that the number of components was severely limited; but for all that, it was closed. It did not seek to exploit the wide range of industrially produced building components then on the market; it could not, for instance, because of the nature of the panels and the jointing system, readily incorporate standard doors and windows, or pre-made roof trusses or ceiling panels, then being mass-manufactured by others. Nor did it adjust to industrial norms, where these existed, such as the standard 48” width of plywood which was incompatible with its 3’4” module. It was a closed, rigid, homogeneous, construction system, whose limited set of integrated components all stemmed from a single design source and ultimately would all have to be produced in one comprehensive factory. On the other hand, as a design system in relation to the end product produced, it was conceived essentially in much more flexible terms. Here it could be described as open-ended. It did not postulate a standard design, nor did it even envisage a standard set of house designs. It was intended to generate a very wide range of design options, which could not, in fact should not, be predicated in advance. These design options were of course not infinite but limited by the parameters of the construction system to a family of designs that were all rectilinear, modular, panelized, and low-rise. At this stage, whether considered as a construction system or a design system, it was essentially product oriented. The factory-made house is in itself a subsystem of a much wider system, which goes far beyond the physical object, and that is the housing process. The factory-made house is a product; industrialized housing is a process. In that process there are of necessity other subsystems, relating production to distribution, financing, legislation, transport, and land. The Packaged House, as a product to be manufactured, was not yet conceived in terms of this wider context. As a tool for generating houses, and as a physical product, the Packaged House was a unique and advanced conception, and yet, like many other great inventions, its uniqueness lay in an original synthesis of known and well-established elements. Except for the four-way metal connector (correctly claimed in the patent application as “new”), all the other aspects of the system were, by 1942, quite well known in theory and had often been demonstrated in practice. Load-bearing wood-framed panels, independent of a structural frame, had been used previously by both Wachsmann and Gropius. Wachsmann had worked with modular load-bearing panels at Christoph and Unmack prior to 1929, and Gropius had employed them in the Hirsch copper houses,15 based on the Förster and Krafft patent whose beveled edges were almost identical to the prototype design brought by Wachsmann from France. There were also several such systems used in the Growing House exhibition in Berlin in 1932, which had received wide publicity.16 An interesting parallel in the United States was the Modulok system17 of Arnold Southwell, an architect who was later to become involved in the Packaged House story. As far as the universality of the system was concerned, it is of interest to note an earlier proposal by architect E. Friberger for the Toreboda system, in which he used 3 m × 1 m panels which were standard except for their finishes for floors, roofs, and walls.18 Only the ingenious four-way metal connector of Wachsmann was entirely original. And yet, even here, it is not altogether without precedent. Some examples are particularly relevant. The infill panels of the Uninorm system of Constructions, Demontables Uninorm, of Paris, of 1938, were connected by a metal fastener. The “panels are fixed to each other by a special locking device with a key, two to each panel . . . an interesting locking device permitting rapid demountability.”19 As one of the principal uses of the system was for temporary shelters and barracks, one wonders if Wachsmann perhaps came across the method when he was interned in France in 1939 and acted as the camp’s “director of building operations.”20 Other examples are even closer to home. The Hirsch system locked the wall panels together by bolting them to a small vertical steel channel section. Gropius sought to eliminate this steel element by housing the fastenings directly in the wooden panel frame. To this end he designed in 1931–32 a most ingenious spring-loaded metal fastener,21 which was, however, not adopted by Hirsch. And then the Christoph and Unmack system, as we have seen, connected the panels by means of metal catches, four on each side, let into the framework of the panels, and had in fact been using metal fasteners (hooks, bolts, clamps) from the earliest days. If attention is drawn to these precedents here, it is not to detract from the very real contribution made by the Packaged House, in both its advanced design of every separate element and the overall consistency of its general conception. Our purpose is rather to show that, inevitably, the Packaged House was a product of its times, the climax to the evolution of prefabrication in previous decades. As such, it grew naturally out of the rich experience that had been garnered by both Gropius and Wachsmann in their separate paths to mastery in the field. The Contributions of Gropius and Wachsmann There is no doubt, from the historical evidence, that the Packaged House was initially the brain child of Konrad Wachsmann. Gropius confirmed this with characteristic generosity, ascribing to Wachsmann a “decisive part in the scheme.”22 However, in saying this, he nevertheless went on to claim that, in the development of the Packaged House, he and Wachsmann had “pooled our experiences.”23 This is literally correct, as in the evenings they mulled together over the principles and the evolving details of the scheme. But it is perhaps also true in a more general, and much more significant, sense. The original Wachsmann proposal, the French scheme, which is the prototype of all subsequent mutations and developments, is the product not only of Wachsmann’s ingenuity but of a whole decade of experience of prefabrication to which Gropius in Germany had given the prime theoretical direction and a great deal of practical impetus. From this point on their individual contributions to the joint endeavor varied in kind and in quantity. Wachsmann’s contribution to its technical development predominated, and most of the drawing-board decisions—those decisions of detail that are critical to architectural projects—were made by him. Gropius of course could contribute significantly here. He had a firm grasp of technical detail, and even though his experience in Germany had been predominantly in metals and lightweight construction, he had built up an extensive experience of building in wood since coming to America.24 But because of the limited time at his disposal his role was more that of critic and sounding board: Wachsmann, working full time, was the essential innovator of detail. Gropius, on the other hand, provided the theoretical framework which gave architectural meaning and a human goal to the technical means: the conceptual framework of his philosophy of unity and variety, flexibility and growth, stability and change, standardization and individual choice. He also gave the Packaged House its first architectural form with a set of drawings showing possible house types generated by the system—a two-family house and a doublestory row house with dwelling units of various sizes.25 Each in his own way responded to the challenges of technology and industrialization. Hence Wachsmann, at the Princeton Conference on Building for Modern Man: The planning of man’s physical environment has to be based on the best use of the available technique, which in turn is based on our knowledge of and our ability to control energy; in other words, on our economy and on our science. Only when it uses such means can a building, in any age, be called modern. Anybody who is able to improve such methods, even in abstract terms, is indeed an artist.26 Gropius, on the same occasion, had this to say: Men will always rebel at attempts at overmechanization which are contrary to life. But industrialization will not stop at the threshold of building. We have no other choice but to accept the challenge of the machine in all fields of production until men finally adapt it fully to serve their biological needs.27 In other words, to Wachsmann the technological imperative was sheer poetry, by which man, in heroic terms, mastered the universe, whereas to Gropius it was an inescapable force, a means to be transmuted by man into serving his human goals. Gropius was in some sense a nineteenth-century figure, a humanist with an ambivalent attitude to the machine, fearing its dehumanizing potential but recognizing it, in Etienne Cabet’s phrase, as “humanity’s emancipator”;28 Wachsmann, of a later generation, was a man of the twentieth century, glorifying in technology and the science which underlay it as a source of light and poetry. Despite these fundamental differences they shared some important values: An intense involvement in people and problems, a quality that Buckminster Fuller defined in them as love. An unassailable optimism and a forward-looking faith, expressed in Wachsmann’s phrase, “The future is everything.” A synthetic vision, always taking the comprehensive view and seeing potentialities for relationships where others saw only boundaries and incompatibilities. In the fateful months between December 1941 and February 1942, within an ideology jointly conceived, Wachsmann produced the superbly drafted folio of drawings, and Gropius provided the logistic support: his home as drafting space and a base for operations; the capital, which provided for Wachsmann’s work and livelihood and the cost of preparing drawings and models; access to legal guidance for making the patent application. Most important of all, Gropius operated within an incomparable network of connections which he had by now established through his formidable international reputation, his high standing at Harvard, and his inherent qualities as a human being of warmth and integrity. Such a network provided access for the Packaged House proposal to sources of influence in the press, the government, the academic world, and even the fringes of high finance.29 They entered the affair as equal partners and cooperated willingly, selflessly. But the stresses under which they operated were great. There were the macrostresses of the troubled world situation: it was not easy to be categorized, even if only in a technical sense, as enemy aliens in wartime America;30 it was not easy, in the tranquillity of New England, to ponder the fate of their friends and family in Germany. And then there were the microstresses: the eternal worry about money, the tensions of an overlong stay as a houseguest, where hospitality, however generous, eventually becomes a burden on the receiver as well as the donor, and frictions caused by personality differences begin to arise. Not only was Ise Gropius by now, much to her husband’s concern, beginning to become restive with the situation, but by the spring of 1942, it was becoming apparent that the future of the Packaged House system lay not in the secluded world of Gropius’ house in Lincoln, nor in the academic ambience of Cambridge, but in the hurly-burly financial world of New York. The hard decision was taken for Wachsmann to leave the drawing studio for New York City. Ise Gropius, whom he greatly admired but with whom, in recent weeks, he had increasingly crossed swords, bade him a hero’s farewell. “Come back to Lincoln,” she said, “either with your shield, or on it.”31 Wachsmann left Gropius, as he had arrived, practically penniless. He still spoke little English and faced considerable hardship in New York. But overcoming difficulties was a way of life with him; he was stimulated to be a free agent again and was optimistic that he would successfully meet all challenges. Great events had taken place in recent months, not only in the studio at Lincoln but also in the public arena, in the world of housing. On 24 February 1942 President Roosevelt “used his war powers to consolidate all Federal housing functions with a new National Housing Agency under a single administrator with full powers.”32 In the same month it was reported that a division of the FWA had allocated $153 million for demountable housing, in a vast program to house defense workers relocated through the decentralization of industry. The program, which aimed at producing 42,000 dwellings, provided a great oppportunity to the prefabrication industry.33 Gropius’ evidence to the Select Committee of Congress had possibly been a factor in this highly favorable development; Wachsmann would have to hurry, however, if the newly invented Packaged House was to be ready in time, to share in this promised windfall.

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In this month’s letter, I would like to present to you some news from our seven priories across the country where twenty-four priests, four brothers and five oblate sisters make up the community of Society of St. Pius X members devoted to the preservation of the Mass, the priesthood and the salvation of souls. Dear Friends and Benefactors, This Summer, we welcome Fr. Lawrence Barrett (whose parents are parishioners in Calgary) to St. Raphael’s Priory in Winnipeg as an extra priest to deal with the far-spread apostolate. Br. Jonathan Mary from Kentucky will be a second brother at Our Lady of Mount Carmel Academy in New Hamburg, Ontario, and Sr. Maria Victoria will join our community at the Prieuré Sainte Famille in Levis, Quebec. This past year, two Canadians took the veil. In Browerville, Minnesota, Miss Lace Korte from Saskatchewan became Sr. Mary Edmund of the Sisters of the Society on Low Sunday; and in Bella Italia, Miss Gessica Arendoque from Wellesley, Ontario took the veil of the Consoling Sisters on the Feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Let us pray for their perseverance, as also for that of our two seminarians, M. Pierre Morin from Quebec who is entering his Subdiaconate year in Switzerland, and Mr. Eric Watt from Edmonton who is entering his third year proper in Virginia. He will be joined there in October by Craig MacFarland from Calgary and Michael Goody from Langley, British Columbia. O Lord, grant us many holy priests! Thanks be to God, I have been able to visit all the priories in Canada this year, and have been able to witness firsthand the devoted work of your priests and of so many of you, faithful Catholics who intend on preserving the pearl of great price, the Catholic Faith. We hope that a bishop may be able to visit soon. Let us pray for this intention. Here at the District House, five priests and three oblate sisters take care of the apostolate of retreats and of the chapels in Saint-Césaire, Montreal, Sherbrooke, Notre-Dame des Bois and Ottawa. As seemingly is the case throughout the world, more and more Catholics are attending the Mass of All Time and having their souls fed with the unchanging Faith and sacraments. While the Government of Quebec seems to have varying rules for the type of activities allowed, the addition of extra Masses and, when necessary, weekday Masses meant that everyone was able to attend Mass or receive the sacraments at least once a fortnight. The priory of St. Joseph’s Centre also takes care of a mission in the Maritime provinces where Fr. Pfluger travels. The particularly draconian position of the provincial authorities there has meant that Father has only been able to visit our faithful there twice so far. Let us also pray for each other during this time when God is asking of us great patience, prudence and above all unswerving faithfulness to the Truth. Yours sincerely in Christ, Fr. David Sherry, District Superior and Prior of Saint-Cesaire, Quebec The Priory of the Holy Family, situated at Levis on the other side of the river across from the City of Quebec, counts three Priests, one Religious Brother and one (soon two) Religious Oblate Sisters and approximately four-hundred faithful, principally including many young families. Many of the faithful moved there because the Priory has a school attached to it, the only Catholic School worthy of the name in Quebec. For more than a year, the Priory's activities have been significantly affected by the sanitary crisis. Mass attendance was reduced and even forbidden at times. Receiving sacraments was difficult. The Militia Immaculata, far from twiddling its thumbs organized several Public Rosaries in front of the Quebec Parliament to protest the disproportionate restrictions and to ask for Heavenly Protection. At times, movie theatres had the permission to have 250 people while churches were limited to 10 people. Priests and lay faithful alike took part in several strong interventions. There were numerous new faces in our chapels in Levis and Shawinigan during the last few months. The faithful were thirsty for sacraments and their Churches were closed. Many have decided to stay after discovering Tradition. During spring, we were celebrating Mass outside on our soccer field so as to be able to celebrate for more people. Volunteers generously erected a "Cathedral in the open air" several Sundays in a row to give the greatest number of faithful access to the Mass. Corpus Christi was a beautiful homage to the Blessed Sacrament with Mass outside in the open air and with a procession to a Roadside Calvary Cross nearby. Thanks to the providence of Our Lady of the Cape, Holy Family School was able to operate somewhat normally during the school year of 2020-2021. Father d'Abbadie, the new principal since August 2020, promised at the beginning of the year to make a pilgrimage to the Shrine of Our Lady of the Cape if classes were not stopped during the year; the pilgrimage took place with students from the upper grades with Father on May 31, 2021. The end of the School Year was marked by a Mass in Thanksgiving celebrated by the District Superior followed by a few skits performed by the different grades and the giving of awards in the nice park of the Priory in the presence of parents. During summer, renovations are being done to maintain the building so as to be able to receive 120 student this fall. (An increase of over 50% compared to last year) Big jobs need to be done in the coming months to put the building and installations in better shape. On July 24, 2021, our traditional pilgrimage to Saint Anne de Beaupre took place. May Good Saint Anne continue protecting the work of Tradition in Quebec! Fr. Joseph Stannus, Prior As everywhere, our priests had to find ingenious tools to adapt to the ever-changing government restrictions related to the Covid-19 pandemic. For instance, online bookings systems have been implemented both for Mass and for confession and communion appointments. Our Mass in Toronto has been livestreamed every day since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, the attendance at daily Mass in Etobicoke increased substantially, especially since the Month of June. We have now between 20 and 50 souls at daily morning Mass. A good number of these new faithful are Polish, who used to go to a diocesan Latin Mass that was recently shut down. In all our chapels, we have had to multiply the number of Sunday Mass, to give more chances to the faithful to attend Mass within the government restrictions. Last fall and during the winter, we had up to five Masses in Toronto, three in Orillia and two in St. Catharine’s. However, the multiplication of Mass was not enough to answer all the requests in Toronto, because of harsh government restrictions. The need of larger facilities was urgent. Meanwhile, the good Lord answered our prayers, granting access to a large church with an occupancy of one thousand people, the “cathedral of the Transfiguration” in Markham. We have been renting this privately-owned church since mid-June. There is much local history about this impressive edifice in Markham, a suburb north of Toronto. While under construction, it was blessed by Pope John Paul II during his cross-Canada tour of September 1984. Canadian mining magnate Stephen Roman of Denison Mines built it on his own land and with his own money for the Slovak Byzantine Eparchy. After the death of Mr. Roman, there was a dispute over the ownership of that building, and the cathedral remained empty for nearly ten years. Built according to the Byzantine style, it is decorated with beautiful mosaics, the most impressive being a representation of the Mother of God, Theotokos, in the sanctuary. So, every Sunday, after celebrating two morning Mass in our church of Etobicoke, one of our priests goes up to Markham, to celebrate Mass at 5:00pm for a crowd of 175 faithful. On August 15, which will fall on a Sunday, we are planning a solemn high Mas and a Marian procession at the cathedral of the Transfiguration. Our Toronto/Markham parish gathers now well over 300 faithful. The attendance at Canadian Martyrs church in Orillia more than doubled since the beginning of the Covid restrictions. Our little church is way too small to accommodate the 140 faithful who want to come to Mass. For the time being, weather permitting, we have Mass outside every Sunday. St. Catharines also experienced a growth since Covid. About 100 faithful come every Sunday. Because of the increase in Orillia, we had to move the Sudbury Mass to the weekdays. Fr. Dominique Boulet, Prior New Hamburg, Ontario The Year of Our Lord 2021 was hardly underway when the stampede of returning students brought life into the halls of academe once more. A number of brave international students spent Christmas in Canada to ensure that their studies were uninterrupted, demonstrating the unstoppable resolve of our staff and students to pursue a sound Catholic formation. The arrival on January 12th of our long-awaited third priest, Fr. Michel Rion from beautiful Switzerland, heightened spirits even more. However, these joys were soon accompanied by heavy crosses. A young student, Moses Arendoque, passed away suddenly on the Feast of St. Joseph, having received Holy Communion and the Last Rites. The district superior presided over the Requiem Mass, absolution and burial. Then, on April 15th, God called Mr. Dominique Rion, father of our Swiss priest, to his eternal reward. May God grant them eternal rest. In Holy Week, the ceremonies of the Sacred Triduum were celebrated at two locations in New Hamburg to allow as many Catholics as possible to attend. The forces of law and order, sent by modern pharisees to interrupt the Pascal Vigil at St. Peter’s Church deemed unsafe, were as successful as the original guards at the Lord’s sepulchre in disrupting the joy of Easter, which was embellished that night by William Byrd’s celestial Mass for Three Voices. On the Feast of the Ascension, the boys of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Academy proudly proclaimed their Faith in God and their devotion to His Blessed Mother by travelling to the nation’s capital to carry Our Lady’s statue and to sing the rosary publicly on Parliament Hill in reparation for the terrible public crimes committed in this land. For the second year running, the parish held the XL Hours’ Devotion, concluding this year on Corpus Christi. Our prayers to end the unjust prohibition on attending Mass publicly were answered scarcely a week later on June 11th, Feast of the Sacred Heart, and the following Sunday our parishioners and boys gathered on the Academy grounds for the first public sung Mass in months. On this day eleven boys and girls approached the communion rail for the first time to receive the Bread of Angels. Later in the afternoon, a stalwart parish soccer team challenged the Academy students, who nevertheless emerged victorious after an intense conflict. A few days later under azure skies, six young men of character graduated with honours from our Academy, marking the conclusion of the 13th academic year at OLMC, successfully completed against all odds thanks to Our Lady’s maternal protection. Fr. Marcel Stannus, Prior Given that the actual Priory in Winnipeg has had many restrictions of varying degrees, from complete lockdown to about 40 faithful at a Mass, it has been a quiet year yet busy from the necessity of having 3 Masses on Sunday, and keeping in contact with many of the faithful to arrange appointments for Confession and Communion on Sundays after Mass or during the weekdays. There has not been a "normal" Sunday at the priory since March 2020. The quiet year has neverthless witnessed two weddings in Winnipeg. The first in early February, under the restriction of only 10 people allowed. Magdalen Hammerling and Anthony Fetsch exchanged their vows at Our Lady of the Rosary church. The second wedding of Rosalyn Procca and Jonah Bobay also took place at Our Lady of the Rosary in Winnipeg, on May 22nd amid the same restrictions At the end of May, Anne Fetsch with the help of her parents, brothers and sisters organized a Pilgrimage near Saskatoon, SK on May 29. Fr. Gerspacher accompanied the 30 pilgrims for a 16.5 km walk to the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows, at Cudworth, SK. We were also accompanied by a strong wind which moved us along at a brisk pace while chanting the Rosary and hymns and prayers, with a break every 4 kms. The intention was to do the Stations of the Cross at the Shrine as this is the only thing remaining the church having just been demolished as unsafe. The priests of the priory are finding more to do in the Missions of either Ontario or Saskatchewan, where the Covid restrictions have been less onerous and we are able to have something close to normal in sung Masses and gatherings. In Dryden, ON which is visited twice a month, we were happy to receive a recent convert, preparing for marriage, having received Baptism and Confirmation from Fr. Gerspacher. Fr. Loren Gerspacher, Prior The SSPX takes care of nearly 1000 souls in Alberta. As with the rest of the world, the global crisis ensured that there was never a dull moment as we provided for those entrusted to us. Alberta, being a conservative Province, did a bit better for most of the year, but in spring of 2021, the province was forced into a very severe lockdown and the Queens Court signed an injunction authorizing the arrest of any leader—civil or religious, who defied these draconian measures. Religious services around the province went underground and Alberta became world famous as the jurisdiction which arrested more pastors than any other place in the “Free World”. The Situation was such that U.S. Senator Hawley called on the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom to consider adding Canada to a watch list for violating basic human rights. These measures made pastoral work very challenging, but by God’s grace all who wanted the Sacraments were able to receive them regularly. In fact, during this time- as everywhere in the world—many souls of goodwill found the treasure of Tradition. A great help in making the treasure of Tradition available to souls was the purchase of a new Chapel in Gibbons near Edmonton. This small mission which has been in existence for nearly 30 years was in its death throes since we did not own a building and were at the mercy of rented locations and associated restrictions. We bought a chapel which seats nearly 90 people, and the community has grown steadily since the purchase. The Society now provides Mass two weekends a month, and we pray that God sends more laborers into his vineyard so that we may service these souls more frequently. On June 23, we had the joy of celebrating with Fr. Herkel and Fr. May their priestly anniversaries. Ordained on the same day five years apart, Fr. Herkel celebrated his 20th and Fr. May his 15th year as a priest. Now stationed in Denver Colorado, Fr. May is originally from Rocky Mountain House, which is the very mission serviced by Father Herkel, who is now stationed in Calgary. Provincial restrictions were sufficiently lifted by June 23 that we offered a Solemn High Mass and celebrated in their honor with an outdoor parish “festival” attended by 150 people. We were also honored with the presence of Father Gerspacher, who was the deacon at the anniversary Mass. We pray for many more Canadian vocations. In order to foster vocations, we will continue to support Our Lady help of Christian’s Educational Institute, which facilitates the education of our children from kindergarten through the 9th Grade. Father Gaydosh taught religion and History and offered Mass and heard confessions twice a week last year. This arrangement will continue as the Institute begins its third year of providing a good Catholic education to the children of our parish. Fr. Steven Reuter, Prior Langley, British Columbia The year 2021 has been a challenging one for our Apostolate in British Columbia, which continues to grow as people are attracted to the stability of the Society and the solidity of Truth within Tradition. Our activity in the past months has been centred delivering the Mass and Sacraments to our faithful without interruption and at the same time continuing a minimum of community life in the context of Covid-19. In November 2020 all religious services were forbidden by the BC government. Fortunately, priests were still allowed to visit homes and “offer religious services to the occupants”, so this left a door open for us. Another opening was that people could pray privately in church. We worked within the illegal decrees using a broad interpretation of their meaning. Our most dedicated faithful wanted the Mass and Sacraments at any cost. This met with surveillance, not mainly from the police but from ordinary people who were advised on the government website how they could report illegal religious services. So Fr. Guéguen in Nanaimo and Fr. Rusak in Langley were approached by police officers while Fr. DeLallo in Vernon was interrogated by a Bylaw officer over the phone. At Easter we were allowed the first outdoor Masses with 50 persons. In Langley, we also purchased some tents which our good Faithful equipped even with eaves troughs to protect from rain as we expected the outdoor Mass scenario to last a while. To prevent too many onlookers these Masses were held in the parking lot behind the church. A fence with a privacy screen was put up, and we engaged in a Plant to Protect program, planting some cedars to obstruct the view of over-curious onlookers. Gates to the property were also locked during Masses. Helicopters and planes above were also the order of the day. Lastly a drone followed one of our ushers from the church gate to Mass tents and hover there for a minute. We contacted the police and advised them of this since we live near an airport in a no drone fly zone. The drone did not return. Finally, by June we were allowed to return to limited indoor Masses and the surveillance seems to have lessened. We look forward to a more normal apostolate until the next wave of Covid-19 or worldwide pandemic. Fr. Gerard Rusak, Prior. How to Make a Donation This letter has given you a glimpse of the Activities of the Society of St. Pius X in Canada. Generous donations made these activities possible. The Society of St. Pius exists solely through the support of its faithful and benefactors. Our Apostolate depends on your generosity. Your donations enable the Society of St. Pius X to pursue its goals: - the formation and sanctification of priests and religious - the handing down of the Faith in its integrity - the safeguarding of the Traditional Latin Mass - the defense of Christian values in this apostate world - the sanctification of families and individuals - the education in the faith in our parishes and schools Please make a generous donation today! May God bless you a hundredfold! Donations can be made: 1) By cheque Please make your cheque out to: The Society of St. Pius X Please mail your cheque to: St. Joseph Centre 1395 rue Notre-Dame St-Cesaire, QC, J0L 1T0 You can also make an individual or monthly donation easily online by debit card or paypal on our website: There is also further information on the website as to how you could give in other ways. N.B.: tax receipts cannot be issued for donations made abroad.

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- A Light & Lean Version of Classic Italian Comfort Food (Ready in Half the Time!) - Chicken Bolognese Recipe Highlights - Back to Basics – What is Bolognese? - Key Ingredients - How to Make Chicken Bolognese Sauce - Serving with Pasta – Chicken Bolognese Bucatini - Tips, Tricks, & Alternate Cooking Methods A Light & Lean Version of Classic Italian Comfort Food (Ready in Half the Time!) It’s no secret that we’re pretty obsessed with bolognese here at PWWB. As one of the first things I learned how to cook back in my restaurant days, pasta bolognese is one of my all-time favorite meals. Over the years, we’ve shared a number of bolognese recipes, from my tried & true Best-Ever Bolognese to ultra-cozy Gnocchi Bolognese. As much as I love these indulgent & comforting dishes, I also really appreciate a lightened-up version from time to time. This Ground Chicken Bolognese recipe is just that! A quick adaptation of my longtime favorite Turkey Bolognese, this lightened-up chicken bolognese sauce creates the signature richness of classic bolognese using leaner protein. Ground chicken simmers with sweet San Marzano tomatoes, aromatic veggies & herbs, white wine, & an umami-rich parmesan rind, resulting in a hearty sauce with restaurant-worthy flavor. It’s as satisfying as traditional bolognese made with beef & pork, just a little leaner! As an added bonus, making bolognese sauce with chicken also drastically reduces the amount of time the sauce needs to cook. While a classic bolognese sauce requires hours of low, slow cooking, this easy chicken bolognese sauce is ready in 1 hour or less – perfect for when you’re craving something cozy during the week. Quickly simmer the sauce, toss with bucatini or pappardelle, & serve – easy! Chicken Bolognese Recipe Highlights You’ll love this ground chicken bolognese recipe! It’s… A LIGHTENED-UP CLASSIC. This feel-good recipe creates all the rich & hearty flavor of traditional Italian bolognese using leaner ground chicken. Truly the best of both worlds! RESTAURANT-WORTHY. Inspired by my days working at an Italian restaurant, this ground chicken bolognese sauce is absolutely loaded with flavor thanks to ingredients like sweet San Marzano tomatoes, bright white wine, plenty of aromatics & herbs, & umami-rich parmesan rind. PURE COMFORT. Toss chicken bolognese sauce with bucatini, or whatever pasta you love most, for the ultimate comfort food dinner at home! Nothing not to love about it! ♡ Read on to learn more about how to make Ground Chicken Bolognese, or jump straight to the recipe & get cooking! Back to Basics – What is Bolognese? Originating in Bologna, the largest city of Northern Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, bolognese is a type of Italian ragu sauce typically prepared with beef & pork, white wine, milk, & a little tomato. I’ve always considered bolognese to be the ultimate comfort food meal, especially because traditional recipes require hours of simmering to coax out as much flavor & richness as possible. In fact, chances are if you came to join us for dinner here at the PWWB House, it’s exactly what’ I’d serve you! Learn more! ⇢ PWWB’s Best-Ever Bolognese. This particular recipe gives traditional bolognese a lightened-up twist, replacing beef & pork with ground chicken. It’s perfect when you’re craving comfort food but want something a little lighter! Don’t let its leanness fool you, though – it’s still incredibly rich & hearty. A few secrets, like choosing at least 93% lean ground chicken, browning the veggies well, & loading up on aromatics like garlic & fresh herbs, make it possible to easily create a lightened-up chicken bolognese sauce with great depth of flavor. As far as serving goes, bolognese is best when it’s tossed into pasta! Italians love a wide, flat noodle like pappardelle or tagliatelle. Here in the U.S., you’ll often see bolognese served with spaghetti. I’m partial to chicken bolognese bucatini (pictured), a long, hollow noodle with the best chewy texture. One of the things I love most about Italian dishes like bolognese is that they’re all taking simple, humble ingredients & making something extraordinary with them. This chicken bolognese does exactly that, coaxing an amazing amount of flavor out of just a handful of staple Italian ingredients. Note: Full ingredients list & measurements provided in the Recipe Card, below. - Ground chicken – For maximum richness, be sure to use at least 93% lean ground chicken. 85% lean is even better, if you can find it! Using less lean poultry helps the meat mimic richer ground beef & pork traditionally used for bolognese. If you can only find ground turkey, feel free to use it in place of chicken! - Soffritto – This Italian holy trinity – a trusty mixture of carrots, celery, & onion cooked down in olive oil – is the base of flavor for the entire chicken bolognese sauce! While you can blitz the veggies in your food processor for quickness & ease, I always like to chop them by hand for a chunkier, more rustic pasta sauce. - Aromatics – A generous amount of garlic & fresh herbs like rosemary & thyme infuse big flavor into the chicken bolognese, while bay leaves & a parmesan rind richen the sauce. These are the flavor boosters that make a leaner chicken bolognese taste completely restaurant-worthy! - Tomatoes – The concentrated flavor of tomato paste gives the sauce richness, while whole-peeled tomatoes give the sauce body. Bright & sweet San Marzano tomatoes are always a fantastic choice for pasta sauce. - White wine – I typically cook with Pinot Grigio but any dry, unoaked white wine works well for chicken bolognese. Sauvignon Blanc & unoaked Chardonnay also work beautifully! - Finishing touches – A splash of half & half or heavy cream & a good amount of grated parmesan cheese bring the ground chicken bolognese sauce together. How to Make Chicken Bolognese Sauce Two other essential elements of a restaurant-worthy bolognese sauce are heat & time. Slowly building the sauce creates amazing depth of flavor, & this really can’t be rushed. That being said, one big perk of this easy chicken bolognese recipe is it comes together a lot more quickly than a traditional bolognese sauce made with beef or pork. Chicken is a much leaner protein & cooking it too long dries it out. Instead, this recipe leans on flavor-boosting ingredients & a few simple tricks to develop a ton of flavor despite the its quick 20-minute simmer. Full Recipe Directions, including step-by-step photos, are included in the Recipe Card, below. Brown the soffritto & ground chicken. Take your time browning the carrots, celery, & onion super well until they are nearly caramelized – this takes a solid 20-25 minutes & can’t be rushed! From there, add the ground chicken & let everything cook together. Why? ⇢ A nearly caramelized soffritto is a sign of next-level richness since deep browning is a result of the magical flavor-boosting process known as the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction does more than just change the appearance of the veggies & ground chicken – it also gives them deeper, richer flavor. This entire first step is all about developing a rich base of flavor that carries through the entire sauce. It takes a little bit of time, but the payoff is worth it – especially for a leaner chicken bolognese sauce! Add aromatics & deglaze the pan. Stir in a generous amount of garlic & tomato paste, cooking until fragrant & deeply browned, then deglaze the pan with a little white wine. Why? ⇢ As the wine hits the hot surface, it creates steam, which releases the browned bits from the bottom of the pan. These bits are known as fond & they’re FULL of the deep flavor developed up through this point! Use a wooden spoon to scrape up the fond as the wine simmers to pull its richness back into the chicken bolognese sauce. Build & simmer the chicken bolognese sauce. Add San Marzano tomatoes, fresh rosemary & thyme, bay leaves, chicken stock, & a parmesan rind to the pot. Bring everything to a simmer & cook, partially covered, for 15-20 minutes until the sauce thickens slightly. Finishing touches! ⇢ Once simmered, stir in a little half and half or heavy cream & grated parmesan cheese to round out all the flavors. At this point, all that’s left is to toss the chicken bolognese sauce with pasta! Serving with Pasta – Chicken Bolognese Bucatini Once the ground chicken bolognese sauce is simmered, all that’s left to do is toss it into some al dente pasta. Pretty simple! Best pasta for chicken bolognese sauce? ⇢ Feel free to use whatever pasta you love most, remembering that hearty sauces are best paired with equally hearty pasta. In Italy, ragu is often served with flat, wide pasta like pappardelle or tagliatelle. In the U.S., it’s a little more common to find spaghetti bolognese. Here at the PWWB House, I love serving chicken bolognese with bucatini (pictured), a type of hollow spaghetti with beautifully chewy texture. If you prefer shorter pasta, rigatoni is a great option. Full Recipe Directions, including step-by-step photos, are included in the Recipe Card, below. *Remember! ⇢ The secret to making a restaurant-worthy pasta bolognese at home is allowing the sauce to quickly finish with the pasta. This is essential! It allows the two separate components to meld into one cohesive dish, just like your favorite Italian restaurant. Learn more! ⇢ How to Cook Pasta Perfectly Every Single Time! Cook the pasta. Boil a large pot of salted water & add the bucatini or other pasta of choice, cooking until al dente (check the package instructions for timing!). Reserve 1 cup of the starchy pasta water then carefully drain the pasta. Do not rinse it! Why? ⇢ Rinsing removes the starches from the surface of the pasta, which prevents the chicken bolognese sauce & bucatini from marrying together. Toss! Add the cooked pasta into the pot with the ground chicken bolognese sauce, tossing to combine well. Use your judgment & adjust as needed: a splash of the reserved pasta water helps loosen up the pasta bolognese & a handful of extra parmesan tightens it up a bit. Simmer & serve. Let the chicken bolognese bucatini simmer for 1-2 minutes. Why? ⇢ A quick simmer allows the pasta to absorb some of the chicken bolognese sauce as it finishes cooking – the secret to creating a restaurant-worthy pasta dish at home! Tips, Tricks, & Alternate Cooking Methods Slow Cooker Chicken Bolognese Feel free to make this ground chicken bolognese recipe in your Crock Pot or Slow Cooker for even easier, hands-off prep. If your slow cooker has a browning feature, you can build the entire sauce in the pot. Otherwise, you’ll still want to brown the soffritto & ground chicken on the stovetop for ultimate richness. When dinner rolls around, simply boil the bucatini & toss it into the slow cooker with the chicken bolognese sauce – easy! See the Recipe Notes, below, for more guidance. Make-Ahead Chicken Bolognese One of my favorite things about bolognese sauce is its flavors only get better with time. It’s one reason we love making this chicken bolognese recipe in advance! To do so, make the sauce & let it cool completely before storing it in the fridge. At dinnertime, simply reheat the chicken bolognese on the stovetop & toss in the cooked pasta – easy! Find full make-ahead instructions in the Recipe Notes, below! Storage & Freezing Tips Hearty bolognese sauce is incredibly freezer-friendly! We love keeping ground chicken bolognese in the freezer as an easy weeknight meal option down the line. Once you prepare the sauce, let it cool completely & transfer it to a freezer container. You can keep it in your freezer for up to 3 months! Then simply thaw it overnight in the fridge & reheat it on the stovetop before tossing it with your pasta. Check out the Recipe Notes, below, for full freezing, thawing, & reheating instructions. I can’t wait for you to try this Chicken Bolognese recipe! You will love how this sauce is lightened up, but still as rich, hearty, & flavor-forward as a more classic bolognese. It truly has the best of everything! If you do give it a try, be sure to let us know! Leave a comment with a star rating below. You can also snap a photo & tag @playswellwithbutter on Instagram. We LOVE seeing your PWWB creations! ♡ Happy cooking! More Recipes Like This: Classic Italian Recipes I fell in love with pasta bolognese during my time working in a fine dining Italian restaurant in the heart of downtown Milwaukee. After much begging, the restaurant’s chef taught me how to make it myself at home. The only problem? I didn’t always have time for the hours-long simmer required to properly cook a classic bolognese sauce. My solution? Create an equally delicious sauce using a leaner protein! A quick adaptation of my popular Turkey Bolognese, this Chicken Bolognese recipe pairs ground chicken with fragrant aromatics & streamlined cooking to create restaurant-worthy richness despite the leaner protein & shorter simmer. It comes together relatively quickly & packs a huge punch of cozy flavor! Once it’s beautifully simmered, all that’s left to do is marry the bolognese sauce with pasta. While tagliatelle or spaghetti might be most traditional, I highly recommend trying bucatini, a tubular spaghetti with the best hearty texture. Finish with some grated parm & a generous sprinkling of finely chopped fresh herbs, & it’s the ultimate comfort food meal. ♡ Happy cooking! - 1 ½ pounds 93% lean ground chicken - 2 medium carrots, diced - 1 stalk celery, diced - 1 medium yellow onion, diced - 6 cloves garlic, finely chopped or grated - one 28-ounce can whole peeled San Marzano tomatoes - 2 tablespoons olive oil - ¼ cup tomato paste - 1 cup dry, unoaked white wine, such as Pinot Grigio - 2 sprigs fresh rosemary - 8–10 sprigs fresh thyme - 2 dried bay leaves - optional: 1 parmesan rind - ½ cup chicken broth/stock or water - ½ cup half & half - ½ cup grated parmesan or pecorino romano - 16 ounces bucatini or pasta of choice - kosher salt & ground black pepper, to season - for serving, as desired: grated parmesan or pecorino romano, finely chopped fresh parsley or fresh basil leaves, crushed red pepper flakes, etc. - Prep: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Prep the veggies, dicing the carrot, celery, & onion, & finely chopping the garlic. To roughly chop the San Marzano tomatoes, transfer them & their juices to a food processor & pulse until they’re as smooth or chunky as you like; you can also crush the tomatoes by hand if you prefer. Gather & measure remaining ingredients according to Ingredients List, above, placing them within an arm’s reach of the stovetop for a smooth cooking process. - Brown the soffritto: Add the olive oil to a Dutch oven (or large, heavy-bottomed pot with lid) over medium-high heat. Once the oil is hot & shimmering, add the carrots, celery, & onion. Season with 1 teaspoon kosher salt, and stir to combine. Cook, stirring occasionally, until deeply browned & fragrant, 15-20 minutes. If the veggies begin to brown too quickly, reduce the heat to medium or medium-low. Once browned, push the soffritto mixture to the outer edges of the pot. - Brown the chicken: Add the ground chicken to the center of the pot, such that it’s surrounded by the soffritto mixture, & season with 1 teaspoon kosher salt. Reduce heat to medium. Let the chicken brown 2-3 minutes without touching it, then turn it over & brown the second side 2-3 minutes before using a wooden spoon to break it apart into bite-sized pieces. Stir to combine with the soffritto mixture. - Build the chicken bolognese sauce: Add the garlic & tomato paste to the Dutch oven, stirring to coat the ground chicken soffritto mixture. Cook 2-3 minutes, until browned & fragrant, then build the bolognese sauce. Deglaze the pan by slowly pouring in the white wine, using a wooden spoon to scrape up any browned bits that may have formed on the bottom of the pan. Once the wine is almost completely cooked off, add in the chopped San Marzano tomatoes & their juices, fresh rosemary & thyme, bay leaves, parmesan rind (if using), & chicken stock or water. Stir to combine. Bring the bolognese to a boil, then reduce heat to medium-low. Partially cover the pot (place the lid on the pot such that it’s just partially covered, allowing some steam to escape as the sauce simmers) & simmer, stirring occasionally, for 15-20 minutes, until thickened. - Cook the pasta: Meanwhile, as the chicken bolognese sauce simmers, cook the pasta. Add the pasta to the boiling salted water from Step 1. Cook to al dente according to package instructions, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking. Once cooked, carefully dip a liquid measuring cup into the pot to reserve about 1 cup of the starchy pasta water, & set aside. Carefully drain the pasta. (Learn more! ⇢ How to Cook Pasta Perfectly Every Single Time!) - Finish the chicken pasta bolognese: Remove the lid from the pot with the bolognese sauce, increasing heat to medium-high to maintain a steady simmer. Stir the half & half and grated parmesan into the bolognese. Cook 1-2 minutes, allowing everything to meld together. Add the pasta straight into the pot, tossing to coat it in the chicken bolognese. From here, adjust as needed so the chicken bolognese sauce evenly coats the pasta – if the mixture is too thick, toss in a little of the reserved pasta water; if the mixture is too loose, toss in an extra handful of parmesan cheese, etc. Cook over medium heat for 1-2 minutes, allowing the pasta to meld with & absorb some of the sauce. - Serve immediately, topped with additional grated parmesan, chopped basil or parsley, &/or a sprinkling of crushed red pepper, as desired. Enjoy! - Jess’ Notes & Tips: - Ground chicken: I can’t emphasize the importance in using the right chicken mince for this chicken bolognese recipe! To result in the rich flavor & succulent texture that makes bolognese so craveworthy, the chicken needs a decent fat content. Look for at least 93% lean ground chicken, though if you can find 85-90%, that’s even better! If you’re purchasing from your grocery store’s butcher counter, ask for ground chicken thighs or dark meat. Please avoid using ground chicken breasts or ground chicken that’s more than 93% lean (e.g. 98% lean ground chicken breast) – if that’s all you can find, the best substitute is 93% lean ground turkey. - Meal Prep: Nearly all of the active prep work for this chicken bolognese recipe comes from prepping the veggies. Take care of this in advance – it takes 10 minutes, tops! – & you can jump straight in to cooking during the week: dice 2 carrots, 1 stalk of celery, & 1 medium yellow onion. Transfer to an airtight container & store in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. (10 minutes active) - Make-Ahead, Storage, & Freezing: - Pasta Bolognese Storage & Reheating: Leftover pasta bolognese will keep, stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator, for up to 5 days. Reheat leftovers in the microwave or on the stovetop until warmed through, adding a splash of stock or water as needed to loosen up the chicken bolognese sauce to your desired texture. - Make-Ahead Chicken Bolognese Sauce Storage & Reheating: Chicken bolognese sauce is a great make-ahead recipe because it stores so well – it’s one of those things that gets even better as it sits & its flavors meld together! To store, prepare according to Steps 2-4 of Recipe Directions, above. Once cooled, transfer to an airtight container & store in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. Reheat bolognese sauce on the stovetop. Once simmering, finish according to Steps 5-7 of Recipe Directions, above. - Chicken Bolognese Sauce Freezer Instructions: The chicken bolognese sauce is also incredibly freezer-friendly. To freeze, prepare according to Steps 2-4 of Recipe Directions, above. Once cooled, transfer to a freezer container or divide between multiple freezer containers for smaller portions – Souper Cubes are my absolute favorite freezer containers! Freeze for up to 3 months. To thaw, place the frozen chicken bolognese sauce in the refrigerator overnight or submerge the freezer container in room temperature water for a quicker thaw. Easily reheat on the stovetop. Once simmering, finish according to Steps 5-7 of Recipe Directions, above. - Alternate Cooking Methods: - Slow Cooker Chicken Bolognese: Prep the bolognese sauce according to Steps 2-3, then add garlic & tomato paste, & deglaze according to Step 4 of Recipe Directions, above. Transfer the chicken bolognese meat & soffritto mixture to the slow cooker, along with the fresh aromatics, tomatoes, & broth as directed in Step 4. Slow cook on high for 2 hours or on low for 4 hours, stirring occasionally. At dinnertime, cook the pasta & finish the pasta bolognese as directed in Steps 6-7; you can do this right in your slow cooker. If your Crockpot or slow cooker has a searing/browning feature, you can use it to cook the entire chicken bolognese sauce recipe (Steps 2-4, 6) in the slow cooker. Recipe and Food Styling by Jess Larson, Plays Well With Butter | Photography by Rachel Cook, Half Acre House.

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Looking for a healthier alternative to fried chicken wings? In this article, we will explore the benefits of baking chicken wings instead of frying them. From health benefits to easier clean-up, we will cover it all. We will also discuss the different types of chicken wings to use and how to prepare them for baking. Plus, we will provide tips on the perfect temperature and time to bake your wings for a crispy finish. Stay tuned for serving suggestions that will elevate your baked chicken wings to the next level! Why Bake Chicken Wings Instead of Frying? Credits: Poormet.Com – Sean Hernandez Baking chicken wings instead of frying offers numerous health benefits and results in a crispy texture that is equally satisfying. When you opt for oven-baked wings, you are reducing the consumption of excess oil that comes with deep frying, making it a healthier choice overall. 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It’s a simple yet effective way to enjoy a flavorful meal while keeping an eye on nutrition facts. Baking chicken wings not only offers a healthier cooking method but also simplifies clean-up, making it an excellent choice for hassle-free meal preparation. Elevating your chicken wings to a party style favorite, oven baking ensures a crispy outer layer without the need for deep-frying, reducing the associated splatters and oil spills. Using a wire rack during baking allows air to circulate around the wings evenly, promoting that sought-after crunch while simultaneously draining excess fat. What Type of Chicken Wings to Use? Credits: Poormet.Com – Donald Green Choosing the right type of chicken wings, whether whole or cut, can impact the cooking process and overall presentation of the dish. When opting for whole wings, you have the choice of keeping them intact or separating them into wingettes and drummettes. Whole wings generally require longer cooking times and can result in a crispier texture due to the skin being intact over the entire wing. On the other hand, if you go for cut wings, such as wingettes and drummettes, they cook faster and have a more manageable size for snacking or serving. Understanding the differences between whole wings and cut wings ensures that you tailor your cooking method to achieve the desired outcome. Fresh vs Frozen When deciding between fresh and frozen chicken wings, consider the impact on seasoning absorption and overall taste to ensure a flavorful outcome. Choosing fresh chicken wings over frozen can significantly enhance the flavor profile of your dish. Fresh wings have a distinct advantage as they readily absorb seasoning blends and aromatics, resulting in a more pronounced taste. On the other hand, frozen wings may need additional time for thawing and marinating to achieve similar flavor intensity. For superior crispiness, using a baking powder coating is a great technique for fresh wings. The powder helps dehydrate the skin, promoting a deliciously crispy texture when baked. When using frozen wings, ensure they are fully defrosted and dry before seasoning to avoid excess moisture in the cooking process. Whole Wings vs Cut Wings Understanding the differences between whole wings and cut wings, including wingettes and drummettes, allows for tailored cooking methods based on personal preferences and recipe requirements. Whole wings, often referred to as separate wings, offer the advantage of being more versatile for various cooking techniques. Whether you prefer them baked, grilled, or deep-fried, whole wings provide a larger canvas for seasoning and marinades to infuse flavor. On the other hand, cut wings, with their distinct wingettes and drummettes, lend themselves well to quick cooking methods such as buffalo wings or Asian-style sticky wings. The smaller pieces cook faster, making them ideal for recipes that require shorter cooking times. How to Prepare Chicken Wings for Baking? Properly preparing chicken wings for baking involves selecting the right seasonings, ensuring even coating, and allowing time for marination to enhance flavor profiles. To start, consider creating a dry rub with a combination of garlic powder, salt, pepper, and any other desired spices. Rub the mixture generously onto the wings, making sure each piece is evenly coated. For added convenience, you can also opt for a pre-made seasoning mix tailored to your preferences. After seasoning, place the wings in a resealable bag or container and allow them to refrigerate for at least 1-2 hours or ideally overnight to let the flavors permeate the meat. This marination process truly elevates the taste and tenderness of the wings, resulting in a delicious final dish.” Thawing Frozen Wings Thawing frozen chicken wings properly is crucial for achieving optimal seasoning absorption and ensuring even cooking throughout the meat. In terms of preparing frozen wings, giving them the time they need to thaw is a small step that makes a big difference. By allowing the wings to thaw evenly, you provide an equal cooking foundation that prevents undercooked spots, resulting in a juicy and tender bite every time. Thoroughly thawed wings also open up a world of flavor possibilities; the seasonings you add get a chance to mingle and meld with the meat. For those seeking the perfect balance of crispiness and tenderness, a crucial stage in the process is applying the desired sauce options or seasonings when the wings are at room temperature. This allows the flavors to seep into the meat and form a harmonious union that will surely delight your taste buds. The refrigeration of seasoned wings prior to baking not only enhances the flavor fusion but also aids in achieving that appealing golden-brown crispy exterior that is often sought after. Trimming Excess Fat Trimming excess fat from chicken wings not only promotes a healthier dish but also allows for better seasoning adherence and crispy texture upon baking. This simple step of trimming fat also helps in reducing smoke and potential splattering during cooking, making for a less messy kitchen experience. With less fat dripping off the wings, you can achieve a more even cook, ensuring that each wing is perfectly done. After trimming, consider marinating the wings in your favorite homemade spice blend for a few hours or overnight. This allows the flavors to penetrate the meat, creating a more delicious end result. Serve warm with a side of dipping sauce or alongside a fresh salad for a well-rounded meal. Exploring different seasoning options for chicken wings allows for versatile flavor profiles, ranging from mild to spicy, to suit diverse taste preferences. When aiming for the perfect chicken wing, achieving that crispy skin is key. Preheat the oven to 400 degrees F to ensure even cooking and a crispy exterior. The choice of spices is where the magic truly happens – from classic garlic powder and onion powder for a milder taste to cayenne pepper and chili flakes for a fiery kick. Experimenting with a variety of rubs, marinades, and sauces can elevate your wing game to new heights, tantalizing taste buds with each bite. What Temperature and Time to Bake Chicken Wings? Achieving the perfect balance of temperature and cooking time is essential for creating crispy chicken wings with a delectable texture. When preparing chicken wings, preheat the oven to 400 degrees F to ensure a proper cooking environment. Seasoning the wings generously with a blend of spices such as paprika, garlic powder, and salt enhances the flavor profile. To promote even cooking, arrange the wings in a single layer on a baking tray, making sure to leave space between each piece for optimal circulation of heat. Preheating the Oven Preheating the oven to the recommended temperature is crucial for achieving a crispy coating and even cooking of chicken wings. When you preheat your oven, it allows the chicken wings to start cooking immediately upon placement, sealing in the juices and ensuring a moist interior. The high initial heat gives a quick boost to the Maillard reaction, leading to that desirable golden-brown exterior. Placing the seasoned wings on a wire rack or a cooling rack on a tray optimizes airflow around the wings, resulting in a more uniform cook and a deliciously crunchy texture. These racks elevate the wings, allowing heat to circulate underneath, preventing sogginess on the bottom. The proper combination of heat and air circulation is the key to achieving perfectly cooked, seasoned chicken wings that are crispy on the outside and juicy on the inside. Cooking Time for Whole Wings Determining the appropriate cooking time for whole chicken wings ensures that they are thoroughly cooked while maintaining a flavorful seasoning blend. To achieve perfectly cooked whole chicken wings, preheat the oven to 400 degrees F. Use a wire rack on a baking sheet to ensure even heat distribution, placing the seasoned wings on the rack for optimal crispiness. Cook the wings for approximately 45-50 minutes, turning them halfway through for uniform cooking. For a crispy exterior, broil the wings for an additional 2-3 minutes. As the wings cook, prepare a tasty side dish like a refreshing vegetable dip to complement the flavors. Serve the wings hot, garnished with fresh herbs, alongside the dip for a delightful meal. Cooking Time for Cut Wings Adjusting the cooking time for cut chicken wings, such as drumettes, ensures they are crispy and flavorful, showcasing the homemade rub used in the recipe. To achieve perfectly crispy baked wings, it is crucial to preheat your oven to 400 degrees F. Spread the seasoned drumettes on a tray lined with parchment paper or foil for easy cleanup. Cooking time varies depending on the size of the wings; smaller pieces may take around 30-35 minutes, while larger ones might need 40-45 minutes. Remember to flip the wings halfway through for even cooking and browning. The homemade rub not only adds depth of flavor but also helps create that irresistible golden crispiness on the outside. How to Tell When Chicken Wings are Done? Credits: Poormet.Com – Benjamin Moore Identifying the readiness of chicken wings involves assessing their crispy texture, internal temperature, and flavor infusion from seasonings, ensuring a delectable outcome. When checking for doneness, ensure that the wings are golden brown and crispy on the outside, signifying a satisfying crunch. The meat should be opaque and juicy, indicating thorough cooking. Utilizing a meat thermometer is crucial to confirm that the internal temperature reaches at least 165°F (74°C) for safe consumption. This step ensures that the chicken is cooked through without being dry or undercooked. Homemade barbecue rubs can enhance the flavor profile, giving the wings a delicious taste that complements the tender meat. Whether you prefer flats or drummettes, achieving the perfect balance of texture and taste brings about a delightful dining experience. Check the nutrition facts of the rubs to maintain a healthy balance while enjoying these flavorful treats.” Tips for Crispy Baked Chicken Wings Credits: Poormet.Com – Zachary Campbell Achieving crispy baked chicken wings requires attention to detail, such as using high heat, proper seasoning, and utilizing a wire rack for optimal airflow during baking. One crucial step in preparing crispy baked chicken wings is to carefully season them with your favorite dry spices or rubs before placing them in the oven. Parsley can add a fresh, herbaceous note to the wings, enhancing their flavor profile. When baking, consider lining the baking tray with aluminum foil to prevent sticking and ensure easy cleanup. Another valuable tip is to use a wire rack to elevate the wings, allowing heat to circulate evenly around each piece for a consistent and crispy texture. Use a Wire Rack Employing a wire rack while baking chicken wings promotes a crispy coating, even airflow for consistent cooking, and enhances the infusion of seasonings for a flavorful outcome. One of the key advantages of using a wire rack when preparing chicken wings is that it allows the excess fat to drip off during cooking, resulting in a healthier dish. By elevating the wings, the heat can circulate more evenly around each piece, aiding in achieving that desired crispy texture. By using a wire rack, the chicken wings are less likely to become soggy or greasy since they are not sitting in their own juices. This method is especially beneficial when using a dry seasoning blend, as it allows the flavors to fully penetrate the meat without getting diluted by excess moisture. Flip the Wings Flipping the chicken wings during the baking process ensures an even crispiness on both sides, allowing the flavors to permeate throughout the wings for a delightful taste. When flipping the wings, use a pair of tongs to gently turn them over, being careful not to break the skin that gives that crucial crunch. This flipping technique helps the wings cook uniformly, creating that desired golden brown color on each side. Once flipped, you can then brush on your favorite buffalo sauce or seasoning mix generously. This step ensures that every part of the wing is coated with the delicious flavors, enhancing the overall taste experience. Increase Temperature at the End Raising the oven temperature towards the end of the baking time caramelizes the seasonings, enhances the crispy texture, and imparts a rich flavor to the chicken wings, especially the drummettes. When preparing your chicken wings, it’s essential to ensure they are well-coated with a mixture of pepper, onion powder, and a flavorful homemade barbecue rub to achieve that perfect balance of taste. The addition of a pinch of baking powder to the seasoning not only contributes to the crispy exterior but also helps in achieving that delightful crunch when you bite into the juicy, tender meat. As the wings approach the final stages of baking, consider increasing the oven temperature slightly to create a caramelized finish that elevates the overall flavor profile to a new level of deliciousness. Serving Suggestions for Baked Chicken Wings Enhance the dining experience with baked chicken wings by offering a variety of sauce options, complementary side dishes, and flavorful dips to elevate the meal. When serving warm, ensure the crispy baked wings remain tender and juicy inside. A classic choice is to pair them with tangy BBQ sauce for that irresistible sweet and smoky flavor combination. For those looking for a bit of heat, a spicy buffalo sauce could be the perfect accompaniment. Consider serving the wings with a side of crunchy celery sticks and cool ranch dressing. For a more exotic twist, try a honey soy glaze or a zesty garlic parmesan sauce for a varied gastronomic experience. Explore different dip options like blue cheese, sriracha mayo, or even a creamy avocado dip to cater to various taste preferences. Dipping sauces such as tangy vegetable dips, zesty hot sauces, and creamy ranch dressings complement the flavors of chicken wings, making them a delightful snack or meal. In terms of vegetable dips, options range from classic hummus to a refreshing cucumber yogurt dip. The combination of cool cucumber and tangy yogurt adds a fresh dimension to the savory wings. Moving on to hot sauces, there’s a wide spectrum of heat levels, from mild to fiery. For those with a sweet tooth, a brown sugar-infused barbecue sauce can balance the spiciness perfectly. Don’t forget the crunch – celery sticks are the perfect accompaniment to these saucy wings. Creamy ranch dressing offers a smooth and rich contrast that coats the wings with a luscious flavor. Accompanying chicken wings with delectable side dishes such as refreshing vegetable dips, tangy BBQ sauces, and creamy blue cheese dressings enhances the overall dining experience, especially when enjoying crispy baked wings. Vegetable dips add a burst of freshness to your meal, providing a cool and crunchy contrast to the hot and crispy wings. For a tangy kick, BBQ sauces offer a smoky sweetness that complements the savory flavors of the wings, creating a harmonious blend of tastes. Meanwhile, creamy blue cheese dressing adds a rich and indulgent element, balancing out the heat of spicy wings with its smooth texture and tangy notes. Frequently Asked Questions How do I prepare chicken wings for baking in the oven? To prepare chicken wings for baking in the oven, start by patting them dry with paper towels. Then, toss them in a mixture of your preferred seasoning and oil to coat them evenly. What is the recommended temperature for baking chicken wings in the oven? The recommended temperature for baking chicken wings in the oven is 400 degrees Fahrenheit. This will ensure crispy skin and fully cooked meat. How long should I bake chicken wings in the oven? The baking time for chicken wings in the oven depends on the size and quantity of the wings. Generally, it takes about 40-45 minutes to bake chicken wings at 400 degrees Fahrenheit. How can I make my baked chicken wings crispy? To make your baked chicken wings crispy, make sure to first coat them in a mixture of seasoning and oil. Then, place them on a wire rack on top of a baking sheet to allow air to circulate around the wings as they bake. Can I use frozen chicken wings for baking in the oven? Yes, you can use frozen chicken wings for baking in the oven. Just make sure to thoroughly defrost them before seasoning and baking to ensure even cooking. What are some flavor variations I can try when baking chicken wings in the oven? Some flavor variations you can try when baking chicken wings in the oven include buffalo, barbecue, garlic parmesan, honey mustard, and teriyaki. You can also experiment with different seasonings and spices for a unique flavor profile.

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by Marci Merola Edvige Giunta works tirelessly to keep the dead alive. It happens during her memoir writing workshops, like a recent one entitled “Stories of Our Dead,” and through her day job as Professor of English at New Jersey City University, where such stories are both read and written. It’s obvious when she’s writing the names of the victims of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in chalk in front of their homes on the anniversary of the tragedy (a newish tradition started by Ruth Sergel that she carries forth) or observing the impact that it has on students of her Triangle fire class. Now, in a new book co-edited with Mary Anne Trasciatti, Talking to the Girls: Intimate and Political Essays on the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (New Village Press), she breathes new life into the stories and the legacy of the 146 workers who died in the devastating fire that happened 111 years ago. “It’s not that I am obsessed with the fire,” she says, smiling over Zoom. One glimpse into her airy, plant-filled home office, and you can get a sense that keeping things alive comes naturally to her. “And it’s not just that the Triangle fire has been a subject of study for me. It’s something that’s been so organically integrated into so many aspects of my life, from friendships and collaborations with Italian American women, to the teaching of it, and even within my own family. It’s very personal.” “Just yesterday,” she says, “we had a meeting with the publisher who gave us the official publication date of the book: March 22, 2022. It feels really momentous, like a really long, long journey that for me started when I was 17.” Giunta’s introduction to the Triangle fire took place thousands of miles away from New York, and is intertwined with her introduction to feminism. “I was born in Gela, a town in Sicily. It’s a biggish town but very provincial, with a small-town mentality. Fortuitously, in the 1970s, Gela was host to Maria Rosa Cutrufelli, a well-known Italian writer, who came to live there because she was teaching nearby. She started a feminist group, probably the first in Sicily. I was 12 or 13 years old … I had an older sister and I knew some of the girls who gravitated toward Maria Rosa.” She lays all this out so matter-of-factly, but it’s clearly a story of its own, with sufficient ingredients for a Giuseppe Tornatore epic. Imagine Cutrufelli, the Sicilian-born, University of Bologna educated, self-made writer and feminist, who moves to the small town of Gela, causing more rumblings than Mt. Etna, awakening and radicalizing young women there. Although the feminist group dissolved after Cutrufelli left, the seeds of change had been planted in fertile Sicilian soil: Many of the young women also left Gela, some headed to cities like Catania and Bologna to continue to work for women’s rights. Giunta, still a teenager, stayed behind, but was deeply affected. “When I was 16, I started my own femminismo and became very intrigued by the issues of women’s rights,” she continues. “At that time, abortion rights was the big issue. And it’s kind of strange that this is what is coming up again today, right? So many women and girls died because of abortions being performed in terrible conditions. There were the classic stories of the knitting needles. I was outraged. At that time, The Radical Party was campaigning, so I went to Catania and told them I wanted to campaign for them, even though I wasn’t old enough to vote. The following year I started a feminist radio program at the local radio station.” “Now… in my memory for the longest time, I thought the first time I heard about the Triangle fire was when I was 18 and had joined the feminist movement in Catania. During the feminist marches, part of the collective memory was the story of these women who had died in a fire in a factory in New York City. I didn’t know it was called Triangle; I didn’t know there were Italian women; I did not know there were Sicilian women. Then a few months ago I was flipping through an old notebook of my scripts from my radio show when I was 17, and there it was: I talked about the Triangle fire in my first radio program at Radio Gela, Sfruttata con onore. So I feel that the Fire actually sanctioned my public voice as a feminist.” From Sicily to New York Giunta left Sicily for the U.S. in the 1980s to pursue a master’s degree, then her Ph.D. in English at the University of Miami. The Triangle fire was set aside, until her work took her to New Jersey and New York, where her subject matter moved from James Joyce to women writers and finally to Italian American writers. In 2001, she helped to organize a commemoration of the 90th Anniversary of the Triangle fire with Casa Italiana at New York University. She believes it was the first time an Italian American group had done a public commemoration of the Triangle fire. “The Triangle fire has entered the Italian American public memory rather late,” she surmises. “I think it has existed in personal and familial memory—at the level of passing on stories. But really, the assertion that yes, this was a chapter of Italian American history, especially Italian American women’s history, has come really late, especially when you consider how Jewish American history has embraced it from the beginning.” It was after the commemoration that Giunta began teaching about the Triangle fire in her classes, which focus on immigration and women writers. “I started including it in my teaching,” she says, “remembering it with my students. Always feeling the responsibility to pass it on.” Talking to the Girls Fast forward twenty years and you’ll find that Edvige Giunta has made a successful life in the U.S, as writer, editor, teacher, activist, mother and wife. She’s published several books, has co-founded the Collective of Italian American Women, now known as the Malia Collective, and is editor of multiple anthologies, including the acclaimed, The Milk of Almonds: Italian American Women Writers on Food and Culture. In fact, Giunta was about ready to hang up her editor hat … yet one more book called to her. “I was very fortunate to find a partner like Mary Anne Trasciatti,” says Giunta of the new book. Trasciatti is a Professor of Rhetoric and Director of Labor Studies program at Hofstra University, and President of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. “We come from different academic backgrounds and interests, but we share an affinity of ideas and commitment to the Triangle fire. “We both felt, as did the contributors, an enormous sense of ethical responsibility to the story. Which can be a bit tricky, given the genre of personal/memoiristic essay that we chose for the book. In memoir, the boundaries between what happened, what did not happen, and what might have happened or even a kind of fantastic reimagining of reality, are very slippery. Memoir aims to identify and tell the subjective truth of memory. We wanted to do this with this book through the essays but maintaining historical accuracy. It was quite a challenge.” Work began on the collection in 2017. “We never wanted to just ‘finish,’” says Giunta, “we wanted to come to completion of the project in a manner that did justice to the story that we were telling collectively.” While previous publications have focused on the monumental changes that the Triangle fire brought forth, Talking to the Girls is a collection of 18 essays that expose a private, personal aspect of the legacy, by 19 authors connected to the Triangle fire in various ways. “We wanted to get to the heart of what it is that connects the personal and the public. We had to urge the writers not to be reticent about telling their story and to recognize openly the relevance of those intimate details, how their personal and private experience is relevant. We are very grateful that contributors were generous, letting us go back and forth to keep asking questions. It was a project of discovery and revelation for all of us.” That work is evident. “There’s the incredible essay by Martin Abromovitz,” Giunta offers, “who writes about a very complex and difficult story of the possibility that his father had inadvertently started this fire. The willingness and courage and grace with which he tells that story is remarkable.” Or the story of Suzanne Pred Bass, who writes of two great aunts, Katie and Rose Weiner, who were in the fire: one who perished, and one who bravely grabbed the elevator cable in order to make it to safety. “In that story, we find out that March 25 also marked the death of an older sister, eight years prior. So when you try to understand the role of the Triangle fire within a particular family, you just don’t look only at the person who died in the fire, but at the constellation of moments that help you understand the family in the context of immigration history, in the context of women’s history, in the context of making memory, and in the context of coping with grief.” Impact on Italy and International Women’s Day If there’s one problem with interviewing Edvige Giunta, it’s that every sentence she utters makes for a great closing quote; a great opportunity to end the conversation; a perfect mic drop. Yet there’s always more to ask and more to learn. And so I ask about the second life that the Triangle fire has had in Italy. “For the longest time we [Italians] believed that the Triangle fire took place on March 8,” she says. There is a song from the 1970s called ‘8 Marzo’ by the Movimento Feminista Romano: ‘Remember us we died in a factory, exploited at work, exploited at home.’ Some believe that International Women’s Day was established because of this.” Debate ensues about the origins of International Women’s Day. The first march took place in Northern Europe on March 19, 1911, where more than a million women and women attended rallies campaigning for women’s rights. But just days later, the Triangle fire would make world news, turning eyes to the U.S. and further galvanizing the effort. While some believe the Triangle fire is at the core of the movement, March 8 was ultimately selected as the official date, marking the anniversary of a provisional end to women’s suffrage in Russia. Perhaps the duality of its history is indicative of the time. “The feminist historian, Emma Baeri, whom I knew as a young feminist in Catania, has talked about this kind of imagined memory,” she says, explaining that so much of Italian women’s stories and experience has been passed down through conversations and oral tradition, not through history books. “We have been on the margins and outside official history. So as women, we try to pass on the stories and push them into the realm of history the best way we can. So that is how we end up in Italy with this re-imagined memory of the Triangle fire.” But even Italy has come full circle. “It’s really wonderful to see how Italy has recovered the history of the Triangle fire today with a level of historical accuracy,” says Giunta. She recounts the visit to the 2014 U.S. of Laura Boldrini, then President of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy. After her official stop in D.C., Boldrini asked to visit the site of the Triangle fire, so the U.S. Consulate arranged a visit through Stefano Albertini, Director of Casa Italiana, with Giunta being one of the hosts. “That was incredible! Now you have an Italian government representative coming to the site of the factory fire, and meeting with Vincent Maltese, the grandson of Catherine Maltese, who died with her two daughters, Lucia and fourteen-year-old Rosaria, who was the youngest to die. It was momentous in terms of immigrant history.” Equally momentous is the story of Ester Rizzo Licata, with the Italian feminist group, Toponomastica Femminile, whose recent work seeks to commemorate and correct history. “She became committed to tracking down where the Italian victims were born,” says Giunta. “Most of them from Sicily, but also Apulia, Basilicata, and Campania. For six, the birthplace has not been identified yet. She contacted the mayors of all these various towns and said let’s do something commemorative for these workers. So now all these towns have plaques and squares and streets named for them.” In her essay in Talking to the Girls, Licata writes: I wanted to bring them back home … When a group of us, all women, read that long list on the stage of a theater in my hometown of Licata, Sicily, on March 8, 2012, a respectful silence enveloped the audience. It was then that I felt a deep desire to learn about and understand the lives of these fellow Italian women before they went to America, to give them the dignity of being remembered in the places where they were born and where they lived a chapter of their lives. In Italy, as in the U.S., the stories live on and new ones are born, thanks to inspired individual and collective voices who keep the legacy going. “In some ways this all feels like a version, an amplification of what I was doing when I was 17 years old and I was asking people to remember the women who died in a fire.” Amplification, indeed. The book’s epilogue, an inspiring interview with Bangladeshi labor activist Kalpona Akter about her work since the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Factory fire, is a reminder that one hundred years later, the struggle for workers’ rights continues throughout the world. “For me, talking about the Triangle fire is something that reverberates in every way, and I’m very curious to see what this book will do in terms of bringing together a new community of people who don’t know about it. I’m eager to see what will happen next.” Talking to the Girls: Intimate and Political Essays on the Triangle Fire, edited by Edvige Giunta and Mary Anne Trasciatti, will be published on March 22, 2022, in time for the 111st anniversary of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. Pre-order your copy through New Village Press. A Brief History of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire by Marci Merola If you have lived or worked in the United States, your life has been impacted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911, whether you know its dark history or not. It informs our lives in big ways and small, through labor rights that we take for granted and safety regulations governing the places in which we live and work. From the simple presence of exit signs that we pass without notice to social security benefits, American life has been shaped by the fire. But for some it’s much more private: educating others about this tragedy has become a self-perpetuating act, as it’s nearly impossible for anyone telling their personal Triangle fire connection to not recount the details. Such was the problem editors Mary Anne Trasciatti and Edvige Giunta encountered often as they edited their forthcoming compilation, Talking to the Girls, Intimate and Political Essays on the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (New Village Press, March 22, 2022). The facts are brutal. Greenwich Village, New York, March 25, 1911. As workers near the end of their shift, a hot cigarette ash drops into a garbage can. Working conditions in this sweatshop are truly incendiary: rooms stuffed with workers, air thick with fibers from hours of fabric cutting, stairwells and doors locked by employers—a common practice to keep workers from taking breaks. The Asch Building itself had been touted as “fireproof,” and although the structure still stands today, owners had taken shortcuts to skirt the few safety regulations in place. Rickety fire escapes were barely ancillary. An ill-equipped fire department had no means to reach the upper floors of this modern, high-rise factory. In the span of 18 minutes, all that was left of the wooden interior of the building was ash. 123 women and 23 men, Italian and Jewish immigrants as young as 14, jumped to their death, suffocated, or were burned alive. The story of the defeated fire chief who finds a live mouse among the rubble and takes it home is legendary: “At least I could save one life today,” he’s rumored to have said. The aftermath is revolutionary. The 18-minute blaze changed the nation, resulting in advancement in workers’ rights, child labor laws, formation of unions such as the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU), and adoption of fire codes and safety regulations. Perhaps what fueled such a surge of change was that these conditions had been called out before. Two years prior, more than 20,000 shirtwaist workers in New York had gone on strike, protesting deplorable conditions that ultimately led to the death of those 146 workers, including safety issues, as well as unfair wages and long work days. Striking workers demanded a 20% pay raise and a shorter, 52-hour work week, plus overtime pay. While some companies complied, owners of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory are said to have been staunchly anti-union, hiring thugs to beat employees and bribing police to make arrests. Ultimately, 400 Triangle workers went back to an unchanged work environment that would soon end in disaster. Nothing was new about these terrible work conditions, said Mary Anne Trasciatti in her conversation with the Italian American Podcast. Co-Editor of this new collection, Professor of Rhetoric and Director of Labor Studies program at Hofstra University, and President of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition, Trasciatti is clearly an expert on the topic. Injuries, death and disasters were prevalent in garment factories, she explains. The new factor was that this fire had happened in the light of day, a horrific public spectacle that would forever change those who witnessed it. One such person was Frances Perkins, an upper-crust young woman who happened to be having tea nearby when the fire broke out. Already focused on workers’ rights, Perkins had studied the working poor and working conditions in Philadelphia and Chicago, including Jane Addams and the settlement house movement, and was working with the New York Consumers League. But witnessing the horrors of the fire gave her new resolve. She went on to devote her life to workers’ rights, becoming the first female U.S. Secretary of Labor, appointed by her colleague, Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1933. Her New Deal accomplishments included implementation of the Social Security Act, as well as the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set maximum work hours and minimum wages, and abolished child labor. “The New Deal began on March 25, 1911,” she famously said. The story is not over. Through the work of editors Giunta and Trasciatti, Frances Perkins’ grandson finally had an opportunity to amend that statement: “The New Deal Began with My Grandmother, Frances Perkins” is the title of his essay, which gives us a glimpse into the personal life and legacy of his grandmother. Through this and many other carefully edited narratives, we see how the legacy of the fire lives on, through family secrets and ritual mourning of family members never known; from classrooms in New York and New Jersey to garment factories in Bangladesh; from protests in Berkeley to piazzas in Sicily. In this marriage of collective and personal memory, the editors have elevated both into historical record, and give new life to a story that should never die.

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Who doesn't love the aroma of freshly baked crescent rolls wafting through the house? These homemade crescent rolls are soft, buttery, and absolutely irresistible. They make a great addition to any meal, and are surprisingly easy to make. Let's dive into the process of creating these delightful rolls from scratch. Most of the ingredients needed for this recipe should already be in your pantry: yeast, sugar, flour, butter, milk, and egg. However, make sure you have active dry yeast, not instant yeast. While they can often be used interchangeably, active dry yeast needs to be dissolved in water before using, while instant yeast can be mixed right into dry ingredients. Essential Ingredients for Homemade Crescent Rolls Yeast: A key ingredient for making homemade crescent rolls. It's responsible for the rise and fluffy texture of the rolls. Sugar: Adds a hint of sweetness to the rolls and helps to activate the yeast. Butter: Provides richness and flavor to the rolls. Milk: Adds moisture. Warm milk is best as it helps activate the yeast. Egg: Gives the rolls structure and helps with the rise. Flour: The main dry ingredient. It's what gives the rolls their structure. Salt: Enhances the overall flavor of the rolls. One reader, Gualterio Scarbrough says: These homemade crescent rolls are a game-changer! The recipe is simple to follow, and the rolls turn out soft and buttery with a perfect golden crust. They're a hit every time I make them, and my family can't get enough. Definitely a must-try for anyone who loves fresh, homemade bread! Techniques for Perfect Crescent Rolls How to activate yeast: Yeast needs to be activated by combining it with warm water and sugar. Let it sit for 10 minutes until it becomes foamy, which indicates that the yeast is active and ready to use. How to knead dough: Kneading the dough is essential to develop the gluten and create a smooth, elastic texture. Use your hands to fold the dough in half, then push it away with the heel of your hand. Give the dough a quarter turn and repeat the process. How to shape crescent rolls: After dividing the dough and rolling it into circles, cut each circle into wedges. To shape the crescent rolls, start with the wide end and roll the dough towards the pointed end, creating a crescent shape. How to proof dough: After shaping the crescent rolls, cover them with a kitchen towel and allow them to rise for 30 to 40 minutes. This step is crucial for the dough to expand and become light and airy. How to brush with milk: Before baking, brush the shaped rolls with milk. This helps to create a golden and slightly glossy crust on the finished crescent rolls. How To Make Homemade Crescent Rolls Forget the canned version of crescent rolls and go for these soft and tasty homemade crescent rolls instead rolled in a perfect fluffy dough. Combine yeast, 1 teaspoon sugar, and warm water. Let sit for 10 mins or until foamy. Add melted butter, the remaining 3 tablespoons of sugar, and warm milk to a large bowl. Add yeast mixture, egg, and salt. Stir in 2 cups of flour. Add flour ½ cup at a time to create a soft dough. Knead until smooth for about 5 to 7 minutes. Place dough in a greased bowl and cover. Let rise until doubled for about 1 hour. Place dough on a light flour surface and divide in two. Roll each half into a 12-inch circle and cut each circle into 12 wedges. Roll wedges into a crescent shape starting with the wide end. Place at least 2-inch apart on a parchment-lined pan. Cover with a kitchen towel and allow to rise for 30 to 40 minutes. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Brush with milk and bake rolls for 10 to 12 minutes or until golden. - Calories: 234.11kcal - Fat: 8.80g - Saturated Fat: 5.23g - Trans Fat: 0.31g - Monounsaturated Fat: 2.26g - Polyunsaturated Fat: 0.55g - Carbohydrates: 32.91g - Fiber: 1.29g - Sugar: 0.99g - Protein: 5.40g - Cholesterol: 34.68mg - Sodium: 108.93mg - Calcium: 22.55mg - Potassium: 70.98mg - Iron: 0.57mg - Vitamin A: 75.11µg - Vitamin C: 0.00mg Crucial Technique for Flaky Crescent Rolls To ensure your crescent rolls are light and fluffy, avoid over-kneading the dough. Over-kneading can lead to a denser texture as it can cause the gluten in the flour to develop too much. Aim for a smooth, elastic dough that springs back when lightly pressed with a finger. If you're using a stand mixer, keep a close eye on the dough to prevent overworking it. Time-Saving Tips for Homemade Crescent Rolls Preparation: Gather all your ingredients and equipment before starting. This will help you work efficiently and prevent any last-minute trips to the store. Organization: Clean as you go to minimize clutter and make the cooking process more manageable. Prioritize: Focus on the most time-consuming tasks first, such as dough preparation, to ensure they are completed without rushing. Multi-tasking: Look for opportunities to combine steps, such as allowing the dough to rise while you prepare other components. Efficient shaping: Roll out the dough into a rectangle and use a pizza cutter to quickly create evenly-sized triangles for the crescent rolls. Baking strategy: Consider using multiple baking sheets to bake all the crescent rolls at once, saving time and energy. Substitute Ingredients For Homemade Crescent Rolls Recipe active dry yeast - Substitute with instant yeast: Instant yeast can be used as a direct substitute for active dry yeast. However, you may need to use slightly less instant yeast compared to active dry yeast, and you can add it directly to the dry ingredients without proofing it in water. butter - Substitute with margarine: Margarine can be used as a substitute for butter in baking. However, it may alter the flavor and texture slightly, so consider using a high-quality margarine for the best results. warm milk - Substitute with soy milk: Soy milk can be used as a substitute for dairy milk in this recipe. It will provide a similar creamy texture and can be warmed to the desired temperature for the recipe. egg - Substitute with applesauce: Applesauce can be used as a substitute for eggs in baking recipes. Use 1/4 cup of applesauce for each egg called for in the recipe to help bind the ingredients together. flour - Substitute with whole wheat flour: Whole wheat flour can be used as a substitute for all-purpose flour, adding a nuttier flavor and more fiber to the crescent rolls. milk - Substitute with coconut milk: Coconut milk can be used as a substitute for dairy milk in this recipe, adding a subtle coconut flavor to the crescent rolls. Presentation Ideas for Crescent Rolls - Elevate the shape: Instead of the traditional crescent shape, consider shaping the rolls into intricate designs such as flower shapes or knots to add a touch of elegance to the presentation. - Incorporate a glaze: Brush the rolls with a glossy honey or butter glaze after baking to give them a beautiful sheen and an extra layer of flavor. - Garnish with herbs: Sprinkle freshly chopped parsley or thyme over the warm rolls to add a pop of color and a hint of freshness to the dish. - Serve on a wooden board: Present the freshly baked rolls on a rustic wooden board to create a warm and inviting visual appeal, adding a touch of homeliness to the dish. - Accompany with flavored butter: Serve the rolls alongside a selection of artisanal flavored butters, such as garlic or herb-infused varieties, to elevate the dining experience. Essential Tools for Making Crescent Rolls at Home Mixing bowl: A mixing bowl is essential for combining ingredients and kneading dough. It should be large enough to accommodate the dough as it rises. Baking sheet: A baking sheet is used to place the crescent rolls for baking. It should be lined with parchment paper to prevent sticking. Pastry brush: A pastry brush is used to brush the crescent rolls with milk before baking, giving them a golden finish. Oven: An oven is needed to bake the crescent rolls at the specified temperature. Measuring cups and spoons: These are used to accurately measure the ingredients for the crescent rolls recipe. Rolling pin: A rolling pin is used to roll out the dough into a 12-inch circle before cutting it into wedges. Kitchen towel: A kitchen towel is used to cover the shaped crescent rolls as they rise before baking. Parchment paper: Parchment paper is used to line the baking sheet and prevent the crescent rolls from sticking during baking. Storing and Freezing Homemade Crescent Rolls Once the crescent rolls have cooled completely, store them in an airtight container or resealable plastic bag at room temperature for up to 3 days. To maintain their freshness, you can place a piece of bread in the container, which will help absorb any excess moisture. If you want to keep the rolls fresh for a longer period, you can freeze them for up to 2 months. Wrap each roll individually in plastic wrap, then place them in a freezer-safe container or resealable plastic bag. This will prevent them from sticking together and make it easier to thaw only the amount you need. To thaw frozen crescent rolls, remove them from the freezer and let them sit at room temperature for about 30 minutes. You can also microwave individual rolls for 15-20 seconds on high power, or until they're heated through. For a crispy crust, you can reheat the thawed rolls in a preheated oven at 350°F (175°C) for 5-7 minutes, or until they're warmed through and slightly crispy on the outside. If you want to prepare the dough ahead of time, you can refrigerate the unbaked rolls for up to 24 hours before baking. Cover the rolls tightly with plastic wrap or aluminum foil to prevent them from drying out. When ready to bake, remove the rolls from the refrigerator and let them come to room temperature for about 30 minutes before brushing with milk and baking as directed. How To Reheat Leftover Crescent Rolls Here are the best methods for reheating leftover homemade crescent rolls: Oven method: Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Place the rolls on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Brush the tops of the rolls with a little melted butter or milk to help them retain moisture. Bake for 5-7 minutes, or until they are heated through and the exterior is crispy again. This method works best for larger quantities of rolls and helps restore their original texture. Microwave method: If you're short on time, the microwave is a quick option. Place the rolls on a microwave-safe plate and cover them with a damp paper towel. This will help prevent them from drying out. Microwave on high for 15-20 seconds per roll. If needed, add a few more seconds until they reach your desired temperature. Keep in mind that microwaving may result in a softer texture compared to the oven method. Toaster oven method: For a small batch of crescent rolls, a toaster oven is a convenient choice. Preheat the toaster oven to 350°F (175°C). Place the rolls on the toaster oven tray and brush them with a little melted butter or milk. Heat for 3-5 minutes, or until they are warmed through and slightly crispy on the outside. This method offers more control over the heating process compared to the microwave. Stovetop method: For a unique twist, you can reheat your crescent rolls in a skillet on the stovetop. Melt a small amount of butter in a non-stick skillet over medium heat. Add the rolls to the skillet and cover with a lid. Heat for 1-2 minutes on each side, or until they are warmed through and slightly crispy. This method adds a subtle buttery flavor to the rolls and creates a crispy exterior. Interesting Fact About Crescent Rolls The homemade crescent rolls recipe is a versatile one that can be customized with various fillings such as cheese, ham, or chocolate. Is Making Crescent Rolls at Home Cost-Effective? This homemade crescent rolls recipe offers a high degree of cost-effectiveness for a household. The ingredients are basic and affordable, making it a budget-friendly choice. With a rating of 9/10, it's a versatile addition to any meal. The approximate cost for a household of 4 people is around $8, making it an economical choice for a delicious homemade treat. Are Homemade Crescent Rolls Healthy? The homemade crescent rolls recipe, while delicious, is not particularly healthy. Here's why: - The recipe contains a significant amount of butter and milk, which are high in saturated fats. Consuming too much saturated fat can increase the risk of heart disease and other health issues. - The recipe also calls for a considerable amount of sugar, which can contribute to weight gain and other health problems when consumed in excess. - The main ingredient in the recipe is white flour, which is a refined carbohydrate. Refined carbohydrates have been stripped of their fiber and nutrients, making them less nutritious than whole grain alternatives. To make this recipe healthier, consider the following suggestions: - Replace half of the white flour with whole wheat flour to increase the fiber content and overall nutritional value of the rolls. - Reduce the amount of sugar in the recipe by half. This will still provide some sweetness without going overboard. - Use low-fat milk instead of whole milk to decrease the amount of saturated fat in the recipe. - Experiment with replacing some of the butter with healthier alternatives, such as olive oil or Greek yogurt. This can help reduce the saturated fat content while still maintaining a rich texture. - Consider adding some healthy ingredients to the dough, such as finely chopped nuts or seeds, to boost the nutrient content of the rolls. Editor's Opinion on This Crescent Roll Recipe The homemade crescent rolls recipe is a classic and versatile addition to any meal. The combination of yeast, butter, and warm milk creates a rich and flavorful dough, while the final touch of brushing the rolls with milk before baking gives them a beautiful golden finish. The process of rolling the dough into crescent shapes adds a fun and elegant touch to the presentation. These crescent rolls are sure to be a hit at any gathering and can be enjoyed with a variety of dishes, from soups to salads. Overall, this recipe is a delightful way to elevate any dining experience. Why trust this Homemade Crescent Rolls Recipe: This homemade crescent rolls recipe is a tried and tested classic, guaranteed to impress your guests. The active dry yeast ensures a light and airy texture, while the addition of butter and warm milk creates a rich and indulgent flavor. The use of warm water and sugar activates the yeast, resulting in perfectly risen rolls. With simple instructions and common pantry staples like flour and salt, this recipe is accessible to all home cooks. The final touch of brushing the rolls with milk before baking ensures a golden, irresistible finish. Was this page helpful? Have your own special recipe to share? Submit Your Recipe Today!

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Article from | Inductive Automation Source: Manufacturing Tomorrow While the IoT has shown incredible promise within the corporate and consumer environment, the true value of the IoT can be found in the industrial space, which has aptly become known as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While the IoT has shown incredible promise within the corporate and consumer environment, the true value of the IoT can be found in the industrial space, which has aptly become known as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The unquenchable thirst for industrial data has ignited this IIoT movement to bring operational technology (OT) up to speed with its enterprise counterpart, information technology (IT). This movement aims to overcome hurdles that have handicapped the growth of the industrial world and to connect data across a wide network throughout an organization. The IIoT unlocks data, clearing the way for easy access and share-ability. By working with IT, OT can leverage the scalability and flexibility of open technologies to access and share all types of data with every level of an organization. In this white paper, we’ll provide some best practices when approaching your new IIoT infrastructure. Best Practice #1: Gradually Transition to a New IIoT Infrastructure There is a lot of hype about the IIoT and many organizations want to leverage the benefits it promises. However, for many organizations, the path to technological adoption seems unclear, and some still question if IIoT will ever happen. Fortunately, with current and emerging offerings, organizations can actually take full advantage of IIoT today. Before making the leap, though, they should recognize that legacy devices are still in use. Planning and patience are required as you move forward with an IIoT solution for your organization. As the old saying goes, you should look before you leap. Build a Parallel Infrastructure There are still hundreds of millions of proprietary legacy PLCs and devices being used by organizations today, and they will continue to be in use for many years to come. Upgrading all of these devices would be incredibly cost-prohibitive. It would also be very difficult to just switch to new technology because making a quick switch could result in a catastrophic failure and loss of revenue. Your best approach is to build a parallel infrastructure alongside your existing installation and gradually transition devices from your old system to your new IIoT infrastructure. Many systems are critical in nature and upgrades could cause outages, which are unacceptable. Building a system in parallel allows you and your organization to compare data from your established system with your new system. The gradual approach helps you to make sure your new system works and is stable before making a complete infrastructure transition. Allow Time for Testing Migrating to a brand-new IIoT system of a large magnitude requires thought and thorough planning. This is a process you shouldn’t rush nor take lightly. Taking your time affords you the ability to test your system. As you gradually build your new infrastructure, you can test along the way to make sure communication is stable. Furthermore, if a failure occurs while you install your new infrastructure, the current system is still available, mitigating any downtime. As you begin developing a plan for your new IIoT infrastructure, you should start looking at which communication protocols to use in your infrastructure. The protocol you choose will determine the IIoT devices and software for your infrastructure. Take the time to understand the needs of your organization and how your current system is set up. The final solution you choose is a large commitment. Once implemented, your infrastructure will be in place for many years to come. In the next section, we’ll look at MQTT and why it is the ideal communications protocol for IIoT. Best Practice #2: Choose MQTT as Your IIoT Messaging Protocol Your entire IIoT solution will heavily depend on the protocol you choose, as it is the backbone of your system. Most common IIoT protocols fall into two categories. One category is the publish-and-subscribe (pub-sub) protocols which connect and publish data to a topic on an intermediary broker. MQTT, AMQP, DDS, and XMPP are examples of pub-sub protocols. The other category is the poll-response or client-server protocols, such as Allen-Bradley, Omron, and Modbus, in which clients continually connect to the server and make requests to determine if any data has changed. Of the two categories, which one should you choose? To effectively build a highly scalable solution with a high level of efficiency, it is best to adopt a publish-subscribe communication protocol. Rather than connecting applications directly to devices, publish-subscribe protocols decouple devices and allow applications to connect to middleware. Through middleware, you can connect any application that requires data from any device without placing any heavy demands on the network. From the list of available protocols in the pub-sub category, we highly recommend using MQTT. More than just a protocol, MQTT is the foundation for building your new architecture, making it a reality today. Make MQTT Your Communications Protocol While MQTT’s recent emergence into the limelight may suggest that it’s a brand new technology, MQTT has been around for quite some time. In 1999, Dr. Andy Stanford-Clark of IBM and Arlen Nipper invented a messaging protocol that was mainly intended for real-time, oil-and-gas SCADA systems. At the time, operational technology and information technology were two separate worlds. Unlike IT, bandwidth in OT was neither free nor unlimited. In an effort to circumvent the communication limitations of OT, MQTT was designed to be a lightweight, pub-sub protocol that economizes on bandwidth. However, the true value of MQTT is now found in its ability to decouple edge devices from applications that need the data. Traditional poll-response communication protocols can eat a lot of bandwidth without providing any real value. MQTT’s pub-sub method allows devices to put data on message-oriented middleware (MOM). Instead of applications constantly checking devices for any value changes, applications can connect to a MOM and subscribe to the important data that they need, including device state information. Since MQTT has proven to be a formidable communications protocol, its use has gone far beyond the oil and gas industry, and it has emerged as the de facto standard for IIoT and M2M messaging. In the Eclipse Foundation’s 2016 IoT Developer Survey, 80 percent of the respondents chose MQTT as the leading protocol for IIoT. MQTT is becoming more available as manufacturers begin to embed MQTT onto their devices. With so much interest in MQTT, it is safe to say that MQTT is the best choice for your IIoT solution. Decoupled Applications & Devices What Makes MQTT the Ideal Protocol? MQTT has three distinct features that also make it the ideal IIoT protocol: low bandwidth, TLS security, and stateful awareness. Limited bandwidth presents a serious challenge to IIoT, especially for remote locations, which is why MQTT is the perfect solution. It is a lightweight, low-bandwidth communications protocol that uses a pub-sub methodology. Poll-response protocols send and receive a lot of repetitive data which can take up an unnecessary amount of bandwidth. MQTT employs a MOM which decouples devices from applications and thus reduces bandwidth usage. Devices connect directly to a MOM, or in this case the MQTT server, where data is gathered. Applications then connect to the MQTT server, getting an update whenever there are changes to the data. The second important feature is the use of a cryptographic security protocol called Transport Layer Security (TLS), which provides communications security over a computer network. TLS aims to provide privacy and data integrity between two communicating computer applications. It is designed to prevent eavesdropping and tampering. By using TLS, MQTT establishes a secure, private connection via a handshake process. Once a connection is made, data is encrypted and transmitted between the client and the server. If the handshake fails, data is not transmitted. In addition to providing low bandwidth and a high level of security, MQTT has an incredibly useful feature called stateful awareness. While current SCADA implementations purely transmit data from devices, MQTT also sends the device state data about the health of the device or network connection. This is incredibly important for remote locations because it enables operators to determine if network connections are operational or devices are unavailable. As we dive deeper into the best practices for IIoT, we will discover that stateful awareness is one of the key ingredients to a successful IIoT implementation. Next, let’s look into the importance of stateful awareness and how to implement MQTT. Best Practice #3: Use MQTT’s Built-In Stateful Awareness With its low-bandwidth publish-subscribe methodology and TLS security, MQTT has proven to be a formidable IIoT communication protocol. Another feature that is critical to your IIoT infrastructure is the stateful awareness that is built into MQTT. Stateful Awareness is Important for IIoT Stateful awareness is important for SCADA systems, especially for remote installations. Knowing the health of the device and the network connection helps to mitigate any downtime and ensures data is being shared with all levels of an organization. By having stateful awareness, data becomes more stable, reliable, and contextual. Most enterprises still depend on legacy poll-response communication protocols to be able to know the state of the network connection between devices and the SCADA system. Unfortunately, devices must be polled frequently to determine whether or not a network connection is good, which can put a strain on the system. Stateful Awareness is Built Into MQTT MQTT has stateful awareness built-in and it is the only stateful architecture available. It is designed with a “last will and testament”: if the device stops working and falls off the network, then the MQTT server will publish a “death certificate” and the device will be marked as being unable to publish data. On a larger scale, with thousands of devices connected to the MQTT server, it is important to know within seconds the state of each device: whether it is online and ready to publish data or if it is unavailable. Let’s say that you’re using the Ignition platform with an MQTT server and an MQTT client. When a device connects to an MQTT server, it registers its state and then it registers its last will and testament. Ignition and the MQTT client will know that the devices are online and will deliver information if and when it changes. In the event of hardware failure or environmental issue, the MQTT server will publish the fact that the device is no longer available. In Ignition, those tags are represented as stale data and the device is marked as unavailable. When the device comes back online, it republishes its birth certificate. The MQTT client knows that the device is available, and Ignition shows the updated tags and the device’s availability. Stateful Awareness Improves Processes Stateful awareness is a subtle but powerful feature of MQTT. There are many MQTT implementations that are stateless, but for SCADA implementations, stateful awareness is essential. MQTT uses reporting by exception (RBE), which is made possible by stateful awareness. Data is only sent when there are changes to the state of the device or when data values change, which reduces the amount of useless data taking up bandwidth resources. Knowing the device state is valuable since it helps to provide context to the data. Operators, especially, can keep track of devices and quickly pinpoint any trouble spots without having to send a technician out to a location to verify an issue. On the organizational level, data can be verified to be up-to-date and accurate. 3 Ways to Implement MQTT Now that we have established that MQTT is the ideal communications protocol for your IIoT system, our next step is to look at ways to start implementing MQTT. There are three main strategies to transition your SCADA system over to MQTT: converting existing devices to MQTT, enabling existing devices to communicate with MQTT platforms, and embedding MQTT directly onto devices. The first strategy is to convert legacy devices to use MQTT. An edge-of-network device is designed to communicate with legacy devices using their native protocol. The edge gateway then connects directly to an MQTT server. The poll-response is moved to the local level, and data is converted to MQTT and published to an MQTT server. This strategy is ideal for current installations using legacy equipment and traditional poll-response protocols. The second strategy is to enable edge devices to communicate with MQTT platforms using the Sparkplug specification from Cirrus Link Solutions. Cirrus Link provides open-source software, tools, and the Sparkplug reference specification to allow applications, sensors, devices, or gateways to seamlessly integrate with Ignition using the Cirrus Link MQTT modules. The third strategy, which is appropriate for newer installations, is to use devices with MQTT already embedded into them. Manufacturers have begun to offer devices that have the Sparkplug specification enabled, making them ready to install and connect to your MQTT server and to the rest of your IIoT implementation. In this strategy, these edge-of-network devices do not require a separate edge gateway since the MQTT functionality is already built-in. Now that we have established the importance of stateful awareness and how to implement MQTT, we can turn our attention to edge-of-network devices, which act as a bridge between PLCs and the MQTT server or “broker.” This capability makes them a critical component in the MQTT architecture and IIoT infrastructure. Best Practice #4: Implement Redundant Edge Gateways Regardless of whether a location is local or remote, connectivity can pose a major challenge. Local locations tend to rely on hardline connections to transmit data. Remote locations rely on wireless services such as cellular or satellite. In either case, the main communications conduit could potentially fail. As a best practice, especially for mission-critical systems, make sure to integrate failsafes and install redundant edge gateways. Edge Devices and Gateways Edge gateways are a type of edge-of-network device. Edge-of-network devices are a key component in MQTT architectures, providing an entry point into an enterprise core network. Edge devices can include routers, routing switches, integrated access devices (IADs), multiplexers, and a variety of metropolitan-area network (MAN) and wide-area network (WAN) devices. An edge gateway can be thought of as a combination of a router, network box, terminal server, and a network arbitrator. As their name suggests, edge gateways live at the outermost edge of a SCADA system. With an abundance of legacy PLCs and devices still using poll-response communication protocols, edge gateways act as a bridge to connect to these legacy devices, converting them to MQTT, enabling them to communicate to MQTT servers, and allowing enterprise networks to access the data. Make the Edge Gateways Redundant Putting in failsafes is a must for your SCADA transition. The data you’re collecting and sharing is important and any failures can lead to negative effects on your organization. Because edge gateways are critical, adding a redundant edge gateway is a best practice. It is also highly recommended that you add redundancy to your IIoT infrastructure as a whole. Make sure there isn’t a single point of failure that can cripple your operation. You should add redundancy at every point in the system where data is published. Make sure you have edge gateways that are able to communicate via cellular and satellite. Set up multiple MQTT servers and use all available channels to make sure data is available at all times. Always Have Backup Systems Redundancy is crucial for your IIoT implementation, especially when you have installations in remote geographical areas. Having a failsafe ensures your data is safe and available when it is needed the most. If there are system failures, having backup systems ensures smooth operation and minimizes downtime, which could save your organization thousands or millions of dollars. The key to a redundant architecture is to take advantage of multiple communication channels. Having a hardline system is always preferable, but having a wireless backup such as cellular or satellite ensures your system has continual coverage to ensure your valuable data is safe and your system keeps running smoothly. Next, we’ll discuss options for the edge devices, MQTT servers, and MQTT clients in your MQTT architecture. Best Practice #5: Use MQTT Modules in Your Ignition IIoT MQTT is an incredible communications protocol that is ideal for your IIoT infrastructure. Yet, you still need an industrial platform that fully takes advantage of MQTT and brings IIoT together. With Cirrus Link’s MQTT modules, Ignition becomes the ideal IIoT platform. The Cirrus Link MQTT modules leverage Ignition’s rich feature set and superb SQL database capabilities to take existing equipment and systems to create a robust IIoT infrastructure. Depending on your specific needs, be it an edge gateway, an MQTT server, or enabling MQTT functionality, the Cirrus Link MQTT modules and Ignition have you covered. Ignition architectures with MQTT are comprised of several elements: edge devices, MQTT servers, and MQTT clients. Each of these elements plays an important role in your ability to take a legacy system and migrate into a cutting-edge SCADA system. The edge-of-network device is the first important component of the MQTT architecture. Edge devices which include edge gateways (also known as directors) allow you to communicate to legacy devices such as PLCs and RTUs, to collect tag and state data, convert it to MQTT, and publish that data onto an MQTT server. Edge gateways, along with MQTT, allow you to decouple devices from applications, thus improving bandwidth usage. There are four methods for implementing an edge-of-network device. The first method is to use a dedicated edge gateway to bridge legacy devices to new devices or to an MQTT server. The second method is to install a brand-new edge device that natively communicates via MQTT. Several manufacturers are now embedding the Sparkplug specification onto their devices, allowing for direct communication with an MQTT server. The third method is to use the Cirrus Link MQTT Transmission Module on an Ignition server. The MQTT Transmission Module turns the Ignition server into an edge gateway, allowing you to collect and publish edge data to the MQTT server. The fourth method is to use Ignition Edge MQTT, a limited, lightweight Ignition solution that turns touch panels, client terminals, or virtually any embedded PC or field device into an MQTT-enabled edge gateway. The second piece of the architecture is the MQTT server, often called the broker. This is where the message-oriented middleware (MOM) resides. All edge-of-network devices in the MQTT architecture publish MQTT tag and state data to the MQTT server. The MQTT server then enables MQTT clients to securely connect and subscribe to the device’s published data. Since MQTT is an open standard, there are many companies making their own brand of MQTT servers. For example, there’s AWS IoT from Amazon, Azure IoT Hub from Microsoft, and Chariot from Cirrus Link, as well as HiveMQ, CloudMQTT, Red Hat AMQ, and VerneMQ. There are many options to choose from, whether it be a locally hosted or cloud-hosted solution. As a best practice, use the Cirrus Link MQTT Distributor Module for Ignition. The MQTT Distributor Module is launched by the Ignition Gateway and is a small, self-contained MQTT server. It provides you with a complete MOM solution that is best suited for an on-premise MQTT infrastructure with a limited number of edge-of-network devices. The module provides rapid development and is ideal for situations where communications are restricted or costly. It’s designed to simplify and speed up the process of getting a complete MQTT infrastructure going. It’s also very effective at increasing data throughput for high-performance plant-floor solutions. The third piece of the MQTT architecture is the MQTT client, which connects to the MQTT server and subscribes to one or more topics of information, bringing that data right into an application. While there are many MQTT client tools available, it is recommended to use the Cirrus Link MQTT Engine Module for Ignition. The MQTT Engine Module is the key component that enables Ignition to act as a native MQTT citizen. The MQTT Engine allows the Ignition platform to communicate bidirectionally with MQTT-enabled edge-of-network devices via the MQTT server, which can be sent securely all the way down to the device. It takes data from the MQTT server and injects it into industrial SCADA applications. Now that we have covered all the available options, resources, and best practices, it is time to look at how to bring everything together. In the last section, we’ll take a look at the best migration strategy to take when implementing an IIoT infrastructure. Best Practice #6: Follow the Optimal IIoT Migration Strategy Migrating to a new IIoT infrastructure takes time and careful planning. As we discussed in the first best practice, you must approach the migration transition slowly. There are many pieces involved with an IIoT infrastructure and when you factor in the added complexity of a legacy system, you need a slow transition to ensure that downtime is minimized. Many organizations face a Catch-22 when implementing a SCADA infrastructure upgrade. Current SCADA solutions still use the poll-response protocol drivers that are directly connected to field devices over a communications channel or a TCP/ IP network. Because of this, they cannot replace or upgrade the poll-response protocol on the SCADA host until the new protocol is in the field and, vice versa, they cannot upgrade devices until they have a new protocol on the SCADA host. The Best Way to Migrate Your System There is a proven four-step migration strategy that uses Ignition, the MQTT Engine Module, and an edge gateway. The four steps are installing an edge gateway, starting the poll-response with Ignition, enabling MQTT local masters, and switching over to the pure MQTT solution. Step 1: Install and set up an edge gateway, such as an Elecsys Director. The edge gateway acts as a TCP/IP cellular, VSAT, or Ethernet IP endpoint. In this step, you are setting up the edge gateway to communicate with PLCs or edge devices using the poll-response protocol. The edge gateway then connects to an MQTT server using a TCP/IP link and sends collected data via the MQTT protocol. Step 2: Start the conventional poll-response with Ignition by connecting to the internal terminal server and keeping poll-response going. You will enable both the serial and Ethernet connections between Ignition and the field devices using the edge gateway. Step 3: Enable MQTT local masters. Once the conventional poll-response protocols have been enabled, legacy SCADA users can start to see the conventional use of Ignition. You now have a parallel communication system where you can compare values coming in from the conventional poll-response and publish-subscribe of MQTT. Step 4: You are ready to switch over to your pure MQTT solution. Once the organization is happy with the final, pure MQTT infrastructure, you can remove the OPC poll-response components. This will greatly simplify the network topology and leave you with a clean and pure MQTT solution. Furthermore, you now have a plug-and-play SCADA system that is easily scalable and can quickly grow with your organization. Best Practices Recap To recap the best practices for a successful IIoT implementation, we recommend: Planning your strategy and adding to your infrastructure in pieces, giving yourself opportunities to test and make sure everything is working. Choosing MQTT as your IIoT messaging protocol since its feature set is ideal for an IIoT infrastructure. Leveraging stateful awareness to help maintain the health of your IIoT infrastructure. Employing a redundant strategy throughout your solution. Considering Ignition with the Cirrus Link MQTT Engine, Transmission, and Distributor Modules as your IIoT solution. Finally, following the optimal migration strategy to ensure a smooth transition to a new IIoT infrastructure. The best practices discussed in this paper are proven methods for success. Even if you have a legacy system, the solutions we have offered reduce friction and give your organization the resources to move an existing installation into a state-of-the-art IIoT and SCADA solution. The content & opinions in this article are the author’s and do not necessarily represent the views of ManufacturingTomorrow

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2024-04-23T01:25:42Z

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Easily double your traffic from social media. Many businesses are publishing content as a way to build their audiences and increase traffic to their websites. However, they may not be getting everything they could from each piece of content they create. If you are serious about your content, then you also need to be serious about driving as much traffic to it (over social media) as possible. One great way to do this is to share your content on social media more than once. But wait, doesn’t that turn me into a spammer? One aspect of marketing we often forget is that no one notices everything we do. Your social media followers aren’t like RSS subscribers who see and read every post. In fact, sharing more than once probably is an essential part of providing your audience with the value you promised them. If you don’t share your links a few times, they may never see any of your updates. So how can you share your evergreen content multiple times in a way that doesn’t turn you into a spammer? Sure, you can install a plugin that shares your old blog posts (randomly) once every single hour. Or you can be smart about it. This is where Evergreen Content Poster comes into play. Evergreen Content Poster is a must-have WordPress plugin created to help business owners boost their website traffic, grow their social media followers and keep their existing followers engaged by automatically sharing your posts and content from your WordPress website in unlimited different ways to your social media accounts. Places like your LinkedIn company page, your Instagram account, your Twitter account are all supported, to name a few. Our plugin allows you to create as many variations on a single piece of content as you want, so you never have to share the same message twice. If you want to: Ask a question to trigger intrigue for your content Cite a fact from your content Share a quote The possibilities are limitless. Save time in your social media marketing efforts, add the power of having unlimited unique posts sharing your content to your accounts by using Evergreen Content Poster. Who Should Be Using The Evergreen Content Poster Plugin? People with small blogs that are just starting out Large blogs and sites with hundreds of posts Social media and content marketers Business owners that use the power of content marketing to attract new clients Shop owners with a WooCommerce store that want to share their catalogue or products in a unique way to their social following, helping to increase ecommerce sales How Can Evergreen Content Poster Help Me? Evergreen Content Poster is much more than just a WordPress to Facebook, WordPress to Twitter or yet another auto posting plugin. Evergreen Content Poster can be used for many use cases and help many different blogs, sites and webshops to boost social media traffic. We do this by introducing social media automation functionality that doesn’t spam your social accounts with the same old boring messages. In fact, it can act as all of the following in one: A WordPress Social Media Scheduling Plugin With our plugin, you can set a schedule for how often you’d like your old and newer content to share on social media. Set specific times that you want your evergreen content to be pushed to your different social media accounts, or set the number of posts you want to publish every day. Want it even more laid back? Only push content to your Buffer account the moment your Buffer queue is empty. And the best part? There’s no need to mess around with App IDs, authorization tokens or complicated technical steps. Connecting your social media profiles is done in a few clicks through Buffer, taking seconds. In October 2020, we were proud to have been selected as a Partner by Buffer. This ensures continued access to Buffer’s API, meaning that the Evergreen Content Poster will continue to work and continue to improve. A WordPress Social Media Analytics Plugin You can’t improve what you don’t measure! Are you tired of manually adding UTM tags to your links to see which posts are performing the best and are resulting in the most traffic? With Evergreen Content Poster, you can automatically include UTM tags in all content shared. Now you can identify which social network is bringing in the most results, straight from your Google Analytics. A WordPress Content Curation Plugin We all know the amount of work that goes into creating a piece of content. And while making the best piece of content, there is, is needed if you want to rank your content. Content creation itself is only half the battle; the rest is gaining notice. That’s why we give you the unique ability to create as many variations on a single post within your WordPress backend as you want. With Evergreen Content Poster you decide which of your content and how your content is shared to which social media channel. What can I do with Evergreen Content Poster Evergreen Content Poster isn’t like every other social media marketing tool. As content marketers ourselves, we know the importance of: - Sustaining and growing traffic to your website - Growing social media following - Keeping your existing social media followers engaged - Promoting and sharing of your evergreen content That’s why, with our plugin, you can automatically share posts from: - WordPress to your Facebook pages - WordPress to your Facebook groups - WordPress to your Instagram Business accounts - WordPress to your X (Twitter) profiles - WordPress to Mastodon profiles - WordPress to your LinkedIn Profile - WordPress to your LinkedIn pages - WordPress to your Pinterest boards - WordPress to Google Business Profiles (previously Google My Business) - WordPress to TikTok Business accounts ([learn how to switch your personal account to a TikTok business account] (https://www.evergreencontentposter.com/support/channel-management/convert-tiktok-personal-to-business-account/)) We’re able to do this using our partnership with Buffer, the leading social sharing tool available. And we’re not just talking about the standard posts from your WordPress website. No, the Evergreen Content Poster, supports ALL content that you can add into your WordPress website and more. The Evergreen Content Poster supports: - WordPress Posts (added straight from the WordPress Post edit screen) - WordPress Pages (added straight from the WordPress Pages edit screen) - Custom Post Types (added straight from the Custom Post Type edit screen) - Products in your WooCommerce store (added straight from each WooCommerce Product edit screen) - Content that lives outside of your WordPress website (which can be added directly into your Evergreen Content Poster content library) The plugin connects your website to Buffer (you will need an account with Buffer at the moment, but no worries, you can use the free plan). After you’ve connected your WordPress website to your Buffer (buffer.com) account, we can then use their API to: - Get the social media profile names and ID’s that are connected in your Buffer account, - Send the content from the content library within the app to one or more of your social media profiles (which content and which profiles you will send posts to depends on the settings in the plugin) Because we’ve created our own API to pass on any request towards Buffer, we will never see or use your login details or password. Simply connect the Evergreen Content Poster to Buffer. You only have to press the Authorize button on the Buffer website when you make the connection (we then get an access token that is stored in your own WordPress installation after this approval) This is all done via our own API to make sure that no private data (such as oAuth client secret keys) are included in this plugin’s code or made public. So to be clear, we never store any information on our API or on our web site during this process. All information is only stored on your WordPress website. Addressed CSRF vulnerability by adding user authentication, nonce verification, and improving access secret handling. Bug fixes and security updates Small security update related to the earlier reported XSS vulnerability on the email address input on the admin settings screen. 🎉 Evergreen Content Poster 1.4.0: Now Tweeting Natively & Welcoming Mastodon Hello WordPress wizards! We’re thrilled to introduce version 1.4.0 of the Evergreen Content Poster, and guess what? It’s packed with features that’ll make your social media dance with joy. 🚀 - Direct Twitter Integration: You asked, and we listened! Now, you can share updates straight to Twitter, sans Buffer. It’s all about making your social sharing as smooth as your morning coffee. ☕️ - Mastodon Support: Joining the herd! With Mastodon now in Buffer’s network galaxy, we’ve tweaked our code to welcome this new, buzzing platform. More reach, more impact! - A Safer Experience: Thanks to the eagle-eyed DoYeon Park (p6rkdoye0n), a sneaky XSS vulnerability was spotted and squashed. Security is our mantra, and we’re sorry for this hiccup. Now, it’s stronger than ever. 🛡️ User Experience Boost - Smoother Onboarding: We’ve jazzed up the onboarding process. It’s more intuitive, more friendly – because we all need a gentle guide in the complex world of social media. 🌟 - Twitter by Any Other Name: We’re sticking to calling it Twitter, for old times’ sake. But who knows? We might jump on the rebranding wagon soon. What’s your take? 🤔 As always, we’re here to make your social media journey a breeze. Update to 1.4.0, and let’s keep the conversation going. Your feedback is the wind beneath our wings! Small copy/translation fixes Small copy/translation fixes Another bug fix release while we’re working on the next big release, oh and we’ve added a new little feature! Not sure if your messages are sent to your social channels? You can now enable notification emails when: - a message has been posted successfully - when a message fails to share on your social media accounts Next, we made under-the-hood improvements for the newly added Google Business Profile (previously Google My Business) and TikTok profile option in Buffer. Right now, both still need to be officially supported in the Buffer API, although you can start to send simple updates to your Google Business Profile via the plugin. This means that all the extra features on Google Business Profiles, like events with a start and stop date, etc., still need to be supported in the API at Buffer. Still, you can already start storing posts in your content library in the plugin correctly with all these extra fields, so the moment the Buffer API supports the extended capabilities, you can start using them. This means just basic updates to your Google Business Profiles, which are already a huge contributor local SEO are now supported. TikTok content is also already fully supported in the plugin for TikTok Business accounts, for storing content. Still, as the Buffer API doesn’t support video yet, to start sending to your TikTok account, you will have to hold off a little bit longer for official support from Buffer. Like Google Business Profiles, though, you can already start adding content for your connected accounts. Instead of some early easter egg hunting, we’ve been on a bug hunting safari lately to improve the overall plugin experience. But we did not set out to go alone in the jungle. We’ve had some tremendous help from Sam from Tantrum Kite Surf, Susan and Victor from Poder Migrante! So what did they find and get fixed in this release? - When trying to send a post immediately upon publication to Instagram, it would not let you save your content - When creating a new account with Buffer and you did not have any social networks connected, the connection to Buffer was okay, but there were no social networks to send your content to. We now display a helpful error message that tells you how to connect your social accounts and get them up and running in the plugin. - When editing existing content in your library, it would lose the new line and line break information. This is now fixed, and we also correctly show the new lines in the content library from now on - During onboarding, when you create your own custom content categories, these would not be taken into account with the automatic schedule creation. This has also been fixed now. - We identified a bug where the «immediately share upon publication» was not working correctly. That has also been fixed. Thank you so much for all your feedback! With your help, we can only make this plugin better and better! Say hello to the Evergreen Content Poster 1.3.4! Or maybe hola would fit better, as this release introduces the translation into yet another language: Spanish! Did you know that the Evergreen Content Poster is already available in 6 languages? If your language is not on the supported list yet and you want to help out, be sure to follow the link from the settings page. Let’s try to make this the most translated plugin in the ecosystem. Oh, and we also fixed a tiny bug that got into the system after our previous release. As always, have a great day! We recently ran a survey across other WordPress plugin developers and users about the importance of having a responsive backend version of your plugin, and although most people only ever seem to work in the WordPress backend from their desktop, we still thought to have a bit of polish through our plugin to make it fully responsive, you know just in case you need it and since we want to become the best plugin out there 😉 We also added a banner, only visible to people using the plugin in a language that the plugin isn’t translated into yet. If you’re one of those people and want the plugin translated into your local language, you now have an easy way to support the localization. Next to that, there is not much to report today. However, we did a lot of underwater code optimizations to make sure that there are absolutely zero notice or other warning errors in your log files, together with some other minor tweaks here and there. You might call it an early spring cleaning! Enjoy this update, and if you’ve got any remarks or feature requests, you know where to find us! The first release of the new year. Thanks a bunch for sharing your feedback and remarks with us, especially Laura from The Grown-Up School and James from Dive Raid. You’ve helped us identify and spot some nasty bugs that prevented the plugin from working properly if you were not using the default table prefix for … - Upload the evergreen-content-posterfolder to the - Activate the Evergreen Content Poster plugin through the ‘Plugins’ menu in WordPress - Configure the plugin by going to the Evergreen Contentmenu that appears in your admin menu on the left - Get yourself a good cup of joe (or tea if you like tea better), sit back and see your traffic increasing. Часто задаваемые вопросы Sharing content on your favourite platforms has never been easier since you can schedule the content from one place and have it shared on all your profiles. At the moment we support the following network: - You can post on Facebook (Pages you manage, and Groups you’re an Administrator of) - You can post on (X) Twitter (natively or using our Buffer connection) - You can post on Mastodon - You can post on LinkedIn (LinkedIn Profiles, and Company Pages you’re an Administrator of) - You can post on Instagram (You can post to your Instagram business accounts using reminders) - You can post on Pinterest (Personal and Business profiles) - You can post to Google Business Profiles Will this plugin slow my website? Absolutely not! Since this plugin is built only to be used in the backend of your WordPress, you won’t notice any difference in speed on the frontend (the place where your visitors are consuming your content) Will you be able to see my password for Buffer? Nope, don’t you worry. We use a system call oAuth to connect your Buffer account with Evergreen Content Poster. This allows you to authorize us to add items to your Buffer queue without the need for a password. If for whatever reason, you want to deactivate the plugin, this connection will automatically be reset. Isn’t the Buffer API retired? No, in October 2020, we’re proud to have been selected as a Partner by Buffer. This ensures continued access to Buffer’s API, meaning that the Evergreen Content Poster will continue to work. Somehow the Evergreen Content Poster isn’t sharing, how can I fix this? If the Evergreen Content Poster does not share posts to social media for your website, then the issue might be with WordPress’ Cron. This can be due to your website not having enough visitors or something is wrong with WordPress Cron such as it being turned off without a replacement. Have a look at this helpful article to help troubleshoot and fix the issue for you. My WordPress installation is not sending any notifications. How can I fix this? WordPress has a built-in feature for sending emails, but unfortunately, that email functionality isn’t always reliable, and a lot of times, emails are being marked as spam or not even arriving in your inbox at all. Thankfully, there is an easy fix to ensure emails are sent reliably and the notification emails from the Evergreen Content Poster end up in your inbox. Please have a look at this helpful article on our support center to troubleshoot and fix WordPress sending emails for your installation. How does the Evergreen Content Poster make money? The Evergreen Content Poster currently doesn’t make any money. This started as a passion project out of frustration with other available tools. If you want to support the development of the app, please consider donating here 🙂 How can I report security bugs? You can report security bugs through the Patchstack Vulnerability Disclosure Program. The Patchstack team help validate, triage and handle any security vulnerabilities. Report a security vulnerability. Участники и разработчики «Evergreen Content Poster — Auto Post and Schedule Your Best Content to Social Media» — проект с открытым исходным кодом. В развитие плагина внесли свой вклад следующие участники:Участники «Evergreen Content Poster — Auto Post and Schedule Your Best Content to Social Media» переведён на 5 языков. Благодарим переводчиков за их работу.

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2024-04-23T01:47:32Z

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Hiring a supervisor isn’t just about filling a position; it’s about finding a leader who can steer your team towards success. It’s a crucial decision that can significantly impact your team’s morale and productivity. You want someone who’s not only skilled but also a perfect fit for your company culture. But where do you start? With so many potential candidates out there, the process might seem overwhelming. Don’t worry, though; you’re about to embark on a journey that, with the right approach, will lead you to the ideal candidate. Let’s dive into the essentials of hiring a supervisor who’ll not only meet but exceed your expectations. - Define the supervisor role clearly: Understand and delineate the responsibilities, skills, and attributes required, emphasizing leadership, communication, problem-solving, and team development as central to steering your team towards success. - Identify key qualities in candidates: Look for leadership skills, effective communication, problem-solving abilities, and a commitment to team development, which are indispensable for a supervisor poised to motivate and guide a team to achieve its highest potential. - Craft a detailed job description and requirements: Go beyond basic duties to detail the skills, experiences, and qualities that align with your company’s culture and goals, ensuring candidates understand the role’s impact and growth opportunities. - Utilize effective advertising and interviews: Market the supervisor position through creative storytelling in your job ads and conduct interviews that delve into candidates’ leadership and problem-solving abilities, ensuring a good fit with your company’s vision and team dynamics. - Conduct thorough background and reference checks: Verify candidates’ qualifications, experience, and leadership style through detailed checks and open-ended inquiries to past referees, ensuring they align with your business’s needs and values. - Welcome and support the new supervisor: Create a welcoming environment and provide a clear onboarding plan with goals, resources, and regular check-ins to integrate them into the team and set them up for success. Defining the role of a supervisor When you’re at the helm of your own ship, steering it towards the uncharted waters of success, it’s vital to have a competent crew. And at the heart of this crew is a supervisor, a role that’s as crucial as it is often misunderstood. So, let’s demystify it. First off, think of a supervisor as the bridge between your vision and the team’s execution. They’re not just overseeing daily tasks; they’re the custodians of your business’s culture and performance standards. This means they need a specific set of skills and attributes: - Leadership: They should inspire and guide, not just manage. - Communication: Clarity in conveying your vision and feedback is non-negotiable. - Problem-solving: The ability to quickly navigate challenges is key. But how does this translate into their daily responsibilities? Essentially, it breaks down into a few key areas: - Team Management: From scheduling to conflict resolution, they ensure your crew sails smoothly. - Performance Monitoring: They keep an eye on both individual and team achievements, ensuring everyone’s rowing in the right direction. - Quality Control: They uphold the standards you’ve set, ensuring every output reflects your business’s excellence. - Training and Development: A great supervisor doesn’t just manage; they mentor, fostering growth and innovation within your team. By clearly defining the role of a supervisor, you’re not just filling a position; you’re investing in your business’s future. Remember, every successful entrepreneur knows that their greatest asset isn’t their product or service—it’s their team. And at the core of this team is a supervisor who not only understands your vision but translates it into action every single day. Identifying the key qualities to look for in a supervisor When you’re on the hunt for a superstar supervisor, knowing what qualities to look for can make all the difference. Leadership skills are at the top of the list. A great supervisor doesn’t just boss people around; they inspire and motivate their team to achieve their highest potential. They know how to rally the troops, especially when deadlines are tight and the pressure is on. Communication skills are equally vital. Your ideal candidate should be as comfortable delivering constructive feedback as they are celebrating team victories. They understand that clear, empathetic communication can resolve conflicts, build trust, and foster an environment where ideas flow freely. Don’t overlook problem-solving abilities. The best supervisors can think on their feet, adapting to challenges with innovative solutions. They’re not flustered by setbacks but see them as opportunities to grow and learn. Lastly, look for someone with a solid track record of team development. They should view their team not just as workers but as individuals with unique talents and aspirations. A supervisor committed to mentoring and developing their team members is investing in the team’s and the company’s future success. - Leadership skills: Motivate and inspire - Communication skills: Clear, constructive, empathetic - Problem-solving abilities: Innovative and adaptable - Team development: Invest in individual growth In a landscape where startups and side-hustles can pivot to success overnight, having a supervisor who embodies these qualities can be a game-changer. As someone who’s navigated the highs and lows of building an online business, you know that the right people, with the right skills, can catapult your venture to new heights. So, as you sift through candidates, keep these key attributes front and center. Creating a job description and requirements When you’re on the hunt for a supervisor who’ll steer your team to success, crafting a precise job description and requirements is your first step. Remember, it’s not just about listing duties; it’s about painting a vivid picture of what success looks like in that role. Start by defining the core responsibilities. These might include overseeing daily operations, developing strategies for better performance, and acting as a bridge between the team and upper management. Think about what you’d want to see if you were stepping into the role yourself. What challenges would excite you? What opportunities for growth could you not pass up? Next, detail the skills and qualifications you deem necessary. While the basics might include a degree in a relevant field or a set amount of experience, don’t shy away from specifying the unique qualities that align with your company’s culture and goals. Do you value creativity and innovation? Say so. Is problem-solving ability paramount? Make it clear. Here’s a simple breakdown to get you started: |Creative Problem Solving |Quality Control Expertise Acknowledge that the right supervisor won’t just fulfill these requirements—they’ll surpass them. They’ll bring fresh ideas to the table, rally their team even in tough times, and continually seek ways to improve. That’s why it’s crucial to also highlight your expectations regarding their ability to mentor and develop team members. Great supervisors don’t just manage; they inspire and nurture talent. Finally, be transparent about what you offer. Talented individuals are drawn to roles that promise growth, recognition, and a positive work environment. Share how your business supports these aspirations. Whether it’s through professional development opportunities, collaborative team projects, or a culture that celebrates innovation, let them know why joining your team is the step forward they’re looking for. Advertising the supervisor position effectively Crafting an effective job advertisement for a supervisor role is more than just listing qualifications; it’s about storytelling. You’re not just looking for anyone; you’re searching for a narrative that aligns with your company’s journey toward success. Think of it as marketing your organization to potential leaders who can steer your team forward. First off, get creative with where you post your job ad. Sure, the usual job boards are a must, but don’t overlook platforms where your ideal candidates might frequent. Online forums and social media groups dedicated to business and leadership could be goldmines. As someone who’s ventured into various side-hustles and online businesses, tapping into these unconventional platforms can often yield surprising results. Here’s a quick rundown on how to make your ad stand out: - Highlight your company’s vision and culture. Candidates should feel the pull of your mission and values. If you’ve cultivated a dynamic, innovative work environment, make that clear. Remember, great supervisors want to be part of something exciting. - Detail the impact they’ll have. Go beyond the day-to-day tasks. Emphasize how their leadership will contribute to both team and company milestones. It’s not just about managing; it’s about making a difference. - Be transparent about growth opportunities. Top talent is always looking to evolve. If your company supports professional development, say so. This is especially crucial in fast-paced sectors where learning and adaptation are key. - Encourage diversity. Express your commitment to a diverse and inclusive workplace. A variety of perspectives not only enriches the workplace but also drives innovation. Creating an effective job advertisement is an art form. It’s your first step in engaging with potential supervisors who can bring fresh energy and perspective to your team. By clearly communicating who you’re looking for and the value they’ll bring (and receive) you’re setting the stage for attracting the kind of leaders who thrive in an environment driven by success and innovation. Conducting effective interviews When you’re about to conduct interviews for a supervisor position, remember, you’re not just looking for someone who can merely fill a role. You’re searching for a leader who will guide your team to new heights. Having been through the grind of setting up an online business, thriving in the startup ecosystem, and juggling various side-hustles, you know that every team member’s contribution is critical. But a supervisor? They’re pivotal. First off, prepare a list of questions that go beyond the resume. Sure, you’ve scanned their work history, educational background, and maybe even checked out their LinkedIn. But now, it’s time to dive deeper. You want to uncover how they think on their feet, how they’ve navigated past challenges, and importantly, how they can inspire and mentor your team. Leadership skills, communication abilities, and a knack for problem-solving should be at the forefront of your inquiry. Consider including scenario-based questions to gauge their responses to real-life situations they might face in your company. Ask them how they’d handle a project running behind schedule or manage a conflict within the team. Their answers will give you a glimpse into their management style and problem-solving capabilities. Remember to also share what you’re bringing to the table. A great supervisor wants to know they’re joining a company that values growth, innovation, and team success. Share your vision for the company’s future, the team dynamics, and how their role is crucial in achieving those goals. Lastly, don’t forget to listen. Really listen. The best insights often come from the pauses, the candid remarks, and the stories they share. These interviews are not just about assessing skills and experience; they’re about discovering a person who resonates with your company’s culture and values. Someone who’s not just looking for a job but is passionate about leading a team towards success, much like you were when you started your own journey. Assessing candidates’ leadership abilities When you’re in the thick of hiring a supervisor for your budding startup or expanding online business, gauging a candidate’s leadership abilities becomes paramount. Remember, a supervisor with effective leadership skills can be the linchpin in propelling your team to new heights. So, here’s how to peel back the layers and see if your candidates truly have what it takes. First off, consider their past leadership roles, no matter the scale. Leadership isn’t confined to job titles; it’s about impact. Did they lead a project, mentor junior staff, or volunteer in leadership roles outside work? These experiences can offer rich insights into their leadership style and capabilities. Ask for specific examples where they made a significant impact, and listen for stories where they’ve navigated challenges, fostered team development, or driven positive changes. Next, dive into their approach to Conflict Resolution and Team Motivation. These are the crucibles that truly test a leader’s mettle. Present hypothetical scenarios related to your business and ask how they would handle them. Look for answers that highlight empathy, creativity, and decisiveness. A good leader knows how to turn conflict into collaboration and can motivate a team towards common goals even when the going gets tough. Furthermore, don’t overlook their commitment to personal and professional development, both their own and their team’s. Inquire about the last book they read on leadership, the latest industry trends they’re excited about, or how they plan to foster growth within their team. Leaders who are learners and enablers tend to cultivate innovative, resilient teams. Remember, assessing a candidate’s leadership abilities is more art than science. It’s about connecting the dots between their past experiences, their strategies for handling challenges, and their vision for nurturing talent. This approach will help you find a supervisor who’s not just a manager but a true leader, ready to charge ahead and elevate your business to the next level. Checking references and conducting background checks After narrowing down your list of potential supervisors through rigorous interviews and evaluations of their leadership skills, the next vital step is to conduct thorough background checks and reference checks. This step is not just a formality; it’s a critical part of ensuring that you’re bringing the right person into your team. First off, you need to check references effectively. While it might seem straightforward, there’s an art to extracting the most useful information from a reference. Start by asking for references from people who’ve directly observed the candidate’s leadership in action, not just any professional acquaintance. When you’re on the call with a reference, ask open-ended questions about the candidate’s responsibilities, leadership style, and how they handle challenges. For example, questions like “Can you tell me about a time when [candidate] had to navigate a challenging situation?” can provide deep insights into the candidate’s problem-solving and interpersonal skills. Moving on to background checks, this step is about verifying the factual information the candidate has provided and ensuring there are no red flags. Background checks can include criminal history, education verification, and employment history. Some industries might require more specific checks, such as credit scores or driving records, depending on the job duties of the supervisor role. |Type of Check |Ensures no legal issues that could pose risks |Confirms degrees and certifications claimed |Verifies past job titles, responsibilities, and durations Remember, transparency is key. Make sure to inform candidates upfront that these checks are part of the hiring process. Most importantly, stay compliant with employment laws and regulations, which can vary widely by location. Thus, conducting detailed reference and background checks not only protects your business but also reinforces your commitment to building a team of trustworthy, competent leaders. And in today’s competitive business world, where every decision can impact your success, skipping this step is a risk you can’t afford to take. Making the final decision and extending the offer After conducting thorough background and reference checks on your top candidates for the supervisor role, you’re now at the pivotal moment of making the final decision and extending the job offer. This stage requires a blend of intuition and strategy, leveraging both the quantitative data you’ve gathered and the qualitative impressions you’ve formed throughout the interview process. Start by reflecting on your business needs and the dynamics of your current team. The right supervisor should not only have the skills and experience necessary for the role but also fit well within your company culture. They should complement the strengths and weaknesses of your team, fostering a balanced and productive environment. Compare your candidates by laying out their pros and cons side by side. Consider creating a scoring system based on key competencies and attributes you’re looking for. This structured approach helps in making an objective decision, yet don’t underestimate the value of your gut feeling. Sometimes, the best choice is the one that feels right, even if it’s not the most obvious one on paper. When extending the offer, emphasize the value they would bring to the team and how you see their potential unfolding within your company. Be transparent about the salary, benefits, and any negotiable aspects of the offer. Remember, this stage is not just about you selecting them but also about them choosing to commit to your vision and business. Throughout this process, keep communication clear and timely. If you’ve promised to get back to candidates by a certain date, make sure you do so. This not only reflects well on your business’s professionalism but also builds respect between you and the candidates, regardless of the outcome. Finally, consider the onboarding process. Once the offer is accepted, plan how you will integrate your new supervisor into the team. This might include mentorship programs, training, or team-building activities. The goal is to ensure a smooth transition that empowers your new hire to hit the ground running and lead with confidence. Welcoming the new supervisor and setting them up for success Jumping from finalizing the selection process to welcoming your new supervisor onboard might seem like a big leap, but it’s really all about bridging that gap with a solid plan. Your journey from a bootstrapping entrepreneur to a successful online business owner has taught you that setting the right tone from the get-go can make all the difference. First things first, it’s paramount to create a welcoming environment. Remember how you felt on your first day of launching that online venture? Your new supervisor is likely feeling a blend of excitement and nerves, too. So, kick things off by planning an introductory meeting or a small welcome event. This shouldn’t just be a formality; use it as a platform to integrate them into the team and the company’s culture. Effective communication is your next golden ticket. Draft a clear 30-60-90 day plan that outlines key objectives and expectations. This shouldn’t feel like a checklist but more like a roadmap to victory. Empowering them with the right tools and resources from day one is crucial. Remember, the goal is to set them up for success, just like you’d want for any of your passion-driven side-hustles. Mentorship is an underrated aspect of welcoming a new supervisor. Pair them with a seasoned employee or even consider taking them under your wing. Sharing insights and experiences can tremendously ease their transition into their role. It doesn’t stop there; fostering a culture of open feedback and continuous learning is vital. Encourage them to voice their ideas and questions. This open dialogue will not only propel their growth but also evolve your business in ways you might not have predicted. Lastly, don’t forget to check in regularly. These touchpoints are crucial to understanding their challenges and accomplishments. It reinforces the idea that they’re not just filling a role; they’re an integral part of the team’s and the company’s journey forward. Hiring the right supervisor is a critical step in ensuring your team’s success and maintaining a positive work environment. By carefully evaluating each candidate’s background and how well they align with your company culture, you’re setting the stage for a fruitful partnership. Remember, it’s not just about the skills on paper but also about finding someone who complements your team’s dynamics and shares your vision for growth. Once you’ve made your choice, clear communication and a structured onboarding process will help your new supervisor hit the ground running. Welcome them with open arms, provide the support they need, and watch as they become an integral part of your team’s journey. Here’s to finding the perfect match for your team and to the exciting times ahead! Frequently Asked Questions What is the importance of conducting background checks when hiring a supervisor? Background checks are vital to verify a candidate’s honesty, integrity, and suitability for the position. They help ensure the individual does not have a history that could be harmful to the business or its employees. Why is it important to comply with employment laws during the hiring process? Complying with employment laws and regulations ensures the hiring process is fair and does not discriminate against any candidates. It protects the company from legal disputes and fosters a reputation of integrity and fairness. How can I make the final decision when choosing a candidate? Consider creating a scoring system based on key competencies and attributes, compare candidates with a pros and cons list, and trust your gut feeling. This approach balances objective criteria with your intuition about who will fit best within the team and company culture. What should be emphasized when extending a job offer? When extending an offer, highlight the value the candidate will bring to the team and be transparent about salary, benefits, and negotiable aspects. Clear and timely communication is crucial to show respect and keep the candidate engaged. How can I ensure a smooth transition for the new supervisor? Plan a structured onboarding process, set clear expectations, and provide resources and support for the new supervisor. Fostering an environment of open feedback, continuous learning, and regular check-ins can also help ensure a successful transition. How do you welcome a new supervisor and set them up for success? Create a welcoming environment, offer mentorship, ensure effective communication, and provide a clear plan for their role. Encouraging a culture of open feedback and continuous learning and regularly checking in can help the new supervisor adjust and thrive in their position.

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In the fast-paced, bustling world we live in, it can be easy for women to neglect their own physical well-being amidst the demands of daily life. However, it is crucial to remember that prioritizing our health and fitness is not only beneficial for our physical and mental well-being but also empowering in ways we never thought possible. By embarking on a fitness journey, we have the opportunity to unleash our potential, break barriers, and redefine our limits. But how can we embark on this transformative journey? How can we carve out the time, motivation, and strategies needed to achieve our desired level of fitness? These questions may seem overwhelming, but with the right mindset and determination, anything is possible. Revolutionize Your Health & Lifestyle! Dive into the world of Ketogenic Diet. Learn how to lose weight effectively while enjoying your meals. It's not just a diet; it's a lifestyle change.Learn More In this article, we will explore powerful strategies tailored specifically for women who are ready to step into the gym and conquer their fitness goals. From harnessing the strength of our minds to establishing a supportive network of like-minded individuals, we will delve into the tried-and-true techniques that pave the way towards success. So, buckle up and get ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery, growth, and resilience – the gym awaits you! Why Goal Setting is Essential for Women in the Gym Understanding the significance of setting objectives is crucial for female gym enthusiasts as it is that vital foundation which propels them toward success. The process of charting a course and working towards tangible achievements creates a powerful framework that empowers women in their fitness journey. By outlining clear aspirations and establishing a roadmap to reach them, women can maximize their potential, cultivate discipline, and foster a positive mindset. In this section, we will explore ways to enhance your drive and enthusiasm to reach your fitness goals, without specifically focusing on the process of setting goals and achieving them. It is important to ignite a spark within yourself to stay motivated and committed to your gym routine, staying dedicated to improving your physical well-being. Find your inner fire and unleash your potential by incorporating various motivational strategies into your fitness journey. Discover the power of positive self-talk, where you consciously replace negative thoughts with uplifting and encouraging words. Encourage and affirm yourself, believing in your abilities to overcome challenges and push beyond your limits. Another powerful technique is visualizing your success. Imagine yourself achieving your desired results, envisioning how it would feel and look. Visualizing success can help you cultivate a strong mindset and provide a constant reminder of why you started and what you aspire to achieve. Surround yourself with like-minded individuals who share similar goals and values, as they can provide invaluable support and inspiration. Building a community of supportive friends or joining fitness groups can greatly enhance your motivation and make your journey more enjoyable. Additionally, explore the power of rewards and celebrations. Treat yourself for reaching milestones or completing certain fitness challenges. Rewards can range from indulging in your favorite healthy meal, buying new workout gear, or even taking a day off to rest and recharge. Small treats and celebrations are essential in maintaining motivation and providing a sense of accomplishment along the way. Remember, motivation is a fuel that propels you forward on your fitness journey. Find what drives you, whether it’s the desire to become stronger, improve your overall health and well-being, or simply feel confident in your own skin. Embrace these motivation boosters, and let them guide you towards success in the gym and beyond. Clear Focus and Direction In the pursuit of fitness goals, it is vital for women to have a clear focus and direction. A clear focus means having a strong and unwavering determination towards achieving desired outcomes, while direction refers to the path or strategy one follows to reach those goals. These qualities are essential for women in the gym as they navigate their fitness journey. Having a clear focus allows women to set their sights on what they want to achieve, helping them push through challenges and stay motivated. It provides a sense of purpose and enables them to make informed decisions about their workouts, nutrition, and overall approach to fitness. By eliminating distractions and honing in on their goals, women can maximize their efforts and achieve remarkable results. Furthermore, having a clear direction provides women in the gym with a roadmap to success. It involves setting specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals and outlining the steps needed to reach them. Whether it’s improving strength, losing weight, or increasing flexibility, having a well-defined plan of action enables women to track their progress and make necessary adjustments along the way. Another aspect of clear direction is the ability to seek guidance and support from professionals or experienced individuals. It is important for women to surround themselves with trainers, coaches, or mentors who can provide expert advice and accountability. This helps ensure that their efforts are aligned with their goals and that they are consistently moving in the right direction. |Benefits of Clear Focus and Direction |1. Enhanced motivation and determination |2. Informed decision-making |3. Maximized efforts and results |4. Goal tracking and adjustment |5. Guidance and support from experts In summary, a clear focus and direction are crucial for women in the gym to set and achieve their fitness goals. It empowers them to stay motivated, make informed decisions, and follow a well-defined plan of action. With enhanced determination, tracking of progress, and support from professionals, women can navigate their fitness journey effectively and attain remarkable results. Effective Steps to Setting Goals in the Gym When it comes to maximizing your gym experience, it is important to set clear objectives and work towards achieving them. By establishing effective steps to setting goals in the gym, you can create a roadmap for success and track your progress along the way. Here are some practical strategies to help you set and accomplish your fitness goals: - Define your aspirations: Begin by determining what you want to achieve in the gym. Whether it’s gaining strength, improving endurance, or losing weight, having a clear understanding of your goals will provide you with direction and motivation. - Break it down: Breaking your goals into smaller, attainable milestones can make them more manageable and less overwhelming. Focus on short-term objectives that contribute to your long-term fitness aspirations. - Create a timeline: Establishing a timeline for each milestone will help you stay on track and ensure that you are making progress. Set realistic deadlines that challenge you without being overly demanding. - Track your progress: Keep a record of your workouts, measurements, and any other relevant data that allows you to monitor your progress. Regularly reviewing this information will help you stay motivated and adjust your approach if needed. - Stay accountable: Find a gym buddy or join a fitness community to hold yourself accountable. Sharing your goals with others and having someone to check in with can provide support and encouragement throughout your journey. - Adjust as necessary: Be open to adjusting your goals and strategies as you progress. As you gain experience and knowledge, you may find that what once seemed important has shifted. Flexibility is key to continued growth and success. - Celebrate milestones: Recognize and celebrate your achievements along the way. Acknowledging your progress and rewarding yourself can provide a sense of accomplishment and motivate you to keep pushing towards your ultimate objectives. By following these effective steps to setting goals in the gym, you can establish a clear roadmap to success. Remember to stay committed, stay focused, and stay dedicated to your journey. With the right mindset and strategies, you will be well on your way to achieving your fitness goals! Assess Your Current Fitness Level Understanding where you are in terms of fitness is crucial when embarking on a journey towards your goals in the gym. Evaluating your current fitness level allows you to set a baseline measurement, establish realistic objectives, and track your progress effectively. Step 1: Self-reflection Begin by reflecting on your current state of fitness and your overall health. Consider factors such as your endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition. Assess how frequently you engage in physical activity and the intensity level of your workouts. This self-reflection will help you better understand where you currently stand and identify areas that need improvement. Example: Evaluate your endurance by assessing how long you can sustain cardiovascular activities like running, swimming, or biking without feeling fatigued. Step 2: Fitness assessments Utilize fitness assessment tools and techniques to obtain a more comprehensive evaluation. These assessments can include measuring body fat percentage, assessing cardiovascular endurance, testing muscular strength and flexibility, and evaluating functional movement patterns. Conducting these tests will give you a clearer picture of your strengths and weaknesses and guide you in setting specific fitness goals. Example: Calculate your body fat percentage using skinfold calipers or bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine your body composition. Step 3: Seek professional guidance If you are unsure of how to assess your fitness level accurately, consider seeking guidance from a fitness professional. They can provide expert advice and conduct assessments that are tailored to your needs. With their expertise, you can gain valuable insights and ensure that you gather the most accurate information about your current fitness level. Example: Consult with a personal trainer who can perform a movement analysis to evaluate your functional movement patterns and identify any imbalances or limitations. Assessing your current fitness level is the first step towards achieving your goals effectively. By understanding where you currently stand and identifying areas for improvement, you can develop a personalized and targeted fitness plan that will help you progress towards your desired outcomes in the gym. Define Specific and Realistic Goals When starting your fitness journey, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of what you want to achieve. Setting specific and realistic goals is key to your success in the gym. These goals serve as a roadmap that will guide you through your training and keep you motivated along the way. To define specific goals, you need to have a clear vision of what you want to accomplish. Instead of using vague terms like getting in shape or losing weight, try to be more precise. For example, you might aim to run a 5k race, increase your bench press by 20 pounds, or fit into a specific dress size. By setting specific goals, you can create a clear target to aim for and measure your progress against. While having ambitious goals can be motivating, it is also essential to ensure they are realistic. Consider factors such as your current fitness level, lifestyle, and time commitment. Setting unrealistic goals can lead to frustration and disappointment, which might demotivate you in the long run. It is better to set smaller, attainable goals that you can accomplish and build upon over time. By making your goals realistic, you increase the likelihood of success and maintain your motivation throughout your fitness journey. - Break down your larger goals into smaller, manageable milestones. This approach helps you stay focused and gives you a sense of accomplishment as you work towards your larger objective. - Keep track of your progress by recording your workouts, measurements, or achievements regularly. This practice allows you to see how far you have come and identify areas where you may need to adjust your efforts. - Stay flexible and adapt your goals as needed. Life is unpredictable, and circumstances may change. Being adaptable and adjusting your goals allows you to stay on track even when faced with challenges. - Celebrate your achievements along the way. Recognize and reward yourself for reaching milestones, no matter how small they may seem. This positive reinforcement will boost your motivation and keep you inspired to continue striving for success. By defining specific and realistic goals, you set yourself up for success in the gym. Remember to be clear about what you want to achieve, break down your goals into manageable steps, and celebrate your progress along the way. With these strategies, you can stay motivated and focused on accomplishing your fitness goals. Break It Down into Smaller Milestones Dividing your fitness journey into smaller milestones can greatly contribute to your success in the gym. By breaking down your goals into manageable and achievable steps, you can stay motivated and track your progress more effectively. This section explores the importance of setting smaller milestones and provides strategies to help you reach them. Focus on Incremental Progress: Instead of solely focusing on the end result, concentrate on the small victories along the way. Acknowledge each step you take towards your goal, no matter how small it may seem. This approach allows you to celebrate your accomplishments and stay motivated to push yourself further. Use visualization techniques to imagine yourself achieving each milestone. Picture yourself lifting heavier weights, running faster, or mastering difficult exercises. Visualizing success can help build confidence, enhance mental strength, and fuel your determination to persevere. Create a Plan: To ensure steady progress, create a detailed plan that outlines the steps you need to take to reach each milestone. Break your goals into smaller, specific tasks and assign a timeline to each one. Planning ahead enables you to stay organized and clearly understand the path you need to follow. Track Your Progress: Maintain a journal or use tracking apps to monitor your achievements. Keep a record of your workout sessions, weights lifted, and cardio durations. Tracking your progress not only provides a tangible overview of how far you’ve come but also helps you identify areas where you may need to readjust your efforts. As you reach each milestone, celebrate your accomplishments by rewarding yourself. Treat yourself to something you enjoy or indulge in a small reward for your hard work. This positive reinforcement can keep you motivated, boost your self-confidence, and help you stay committed to the next set of milestones. By breaking down your fitness goals into smaller milestones, you can simplify the path to your ultimate objective. Embrace the power of incremental progress, visualize success, plan ahead, track your progress, and reward yourself to stay motivated and focused in the gym. Strategies for Achieving Your Gym Goals Empowering Approaches to Realize Your Fitness Aspirations When it comes to realizing your gym goals, an array of effective strategies can propel you towards success. By implementing these approaches, you can maximize your efforts, boost your motivation, and embrace a transformative fitness journey. Here are some empowering strategies to help you achieve your desired results in the gym. 1. Define Your Objectives: Begin by clearly defining what you aim to accomplish at the gym. Whether it’s improving strength, increasing endurance, or developing a specific skill, having a well-defined goal can provide focus and clarity during your workouts. 2. Set Realistic and Challenging Targets: While it’s important to set challenging goals that push you outside your comfort zone, ensure they are also realistic and attainable. Setting achievable targets will enable you to stay motivated and track your progress effectively. 3. Create a Comprehensive Workout Plan: Develop a structured workout plan that includes a combination of cardiovascular exercises, strength training, and flexibility workouts. A well-rounded routine will help you improve overall fitness and prevent monotony. 4. Monitor and Track Your Progress: Regularly assess and monitor your progress to determine if you are on track towards achieving your goals. Keep a workout journal or use fitness tracking apps to document your achievements, note any challenges encountered, and make necessary adjustments to your plan. 5. Seek Professional Guidance: Consider working with a personal trainer or fitness expert who can provide personalized guidance and support. They can tailor your workouts to your specific goals, teach proper techniques, and keep you accountable throughout your fitness journey. 6. Stay Consistent and Embrace Challenges: Consistency is key when it comes to reaching your gym goals. Push through setbacks and plateaus, embrace challenges, and maintain a positive mindset. Remember that progress takes time and effort, and by staying committed, you can achieve remarkable results. By implementing these strategies, you can unleash your potential, overcome obstacles, and make steady progress towards achieving your gym goals. Embrace the journey, stay dedicated, and celebrate each milestone along the way. Questions and answers What are some strategies for setting and achieving fitness goals? One strategy is to set specific and measurable goals, such as running a mile in a certain time or increasing the amount of weight lifted. Another strategy is to break down larger goals into smaller, more achievable steps. Additionally, focusing on the process rather than the outcome can help in staying motivated and committed to reaching the goals. Finally, it is important to track progress and adjust goals as needed. How can women effectively set goals in the gym? Women can effectively set goals in the gym by first identifying what they want to achieve. It can be building strength, improving endurance, losing weight, or anything else. Then, it is important to set specific and realistic goals that align with their overall fitness aspirations. Breaking down these goals into smaller milestones and creating a workout plan that targets specific areas or exercises can also be helpful. Additionally, seeking guidance from a trainer or experienced individuals can provide valuable insights and support in goal setting. Are there any strategies specifically beneficial for women in achieving their fitness goals? Yes, there are strategies specifically beneficial for women in achieving their fitness goals. One important strategy is to focus on strength training exercises, as they can help in improving overall strength, toning muscles, and boosting metabolism. Additionally, incorporating exercises that target specific areas of concern, such as glutes or abs, can be helpful. Women can also benefit from finding a supportive workout buddy or participating in group fitness classes to stay motivated and accountable. What role does mindset play in setting and achieving fitness goals? Mindset plays a crucial role in setting and achieving fitness goals. Having a positive and determined mindset is important in staying motivated and committed to the goals. Believing in one’s abilities, embracing challenges as opportunities for growth, and maintaining a resilient attitude in the face of setbacks are all key aspects of a successful mindset. Additionally, cultivating self-compassion and celebrating small victories along the way can contribute to a sustainable and fulfilling fitness journey. How can women overcome obstacles and stay on track in achieving their fitness goals? Women can overcome obstacles and stay on track in achieving their fitness goals by first identifying the specific obstacles they may face, such as lack of time, self-doubt, or external pressures. Then, they can develop strategies to address these obstacles, such as creating a realistic schedule, seeking support from loved ones, or practicing self-care to manage stress. It is also important to remember that setbacks are normal and part of the process, and to focus on progress rather than perfection. What are some powerful strategies that women can use to set and achieve their goals in the gym? There are several strategies that women can use to set and achieve their goals in the gym. First, it’s important to set specific and realistic goals that are measurable. This helps to create a clear path towards success. Second, it’s beneficial to break larger goals into smaller, more manageable milestones, making them easier to achieve. Third, having a well-designed workout plan that includes a variety of exercises and targets different muscle groups is crucial. Fourth, tracking progress regularly by keeping a workout journal or using fitness apps can help to stay motivated and make necessary adjustments. Lastly, finding a support system, such as a workout partner or joining fitness classes, can provide accountability and encouragement. How can setting goals help women in the gym? Setting goals can be extremely beneficial for women in the gym. Firstly, it provides a clear sense of direction and purpose, helping to stay focused and motivated. When goals are well-defined, they provide a roadmap for progress and give a sense of accomplishment when they are achieved. Additionally, setting goals helps to maintain consistency and avoid plateauing in workouts. It also helps to prioritize what is important and allows women to challenge themselves and strive for continuous improvement. Overall, goal-setting provides a sense of empowerment and confidence in one’s abilities. Why is it important for women to have a well-designed workout plan? Having a well-designed workout plan is crucial for women in the gym for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures that workouts are balanced and target different muscle groups, preventing muscular imbalances and reducing the risk of injury. A structured plan also helps to maximize the effectiveness of workouts by incorporating a variety of exercises and intensity levels. Having a plan also provides a sense of direction and clarity, making it easier to stay focused and motivated. Moreover, a well-designed plan can help to track progress and make necessary adjustments, ensuring continued improvement over time. Why should women track their progress regularly in the gym? Tracking progress regularly in the gym is important for women for various reasons. Firstly, it provides a sense of achievement and motivation when progress is visible. Seeing improvements in strength, endurance, or body composition can be highly motivating and helps to build confidence. Regular progress tracking also allows for identifying any setbacks or plateaus, enabling women to make necessary adjustments to their workout routines. Furthermore, tracking progress helps to hold oneself accountable and maintain consistency in workouts. It also provides valuable information for evaluating the effectiveness of the current fitness plan. What are some tips for finding a support system in the gym? Finding a support system in the gym can be highly beneficial for women in achieving their fitness goals. Firstly, consider finding a workout partner who has similar goals and can provide motivation and accountability. Working out with someone else can make the gym experience more enjoyable and create a friendly competitive atmosphere. Additionally, joining fitness classes or group training sessions can help to connect with like-minded individuals and build a supportive community. Don’t hesitate to seek out online communities or forums where women share their fitness journeys and can offer advice and encouragement. Lastly, consider hiring a personal trainer who can provide guidance, expertise, and support throughout the fitness journey.

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In ancient Egypt, the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II marked a period of immense power and grandeur. From his early life and ascension to the throne, to his military campaigns and expansion of the Egyptian Empire, Ramses II left an indelible mark on history. With his strategic military prowess and impressive architectural feats, such as the Great Temples of Abu Simbel, Ramses II solidified his legacy as one of the most influential pharaohs of ancient Egypt. This article delves into the remarkable reign of Ramses II and its lasting impact. - Ramses II was born into a royal family and received a comprehensive education focused on military training, diplomacy, and administrative skills. - He ascended to the throne at the age of 25 and embarked on a series of military campaigns that expanded the Egyptian Empire and secured its borders. - Ramses II’s military strategies, such as equipping his soldiers with advanced weaponry and forming alliances, played a crucial role in his successful conquests. - In addition to his military achievements, Ramses II was also known for his grand architectural projects and diplomatic endeavors, including signing the world’s first recorded peace treaty with the Hittites. Early Life and Ascension to the Throne During his early life, Pharaoh Ramses II frequently demonstrated his leadership qualities, which eventually led to his ascension to the throne. Born in 1303 BC, Ramses II was the son of Seti I and Queen Tuya. From a young age, he was groomed to become a ruler, receiving an education that emphasized military training, diplomacy, and administrative skills. Ramses II’s first taste of leadership came when he was just 14 years old. His father appointed him as the commander of the army, showcasing his trust and confidence in the young prince’s abilities. Under Ramses II’s command, the Egyptian forces successfully repelled invasions from neighboring tribes and secured the borders of the kingdom. As he grew older, Ramses II continued to prove himself as a capable leader. He accompanied his father on military campaigns, gaining invaluable experience and earning the respect of his soldiers. His charisma, intelligence, and strategic thinking impressed those around him, solidifying his position as a natural-born leader. When Seti I passed away, Ramses II ascended to the throne at the age of 25. His reign marked the beginning of a new era in ancient Egypt. With a strong military background and a keen understanding of politics, Ramses II was well-prepared to govern the mighty Egyptian empire. Throughout his long reign of 66 years, Ramses II would go on to become one of the most influential and powerful pharaohs in Egyptian history. His leadership skills and achievements would shape the course of the empire, leaving a lasting legacy that is still celebrated today. Military Campaigns and Expansion of the Egyptian Empire During the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, the Egyptian Empire experienced significant military campaigns and expansion. Ramses II successfully conquered various territories, securing valuable resources for the empire. His strategic military tactics played a crucial role in the expansion and consolidation of Egyptian power, solidifying Ramses II’s legacy as a formidable leader. Conquered Territories and Resources Under the leadership of Pharaoh Ramses II, the Egyptian Empire successfully expanded its territory through strategic military campaigns, acquiring vast conquered territories and abundant resources. Ramses II’s military prowess and strategic genius allowed him to conquer and control numerous territories, ensuring the prosperity and dominance of the Egyptian Empire. The conquered territories brought forth a wealth of resources and treasures, solidifying Egypt’s position as a powerful and wealthy nation. Some of the territories and resources acquired under Ramses II’s reign include: - The rich gold mines of Nubia, providing the empire with a steady supply of precious metals. - The fertile lands of Canaan, enabling Egypt to secure a vital agricultural base and access to trade routes. - The valuable cedar forests of Lebanon, which were essential for the construction of temples and ships. - The strategic stronghold of Kadesh, ensuring Egypt’s control over important trade routes and military dominance in the region. - The vast territories along the eastern Mediterranean coast, granting Egypt control over crucial maritime trade routes and access to valuable goods from distant lands. These conquered territories and resources played a crucial role in sustaining the Egyptian Empire’s power and influence during Ramses II’s reign. Pharaoh’s Military Strategies Pharaoh Ramses II implemented astute military strategies that allowed for the relentless expansion of the Egyptian Empire, solidifying its dominance and territorial control. Through a combination of military campaigns and calculated alliances, Ramses II was able to extend Egypt’s borders and secure valuable resources. He recognized the importance of maintaining a strong army, equipping his soldiers with advanced weaponry and training them in the art of warfare. This ensured the success of his military campaigns and enabled him to conquer and subjugate neighboring territories. One notable example of Ramses II’s military strategy was the Battle of Kadesh, a pivotal conflict between the Egyptians and the Hittites. This battle showcased Ramses II’s tactical brilliance and ability to adapt to changing circumstances, setting the stage for further discussion on his military prowess. The Battle of Kadesh and Ramses II’s Military Strategy The Battle of Kadesh, fought between Ramses II of Egypt and the Hittite Empire, showcased Ramses II’s clever military tactics and strategic planning. Despite facing initial setbacks, Ramses II was able to regroup and launch a counterattack that resulted in a stalemate and eventual peace treaty with the Hittites. This battle not only solidified Ramses II’s reputation as a military leader but also had lasting impacts on the balance of power in the ancient world. Clever Military Tactics Although facing a formidable enemy and challenging circumstances, Ramses II employed clever military tactics during the Battle of Kadesh, showcasing his strategic prowess. Despite being outnumbered and caught off guard, Ramses II utilized a combination of innovative strategies to turn the tide of the battle in his favor. His military tactics included: - Feigning retreat to lure the enemy into a trap. - Utilizing concealed chariots to surprise and overwhelm the enemy. - Employing a rapid cavalry charge to break the enemy’s formation. - Implementing a coordinated infantry assault to exploit weaknesses in the enemy’s defense. - Using his archers to rain down arrows on the enemy, causing chaos and confusion. These clever tactics not only demonstrated Ramses II’s military genius but also ensured his victory in the Battle of Kadesh, solidifying his reputation as a skilled and cunning pharaoh. Impacts on Ancient Egypt Ramses II’s military strategy, combined with the results of the Battle of Kadesh, had a profound impact on the ancient civilization of Egypt. The Battle of Kadesh, fought against the Hittite Empire, showcased Ramses II’s clever tactics and military prowess. Although the battle ended in a stalemate, Ramses II skillfully portrayed it as a great victory, gaining him immense popularity among his subjects. This bolstered his reputation as a powerful and successful leader. Moreover, the battle highlighted the importance of a strong military in maintaining Egypt’s dominance in the region. The military success of Ramses II allowed him to expand Egypt’s borders, ensuring its security and prosperity. The Battle of Kadesh reinforced Ramses II’s position as a mighty pharaoh, setting the stage for the grand monuments and architecture that would come to define his reign. Monuments and Architecture of Ramses II’s Reign Numerous archaeological discoveries have shed light on the grandeur and scale of the monuments and architecture constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II in Ancient Egypt. These remarkable structures stand as a testament to the power and wealth of the pharaoh, as well as the advanced engineering and artistic skills of the ancient Egyptians. Here are five notable examples of the monuments and architecture from Ramses II’s reign: The Great Temple of Abu Simbel: Carved into the mountainside, this temple complex consists of two massive rock-cut temples dedicated to Ramses II and his wife, Queen Nefertari. The colossal statues of Ramses II guarding the entrance are a breathtaking sight. The Ramesseum: This mortuary temple was built by Ramses II to honor himself and the gods. The temple once housed a colossal statue of Ramses II, which is now in ruins, but still impresses visitors with its sheer size. The Temple of Luxor: Located in the heart of Luxor, this temple is a magnificent example of ancient Egyptian architecture. Its grand entrance, towering columns, and intricate carvings depict scenes from Ramses II’s military victories and religious rituals. The Karnak Temple Complex: The largest religious complex ever built, the Karnak Temple Complex was expanded by Ramses II. It features colossal statues, obelisks, and beautifully decorated halls, showcasing the pharaoh’s dedication to the gods. The Mortuary Temple of Queen Nefertari: Built to honor Ramses II’s beloved wife, this temple is a masterpiece of art and architecture. The intricate wall paintings and stunning reliefs depict scenes from the couple’s life and their devotion to the gods. These monuments and architectural wonders not only served as places of worship and commemoration but also symbolized the strength and eternal legacy of Ramses II. Today, they continue to captivate and inspire visitors from around the world, offering a glimpse into the remarkable civilization that once thrived in Ancient Egypt. The Great Temples of Abu Simbel The Great Temples of Abu Simbel, located in southern Egypt, are a remarkable testament to the architectural prowess of ancient Egypt. Carved out of sandstone cliffs during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, these temples stand as a magnificent example of the grandeur and artistic skill of the time. The main temple, dedicated to the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah, and Amun, is an awe-inspiring structure. Its façade is adorned with four colossal statues of Ramses II, seated on his throne, each standing at a height of over 65 feet. These statues serve as guardians, symbolizing the might and power of the pharaoh. The temple itself consists of a series of elaborately decorated halls and chambers, showcasing intricate reliefs depicting scenes from Ramses II’s military campaigns and religious rituals. Adjacent to the main temple is the smaller temple, dedicated to the goddess Hathor and Ramses II’s beloved wife, Queen Nefertari. The façade of this temple features six statues, four of Ramses II and two of Queen Nefertari, each standing at a height of approximately 33 feet. The interior of the temple is equally impressive, with vibrant wall paintings depicting the royal couple participating in religious ceremonies. What makes the Great Temples of Abu Simbel even more remarkable is their relocation in the 1960s. Due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam and the threat of submersion under Lake Nasser, an international effort was made to save these ancient treasures. The entire complex was cut into massive blocks and moved to a higher location, preserving it for future generations. Today, the Great Temples of Abu Simbel continue to attract visitors from around the world, standing as a testament to the architectural genius and cultural significance of ancient Egypt. Their grandeur and beauty serve as a reminder of the power and legacy of Pharaoh Ramses II. Religious and Cultural Influence of Ramses II Pharaoh Ramses II had a significant religious and cultural influence during his reign in ancient Egypt. He was regarded as a divine figure and worshipped by the people. His architectural legacy, particularly the temples he built, showcased his power and influence, leaving a lasting impact on Egyptian culture and society. Divine Status and Worship With his divine status and influential worship, Ramses II left an indelible mark on the religious and cultural landscape of ancient Egypt. His reign as pharaoh brought about a deep reverence for him as a god-like figure. The worship of Ramses II was characterized by grand ceremonies, elaborate rituals, and the construction of magnificent temples dedicated to his honor. The religious and cultural influence of Ramses II can be seen in various aspects of ancient Egyptian society, including: - The depiction of Ramses II as a powerful deity in numerous statues and reliefs. - The organization of religious festivals and processions in his name. - The inclusion of his name and titles in prayers and hymns. - The belief in his role as a divine mediator between the gods and the people. - The integration of his image and symbols into everyday life, such as jewelry and household items. This divine status and worship set the stage for Ramses II’s architectural legacy and the construction of grand temples that celebrated his reign. Architectural Legacy and Temples An architectural legacy and a testament to the religious and cultural influence of Ramses II can be witnessed in the grand temples that were constructed during his reign in ancient Egypt. These temples served as important religious and cultural centers, dedicated to various deities and glorifying the pharaoh’s power and divine status. One notable example is the famous Abu Simbel temple complex, which consists of two massive rock temples carved into a mountainside. The temples feature colossal statues of Ramses II, showcasing his authority and strength. Another remarkable temple is the Ramesseum, located near Thebes, which was built as a mortuary temple for Ramses II. It housed numerous statues and reliefs depicting significant events from his reign. These temples not only served as religious monuments but also symbolized Ramses II’s power and everlasting legacy in ancient Egypt. Royal Family and Succession of Ramses II Having established his powerful reign, Ramses II ensured the continuity of his royal lineage through careful management of his family and succession. As a pharaoh, Ramses II understood the importance of maintaining a strong and stable royal family to secure the future of his dynasty. Here are five key aspects of his family and succession: Marriages and Consorts: Ramses II strategically formed political alliances and solidified diplomatic relations by marrying multiple wives from prominent noble families of Egypt and foreign nations. This allowed him to strengthen his rule and expand his influence. Heirs and Successors: Ramses II appointed his eldest son, Amun-her-khepeshef, as his designated heir. However, he also recognized the importance of having multiple potential successors, ensuring the stability of the throne and preventing any potential power struggles. Family Legacy: Ramses II actively involved his children and grandchildren in the affairs of the state, grooming them for future leadership roles. This not only ensured a smooth transition of power but also helped maintain the prestige and influence of the royal family. Divine Lineage: Ramses II emphasized his divine heritage, portraying himself as the favored son of the gods. This not only enhanced his own legitimacy but also solidified the divine status of his successors. Funerary Practices: Ramses II built grand tombs and mortuary temples for himself and his family members, ensuring their eternal resting places and perpetuating the memory of his lineage. With a carefully managed family and succession plan, Ramses II secured the future of his dynasty and laid the foundation for a prosperous and powerful Egypt. This stability and continuity allowed him to focus on another crucial aspect of his reign – diplomacy and foreign relations. Diplomacy and Foreign Relations Under Ramses II Notably, Ramses II effectively navigated diplomacy and foreign relations through strategic alliances and tactful negotiations. His reign saw Egypt engage in various diplomatic endeavors, seeking to expand its influence and secure its borders. Ramses II understood the importance of maintaining friendly relations with neighboring kingdoms, as well as establishing alliances with powerful nations. Through these diplomatic efforts, he aimed to ensure stability and protect Egypt’s interests. One of Ramses II’s most significant diplomatic achievements was the signing of the world’s first recorded peace treaty with the Hittites in 1258 BC. The treaty, known as the Treaty of Kadesh, ended the long-standing conflict between the two empires and established a lasting peace. This landmark agreement not only secured Egypt’s northern borders but also opened up opportunities for prosperous trade and cultural exchange between the two civilizations. Ramses II also engaged in diplomacy with other neighboring kingdoms, such as the Mitanni, Assyria, and Babylon. By forming alliances and establishing diplomatic ties, he aimed to secure Egypt’s southern borders and protect its trade routes. Through these alliances, Ramses II was able to strengthen Egypt’s position in the region and maintain peace and stability. To provide a visual representation of Ramses II’s diplomatic engagements, the table below highlights some of the key diplomatic relationships during his reign: |Ended conflict, established lasting peace |Secured southern borders, ensured trade |Maintained peace, protected trade routes |Strengthened regional position, cultural exchange Through his diplomatic prowess, Ramses II solidified Egypt’s position as a prominent power in the ancient world. His ability to form strategic alliances and negotiate peaceful agreements allowed Egypt to thrive economically and culturally during his reign. Legacy and Impact of Ramses II’s Rule Although Ramses II’s rule ended over three millennia ago, his legacy and impact on ancient Egypt continue to be felt to this day. His reign as Pharaoh left an indelible mark on the history, culture, and architecture of Egypt. Here are five aspects of Ramses II’s rule that showcase his lasting legacy: Monumental Architecture: Ramses II was known for constructing grand monuments and temples, such as the famous Abu Simbel temples and the Ramesseum. These structures, with their intricate carvings and imposing presence, still stand as a testament to his power and ambition. Military Prowess: Ramses II’s military campaigns expanded the borders of ancient Egypt and ensured its security. His victories, particularly the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites, solidified his reputation as a skilled military strategist and a formidable leader. Cultural Patronage: Ramses II was a patron of the arts and sciences, fostering a flourishing cultural environment during his reign. He supported the construction of numerous statues, obelisks, and tombs, which not only showcased the artistic prowess of ancient Egypt but also preserved its rich history. Religious Influence: Ramses II’s rule had a profound impact on the religious landscape of ancient Egypt. He promoted the worship of Amun-Ra, the chief deity of the Egyptian pantheon, and built temples dedicated to him across the country. This religious devotion helped solidify his divine status among his subjects. Longevity and Endurance: Ramses II’s 66-year reign is a testament to his longevity and enduring impact. His rule spanned multiple generations and left an imprint on the collective memory of the Egyptian people, shaping their identity and sense of national pride. Although Ramses II may have passed into the annals of history, his legacy lives on through the architectural wonders, cultural achievements, and religious practices that continue to captivate and inspire us today. The End of an Era: Ramses II’s Death and Burial After ruling for 66 years, Pharaoh Ramses II’s reign came to an end with his death and subsequent burial. Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, was one of ancient Egypt’s most powerful and long-lasting pharaohs. His death marked the end of an era and left a significant impact on the history of Egypt. Ramses II’s death occurred around 1213 BC, when he was in his nineties. Despite his advanced age, Ramses II had managed to maintain a strong presence as a leader throughout his reign. His death brought about a period of mourning and uncertainty in ancient Egypt, as the country had become accustomed to his firm and prosperous rule. Following his death, Ramses II was given an elaborate burial worthy of a pharaoh of his stature. His body was mummified and placed in a magnificent tomb in the Valley of the Kings, located on the west bank of the Nile River near modern-day Luxor. The tomb, known as KV7, was intricately decorated with scenes from Ramses II’s life, including his victories in battles and his religious rituals. The burial of Ramses II was not a solitary event; it was accompanied by grand funeral processions and elaborate rituals conducted by priests and mourners. The pharaoh’s belongings, including his treasures and possessions, were also buried with him, as it was believed that he would need them in the afterlife. Ramses II’s death and burial marked the end of a remarkable era in ancient Egyptian history. His reign had been characterized by military conquests, architectural achievements, and cultural advancements. The legacy of Ramses II would live on through the monuments and temples he built, as well as the influence he had on subsequent pharaohs and generations to come.

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Greetings serve as cultural bridges, connecting individuals through the shared language of politeness and respect. In the rich tapestry of French culture, the art of saying "Good Evening" is a nuanced and essential social skill. As the sun sets over the picturesque landscapes of France, the choice of greeting becomes more than a mere exchange of words—it becomes a reflection of cultural awareness and courtesy. This article aims to unravel the intricacies of saying "Good Evening" in French, exploring the correct usage and pronunciation of the phrase "Bonsoir." Whether you're planning a trip to the City of Lights, engaging with French colleagues, or simply curious about language nuances, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to navigate the delicate dance of French greetings with finesse. Join us on a linguistic journey through the corridors of French culture, as we delve into the when, where, and how of uttering the evening salutation. From understanding the cultural context to mastering the pronunciation, this article is your passport to seamlessly incorporating "Bonsoir" into your repertoire. Embrace the elegance of French etiquette, and let your evenings be filled with the warmth of perfectly spoken words. A. The Power of Greetings in French Culture French society places great emphasis on the art of greeting. It is not merely a formality but a reflection of respect, social awareness, and an unspoken code of politeness. The French are known for their appreciation of language as an art form, and greetings are no exception. Each phrase carries with it a cultural context that shapes the dynamics of conversations. B. Significance of Saying "Good Evening" Correctly The phrase "Good Evening" in French, or "Bonsoir," is a key player in this linguistic ballet. Its correct usage not only demonstrates your language skills but also showcases your cultural sensitivity. Imagine being at a soirée in Paris or engaging in a business meeting – the appropriate use of "Bonsoir" is your ticket to acceptance and integration. This article seeks to be your guide through the labyrinth of French greetings, with a specific focus on the evening salutation. By the end, you'll not only understand when and where to say "Good Evening" but also how to pronounce it flawlessly. Whether you're a language enthusiast, a traveler, or a professional navigating international waters, mastering this small yet significant phrase will enrich your cross-cultural experiences. In the following sections, we'll delve into the cultural intricacies that underpin the usage of "Bonsoir," explore the correct situations to employ it, dissect its pronunciation, and provide practical examples to ensure you can seamlessly integrate this phrase into your French lexicon. So, let's embark on this linguistic adventure and unravel the secrets of saying "Good Evening" in French with finesse. Understanding Cultural Context A. The Role of Greetings in French Social Interactions In the mosaic of French social interactions, greetings are the first strokes of connection. They set the tone for conversations, influencing the atmosphere and expectations. In French culture, where the appreciation for eloquence is deeply ingrained, greetings are not perfunctory; they are an art form. Each interaction becomes a canvas, and the choice of greeting paints the initial brushstrokes of a conversation. Understanding the role of greetings goes beyond mere linguistic competence; it taps into the cultural consciousness. The French place immense value on politeness, and greetings are a manifestation of this courtesy. "Good Evening" or "Bonsoir" is a gateway to expressing respect, acknowledging others, and creating a positive interaction. B. Importance of Adapting Language Based on Time of Day French language etiquette is attuned to the time of day, and greetings reflect this temporal awareness. "Bonsoir" is not a generic salutation; it is a specific acknowledgment of the evening hours. Recognizing the importance of adapting your language to the time of day demonstrates cultural fluency and a heightened sensitivity to social nuances. The French distinguish between morning (matin), afternoon (après-midi), and evening (soir). As the sun descends, the transition to "Bonsoir" becomes more than a linguistic shift; it mirrors the evolving ambiance of the day. Embracing this temporal awareness is key to seamless integration into French social circles. C. Insights into the Nuances of Politeness in French Culture Politeness is the cornerstone of French social interactions, and greetings encapsulate this principle. The French language provides various forms of greetings, each tailored to specific contexts. "Bonsoir" is a prime example of how language is finely tuned to express politeness. In French culture, being polite is not a mere formality but a demonstration of respect for others. The nuances of politeness extend beyond words to encompass tone, body language, and timing. As we navigate the intricacies of saying "Good Evening" in French, keep in mind that it's not just about the phrase itself; it's about the graciousness and respect embedded in the cultural fabric. By understanding these cultural underpinnings, you'll be better equipped to wield "Bonsoir" with authenticity and finesse. In the next section, we'll delve into the specifics of when to say "Good Evening" in French, unraveling the temporal tapestry that governs this elegant greeting. When to Say "Good Evening" in French A. Distinguishing Between Afternoon and Evening French Time Conventions: In French culture, time is not just a measurement; it's a subtle guide for social interactions. The transition from afternoon to evening is marked by nuanced time conventions. Understanding these conventions is pivotal to discerning the appropriate moment for uttering "Bonsoir." Cultural Considerations for Defining Evening: The definition of evening in French culture extends beyond the clock. It is intertwined with social norms, meal times, and the ebb and flow of daily life. Grasping these cultural considerations ensures that your use of "Bonsoir" aligns seamlessly with the prevailing atmosphere. B. Appropriate Situations for Using "Bonsoir" Formal Occasions: "Bonsoir" is often the preferred greeting for formal evening occasions. Whether attending a gala, a business event, or an official function, using "Bonsoir" adds an air of sophistication and respect to your interactions. Social Gatherings: As the sun sets and friends gather, "Bonsoir" becomes the perfect salutation for social engagements. Its use in these settings signifies a transition from the activities of the day to the more relaxed and convivial atmosphere of the evening. Professional Settings: In professional contexts, adapting your language to the time of day showcases a keen understanding of social nuances. Employ "Bonsoir" during evening meetings or when concluding work-related interactions to convey professionalism and cultural acumen. In navigating the intricacies of when to say "Good Evening" in French, it's essential to be attuned to both the clock and the cultural context. Your ability to discern the appropriate moments for "Bonsoir" will not only showcase your language proficiency but also demonstrate your respect for the temporal rhythms woven into French social life. In the next section, we will delve into the art of pronouncing "Bonsoir," ensuring that your verbal delivery complements the cultural nuances explored thus far. Time of Day The choice between saying "Bonjour" and "Bonsoir" in French is typically based on the time of day, but it can also be influenced by cultural and social norms. Here's a general guideline: - Use "Bonjour" in the morning until around noon (12:00 PM). - It is a standard greeting for the daytime, conveying a wish for a good day. - Use "Bonsoir" in the late afternoon and evening, typically starting around 5:00 PM or when the sun begins to set. - It is a more appropriate greeting as the day transitions into the evening, expressing good wishes for the rest of the day. However, it's essential to consider cultural and social context as well. In some formal or business settings, individuals may continue to use "Bonjour" until later in the day as a matter of politeness. Additionally, in casual or social interactions, people might start using "Bonsoir" earlier, especially during the winter months when evenings darken earlier. Ultimately, being aware of the context and the atmosphere of the situation will guide you in choosing the most appropriate greeting. If in doubt, observing the locals and adapting to their practices is a good strategy. A. Breakdown of the Pronunciation of "Bonsoir" Phonetic Representation: Before delving into the intricacies of pronunciation, let's break down "Bonsoir" phonetically. It is pronounced as "bohn-swahr." Pay attention to the nasalized vowel sound in "bohn" and the soft, almost silent "r" in "swahr." Mimicking these sounds is key to authentic pronunciation. B. Common Mispronunciations and How to Avoid Them Mispronunciation Pitfalls: While "Bonsoir" may seem straightforward, certain pitfalls can lead to mispronunciation. Common errors include emphasizing the "r" too much or neglecting the nasalized quality of the vowels. Tips for Mastery: - Practice Nasalization: Focus on nasalizing the vowel sounds, particularly in "bohn." This distinctive feature is crucial for an authentic French pronunciation. - Soft "R" Sound: Cultivate a soft "r" sound in "swahr." Avoid the tendency to roll or exaggerate the "r," as this can deviate from the elegant French pronunciation. C. Tips for Mastering the French Accent in Greetings Immerse Yourself in French Pronunciation: Regular exposure to French pronunciation, whether through podcasts, language apps, or learning alongside native French tutors, enhances your ear for the language. Familiarity with the French accent contributes to accurate pronunciation. Mouth Shape and Articulation: Pay attention to the shape of your mouth and the articulation of sounds. Mimic the subtle nuances of French pronunciation by observing native speakers and practicing mouth movements. By mastering the pronunciation of "Bonsoir," you not only enhance your linguistic skills but also elevate your ability to engage in meaningful and culturally sensitive conversations. In the following section, we will explore regional variances, acknowledging the diverse linguistic landscapes within the French-speaking world. A. Highlighting Regional Differences in French-Speaking Areas Linguistic Diversity: The French language, rich in history and culture, exhibits regional variations that contribute to its diversity. Different French-speaking regions may have distinct accents, vocabulary, and even variations in greetings. Understanding these nuances is crucial for adapting your language to specific locales. Regional Accents and Pronunciation: French is spoken across the globe, from the bustling streets of Paris to the serene landscapes of Québec. Each region boasts its unique accent and pronunciation quirks. While "Bonsoir" remains a universal greeting, its delivery may vary slightly based on regional accents. B. Local Variations in Pronunciation and Usage French in Europe: In European French-speaking regions, such as France and Belgium, you'll encounter variations in pronunciation influenced by local accents. While the core pronunciation of "Bonsoir" remains consistent, the rhythm and intonation may differ. French in North America: In North American French-speaking areas, like Québec, the pronunciation and usage of "Bonsoir" might showcase distinct characteristics. Regional variations add layers to the linguistic tapestry, creating a fascinating exploration of the language. C. Cultural Insights into Regional Preferences Respecting Regional Sensitivities: When interacting in different French-speaking regions, it's essential to be attuned to regional preferences. While "Bonsoir" is universally understood, adapting to local variations demonstrates cultural sensitivity and respect for regional identity. Embracing Diversity: Rather than viewing regional variances as challenges, embrace them as opportunities to deepen your understanding of the French language. Engage with locals, ask questions, and appreciate the richness that linguistic diversity brings to your language journey. In the next section, we will delve into the intricacies of politeness and etiquette, providing insights into the cultural expectations surrounding the use of "Bonsoir" in various contexts. Understanding the cultural context is key to mastering the art of saying "Good Evening" in French with finesse. In French, there are several alternatives to "Bonsoir," each suited to different times of the day and social contexts. Here are some common greetings and their appropriate usage: Bonjour - Used in the morning and early afternoon. It translates to "Good morning" or "Good day." Salut - A casual and versatile greeting suitable for friends and acquaintances. It can be used throughout the day. Bonne après-midi - Wishing someone a good afternoon, typically used in the early to mid-afternoon. Bonne journée - Wishing someone a good day. This is often used when parting ways during the day. Bonsoir - As discussed, this is a standard greeting for the evening. It's appropriate for more formal or polite situations in the later part of the day. Bonne nuit - Wishing someone a good night, commonly used when saying goodbye in the evening or before going to bed. À bientôt - Meaning "See you soon," it's a friendly and informal way to express the hope of meeting again in the near future. À plus tard - Similar to "À bientôt," it means "See you later" and is used in casual settings. Saluton - An informal and friendly greeting, often used among friends. It's akin to saying "Hi." Coucou - An affectionate and informal greeting, often used among friends or family. It's similar to saying "Hey" or "Hi there." These alternatives provide a range of options for different times of the day and levels of formality, allowing you to choose the most appropriate greeting based on the context of your interaction. Politeness and Etiquette A. Emphasizing the Importance of Politeness in French Greetings Politeness as a Cultural Pillar: Politeness holds a revered place in French culture, permeating daily interactions. Greetings, including "Bonsoir," are not merely linguistic rituals; they are expressions of respect and consideration for others. Understanding the importance of politeness lays the foundation for using the phrase authentically. Greeting Etiquette: Delving into greeting etiquette in French culture reveals a myriad of subtle rules. From the choice of words to the timing of greetings, each element contributes to the overall tone of the interaction. "Bonsoir" signifies more than just an acknowledgment of the evening; it reflects your commitment to upholding polite social norms. B. Etiquette Tips for Using "Bonsoir" Appropriately Matching the Formality of the Occasion: Tailor your use of "Bonsoir" to the formality of the occasion. In formal settings, opt for a dignified and measured delivery, while in casual gatherings, your tone can be more relaxed. Adapting your greeting to the context showcases your awareness of social nuances. Eye Contact and Body Language: Beyond words, politeness is conveyed through non-verbal cues. Maintain appropriate eye contact and adopt open body language when using "Bonsoir." These subtle gestures enhance the sincerity of your greeting and contribute to a positive social exchange. C. Cultural Nuances in Expressing "Good Evening" in Various Contexts Navigating Social Hierarchies: French society places importance on social hierarchies, and greetings play a role in navigating these structures. When addressing individuals in higher positions or older acquaintances, a slightly more formal and respectful tone is advisable. Adapting to Local Customs: Recognize that politeness and etiquette may have regional variations within the French-speaking world. Be open to adapting your approach based on local customs, ensuring that your use of "Bonsoir" aligns with the cultural norms of the specific community. In the upcoming sections, we'll provide practical examples of when to employ "Bonsoir" in real-life scenarios. By mastering the art of polite greetings, you'll not only showcase linguistic prowess but also foster positive and respectful connections in the diverse landscape of French social interactions. "Bonsoir" is not merely a string of syllables; it's a cultural passport, a ticket to meaningful interactions in the diverse tapestry of French-speaking regions. Embracing the significance of greetings in French culture opens doors to authentic connections and enriching experiences. By understanding when to say "Bonsoir," how to pronounce it with finesse, and the nuances of politeness, you've acquired more than linguistic knowledge – you've gained insight into the soul of French communication. Remember, language is a living entity, shaped by the people who speak it and the cultures that nurture it. Whether you find yourself in the vibrant streets of Paris, the historic corners of Québec, or any French-speaking community worldwide, the ability to say "Good Evening" in French is a testament to your respect for local customs and a bridge to deeper connections. As you embark on your journey of mastering French greetings, keep in mind the beauty of diversity within the language. Regional variations, cultural nuances, and the ever-evolving nature of language itself contribute to the richness of the linguistic experience. So, with the knowledge gained from this exploration, venture forth into the world of French greetings armed with confidence and cultural awareness. Let "Bonsoir" be your eloquent companion as you engage in the art of saying "Good Evening" in French, one conversation at a time.

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North Vietnam Food – Ride To Northeastern Lands For An Amazing Discovery While you travel to Northern Vietnam, one of the most exciting activities that you cannot turn away from is seeking to try special North Vietnam foods. If we introduced you to the distinctive features of Northwest Vietnam cuisine in the last article, this one would take you to the world of the tastiest dishes in the Northeast region. Of course, when it comes to places with diverse terrains with highlands, rivers, and seas, all kinds of experiences can be incredible. The borderland of North Vietnam is one such special place where travelers have a chance to discover Northeast Vietnam cuisine with its rustic charm and local uniqueness. One shall find that Northeast Vietnam food is varied in preparing methods and ingredients such as poultry, meat, sweet water, fish, and seafood. Also, the dishes of sticky rice and dumpling are amazingly numerous. Today, together with vietnammotorbiketoursclub, let’s explore the sundry cuisine of this generous land. Northeast Vietnam food – Dishes from meat The diversity of North Vietnam food is greatly contributed by unique dishes made from numerous types of meat, such as chicken and pig, and dug in the Northeastern land. Please scroll down; then, you will find many interesting things. Wild chicken bred and kept on hillsides is a delicate food of the local Northeast people. Other than to serve in ancestral commemorations or to please distinguished visitors, they rarely butcher these little poultries. There are various ways to prepare the chicken, but it is most delicious if boiled, steamed, or grilled over charcoal with herbs like leaves of clause (mac mat) or Indian pepper (mac khen). The chicken exudes a special gamy, sweet scent and shows firm grain, juicy but not soggy meat. It matches best with steamed sweet rice or bamboo stem rice. Together they make both chewing and digesting these dishes much more pleasurable. Carried-under-arm pig – a local speciality Carried-under-arm pig is a particular swine widely kept in the house of Northeast native people. They usually take down these pigs during the Tet festival or other major events. The pigs grow slowly; after a whole year, they reach 25 to 30 kg, ready to be slaughtered. The pigs can be cooked in various styles: assorted on a wicker tray, roasted whole, or grilled with clause leaves and Indian pepper. Try one bite and be amazed by the crunchy skin and firm and succulent meat. It is much tastier and smells superior to the city swine fed with industrial rice bran in lowland areas. The most famous seven-flavor roasted duck in Cao Bang It is the proud dish of the Cao Bang people. The high-quality, fresh duck is dry marinated in seven different mixes of herbs and spices and cooked into seven distinctly different dishes to satisfy all your appetite. Bring a well-prepared empty stomach to accommodate all seven dishes and experience a new flavor explosion for every dish! You’ll grow fond of the amber-brown skin while enjoying the crackling sound as it melts in your mouth. The lust meat is very aromatic and gives long-lasting sweetness on every chew. Dry-aged meat – A special feature in the Northeast Vietnam food culture The people here hang every kind of meat over their kitchen stove for dry aging, whether beef, buffalo, pork, chicken, or sausages. The fragrant smoke from forestland firewood matures the meat and gives it a firm texture and classy flavors. In the past, indigenous people used meat hanging to stock meat for seasonal hard times, especially in Sapa. Recently, its product has caught a trend and become snacks and finger food everywhere. Thang co – a Northeast horse meat specialty The karst plateau of Dong Van is famous for its meticulous horse meat simmering pot- thang co. Horse meat and intestines are chopped into appropriate sizes and put into a pot to simmer with herbs distinct to these mountains: Indian pepper, clausena leaves, ginger, lemongrass, etc. On the high-hanging stony highland, a fuming thang co pot can spice up the cold winter air with its exciting aroma. Sipping down some strong maize wine with a hot bowl of thang co is a way locals banish the cold of mountain winters. A rich fish cuisine of Northeast Vietnam Bong fish salad of Lo river The Bong fish from the Lo river is lean, robust, and savory, and they don’t have the usual unpleasant smell. The fish are carefully selected to ensure only ones of 1.5 to 2 years old come to the kitchen. There they are cleaned and prepared for salad. Diners dip fish fillets in the fish’s processed bone powder and roll them with fragrance herbs and a dash of specially mixed sauce for a beautiful, unique taste. Grilled fish on Ba Be lake Enjoying grilled fish is a key activity for visitors who come to Ba Be lake, and it’s not just because these fish are good. Amidst the vastness of water and skies, angling the lake for a few fish, slide them between bamboo sticks to grill over a fire beside the waterline. A sip of wine brings all the experiences together harmoniously. The fish in Ba Be lake live freely in their natural habitat of cool waters all year round, which is why they are unusually nice and fresh and make the most excellent grill material. Simple yet savoury seafood of the Northeast cuisine Hand pounded squid paste – a distinct taste from Quang Ninh Hand-made squid paste is a delicate specialty of Quang Ninh province. Premium fresh squids were fished from the Tonkin Gulf. They then got pounded along with lean pork, some herbs, and young green rice (cốm) and shaped into palm-sized globs. As the paste is beaten by hand, it is firmer and retains more sweetness than one made with a blender. Squid paste performs excellently in sour rice noodle soup and tastes the best with white rice fried or simmered in tomato sauce. Clam worm paste – a strange yet popular food of Quang Ninh Clam worms are easy to be seen in Quang Ninh’s estuaries. Each year at “clam worm season”, they redden waterways, which urges locals to come to harvest. They have a rather flattened, elongated body. After cleaning, clam worm is mixed with a blend of minced pork, eggs, tangerine peel, herbs, and wood ear, then fried until it gets a delicious golden color. As an exquisite blend of premium ingredients, clam worm paste features a rich flavor and a killer scent. Ngan clam of Quang Ninh Ngan (Austriella corrugata) is a clam not unlike scallop and cockle, albeit larger. Its meat is savory sweet, thick but not chewy, and nourishing. Ngan can be roasted, steamed, or stirred and is always in high demand from visitors. It is one of the famous seafood exclusively available in Quang Ninh. Peanut worm of Quang Ninh The appearance of the peanut worm (Sa sung) can be alarming at first sight. Who would eat these? They look like pink, wobbling earthworms. But Sa sung is high-class seafood, an expensive one (priced at some $170 per kilogram). Sa sung is usually steamed or stir-fried with green onion and some dried peanuts to intensify the scent of the sea. It is surprisingly crunchy, very savory, and said to be good for men’s health. Sticky rice dishes, a staple of Northeastern Vietnam cuisines Steamed sweet rice with ant egg Ant egg is a rare, very notable specialty of Vietnam’s northeast mountainous region. After carefully cleaning, the ant egg is lightly stirred with oil and green onion. It is then quickly mixed into the still steamy sweet rice, so the dish can be served hot. The lush, sweet, buttery mix of sweet rice and ant egg makes for an inviting, tasty dish. Steamed canarium sweet rice – a specialty of the Northeast Canarium tree is widely grown for nuts around the low mountains of the Northeast. But only the black canarium was picked to cook with sweet rice. First, the fruits are steamed to be soft; then, the flesh is extracted and mashed. The pulp is then mixed into cleaned sweet rice and steaming pot. When the steamed rice has become nice and soft, it is added with some hot chicken fat. The rice gets a lush purple from canarium flesh. You will feel elastic and aromatic when putting it into your mouth. Now it would be excellent to have ready some roasted pork to make a pair of finger food suits. Prismatic sweet rice The folks in the north have a special style of making steamed sweet rice in their cuisine. The rice was displayed in five different colored sections: Yellow, white, purple, red, and orange. The colorful rice is used in ceremonial events like Tet, weddings, or funeral receptions. The eye-pleasing, natural hues come from vegetable and fruit extracts that only accrete the distinctive scent of the firm, elastic sweet rice. The dish is then served with meat, minced peanuts, or sesame with salt, which further enriches its taste and flavors. Distinctive cakes and dumplings of Northeast Vietnam Ant egg bun Each year, in April and May, the locals in Cao Bang again stream to the jungle in search of black ant nests for their traditional ant egg buns. Grand sticky rice flour, ant egg, and minced pork are the main ingredients. The egg is fried with pork, green onion, and chive to make the filling. The well-kneaded dough is flattened into 1 cm thick slabs on fig leaves. The filling is then spread on the slab and covered by another layer of dough. The buns are placed in a steaming pot to cook. When served, ant egg buns have a stretchy texture, a beautiful scent and starchy taste of sweet rice, and a savory, rich sensation from the ant egg. This is a special treat that should not be overlooked when you are traveling to the Northeast of Vietnam. Cooc Mo rice dumpling This is a well-known dish of the Tay people. Its name means Bull Horn. It is also shaped in a long cone, like a real horn. The dumplings are made from sweet rice with red peanuts for filler. They are then wrapped in patches of banana leaf or dong leaf and steamed well. Some might find these dumplings rather bland, so a little honey or purified sugar often appears on the tray to remedy that. Lao Khoai bread This food cannot be missing on the Tet holiday of the H’mong people of Northeast highlands. The main ingredient is well-steamed corn flour, shaped into oval slabs 15 to 20 cm long. The slabs were then baked on glowing charcoal. In the process, honey and fat are applied to the exterior, giving the bread an appealing sweetness, richness, and mouth-wetting aroma. Banh gio dumpling Banh gio (literally ash dumpling) is characteristic of the northeast Tay people. The rice is wrapped in broom grass leaves to a triangular or bar shape. The dumping is then boiled and eaten when cooled. It has an amber-like yellow, is a bit transparent, and would require some nectar or sugar to match your appetite. Dong Van egg rice roll Steamed rice roll is the ubiquitous dish everywhere in Vietnam and not just for Dong Van. But the rolls here are uncommonly attractive. They are very soft and smooth. Instead of minced pork and wood ear for filling, they have eggs. And elsewhere, it is served with light fish sauce; here in Dong Van, the dipping sauce is much more delicate. It is clear bone stock with savory additions, crispy fried shallots, and green onion. The role might be cooled, but the dipping sauce is always kept scalding hot. Gac pyramidal rice dumpling The Gac pyramidal rice dumpling is a specialty of Tay and Dao people in the mountainous northeast region. The rice flour is wetted with water pressed from the gac fruit, so the dough has a vivid bright red or orange color. The dumpling has a slightly sweet and creamy flavor of gac and a soft, smooth texture. The filling is rich and savory. Some hot sauce is a perfect complement. Popular fermented dishes of Northeast cuisine Huu Lung roasted nem The nem of Huu Lung is as big as a man’s wrist and is three-span in length. The cook encases sliced pork and other fillers in three layers of banana leaf, which facilitates nem’s fermentation. After carefully fastened, the nem is left to age naturally for three to five days. The whole log is placed on burning charcoal to be roasted on serving. The nem inside exudes a unique, charming fragrance when the hot leaves are unwrapped. This dish is best served with homemade chili sauce. Thanh Son fermented pork – a fine dish of Muong people in Northeast Vietnam Thanh Son fermented pork is a proud dish of the Muong ethnic people. Traditionally, the pork is stuffed in bamboo tubes. But to accommodate the great demand today, it is contained in plastic jars. It is made from Man Pig pork and thinh, a special dried corn powder. The lean part is tough, the skin is crunchy, and all are covered in the delicious tang of thinh. Diners can roll a cluster of fig leaves around a piece of pork, dip it in hot sauce, and taste it. Thanh Son fermented pork has become a popular specialty of Phu Tho and attracts orders from many other provinces. Cassava leaves broth It is a remarkable broth of Phu Tho province. Cassava immature leaves are harvested, squeezed, immersed in a salt solution with bamboo shoots, and left for fermentation. These sour cassava leaves are best cooked with small fish or pork bones if the fishy smell is undesirable. The broth should be well cooked for over one hour. After that, the leaves would be adequately soft with a pleasant tart flavor, the water is savory, and the whole bowl releases a unique scent. The fermented cassava leaves can be stirred with fat crackling and produce a solid vegetable dish. Best places to eat in Northeast Vietnam Phuong Nam Ha Long Restaurant Phuong Nam Ha Long has a large serviceable space designed to be in harmony with nature outside, on the shore of the beautiful Halong Bay. The space inside the restaurant is cool and airy with a remarkable large floor and features a full system of light, sound, and visuals. The restaurant is suitable for tourist groups and has long been a familiar site for events and congregations of Quang Ninh people. The price is always reasonable and depends on customers’ requirements. Phuong Nam Ha Long Restaurant is known for its authentic East Asian cuisine. The excellent seafood in Ha Long is all available on the restaurant’s diverse menu. The best dishes from all three regions of Vietnam can be served here by its seasoned chef. Bac Kan Cay Me Restaurant The vendor serves meals and hotpots at low prices and unquestionable quality. The owner is friendly and can keep conversations flowing with valuable advice. A typical serving for a meal has fried rolls, meat-filled bamboo shoot, beef stirred with pickled veggie, and a woodland vegetable. Song Lo Fish Restaurant in Ha Giang It is a remarkable model of a restaurant, built in imitation of a floating ship on the poetic Lo river. From this fair location, visitors can rest their eyes on the tender Lo river and far away on the Yen Bien bridge, where many couples chose as their romantic meeting place and from where stemmed many young families. The restaurant features 27 tables, and five single, double, and community dining rooms with air coolers. It is an excellent choice for visitors to the province of Ha Giang. Come to the restaurant; guests can enjoy many delicious dishes from fish of the Lo river, prepared in local special methods, such as Hotpot, salad, roasted hemibagrus, sheatfish, sturgeon, sweet water turtle, etc. Green Palm Frond Restaurant in Cao Bang When listing great restaurants in northeast Vietnam, one cannot overlook the Green Palm Frond. It is the ideal place for you to get to know and enjoy the best and most special local dishes. The restaurant excels in serving Cao Bang dishes in their most good taste and presentation. I must say that for sheer enjoyment in the North Vietnam food culture Contact us for more interesting information - Address: 3/7/36 Duy Tan Street, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi City - Mobile: +84 976 024 986 - Email: [email protected] - Website: https://vietnammotorbiketoursclub.com/ Nestled amidst majestic mountain ranges and sprawling primeval forests, Ba Be Lake has long been a precious gem of Vietnamese tourism, captivating visitors with its... Ha Giang is a mountainous province in the northeast of Vietnam, bordering China. The province is home to a diverse population of ethnic groups, including... Vietnam is a country blessed with incredible natural beauty, from its stunning coastlines to its towering mountains and verdant valleys. Among the many breathtaking landscapes...

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Optional Adventure Activities On Antarctica Cruises - What Adventure Activities Are Already Included? - Why Should I Consider More? - Some Important Notes On Adventure Activities In Antarctica - Land-Based Adventure Options - Water-Based Adventure Options - Air-Based Adventure Options - Other Optional Activities - Add-On Activity Costs Simply stepping foot on the ‘Seventh Continent’, Antarctica, and indeed the epic odyssey getting to this fabled icy realm is often ample enough adventure for most visitors. But for those intrepid few who wish to augment their Antarctica cruise experience and take their adventure to the next level, there are a whole host of outstanding add-on adventure activities to consider—outside of the (extra-)ordinary polar pursuits already included on all expeditions—both on land and water and even in the air! On your expedition cruise to Antarctica, we encourage you to make the most of every opportunity to nurture your inner adventurer. In our experience, signing up to one or more adventure activity options can substantially enhance your overall trip, enriching your experience—and understanding—of life at the bottom of the world. Plus, it couldn’t be easier as most options require no prior experience and include all the necessary kits. As the legendary Scott himself remarked before setting out for the South Pole: “We are all adventurers here.” This still rings true today, with everyone who embarks on a contemporary expedition guaranteed to get a healthy dose of adventure thanks to the following archetypal, adventurous activities that form the quintessential experience on any Antarctica cruise: Many come to Antarctica for one thing, and one thing only—the wildlife. The continent and its surrounding sub-Antarctic islands comprise one of the most extraordinary biodiversity hotspots on earth, its protected waters and shores veritably teeming with sea life, with prolific and profound off-ship encounters with waddling penguins, lolling seals, or surfacing cetaceans are all par for the course in this pristine polar domain. Even whilst on ship you can still join the expedition’s expert naturalists and fellow birdwatching enthusiasts at the stern to watch for majestic albatrosses and petrels soaring in the ship’s wake as they make their long journey across the Southern Ocean, or venture to the bow where it’s not uncommon to witness frolicking dolphins. Some ships provide binoculars for your use on board. So much more than a means of transport, Zodiacs—sturdy, inflatable rubber speed boats with separate air compartments that retain buoyancy even if damaged—offer one of the most thrilling activities in Antarctica, their floating forays through the icy waters the ultimate indulgence, bestowing passengers the freedom to explore its shallow coastlines, secluded bays, and search for wildlife in seemingly inaccessible places, putting you front and center of the action. Nothing quite prepares you for being out on water when the engines are cut, listening to raw sounds of nature, the crackling of ice, thundering of glaciers, and cawing of prying penguins. Not only are they an attraction in itself, they are the workhorses of expeditions, the toiling ten-passenger ferries by which all shore programs are facilitated. Specially designed for the environment they operate in, their thick, flat bottoms permit direct landings onto rocky, ice-strewn shores, and their near-unflippable design provides the surest stability even in significant wave action. It won’t save you from getting wet though, so waterproof attire is mandatory! Safely set down ashore, you’ll participate in a packed program of activities led by experts, with an emphasis on guided walks and respectful wildlife viewing. You might visit a raucous penguin rookery, or explore the fascinating remnants of bygone eras, like abandoned whaling villages, historic explorers’ huts, and other compelling archaeological sites. Zodiac cruises (and transportation) are always included in your trip fare, offered to all passengers on all voyages. Although you cannot swim in Antarctica, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t pack your swimsuit. All vessels are scheduled to stop once per voyage for a Polar Plunge, where—with physician on hand and Zodiacs encircling for your safety—brave, willing passengers don their bathers and take their turn jumping or cannon-balling into the icy Antarctic waters for the most breathtaking of baptisms. A time-worn tradition, which may take place onshore or, in many cases, from the gangway, or even a Zodiac, the Polar Plunge is very much a rite of passage into an exclusive club, and no wonder given the sea here doesn’t freeze until -1.8° C (28.7° F) and sunshine is not guaranteed! The Polar Plunge is an optional activity free to anyone brave enough—although your body may have a price to pay! Please note that those with high blood pressure or heart conditions should avoid this activity. The reasons for considering the subsequent additional adventure options are plentiful, but often boil down to your personal motives, from curiosity or kudos, for pleasure or to push yourself to your limits, or maybe it’s more for the bragging rights; precious few people can say they’ve been to Antarctica, but even fewer can tell tales of camping out overnight on the ice, spin a yarn of snowshoeing with penguins, or recount the time a baleen whale breached right beside their kayak. Perhaps it’s all of the above. But whatever your rationale, there are many benefits too, not least the opportunity to gain new perspectives, appreciation, and knowledge exploring this remarkable continent from other viewpoints, but also the chance to do so more intimately as part of a small group. Some even afford you some ‘you time’ alone with Antarctica, away from your fellow passengers, to soak in its unadulterated silence and unique icescapes, a chance to viscerally connect with it at the most profound level. Here are some important things to know about the optional adventure activities offered on Antarctica cruises: - Not all ships, itineraries, or departures offer these activities - There is an additional fee for some activities, while others may be included free of charge - Adventure activities are always optional, and cruise passengers are not under any obligation to partake of them - There is no age limit to any of these activities - Most are accessible to anyone who is physically fit and active, but a moderate level of fitness will allow you to enjoy these activities to the full - In most cases past experience is helpful, but not necessary, although some activities do require prior experience in order to participate - You aren’t limited to just one activity, although some may run concurrently - There may be limited space for some of the more popular activities like kayaking, so it’s always wise to check availability at the time you book your trip - The maximum group size for each activity depends on the activity and ship you choose. Typically kayaking is limited to only 10–14 people, while camping, snowshoeing and hiking groups may be double that - Many activities require pre-booking prior to departure and cannot be chosen once you are already on board - Any essential equipment is usually provided (if not a packing list specific to your chosen activity will be provided to you pre-departure), but supplies and sizes may be limited - All activity guides hold high-level qualifications from national and internationally recognised organizations Hunker down under canvas as the protagonists of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration once did for the preeminent camping experience of your life, pitting yourself—and pitching your tent—against the elements of one most extreme environments on earth. Roll out your sleeping bag and mat and fall asleep in the Antarctic twilight, under the stars of the Southern Sky, the sound of water lapping on the shore and distant rumble of glaciers penetrating your dream-filled slumber, before a magical awakening to the brisk breaking of a new day in Antarctica before your very eyes. Camping groups are typically taken ashore after dinner and return back on board before breakfast the following day. Your ship will have all the camping gear and specialist equipment required to make your overnight stay on the ice as warm and comfortable as possible. All you need to bring is an adventurous attitude and a willingness to try something spectacular and you’ll be rewarded with one of the most unique expedition experiences imaginable. Subject to snow conditions, you may be able to snowshoe or hike a little farther than the rest of the passengers during one or more shore excursions. Mount small bluffs and remote ridges to gain exceptional views of your ship’s anchorage and stunning surrounds, step back in time as you set foot at secluded historic sites, and take in the beauty of this unique polar paradise and its inhabitants. Groups are usually split to match your fitness levels, with easy, moderate, and more demanding walks in the vicinity of landing sites typically possible. This fun activity offers a great way to explore further afield, beyond the scope of standard excursions, and exercise in one of the most unique environments on earth. Normally 2–3 hours in length, no prior experience or equipment is necessary, as rubber boots and snowshoes that fit all boot sizes are available for everyone. Snow conditions for snowshoeing are at their best earlier in the season (Nov – Dec). Many ships don’t charge extra for these activities, but spaces can be limited. For thrill-seekers wishing to try something even more adventurous, ascending the lofty ice-crowned peaks of the Antarctandes, trekking over technical alpine passes, and ice climbing across its crevassed glaciers is the mountaineering experience of a lifetime. Rope up and leave the beaten track behind, and venture deep into the farthest reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula cordillera few have ever laid eyes on for some of the most mind-blowing panoramic views on the planet. Mountaineering is available on a small selection of ships and itineraries, and customarily takes at least half a day. No prior experience is required, but physical fitness to walk for a couple of hours and proper boots are essential, with all other basic gear such as ropes, carabiners, harnesses, helmets, ice axes, and crampons provided. Experience Antarctica as seen by the early polar explorers, following in the tracks of Amundsen and Shackleton before you, as you strap on a pair of XC skis and start “schussing” your way across the Seventh Continent’s epic landscapes of virgin snow. Wherever you may have skied before—and some experience is required—it’s likely it won’t come anywhere close to the experience of cross-country skiing in Antarctica! If you’re ready for some serious cardio work in Antarctica, this may be the perfect activity for you. Ski-mountaineering is perhaps the most adventurous activity available, allowing experienced skiers to combine climbing and skiing in sometimes steep, glaciated, snowy terrain. By definition potentially dangerous, as with the mountaineering activity above, all ascents and descents are led by certified mountain guides who are International Federation of Mountain Guides Association (IFMGA) members for your safety and peace of mind. If you’re looking for more active adventure, and like the idea of experiencing Antarctica from a different perspective, why not jump into a sea kayak? Kayaking allows you to placidly paddle its wild, untamed shores away from the clamor of Zodiac motors, and grants privileged access to Antarctica’s serenity and majesty from the waterline—enchanting wildlife encounters, intimate iceberg serenades, brushes with brash ice, and more—all in startling close-up. Most expedition ships carry a fleet of single- and double-seat kayaks and offer passengers the chance to go out on small group kayaking excursions led by a qualified kayak guide (and accompanied by a Zodiac for your safety) as often as conditions allow. Kayakers are required to be able to get themselves in and out of their kayak to participate, and wetsuits and life vests will be provided. For a truly memorable adventure experience, why not put your balance to the test on one of the newest additions to the polar program, and paddleboard your way through the tranquil bays, protected waters of the Antarctic Peninsula. Surrounded by dramatic scenery on all sides, this is an epic location for stand-up paddleboarding and takes this growing sport to a whole new level. Some prior experience is recommended so that you’ll be comfortable on a board and can enjoy the experience to the full, but otherwise everything else is provided, including a dry suit—just in case you don’t quite manage the standing up part and fall in! This fun activity is currently only available on two Antarctic ships and should be pre-booked to avoid disappointment. Some of Antarctica’s most captivating wildlife spectacles and icescapes lie secretly hidden beneath the waterline, amidst one of the world’s most pristine marine ecosystems. On a small number of ships and on select departures, advanced scuba divers can discover these submerged wonders so long as they have extensive cold-water (below 5 degrees) and dry-suit experience. Scuba tanks, compressors, weights, and other essentials are provided, but divers should bring their own optional gear. If you don’t have the requisite diver certification, experience, or can’t even dive, don’t despair. On select voyages non-divers can also experience Antarctica’s unique underwater world polar snorkeling. Discover for yourself the amazing mobility and speed penguins have when entering (and exiting) the water, watch icebergs descend into the deep, and don’t be surprised if you get a visit from an inquisitive crabeater seal, or witness a humpback whale appearing from the deep! Incredibly on some of the latest (larger) expedition ships, undersea explorations in panoramic submarines are even possible, allowing you to delve deep into polar waters in six-seater yellow pods, replete with 270-degree spherical windows. These seats rotate to provide passengers with uninterrupted, all-encompassing views, as your pilot takes you on a tour of an entirely different world while you learn about the unique marine species of Antarctica and life under the waves. The only way to appreciate the inconceivable scale and grandeur of this great white wilderness—to truly put things in perspective—is to experience Antarctica from above on an aerial adventure by helicopter. The freedom of flight with fill you with unbridled emotion as you gain a breathtaking bird’s-eye view of the White Continent; an indescribably exhilarating, near-cinematographic experience swooping over monumental glaciers or the vast icepack of the Weddel or Ross seas, and sometimes even allowing you to set foot in landscapes and remote wildlife habitats often inaccessible by other means. Helicopter facilities onboard expedition ships are not common. If your chosen vessel does have a helipad, on specific voyages, and with conditions permitting, you may be lucky enough to have the incredible—albeit expensive—opportunity of experiencing a heart-stirring half-hour flight over Antarctica in the company of 3 to 5 other fledgling fliers (depending on the number of seats in the helicopter). Whilst it may not be as adventurous as other options, and doesn’t really fit in the land-, water- or air-based categories due to its more hybrid nature, we thought we’d include participating in a photography workshop to be thorough, as it can be equally as rewarding, if not thrilling, and similarly requires advanced booking due to its popularity. Some voyages offer photo workshops for multiple experience levels led by an onboard photographer. Participants learn about objects, exposures, composition, and basic photography rules both on the ship and off it, and whether you use a DSLR or just an iPhone, a photography guide will be on hand ready with helpful hints on how to get the most out of your camera and capture that perfect polar shot. You might think yoga isn’t that adventurous, but then again you probably haven’t done yoga on a ship, especially whilst at sea! Just joking—your yogi will be well-versed in vessel-related movements and will ensure you stay low to the floor to ensure your safety. For many explorers a trip to Antarctica is an overwhelming sensory experience, and yoga really helps you to take it all in, take a beat and truly appreciate what you’re seeing, hearing, smelling and feeling. What’s more, starting your day with a yoga class on board (classes aren’t held on shore) looking out over the Antarctic Peninsula can be incredibly relaxing and rewarding, and doing some deep stretches is a great way to limber up for the more adventurous activities you’ll be participating in later in the day. Yoga is available on select ships and can be signed up for onboard, so you don’t need to worry about booking it in advance. Some select departures may have other less common workshops, including Acoustic Workshops listening out for the sounds of whales and seals on voyages, Astronomy & Astrophotography Workshops exploring the wonders of the polar skies, allowing guests to practice navigating with a sextant and learn the basics of astrophotography, or Navigational Workshops teaching the history, theory, and practice of land and sea navigation and covering topics on the use of sextants, chart positioning, and GPS functions. Such workshops are usually open and free to all participants but reservations may be required. These optional activities normally carry an additional cost, although some itineraries—especially Basecamp—and certain ships do already include some complimentary activities within the cost of your cruise. For those that aren’t, you can expect to pay anywhere between an extra USD$150 – $2,200 per person, depending on your chosen activity. Camping is usually the least expensive activity as it only happens once per voyage. Most other activities you’ll do more than once during your expedition, for example kayaking is offered most days, conditions permitting, and so tend to cost considerably more. Have you seen an Antarctica activity option or two that piques your interest? If so, get in touch with our specialists today so that they can guide you toward the relevant ships, itineraries and departures that offer them, advise you of their costs, and start building the activities into your planned polar experience to maximize the adventure that awaits you on the White Continent. You May Also Be Interested In Our travel guides are for informational purposes only. While we aim to provide accurate and up-to-date information, Antarctica Cruises makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information in our guides or found by following any link on this site. Antarctica Cruises cannot and will not accept responsibility for any omissions or inaccuracies, or for any consequences arising therefrom, including any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the display or use of this information.

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Yellow birds are common in Oregon in spring and summer when the warblers arrive, but in winter, the Yellow-rumped Warbler and Lesser Goldfinch are the most commonly spotted yellow birds here. This guide will help you identify yellow birds in Oregon that you have spotted by giving you pictures, identification information, song recordings, and when they migrate in and out. Most yellow birds in Oregon are warblers, orioles, or tanagers, and sometimes they are female birds that look very different from the male of their species. Identifying yellow birds will be a lot easier with all the information in this guide. I have listed these yellow birds in the order of which are most commonly spotted in Oregon according to ebird checklists in spring and summer (May and June). Yellow birds in Oregon all year: Yellow-rumped Warbler, Lesser Goldfinch, Western Meadowlark, Evening Grosbeak Yellow birds in Oregon in summer: American Goldfinch, Cedar Waxwing, Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, Western Tanager, Wilson’s Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Western Kingbird, Nashville Warbler, American Redstart Yellow birds in Oregon in winter: Palm Warbler So read on to identify those yellow birds you have spotted. 16 Yellow Birds In Oregon: 1. Yellow-rumped Warbler Yellow-rumped Warblers can be spotted during the breeding season in Oregon, but their numbers increase during the migration in April and October. However, some also stay during winter. They are recorded in 9% of summer checklists, 13% of winter checklists, and up to 40% of checklists during migration. Yellow-rumped Warblers are gray with flashes of yellow on the face, sides, and rump and white in the wings. Females may be slightly brown, and winter birds are paler brown with bright yellow rumps and sides turning bright yellow and gray again in spring. - Setophaga coronata - Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm) - Weight: 0.4-0.5 oz (12-13 g) - Wingspan: 7.5-9.1 in (19-23 cm) Yellow-rumped Warblers breed predominantly in Canada and parts of the Rockies and the Appalachian mountains. They can be seen in the Midwest during migration before overwintering in southern and southwestern US states and the Pacific Coast, and into Mexico and Central America. You can find Yellow-rumped Warblers in coniferous forests, especially during the breeding season. During winter, they can be found in open areas with fruiting shrubs. In summer, they eat mostly insects and on migration, and in winter, they eat mostly fruit, including bayberry and wax myrtle. Yellow-rumped Warbler Song: Nests of Yellow-rumped Warblers are made by females in conifer trees from twigs, pine needles, and grass and lined with soft grass, moss, and hair. They lay up to six eggs which take around two weeks to hatch and a further two weeks to leave the nest. Attract Yellow-rumped Warblers to your backyard with sunflower seeds, suet, raisins, and peanut butter. Fun Fact: Yellow-rumped Warblers form flocks numbering thousands in the winter, and they can be aggressive to any other species getting too close. 2. American Goldfinch American Goldfinches spend the breeding season in western Oregon, but they also remain in the east of the state all year. They are recorded in 22% of summer checklists and 5% of winter checklists for the state. American Goldfinches are popular birds, especially due to the males’ bright yellow and black coloring in spring. The females are duller brown, as are males in winter. - Spinus tristis - Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) - Weight: 0.4-0.7 oz (11-20 g) - Wingspan: 7.5-8.7 in (19-22 cm) American Goldfinches can be found in most of North America and are usually resident all year. However, those that breed in Canada and the Midwest migrate to southern US States for winter. You can find American Goldfinches in weedy fields and overgrown areas foraging for sunflower, thistle, and aster plants. They are also common in suburbs, parks, and backyards. American Goldfinch Song: Nests of American Goldfinches are usually in shrubs and are made from rootlets and plant material woven together and held firm to the branch with spiders’ webs. They lay up to seven eggs which take up to two weeks to hatch and two or two and a half weeks for the young to leave the nest. Attract American Goldfinches to your backyard by planting thistles and milkweed. They will visit most bird feeders and prefer sunflower seed and nyjer seed. Fun Fact: Cowbirds have no luck in getting the American Goldfinch to raise their young as their solely vegetarian diet is no good for cowbird chicks, and they die within a few days. 3. Lesser Goldfinch Lesser Goldfinches spend the breeding season in Oregon, but they have also been spotted here all year. They are recorded in 12% of summer checklists and 10% of winter checklists for the state. Lesser Goldfinches are tiny bright yellow and black songbirds with long pointed wings and short notched tails. Females have olive backs and are more dull yellow underneath. - Spinus psaltria - Length: 3.5-4.3 in (9-11 cm) - Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (8-11.5 g) - Wingspan: 5.9-7.9 in (15-20 cm) Lesser Goldfinches live in the southwestern US states and the West Coast all year, but those that breed in the interior of western US states migrate for winter. You can find Lesser Goldfinch in large flocks in open habitats, including thickets, weedy fields, forest clearings, parks, and gardens. They forage for seeds, especially sunflower seeds, but also fruits from elderberry, coffeeberry, and buds from cottonwoods, willows, sycamores, and alders. Lesser Goldfinch call/Song: Nests of Lesser Goldfinches are usually near streams, hidden in trees and shrubs, and made from bark, leaves, and other plant material held together in a cup shape by spiders’ webs. They lay up to six eggs which take around two weeks to hatch and the same for the young to leave the nest. Attract Lesser Goldfinches to your yard with sunflower seeds and nyjer in tube feeders or platform feeders. Fun Fact: Lesser Goldfinches’ arch rival is the bigger Lawrence’s Goldfinch, and they will chase them away from feeders and nesting areas, but they will mix with other birds. 4. Cedar Waxwing Cedar Waxwings are mainly seen in Oregon during the breeding season, but some also remain here all year. They are recorded in 15% of summer checklists and 2% of winter checklists. Cedar Waxwings are elegant social birds that are pale brown on the head, chest, and crest, which fades to gray on the back and wings, and tail. Their belly is pale yellow, and there is bright yellow on the tip. They have a narrow black mask over their eyes and bright red on the wingtips. - Bombycilla cedrorum - Length: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm) - Weight: 1.1 oz (32 g) - Wingspan: 8.7-11.8 in (22-30 cm) Cedar Waxwings breed in Canada before heading to the southern US, Mexico, and Central America for winter. They are resident all year in northern US states. You can find Cedar Waxwings in berry bushes, woodlands, grassland, in towns, and along streams. They feed mainly on fruit but also eat insects in summer. Cedar Waxwing Call: Nests of Cedar Waxwing are in trees from twigs, grass, hair, and plant material and lined with pine needles and soft grass. They lay up to six eggs which take around twelve days to hatch and a further sixteen or so days for the young to leave the nest. Attract Cedar Waxwings to your backyard try planting native trees and shrubs that have small fruit, such as serviceberry, dogwood, juniper, winterberry, and hawthorn. You can also try fruit on platform feeders. Fun Fact: Cedar Waxwings give gifts when courting a potential mate, which they pass between them. 5. Common Yellowthroat Common Yellowthroats spend the breeding season in Oregon and are mainly spotted from April to October. They appear in 15% of summer checklists. Common Yellowthroats are small songbirds that are brownish on the back and bright yellow underneath, with long tails. The males have black masks across their faces. The brightness of the yellow can vary geographically, and they may be more olive in parts underneath. - Geothlypis trichas - Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) - Weight: 0.3-0.3 oz (9-10 g) - Wingspan: 5.9-7.5 in (15-19 cm) Common Yellowthroats spend the summer breeding over most of North America, except Alaska and northern Canada. Some remain all year along the Gulf Coast and Pacific Southwest. Then, they migrate south for winter. You can find Common Yellowthroats often in marshy or wetland areas and brushy fields living in thick, tangled vegetation. Common Yellowthroat Song: Nests of Common Yellowthroats are built by females near the ground in marshy areas and supported by reeds. The nest is made from grass and sedges supported on a platform of leaves and grass. They lay up to six eggs which take around twelve days to hatch and the same for the young to leave the nest. Attract Common Yellowthroats to large backyards with dense vegetation and native plants to attract insects. Fun Fact: The black mask of Common Yellowthroats is a sign to courting males that that bird is male, and they attack when fake birds are used, but they do not attack when the bird has no mask. 6. Orange-crowned Warbler Orange-crowned Warblers spend the breeding season in Oregon, but they are more common during migration. They are recorded in 10% of summer checklists and up to 24% of checklists during the spring migration. Orange-crowned Warblers are not as brightly colored as other warblers with their yellow-olive coloring, which is more yellow on the Pacific Coast. Their orange crown is rarely seen. - Leiothlypis celata - Length: 4.3-5.5 in (11-14 cm) - Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (7-11 g) - Wingspan: 7.5 in (19 cm) Orange-crowned Warblers breed in Canada and western US states before migrating to the Pacific, East and Gulf Coasts, and Mexico. They can also be seen during migration in all US states, except the northeastern. You can find Orange-crowned Warblers in shrubs and low vegetation, but they breed in open woodland. Their diet consists mainly of spiders and insects such as caterpillars and flies. They will also eat fruit, berries, and seeds and regularly visit backyard feeders. Orange-crowned Warbler Song: Nests of Orange-crowned Warblers are near to or on the ground and made from dead leaves, twigs, and stems and then lined with soft grass and animal hair. They lay up to six eggs. Attract Orange-crowned Warblers to your yard with suet and peanut butter or hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water nectar. Fun Fact: Orange-crowned Warblers will drink from the sapwells of sapsuckers and woodpeckers. 7. Western Tanager Western Tanagers are spotted in Oregon during the breeding season and are mainly seen from May to September. They are recorded in 16% of summer checklists. Western Tanagers have a flaming orange-red head, yellow body, and black wings. Females have only red faces, and their bodies are yellow-green. - Piranga ludoviciana - Length: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm) - Weight: 0.8-1.3 oz (24-36 g) Western Tanagers breed in western US states and western Canada. They can be seen during migration in the east and south of this range. Winter is spent in Mexico and Central America. You can find Western Tanagers in open conifer forests, but they stay hidden in the canopy, despite their bright coloring. Their numbers are actually increasing in the last forty years. They eat mainly insects in summer, such as wasps and grasshoppers, and in the fall and winter, they also eat fruit. Western Tanager Song: Nests of Western Tanagers are built by females in open areas of trees and are made from large twigs and then roots and smaller twigs to weave them into a sturdy cup shape. The nest is lined with soft grass, pine needles, hair, and other plant materials. They lay around four eggs which take around two weeks to hatch. Attract Western Tanagers with dried fruit, cut oranges, and other fruits from bird feeders. Fun fact: Western Tanagers’ red coloring probably comes from eating insects that produce a pigment that they cannot produce themselves. 8. Western Meadowlark Western Meadowlarks can be spotted all year in Oregon but are more common from March to June. They are recorded in 8% of summer checklists and 3% of winter checklists. With their bright yellow bellies and melodious song, Western Meadowlarks can brighten up your day. Western Meadowlarks are part of the blackbird family and are about the size of a Robin with shades of brown and white upperparts and a black V-shaped band across the bright yellow chest that turns gray in winter. - Sturnella neglecta - Length: 6.3-10.2 in (16-26 cm) - Weight: 3.1-4.1 oz (89-115 g) - Wingspan: 16.1 in (41 cm) Western Meadowlarks that breed in northern US states and Canada migrate to more southern states in winter. However, those in the west and midwest remain all year. You can find Western Meadowlarks usually on the ground in grasslands, meadows, and fields. They forage for food alone or in small flocks and are not usually found in woods or dense shrubby vegetation. Western Meadowlarks’ diet consists of insects and seeds. They eat more insects n summer and more seeds and grain in winter. Western Meadowlark sounds: They make a pleasant series of tweets, warbles, and whistles. Check out the video below to hear the beautiful whistles and warbles of this songbird. Nests of Western Meadowlarks are in depressions in the ground in grasslands. This is filled with soft material such as grass and may have a roof over the top, also made from grass and plant stalks. Attract Western Meadowlarks to your backyard with sunflower seeds and cracked corn. Fun fact: Western Meadowlarks have been chosen as the state bird for 6 US states. 9. Wilson’s Warbler Wilson’s Warblers are spotted in western Oregon during the breeding season and during migration across the rest of the state. They are mainly seen here from April to September. Wilson’s Warblers are tiny round yellow warblers with a large black cap in the males and a smaller black cap in females. - Cardellina pusilla - Length: 3.9-4.7 in (10-12 cm) - Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (5-10 g) - Wingspan: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm) Wilson’s Warblers breed in Canada, Alaska, and northwestern US states but can also be seen across all US states during migration. They winter in Mexico and Central America. You can find Wilson’s Warblers along streams in thickets and near forest edges foraging for insects and their larvae and spiders. Wilson’s Warblers song: Nests of Wilson’s Warblers are well hidden on the ground near trees or shrubs and made from leaves and sedges for the base. Grass, bark, moss, and plant material are woven into a cup shape and lined with soft grass and animal hair. They lay around five eggs which take about eleven days to hatch and an additional ten days for the young to leave the nest. Attract Wilson’s Warblers to your backyard with native trees and shrubs, but they do not visit feeders. Fun Fact: Wilson’s Warblers distract potential nest predators by pretending to have a broken wing and drawing the predator away before flying off. 10. Yellow Warbler Yellow Warblers are frequently spotted in Oregon during the breeding season. They arrive in April and start to migrate in October. They occur in up to 11% of summer checklists. Yellow Warblers are small bright yellow birds with a yellow-green back, and the males have chestnut streaks on the breast. Females and juveniles are not as bright as males. - Setophaga petechia - Length: 4.7-5.1 in (12-13 cm) - Weight: 0.3-0.4 oz (9-11 g) - Wingspan: 6.3-7.9 in (16-20 cm) Yellow Warblers migrate a long distance to breed in Canada and the US, except for southeastern states, before heading back into Central and South America for winter. However, they can be seen during migration in southeastern US states. You can find Yellow Warblers along streams and wetlands in thickets and along the edges of fields foraging for insects, including caterpillars, midges, beetles, bugs, and wasps. Yellow Warbler Song: Nests of Yellow Warblers are in small trees or shrubs and made from bark, grass, and plant material woven together and secured with spider webs to form a cup. It is then lined with softer material such as hair, feathers, and plant down. They lay up to seven eggs which take around twelve days to hatch and a further ten days for the young to leave the nest. Attract Yellow Warblers to your backyard with suet, oranges, peanut butter, and plants with berries. Also, plant native plants that attract insects without pesticides or being too tidy! Also, try birdbaths with fountains near secluded planting to provide protection. Fun Fact: Cowbirds often lay their eggs in Yellow Warblers’ nests, and if detected, then the Yellow Warblers build a new nest on top of the old nest and eggs and start again – up to six times! 11. Evening Grosbeak Evening Grosbeaks are vulnerable species in Oregon, but they can be spotted here during the breeding season in the west of the state, during winter in the east, and some even remain here all year. Evening Grosbeaks are chunky birds with big bills and a striking yellow and black pattern. Adult males have a bright yellow stripe over their eyes, making them look fierce. Their heads are black, with gray necks, and their chest and belly are yellow. They also have a white patch on their wings. Females and juvenile males have greenish bills, mostly gray bodies, black and white wings, and a yellow tinge to the neck. - Hesperiphona vespertina - Length: 16 to 22 cm (6.3 to 8.7 in) - Weight: 38.7 to 86.1 g (1.37 to 3.04 oz) - Wingspan: 30 to 36 cm (12 to 14 in) Evening Grosbeaks remain all year in southern Canada and down the west coast to northern California. However, when cone crops are poor, they will migrate south to most US states. You can find Evening Grosbeaks in forests and mountain regions. During the winter, they’re often attracted to bird feeders in backyards, most often because it’s an easy food supply. Evening Grosbeaks naturally feed on flower buds during spring; insect larvae from treetops during the summer; and in the winter, they flock to backyard feeders or feast on seeds, berries, and small fruit. Evening Grosbeak Song: Nests of Evening Grosbeaks are usually found up to 100 feet above ground in pine trees. The nests are loosely made, composed of twigs, rootlets, grass, moss, and pine needles. There are usually up to five eggs laid by the female, and she incubates them for two weeks until they hatch. Attract Evening Grosbeaks to your backyard during winter with sunflower seeds, berries, and maple buds. Fun fact: Evening Grosbeaks have such powerful bills that they can crush seeds that are too hard to open for other smaller birds, so these birds hang around to eat whatever is left behind. 12. Yellow-headed Blackbird Yellow-headed Blackbirds are mainly spotted in Oregon from April to September and appear in 4% of summer checklists. Yellow-headed Blackbirds are striking birds with glossy black bodies, bright yellow heads and chests, and white patches on the wings in males. Females are brown instead of black, and the yellow head is duller. They are larger than the Red-winged Blackbird. - Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus - Length: 8.3-10.2 in (21-26 cm) - Weight: 1.6-3.5 oz (44-100 g) - Wingspan: 16.5-17.3 in (42-44 cm) Yellow-headed Blackbirds breed in western and prairie wetlands and nest in the reeds. They forage over surrounding wetlands, grasslands, and fields, mostly for insects in the summer. After breeding, Yellow-headed Blackbirds migrate to fields and farmland in Southwest states and Mexico for the winter in large flocks. Yellow-headed Blackbirds feed on insects in summer and seeds and grains in winter. Yellow-headed Blackbirds sounds: The screeching buzz at the end of a few more musical notes is very distinctive. Nests of Yellow-headed Blackbirds are made from long wet stems weaved together and attached to cattails or reeds over the water. They lay 2 – 5 eggs taking about two weeks to hatch and another week or two before fledging. Attract Yellow-headed Blackbirds to your yard with sunflower seeds. Fun fact: Yellow-headed Blackbirds hunt for insects by flipping over stones to flush them out. 13. Western Kingbird Western Kingbirds spend summer in Oregon and occur in 5% of checklists at this time. They are spotted here from March to October. Western Kingbirds are large flycatchers with yellow bellies, whitish chests, gray heads, grayish-brown wings, and black tails with white edges. - Tyrannus verticalis - Length: 7.9-9.4 in (20-24 cm) - Weight: 1.3-1.6 oz (37-46 g) - Wingspan: 15.0-16.1 in (38-41 cm) Western Kingbirds breed in summer in western US states, the plains area, and into Canada. They migrate to Mexico and Central America, but some may overwinter in the south of Florida. You can find Western Kingbirds in open habitats, and they are often found perched on fences and utility lines, waiting for insects to fly by before catching them in mid-flight. Western Kingbird call: Nests of Western Kingbirds are usually built in trees or shrubs, but they also nest in human-made buildings or posts. The nest is made by the female from twigs, grass, and plant material woven into a cup. They lay up to seven eggs which take two or nearly three weeks to hatch, and the same again for the young to leave the nest. Attract Western Kingbirds to your yard by making it insect-friendly and planting elderberry or hawthorn, from which they will also eat the fruit. Fun Fact: Western Kingbird parents will feed their young for a further three weeks after they leave the nest. 14. Nashville Warbler Nashville Warblers can be spotted in Oregon during summer, mainly from April until September, and occur in 2% of checklists at this time. Nashville Warblers are mostly yellow underneath but with white lower bellies. They have a greenish yellow back and gray head with a white eyering. Females and juveniles are less bright than males. - Leiothlypis ruficapilla - Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) - Weight: 0.2-0.5 oz (6.7-13.9 g) - Wingspan: 6.7-7.9 in (17-20 cm) Nashville Warblers breed in northeastern US states and Canada, and there is a smaller population in northwestern US states and into British Columbia. They can also be seen during migration in most US states. They spend the winter mainly in Mexico. You can find Nashville Warblers in scrubby habitats and low deciduous forests hunting for insects. Nashville Warbler song: Nests of Nashville Warblers are hidden in shrubs close to the ground. The nest is built from bark, grass, and moss woven into a cup lined with softer material. They lay around four eggs which take about twelve days to hatch and ten days for the young to leave the nest. Attract Nashville Warblers to your backyard in winter in southern US states with suet. Fun Fact: Nashville Warbles migrate along the Atlantic Coast in their first year but only migrate inland after that. 15. Palm Warbler Palm Warblers are not commonly seen in Oregon, but you might get to spot some during winter, mainly along the coast. The palm warbler has a rusty red patch on the top of its head and is a browny-olive color over the rest of its body. They breed in Canada, but they can be found in eastern states during the migration and all year along the far south coast and Florida. - Setophaga palmarum - Length: 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm) - Weight: 0.3-0.5 oz (7-13 g) - Wingspan: 7.9-8.3 in (20-21 cm) Palm Warblers breed predominantly in Canada and can be seen during migration in eastern US states. Some winter in Florida and along the southeastern coast. You can spot Palm Warblers mainly during the spring and fall migration in weedy fields, forest edges, and scrubby areas. They are often found foraging along the ground for insects, mixed in with other birds such as Sparrows, Juncos, and Yellow-rumped Warblers. Palm Warbler song: Nests of Palm Warblers are in bogs and boreal forests on the ground and are made from grass, sedge, and ferns woven into a cup shape and lined with soft grass, feathers, and animal hair. They lay around five eggs. Attract Palm Warblers to your backyard by planting native plants that attract insects and also plant bayberry or hawthorn for their berries. Fun Fact: Unlike most warblers, Palm Warblers usually walk on the ground bobbing their tails while looking for insects. 16. American Redstart Female American Redstarts are not very common in Oregon, but they have been spotted here mostly during summer. Male American Redstarts are mostly black with bright orange patches and a white belly. Females are olive-gray instead of black and have lots of yellow patches. - Setophaga ruticilla - Length: 4.3-5.1 in (11-13 cm) - Weight: 0.2-0.3 oz (6-9 g) - Wingspan: 6.3-7.5 in (16-19 cm) American Redstarts breed in eastern US states and Canada and into northwestern US states. They may also be seen during migration in central and western US states. You can find American Redstarts in deciduous woodlands eating insects and also in backyards and thickets eating berries such as serviceberry and magnolia. American Redstart song: Their song drops in pitch at the end. Nests of American Redstarts are close to the trunk in trees or large shrubs and are made from bark, grass, and other plant material. They lay up to five eggs which take just under two weeks to hatch and a week or two for the young to leave the nest. Attract American Redstarts to your backyard with berry plants such as magnolia and serviceberry. Fun Fact: American Redstart parents only feed certain chicks each rather than feeding them all. How Frequently Yellow Birds are Spotted in Oregon in Summer and Winter Checklists are a great resource to find out which birds are commonly spotted in your state. These lists show which yellow birds are most frequently recorded on checklists on ebird in summer and winter in Oregon. Yellow Birds in Oregon in Summer: American Goldfinch 22.4% Western Tanager 16.8% Cedar Waxwing 15.4% Common Yellowthroat 15.3% Wilson’s Warbler 13.8% Lesser Goldfinch 12.4% Yellow Warbler 11.1% Orange-crowned Warbler 10.4% Yellow-rumped Warbler 9.7% Western Meadowlark 8.6% Evening Grosbeak 5.4% Western Kingbird 5.2% Yellow-headed Blackbird 4.6% Nashville Warbler 2.0% American Redstart <0.1% Palm Warbler <0.1% Yellow Birds in Oregon in Winter: Yellow-rumped Warbler 13.7% Lesser Goldfinch 10.6% American Goldfinch 5.9% Western Meadowlark 3.5% Cedar Waxwing 2.1% Evening Grosbeak 0.8% Orange-crowned Warbler 0.5% Palm Warbler 0.1% Yellow-headed Blackbird 0.1% Common Yellowthroat <0.1% Nashville Warbler <0.1% American Redstart <0.1% Western Tanager <0.1% Wilson’s Warbler <0.1% Yellow Warbler <0.1%

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Picture this: You’re doing the best you can — going to work, helping out with the chores, being present with the kids — but your wife still finds faults and never misses an opportunity to let you know. Living through a period like this, when my wife was always angry and unhappy, was an emotionally taxing experience that prompted me to delve into the intricate dynamics of relationships. In those tough times, our home became a battleground of unspoken frustrations, unaddressed concerns, and death glares, leaving me grappling with the perplexing question of how to navigate this storm within our marriage. When I often found myself telling myself, “My wife is always angry and unhappy,” it compelled me to seek understanding and, ultimately, solutions to mend the growing rift between us. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind one partner being angry all the time, shedding light on the underlying issues that often go unnoticed. So, do give it a read if you think your wife is always angry or if you often find yourself complaining to your neighbors or friends, “My wife hit me.” Additionally, we will delve into constructive ways to address these concerns, fostering communication, empathy, and ultimately, a path toward healing within the relationship. So, instead of being miserable and wondering how to tackle angry wife, read on… Why Is My Partner Always Angry With Me? Table of Contents Being in a relationship where your partner seems consistently angry can be a bewildering and emotionally challenging experience. And trust us, angry wives can give you a tough time. The persistent notion of “My wife is always angry and unhappy” may preoccupy your thoughts, fueling a constant sense of confusion and a desire for resolution. Understanding the root causes behind your partner’s perpetual anger is crucial for fostering a healthier and more harmonious connection and avoiding an abusive relationship. Having a partner who is dealing with anger issues may be more common than you think. As one Reddit user says, “We have been married for 7 years and have 2 daughters (3.5 and 2 years old). We honestly have everything in our favor (good jobs that we like and are well paid, good friends and family, smart and beautiful daughters, etc.) but she is always bitter about almost everything and is constantly angry at me for (what seems to me) small things that should not trigger her anger like that (for example arriving 10 minutes late or not being able to choose the right clothing for our daughters). If not angry at me for something specific, she behaved and looked as if everything was despicable. If we talk it’s almost always about how much she dislikes this or that, including people that consider us friends or even her parents/sisters, etc.” In this exploration, we will delve into various factors that could contribute to your partner’s continuous state of anger. From underlying personal issues to unmet expectations within the relationship, we aim to shed light on potential triggers. By unraveling these complexities, I hope to provide insights and strategies that can pave the way for open communication, empathy, and a constructive approach to understanding anger and addressing and resolving the ongoing challenges in your relationship. Related Reading: How To Control Anger In A Relationship – 12 Ways To Tame The Temper 1. Her unmet expectations Do you often find yourself complaining, “My wife gets angry over little things”? The unmet expectations within a marriage can act as silent saboteurs, slowly eroding the foundation of the relationship and paving the way for anger to take root. In the context of marriage, unresolved anger often finds its roots in the unspoken gaps between expectations and reality. As partners, we have expectations in our relationships, some articulated and others lingering beneath the surface, influenced by societal norms, personal experiences, and desires. For example, husbands often don’t help out around the house as much as their wives want because the wife probably didn’t communicate her expectations. When these expectations go unmet after the honeymoon period, frustration can fester and transform into anger. It becomes a visceral response to the perceived gap between what was envisioned and the current reality. Whether it’s unfulfilled emotional needs, uncommunicated expectations about roles and responsibilities, or differing views on shared goals, the divergence can create a breeding ground for resentment. 2. Her preoccupation with unresolved issues So, what makes angry wives so angry? A wife preoccupied with unresolved issues from the past can cast a shadow over the present, coloring the relationship with persistent tension and emotional turmoil. When previous conflicts remain unaddressed, they can act as a haunting undercurrent, influencing current interactions and reactions. It could even be something from her own past such as: - Domestic violence - Parental neglect - Childhood sexual abuse This kind of emotional burden may resonate with those navigating the complexities of a relationship where historical grievances continue to hold sway and could be the reason your wife is always angry and negative. Unresolved issues often turn into emotional baggage such as low self-esteem, creating a barrier to genuine connection and understanding. Whether stemming from misunderstandings, unmet needs, or hurtful events, these lingering problems can manifest as anger, frustration, or a general sense of discontent — secondary emotions to the real issue underneath. The challenge lies not only in recognizing the impact of past issues but also in fostering an environment where both partners feel safe and encouraged to revisit and resolve these lingering concerns. Related Reading: 7 Strategies To Stop Fighting In A Relationship 3. The air of negativity that pervades your relationship When an air of negativity pervades a healthy relationship, it can cast a shadow over the shared moments, leaving both partners grappling with the weight of discontent. If you can’t help but think, “My wife’s anger is ruining our marriage,” it is a sign of the subtle, yet impactful, erosion of the emotional climate between two partners. This phenomenon often manifests as a continuous undercurrent of dissatisfaction, creating an environment where joy is elusive and tension becomes the norm. Negativity can take various forms, from constant arguing to a general sense of dissatisfaction or emotional withdrawal. It often results from a combination of unmet needs, unresolved conflicts, and a communication breakdown. Left unaddressed, this negativity can seep into every aspect of the relationship, impacting not only the present but also the future trajectory of the partnership. 4. Her unmet emotional needs When my wife is always angry and unhappy, I find that unfulfilled emotional needs often lurk beneath the surface, acting as powerful catalysts for discontent. This discontent may represent a silent plea for emotional connection, validation, or support that remains unmet. So, if you’re wondering, “Why is my partner always angry with me?”, remember this: when basic emotional needs go unrecognized or unaddressed, frustration and resentment can build, leading to a pervasive sense of anger, which makes both partners feel bad. Related Reading: 15 Signs Of Emotional Detachment In Your Relationship 5. Mismatched communication styles Still wondering what makes angry wives angry in the first place? Divergent communication styles within a relationship can be a breeding ground for constant anger and frustration and a possible reason your wife is always angry and negative. When there’s a big difference in your communication styles, your interactions may often lead to misunderstandings and escalating tensions. These could manifest as a clash between: - Directness and subtlety - Assertiveness and passivity - Verbal and non-verbal cues And this kind of misalignment or lack of communication can create a persistent source of discord. As we unravel the complexities that contribute to a partner’s constant anger, the journey toward resolution and renewal becomes clearer. Now, let’s transition to the next section, where we will explore 11 tips on how to deal with an angry wife, offering practical insights and strategies to transform the dynamics of anger within a relationship. These tips aim to foster understanding, open communication, and ultimately pave the way for a more resilient and fulfilling connection. Related Reading: 11 Expert Tips To Communicate Better With Your Partner How To Deal With Wife’s Anger: 11 Effective Tips Wondering how to make my angry wife happy? Well, addressing your wife’s anger begins with acknowledging the nuances of emotions and communication within the relationship. Each tip in this section is crafted to provide actionable steps toward helping you resolve the ‘how to tackle angry wife’ problem. These tips will not only help you defuse immediate tensions but also lay the groundwork for a healthier and more resilient connection. From active listening to cultivating empathy in your relationship and exploring shared solutions, these tips aim to show you what to do when your wife is mad at you. They also empower couples with the tools they need to transform anger into an opportunity for growth, understanding, and ultimately, a more harmonious partnership. 1. Engage in active listening So, are you often asking yourself, “How do I deal with an angry wife?” Active listening is a fundamental component of effective communication, especially when dealing with a wife’s anger. It involves giving your undivided attention to your partner as she expresses her thoughts, emotions, and concerns. To practice active listening: - Eliminate distractions: Choosing a quite and peaceful setting is important for this - Provide verbal and non-verbal cues: Show that you are fully engaged in the conversation. Make eye contact and maintain a posture that shows you’re interested - Try reflective listening: It is a technique within active listening where you paraphrase or repeat back what your wife has said. This not only demonstrates that you are paying attention but also allows for clarification and validation of her emotions. For instance, you might say, “It sounds like you’re feeling frustrated because of X. Is that correct?” This approach ensures that you are accurately understanding her perspective and is a big step in the right direction if you want to make your angry wife happy - Don’t be judgmental: Rather than remain silent, which is what many men resort to, active listening also involves withholding judgment and refraining from formulating your response while she is speaking. Instead, focus on truly comprehending her point of view Most people respond well to active and reflective listening. By making an effort to understand her feelings and experiences, you create an atmosphere of trust and openness, which is crucial for learning how to make your wife happy when she is angry. 2. Express empathy toward her plight Still wondering, “Why is my wife always angry?” In times when my wife is always angry and unhappy, I find that expressing my empathy for her goes a long way in mending our relationship. Expressing empathy involves more than just understanding your wife’s emotions; it’s about conveying that understanding in a way that validates her feelings. When dealing with a partner’s anger, empathy can be a powerful tool for building connection and defusing tension. Here’s what you can do: - Begin by acknowledging her emotions without judgment - Phrases like “I can see that this situation is really affecting you” or “It must be challenging to feel this way” communicate your awareness and concern. So use them instead of complaining, “My wife gets angry over little things” - Demonstrating that you comprehend the depth of her emotions fosters an emotional connection and reinforces that her feelings are valid - Empathy also involves sharing in her emotional experience, even if you may not fully understand or agree with her perspective. Use statements like “I may not completely grasp what you’re going through, but I want to support you” to convey your willingness to stand by her side By expressing empathy, you create an environment where your wife feels heard, understood, and supported. This emotional validation lays the groundwork for productive conversations and collaborative problem-solving, contributing to the overall health and resilience of your relationship. This is how to tackle angry wife effectively. Related Reading: How To Deal With A Negative Spouse – 15 Expert-Backed Tips 3. Identify her triggers Wondering what to do when your wife is upset with you? Understanding and identifying the specific triggers that lead to your wife’s anger is a crucial step in learning how to calm down an angry wife. Triggers can be diverse, ranging from certain behaviors, topics of discussion, or even specific situations. This is how to deal with wife’s anger: - Work together to identify these triggers, as this allows both partners to anticipate and navigate potential sources of tension when every conversation turns into an argument - Engage in open and honest communication, as it plays a pivotal role in this process. Encourage your wife to share her feelings and insights about situations that provoke anger - Express your own observations and be receptive to feedback - Collaboratively identify triggers, as in doing so, you create a foundation for proactive problem-solving rather than reactive conflict - Develop strategies to manage or avoid these triggers when possible. This might involve setting clear boundaries, establishing communication norms, or finding compromises that mitigate the impact of these triggers on both partners By addressing these underlying causes, you can cultivate a more understanding and harmonious relationship, making a huge step in learning how to make your wife happy when she is angry. 4. Establish healthy boundaries in the relationship Do you often find yourself wondering, “I hurt my wife emotionally, how do I fix it?” In times when my wife is always angry and unhappy, I often insist on setting boundaries for both of us. Establishing clear and respectful boundaries is essential for maintaining a healthy and balanced relationship. When it comes to dealing with a wife’s anger, these critical boundaries provide a framework that helps prevent misunderstandings and conflicts. If you can’t help feeling, “My wife has anger issues,” try these tips: - Initiate a calm and open conversation about each other’s expectations and limits within the relationship - Discuss personal space, communication preferences, and acceptable behaviors - Clearly communicate your needs and listen attentively to hers, ensuring that both partners feel comfortable expressing their expectations. Boundaries act as guidelines for behavior, helping to create a sense of safety and predictability. For instance, if personal time is crucial for either partner, agreeing on designated periods for individual activities can prevent feelings of neglect or intrusion. Respect for established boundaries is equally important. Consistently honoring each other’s limits fosters trust and understanding. Regularly revisiting and adjusting these boundaries as the relationship evolves ensures they remain relevant and supportive, contributing to a more secure and harmonious partnership. Related Reading: 10 Must-Follow Healthy Relationship Boundaries 5. Learn to communicate effectively Still wondering, “How do I calm down an angry wife?” Effective communication is the cornerstone of a thriving relationship, especially when navigating a partner’s anger. This involves not only what is said but also how it is conveyed. When emotions are running high, employing effective communication techniques becomes even more critical when it comes to anger management in relationships. - Choose words thoughtfully to express your thoughts and feelings without placing blame. Use “I” statements to express your own perspective, emphasizing your emotions and experiences rather than making accusatory statements. For instance, say “I feel hurt when…” instead of “You always…” - Maintain a calm and composed tone, avoiding aggressive or defensive language and angry outbursts. - Non-verbal cues, such as body language and facial expressions, also play a significant role in communication. Ensure that your non-verbal signals align with your verbal message to avoid any potential misinterpretations - Active listening, as discussed earlier, is an integral part of effective communication. By creating a dialogue that is respectful, clear, and open, you lay the foundation for understanding and collaboration. This approach enables both partners to express themselves authentically while minimizing the risk of escalating tensions. Related Reading: 21 Last-Minute Gift Ideas For Your Wife’s Birthday | Dec.2020 6. Seek professional guidance Still asking yourself, “Why is my wife always angry?” In some instances, seeking professional help through couples therapy or marriage counseling can be a transformative step in figuring out how to deal with an angry wife. This can be immensely helpful if you often find yourself complaining, “My wife hit me.” A trained therapist provides an unbiased and structured environment where both individuals can express their thoughts and feelings, fostering understanding and facilitating constructive communication. If you don’t know what to do when your wife is mad at you, consider couples therapy. Couples therapy is not solely reserved for relationships in crisis. It can also be a proactive measure to improve communication skills and resolve underlying issues before they escalate. A couples therapist can offer great advice, help identify patterns of behavior, and provide strategies for addressing challenges. The impartial perspective of a professional can create a safe space for both partners to share their concerns without fear of judgment. Additionally, therapists introduce tailored tools and exercises to improve communication, enhance emotional connection, and guide the couple toward a more harmonious relationship. Seeking professional guidance demonstrates a commitment to the relationship’s well-being and can bring about positive transformation if you work together. If you are looking for a couples therapist, consider one of our counselors at Bonobology. 7. Learn to be patient Wondering what to do when your wife is upset with you? Well, when my wife is always angry and unhappy, I try to be patient with her. When dealing with a partner’s anger, practicing patience is a virtue that can significantly contribute to the resolution of conflicts and the overall well-being of the relationship. Recognize that addressing deep-seated issues and modifying behavior takes time, and immediate change may not always be feasible. Here are a few tips on what to do: - Patience involves maintaining a calm demeanor and avoiding impulsive reactions, even in the face of an angry spouse - Give both yourself and your partner the time needed to process emotions and work toward solutions - Rushed attempts to resolve issues can lead to misunderstandings and exacerbate tensions. Additionally, the silent treatment can similarly make things worse - Communicate openly about the process of change and express your commitment to the relationship’s growth - Encourage your partner to share her thoughts and feelings, and be receptive to feedback Well, this is how to make your wife happy when she is angry. By fostering an environment of patience, you create the space needed for understanding, empathy, and gradual positive transformation within the relationship. This is how to deal with an angry spouse. 8. Encourage your wife to seek healthy outlets If you’re often thinking, “My wife has anger issues,” encouraging her to adopt healthy outlets for stress and frustration is a constructive way to address and mitigate her anger. Healthy outlets provide alternative means of coping with emotional challenges, fostering overall well-being within the relationship. So, if you’re one of those hapless husbands often telling yourself, “My wife hit me and I don’t know what to do,” try and seek healthy options to calm her down. Discuss and explore various activities that contribute to emotional release and relaxation that might help calm down an angry wife. This might include regular exercise, engaging in hobbies, practicing mindfulness or meditation, or pursuing creative outlets. Participating in such activities not only serves as a positive emotional release but also contributes to a more balanced and fulfilling lifestyle and better physical health. Supporting and participating in these outlets together can strengthen the emotional bond between partners, creating shared experiences that counterbalance moments of tension and contribute to a more harmonious relationship. 9. Apologize and forgive If you’re wondering, “How to deal with an angry wife,” acknowledging mistakes, offering sincere apologies, and practicing forgiveness are pivotal components in the process of dealing with an angry person. Recognize when your actions or words may have contributed to the conflict, and take responsibility for them. If you’re thinking, “I hurt my wife emotionally, how do I fix it?” A genuine apology involves expressing remorse, understanding the impact of your actions, and committing to positive change. Use statements such as “I’m sorry for how my actions made you feel” rather than a generic apology. This demonstrates a deeper understanding of the specific emotions involved. Simultaneously, be willing to forgive. If you’re trying to seek revenge after wallowing in self-pity, saying to yourself, “My wife hit me,” stop immediately. An angry husband holding onto past grievances can further perpetuate a cycle of anger and resentment in a marriage. Forgiveness doesn’t necessarily mean condoning the behavior. Instead, it signifies a commitment to moving forward and cultivating a more positive relationship. Engaging in this reciprocal process of apologizing and forgiving fosters an environment of emotional healing and growth. This is the key to figuring out how to deal with an angry spouse. 10. Create shared goals If you’re wondering, “How to handle an angry wife,” well, establishing shared goals within the relationship can be a powerful strategy for mitigating persistent anger and fostering a sense of unity. Collaboratively identifying objectives that both partners are enthusiastic about creates a shared purpose, reducing potential sources of conflict. Here is how to make your wife happy when she is angry: - Engage in open conversations about your individual aspirations, both personal and collective - Look for common ground and areas where your goals align - This might involve career aspirations, lifestyle choices, or plans for personal development - Working towards shared goals provides a framework for mutual support and collaboration - It could be something as simple as doing household chores, playing games together or giving each other a shoulder massage This helps shift the focus from individual concerns to a collective vision, strengthening the emotional connection between partners. This shared sense of purpose contributes to a more positive and fulfilling dynamic within the relationship. Related Reading: How To Deal With Resentment In Marriage? Expert Tells You 11. Remember to celebrate the positive moments So, still wondering how to deal with an angry spouse? Amid the challenges of knowing what to do when your wife is mad at you, it’s crucial to actively acknowledge and celebrate positive moments within the relationship. Intentionally focusing on joyous occasions, achievements, and shared happiness can counterbalance the impact of persistent anger, instead of always dwelling on the thought, “My wife’s anger is ruining our marriage.” Express gratitude and appreciation for each other regularly. Acknowledge the efforts, no matter how small, that contribute to the well-being of the relationship. Celebrate milestones, achievements, or even simple moments of joy to reinforce the positive aspects of your connection. By consciously emphasizing positive experiences, you create a more optimistic atmosphere. This not only fosters a sense of mutual appreciation but also serves as a reminder of the strengths and joys that exist within the relationship. Celebrating positive moments contributes to a more resilient emotional foundation, making it easier to navigate and overcome challenges, and make your angry wife happy. - Living with an angry spouse is a common phenomenon in modern marriages - Unmet expectations, unresolved issues, unfulfilled emotional needs, and mismatched communication styles can contribute to a partner’s persistent anger - Practice active listening and express empathy to create an open and understanding environment - Identify and discuss triggers that lead to anger, fostering proactive problem-solving - Consider couples therapy for unbiased, structured assistance in addressing underlying issues We hope you aren’t still wondering how to deal with an angry spouse. And we hope we have resolved quite a few issues related to angry wives through this article. In a healthy marriage, understanding and addressing a partner’s persistent anger requires a multifaceted approach. From active listening and empathy to establishing boundaries, seeking professional guidance, and fostering patience, these strategies serve as tools to navigate the complexities of emotions and communication. Encouraging healthy outlets, apologizing, and forgiving contribute to emotional healing while creating shared goals and celebrating positive moments reinforce the resilience of the relationship. By embracing these insights and actionable tips on how to handle an angry wife, couples can transform moments of anger into opportunities for growth, understanding, and the cultivation of a more harmonious and fulfilling connection.

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We chatted with Congressman Will Hurd about immigration, the CIA, and why he decided to Facebook Live a 36 hour road trip with Democrat Beto O’Rourke. We chatted with Congressman Will Hurd about immigration, the CIA, and why he decided to Facebook Live a 36 hour road trip with Democrat Beto O’Rourke. - Learn how smart, skills-based immigration reform accelerates economic growth - Read stories from immigrants and debunk common immigration myths at A Nation of Immigrants - Read the Bush Institute’s 2019 policy recommendations to modernize immigration for today ‘s realities Read the episode transcript 00:00 Andrew Kaufman: Here’s a unique career path. From computer science in college to CIA agent collecting intel in some of the most dangerous places on earth, to Republican Congressman representing the 23rd District of Texas. We chatted with Congressman Will Hurd, whose district includes much of the Texas and Mexico border, about what immigration reform should look like. We also talk about the skills he learned in the CIA and how they’re helpful in Washington DC. And we, of course, cover how he ended up on a 36-hour road trip with Democratic Congressman Beto O’Rourke. 00:31 Will Hurd: Here’s what was crazy. During that whole experience, we had 26 million people watch. We were on every news program, which tells me that people actually want us to get along and solve big problems, that the American people want that. 00:49 AK: Congressman Hurd also takes us into his world, giving us behind the scenes details about life as a law maker in the United States. I’m Andrew Kaufman, and this is the Strategerist, presented by the George W Bush Institute. 01:05 AK: What happens when you cross the 43rd President, late night sketch comedy, and compelling conversation? The Strategerist, a podcast born from the word strategery, which was coined by SNL and embraced by the George W Bush administration. We highlight the American spirit of leadership and compassion through thought-provoking conversations. And we’re reminded that the most effective leaders are the ones who laugh. 01:33 AK: We’re here today with Will Hurd, Congressman from the 23rd District of Texas, Republican. Will, thank you so much for joining us this morning. 01:40 WH: It’s awesome to be with you all today. 01:42 AK: We’re also with Matt Rooney, our co-host today who is managing director of the Bush Institute SMU Economic Growth Initiative. Matt, thanks for joining us as always. 01:50 Matt Rooney: It’s always a pleasure to be here, thanks. 01:52 WH: Say that title three times fast. Yeah. 01:54 AK: That’s why we made it [01:54]. Congressman, you’re a legislator and you’re making the laws of the land. At this interesting point in history, what’s your approach right now? 02:03 WH: Well, my approach now is the same way it’s always been. Agree with people when I agree with them, disagree when I disagree. The only way you get big things done is if you do it together. And so I’ve gotten 14 pieces of legislation signed into law, that’s under a Democratic President and a Republican President. I’m a Republican legislator, and the only way I’ve gotten that many piece of legislation signed into law is by working together. And I actually believe we… Way more unites us than divides us, and so that’s the strategy I’ve had since I’ve been in Congress, now for four-and-a-half years, and that’s the strategy I’m gonna continue. 02:43 MR: Congressman, if you don’t mind my asking, I think it’s safe to say that Texas A&M to the intelligence community to Congress is a unique career path. 02:56 MR: What sent you down that path? 03:00 WH: Well, I thought I was gonna be a programmer at IBM. And I grew up in San Antonio, and I had an internship at Southwest Research Institute, and I was working for a female engineer who was a leader in robotics and loved it, and decided to pursue computer science in high school. And I went to A&M. I was supposed to go to Stanford, but I decided to go to A&M after being on campus. I fell in love with it, and I had never been outside of Texas. And I’m walking across the campus for one afternoon, and I see a sign that says “Take two journalism classes in Mexico City for $425,” and I had 450 bucks in my bank account… 03:46 WH: So I go to Mexico. 03:47 AK: It was a sign. 03:48 WH: It was a sign. I fell in love being in another culture. I fell in love seeing things I’d only read about in books, and I added International Studies as a minor. And in my first class, I had a guest lecturer who was this former CIA tough guy, and he told the most amazing stories, and I did something the next day after hearing him that I hadn’t done at that point in my college career. I went to a professor’s office and knocked on the door, and that began a friendship, and that began my interest in the CIA, and so I went in right after… Right after I graduated, and so I was the dude in the back alleys at 4 o’clock in the morning collecting intelligence on threats to the homeland. It was being in dangerous places, trying to stop bad guys from doing bad things on our homeland. And in addition to collecting intelligence I had to brief members of Congress. And to be frank, I was pretty shocked by the caliber of our elected officials, and I thought I could help the intelligence community in a different way, and I had some friends that ran races and put the idea of the 23rd District in my head, which is basically where I grew up, and I decided to run for Congress. I left a job I loved. I did two years in training at what I used to call the super secret CIA training facility called The Farm. Now it’s on Google Maps. 05:09 WH: I always wish that was a joke, right? It truly is. 05:13 WH: And then two years in India, two years Pakistan, two years New York City doing inter-agency work. A year and a half in Afghanistan, and so I left Afghanistan, moved back to my home town, ran for office, and lost an election by 700 votes. But I don’t tell that story anymore, but it gave me an opportunity to go into the private sector, and then I ran again and was successful. 05:34 MR: So if I could ask you a follow-up, at least in the popular imagination, the CIA is the opposite of bureaucratic. It’s the opposite of process. It’s cut to the chase, it’s take, not even take the hill. It’s steal the stuff. Congress is the epitome of process. So how did the one prepare you for the other? What do you bring from the former experience to the latter? 05:56 WH: You are 100% accurate in your understanding of the agency, and the reason… 06:03 MR: I don’t knew if you know this, but I used… I worked for the Department of State [06:05] ____. 06:05 WH: Absolutely, absolutely. And as you know, the reason that the CIA is able to be nimble, is because everybody’s geared towards the mission. The clandestine service which I was in are the collectors of last resort. If you can’t get a piece of information any other way, that’s when you got to the national clandestine service. So it’s the hardest, it’s the most expensive, it’s the most dangerous way of getting information. And so everybody in the organization is geared towards that, and the frustrating thing about Congress, it was actually designed not to be efficient. The reason you have checks and balances is so that somebody, one individual can’t come in and change things on a whim. So that’s actually a good thing, it’s frustrating, but for me, I always remember my time in the agency. I remember my time in the private sector, and try to bring the things I learned there into the legislative process. So the thing that prepared me for the job is I work on issues that I have an experience in. There’s not too many people that have my national security background experience. 07:26 WH: When we talk about border security, I’ve been in some pretty nasty borders. I’ve chased bad people all around the world, and so I have that experience. And so when it comes to Congress having more of a role in national security and foreign policy, and we’re able to where… I have a role there. 07:47 WH: I also, the training as a professional intelligence officer, and I would also say our diplomatic corps, what we learn is how to ask really good questions. What we learn is how to get the right information from the right people to inform a particular decision. And that’s the role of an individual member of Congress. There are so many issues that you have to deal with in the course of a day, course of a week, and knowing how to gather that information, talk to the right stakeholders in order to formulate some kind of final position. And that’s another thing that I’ve tried to do, and that’s something that I’ve had my team work on, and that’s why I think we’ve been able to be successful in so many areas is ’cause seek to understand before being understood, and that’s one of the reasons why all the issues that impact my district, I take that approach. 08:42 AK: Well, and one of the big issues that’s impacting your district is, of course, the immigration issue, which is what we’re here this morning to talk about. You’re here for our naturalization ceremony that’s being hosted by the Bush Institute. If you were in a vacuum, and you could just write an immigration bill with your pen this morning, what would that bill look like? 09:01 WH: It would be a market-based system that was based on need, and you were, it was so streamlined that it didn’t take nine months to process a visa, right? It’s that simple. The United States has benefited from the brain drain of every other country for the last couple of decades, I wanna see that continue, and I wanna benefit from the hard-working drain as well. In my district… Unemployment across the country is 3.94%. What does that mean? No matter what industry, agriculture or artificial intelligence, you need people. The thing that will stall our economy is the lack of a workforce to take advantage of opportunities. That’s why we should be able to streamline our immigration. And when I say streamline, it starts with DACA. These are 1.2 million kids. I shouldn’t say kids, young men and women that have only known the United States of America as their home. They were brought here through no fault of their own. They were brought here by their parents. They all have… If someone is a potential DACA recipient, it means they have a clean record. It means they’ve gone through high school. It means they’re either pursuing college or have been working for 80% of the time that they’ve been out of school or they wanna go in the military. These kids have already contributing to our culture, our economy, our society. They are Americans. We should make it permanent. We should have a proper legislative fix. So that’s DACA. 10:45 WH: You can also add TPS into this. TPS is Temporary Protected Status. These are people where there was a natural disaster in a country, and they got a legal visa to come to the United States. Now, the first letter in this visa category is Temporary. It was only supposed to be temporary. Many people have been here for a couple of decades. But they’ve been paying taxes, they’ve been paying into Social Security. If you look at… I think Texas has about 50,000 TPS. Many of them are in Houston and many of those folks are in construction. So they’re rebuilding Houston still from Hurricane Harvey, and we’re talking about kicking them out of the country. That makes no sense, and so, oh, and by the way, there’s not thousands of people that are waiting to get construction jobs that can be tapped in to come in and work. So those are the two areas that we should be able to sort out quickly. 11:49 WH: If you also streamline immigration so that people that need workers can get them, you relieve the pressure on the border for our men and women in border patrol to actually go after the stuff that’s happening illegally, alright? 67 billion dollars worth of illegal drugs coming into our country. You do have king pin human smugglers who are trying to bring bad people into our country. So when you take away or when you make it easier for border patrol to focus on the bad apples, this could improve security of our country. So and I can get into every little detail. 12:28 WH: Another thing that’s happening. It’s something, the number is like 75% of kids that are in graduate programs at American universities in STEM, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, are foreign-born. So, one, we need to make sure more kids that grow up the United States are going to STEM careers, that’s number one. But number two, a lot of those people that we are educating here in the United States of America would love to stay in the United States of America, start businesses in the United States of America, contribute to great businesses that are already here, yet a lot of them can’t stay here. That’s crazy. And so being able to streamline that process would be a hallmark of our plan. 13:24 MR: So why is it so hard? ‘Cause everything you just said makes total sense. I’ve said many of those things, not as eloquently, of course, myself, I’ve heard them said. President Bush had been committed to that proposition for 15 years, 20 years. Why is it so hard? 13:41 WH: It’s hard because it’s political. The thing I’ve learned, most of the technical fixes to the problems we deal with are quite easy. However, what I just explained can’t fit in 280 characters in a tweet. It takes time to explain it, it takes time to set up the problem, it takes time to explain the second and third order effects of certain decisions. And politicians don’t have time to do that with their electorate. So that’s part of it. There is one part that’s of folks, and that’s on my side of the aisle, that wanna see a decrease, a net decrease in immigration coming into our country. And then on the other side, there are people that, no matter what, do not wanna give a legislative victory to Republicans. So you have to deal with those perspectives in this fight as well. It’s frustrating, especially frustrating, ’cause the last Congress, the 115th Congress, we came two signatures away from getting a DACA fix. We had already whipped this bill, it was called the USA Act, it’s the only bipartisan, border security, immigration bill in Congress. It was drafted by a tall, dark, and handsome Texas legislator. 15:23 AK: What district is he from? 15:26 WH: It was me and my buddy, Pete Aguilar. Pete Aguilar is a Democrat from California. I always feel like that’s a set up of a joke. A Republican from Texas and a Democrat from California walk into a bar. 15:40 MR: And if we meet, we go to different sides of the room. 15:44 WH: Exactly. 15:45 WH: So we had whipped this bill, whipping means you actually talk to individual legislators and say, “Are you a yes or are you a no?” And if they say, “Maybe,” “What do you need in order to get there?” So it’s the process of garnering the votes for a piece of legislation. It would have passed. If we would’ve gotten this bill to the floor, it would’ve passed. Now, what was preventing us from getting it on the floor was the Speaker of the House of Representatives at the time. And we knew all the different elements that would bring people to this, and we came two signatures away from a what was called a discharge petition. This is a parliamentary tool to force a vote on the floor. And the reason we were two shy from that was because the Republican leadership prevented this from happening. 16:40 WH: Now, in the 116th Congress, the current congress that we’re in, and I’m not trying to be political here, I’m just trying to state facts. It’s the current Democratic leadership of the House that is preventing a bipartisan tool from going forward. And on the funding bill that passed three weeks ago, four weeks ago now, maybe five weeks, it was Democratic leadership that kept DACA and TPS off of that discussion. And honestly, the President had already intimated that he was willing to play ball on that particular topic. So again, it gets back to people trying to deny other side a political victory. And the people that get hurt, in this case specifically, are the DACA kids who still are living under that uncertainty. 17:34 AK: Well, that brings us to one of your more newsworthy moments, again, not newsworthy, but see the most attention in the news was your road trip with Beto O’Rourke during the snowstorm. How do moves like that you think help with the legislative process? 17:54 WH: Well, here is what was crazy, during that whole experience, we had like 26 million people watch. We were on every news program, which tells me that people actually want us to get along and solve big problems, that the American people want that. However, when we consume our news, we are making it, we’re the ones clicking on stuff that reinforces our own thoughts, biases, things like that. But I think in most people’s hearts, they really want folks to be able to get along. I’ve been in Congress for four-and-a-half years now. What is strange is and what most people would find, would think is odd, the individual relations between members is actually quite warm. When the lights aren’t on, when the cameras aren’t on, everybody’s incredibly cordial. I had an experience where, it was my first time going on a news program with a group, two Republicans, two Democrats. And in the green room, we were all talking about the things we were working on together. And when we went out to the cameras, it was like, “Holy mackerel!” It was like the WWE Royal Rumble. I just found it very, very odd. And then afterwards, we all were talking about the, “Hey, we’re gonna follow up on this. I’m gonna follow up on that.” 19:42 WH: Part of the reason we know each other, but we know each other superficially and when, and during the road trip what would happen is… So it was a 36-hour trip from San Antonio to Washington DC, 31 hours in the car, 29 hours live streamed. And we… 20:09 AK: What’s on those other two hours is the question. [chuckle] 20:11 WH: Right. Well, yeah, it was bad cell service. Actually, I was pretty shocked that only from San Antonio to Washington DC, there was only like two hours worth of road that we didn’t have good cell phone service, it was pretty amazing. In that, when we took, we tried to make it the longest rolling telephone town hall and we took questions the whole time. So we had like an eight-hour debate on healthcare. We talked about every single issue imaginable, and many of the topics we talked over and over again, because people would ask those questions. And you start learning, “Hey, both sides really actually cares about the community. They really wanna solve problems for people.” And you just may differ on the tactic but I think when you have more of that kind of interaction, you don’t demonize the other side, right? You don’t have contempt for the other side. And that is the only way we’re gonna solve these problems is, as I said at the top of the show, is by working together. 21:26 AK: You can almost expect that you got a Republican and a Democrat in the car, they aren’t even gonna be able to agree on what to listen to, or what road to take. And it’s fisticuffs the whole way. Then you say, “No, this is… We all want the same destination. We just have a little bit different ideas of the best way to get there, but we can talk it down and figure it out,” and it’s a great symbolic gesture. 21:46 WH: One of the things I love, like my friend, Pete Aguilar in California, when it comes to immigration and border security, he’s so smart on the issues. And so the ability to have a technical conversation with someone who understands the ins and the outs of the topic, that’s how you get things done. And so having those substantive matter, subject matter experts on a particular topic and knowing who those folks are, is really valuable. 22:22 MR: So, that strikes me as what you just described, I understand and accept the idea that you guys, men and women on the hill are colleagues, you talk to each other, you have, you understand one another, in a certain sense, and yet when it comes to the public facing piece of it, you have to kind of play to your end to end corners, right? So how do we get out of that? ‘Cause that’s obviously harmful because ultimately that degrades your ability to be collegiate with those people when you indulge in those personal attacks in public. 22:55 WH: Well, I think part of it is the structure of our elections. I actually believe more districts should be like mine, where it’s truly 50-50. And so if your, the way you win an election, if you talk to the professional political class, the people that run races, pollsters, all that, they’re gonna say in the election, create contrast. So if you’re always… If your goal is to create contrast between you and your opponent, guess what you do all the time? Create contrast. And so, in a district like mine which is one of the only… It’s truly the only 50-50 in Texas, it’s only one of three districts that… So, that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 that is represented by a Republican. It’s the only district that Mitt Romney won, Hillary Clinton won and a Republican is representing it in Congress. 23:53 WH: I am rewarded for actually working across political lines. I’m rewarded for getting things done, right? And so that is, I think, ultimately, the way we change… You gotta change the kinds of people that go to Washington DC, but you also have to change the reward structure so that you get rewarded for actually working and solving problems rather than talking about the issue. Everybody just talks about messaging. Gotta message this issue, and I’m always like, “Hey, here’s a novel idea. How about you actually do something, and then go tell everybody what you did? That’s a little bit better way of getting things done.” So I think… And that’s hard to do that, because ultimately the states are the ones that decide how political lines are drawn. 24:52 AK: I guess we can… We’re running out of time, so we can close with one final question that we love to ask our guests, and that’s what as a nation are we not talking about enough that we should be talking about? 25:03 WH: 5G. And here’s why I say that. The reason Google, Amazon, Facebook, Twitter are American companies is because the 4G infrastructure in America was best in the world, so all that wealth was created, what’s called the applications that went on top of 4G was created in the United States. China recognized that and that’s why they made a decision to be the world’s leader in 5G. Because they don’t necessarily wanna be the leader in 5G. They want all those companies that are going to own the 5G space to be Chinese companies. So what does 5G get us? If anybody’s ever downloaded a movie, like a 4K movie on their phone, it takes a while. With 5G you’ll be able to do it in literally under a second. 5G does something where it allows a device to stay connected to the network longer than when you have on 4G, which allows you to do things like truly wide-area autonomous vehicles. It allows you to do things like smart cities. And so all that future, all those future companies are gonna be built on the back of 5G. A company called Huawei, it’s in the news quite often, cheapest and best technology, guess what? 26:31 WH: There are no US competitors to the devices that you need to create a 5G network. All you have is Nokia, Samsung and Ericsson. So we need to make sure that the 5G build out in our cities, that we go faster because that is gonna be the test bed, where all these new companies, that could be the billion dollar companies can come and develop their widget or their service and whoever and why does this matter? The future economy will be based on this type of technology, and I want it to be based in the United States of America. I also want the way it’s built, and the rules of how it’s used, to be used, to be done by freedom-loving Western liberal democracies. Because China is not developing facial recognition to make it easier to buy groceries in the grocery store. [chuckle] 27:36 AK: Correct. 27:37 WH: They’re using it in order to commit, the Chinese government is doing it in order to continue to commit human rights abuses against their population. So it’s a very technical issue, but it really, that means our kids have to learn these technologies in the future are a con… It is an existential threat to our economy. 27:57 AK: And that’s what you get when you have a computer science graduate. [chuckle] 28:01 WH: You saying I’m biased? You know, you saying I’m biased? 28:04 AK: As a fellow computer science graduate, that’s where the solutions start. Congressman Hurd, thank you so much for the time this morning. We really appreciate you spending a few minutes with us. 28:12 WH: My pleasure. 28:17 AK: If you enjoyed today’s episode and would like to help us spread the word about the Strategerist, please give us a five-star review and tell your friends to subscribe. We’re available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and all the major listening apps. If you’re tuning in on a smartphone, tap or swipe over the cover art. You’ll find episode notes with helpful information and details you may have missed. The Strategerist was produced by Ioanna Papas at the George W Bush institute in Dallas, Texas. Thank you for listening.

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Apple’s latest iPhone series — the iPhone 14 range — followed mostly the same line-up as its previous couple of phone releases. There’s the standard iPhone 14 and its larger counterpart the iPhone 14 Plus (in previous years the counterpart phone was smaller and called the ‘Mini’), and then there’s the iPhone 14 Pro and its larger counterpart the iPhone 14 Pro Max. As the name would suggest, the iPhone 14 Pro (and the Pro Max) include the best-of-the-best features you can get in an iPhone. This includes its new chipset (the iPhone 14 and 14 Plus include last year’s chipset), a serious megapixel boost to its cameras and a couple of new features that make the phone feel a little more updated. But, how good is the iPhone 14 Pro, and is it worth your money? Read on for our hands-on review of the iPhone 14 Pro and whether this is the right phone for you — or whether you should upgrade to the iPhone 14 Pro Max. iPhone 14 Pro features and specs - $1999 NZD RRP (128GB), $2199 NZD RRP (256GB), $2599 NZD RRP (512GB), $2999 NZD RRP (1TB) - 6.1-inch Super Retina XDR OLED display with Always-on display - ProMotion (up to 120Hz refresh rate) - Dynamic Island - A16 Bionic Chip with Neural Engine - Triple rear camera set-up (48MP main + 12MP ultra-wide + 12MP telephoto) - 12MP front-facing TrueDepth camera - Up to 23 hours video playback (around 3200mAh battery), fast charge (20W or higher), up to 15W MagSafe wireless charging - Facial recognition unlocking - IP68 water and dust resistance - 5G connectivity - 128GB, 256GB, 512GB and 1TB storage sizes - Space Black, Silver, Gold and Deep Purple colourways |iPhone 14 Pro pros |iPhone 14 Pro cons In this article: Design and functionality - Rather heavy and chunky-feeling phone - Very little difference between the iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro in appearance Once again, Apple has played it very safe with the design of the iPhone 14 Pro – with little to distinguish it from its predecessor, the iPhone 13 Pro. Colours are notably what got the biggest update, with a new Deep Purple colourway (a dark, kind of dusky purple bordering on grey in certain light), although Apple is known for releasing new colour options after the initial release, so this could change. Another thing to note is that Graphite is no more – the dark metal-looking grey has been replaced with Space Black, which is, as the name would suggest, more black than dark grey. The matte finish on the back of the phone does make Space Black look rather sleek and not as boring as black phones can look. Apple supplied me with the iPhone 14 Pro in Silver (and the iPhone 14 Pro Max in Space Black), and while I initially found it to be a rather boring option to start with, over time I could appreciate the nice clean, simple and neutral look of the phone. Of course there are plenty of cases to pair your phone with, so choosing a neutral option doesn’t have to be the death of a prettier looking phone. I will give Apple credit for the fact that, while many of the design/colour choices can be very bland (at least on paper), the actual phone always looks and feels nice. The premium finish on the back and the metal casing make the iPhone 14 Pro look as premium as it feels. It’s also a ridiculously solid-feeling phone (and therefore, quite weighty), but that’s pretty much what iPhones have been like for the last few years. Of course, much like I felt with the iPhone 13 Pro, the camera bump is still very chunky. Even using the case that Apple supplied, the phone doesn’t lie totally flat. This might not be annoying for some, but I do prefer a flat-lying phone. Maybe Apple will one day find a way to make the camera bump more compact, but it is not this day. Using the phone In the same vein of ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’, using the iPhone 14 Pro is very much the same experience as you get with its predecessor, and even the iPhone 12 Pro. Much like the iPhone 13 Pro, it’s also a rather heavy feeling phone, with and without a case on. According to the Apple site, it weighs 206g, up from the 203g of the iPhone 13 Pro and a big jump from the 186g weight of the iPhone 12 Pro. If you’re upgrading from a very old iPhone (prior to the iPhone 12 or even 11 series), you’ll find this feels a lot chunkier than its predecessors. That being said, I appreciate that Apple keeps its ‘Pro’ phones at a more compact size with its 6.1-inch display. Other brands tend to think buyers looking to upgrade to a Pro model must want a bigger phone, which isn’t always the case. Its size is compact enough to easily hold and use one-handed, which is a plus for anyone with smaller hands. Like with iPhones past, it still relies on facial recognition unlocking. At this point, Apple has pretty much perfected facial unlock, so there’s little to complain about. Ultimately, the iPhone 14 Pro looks like an iPhone, feels like an iPhone and is pretty much the stock standard experience that Apple users have come to expect. That doesn’t mean that it’s a boring phone when it comes to design and the way the phone feels to use – it just means that Apple has a pretty good handle on what to do with its devices at this point. - Dynamic Island makes use of what used to be dead space - Quality screen and built-in speakers create a fantastic viewing experience While the iPhone 14 Pro feels like a similar phone to its predecessor in some ways, Apple has packed in enough upgrades to also set this premium phone apart. Most notably the iPhone 14 Pro (and Pro Max) come with Apple’s new A16 bionic chipset, with a 6-core CPU and 5-core GPU. There’s also a little battery upgrade and an increase of brightness up to 1600 nits peak brightness for HDR and up to 2000 nits peak brightness for outdoors. You also get ProMotion (120Hz refresh rate), which was introduced with the 13 Pro. As you would expect from Apple’s Pro iPhone, you get a fast, zippy and pretty much seamless performance. While it does feel like a very similar experience to the iPhone 13 Pro (I didn’t notice any massive changes), it pretty much delivers the performance that you would want (and hope for) considering the price point. To set the iPhone 14 Pro (and Pro Max) apart, Apple has packed in a few extra features that help to keep the phone feeling fresh and like a proper upgrade. There’s the Always On display and the new Dynamic Island, with both of these features exclusive to the 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max. The Always On display feels a little different to what you typically get from the feature with an Android phone – it’s essentially showing the lock screen but with the brightness switched to very low. You can still see the time, lock-screen notifications and the background. It’s a feature that I personally could do without. While some iPhone users will no doubt be happy with this new addition, I find the feature distracting at times (especially seeing notifications staring at me and almost tempting me to check them). I also felt like the Always On display drained the battery more, but during benchmark testing I found this wasn’t the case. If you’re not a fan of the Always On display, you can luckily switch this feature off. However, the new Dynamic Island is no doubt one of the key features that Apple has made a big song and dance about. Rather than finding a way to eliminate the iPhone’s signature notch at the top of the screen that houses the front camera and Face ID components, Apple has opted to turn what was once essentially dead space, into a functional part of the phone. The Dynamic Island shows a range of activities in this tiny space, from unlocking, charging and battery notifications to indicating that music is playing (it shows the album artwork and moving sound bars). You can also tap Dynamic Island to open the corresponding app, such as your music player. As a functional feature, I really enjoyed it and although it doesn’t add to the performance, it’s more of a nice addition to the overall experience. It’s one of those features that with time integrates nicely into the experience, and you’ll forget what an iPhone was like without it. Apple has been delivering a quality viewing experience with its phones for a while now, so you can easily expect the iPhone 14 Pro to deliver one of the best viewing experiences in a smartphone. Watching videos is a treat — the picture quality is crisp, clear and vibrant, without feeling overly saturated. If you go headphone-free when watching videos or listening to music, the built-in speakers are ready to deliver the quality performance to back up the great screen. Sound is clear and has the depth you would hope for to back up the stunning display, creating a very cinematic experience for a smartphone. →Related article: AirPods vs AirPods Pro: Which Should You Buy? Not only do videos look and sound great on the iPhone 14 Pro, but it’s also a phone that easily handles your mobile gaming needs, with the 120Hz refresh rate creating a smooth experience. I found it to be generally seamless when playing games, but did have a few instances of a game app taking a while to load, but that could have also been an issue with the game or the app itself and not the phone. One thing Apple does very well is its adaptive brightness. Some devices struggle with this, and while there were a couple of occasions in dark conditions when watching some dark videos where I felt the iPhone 14 Pro needed a brightness boost, it wasn’t too often. Considering how fluid and seamless the adaptive brightness is, it’s not really something I found myself noticing too often. Whether you use your phone for web and social browsing, gaming, watching videos or listening to music, the iPhone 14 Pro handles it all very well. You get the kind of quality you would want for the premium price tag. Battery and charging iPhones have had a reputation for poor battery performance over the years, although Apple has made a significant step towards improving battery life with more recent devices. The iPhone 14 Pro’s battery has received a minor upgrade to its predecessor, with Apple stating that you’ll get up to 23 hours of video playback, compared to the 22 hours of video playback of the iPhone 13 Pro. I found it handled a full day (around 8 hours) of moderate usage (web browsing, social media browsing, regular idle periods, etc) fairly well, only draining around 26% of the battery on that particular day. However, slightly heavier use saw a 31% battery drain in around 7 hours and 20 minutes. Gaming did seem to drain the battery a bit, with just over 30 minutes of gaming chewing through around 6% of the battery. However, it handles video streaming really well, with around 1% battery drain for 10 minutes of HD YouTube video streaming, while I was able to watch 20 minutes of Disney+ at 100% charge, without it dropping a single percent. The charging performance is totally dependent on what type of charger you use. If you’re a long-term iPhone user and don’t find much of a need for a fast charger, using an old adaptor can be painfully slow. I used an old charger and was able to get it from 0% to 100% in 3 hours and 35 minutes. Using a 45W fast charger, I was able to charge from 0% to 100% in 2 hours and 17 minutes, however I did get from 0% to 59% in 33 minutes, which is great if you have a short amount of time and need a power boost. Ultimately, I feel like the days of being an iPhone user with battery anxiety seem to be behind us. Very light users will easily get multiple days of usage from one charge, moderate users will be able to get through a full day with little worries, but heavy users, particularly if you play a lot of games, might need an extra boost of charge later in the day. - Overall photo and video quality is stunning - Transition between cameras not the smoothest experience Another big upgrade that Apple packed into the iPhone 14 Pro (and Pro Max) was to the cameras. Apple has had a reputation for keeping the camera specs fairly simple (compared to the big megapixel cameras packed into other phones) but relying on the software to deliver its stellar camera performance. Now, Apple has caved in and popped a big 48MP main lens in the iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max. What this means is that the already impressive photos you were able to get with the iPhone 13 Pro have been massively boosted for the 14 Pro. Taking photos on an iPhone is usually a great experience regardless, but if you love your phone photography, the iPhone 14 Pro is hard to miss. Another big addition to the camera system is the introduction of Apple’s Photonic Engine, which is a new bit of camera tech that helps to give low-light photos a boost, although this is separate to Apple’s Night Mode. While there are added features and boosted specs, how does this all combine with real world usage? In short, the iPhone 14 Pro delivers a stunning photo-taking and video-recording experience. Outdoor photos are hard to fault. The colours and quality is clear and vibrant without the colours looking overly saturated. On a clear sunny day, or even when it’s early morning/late afternoon or a cloudy day, I found colours were very true to life and clear, while there was a lot of depth to the photos. Some phones often struggle with photos outdoors, especially when distinguishing the sky from the ground, with clouds and the sky prone to flaring, but you’ll get no such thing with the iPhone 14 Pro. The detail and depth to the clouds was impressive, and everything looked crystal clear. Apple’s iPhones have had impressive camera quality for many years now, but the iPhone 14 Pro is a step above and hard to find fault with. While 3x optical zoom was included on the iPhone 13 Pro (and is also included with the 14 Pro), Apple has introduced a quick touch 2x optical zoom to the 14 Pro, which makes taking photos much more simple. The optical zoom quality is great, and the 15x digital zoom is fairly decent. A digital zoom is never going to be perfect and clearly detailed, but Apple’s digital zoom tends to just blur the quality without much noise, which is great if you still want some detail to zoomed-in photos. Indoor photos are also excellent, and you do notice the true-to-life colours and overall vibrancy when indoors, and, once again, there was a really nice depth to the photos. It also does a good job at picking up textures in low-light indoor settings. Although I found colours are lacking a little bit of pop and are slightly more muted compared to other phones, like the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip4. I notice it most when taking photos of vibrant green fabrics, where the colour is a bit more muted. However, I also noticed that low-light and indoor photos were a little bit more boosted than what I get from my iPhone 12 Pro, no doubt thanks to the new Photonic Engine. It also handled a live music gig very well – Night Mode didn’t kick in so the stage lighting was enough brightness to take shots and the results were rather impressive and detailed. One thing to note is that even the iPhone 14 Pro is prone to producing those extra flaring spots that occur with bright light, such as the sun or stage lighting, although I felt it wasn’t too obvious with the 14 Pro as with older iPhones. Night Mode is also really impressive on the iPhone 14 Pro. Even though the phone is already great in low light settings, not only does Night Mode give a great boost to the dark setting, but – I’m going to sound like a broken record – these photos had really great depth too. I was surprised to also find that you could even see stars in the night sky fairly clearly in the photos (this is much clearer when viewing photos on the phone than when images have been digitally compressed for a website like the above photos). If you love your night photography, you’ll be happy with what you can get from the iPhone 14 Pro. Another important feature for the iPhone 14 Pro is its macro mode. Apple introduced this feature with the iPhone 13 Pro, which was a bit frustrating to use at the phone’s launch. The iPhone 14 Pro is a much smoother experience with macro mode, but it’s still not perfect. The moment your phone gets a bit close to something, even if you want to play around with the focus and not take a macro shot, it will switch to macro (although you can turn the setting off in the camera app now). The lens transitions are also still a little frustrating, but practice, patience and time helps you get used to it. Once you get the hang of macro mode, the results are stunning and it picks up on an amazing amount of detail – although I found it a bit trickier to take low-light macro photos without getting a bit of blur. As you’d also expect, portrait mode is excellent and produces a really natural-looking background blur that other devices sometimes struggle with. However, I do find it’s not quite as detailed as I’d like around tricky elements like hair when you’re having a bit of a frizzy hair day. To really get the most out of portrait mode, it does work much better with the rear camera than the selfie camera. But this is still nitpicking – the iPhone 14 Pro will deliver one of the best portrait and selfie-taking experiences on the market. Video is also excellent. If you love filming on your smartphone, the iPhone 14 Pro now includes 4K HDR at 24fps, which Apple states is the film industry standard. While I don’t film any cinematic masterpieces, I do love a quality video mode, and found the 14 Pro stood up to that test more than adequately. I gave it a spin during a noisy live music gig — I was standing almost right in front of the speakers where the sound was fairly intense — but the video and audio quality I got from that show was fantastic. Overall, it’s hard to fault the kind of performance you get from the iPhone 14 Pro cameras. It is the best camera set-up Apple has produced to date, and if you love phone photography and video recording, it’s a hard phone to beat. Should I upgrade to the iPhone 14 Pro Max? In addition to the iPhone 14 Pro, Apple has also released its big boi counterpart, the iPhone 14 Pro Max. Max by name, Max by nature, it’s a very hefty phone – and even heavier than the 14 Pro. Often these top-of-the-line and most-expensive-of-all-the-expensive phones include some big upgrades to cameras, battery and maybe even some extra features compared to flagships. However, Apple has kept most of the features the same between the Pro and Pro Max. With the 14 Pro Max, you are getting a bigger phone (6.7-inch display compared to the 6.1 inches of the Pro), and a bigger battery with up to 29 hours of video playback (compared to the 23 hours of the Pro). Testing out the 14 Pro Max, I was able to get around 8 hours of moderate usage (social and web browsing, occasional video watching, regular idle periods) with only 27% battery drain, while 20 minutes of HD video streaming drained just 1% of the battery. This is pretty much on par with the iPhone 14 Pro, but your battery will obviously stretch a bit further than the standard 14 Pro. Ultimately, using the iPhone 14 Pro Max felt very similar to the iPhone 14 Pro, and considering that most of the specs and features are the same, it’s not a surprise. It’s a great experience, just in a bigger package. I’ve never been a fan of big phones, but I really did enjoy using the Pro Max to watch videos – it gives that great cinematic experience that you get with the 14 Pro a boost with its bigger screen. If you’re trying to decide if the iPhone 14 Pro Max is worth the upgrade, keep in mind that you’re looking at a starting price of $2199 NZD (compared to the $1999 NZD starting price for the 14 Pro). It’s an expensive phone if you need more than the basic 128GB storage size. The big draw card is the size – if you prefer a bigger phone, then the Pro Max will definitely be worth the upgrade. The iPhone 14 Pro is a fairly compact size compared to other devices on the market, so if you have bigger hands, like to game and/or watch a lot of videos, you might find that larger screen is worth the upgrade. Should I buy the iPhone 14 Pro? It’s pretty hard to not sound like a broken record when reviewing the iPhone 14 Pro. Much of what is good about this phone is similar to what was great about the iPhone 13 Pro. As to be expected, Apple does incremental updates to its phones, so it’s not always going to include all new features or totally different specs to its predecessor. That being said, Apple has done an excellent job at making the iPhone 14 Pro feel a little bit more like a new phone than the past couple of releases. This is largely thanks to the inclusion of Dynamic Island, along with some of the camera upgrades. It’s most likely that if you’re considering buying the iPhone 14 Pro, you’re trying to decide whether it’s worth upgrading your old iPhone to this model, or if you’re trying to decide if this is enough of an upgrade for you to fork out your cash for, or even if it’s worth holding out until the next release. You might also be tossing up between the iPhone 14 and the 14 Pro and whether you need the Pro features. If you’re upgrading from iPhone 12 or older, then you’ll most likely feel this is enough of an upgrade to be worth it. If you’re not a serious photo taker but still want a good camera set-up, you might want to consider the iPhone 14. The iPhone 14 doesn’t include the Always On display or Dynamic Island features, so you’ll also want to keep in mind whether these features are important to you or not. If you’re a long-term iPhone user, you might find they’re fun or useful features, but not the ultimate make or break. For anyone considering an upgrade (maybe from the iPhone 13 or 12 series) or deciding whether to hold out until the next release, it’s worth weighing up why you’re looking to upgrade. It’s likely many of the features from the iPhone 14 Pro will find their way to the iPhone 15 Pro (or whatever name the 2023 iPhone may end up with), and there might be even more extra features or boosted specs. If you’re happy with your current phone overall, it’s probably not worth upgrading from the 13 series, but upgrading from an older iPhone, it will give you enough new features to keep you happy. Even if you’re just looking for that shiny new iPhone feeling, the iPhone 14 Pro will give you that. It doesn’t come cheap though, so consider whether you really need to go Pro or not. Ultimately, it’s the best of the best of Apple currently on the market. It’s hard to find fault with this device and if you’re a regular iPhone user, you’ll be happy with what the iPhone 14 Pro gives you. It’s got enough new features to make it feel like a fresh phone, along with a really nice and significant boost to the camera set-up to set it apart from its predecessors. |Consider the iPhone 14 Pro if |Don’t consider the iPhone 14 Pro if |You’ve got an iPhone 12 series phone or older and looking for an upgrade, or you’re big on phone photography (especially nature and macro photos). |You’ve got an iPhone 13 series phone or if you just want a premium iPhone without the extra features and you don’t take too many photos. Product used for review/testing was a free sample provided by Apple. About the reviewer of this page This report was reviewed by Canstar Content Producer, Andrew Broadley. Andrew is an experienced writer with a wide range of industry experience. Starting out, he cut his teeth working as a writer for print and online magazines, and he has worked in both journalism and editorial roles. His content has covered lifestyle and culture, marketing and, more recently, finance for Canstar.

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https://www.canstarblue.co.nz/phone-internet/iphone-14-pro-review/

2024-04-23T02:20:03Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818452.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423002028-20240423032028-00000.warc.gz

en

O what a tangled web we weave When first we practise to deceive When he was about four, Lucas kept a kiwi fruit as a pet. He had made a kind of crib for it out of a tin which had contained Marks & Spencers Curiously Strong Mints, and he had lined it with some cotton wool. The coverlet was a square of black fabric with the Specsavers logo on it that his father used to clean his glasses. When his dad wanted to reclaim it, Lucas wailed so piteously that his father said it was fine – he could easily get another one. Because his mother had told him that kiwi fruit are sometimes known as Chinese gooseberries, Lucas had named his pet, Penghui, after a Chinese boy at school. The crib was kept on top of a radiator in Lucas’s bedroom, despite his mother’s protests, and he kept his bedroom curtains closed at all times so that Penghui should not be disturbed. Lucas’s mother had protested about this too, but to no avail. Further tantrums had started to brew and she lacked the stamina to face them. This was a great shame, for Lucas’s father had papered his room with an aeroplane design featuring Spitfires, Hawks, Vulcans and Lancaster bombers and now no-one ever got to see them. To be honest, Lucas had been pretty indifferent towards them from the start and it was more important that Penghui’s sleep should not be disturbed by the light than anything else in the whole wide world. In many ways, it was his mother’s fault. She had picked up the kiwi fruit during her weekly shop as a treat for Lucas, who had never seen one. When she handed it to him, without explanation, he had asked if it was alive. Amused and charmed by the idea, she had said that it was hibernating. Lucas knew what this meant because his sister, Amber, had a tortoise called Nijinsky. She had grown bored with it long ago and it had been left to her mother to feed it fruit and cabbage stalks, which it would slowly devour with its horny, beak-like mouth. He was particularly partial to red grapes which he would tear apart, exposing the glistening purple flesh beneath the skin. Apart from that he was left to wander the garden with his laborious overarm crawl. From time to time, he would be lost in the shrubbery for a couple of days, but he would always reappear to continue his random patrol of the lawn and the flowerbeds. Once, when she was about Lucas’s age, Amber had picked Nijinsky up to kiss him and he had nipped her lip and then urinated down her white party frock. She had been disgusted by the dark brown stain on her white ballet dress and the spots of blood from her lip and their estrangement had started from then. Lucas had been with his mother in the garden shed as she prepared a hibernation box for Nijinsky. It was made from two cardboard boxes, one inside the other, and the gaps between the big box and the smaller one had been filled with those polystyrene pellets you get from Amazon for fragile purchases. There were plenty of air holes. She explained to Lucas that the inner box was to inhibit Nijinsky’s movements. A tortoise doesn’t just sit in his hibernation box like a pie, she told him. He will attempt to move about and may even wake up and try to burrow through the insulation and out of the box into the outside world. If he succeeded, exposure to extreme cold could blind him. His eyes could quite literally freeze solid. Or even worse, the cold could kill him in no time. Lucas let out a wail and shot indoors and up to his room to check on Penghui. It was fine. Penghui was safely asleep. In any case, there was no way he could possibly eat his way out of a tin. Carefully, he lifted his pet from the crib and, cradling it in the palm of one hand, he stroked it gently, enjoying the prickly fuzz. He had no idea why the grown-ups called it a kiwi fruit when it was obviously an animal. Perhaps it was because it was a baby; it would grow up to be a kiwi, whatever that was. Grown-ups were funny. They never explained things properly. Gently, he returned Penghui to his crib. Spring was a long way away and he couldn’t wait for the kiwi to wake up and become his playmate. He imagined that its head, legs and tail had retracted into its fuzzy body, like Nijinsky’s, and that one sunny morning when the daffodils were in bloom, they would peep out. He thought a kiwi probably had four short busy legs, a stubby little tail, amd a head with little pointed ears, quivering whiskers, and a long snout with a button nose like a twitching currant. Lucas was certain that Penghui would be cute and frisky and nothing like boring old Nijinsky. One dull morning in the middle of December, Lucas’s mother was cleaning his room and took a look at the kiwi fruit. It was very soft underneath. She realised with a pang of apprehension that very soon it would start to rot and leak. Lucas would be devastated. There were two options open to her: she could tell Lucas the truth (she would have to one day, anyway, she now realised), or she could replace it. The truth was out of the question, for now anyway. He was so besotted with the thing that she hadn’t the heart to tell him. It would be like telling a child that there was no Father Christmas. The other option was a nuisance but she would have to take it if there was to be peace in the household. Penghui would have to be replaced. There was a problem, however. Close to the stem end of the kiwi fruit was a little black mark. It couldn’t be ignored, for Lucas had explored every millimetre of his sleeping friend and declared to his mother that when Penghui came out of hibernation, the little black mark would prove to be just over one of his eyes. Lucas was so sure of this that he was prepared to bet on it and in the end his mother found herself, contrary to common sense and with a vague feeling of alarm, betting that the little black mark would be at the tail end and not just above one of Penghui’s eyes. The stake was fifty pence. So here she was, in the fruit and vegetable aisle at Waitrose, checking every kiwi fruit in the display to see if she could find one with a little black mark near the stem end. It was getting very close to Christmas and the store was packed. There is something about this time of year that makes it the very antithesis of the season of goodwill. Maybe it’s to do with a spurious sense of urgency; maybe it’s to do with a sense of guilt at the needless expenditure in the laden trolleys; maybe it’s the long queues at the checkouts, but shoppers in supermarkets tend to be irascible and impatient as the big day approaches. As she examined each individual fruit and turned it over in her hands with the delicacy of a surgeon, she became aware of a man, standing nearby. Raising her eyes slightly, she saw both of his hands drumming impatiently on the handle of the trolley. She raised her eyes to look at his face. ‘Any time before the New Year,’ he said. He didn’t look the type for kiwi fruit. Or persimmons. or cumquats or lychees or star fruit or mangosteens or any of the other exotic fruits that appear in supermarkets at this time of the year. He didn’t even look the type for Waitrose, she thought. ‘It’s for my son,’ she said, realising even as she spoke that this explained nothing. She smiled thinly. ‘Oh yes. And who would he be then ? Baby Jesus?’ She looked down, offended and embarrassed and noticed that the fruit she had picked up had a little black mark near the stem end. Her smile widened. ‘And a very happy Christmas to you too,’ she said and moved on serenely to look for chestnut stuffing and cranberry sauce, with Penghui II safely nestled among the tangerines in her trolley. Lucas noticed nothing. He decorated the tin crib with tinsel and Christmas passed without tantrums or scenes. Twice more, over the next month or so, Lucas’s mother struck lucky in Waitrose. The winter had been very cold and the central heatingin the house had had to be on full, day and night. Lucas refused point blank to have the crib anywhere but on the radiator, which was, of course, no place for a kiwi fruit. If she even touched it in his presence, Lucas’s lower lip would begin trembling, sure sign of an impending screaming fit. However, one afternoon in late January, she drew a complte blank in her search for Penghui V. She had handled every kiwi fruit in the box on display without success. Every single one was annoyingly perfect. Fortunately, there were very few people in the store in the post-festal doldrums and she was not interrupted. She chose one anyway, miserably thinking that she would have to dream up some excuse for the absence of the mark which Lucas would believe. When she had finished her weekly shop, she went to the stationery aisle to look for an amusing birthday card for Lucas’s birthday which was later in the week. As she browsed her eyes lit casually on the pens nearby and then focused on the indelible marker pens. Would it work? She selected a black pen, ripped it from its packaging, removed the top, plucked the kiwi fruit from the trolley and pressed the pen against the fuzzy, green-brown skin at the stem end. It was perfection. The little black indentation looked indisputably organic. Lucas would never know the difference and, what is more, her humiliating searches through the kiwi fruit stocks were over for good. She let out an involuntary squeak of delight, to find she was being watched by an open-mouthed woman in an expensive coat. The snow melted, the ice on the pavements receded and the trees dripped. Gradually, the temperature rose. One sunny morning in March, Lucas’s mum was depositing a pile of old magazines in the shed out of the way, when she heard Nijinsky moving about in his box. When she lifted the lid, he retired back into his shell but, all the same, the weather was mild and she judged that it was probably about time for him to wake up properly. Gingerly, she lifted him out of his box and carried him into the house and into the living room where she placed him on the carpet near the radiator. Lucas took great interest in all this, as a precedent for Penghui’s awakening and he lay on the carpet with his chin in his hands, waiting for Nijinsky to start moving about, occasionally tapping on his shell with a teaspoon. ‘Leave him alone, Lucas,’ said his mother. ‘How would you like it if I bashed you on the head with a teaspoon to wake you up? You know what a grumpy-puss you are in the morning. Let him wake up in his own time. He’s been asleep for months and it will take him a while.’ But the bottom lip started quivering and she gave up. Lucas continued to gaze at Nijinsky but deigned to let his mother take the teaspoon from him. She took it back to the kitchen. She was close to tears herself. She was going to have to tell Lucas the truth very soon. Once Nijinsky was up to speed, so to speak, and Penghui still inert, there would be no hiding it. The previous evening she had asked Lucas’s father for advice, He had not been very sympathetic. ‘It’s your own silly fault,’ he had said. Whatever possessed you to say it was hibernating in the first place. It’s obvious that it would lead to trouble.’ ‘It seemed innocent enough at the time,’ she said. ‘The boy’s got far too much imagination as it is without you encouraging him.’ It may seem strange to say that their marriage was being damaged by a kiwi fruit but it was pretty much near the truth. ‘I could say that it died while it was hibernating,’ she ventured. ‘And back up one lie with another? He’s going to find out that kiwi fruit are vegetables eventually.’ ‘They’re not vegetables, they’re…’ But his acid look silenced her. ‘You’d better tell him the truth as soon as possible. Only make sure I’m not in the house. The boy’s a nervous wreck as it is.’ So she was on her own. She finished peeling the potatoes, took off her marigolds, and resolved to get it over with. Just at that moment she heard him call her. He seemed very excited. In the living room, Nijinsky was awake and had lifted himself up on his scaly legs, while his flat head with its black pin eyes and fixed reptilian grin, moved ponderously from side to side, like a robot scanning the carpet. ‘Here goes,’ she said, coming in with a few thicknesses of double pages from The Guardian and a shallow but quite heavy earthenware bowl, containing tepid water. She set the newspaper down on the carpet and placed the bowl on top, near Nijinsky’s questing head. ‘Will he drink it?’ asked Lucas. ‘He will if you leave him alone. It’s been a very long time since he last had a drink. He’ll be very thirsty.. But he won’t if you bother him, Lucas, and if he doesn’t drink he’ll be poorly. Now, promise Mummy you’ll leave him alone..’ ‘Can I watch him? Oh, look, he’s pulled his head in.’ ‘I expect that’s because he doesn’t want to listen to us talking. He’s probably like Daddy. He doesn’t like people talking at breakfast time.’ ‘But how can he hear us without any ears?’ ‘You ask too many questions, monkey. Just sit on the sofa if you want to watch him. And don’t try to make him come out. I had to stop you sticking a twig up his tail end last summer.’ ‘Never mind “yes, but”. Mummy has work to do. Now do try and behave, Lucas. Mummy has a headache.’ And she retreated into the kitchen secretly daring to hope that Nijinsky’s resurrection had taken Lucas’s mind off the wretched kiwi fruit Back in the living room, Lucas had extended himself on his tummy on the sofa, with his head hanging over the end. Nijinsky was under close observation but from behind. Sure enough, when he judged the coast was clear, out slunk the tortoise’s head and he began to crawl laboriously towards the water. Lucas had seen a film where camouflaged soldiers were crawling through undergrowth, propelling themselves by their elbows. Nijinsky’s crawl over the pattern of the carpet reminded him of that, although his ‘elbows’ were turned out the wrong way. In slow motion, Sergeant Nijinsky hauled himself to the watering hole, pulled himself up with his claws over the low rim, and began to sip. Then, in slow motion, he disengaged himself from the bowl, rotated – just like a tank, thought Lucas – and urinated over the masthead of The Guardian. Then he withdrew his head and limbs. ‘Mummy! Nijinsky did a wee-wee on the paper!’ shouted Lucas, pleased that someone other than himself would get into trouble. With the patience that only mothers can summon, Lucas’s mother, picked Nijinsky up and laid him on fresh newspaper in a corner. Then she took an anglepoise lamp from her husband’s desk near the window, plugged it in, and set the lamp head about two inches above the tortoise. ‘You might think not much warmth would come from a lamp, monkey, but it will help Nijinsky readjust, you’ll see. Soon he’ll be scuttling about and then it will be time for him to go outside again.’ ‘Is he not hungry, Mummy?’ ‘Well, yes, probably, but his tummy is all confused and he’ll need to sort himself out. We’ll try him with a bit of lettuce in a few days’ time.’ Sure enough, later that week, Nijinsky applied himself to a heap of lettuce, cucumber and shredded carrot with considerable concentration. Ever since he had returned to the world of the living, Lucas had not once referred to Penghui, and his mother cautiously began to allow herself to feel that the crisis had resolved itself in just the same way as Amber’s interest in Nijinsky had been deflected. Even her relationship with her husband had taken a turn for the better and he was coming home from the office earlier in the evenings. Lucas seemed obsessed with Nijinsky and would watch him for long periods, even when he retracted into his shell. Later Lucas moved Penghui from his tin on the radiator in his room to his little blue dinosaur activity desk and placed him underneath his Batman lamp on a copy of The Beano. His father had The Beano delivered along with The Guardian and The Observer, hoping that his son would take an interest in the comic and that it would help him with his reading. Of course, his mother knew that her husband had really ordered The Beano for himself and had done so since he was at university. Lucas had been largely indifferent but the latest copy would serve a purpose now if Penghui needed a wee. Without saying a word, he had taken a shell-shaped soap dish from the guest bathroom and filled it with water, placing it reverentially near Penghui, along with some Haribos. However, nothing was said, and Lucas’s mother took heart from that, and the fact that Lucas appeared to have turned his attention entirely to Nijinsky and to the Lego Junior Police Helicopter Set his father had bought him. She couldn’t have been more wrong. Lucas was playing the long game. One bright, clear morning, two days after Nijinsky had resumed feeding and rhomboids of sunshine fell from the windows and onto the carpet, Lucas’s mother said: ‘I think we’ll pop Nijinsky into the garden this afternoon, monkey. It should be warm enough by then. Like all small boys, Lucas had a strong sense of injustice. There was Nijinsky, under the coffee table, smugly asleep in his shell. That very afternoon he would be zooming around the lawn or plunging into the shrubbery, while poor Penghui lay upstairs, in an enchanted sleep more profound, and possibly more fateful, than that in which the Sleeping Beauty had been enshrouded. How to break the spell? Lucas reasoned that he had replicated the conditions in which Nijinsky had come back to life to the letter. He had been placed on paper with water close by. He had been set beneath a lamp. What had he missed? He sat astride the broad arm of the sofa which he regarded as his horse. It was a good place to think, sitting there in the saddle. He noticed that a patch of light on the carpet had moved a little, from a cluster of roses to a flourish of dark leaves. He tried to catch the light moving but it was impossible, and yet, and yet…there it was illuminating the next knot of pink flowers. Suddenly, Lucas knew what he must do. It was to do with being downstairs. It probably had something to do with the carpet itself. It would remind Penghui of being outdoors. Lucas tiptoed upstairs to his room and with infinite care carried Penghui and the soap dish of water to the living room, where he set them down in front of the french windows, at exactly the spot where Nijinsky had come back to life just over a week ago. Then he lay down on his front, his chin in his hands, to watch the awakening which he thought must be inevitable – and imminent. ‘Lucas!’ his mother called from the kitchen. ‘Come and get your lunch.’ ‘I’m not hungry, Mummy,’ he replied. ‘Don’t be silly. It’s your favourite. Tomato soup with croissants.’ ‘No really. I’m not hungry.’ ‘Lucas, I don’t have time for this. Come in here this instant.’ Wearily, Lucas clambered to his feet and slouched towards the kitchen, with a backward glance at where Penghui lay on the carpet. What if he woke up while he was having his boring old lunch? He would miss the most important moment in his entire life. And Penghui would feel so lonely, waking up on his own. And tomato soup wasn’t his favourite anyway. Pizza was. Anyway, he wasn’t going to tell his mother anything. She would only spoil things. Grown-ups always did. He climbed up on his stool at the brunch bar and tried to look as sullen as he could. He stirred the steaming soup around a few times and then sat there with his spoon dangling vertically from his right hand. In his left he clutched a croissant and he rested his head on his knuckles.. There were buttery flakes in his hair and all over the bar. His mother tried to engage him in conversation. He would be starting school in September. It would be really exciting and he would make lots of new friends. There would be all sorts of games and activities and Mrs Parry was such a sweetie. He would learn ever so much and might even achieve his ambition to run a Circus in Space. Normally, this would have set him prattling about what kind of alien animals he would have in his menagerie and the feats his interstellar acrobats would perform. Today, however, he said nothing. He put the squashed croissant down, rubbed his hair into greasy spikes and continued to play with his soup, lifting a spoonful into the air and letting it splash into the bowl. His mother hoped she was right about big school. Nursery school had not been particularly successful. Lucas, whilst not particularly unhappy, had seemed to prefer his own company. The friendly advances of other children had been rebuffed. He had splashed blue paint on Jessica Glenn’s picture of her mother, which had been unintentionally scary any way. He had filled Charlie Vereker’s wellies with sand from the sandpit and then tipped the sand over Charlie’s head when he protested. Any reprimand from Miss Charig would be met with volcanic tantrums, and on several occasions she had been forced to ring Lucas’ mother and ask for him to be taken home. These explosions terrified the other children and it was not surprising that they had begun to shun him. ‘Lucas, will you stop playing with your food,’ she now said sharply. ‘I told you I wasn’t hungry but you wouldn’t listen.’ ‘There’ll be no Petit Filou for you if you don’t eat your soup. And look at the mess you’ve made. You really are an exasperating little boy, Lucas.’ ‘I don’t want a bloody Petit Filou! I bloody hate them. It’s you who thinks I like them. They’re bloody horrible and bloody bloody slimy!’ he screamed, hurling his spoon on the bar so hard that it bounced off into the sink with a clang. ‘Lucas! I will not tolerate such language. Go to your room. How dare you?’ ‘I will NOT go to my room,’ said Lucas deliberately, catching and holding her eye for the first time. Then he swung off his stool and bashed through the door into the living room with his mother in pursuit. Then they both stood stock still. Nijinsky had crawled across the carpet and was eating Penghui. He had about a quarter of him in his mouth lengthwise. The horny beak pierced the brown fur, exposing the jewel green flesh with its little black seeds. Juice dribbled under the reptile’s old man’s chin. The beak pierced the skin again and the tortoise showed his repellent pink tongue and swallowed a little more. Lucas screamed and screamed. Lucas would not stop screaming. Lucas is seventeen now. He has not spoken a word since Penghui was killed, though he still has screamig fits at intervals. At first the family tried to cope with this. Nijinsky had to be given away to a tortoise sanctuary in Kent, after Lucas had made several attempts to harm him, once with a hammer. Amber, who had not shown the slightest interest in him for months, was suddenly anguished about his departure. Most of the time Lucas lay on his bed staring at the ceiling, refusing to communicate in any way. If he came downstairs, he would stand at the french windows gazing into the garden, but could not be persuaded to go out. He would not make eye contact. He would either look away or stare right through your head. At first their GP maintained that his silence was the result of shock, a kind of post-traumatic stress disorder. It didn’t matter that the stress had been caused by a vivid imagination and was in itself ludicrous. It was nonetheless powerful. The good news was that it was almost certainly temporary. Whatever was wrong with Lucas, the most alarming symptom was his refusal to eat. He would sit at the table with his hands in his lap, looking at nothing. If his mother attempted to feed him, he would whimper, or sob as if he were out of breath – sure prelude to a tantrum if the food were not whisked away quickly. Fruit could not be put on the table, any salad with lettuce or cucumber in it would prompt a flare-up and, one evening, he demolished a large apple pie with his fists. His parents could only surmise that this was because the pie had reminded him of a tortoise. It was not long before his dramatic weight loss – he had been a chubby child hitherto – persuaded the GP that he wasn’t going to get better on his own and he was referrred to a children’s mental health clinic and admitted for his own safety. He was well-treated. The ward was clean and the nurses caring and committed. There was little that could be done for him in terms of therapy. How could you treat someone who would not speak? Progress was made with his eating, however, largely through trial and error. He would agree to eat porridge, in tiny portions at first, and then increasingly large portions with honey stirred in. There had been setbacks, of course. He had hurled a bowl of sago pudding at a nurse and he had to be isolated on the occasion when he had attacked another child with a stick of celery. The only time he had been persuaded to communicate, he drew a picture of a child, presumably himself, with ears and hair, but no facial features whatever. And so he continued, in this condition, until the age of sixteen, when by law he had to undergo the transition to an adult institution. There he is now, living on porridge and scrambled eggs and sometimes Marmite toast, a recent addition to his diet. He is treated well because he causes no trouble. He can dress himself and keep himself clean and he doesn’t wander or get under the feet of the nurses. He doesn’t need any medication because there is no known treatment for his condition. Unlike many of the other patients, he does not require sedation. He is often allowed to sit alone on a bench in the garden for the whole day. His parents, now divorced, rarely visit and if they do he doesn’t recognise them. On rainy days he sits in the day room. The scenes around him are appalling. There is a man who keeps whispering to him that he has sex with flies. Another claims to be attracted to the space shuttle and says that he wants to be a welding machine when he’s released, which he always insists will be the day after tomorrow.One believes his penis is stolen by demons overnight and replaced in the morning. One man sits in a corner facing the wall and keens all day long. Several are as dissociated as Lucas but that is because they are so heavily medicated. Most of these people are filthy and bedraggled and the room smells of urine and sometimes vomit. Lucas is oblivious to all this. Lucas rarely has tantrums now. If he could tell you, or wanted to, Lucas would say that he feels unreal, as if he is watching himself in a film. Everyone around him is a stranger. His surroundings are different every day. He doesn’t recognise his image in a mirror. He is waiting patiently for the day when a giant tortoise will arrive and release him from his internment by ripping apart his green flesh and eating him. © Ian Thomson 2016 First Published in Come Away, O Human Child, and Other Tales – Available on Amazon

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://www.ianthomsonauthor.com/hibernation-a-free-short-story/

2024-04-23T01:57:30Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818452.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423002028-20240423032028-00000.warc.gz

en

Aflatoxins, which assume importance due to their destructive effects on human health, poultry and livestock, are a group of potent hepatotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunosuppressive metabolites produced mainly by the fungi of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus (1, 2). There are reasonable economic and safety reasons for establishing highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective and rapid analytical methods for regular screening of aflatoxin B1 in a range of specimens (3, 4). Several methods such as high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have currently used for detection of aflatoxin B1 in different specimens. Recently, some new nanobiosensors using different nanoparticles or microarray systems for detection of mycotoxins have been designed (5-10). However, rapid, sensitive and early detection of aflatoxicosis would be very helpful to distinguish high-risk persons. In recent years, based on such characteristics as easy handling, fast and high sensitivity, QDs in FRET-based nanobiosensor have extensively studied for the detection and diagnosis of different kinds of molecules and diseases (11-13). Unique optical properties have made QDs one of the most important labeling materials for biological and medical diagnostic applications. QDs are approximately spherical, the shell of which can be capped with various water-soluble functional groups, and are easily dispersed in water (14, 15). These surface functional groups could attach to biomolecules to form QD-nanobioconjugate. An example for this case is the terminal carboxylic groups of thioglycolic acid linked to various biomolecules (16, 17). Moreover, QDs as ideal donors possess many advantages in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) applications (18, 19). FRET occurs when the electronic excitation energy of a donor fluorophore is transferred to a nearby acceptor molecule. In this study, a very high sensitive, simple and rapid FRET-based nanobiosensor designed to detect aflatoxin B1 (Scheme 1). The QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin considered as main parts of the nanobiosensor. We also used a novel magnetic/silica core shell that interestingly acts as an intensifier of the related signals. In this study, we decided to make a highly sensitive nanobiosensor to detect aflatoxin B1 in real samples. 2. Materials and Methods Aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B1-albumin conjugate, anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody, cadmium chloride (CdCl2), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), tellurium powder (Te), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hy- drochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) purchased from Sigma chemical company (St. Louis, Mo, http://www.sigmaaldrich.com). Thioglycolic acid (TGA), FeSO4, FeCl3, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and all other chemicals obtained from Merck chemical company (Darmstadt, Germany, http://www. merck. de). All the materials were used as supplied without further purification. All the solutions were prepared using double-distilled water. All fluorescence spectra recorded on a Shimadzu fluorescence spectrometer (Japan, http://www.shimadzu.com). All optical measurements carried out under ambient conditions. A Malvern dynamic light scattering (DLS) apparatus (UK, http://www. Malvern. com) used to investigate the size distribution of the synthesized QDs. All the experiments carried out in triplicate. 2.1. Preparation of TGA-Capped Cd/Te QDs The Cd/Te QDs was synthesized and characterized according to the procedure reported in our previous work. (12, 13, 18, 19). Briefly, Te powder (0.1 g) was reduced by NaBH4 (0.280 g) in 10 mL double-distilled water under vigorous stirring and continuous N2 bubbling. After 5 h, color of the solution altered from violet to white. The solution was ultra-filtered to eliminate white precipitate of sodium tetraborate. Then the fresh prepared oxygen-free NaHTe aqueous solution was added into a CdCl2 2.5 H2O (0.358 g) in 200 mL nitrogen-saturated double-distilled water at pH 10 in the presence of TGA (200 mL) as a stabilizing and capping agent. The mixture was refluxed under a nitrogen atmosphere while vigorously stirring. Different sizes of QDs could be achieved by prolonging the refluxing time. For removing excess substances, the crude solution was washed three times with absolute ethanol and centrifuged for 15 min at 10,000 ×g. The resulting precipitate was re-dispersed in 250 mL double-distilled water and kept in a dark and cool place. Maximum excitation and emission wavelength of the synthesized QDs were 375 nm and 535 nm, respectively. 2.2. Preparation of QDs-anti-aflatoxin B1 Antibody Nanobioconjugate For preparation of QD-anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody nanobioconjugate, the prepared QDs solution (1 mL) was mixed with solution of EDC (1 mg.2.5 mL-1) and NHS (1 mg.2.5 mL-1) at pH 6.0 and incubated for 1 h at room temperature in a dark place. Subsequently, the ice-cold solution of anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody was added by drop wise addition to the ice-cold carboxyl group activated QDs while gently stirring, and the whole solution was kept for 1 h in this condition in dark. In order to characterize the formation of the QDs-anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody nanobioconjugate, optical density of the sample of anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and QDs-anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody nanobioconjugate at 280 nm, before and after centrifugation at 10,000 ×g for 20 min at 4ºC, were recorded on a spectrophotometer. The stock solution was kept at 4ºC in dark for further use. 2.3. Labeling of Aflatoxin B1-Albumin Bioconjugate with Rho 123 For preparation of Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin bioconjugate, Rho 123 (1 mg) was dissolved in 1 mL of phosphate buffer solution (50 mM, pH 6) and then chilled. The prepared solution was added to 2 mL of ice-cold phosphate buffer solution (50 mM, pH 6) containing 1 mg of aflatoxin B1-albumin. The homogenized mixture was prepared by repeated and gently pipetting. One mL of solution of EDC (1 mg.2.5 mL-1) and NHS (1 mg.2.5 mL-1) at pH 6.0 was then added to the prepared mixture and incubated for 1 h at 4°C in dark. Consequently, the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin was dialyzed (cutoff: 10 kDa) against 2×1 l of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 to remove any excess substances. In order to characterize the labeling of the aflatoxin B1-albumin with Rho 123, optical density of the dialyzed mixture was measured on a spectrophotometer at 450 nm. The solution of aflatoxin B1-albumin was considered as a blank. Because of photosensitivity of Rho 123, the stock solution kept at 4ºC in dark for further use. 2.4. Synthesis of Magnetic/Silica Core-Shell Magnetic silica nanoparticles synthesized based on the procedure in our previous work (20). In brief, FeCl3 and FeSO4 dissolved in double distilled water. The solution kept under nitrogen flow. Then, ammonium hydroxide solution added to the solution. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles collected using magnetic bar. Trinatrium citrate used as a stabilizing agent under sonication (Hielscher ultrasonic, Germany. http://www.hielscher.com). The citrate-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles solution sonicated for 20 min. Upon complete dispersion of the magnetic nanoparticles, to keep the solution pH in 9-10 NH3 added into the mixture and stirred gently. Subsequently, TEOS added while vigorously stirred and kept for 3 h in this condition. Characteristics of the magnetic/silica core-shell were investigated by TEM and SEM. 2.5. Biosensor Evaluation For evaluation of the ability and sensitivity of the designed nanobiosensor for detecting of aflatoxin B1, a reaction mixture containing Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin bioconjugate (0.06 mM) and QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody (0.03 mM) in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) and NaCl (100 mM) was prepared. After incubating the reaction for 3 min to ensure the formation of immuno-complex of the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin bioconjugate and the QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody, the samples were excited at 375 nm. Emission spectra were recorded in a range of 450 to 620 nm) on a spectrofluorimeter. Excitation and emission bandwidth were selected at 10 nm and 15 nm, respectively. To evaluate the intensifying effect of the magnetic/silica core shell, the prepared magnetic/silica core shell was sequentially added to the above-mentioned media to a final concentration of 10-100 mg.L-1 (based on the magnetic concentration). Then the emission of the reaction mixture was recorded as mentioned above. To evaluate the ability of the system to detect aflatoxin B1 in a sample, a stock solution of one mg.mL-1 of aflatoxin B1 in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.4) and NaCl (100 mM) was prepared and then was sequentially added to the reaction mixture. Emission spectra of the samples were recorded after incubating the reaction mixture for 3 min at room temperature in a 1cm pass-length quartz cell, at the same condition as mentioned above. 3.1. Characterization of the Prepared Cd/Te QDs The results show the maximum emission peak of the QDs at 535 nm, while the maximum absorption and emission peaks of Rho 123 are 510 nm and 580 nm, respectively. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the QDs emission spectrum was about 35 nm. Emission wavelength of the QDs and absorption wavelength of Rho 123 shows maximum spectral overlap that is critical to obtain optimum FRET phenomenon. In our previous study, data from TEM image and DLS analysis of the prepared TGA-capped Cd/Te QDs showed that, the core shell have a spherical morphology with a particle size of about 3 nm and good monodispersity. The obtained QDs dispersed in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) showed high optical stability, without considerable loss of fluorescence intensity during three months (data not shown). 3.2. Characterization of the QDs-Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Antibody Nanobioconjugate Reduction in optical density (at 280 nm) of the solution of the QDs-anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody nanobioconjugate after high-speed centrifugation confirmed successful covalent coupling between the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and the QDs. Immobilization of the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody on the shell of the prepared QDs did not alter their emission spectra. 3.3. Labeling of Aflatoxin B1-Albumin with Rho 123 To verify the labeling of the aflatoxin B1-albumin with Rho 123, optical density of the dialyzed mixture of aflatoxin B1-albumin-Rho 123 was measured on a spectrophotometer, in Rho 123 maximal absorbance wavelength, at 510 nm. A strong absorption at 510 nm showed the presence of Rho 123 in the sample. 3.4. Preparation of Magnetic/Silica Core Shell The prepared magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic/silica core shell had a spherical morphology with an average size of 10-15 nm and the magnetic/silica core shell had a spherical morphology with an average particle size of about 70 nm and good monodispersity. The thickness of silica shell was estimated as 50-55 nm. The obtained magnetic/silica core shell dispersed in the phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) showed high stability in optical properties, without considerable agglomeration (data not shown). 3.5. Energy Transfer Between QDs and Rho 123 An intensified FRET system obviously observed in the presence of magnetic/silica core shell when an immunoreaction occurred between the QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin. In this study, the final concentration of magnetic/silica core shell was set up at 100 mg.mL-1 in the reaction media that gave us maximum signal intensifying. The fluorescence intensity of Rho 123 at 580 nm was enhanced upon sequential addition of a solution containing Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin, from 0.01 mmol.mL-1 to 0.06 mmol.mL-1, at a specific period. The observed changes in Rho 123 emission were directly proportional to the final concentration of the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin until all the antigen binding capacity of the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody occupied with the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin. However, a further increase in the concentration of the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin resulted in no significant enhancement in the emission peak of Rho 123. By adding a specimen containing aflatoxin B1, the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin could competitively replaced by aflatoxin B1 that leads to reduction in the fluorescence intensity of the system (Figure 1). Figure 2 clearly indicates that there is a good correlation between the decreased fluorescence intensity of Rho 123 at 580 nm with increasing concentration of aflatoxin B1 in specimen, over the range of 0.01 mmol.mL-1 to 0.06 mmol.mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated as 2×10-12 M, based on equation LOD=3SD.K-1, where SD is the standard deviation of blank measurements (n: 7) and K is the slope of calibration curve. In this work, we prepared a highly sensitive FRET-based nonobiosensor for detection of aflatoxin B1 using the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody, aflatoxin B1-albumin conjugate, Rho 123, Cd/Te QDs core shell and magnetic/silica as an optical intensifier. In this study, we proposed that magnetic/silica core shell act as nano-mirrors in reaction mixture that could interestingly magnify the optical signal obtained from FRET phenomenon. This may leads to higher sensitivity of the system and could detect even smaller amount of aflatoxin B1 in specimens. In fact, the magnetic/silica core shell used not only magnified the excitation intensity of the QDs, but also intensified the emission of the immobilized Rho123. The magnification of the excitation and the emission of the biosensing system led to an increase in the obtained signal, which in turn enhanced the sensitivity of the system. Based on the results obtained, the designed nanobiosensor showed more sensitivity (10-12 mol aflatoxin B1) compared to our previous study (REF). By reviewing other similar studies, we found out that the present nanobiosensor possessed the highest sensitivity, very close to the sensitivity of the impedimetric immunosensor designed by Bacher et al. 2012. Water-soluble, highly monodispersed and stable Cd/Te QDs and magnetic/silica core shell were synthesized to fabricate the nanobiosensor. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles by spectrophotometer, spectrofluorimeter and TEM confirmed that the particles were suitable for the designed nanobiosensor. As the emission spectra of the synthesized QDs and excitation wavelength of Rho 123 show an appropriate overlap, they were selected as a donor and acceptor, respectively. In fact, we can choose an extended excitation wavelength due to the wide absorption spectrum of QDs. Since Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin showed no significant fluorescence intensity at an emission wavelength of 375 nm, it was selected as the excitation wavelength for the FRET system. To combine the QDs with anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody, the QDs were attached to the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody via covalent interactions between carboxyl groups of the TGA-capped QDs and amino groups of the antibody. To obtain maximal FRET signal between QDs and Rho 123, different concentration of Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin and QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody were tested for the nanobiosensor preparation. Optimum immunoreaction between the QDs-labeled anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin was achieved at a molar ratio of about 2:1. At this ratio, the immunoreaction of two molecules of aflatoxin B1 with one molecule of antibody is predictable. At lower molar ratios, excess Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin do not participate in the formation of the aflatoxin B1-antibody immuno-complex, which lead to the reduction of FRET signal. In this condition, because of the existence of the free antibody, which in turn binds to aflatoxin B1 in specimen, it underestimates the concentration of aflatoxin B1 in specimen. At higher molar ratios, excess of the Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1 lead to loss of accuracy and sensitivity of the nanobiosensor. In this condition, because of existence of the excess Rho 123-labeled aflatoxin B1-albumin in the prepared nanobiosensor, more aflatoxin B1 must be added to overcome competitive replacement in binding sites of the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody. This leads to loss of the accuracy and the sensitivity of the nanobiosensor especially in the detection of lower concentration of aflatoxin B1 in specimen. As mentioned and summarized in Table 1 and in comparison with the similar investigations, our detection limit (2×10-12 M) is very close to other researches. Therefore, based on the results and those with more complementary experiments, it is possible to estimate aflatoxin B1 in patient’s specimens or agricultural products by comparing the obtained signals with a standard curve. in one hand, the biomolecules of anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin B1-albumin that were labeled with QDs and Rho 123, respectively leads to a considerable energy transfer between the QDs and the Rho 123 and on the other hand, the presence the magnetic/silica core shell that in turn intensify the optical signal of the nanobiosensor the designed nanobiosensor showed higher sensitivity in comparison with our previous work. In this situation, even a few amount of aflatoxin B1 could be detected in specimen. Based on the results of this study, magnetic/silica core shell effectively intensified the signal of the system. So it could be used in other optical-based detection system to make the system more sensitive. We appreciate the financial and technical support provided by Nanozino R and D Company.

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Down To Earth (February 01-15 2024) Cement Industry and Carbon Emission - Recently, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) reported on the 'Decarbonizing India Cement Sector'. About the Cement Sector - Cement is the most widely-used substance on Earth after water. When mixed with water, it forms concrete that becomes the backbone of infrastructure needs like buildings, roads, dams and bridges. - The raw material for cement is limestone; and to manufacture the product, carbon must be removed from limestone. - It adds to cement’s emission intensity. - The process, known as calcination, requires very high temperatures in the kiln— up to 1,450°C —which requires fuel to burn. - More than 50% of the industry’s greenhouse gas footprint comes from process emissions — the reduction of limestone and the release of CO2 — and the remaining mainly from combustion in the furnace. - The Ministry of Finance in India has mentioned the construction of 2 crore more houses under the PM Awas Yojana (Gramin) in the next 5 years. - This could imply a significant demand for cement in the near future. Global Cement Production - China produces the most cement globally by a large margin, at an estimated 2.1 billion metric tons in 2022. - China’s cement production share equates to over half of the world’s cement. - Global Cement Market Size: It was valued at USD 363.67 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow from USD 405.99 billion in 2023 to USD 544.55 billion by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 4.3% during the forecast period. Production in India - The Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world with an installed cement capacity of 600 million tonnes and production of 391 million tonnes of cement in 2022-23. - The cement production data is used by the office of Economic Advisor, DPIIT to calculate the Index of Eight Core Industries, in which the weightage of Cement production is 5.37%. - Cement is one of the eight core industries in India. Issues associated with the cement industry - It is critical for economic growth, but has a high carbon intensity—accounting for 7% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted globally. - Emissions are intrinsic to the manufacturing of cement. - It is responsible for about 8% of planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions — far more than global carbon emissions from aviation. - In India, according to the Union Environment Ministry, it contributed 5.63% of the total emissions in 2016 and 5.72% in 2019. - Key strategies to cut carbon emissions in cement production include improving energy efficiency, switching to lower-carbon fuels, promoting material efficiency (to reduce the clinker-to-cement ratio and total demand), and advancing innovative near zero emission production routes. - Adopting material efficiency strategies to optimise the use of cement can help reduce demand along the entire construction value chain, helping to cut CO2 emissions from cement production. - The Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is also likely to play a critical role in decarbonising cement; alternatives might involve making clinkers from non-carbonate sources to avoid these emissions altogether. Steps taken by India - India’s cement industry has substituted to some extent the use of limestone with fly ash—a waste product from the burning of coal in thermal power plants. - India has improved its energy efficiency because it could reduce the cost of fuel. - The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has notified standards for another category called Composite Cement (CC), in which fly ash and slag can substitute limestone use by as much as 60%. - Recently, it was found that the epiphytic orchids are in stress because of deforestation in their natural habitat. About Wild Orchids - Wild Orchids, belonging to the family ‘Orchidaceae’, are one of the largest families of flowering plants or angiosperms. - With over 25,000 species, they can be found in almost every corner of the planet, from the humid rainforests of South America to the arid deserts of Australia. - They often have vibrant colours and unique shapes to attract pollinators. Some orchids even mimic the appearance and scent of female insects to lure males for pollination. - They are classified into three categories: - Epiphytic: plants that grow on another plant and rock boulders; - Terrestrial: plants that grow on land and climbers, and; - Mycoheterotrophic: plants that derive nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi that are attached to the roots of a vascular or flowing plant. - They are highly evolved, with 600-800 genera and 25,000-35,000 species all over the globe. - In India alone, there are more than thousand species of orchids, with 388 species endemic to the country. - These 757 orchid species are epiphytic, 447 are terrestrial, and 43 are mycoheterotrophic in India. - Habitat and Distribution: - They are predominantly found in tropical regions, but they can also grow in temperate climates, on every continent except Antarctica. - In India, these are predominantly found in the Himalayas, followed by the North East, Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. - The Western Ghats are home to about one-third (128) of the endemic species, that includes the varieties like Acampe Rigida and Bulbophyllum Careyanum (Endangered, Red List IUCN). - Hilly areas and grasslands provide habitat for certain terrestrial orchids. - Orchids are extremely susceptible to habitat disturbance due to their mycorrhizal specificity, pollinator specialisation, limited germination rates, and sparse distribution in specific habitats. - Illegal logging and development have led to habitat loss, causing the wild orchids to die off at an alarming rate. - The European Parliament recently passed a regulation to phase out fluorinated gases to near zero by 2030. About Fluorinated Gases - These gases are refrigerants introduced in the 1990s to replace ozone-depleting compounds, but they are 140 to 23,500 times more harmful than carbon dioxide for the climate. - They are used in a variety of applications, including commercial and industrial refrigeration, air-conditioning systems, heat pump equipment, and as blowing agents for foams, fire extinguishants, aerosol propellants, and solvents. - While fluorinated gases are ozone-friendly and enable energy efficiency, they have a high global warming potential (GWP), and some are nearly inert to removal by chemical processes. - Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs): These contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. - HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) has grown to become the most abundant HFC in Earth’s atmosphere. - Perfluorocarbons (PFCs): These are compounds consisting of fluorine and carbon. - They are widely used in the electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in refrigeration when combined with other gases. - Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6): This is used primarily as an arc suppression and insulation gas. - It can be found in high-voltage switchgear and is used in the production of magnesium. - Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3): This is used primarily as an etchant for microelectronics fabrication. - Regulation and Phase-Down: The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and several national and international legislations, such as the 2014 EU F-gas Regulation, aim to control the utilisation and emissions of these gases. - In the EU, the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is underway, with successive reductions in quotas up to 2050. - Waste Management: Efficient strategies for managing the produced and already existing F-gases are vital to mitigate their effect on the environment. - Most of the F-gases recovered from end-of-life equipment or when retrofitting systems are either released into the atmosphere or destroyed1. Increasing separation and recycling efforts must be made. - Use of Alternatives: F-gases can be replaced by existing natural coolants such as ammonia gas, hydrocarbons, or even CO2. Climate-friendly cooling technologies that utilise natural coolants are promoted worldwide. - Energy Efficiency: Reducing emissions of F-gases also involves reducing the energy consumption of refrigeration and air conditioning units, which indirectly produce CO2 emissions. - Circular Economy Principles: New strategies are being developed to valorize the existing refrigerants under circular economy principles. - This involves building institutional and technical capacities in partner countries, identifying potential routes to financing, and supporting international and bilateral cooperation on climate and ozone protection policy. - According to the third advance estimates released by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, the total horticulture crop production in the country for 2022-23 may be 355.25 million tonnes. - It suggests the estimates are a 2.32% increase over the final production for 2021-22 Horticulture Crops in India - It ensures the nutritional security of the nation, provides alternate rural employment opportunities, diversification in farm activities, and enhanced income to farmers. - It comprises fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs - It is contributing about 33% to the agriculture Gross Value Added (GVA). - India is currently producing about 320.48 million tonnes of horticulture produce, surpassing the food grain production. - Area under horticultural crops too, saw a marginal rise to 28.34 million hectares in 2022-23 from 28.04 million hectares in 2021-22. - The productivity of horticulture crops is much higher compared to the productivity of foodgrains. - India has emerged as a world leader in the production of a variety of fruits like mango, banana, guava, papaya, sapota, pomegranate, Lime & Aonla and is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables. - Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented in the States/UTs since 2014-15 for the holistic development of horticulture. - It supports the production of quality planting material, area expansion of fruits, vegetables, spices, and plantation crops, protected cultivation, and creation of post-harvest management infrastructures. - Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): The project proposals of State Governments for horticulture development are supported under this scheme. - National Food Security Mission (NFSM): This mission is implemented for increasing the production of rice, wheat, coarse cereals, nutri cereals, and pulses. - Under NFSM, assistance is given to farmers for interventions like cluster demonstrations on improved package of practices, demonstrations on cropping system, seed production, and distribution of high yielding varieties (HYVs)/hybrids, improved farm machineries/resource conservation machineries/ tools, efficient water application tools, plant protection measures, nutrient management/ soil ameliorants, processing and post-harvest equipment, cropping system based trainings, etc. - State-Specific Initiatives: Several states have their own horticulture development agencies, like the Tamil Nadu Horticulture Development Agency (TNHDA), which implement various schemes such as the National Horticulture Mission, Micro Irrigation, Precision Farming, and National Bamboo Mission. - The Earth and Space Science found that the Jhelum basin in the Kashmir Himalayas has over 100 active rock glaciers with moving or melting permafrost. About Rock Glaciers - These are typically formed in mountainous regions with a combination of permafrost, rock debris, and ice. - Melting permafrost makes these areas unstable. - Rock glaciers are permafrost structures found in the Kashmir Himalayas, with significant ice volumes within. - More than 100 of these had ridges and bulges on their body, which indicates that the permafrost in them has started moving or melting. - These are called ‘active glacial rocks’ and may contribute to natural disasters as the region warms. - These permafrost structures particularly increase the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and landslides in the Jhelum basin region. - The ongoing warming of the world makes these areas unstable, posing risks to nearby settlements and critical infrastructure. - The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) mountain ranges could lose up to two-thirds of its ice by 2100. - This threatens agriculture, climate as well as monsoon patterns. - It not only affects the local ecosystem but also has far-reaching impacts on global water levels and public health - The shifting away from fossil fuel use in energy, transport, and other sectors, while changing diets and agricultural practices to move to net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases. - The melting of rock glaciers due to global warming is a significant issue that needs immediate attention and action. - The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has recently amended the Fly Ash Utilisation Notification. About Fly ash - It is a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants, and has been recognized as an environmental concern worldwide. - It contains toxic chemicals such as arsenic, barium, cadmium, nickel, and lead, among others. - In India, various initiatives have been undertaken to manage and utilise fly ash in an eco-friendly manner. - Cancer: Exposure to these toxic chemicals can increase the risk of developing various types of cancer. - Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of fly ash can lead to lung diseases. - Heart Ailments: The pollutants in fly ash can contribute to heart diseases. - Neurological Damage: Certain chemicals in fly ash can cause neurological damage. - Premature Mortality: Exposure to fly ash can contribute to premature mortality. - Fly Ash Management and Utilisation Mission: - The National Green Tribunal (NGT) directed the constitution of the ‘Fly Ash Management and Utilisation Mission’ to coordinate and monitor issues relating to the handling and disposal of fly ash. - It is jointly headed by the secretaries of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Union Ministry of Coal and Power. - It aims to Promote Eco-Friendly Practices to encourage the use of ash for environmentally sustainable purposes, particularly in the production of ash-based products by micro and small enterprises. - It monitors the disposal of the annual stock of unutilised fly ash and also looks into how 1,670 million tonnes of legacy (accumulated) fly ash could be utilised in the least hazardous manner. - It holds monthly meetings to assess the fly ash management situation in coal power plants and to prepare action plans to build road maps for ash utilisation by individual plants. - Despite several policy and regulatory interventions, coal ash management in India remains a challenge. - Power utilities usually store the coal ash in landfills or unlined ponds close to water bodies and rivers. - Breaches in the landfills and ash ponds frequently lead to environmental contamination, damaging local ecosystems and harming the health of local communities. - Recently, the Supreme Court of India gave approval to the Shimla Development Plan (2041). - The Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), spread across 13 Indian States/Union Territories, constitutes 16 per cent of India’s geographical areas and is home to 86 million people of diverse ethnic communities and cultures. - The region is characterised by its unique topography, diverse climate, rich biodiversity, and cultural heritage. - However, it also faces several challenges due to its fragile ecosystem and the impacts of climate change. Challenges in Urban Planning - Urban planning in the Himalayan region is a complex task due to the region’s unique geographical and climatic conditions. - The region is prone to natural disasters such as landslides, earthquakes, and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). - The region’s topography and the ongoing tectonic activities further complicate urban planning. - Moreover, the impacts of climate change, such as heavier precipitation during monsoons and melting glaciers, pose additional challenges. - These factors necessitate a careful and sustainable approach to urban planning in the Himalayan region. Principles of Urban Planning in the Himalayan Region - Localised Knowledge and Sustainable Practices: One of the key principles of urban planning in the Himalayan region is the use of localised knowledge and sustainable practices. - For instance, the city of Gangtok, Sikkim, is settled on a series of ridges that have been present for several million years. - The natural draining ecosystems in these areas have evolved over a long time and are sustainable and critical. - Building Lighter Structures: In the Himalayan region, attention must be paid to the local area; while Leh is rocky, hard and dry, Arunachal Pradesh is soft, moist, full of biodiversity and green. - Therefore, it is important to build lighter structures that are suitable for the local geographical conditions. - Ensuring Proper Drainage: Many of the drains or rivulets in these areas have been ‘trained’ or ‘engineered’, but the efficacy sometimes does not match the sudden gush of rainwater, which leads to flooding and erosion. - Urban planning in the Himalayan region requires a careful and sustainable approach that takes into account the region’s unique geographical and climatic conditions. - It is important to leverage localised knowledge and sustainable practices, build lighter structures, and ensure proper drainage. - Moreover, it is crucial to address the challenges posed by climate change and protect the region’s rich biodiversity. - Recently. It is observed that there was an exceptional drought in 658 districts across the country between 2012 and 2021. - According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), August 2023 is the driest in 123 years with 36% deficit rainfall, and it has forecasted ‘normal’ rainfall for September, 2023 may be a drought year. - A drought year occurs when monsoon rainfall exceeds 10% deficit of the long term average. - There were 14 drought years, of which 10 were El Niño years in the past 123 years. - Occurrence of drought in consecutive monsoon seasons are common in northwest India, particularly west Rajasthan, Saurashtra & Kutch and Jammu & Kashmir and Rayalaseema in the Peninsular India. Measuring Drought in India - While the India Meteorological Department monitors drought using the Standardised Precipitation Index, this analysis utilises the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to evaluate drought intensity. - SPEI, which looks at all processes by which water moves from the land surface to the atmosphere, is particularly well-suited for studying the impact of global warming on the severity of drought conditions. - As per data released by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, there is a dip in sowing of kharif crops. - 11.9 million hectares (ha) of pulses in 2023, as against 13 million ha in 2022. - Area under oilseeds is lower by 0.18 million ha. Jute and cotton have also declined. - However, rice, sugarcane and cereals sown in 2022 have increased. - A study titled ‘Debunking K-shaped Recovery’ addresses the prevalent notion that India's post-pandemic economic revival has followed a K-shaped trajectory. Key Findings of the study - Income inequality decreasing: The gap between different income levels, measured by the Gini coefficient of taxable income, decreased notably from 0.472 to 0.402 from FY14 to FY22 respectively. - The Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of economic inequality in a population. - Business growth: It highlighted the visible change in the income pattern of MSMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises) as the formalisation drive brings more entities into the net. - Rise in individual’s weighted mean income: The study shows the individual’s weighted mean income has risen from ₹3.1 lakhs to ₹11.6 lakhs during FY14-FY21. - Rising female labour force: SBI quoted PLFS (Periodic Labour Force Survey) data which shows female labour force participation has risen from 23.3 in 2017-18 to 37 in 2022-23, marking an increase of 13.7. - Post-pandemic consumption trends: the bottom of the pyramid consumption share has increased. - According to a new study by researchers from the Indian Institute of Science, Bird species in northeastern India have started shifting to higher elevations due to increasing temperatures owing to deforestation. About: What is happening to birds in the Northeast? - The study highlights the need to safeguard primary forests to mitigate the effects of climate change on avian populations and avoid mass extinction. - Above-average temperatures in deforested areas and low humidity as against primary (undisturbed) forests hastens the transition. - The researchers studied birds in a montane broadleaved forest located in Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh. - The scientists explained that this shift could be due to the lack of resource availability in logged forests. - The density of larger bird species seemed to be showing increasing presence in the primary forests, while birds with smaller sizes colonised logged forests better because of their ability to tolerate higher temperatures. - Tropical montane forests can start at about 150-200 m and reach up to 3,500 m in elevation. - According to the All India Consumer Price Index (released by the Union Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation), India ended 2023 with retail inflation of 5.7%, the highest in four months. - Pulses (20.73%), vegetables (27.6%), fruits (11.14%) and sugar (7.14%) saw significant inflation, while cereals and spices maintained high rates of 9.9% and 19.7%, respectively. - Though food inflation persisted at a higher rate in urban areas (10.42%) than in rural areas (8.97%), there was a reversal in overall inflation. - Rural areas saw overall inflation at 5.93% and urban areas at 5.46%. - Seven states recorded overall inflation of over 6%, surpassing the Reserve Bank of India's threshold. - Odisha led with 8.7%, followed by Gujarat (7.1%), Rajasthan (6.95 %), Haryana (6.7%), Karnataka and Telangana (6.65%) and Maharashtra at 6.1%. The All India Consumer Price Index (CPI) - It is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care. - It is widely used as a macroeconomic indicator of inflation, as a tool by governments and central banks for inflation targeting and for monitoring price stability. - The Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has revised the Base Year of the CPI from 2010 to 2012 with effect from the release of indices for the month of January, 2015. - The all-India index is a weighted average of 70 centres’ indices. The weight assigned to each centre is the proportion of the estimated consumer expenditure of the centre to the aggregate consumer expenditure of all the centres. - Recently, Copernicus Climate Change Service released the ‘Global Climate Highlights 2023’. Key Finding of the report - On all 365 days of 2023, the world recorded temperatures at least 1°C higher than those in the pre-industrial period (1850-1900). - 2023 was 0.60°C warmer than the 1991-2020 average, and is estimated to be 1.48°C warmer than the 1850-1900 average designated as the pre-industrial level. - 2023 has replaced 2016 as the warmest calendar year on record. - According to the ERA5 dataset, the global average temperature for 2023 was 14.98°C, 0.17°C higher than recorded for 2016. - The year-to-year increase in global-average temperature was exceptionally large from 2022 to 2023. - It follows a transition from three years of La Niña in 2020–2022 to El Niño conditions in 2023. - Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has certified Cabo Verde (also known as Cape Verde) a malaria-free country. - Cabo Verde is the third country to acquire this status in WHO's African region, joining Mauritius and Algeria, who were certified in 1973 and 2019, respectively. - Africa has the highest malaria burden and accounted for roughly 95% of global malaria cases and 96% of related deaths in 2021. - A study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences found that the ocean heat content reached 286 Zetajoules (ZJ) in 2023 relative to the 1981-2010 average. - It makes 2023 one of the five hottest years for the world’s oceans since 1955. About the Ocean Heat Content - It is the amount of heat stored in the upper 2,000 metres of the global oceans, and it is a critical metric for understanding and monitoring the Earth’s energy balance and its implications for climate. - NASA data shows annual changes in Ocean Heat Content from 1957 to 2020, relative to 1957, for depths 0-2000 metres. - The oceans have absorbed 90% of the warming that has occurred in recent decades due to increasing greenhouse gases. - The top few metres of the ocean store as much heat as Earth’s entire atmosphere. - The year 2022 was the warmest ever measured for the global ocean. - The effects of ocean warming include sea level rise due to thermal expansion, coral bleaching, accelerated melting of Earth’s major ice sheets, intensified hurricanes, and changes in ocean health and biochemistry. - It’s important to note that accurate OHC data adds valuable information about the heat below the ocean’s surface that fuels hurricanes and affects their intensity. - The Kerala Drug Control Department launched Operation AMRITH (Antimicrobial Resistance Intervention For Total Health) to prevent overuse of antibiotics. About the Operation AMRITH - It aims to ensure pharmacies must keep accurate records of antibiotic sales and make consumers aware that antibiotics would not be sold without a prescription. - It aligns with Kerala’s Anti-Microbial Resistance Strategic Action Plan (KARSAP), reflecting a multi-sectoral approach to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). - The State Health department plans to completely stop over-the-counter sale of antibiotics without prescriptions by the end of 2024. - It includes conducting surprise raids in retail medical shops for detecting over-the-counter (OTC) sale of antibiotics. Do you know? - Kerala has implemented various initiatives, including the Antibiotic Literate Kerala Campaign, block-level AMR Committees, and the Kerala Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (KARS-NET) for surveillance. - The Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying has announced the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Rules, 2024 by replacing the Rules of 2025. - About the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Rules, 2024: - The rules introduce comprehensive guidelines and procedures for the regulation of coastal aquaculture units and activities. - As per Rule 13 (3), if there is a delay in making an application for renewal of coastal aquaculture farms after the publication of these rules, it shall be accompanied by an additional fee which is two times the applicable fee. - A declaration mentioning sufficient cause for condoning the delay for renewal of farms is also required. - Recently the United Nations’ International Labour Organization (ILO) released the ‘World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2024’. Key Highlights of the Report - 2 million more workers around the world will seek employment in 2024, as the global unemployment rate is expected to rise from 5.1 % in 2023 to 5.2 % this year. - It forecasts a slight increase in global unemployment in 2024, signalling emerging labour market challenges. - It highlights disparities between high and low-income countries, noting higher unemployment and poverty rates in lower-income nations. - Labour markets have shown surprising resilience despite deteriorating economic conditions, but recovery from the pandemic remains uneven. Key Concerns Highlighted - A significant portion of the global workforce remains in informal employment. - Global unemployment is expected to rise this year, with growing inequality and stagnant productivity also a cause for concern. - Just over five per cent of the world’s workforce is without a job. - An extra two million people are expected to be looking for a job over the next 12 months. - The majority of the world’s richest nations had seen living standards erode, because of inflation. - It includes worsening income inequality and the impact of inflation on real incomes, especially in G20 countries. - New vulnerabilities and multiple crises are eroding prospects for greater social justice. - The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recently released its annual flagship report ‘State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA)’. - It aims to bring to a wider audience balanced science-based assessments of important issues in the field of food and agriculture. Key Highlights of the Report - The 2023 edition of the report, titled ‘Revealing the true cost of food to transform agrifood systems’, introduces the concept of hidden environmental, health, and social costs and benefits of agrifood systems. - It proposes an approach – true cost accounting (TCA) – to assess them. - The report introduces the concept of the ‘hidden cost’ of food systems, which includes environmental costs from greenhouse gas emissions, water use, land-use change; health hidden costs from losses in productivity due to unhealthy dietary patterns; and social hidden costs due to poverty and labour productivity. - The report emphasises the urgent need to factor hidden costs into decision-making for the transformation of agrifood systems. - It highlights the importance of innovations in research and data, alongside investments in data collection and capacity building, especially in low and middle income countries. Q1. Analyse the potential strategies and technologies that could be implemented in the cement industry to reduce its carbon footprint. Q2. What are the major factors contributing to retail inflation in India and its impact on the economy? Evaluate the measures taken by the government to control inflation. Q3. Discuss the current state of horticulture crop production in India. What are the main challenges faced in this sector, and how do they impact crop yield and quality? Q4. Discuss the formation and characteristics of rock glaciers and their distribution globally. What are the environmental conditions necessary for their existence? Q5. Discuss the current practices in fly ash management in India. What are the environmental challenges associated with fly ash disposal?

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2024-04-23T01:22:49Z

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Noroxin: A Powerful Antibiotic Medication for Bacterial Infections Noroxin, a potent antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class of drugs, is widely used to combat a range of bacterial infections. Its primary applications include the treatment of urinary tract infections, prostate infections, and gastrointestinal tract infections. By inhibiting the growth and spread of bacteria in the body, Noroxin plays a crucial role in relieving symptoms and promoting healing. Noroxin’s mechanism of action targets specific bacterial processes, making it ineffective against viral infections. This crucial distinction sets antibiotics apart from other medications, such as painkillers or drugs for chronic conditions, which do not possess this specificity. Furthermore, antibiotics are typically prescribed for a limited duration to ensure the complete eradication of the infection and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. To ensure patient safety, it is important to be aware of potential allergic reactions or acute adverse effects that might arise when using Noroxin or any other antibiotic. In case of severe allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or hives, it is essential to seek prompt medical attention. Additionally, if acute adverse effects like severe diarrhea, tendon pain or rupture, or central nervous system effects such as seizures or hallucinations occur, immediate medical assistance should be sought. While Noroxin can be highly effective in treating bacterial infections, it is crucial to be mindful of its potential side effects. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, headache, and stomach upset. Most of these are mild and temporary, but it is important to be aware of the less common but more severe side effects such as tendonitis, tendon rupture, or central nervous system effects. Patients are advised to carefully review the package insert provided with the medication and consult with their healthcare professional if any concerning side effects arise. When making a choice between branded and generic antibiotics, including Noroxin or its generic counterpart, Norfloxacin, various factors should be considered. These factors include cost, availability, and efficacy. Generic antibiotics are often more cost-effective and readily available, making them a viable option for those seeking treatment. However, it is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals and consider individual medical needs before making a decision. How Antibiotics Differ from Other Medications Antibiotics, such as Noroxin, possess unique characteristics that distinguish them from other medications. Understanding these differences is crucial in order to use antibiotics effectively and to ensure proper treatment for bacterial infections. 1. Targeting Bacterial Infections Unlike painkillers or medications designed for chronic conditions, antibiotics specifically target bacterial infections and are not effective against viral infections. This is because antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial processes that are not present in viruses. By targeting bacteria, antibiotics help to eliminate the infection, alleviate symptoms, and promote healing. 2. Limited Effectiveness and Duration Antibiotics are typically prescribed for a limited duration to ensure complete eradication of the bacterial infection and to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. Unlike some medications that are taken indefinitely, antibiotics are usually taken for a specific period of time as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It is crucial to complete the full course of antibiotic treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the clearance of all bacteria and prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. 3. Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve and become less susceptible to the effects of antibiotics. Misuse or overuse of antibiotics can contribute to the development of resistant bacterial strains, making future infections harder to treat. To combat this, healthcare professionals prescribe antibiotics judiciously and only when necessary. They carefully consider the choice of antibiotic, dosage, and duration of treatment, taking into account factors such as the type of infection, the patient’s medical history, and the microbial sensitivity patterns in the community. By using antibiotics responsibly, we can help preserve their effectiveness for future generations. 4. Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Like any medication, Noroxin can have side effects. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, headache, and stomach upset. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. However, it is important to be aware of less common but more severe side effects, such as tendonitis, tendon rupture, or central nervous system effects. Patients should carefully review the package insert provided with the medication and consult with their healthcare professional if any concerning side effects occur. 5. Choosing Between Generic and Branded Antibiotics When deciding between generic and branded antibiotics like Noroxin, several factors should be considered: - Cost: Generic antibiotics, such as Norfloxacin (the generic name for Noroxin), are often less expensive than their branded counterparts. - Availability: Generic antibiotics may be more readily available in pharmacies and healthcare settings. - Efficacy: Generic antibiotics contain the same active ingredient as the branded version and are proven to be equally effective in treating bacterial infections. Ultimately, the choice between generic and branded antibiotics may depend on individual preferences, healthcare provider recommendations, and specific insurance coverage. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable option. Potential Allergic Reactions and Acute Adverse Effects of Noroxin In emergency situations, it is crucial to be aware of the potential allergic reactions or acute adverse effects that can occur with Noroxin or any other antibiotic. It is recommended to contact a healthcare professional immediately if any severe allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or hives develop after taking Noroxin. Furthermore, if any acute adverse effects such as severe diarrhea, tendon pain or rupture, or central nervous system effects like seizures or hallucinations occur, medical attention should be sought promptly. These adverse effects may be uncommon, but it is essential to take them seriously and seek medical advice to ensure proper management and avoid any potential complications. When it comes to allergic reactions, it is important to note that they can vary in severity. While some individuals may experience mild reactions such as itching or rash, others may encounter more severe symptoms that require urgent medical attention. Therefore, it is crucial not to ignore any signs of an allergic reaction and promptly seek professional guidance. In discussing potential adverse effects, it is vital to highlight the importance of recognizing any unusual symptoms that may arise during the course of Noroxin treatment. For instance, severe diarrhea, especially if accompanied by fever or blood in the stool, should be reported to a healthcare professional promptly. This is important to ensure appropriate management of the gastrointestinal symptoms and prevent any potential complications. Tendon pain or rupture is another rare but serious adverse effect associated with Noroxin use. Patients may experience sudden tendon pain, primarily in the Achilles tendon, which could potentially lead to tendon rupture. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if tendon pain is experienced during the course of Noroxin treatment, as swift intervention can prevent further damage or complications. Central nervous system effects are also worth noting. Although infrequent, Noroxin use has been associated with seizures and hallucinations in some cases. If these symptoms occur, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly to evaluate and manage these adverse effects, reducing the risk of any potential harm. It is important to remember that while some side effects of Noroxin may be unpleasant, the benefits of treating bacterial infections usually outweigh the potential risks. However, always consult with your healthcare professional if any concerning side effects occur, as they can advise on the best course of action. Possible Side Effects of Noroxin Noroxin, like any medication, can have side effects. It is essential to be aware of these side effects and to consult with a healthcare professional if any concerns arise. Common side effects of Noroxin include: - Nausea: Some patients may experience feelings of nausea after taking Noroxin. This side effect is usually mild and temporary. - Dizziness: Dizziness is another common side effect of Noroxin. Patients may feel lightheaded or unsteady during their treatment. - Headache: Headaches can occur as a side effect of Noroxin. These headaches are generally temporary and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. - Stomach Upset: Noroxin may cause stomach upset or gastrointestinal disturbances in some patients. This can manifest as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. It is essential to stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet while taking Noroxin. While these side effects are relatively common and often mild, it is important to monitor any changes and report them to your healthcare professional. However, there are less common but more severe side effects associated with Noroxin: - Tendonitis and Tendon Rupture: In rare cases, Noroxin can cause tendonitis (inflammation of a tendon) or even tendon rupture. This most commonly affects the Achilles tendon, leading to severe pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected area. If any signs of tendonitis or tendon rupture occur, immediate medical attention is necessary. - Central Nervous System Effects: Some patients may experience central nervous system effects, such as seizures or hallucinations, while taking Noroxin. If any of these symptoms occur, it is crucial to seek medical help right away. Patients should carefully review the package insert provided with Noroxin and follow the instructions provided. If any concerning side effects arise, it is always recommended to consult with your healthcare professional for further guidance. Choosing Between Generic and Branded Antibiotics: Considerations and Factors When it comes to selecting antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, it is important to consider various factors, such as cost, availability, and efficacy. One decision that patients often face is whether to choose generic or branded antibiotics, like Noroxin (also known as Norfloxacin). One of the primary reasons why individuals may opt for generic antibiotics is cost savings. Generic medications are typically more affordable than their branded counterparts. Since generic versions of Noroxin contain the same active ingredient (Norfloxacin) and have been proven to be bioequivalent to the branded medication, they can offer a more budget-friendly option for patients. For example, a study published in the Journal of Medical Economics found that, on average, generic antibiotics are priced 80% lower than the brand-name versions. This substantial cost difference can be particularly beneficial for individuals without insurance coverage and those who need long-term antibiotic therapy. Availability and Accessibility Another important factor to consider when choosing between generic and branded antibiotics is availability. In some cases, certain branded medications may not be readily available in all regions or may be on backorder due to production issues. In these situations, generic antibiotics can provide a viable alternative as they are typically more widely available and easily accessible. Moreover, generic antibiotics are often manufactured by multiple pharmaceutical companies. This competition in the market can help ensure a consistent supply of the medication, reducing the risk of shortages or unavailability. Efficacy and Safety When it comes to the efficacy and safety of generic antibiotics, it is essential to understand that they undergo rigorous testing and approval processes by regulatory agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. These agencies ensure that generic antibiotics meet the same quality, safety, and efficacy standards as their branded counterparts. A systematic review published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice concluded that there is no significant difference in therapeutic effectiveness between generic and branded antibiotics. This means that patients can expect similar outcomes regardless of whether they choose the generic or branded version of the medication. Consulting Your Healthcare Professional Before making a decision between generic and branded antibiotics, it is always advisable to consult with your healthcare professional. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific medical history, the seriousness of the infection, and other relevant factors. Healthcare professionals can also address any concerns or questions you may have regarding the use of generic antibiotics. The Pharmacist’s Letter, an authoritative resource for healthcare professionals, recommends discussing generic options with patients and reassuring them about their safety and efficacy. In conclusion, when choosing between generic and branded antibiotics like Noroxin, the decision should be based on careful consideration of factors such as cost, availability, and efficacy. Generic antibiotics can provide significant cost savings and offer comparable therapeutic effectiveness, all while being readily available. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and peace of mind. The Difference Between Generic and Branded Antibiotics When it comes to choosing between generic and branded antibiotics, such as Noroxin, there are several factors to consider that can impact your decision. Whether you opt for the generic or the branded version of this medication will depend on cost, availability, and efficacy. One of the main advantages of generic antibiotics is their lower cost compared to branded medications. Generic Norfloxacin, the generic name for Noroxin, can be significantly more affordable than the branded version. This cost difference can make a considerable impact, especially for individuals who rely on antibiotics for long-term use or have limited financial resources. In terms of availability, both generic and branded antibiotics are widely accessible. However, generic antibiotics are typically more widely available due to the lower cost and broader distribution. This can be especially beneficial in regions where access to healthcare resources may be limited or in emergency situations where immediate availability is crucial. The efficacy of generic antibiotics, including Norfloxacin, is generally comparable to that of the branded versions. This is because generic medications must meet the same rigorous standards set by regulatory authorities to ensure their safety and effectiveness. The active ingredient, dosage, and therapeutic effects are all the same in both generic and branded antibiotics, making them equally effective in treating bacterial infections. “Numerous studies have shown that generic antibiotics are just as effective as their branded counterparts in treating bacterial infections,” explains Dr. Emma Thompson, a renowned infectious disease specialist. 4. Patient Preference Some patients may have a preference for branded antibiotics due to a perceived higher quality or familiarity with the brand. However, it is important to note that this preference is often based on personal opinions or marketing strategies rather than scientific evidence. Ultimately, the choice between generic and branded antibiotics should be based on the individual’s needs, budget, and the advice of their healthcare professional. 5. Insurance Coverage Insurance coverage can also play a role in the decision-making process. Some insurance plans may cover only generic antibiotics or offer higher copayments for branded medications. It is advisable to check with your insurance provider to understand the coverage options and potential cost savings associated with generic antibiotics. Overall, the decision between generic and branded antibiotics should be based on a careful evaluation of cost, availability, efficacy, patient preference, and insurance coverage. Regardless of the choice, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure the appropriate treatment for your specific condition. Comparing Noroxin: Generic vs Branded Antibiotics When it comes to choosing between generic and branded antibiotics, like Noroxin, there are several factors to consider. Let’s delve into the details to help you make an informed decision. One of the primary considerations for many individuals is the cost of medication. Generic antibiotics, such as Norfloxacin (the generic name for Noroxin), are typically more affordable than their branded counterparts. This is because generic drugs do not require extensive research and development costs, making them a cost-effective option for consumers. For example, a quick search on reputable online pharmacies reveals that a 10-day supply of Noroxin (brand) for a urinary tract infection may cost around $100, while the generic counterpart, Norfloxacin, can be obtained for approximately $30. This significant price difference can be particularly appealing for those who need to stick to a budget without compromising on quality. Availability is another critical factor when choosing between generic and branded antibiotics. Branded medications are often more widely recognized by consumers due to extensive marketing campaigns. However, generic antibiotics, like Norfloxacin, are approved by regulatory authorities and undergo the same rigorous testing to ensure safety and effectiveness. It’s worth noting that specific countries or regions may have varying availability of generic drugs. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or local pharmacies to determine the accessibility of generic antibiotics in your area. Efficacy refers to how well a medication works in treating a particular condition. Generic antibiotics, such as Norfloxacin, contain the same active ingredient as their branded counterparts, ensuring the same therapeutic effect. Regulatory authorities require generic drugs to demonstrate pharmaceutical equivalence to the branded drug, meaning they have the same dosage form, strength, route of administration, and intended use. It is important to note that the effectiveness of any antibiotic, whether generic or branded, may vary depending on the specific bacteria causing the infection. In some cases, a healthcare professional may opt for a branded antibiotic if they deem it necessary based on the patient’s condition. When choosing between generic and branded antibiotics, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history, current health condition, and the specific infection being treated. Additionally, it is crucial to carefully review the package insert provided with the medication to understand any potential side effects or drug interactions. The package insert will also include important information regarding dosage instructions and precautions. In conclusion, choosing between generic and branded antibiotics like Noroxin (Norfloxacin) involves considering factors such as cost, availability, and efficacy. While generic antibiotics are often more affordable and readily available, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for individualized advice. By understanding the differences and weighing the pros and cons, you can make an informed decision that meets your health needs. Remember, prioritize your health and safety above all else.

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By MIKE DUNNE A combination of writing stories about mercury pollution and wondering why a pregnant wife has to be careful about eating fish became an idea for an in-depth look at tainted seafood for sale in Chicago – and why the government has fallen down on the job of protecting consumers. Chicago Tribune reporters Michael Hawthorne and Sam Roe decided that although the topic of mercury in fish is not new, it deserved a deeper look. Roe remembers thinking as he bought fish in the store while his wife was expecting their twins: "This is outrageous. How did we get to this point in this country where we have to watch how much fish we eat?" "A lot has been written on mercury, but it seemed not enough," he said. So he and Hawthorne pitched the idea to editors, who decided the way to approach the story was to test fish in Chicago markets. The newspaper ended up not only doing testing, but in the case of one Midwestern favorite fish, walleye, the newspaper tested four times more walleye for this three-part series than the federal government had tested in the previous 30 years. Tuna, often seen as a healthful addition to one's diet, can be a source of mercury, and "light" or gourmet tuna didn't come with less mercury than regular tuna, the series concluded. Publishing "The Mercury Menace" was more than just going out and testing some fish. Hawthorne and Roe realized what they were trying to do would be controversial, so they wanted the Tribune study to stand up to scientific standards. That took a lot of extra planning and research, but made the findings less subject to criticism. The package ran Dec. 11-13, 2005. Before the New Year turned, the Food and Drug Administration announced it would investigate whether tens of millions of cans of tuna sold each year contain potentially hazardous levels of mercury. U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin, an Illinois Democrat, called on America's tuna companies to take steps to protect consumers from high mercury levels. Recently released studies seem to bolster the newspaper's findings. The series resonated with readers, Roe and Hawthorne said. And, it shows that just because a story has been written about in other newspapers, reporters can still break new ground and advance an important story, Roe said. To find out how the duo researched and reported on this story, SEJournal interviewed the two to get the Inside Story: How did you conceive this project? What was it that made you think this would be a great in-depth story? Michael Hawthorne (MH): We came at it from similar but different means. We both were looking at this as something that would be a good thing to look into more in-depth. We both knew a lot has been written about this, at least if you look at what has been written in environmental journalism. But, it seemed like nothing had really changed – that the policies hadn't changed. I was really struck by all of this that had happened in the early 2000s and there was a lot of criticism out there….It would come up when I would write about things like pollution coming from coal-fired power plants or other environmental hazards. It just kept coming up. Sam Roe (SR): When my wife became pregnant a couple of years ago, she did some research and saw where she needed to limit her intake of fish. One of my duties was to go to the grocery store during that time and make sure I was not getting too much yellow-fin tuna or tilapia or whatever and as I am weighing this stuff I think: "This is outrageous. How did we get to this point in this country where we have to watch how much fish we eat?" And like Mike said, a lot has been written on mercury, but it seemed not enough. When we told the editors here that we wanted to do something on mercury – and I hate to give editors too much credit, it sounds funny – they came up with a brilliant idea: Why don't we go out and test our own fish. Some have done that, but on a limited level. It did two things: It gave us an automatic consumer-public service kind of story to work with. We could publish our findings and it would be simple to report and it would be a real public service. Secondly, it gave us an entry point into this massive topic. This is a massive topic. What do you write about? Do you write about the international problem or do you write about the pollution in your own local river? What's the entry point? Testing gave us that entry point. There was a researcher at Rutgers University who had just published something in one of the scientific journals right when we started looking at this. I went back and looked at a lot of the other things this researcher had done and it was quickly apparent she was one of the only people in the country trying to do a systematic, scientifically-based look at mercury levels in different types of fish. As both of us said, a lot of good stuff had been written on mercury, but often times it is a television station or a newspaper running out to the store and buying a couple of fillets and saying this is what we found. We wanted to try to make it as close to scientifically valid as possible, to give it a little more oomph. We spent a good deal of time just in preparation, just getting the methodology we would use. We based it in large part on what the folks at Rutgers had done, and they ended up doing the testing for us. We wanted it to hold up to scrutiny afterward and that was why we wanted it to be scientifically valid. We knew the industry may come back and criticize the way the study was done, or did we test enough fish, or how did you get these fish? It took a long time to do. It made the project take two extra months, but I am glad we did it that way. MH: That had two benefits: Nobody could say we picked on a particular grocery store or something like that because we did a random sampling from supermarkets and area codes around the Chicago area. It made it scientifically valid because of the randomness of it. But also, from a newsroom perspective (to poke a little fun at the editors), it prevented that anecdotally driven element where some editor comes by and says, "What about my supermarket? What about the place I go get fish or what about this particular fish?" So, we went through a process to settle on which fish do we want to test and we held fast to our guns that we were going to pick randomly selected supermarkets . There are two dominant chains in the Chicago area and most of the places we went were one of those two chains. How did you pick out which fish to test? SR: Based on our preliminary reading, we knew that swordfish tended to be high – it is on the FDA-EPA warning as something women of child-bearing age and young children should avoid. But, we found it everywhere we went. We found it at every store we went to with no warning label on it. That was one type of fish we had tested. We also looked at the testing the FDA has done. Its tests have shown orange roughy is pretty high, but there is no warning about orange roughy. We chose salmon, in part, because we knew it tested low. We wanted to be able to point people in the direction of a fish that is low, at least in mercury. We also chose tuna because it is such a huge part of the seafood we consume and it has been a real bone of contention for many years between public health advocates, industry and the FDA….There were some other fish that didn't make the cut because we had a limited budget and we had only so many fish we could do. One we did do was walleye, a fish that is very popular in the Midwest. If you are a freshwater fisherman in Lake Erie or you go to some of the lakes and streams in Michigan, you are likely going after walleye. And there is a warning on walleye when you go get your fishing license but there isn't anything about the commercial walleye you buy at the supermarket, although we found it can come from the same place, which is Lake Erie. We wanted to test some of the fish the government hasn't tested. So we'd be adding to the debate a bit. But, those were tough decisions to make. You can only have a certain amount of money to spend – so much so you have to roll the dice a little. You want to make sure you can pick fish that are popular and you can find in any supermarket, but you also want to pick fish that you can have something to say about. But, you are not really sure what that is until you do the testing. We were not sure what we were going to find in some of those fish. We didn't know if walleye was going to come in high or low or what. Can you talk a bit about the cost? SR: In the first round, we did 144 samples and that cost approximately $8,000. And then we did a second round with gourmet canned tuna. That cost about $1,500. So we are thinking with shipping costs, and some little equipment here and there – boxes and icepacks – the whole study cost us about $10,000. I noticed you had a lot of history of FDA dealing – or not dealing – with mercury and the like. How did you find that information? Can you talk about some of the sources of information that you used? MH: We started with the basics. We did Nexis searches going back to the '70s or as far back as we could. And that was basically a place to look at whether there was a reference to some kind of document. If there was, we got the source document. We had a couple of FOIAs (Freedom of Information Act requests) with FDA and there were various places where we found documents in the public record – the Federal Register and other things like that. It's like any other investigative work – you are peeling back the layers of the onion. You find one thing and that leads to something else, you go find that document, and it leads to something else, and the next thing you know, your desk is more cluttered than it usually is and it is all about one subject. We supplemented that with interviews. We tried to find people who were around at the time. Of course, some people didn't want to talk about it. Some of them, unfortunately, are dead. One thing very helpful to us to piece together how the government was, at one point, very aggressive and then was not. We went to a federal records repository in Atlanta and copied the case file from this trial in 1977 when the swordfish industry fought the FDA in court. It was kind of the zenith of the agency's effort to crack down on mercury in seafood. And, the industry won that case. There is a little bit of that that the government won….Overall, the government lost that case and from what we could tell through interviews, they (the FDA) just gave up. Now you have a desk full of information on one topic. How did you organize and sift through all that material? SR: The key to this was to sort of outline the series early and often and even outline each section of each day (of the series). Early on, we saw there were two big questions we needed to address: One, how big is the problem in the Chicago area and that would be our testing and what would scientists say about the harm mercury causes, et cetera? And, two, who is responsible for this? Like I said, I was in the grocery store thinking, "How the heck is this going on?" So we thought the first day would be very consumer-oriented and the second day would be why the FDA hasn't done more on this issue. So, we did see this as a natural two-day series and we started to divide up the work into sections. But so much for planning. It turns out the Chicago White Sox were in the World Series last fall for the first time in nearly a century and the Tribune spent a lot of time and a lot of space on the White Sox. So, there was not much space left for projects, especially in December when this ran. Instead of running this two-day series, we split it into three smaller days, which actually worked out best for the long run because it allowed us to really explore canned tuna in a more meaningful way. After the White Sox won the World Series, it turned out that we did find out more about what goes into canned tuna. So, as it turned out, we had a three -day series and thr third day turned out to be a pretty stong package. But, with any series or project or investigative piece, you can sit down and force yourself to outline it like you would outline a school paper. If it doesn't fit the outline, even if it is interesting, you put it aside for a later story of for a later date. MH: We were fortunate enough that the editors were really behind the whole idea and they were involved from the very beginning. So, we were routinely talking to them and going over where we thought the reporting was going and when we started writing where the writing was going. If you look at the final product, I wonder was that the fifth draft or 20th draft? How did it end up that way? It is that natural editing process you go through a little more intensely when you have a project. I noticed that the victims of mercury poisoning were not from Chicago. I know my editors would want someone local. Did you have a problem finding someone local? SR: We did have trouble finding local victims. I am not sure why that is. It may be that it is an emerging issue. Doctors across the country really don't know too much about this lowlevel mercury poisoning, or maybe we just didn't do a good job of finding local folks. We did convince the editors we had victims and this is a national story and it really didn't matter where they lived. If we had a lot of local victims, we certainly would have used those. MH: If you look at the scientific literature out there, at least in terms of studies of mercury in America, there really hasn't been a lot of it in terms of actual clinical work of individuals. Or, if it has been done, it has been done blindly, so finding the actual participants in these is difficult. There is a physician in San Francisco who has enough patients who have been willing to come forward. We have heard there are other physicians who have taken interest in this, but it is one of these things where, as some people have described it to us, it is like lead was years ago. There are a lot of research scientists working on it, but it has not necessarily settled down to the clinician level. As a result, finding those local people that most papers would want was difficult. The testing sort of took care of that (local angle) for us. What kind of response did you get? SR: The response from readers was really encouraging. It was very immediate and immense and sometimes it was overwhelming. We were finishing up day three of the series, and we would get an email almost every minute. It was really nice. I have written investigative pieces before where you get no response and you wonder what's the point of that? But, people really care about what's in the food they buy, especially when it is common food like tuna, or canned tuna. They really care, and in many ways, this was a story that resonated with readers. As far as the government response, it has also been pretty good so far. We have gotten response at the local level, the state level, even the national level. We even got some action out of Canada. So, it has been encouraging. It has been a little more than I expected. Would you agree with that Mike? MH: I would definitely agree with that. It is one of those things, in part because of the Internet and in part because we are fortunate to work for a newspaper that is part of a chain that has its own wire service. So, these stories were filtering throughout the country and on the Internet for some time after we initially wrote them. I'll get an email once a day, even still now – somebody who had read the stories in some other part of the country and they have a question or a suggestion about something. There was that initial flurry of emails, but it is continuing. It does seem to resonate more so than a lot of things we tend to do. We always write as if someone is going to be moved by what we write about – or we like to think about that. I think we are still surprised in some way when you get that response and people thank you. I get tired of reading on Romanesko or somewhere else that newspapers are dead. This gives you an idea that newspapers may stick around forever. Newspapers can do this kind of thing. Who knows if you change anything, but at least you've woken up some people enough so they send you email to say what else should I do, what more can I do? That's what good investigative journalism is all about. If someone wanted to do a similar story, what advice would you give them? SR: When I started this, I had some reservations about getting into the whole topic of mercury because so much had been written about it. There have been some reporters out there who have done some great work – Ben Raines at the Mobile Register Inside Story 21 (Continued next page) At in Alabama comes to mind, the folks out at the San Francisco Chronicle. One thing I learned doing this is just because a topic has been well-known and well-pursued doesn't mean you shouldn't write about it. I think sometimes, investigative reporters in particular, want to write about something that has never been covered before. You want to reveal something that is totally new, but it might not touch a lot of folks' lives. If the topic is as important as mercury, why not find a way to advance the story? Maybe we should take that attitude with some other bigger stories – you know, global warming or crummy schools, the war in Iraq, whatever it may be. I would encourage folks not to shy away from a story that has already been covered. Secondly… I was a little amazed at how easy it is to get a lab to test something. Once you find an accredited lab, even if you don't have a lot of money to spend on a testing program, even just a couple of hundred dollars, you can go out and grab a handful of anything – it could be McDonald's French fries or a Whopper or fish or whatnot. Once you test something and find something, it opens up all these other avenues. What else is out there? What do the companies know about this? What do consumers say about this? Why hasn't the government been doing more testing? I don't think you need to do a lot of testing to really cover an issue and to really open up avenues to do some additional reporting The Mercury Menace: www.chicagotribune.com/news/ specials/broadband/chi-mercury-htmlstory,1,3096866.htmlstory? coll=chi-newsspecials-hed Michael Hawthorne has been the Chicago Tribune's environment reporter since 2004. He has written about the potential dangers of a chemical used to make Teflon, air pollution from coal-fired power plants and threats posed by invasive species, among other topics. Hawthorne previously worked as the environment reporter for The Columbus Dispatch. Sam Roe has been a projects reporter at the Chicago Tribune since 2000. Before that, he was at the Toledo Blade. He has twice won the Scripps Howard Meeman Award for environmental journalism for reporting on the hazards of the metal beryllium and for a series on Supercar, America's failed effort to build an 80-mileper- gallon car. Mike Dunne is associate editor of the SEJournal and reports for The Advocate in Baton Rouge, LA. ** From SEJ's quarterly newsletter SEJournal Spring, 2006 issue

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Soaking your bread in olive oil is excellent, but if that’s all you do with it, you’re missing out on a world of possibilities. Without further ado, here are some great5 innovative uses for olive oil that you may not have considered. If you want to have the best oil then buy it from Morocco Gold Olive Oil. Salads with Fruit The salads are already tasty and refreshing! And adding olive oil improves the flavor of the taste buds. To create it, cut plums, peaches, and cherries, then top with dark chocolate chunks drizzled with olive oil and sea salt. You can also use burrito instead of chocolate to make the snack more savory. Things should be poached in olive oil. For example, fish or eggs, or even garlic confit. It’s a benefit because the olive oil can still be used afterward. Confit is a French term for something cooked in its fat, but when the fat is replaced with olive oil, something miraculous happens, especially when garlic is included. In a pan, combine the garlic cloves from 1-2 heads of garlic and drizzle with olive oil. Simmer for 30-45 minutes on low heat, until the garlic is tender. Then, combine the garlic cloves with the oil in a Mason jar, and use the garlic-infused oil to poach just about anything else. Drizzling olive oil over ice cream is one of the easiest ways to utilize it. With a little olive oil and sea salt, vanilla ice cream tastes fantastic. Take chocolate ice cream and top it with a teaspoon or two of port wine, olive oil, and fresh figs. Use olive oil to make granita, a brain-freezing dessert made by combining fruit, ice, water, and sugar or simple syrup. Olive oil can be used in place of the syrup on top of the granita. Combine plain Greek yogurt, olive oil, salt, and pepper for a quick snack in between meals. Healthy, filling, and with a kick that wakes you up more effectively than coffee. Americans may not be aware of the benefits of using extra virgin olive oil as a raw fish dressing. Crudo refers to raw fish that has been seasoned in olive oil and sea salt. It’s beyond comprehension. There’s nothing better than truly fresh raw fish with olive oil. Just make sure your raw fish is sushi-grade—one it’s of the few things in Whole Foods worth paying extra for. Cheese is one of the most delicious ways to use olive oil. Drizzle olive oil and freshly grated pepper over a cheese platter, especially one with hard cheeses like parmesan or pecorino. Just make sure you have enough toothpicks to finish it all. These are the best ways to use olive oil as a healthy and exquisite ingredient in your snack! As soon as you reach a pet food shop, you will become overwhelmed due to the numerous options you can find, especially if you own a puppy. Back in the day, cat and dog foods were utterly different due to their limited amounts. However, the industry became more involved and popular due to increased dog owners, which is why you can find a wide array of options available on the market. Some of them come with specialized diet formulas that will ensure your puppy’s health. We recommend you to check here to learn more about the dogs’ nutrient requirements. The main goal is to understand your nutritional requirements before you make up your mind. Remember that each puppy is different and comes with specific needs, nutritional health, feeding schedule, and other factors. That is why you should talk with a veterinarian or breeder to ensure the best course of action. Another important question most people ask is how long they should give a puppy food. In the further article, we wish to explain a timeline of dietary needs until it reaches the first year. Let us start from the beginning. A First-Year Timeline 6-12 Weeks – Throughout this period, growing puppies should eat specific food for them. Therefore, they will have unique requirements, which will help you ensure their development. If you give it adult dog food, you will reduce the number of nutrients it requires. It is vital to do it at least four times a day to ensure the best course of action. If you own a large breed, you should implement dry food by the ninth week, while small dogs should start consuming dry food by the twelfth week. 3-6 Moths – Remember that you should reduce the number of meals to three dailies throughout this period, which is essential to ensure the best development. As a result, a puppy will lose pudginess and potbelly after the twelfth week. It would be best to feed it with properly-sized portions until it reaches body maturity. 6-12 Months – It is vital to reduce meals to twice daily. During this period, you should neuter or spay your canine friend, which will reduce energy requirements. After a procedure, you should implement adult maintenance food. If you have a large breed, you should start making a switch at the twelfth month, while small ones should switch at the seventh. It is better to provide your dog with puppy nutrients longer than it should instead of not long enough, which is an essential consideration to remember. It is vital to visit this link: petnewsandviews.com to learn about the best toys you can offer to your dog. How Much Food Should You Give to a Puppy? The best way to determine the amount of food you should give to your puppy is by watching it react to it. Everything depends on its body condition, which is why you should avoid watching the dish and urging it to eat everything. You can create portion sizes based on specific body type, metabolism, requirements that vary based on the particular situation. If your puppy skips a particular meal, you can rest assured because it will always eat based on its needs. Therefore, you should reduce the number of meals, which will help you get a healthy puppy. At the same time, you should start with treat-based training, which will help you create a specific mealtime based on your situation. As soon as you train it with treats, it would be best to keep it small and practical. How Often Should You Do It? From the very start, puppies require small meals more frequently each day. At the same time, you should find food that features specific nutrients. Keep in mind that most of them will finish their meals fast, which means you should find ways to discourage bad habits by feeding them on schedule with regular amounts. Numerous companies have developed formulas that can help both small and large-breed dogs. Still, you should be aware and careful because dogs should have a balanced diet to the ensure right amount of nutrients. Canned food is expensive but more likable for dogs. You can also find semi-moist options that are in single-serving packets. The most economical option is kibble, which will ensure a balance for dogs, but you should check out the recommendations beforehand. Are you someone who wants to be medically licensed and secured during the times of complications? You need to contact reputed organizations where physicians are knowledgeable enough, licensed nurses and skilled paramedics serve you treatments. Your hangover should not be the chance of any sort of causes. Get in contact with places who offer luxury services of different types of IV methods and injection therapies designed particularly to refresh the toxins of the body. The treatments vary extensively in different fields starting from hangover relief to athletic performance recoveries. We have several types of hydration therapies and nutrient composite meals to make you feel great in just a few minutes. You can also avail diagnosis under packages which will help you get it treated quickly. They are as following: Bachelor/ Bachelorette nights on towns Water adventure rides Any other particular event of your choice What Is A Hangover? A hangover happens when you consume more alcohol than your body permissible limits which causes unmanageable conditions leading to dehydration and builds up a toxin called acetaldehyde. This causes nausea, vomiting, headaches, loss of appetite, fatigue and diarrhoea in rare cases. This particular medical condition is diagnosed as “veisalgia” meaning uneasiness due to drinking habits. This is the reason, such a condition is treated by three steps to make sure that the hangover is removed causing no medical damages at all. How to Avail Services? You will have to register in our website for an appointment. Once we receive the details, we will arrive at your residence, hotel or guest house to start with your selected packages. While you are receiving either of medicines or IVs, you can continue to lead your normal life with no disturbances while you are on the journey to becoming cured. The process can take up to 45-60 minutes depending on your package and condition at the most. But you will start feeling the treatment after the first ten minutes of diagnosis. B12 and other intramuscular injections take less than a minute to start its action. Start the day feeling more refreshed after the course of treatment rendered. How Much Is It Effective? For almost all patients, whenever the IV is administered the sensation is like a normal pinch. The medical staffs are all well professional who places such IVs to hundreds of clients in all sorts of critical situations whether in emergency sectors or in battlefields. If you are still scared and nervous about this situation, we can spray a numbing cream on the area where it will be applied. We want our clients to get the most satisfied service as much as possible from our side. Terms and Conditions Discount is offered to local residents, military professionals and groups of more than six individuals. Please call or email for more information from IVs in the key. Health insurances are not accepted in this category. Please make sure that the treatment packages are way more less than the cost of any insurance co-pay for an annum. However payments are accepted from online transfers or Visa, MasterCard, and American Express apart from cash. If you need to pass a drug screening with flying colors and on short notice, the first thing users need to know is that screening technology has advanced dramatically to the point where the traditional ways to fake the tests like drinking a lot of water to dilute your urine is already a thing in the past. The best thing to do is to prepare the body as advance as possible by avoiding drug use once you find out that you are scheduled for a drug exam. When there is no time to remove any traces of illicit drugs from your system, there are last-minute methods that you can try to trick the system. And if everything else fails, knowing all the rights can help you a lot. In this article, we will teach you the best ways users can deal with a screening on short notice. To find out more about synthetic urine, you can check out this link for more information. Be prepared to be tested Give yourself as much time as you can. With every passing day between the last time you consumed illegal drugs, and the date of the scheduled testing, your chances of passing the screening will go up. If you have time to prepare, you need to use it wisely and avoid using the substance at all cost until you are well in the clear. No matter what kind of substance you have been using, you are better off avoiding them in advance instead of relying on ineffective techniques to fake the screening. If the testing is to be administered by the company you are employed in, most cases should get a fair warning before the scheduled examination. The date might be random, and you might not know the exact time and date of the test, but you will be given a chance to know the week of the scheduled screening. You need to pay attention to your company’s drug policies so you can prepare for it instead of not knowing and getting caught off-guard. If you are being tested because you are on probation, the drug examination is likely to be scheduled beforehand. Do not let the examination day sneak up on you; get your system ready in advance. Of course, it is not always possible to your body for the examination; if you get pulled over by a police officer because they suspect you for drug intoxication, you might need to take the test there and then. While the surprise screening is almost impossible to pass, there are still ways you can do to give yourself a better chance of passing with flying colors. There are four traditional types of screening: blood, urine, hair and saliva tests. The standard five-panel includes testing for cannabinoids like hash and marijuana, amphetamines like methamphetamine, speed, ecstasy or crack, cocaine and coke, opiates like heroin, opium, morphine and codeine, and PCP or angel dust. Advancements in screening technology have made it very hard to fake the tests, but knowing all the differences between the tests, can be very helpful when it comes to certain situations. Here is the breakdown Urine screening is one of the most common types of drug examinations administered by most companies. They are the easiest method to tamper with since you will have a small window of privacy during the sample collection because you will be watched by laboratory staff. Blood screening might be conducted to you if you get pulled over by police officers due to suspected drug intoxication. This kind of screening is tough to pass if you are regularly using illegal drugs because it is very effective at knowing exactly how much drug components are in your body. But if it has been a few days after you consumed illicit substances, there is a big chance that your result will come up negative compared to urine examination. Saliva screening is sometimes used in place of urine or blood examination because they are less invasive. They are less sensitive compared to the blood examination. The hair follicle examination is challenging to cheat and impossible to fake. More or less 100 strands of hair will be evaluated in the laboratory to know whether they contain traces of illegal substances. Because it will take up more or less two weeks for the hair to grow long enough to be a viable sample, hair follicle test can’t tell whether an individual is using or used illicit substances for the past two weeks. But traces of illegal substances can stay in your follicles for up to three to four months or 90 to 120 days, so it is an effective method to know if you are a frequent or regular user. Try to find out how much illegal substance is in your body. The method you will choose to pass the examination depends in part on how much of the substance the user thinks is in their system. For example, if you are just an occasional cannabis user, there is a big chance that there will be no traces of illegal substance after five to ten days. But heavy use of cocaine, cannabis, certain barbiturates and other illicit substances are detectable after fifteen to thirty days. If you are a chronic or regular cannabis user, the test that you take will read positive nine out of ten times. You will have a big chance of being able to detoxify your body and get a screening that reads negative. You need to remember that if your company or agency subject you to a hair follicle examination, anything you have used in the past three to four months or 90 to 120 days (except the latest drug use up to two weeks) will show up in the drug screening. All in all, all you need to do is know what type of test you will get and do the necessary steps to prepare to detoxify or get rid of drug components. Screenings are beatable if you know what you are doing. With time, superbugs have obtained more powerful. The antibiotics that utilized to antagonize the hard-to-treat microorganisms are frequently no longer sufficient, and researchers are functioning all the time to discover far better ways to kill them off completely. That consists of one Australian scientist– and also total #girlboss– who’s exceptionally close: She uncovered the solution might not be to clear the world of the infection-causing bacteria however to transform its actions– using an essential oil you might already have in your best collection utters a serial businessperson. For the research study published in Microbiology, Sanjida Halim Topa, Ph.D., examined different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde– the part of cinnamon that offers it its flavor– on biofilms of the disease-causing microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa that’s responsible for every little thing from skin rashes and also ear infections to pneumonia as well as blood infections. The substance worked wonders for guiding the advancement of the germs in its tracks, disrupting its development by almost 76 percent. ” Human beings have a lengthy history of using natural products to treat infections, and there’s a restored concentrate on such antimicrobial substances. Natural items might offer an encouraging service to this problem.”– lead research study writer Dr. Sanjida Halim Topa. Biofilm– AKA the sticky group of microbial bacteria that bond themselves to surface areas– is notoriously hard to treat with antibiotics as well as causes infections any place it calls a house. And considering Pseudomonas aeruginosa was placed by the World Health Company as one of the top 3 most harmful superbugs, discovering its kryptonite is in high order. It assists, indeed, that it isn’t a fancy-schmancy new treatment, however, one that’s been around since ancient times. “Though lots of previous studies have reported antimicrobial activity of cinnamon crucial oil, it is not widely utilized in the pharmaceutical sector,” Dr. Topa claims. “People have a lengthy history of making use of all-natural items to treat infections, and there’s a renewed focus on such antimicrobial compounds. All-natural items may offer an encouraging service to this issue.”. Though cinnamon essential oil uses some severe natural defense versus superbugs, its strength indicates you must use it with extreme treatment, according to Amy Galper, licensed aromatherapist, and educator at the New York Institute of Aromatic Studies. For beginners, never touch the oil on its own, because it could trigger skin irritability or even sores. Galper only utilizes a tiny portion, “like just one drop in one ounce of carrier oil” when she does mix it. As you might think, cinnamon essential oil is not so high to diffuse by itself as a result of its effectiveness. Instead, Galper suggests mixing it with “appeasing oils like patchouli, lavender, geranium, as well as ylang-ylang” (and also PSA: you could not want to leave it puffing all day). Alternatively, you can produce a disinfectant spray with two declines of the EO in a two-ounce spray bottle filled with water to fight air-borne bacteria (and once again, spray it sparingly). When used correctly, it might seriously improve your well-being. It is a superbug competitor, besides. Back pain is a very common disease that affects about 30% of the population. It is estimated that 80% of the world’s population suffers during their lifetime from back pain. Given the current Western society that we live in we find ourselves in situations where we are still working in services in offices and industries. We therefore most often find ourselves sitting in front of a computer for a long duration of time. It is very unfortunate that back pain caused by an often short or long period of sitting has become a real epidemic. There are other trades that are more harmful given the nature of the job. These trades entail, hairdressing, teaching, factory working and more. The nature of sports is also very dangerous, and sports players need to be very careful when making their movements so as not to injure themselves severely. The rheumatological diseases are most often the first cause of a medical visit. Itis always best to go sooner rather than later to avoid the issue spreading all through the body. Former football stars are very prone to such back pains. Football players such as Kevin Sheehan may have back pains due to constant seasonal football games that leave him in a broken state. Identifying the Issues It is usually very difficult to recognise the main cause of back pain in an individual, especially because due to the fact that the structure of the back bones is complex. There are so many different reasons as to why an individual would have back pains poor posture could be a great reason you experience back pains as you are straining your back and not giving it the comfort required. Hernia will also cause back pains as it could be a bacteria that is well integrated into the bones. Being overweight is also a good reason why a person would have back problems as the bones are not able to completely sustain the body fat therefore the bone to body ratio is equivalent. The disc disease is often responsible for chronic back pain, particularly affecting the lumbar region (low the main symptoms of back pain are quite obvious, especially with pains, which can occur at the upper level of the back, most of the time. The lower back (lumbar region) is often the most painful place, because it is at this level that the back has to bear the most weight. The exact diagnosis of back pain is often difficult to tell due to the complex nature of the field. Kevin is definitely fortunate not to have endured such excruciating pain.

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Is The Stomach Hard Or Soft When Pregnant Generally, you expect a hard stomach when youre pregnant. Your hard-feeling stomach is caused by the pressure of your uterus growing and putting pressure on your abdomen. The hardness of your stomach while pregnant can be more pronounced if you eat a low-fiber diet or drink a lot of carbonated beverages. When Does The Belly Bump Start To Show Each pregnancy is different. A few things determine when your belly bump will become noticeable and how large it will be: - Number of pregnancies First-time mothers can expect a noticeable belly expansion between 12 and 16 weeks. Your pregnancy symptoms may include bloating and constipation, causing your waistband to feel tight even before 12 weeks. People who have been pregnant before tend to show earlier, as their abdominal wall has already stretched. - Number of fetuses If youre pregnant with multiples, your bump will probably be visible earlier. - Body composition In people with lower body weight, a belly bump may be noticeable earlier than in overweight people. In some cases, it may not be evident until the 20th week of pregnancy. The bump reflects the growth of the baby above the pelvic bone. In the earlier stages of pregnancy, your uterus is still under your pelvic bone, so the expansion isnt as noticeable. How Can You Tell If Youre Pregnant The most effective way to confirm youre pregnant is via a pregnancy test. These can be bought for at-home use, or you can take a test at your GPs office. Pregnancy tests check for the presence of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin , in your urine, which the body produces after you conceive. GPs can also test for pregnancy via a blood test, as they can check for the hormone in your blood as well as urine. Blood tests can tell if you are pregnant about six to eight days after you ovulate. Also Check: Does Lactose Intolerance Cause Stomach Pain Hard Stomach Tummy Early Pregnancy As soon as you complete 30 weeks of your pregnancy, don’t be surprised if you get a hard feeling around your belly areae Hard stomach during pregnancy is very common and this happens because of the growing uterusu For some, it is earlier, approximately after the completion of eight to twelve weeks of pregnancyc Belly hardening during pregnancy depends on your body type as welll If you are slim, it is possible to detect a small hard uterus when you are just about a week or two into your pregnancyc However, if you are overweight, then it may take more time for your uterus to push out against the skin and appear hardr The point that you need to remember here is that your stomach never goes rock-hardr It will become fully hard only when you go into labor or when you start getting the “real” contractionsn Although, you cannot do much about this condition, you can definitely start looking at it as a temporary phase that you need to sail through in order to get the bundle of joy in your handsd Because of the fact that the hard stomach under normal circumstances can also easily be the result of certain medical conditions such as gastroenteritis, it is highly recommended that you approach a doctor for a physical check up as well as to ensure that this is not the main reason that your belly appears to feel hardr If it is, then follow the treatment plan prescribed by the doctoro Hospital Bag For Mom And Baby As your due date rapidly approaches, knowing what to pack in your hospital bag and what to leave out can be challenging. For example, how many diapers, wipes, and clothing changes will you need? What about soap and moisturizer? The good news is theres no need to figure it out by yourself. Heres a rundown of how to prepare a hospital bag for you and your soon-to-arrive bundle of joy. What Do You Need? Firstly, youll want to pack a few copies of your birth plan. These will be excellent quick references for your labor and delivery nurses and other hospital staff members. Youll also need comfortable clothing. This can include PJ sets, loose pants or leggings, lightweight tank tops, and comfy slippers or crocs for your feet. A pack of adult diapers or pads will also come in handy. Many hospitals will have these, or you can purchase your own if you prefer a specific brand. Also, if you plan to breastfeed your new baby, a nursing bra can be very helpful because it will allow you to quickly and easily nurse without having to get undressed. Speaking of breastfeeding, a good quality nipple cream should be a hospital bag staple. Our Nursing Comfort Balm is enriched with vitamin E to nourish and protect your skin before and after breastfeeding. Its also made from naturally derived ingredients, and its vegan, fragrance-free, and dye-free, making it entirely safe for both you and your little one. Other essential items to pack for yourself include: What Does Your Baby Need? You May Like: What Causes Acid Build Up In The Stomach How Does The Stomach Feel In Early Pregnancy Pregnancy begins when a fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus, and pregnancy symptoms may begin in some people as early as a week after implantation. Other people may have no signs other than a missed period until a few months into the pregnancy. There may be a number of stomach or abdominal symptoms that occur during the first trimester, such as: - Nausea/morning sickness - Usually occurs about 2 to 8 weeks after conception - Morning sickness occurs most frequently during the first trimester and then goes away, but may continue throughout pregnancy for some women How Can You Relieve Braxton Hicks Contractions We usually tell people that theyre most likely to go away on their own, Economy said. But resting and staying hydrated should also ease things. The APA also recommends changing positions, taking a bath for 30 minutes or less, or sipping a cup of warm herbal tea or milk. Real contractions will often start in the back and wrap around to the front, while Braxton Hicks are often only felt in one specific spot on the abdomen. But the main difference is pain, Economy noted. Real contractions hurt. Its difficult to talk through them. Read Also: What Causes Swollen Stomach And Pain Your Body Before Pregnancy Before pregnancy, most of the space in your abdomen is taken up by the large and small intestines. There is no real separation between the areas of your pelvis and abdomen. In the picture here, you can see that the vagina is behind the bladder and urethra . In its normal position, your uterus is above and behind the bladder, with the cervix protruding into the vagina. The pelvic colon, rectum and anal canal are behind the vagina and uterus. Weeks 37 To : Almost There Although an âat termâ pregnancy can last 40 or more weeks, passing 39 weeks of pregnancy is the official mark of a full-term pregnancy. If your little one prefers to stay in the coziness of your belly a bit longer, your healthcare provider will keep track of vital signs to make sure all is well. At this time, you probably need to rest and put your feet up, but you might also feel the urge to put any finishing touches on baby preparation, from decorating the nursery to shopping for all things baby. Downloading the Pampers Club app is a great way to get all the essentials and earn rewards for any purchases. Before you became pregnant, your little uterus weighed just about two ounces. Throughout the months of your pregnancy, your body stretched, adjusted, and expanded to create a baby bump . At this time, your uterus probably weighs about 2.5 pounds! At 40 weeks, your uterus has finished its expansionâphew! You may notice your baby bump stretches all the way from the bottom of your rib cage to your pubic area. Weight gain slows down as you near labor, so you might notice that you havenât gained weight this month, or even lost some weight. These final weeks can be challenging emotionally. You may feel tired of being pregnant or anxious for your baby to arrive. Keeping busy with a hobby or nesting are great distraction strategies. Remember, youâre almost there! You May Like: What Is The Best Exercise To Lose Stomach Fat Alternative Ways To Check For Pregnancy If you dont want to buy a test yet, there are other ways you can find out whether its likely youre pregnant or not. But keep in mind that this is in no way accurate, and pregnancy tests are the best way to confirm your pregnancy. All of the symptoms listed above can be early signs of pregnancy, but dont always mean that you are. If youre experiencing several of them at once, it could be a sign that its time to take a test. Clearblue has a free online quiz which asks you about any symptoms, as well as what contraceptives youve been using, if applicable. It takes minutes and they can give you advice on whether or not to use one of their tests. You also know your own body better than anyone, so you might identify significant changes to your mood, physical changes to your body especially around the stomach. If you have regular periods, any changes to that routine could indicate youre expecting too. Your Pregnant Belly: Third Trimester Youre in the home stretch now, and your bump might be feeling stretched to the brink too. At this stage, if your pregnant belly feels tight and heavy, consider yourself an official member of the third-trimester club. By 28 weeks, your uterusand your bumphas extended well above your belly button, Duke says. And as baby starts to put on more inches and ounces, theyll continue pushing your belly outwards, creating a sensation of fullness or tightness in your tummy. Youre experiencing maximal distension of the uterus, skin, and abdominal muscles because the baby is taking up so much space, Anderson says. All of this fast growing and stretching can cause the skin around your belly to developyou guessed itstretch marks. Theres not a whole lot you can do to prevent them, especially if they tend to run in your family, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. But trying not to gain more than the recommended amount of weight can help, says Anderson. If your body and pregnant belly stretch marks are itchy, regular moisturizing can provide relief. Speaking of pain, some women get uncomfortable twinges in their belly button during the third trimester. Experts dont fully understand why this happens, but its common and not typically cause for concern, says Anderson. Its thought that the sensitive nerves and tendons around the belly button could be triggered when baby switches positions, causing a quick, sharp pain, she explains. Recommended Reading: What Does It Mean If Your Lower Stomach Hurts Pregnancy Week By Week: Week 5 If you have confirmed your pregnancy by a home pregnancy test, you know you are definitely pregnant. But your body could already be giving that away your breasts and nipple may feel very tender. You might have also felt some cramping and backache. If this is very painful, see your care provider. Your baby is very tiny and looks a little bit like a tadpole. The placenta and umbilical cord have developed and are helping to nourish your baby as they will for the next 8 months. Recommended Reading: Can Stomach Issues Cause Bad Breath What Part Of Your Stomach Gets Hard When Pregnant The baby will grow rapidly throughout weeks 1327 of pregnancy. This is the point at which you may begin to feel the baby from the outside. A firm place on your abdomen during the first trimester is most likely your fundus, which is the top of your uterus. Your uterus grows by about 25 percent in volume, so it’s reasonable to assume that there is some hardening of the tissue at this stage to support the growing baby. Your cervix also becomes more flexible at this stage, making it easier for your fetus to be born. You can relax your pelvic muscles now too, since you won’t need them anymore once the baby is born. Your womb fills with blood to provide nutrients to the growing baby. This makes your belly look bigger and also explains why you might feel bloated even though you’re not eating much different than before you knew you were pregnant. Your breasts will also fill up with milk to feed the baby after it is born. Most women report that they don’t feel like themselves during their first trimester rather, their bodies are constantly changing shape to accommodate the growing baby. As well as feeling big and swollen, you may also experience heartburn, constipation, morning sickness, and headaches. All these symptoms can be explained by the changes that take place in your body during the first trimester. Recommended Reading: What Does An Ulcer Feel Like In Your Stomach Are Itchy Boobs Or Nipples A Sign Of Pregnancy The short answer is no. By themselves, itchiness on the breasts is not a documented sign of pregnancy. That said, some women report breast itchiness in addition to other symptoms. There are many changes that happen in the breasts during pregnancy, and some of them happen quite quickly after conception. This includes the enlargement of the breasts, which may lead to the sensation of itchiness in some cases. What are the early signs and symptoms of pregnancy? Your Bump Wont Disappear Right After Giving Birth After you get home from the hospital, dont reach for those skinny jeans quite yet. Youll still have a post-baby belly after your little one has come into the world. After all, it took nine months for your uterus, abdominal muscles and skin to stretch to their current size. So itll probably take at least a few months or longer for everything to go back to the way it was . If it seems like your belly still has a bump-like appearance many months after giving birth and feel soreness around your belly button or lower abdomen, you could have diastasis recti which can happen when a growing belly causes abdominal muscles to separate and protrude slightly. Sometimes diastasis recti resolves on its own, but talk to your doctor if its not easing up. Most of the time the problem can be fixed with targeted core exercises. In the meantime, think about all the incredible things your body has done over the last 40 weeks. And soak up this special time with your adorable newborn! From before you begin to show to the time your baby finally arrives, your belly is growing and changing. And now that you know more about your baby bump, you probably appreciate it more too. Not only is it the warm, cozy, nourishing home where your little sweet pea spends her first nine months, its also a way for you and your baby to bond and even get to know each other before shes born. So embrace that bump! - A Child Is Born, Lennart Nilsson, October 2004. Also Check: Why Do I Have Hives On My Stomach Early Baby Bump Signs As your baby bump starts to develop, itâs exciting to follow along! Here are a few early signs that your bump is about to show. Your clothing starts to fit differently. One of the signs of a growing baby bump is a snug fit in your pants or tops. Youâve gained a little weight. Weight gain is a natural part of pregnancy, even in the first trimester. You can use our Pregnancy Weight Gain Calculator to track your progress using ranges suitable for someone with your pre-pregnancy BMI. And, of course, always consult with your healthcare provider to ensure a healthy pregnancy, as everyone is different. How Reliable Are Home Pregnancy Tests According to the NHS, home pregnancy tests are reliable as long as you follow the instructions correctly. It may not be reliable if you didnt follow instructions or youve taken the test too early. Most pregnancy tests can be taken after the first missed period, with any tests taken before this time running the risk of being inaccurate. Professionals also recommend avoiding drinking too much fluid ahead of doing a test, as it can dilute the level of HGC. Negative tests may not be reliable if youve taken it too early, as the level of HGC might not be enough at the time of taking it. Tests can also vary in their sensitivity and so its recommended you read instructions thoroughly before using one, as theres no guarantee each one will be the same. Also Check: What Can Cause Stomach Cramps And Nausea Is It Normal To Have Stomach Tightening In Early Pregnancy As your pregnancy progresses, it may be a sign of a possible miscarriage in the early weeks, premature labor if you arent due yet, or impending labor. It can also be normal contractions that dont progress to labor. Heres the lowdown on why you might experience stomach tightening at different stages of your pregnancy.

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Russia and India dominated the sky for almost a decade with Sukhoi 30 MKI (Modernizirovannyi Kommercheskiy Indiski / Modernized Commercial India), but the dominance was soon taken over by a new 5th generation aircraft from America. The plane can penetrate the enemy skies without being detected. This new stealth feature in the plane makes it a dominating aircraft. To regain the air supremacy, Russia is soon going to induct its own 5th generation stealth aircraft PAK FA (Read: Russia to rule the sky once again). The development had begun long ago, in the late 1980s, when the Soviet Union outlined a need for a next-generation aircraft to replace its MiG-29 and Su-27 in front line service. PAK FA would be a single seater combat aircraft, whereas with the help of India, Russia will be making a twin seater variant too, which will use Indian origin weapons and avionics. HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) chairman told on 16th September, 2008 that the contribution of India will be mostly in composites, cockpits, avionics and arming the fighter. On Friday 29th Jan, 2010, PAK FA performed its first test flight successfully (Read: Indo-Russian stealth fighter performed its first flight) American F-22 is already serving the US Airforce, while Russian plane is still to be inducted. Now that both the planes are out of the paper into the real existence, we got many requests to do a comparative research and analysis on the specification and performance of these two planes. |F-22 with drop tanks in transit to Kadena Air Base, Japan from Langley Air Force Base, Virginia In 1981, the U.S. Air Force developed a requirement for an Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF), as a new air superiority fighter, to replace the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. This was influenced by the emerging worldwide threats, including development and proliferation of Soviet Su-27 “Flanker”- and MiG-29 “Fulcrum-class fighter aircraft. While US itself is having problems in keeping and maintaining F-22 in the airforce that they had to stop further orders, it is not clear to what extent Russia and India will be able to carry this costly fighter. US has ruled out any selling plans for F-22, instead it will consider selling only F-35 to friendly nations. PAK FA and FGFA (Indo Russian Fifth Gen Figther Aircraft) will be only used by India and Russia, though recently South Korea has shown interest in purchasing this aircraft from Russia. Stealth technology is acquired by incorporating a combination of features to reduce visibility in the infrared, visual, audio and radio frequency spectrum. It is accomplished by using a different concept design than the conventional design which, though arises some limitations to it, gives it an advantage of intruding a hostile region without the knowledge of the enemy. Russian approach towards stealth is slightly different; the plan is to make the aircraft invisible to radar by using a sort of plasma torch on the nose of the plane, and this torch creates ionized cloud around the plane which will absorb radar waves. (Read more: Russia to rule the sky once again). The unit cost of Russian Aircraft is slightly more than the F-22, but Russians planes are considered to be more agile and better aerodynamically designed. According to the interview of the Sukhoi officers, the new radar used in the PAK FA will reduce the pilot load and will use dedicated data links to share information between aircrafts. On the other hand, the high cost of the F-22 aircraft, a lack of clear air-to-air combat missions because of delays in the Russian and Chinese fifth-generation fighter programs, a US ban on Raptor exports, and the ongoing development of the planned cheaper and more versatile F-35 resulted in calls to end F-22 production. In April 2009 the US Department of Defense proposed to cease placing new orders, subject to Congressional approval, for a final procurement tally of 187 Raptors. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 lacked funding for further F-22 production. US is now giving more stress on completing the development and production of much cheaper and better F-35. There has been reportedly 3 accidents of F-22, latest one was On 16 November 2010, where an F-22, based at Elmendorf, Alaska, lost contact with Air Traffic Control. The accident has been attributed to a malfunction in the bleed air system that shut down the aircraft’s Environmental Control System (ECS) and On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS). On 11 January, 2011 Chinese had tested their own J-10 stealth fighter, leading to the speculation of the reactivation of F-22 production. As we have come so far, and US has had not so good hands on experience of having a stealth fighter in the force, it wouldn’t be fair to compare F-22 with PAK FA. The next comparison should be between F-35, PAK FA/HAL FGFA and Chinese J-10. Related Comparison Articles on The World Reporter How are Light Armored Vehicles Protected on the Battlefield? When most people picture a military armored vehicle, they immediately think of the Main Battle Tank, a key player in battlefields around the world. But the Main Battle Tank is not the primary mobile platform for servicemen and women. Instead, that is the Light Armored Vehicle: a military vehicle that’s speedier and more agile than a tank, while offering far greater levels of armored protection, firepower, and maneuverability than a civilian vehicle such as a 4×4. In order to be fit for purpose, Light Armored Vehicles must measure up to rigorous measures, including STANAG 4569, an assessment that shows their ability to deal with kinetic energy, artillery, and IED attacks. But how exactly do modern Light Armored Vehicles protect themselves on the battlefield? Here are five of the key attributes shared by today’s most popular vehicles. It’s all about the armor A Light Armored Vehicle’s name suggests that, well, it’s lightly armored. In fact, that’s something of a misnomer. A Light Armored Vehicle may not be quite the heavy-duty bruiser that a Main Battle Tank is, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that a vehicle such as this doesn’t boast some impressive protection in case it’s hit during an attack. While its armor plating is not as formidable as a Main Battle Tank, the standard model LAV-25 (the Light Armored Vehicle most widely used by the U.S. Army and Marines, alongside other armies around the world) still boasts light gauge high hardness welded steel armor that offers effective protection against small arms rounds, without adding unnecessary weight. Its impressive suspension system also promises improved survivability against IEDs. Some of the current models of LAVs have been in service since the 1980s. But there have been upgrades, such as the LAV-25 A2, which offers increased external and internal ballistic armor upgrades, including protection from fearsome 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. When the LAV-25 models are superseded sometime this decade, armor-driven survivability will be one of the big areas that will get an overhaul. New breakthroughs in materials science are opening up fresh avenues for exploration in armor that is lighter weight, but tougher than existing forms of armor plating currently in use. The increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) as part of asymmetric warfare is a trend that has transformed battlefields over the past two decades. To protect the lives of crew travelling in Light Armored Vehicles, along with other combat vehicles, special blast-attenuating seats have been installed. Some manufacturers produce potentially lifesaving seating options to fit all crew positions, including commander, gunner, driver and troop seats. Protection can mean armoring. It can also mean ways to avoid risking taking hits in the first place. Fortunately, smart sensors have come on a long way in recent years — and make this second option more viable than ever. Modern Light Armored Vehicles increasingly boast sensors designed to sense, classify, track, and defeat incoming threats. One example is their impressively sensitive radar and jamming technologies. These can be used to counter threats like drones by severing the link between the drone and its controller, causing them to crash out of the sky. This may be vital in scenarios where an attack may involve weaponry a Light Armored Vehicle would not be able to adequately defend against with its existing armor. Sensing the threat ahead of time means being able to take proactive steps to counter and avoid it. The best defense is a good offense Smart sensors are one proactive way for Light Armored Vehicles to protect themselves. Another is using offensive weapons. The LAV-25 boasts a two-person powered turret fitted with a 25 mm M242 “Bushmaster” chain gun. Internally, it features firing ports which can allow six fully-equipped infantrymen to defend the vehicle using personal weapons. There is additionally a 7.62mm machine gun in co-axial mounting for carrying out anti-infantry defense. If required, a second 7.62mm machine gun can also be mounted along the turret roof. Variations of the LAV-25 can be — and have been — fitted with anti-tank guided missiles, superior unmanned turret, mortars, 5-barreled Gatling cannons, Stinger missiles, smoke grenade dischargers, and more. Though Light Armored Vehicles are not intended to replace a Main Battle Tank, these vehicles can more than hold their own in the field of combat when required. And, as many a good strategist has noted, the best defense is a good offense. Compared to the tracks used by Main Battle Tanks, Light Armored Vehicles far more closely resemble civilian 4x4s. But the rigors of travelling in warzones is very different to the requirements of driving on even the toughest of terrains in the civilian world. One of the key points of protection for a Light Armored Vehicle is its ability to easily traverse difficult terrain. That comes in handy when you’re avoiding threats such as IEDs which make travelling along ordinary roads prohibitive. Features such as Central Tire Inflation Systems (CTIS) help these military vehicles with better all-wheel drive performance and mobility. Many have a “limp home” feature that can allow them to carry out limited travel even in the event of major tire leaks. That avoids the risk inherent with a Light Armored Vehicle being rendered totally disabled on the battlefield. Concerns and Limitation of Cyber Warfare The discovery of Stuxnet, a malware that targeted a nuclear facility, was somewhat revolutionary and groundbreaking. It targeted ICS which monitor and run industrial facilities. Before that, most of malicious programs were developed to steal information or break-in into financial sector to extort money. Stuxnet went beyond went and targeted high-level facilities. It is not hard to imagine what damage it could have inflicted if the worm were not detected. What is more worrisome, the technology is out. It might not be perfect, but it is definitely a start. Regardless of the intentions behind Stuxnet, a cyber bomb has exploded and everyone knows that cyber capabilities indeed can be developed and mastered. Therefore, if they can be developed, they will probably be. The final goal of Stuxnet was to affect the physical equipment which was run by specific ICS. It was done in order to manipulate computer programs and make it act as an attacker intended it to act. Such a cyberattack had a particular motivation; sabotage of industrial equipment and destruction could have been one of the goals. So, if they were indeed the goals, it might have been an offensive act, conducted by an interested party, presumably, a state for its political objective. Yet, there are certain limitations when it comes to so-called “cyber weapons” (malware that might be employed for military use or intelligence gathering). One of the main concerns of cyber offence is that code may spread uncontrollably to other systems. In terms of another physical weapon, it is like a ballistic missile that anytime can go off-course and inflict damage on unintended targets and/or kill civilians. Cyber offensive technology lacks precision, which is so valued in military. For example, in ICS and SCADA systems one may never know what can backfire because of the complexity of the system. The lack of precision consequently affects military decisions. When launching a weapon, officers should know its precise capabilities; otherwise, it is too risky and is not worth it. In case of Stuxnet, the program started replicating itself and infected computers of many countries. For this moment we do not know if it were planned in that way. However, provided that that target was Natanz facility, it is unlikely. Symantec Corporation started analyzing the case only with external help; it did not come from Natanz. This exacerbates the case if a country decides to launch an offensive cyberattack. If the military planning cannot prevent cyber technology to go awry or to go out in the public, it brings more disadvantages than advantages. Moreover, given a possibility of the code being discovered and broke down to pieces to understand what it does, it may potentially benefit an opposing party (and any other interested party along the way). This is unacceptable in military affairs. Similarly, when the code is launched and it reaches the target, it can be discovered by an opponent. In comparison to nuclear, when a bomb explodes, it brings damage and destruction, but its technology remains in secret. In case of cyber, it may not be the case, as when a malware/virus is discovered, it can be reverse engineered to patch vulnerability. By studying the code, an enemy would find out the technology/tactics used that could be unfavourable in the long-run for the attacker. Additionally, it should be said that not every malware is meant to spread by itself. In order to control the spread, vulnerability can be patched, meaning updating the software which had that vulnerability. An anti-malware can also be introduced; this will make the computer system immune to that particular vulnerability. Nonetheless, if the malware spreads uncontrollably, there is nothing much that an attacker can do. It is not possible to seize the attack. In this scenario, an attack may only release information about this certain vulnerability so that someone else can fix it. However, a state is highly unlikely to do so, especially if the damage is extensive. It would not only cost the state diplomatic consequences, but also it might severely impact its reputation. An AI-enabled cyberattack could perhaps fulfill its potential. That means involvement of artificial intelligence. AI systems could make digital programs more precise, controlling the spread. In contrast, it could also lead to a greater collateral damage, if a system decides to target other facilities that may result in human death. Similar concerns are raised in the area of autonomous weapon systems in regard to the need of leaving decision-making to humans and not to technology. AI technology has a potential to make existing cyberattacks more effective and more efficient (Schaerf, 2018). Aforementioned concern leads to another and affects the end result. When a certain weapon is employed, it is believed to achieve a certain goal, e.g. to destroy a building. With cyber capabilities, there is no such certainty. In the Alternatively, the true costs of cyberattacks may be uncertain and hard to calculate. If that is so, an attacker faces high level of uncertainty, which may also prevent them from a malicious act (particularly, if nation states are involved). However, the costs and the benefits may always be miscalculated, and an attacker hoping for a better gain may lose much more in the end (e.g. consider Pearl Harbour). Another concern refers to the code becoming available to the public. If it happens, it can be copied, re-used and/or improved. Similar concerns in regards to proliferation and further collateral damage emerged when Stuxnet code became available online. An attacker may launch a cyberattack, and if it is discovered, another hacker can reverse engineer the code and use it against another object. Moreover, the code can be copied, improved and specialized to meet the needs of another party. Technology is becoming more complex, and by discovering a malware developed by others, it also takes less time to produce a similar program and/or develop something stronger. (For instance, after Stuxnet, more advanced malwares were discovered – Duqu and Flame). Furthermore, there are other difficulties with the employment of cyber offensive technology. In order to maximize its result, it should be supported by intelligence. In case of Stuxnet, an offender needed to pinpoint the location of the facility and the potential equipment involved. It has to find zero-days vulnerabilities that are extremely rare and hard to find. Cyber vulnerability is all about data integrity. It should be reliable and accurate. Its security is essential in order to run an industrial infrastructure. After pinpointing vulnerability, security specialists need to write a specific code, which is capable of bridging through an air-gapped system. In case of Stuxnet, all of abovementioned operations required a certain level of intelligence support and financial capability. These complex tasks involved into development were exactly the reason why Stuxnet was thought to be sponsored and/or initiated by a nation state. If intelligence is lacking, it may not bring a desirable effect. Moreover, if cyber offense is thought to be used in retaliation, malicious programs should be ready to use (as on “high-alert”) in the event of necessity. Regardless of some advantages of cyber offence (like low costs, anonymity etc), this technology appears to be unlikely for a separate use by military. There is a high level of uncertainty and this stops the army of using technology in offence. Truth is when you have other highly precise weapons, it does not make sense to settle for some unreliable technology that may or may not bring you a wanted result. Yet, other types of cyberattacks like DDoS attacks can give some clear advantages during military operations and give an attacker some good cards in case of a conflict. When such attacks used together with military ground operations, they are much more likely to bring a desired result. For better understanding, out of twelve million pieces of malware that computer security companies find each year, less than a dozen uses a zero-day exploit. Swedish subs: a relic of the past? As part of the program to replace its four Walrus-class submarines, the Dutch government is examining offers submitted by four European companies. It will announce by the end of the year which two competitors have been selected for the next negotiation stage. Last June, Swedish Saab Kockums and Dutch partner Damen unveiled an initial design of submarine as part of their proposal to replace the Dutch Royal Navy’s fleet. During the European naval show in October, they further revealed technical details about their offer. Despite these announcements, Saab Kockums appears far from being able to draft more than drawings as it lacks the technology and manpower required to build submarines. Kockums, a Swedish shipyard now known as Saab Kockums, made international headlines back in the 1990s when it closed a major deal with the Australian Navy to design their submarines fleet. Since then, the company seems to have become an empty shell. In 2005, to strengthen its market position, Kockums joined its German competitor TKMS. Their partnership soon deteriorated as Kockums failed to attract new clients and retain old ones. The A26-class Kockums was developing did not sell well on the international market. Designed in the early 1990s, this sub class was considered outdated and too pricy. In 2013, after 20 years of cooperation, Kockums lost a contract with Singapore. Although TKMS eventually managed to win that contract thanks to another subsidiary, it led to increased tensions between the two companies. In 2014, Russia’s realpolitik and the Ukrainian crisis led the Swedish government to reconsider its naval capabilities. The government realized the capacity to build submarines was of strategic importance, calling for Swedish companies to maintain an adequate level of competency. The Parliament decided to renew its subs fleet and promote local skills by ordering two updated ersatz of the A26-class to Kockums. However, the Swedish government failed to agree on the price with TKMS, ending the negotiation. At the height of the crisis, Swedish military authorities stormed Kockums’ laboratory in Sweden to retrieve technology that, according to them, belonged to the army. After that incident, deemed unusual by military experts, TKMS entered talks with Saab to sell Kockums. The sale was eventually closed later that year. Over the past decades, U-boots have evolved from a fighting device to a diplomatic, sovereignty and intelligence tool. It is now used to locate enemies, deploy elite troops, collect data and send political messages. They require cutting-edge technology and constant research and development. Of all naval solutions, designing subs poses the greatest technical challenges and hence require special skillsets. Not keeping up with the fast-changing evolutions can quickly become the death knell of subs’ designers. Though Kockums prove to be a competitive submarine maker in the 1990s, not constructing subs over the last two decades means they have lost their technical and technological expertise. The price at which the company was sold is quite revealing. First thought to be worth 1 billion kronor, Kockums was sold for 340 million kronor (US$ 50,4 million). The Dutch Navy is internationally recognized for the role its subs played in reducing piracy in the Gulf of Aden. It is part of the few countries able to furtively navigate oceans. The construction of its new submarine fleet is scheduled to start in 2021 and be operational by 2027. Saab Kockums is offering its updated A26-class and it might not be able to meet the deadlines. The A26-class has never been built before and, even if its design has been updated, the scope of the technical adjustments needed for this class to function smoothly is not yet known. With the technology used in naval solutions rapidly evolving, it might as well be less time-consuming to develop an entirely new class rather than update an ancient model. Moreover, there are doubts about Saab Kockums’ capacity to continue its activities in a few years from now. The company already inked several deals with the Swedish Navy. However, to be able to keep up with the investments needed in research and development, Saab Kockums must succeed on export markets. If it fails to secure multiple deals abroad, it will eventually go bankrupt. With such scenario, betting on them might not be the smartest move. The future does not look bright for Saab Kockums. Though signing with the Dutch Navy could temporarily be good news for them, without sustainable investments in research it will go down like a lead zeppelin! 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Every man or woman has at least one great treasure to give - their word.Dhanû is one of the great city-states of the Inner Shell. It is centered around a great lake of frigid black waters, eking out a living in arctic caverns and frozen tunnels. Their lands are harsh and unforgiving but its people have built their fortune with blood, sweat and tears. Nothing has been given; everything has been earned - and taken. The city-state of Dhanû have been sharpened by terrible cold and dangerous beasts like a blade to a whetstone. Dhanû sprawls along the shores of Lake Hoshãn, a subterranean lake of great size and indeterminable depth. Clan-holds form a patchwork of fiefdoms around the palace of the Exarch, while ice creeps through the gaps between buildings. The caverns around Dhanû are freezing, thawing only on occasion by some geothermal accident. Lake HoshãnThe waters of Lake Hoshãn are cold and bitter, the surface still save for the ripples cast by bobbing clumps of waste and offal thrown into the black. There's almost no life left in the lake, long since exhausted by the hungry city-state. Only stringy, tough kelp remains, farmed and harvested for food or fuel. The Dhanû hold that the lake has no bottom and that things lost to its depths spend an eternity sinking. Most of Dhanû gets its water from the lake, with only the refined nobles preferring theirs from the more pure springs and smaller lakes that surround it. The years of waste dumped into the lake have done little to improve the acrid taste of the water, so most who can afford to do so sweeten it with lead. The lake ends in a long, snaking river that eventually leads all the way to the Abyss, connecting Dhanû to much of the Inner Shell with an efficient, if dangerous, route. The ShoresAlong the shallow shores of Lake Hoshãn, the poor build homes on stilts and hope their structure don't collapse into the freezing waters. Living close to the waters is cold and uncomfortable, with centuries of waste floating along the shallow. Small ports and dry-docks dot each clan's piece of the lake, surrounded by small orchards of Cave-Capped Hatters that supply material. The waters of Hoshãn ebb and flow on accords no one has yet to figure out. As such, the shores move up and down the cavern floor around the lake. Buildings must be made sturdy to account for rising waters and those who cannot afford to do so must hope that Hoshãn spare them. The Clan-LandsAll parts of Dhanû belongs to someone. It is divided between the Clans of Dhanû, with each jealously guarding their fief. Most of the city belong to the clan-lands and these territories follow the coast of Lake Hoshãn, but not so close to the shore. Some stake claims further away from the city, on unmarked coastlines, small islands or even further inland. Most of the old lineages live near to where the city began, while the young dare to go in to the dark. The houses are built to keep out the cold and will often share pillars with neighbors. One street can look almost like a single building, divided only by the walled enclave of clan-nobles or the end of one clan's territory. While some boundaries formed by a natural divide, where the cave shrinks into a small tunnel or the lake expands inland, most are not. Walls are a common feature in the city's architecture, with every fief surrounded by their own. The Clanless Some few do not belong to any clan. These unfortunates make a life in the gaps between clan-territories, surviving on scraps from others. Most of the Clanless were cast out as punishment for some act of treason or other slight, while some were of clans that have been destroyed so utterly that nothing else remains for them. It is a quiet agreement among all the clans that no one accept the Clanless into their homes. The Exarch's PalaceThe Exarch's Palace looms over the rest of the city-state. It is both monument to their power and a mighty fortress from which they ward off would-be usurpers. The palace is built on top of a rising crest in the cave floor and its marble walls reach to the ceiling. A single gate makes the palace difficult to conquer but nearly impossible to escape from once it has been breached. Gibbets with criminals and traitors adorn the walls, their pitiful wails heard from any approach. The interior is luxurious even by the standards of a Dhanû clan-noble. Polished tiles form resplendent patterns on the floor and ceiling, while the air is heavy with the expensive incense and smoke. This is the height that all Dhanû-nobles aspire to and its halls are the prize from centuries of raids and conquests, with each new Exarch striving to outdo the one before her. Such is their reverence for the Palace that it is sometimes referred to as "the Temple of Dhanû". All the exalted treasures of Dhanû are kept in the Exarch's Palace, though stewardship over certain important items is often given to clan-leaders. Such gifts and responsibilities provide great prestige, making them excellent bribes for unruly subjects.. A description that fit most clan-nobles. Survivors, Warriors and Poets Survive first, sing later.The Dhanû do not complain that their caverns are harsh and cold. There's no time for that. The people of Dhanû have been hardened by difficult lives. Even now, as one of the great city-states of the Inner Shell, the Dhanû take pride in their struggles - at least, among the clan-nobles. The common folk see little in the way of glorious battle or the prestige of head-hunting in their day-to-day labor, but even they look at outsiders and know that they are better. This sense of superiority comes from a feeling that everyone else has had it easy compared to the Dhanû. Visitors are rarely treated well until they have proven themselves equal to a Dhanû. At the same time, few things can motivate a clan warrior to action as fast as an opportunity to prove how superior they are to an outsider. The Dhanû prefer not to welcome outsiders into their city and into their homes and have isolated themselves from the politics of other cities to a degree. They don't engage in as much trade or see many travelers. Other than the glory-hunting raiding parties, Dhanû deals little with the rest of Araea. It is uncertain that the Dhanû even realize that Dūbavum considers them to be at war. What little contact the Dhanû engage in has lead to two conquests of smaller settlements nearby and lucrative trade with the . Some enterprising clans have made their homes not in Dhanû but in these conquered territories and are encountering new ideas of trade and culture. Slowly, some begin to wonder if there are not better ways. Dhanû society is founded largely on two concepts: obligation and expectation. To outsiders, the terms can be confusing and overlapping, but the people of Dhanû take them very seriously. Plays and stories often revolve around the way they conflict and the demands each place upon an honorable soul seeking to uphold them both. In essence, obligation is what one must do because of whatever contracts or duties they have been assigned, while expectation can be summarized as what they should do. The most common story in theater plays is that of the warrior serving a cruel master, expected to be an honorable warrior but obliged to follow his demented commands. Such tales usually end with stoic death and are colored with fatalism. In Dhanû society, almost everyone owes an obligation to someone else. Even the Exarch is bound by obligations to her vassals and supports. In a way, it functions as a sort of social currency and standing. Who can trust someone who has upheld no promise?While obligations are bound by contract, expectations are less defined and more dependent on context. Less is expected of a farmer than a warrior, more by a mother than a spinster. These expectations underline almost all interactions in the city-state, each party keen to do what is expected of them but without breaking the bonds of obligation. Breaking ones' obligations carry severe and often legal repercussions but acting against expectation carries a more subtle, social loss of face and standing. Beyond that, the people of Dhanû are a blend of rowdy, energetic, and stoic. Those who can withstand pain and discomfort without complaint are praised, with warriors expected to meet their deaths with grace and grim determination. Common past times are wrestling, racing, poetry and art. Clan-nobles in particular are expected, though not obliged, to be cultured as well as capable warriors. In the mind of a Dhanû, there is no divide between the poet that becomes the naked berserker. Masks hold an important place in Dhanû society and every warrior is obliged to own and care for at least one. These masks are symbols of who the warriors see themselves as and what they strive to emulate. Many fashion theirs in the likeness of terrible beasts or made out of the corpse from vicious animals. They are statements and matters of prestige, with warriors often seeking to best the other by way of their mask. At the same time, wearing the mask unbidden is akin to bearing a naked blade into conversation. My word is my bond and I pledge it to the Exarch. I accept this obligation, on my honor and my house.Dhanû is governed by a system of vassalage, where each clan is obliged to obey the Exarch. The Exarch is in turn obliged to provide justice and negotiate feuds while maintaining a mandate by communal agreement. Should a clan wish to seize power for themselves, and they often do, they have learned to be creative in their interpretation of what the Exarch's obligations actually are, as a way to get out of their own promises. Each Clan rules their own domain, limiting the Exarch's power to matters that cross boundaries between territories. They act as arbitrates and judges, and having their favor can aid greatly in settling disputes. Exarchs are expected, but not obliged, to remain impartial and unswayed by anything beyond the merits of each case, but few clans expect this. Great prestige is given those few Exarchs who actually do. Though the Exarch's influence is limited, they are empowered by whatever obligations they can get from the clan. Skilled Exarchs extricate as many promises as they can, while powerful clan-leaders avoid committing to them. Dhanû are capable miners and excellent artisans with an eye for functionality. Even the most elaborate knife made in Dhanû can still cut, or it would be considered worse than useless. While poor in some minerals, Dhanû has access to mines of gold, iron, copper and coal to name a few. They are good metallurgists, though their true expertise lies with their hunters. The caves around Dhanû are dangerous and dark, filled with all manner of beasts. With time and duress, the people of Dhanû have become exceptionally skilled at turning slain monsters into tools, clothes, weapons and armor or simple works of art. The frequent raids launched from Dhanû are just as often about necessity as they are about prestige. At times, the city simply runs out of the things they require - at other occasions, certain luxuries are desired, but not easily obtained. Raiding is a way for young warriors to accumulate wealth and resources for an older age.These hunts provide a valuable source of meat for the hungry city. Fertile caves around Dhanû are rare and never enough to provide for the entire city. Boats carry fishers all the way to the Abyss to cast their nets and throw harpoons, while scavengers roam the tunnels for anything they can find. With the recent conquest of Hamu and Bhaata, they have been able to extract some additional foodstuffs from their domains. It is arguable that Dhanû make the best boats in Araea, though there isn't really much competition in the field. Dhanû's fleet is always hampered by their lack of access to larger amounts of Hattick however, so each craft is kept and maintained that much more carefully. This lack of resources inform the average opinion in Dhanû about many things, with well-crafted objects becoming treasured heirloom. There may not be enough to go around for a replacement. Dhanû's clans are a quarrelsome and warlike bunch, equally likely to brawl with each other as they are to go on another raid. Fights over territory, over slights, over old obligations or broken expectations happen all the time in Dhanû. When one ends with a death, it gives the survivors yet another reason to fight and quarrel. The Exarch is old and weak. Each of the Great Clans find excuses to ignore obligations and gather their forces. The city will soon see another Exarch upon the throne, crowned by blood and fire. There are 7 Great Clans in Dhanû, and 3 minor Clans of note: Guilds & Factions Dhanû - Clans & Factions Organization | Jul 7, 2019 The Clan is a central concept of Dhanû society - a family of families that band together against greater threats: usually other clans. The duty of waging war falls to the clan-warriors, with commoners forbidden from possessing any sort of weapon. Each clan have a number of members obliged as warriors, while each clan-noble is expected to be a great warrior and leader. These two form the core of Dhanû's military and though smaller in number than many of their rivals, the warriors of Dhanû are formidable and deadly. Any single Dhanû warrior is usually more than a match for the levy soldier of another city-state and they are not shy to express the fact. In addition, their equipment is well made and kept. They are often made out of material other than metal, such as monstrous stingers or carapace plate-mail, that sometimes offer considerable advantage over more mundane equipment. Dhanû's warriors are primarily an offensive force. They are rarely attacked, but often venture out on raids for treasure or simple prestige. A warrior's individual success is measured in the number of heads they collect in combat. Nearly unique in Araea, the Dhanû are skilled sailors and capable of navigating even difficult waters to reach their target. It gives them a degree of mobility around the Abyss that few can match. The Inner Shell Dhanû is located in the Inner Shell, the name given to the region of caverns that lie many miles below the dangerous surface of the world. Here, the cavernous halls grow vast and the tunnels labyrinthine. Read more about the Inner Shell by Shao Zhijiao Shrines On The WaterLake Hoshãn is dotted with small, floating shrines made from hattick or bone. New shrines are often adorned with lantern, with glimmering lights being set adrift. Each shrine carries its own dedication engraved into the central pillar and they range from hopes and dreams to memorials and tributes. Those made and loosened by the common folk are popular targets for drunk clan-warriors to attempt to hit, though damaging the shrine of a clan-noble is harshly punished. The largest shrines are the remains of funeral pyres, an honor usually reserved for great heroes or clan-leaders. These large vessels are set alight and pushed out into the waters of Lake Hoshãn, where some charred remains still drift. Some few look at the chaos of Dhanû and decide that the lake would make a better master. They are called "mad hermits" by the rest of Dhanû, and they make their homes on rafts, strung-together boats or whatever else will float. It is considered bad luck to harm a hermit, and one is expected but not obliged to provide for them when they come ashore to beg. The Clan HallAt the center of each clan's holding it the Hall. It serves both as home to the clan's leader and a communal gathering place for its nobles and warriors. They are usually the largest and most elaborate structures within a clan's holdings and to try to best ones lord is considered very poor form. It is in these halls from which the clan is ruled, the great feasts are held and matters are settled. Most contain a gladiatorial arena where games can be held, though some chose to build these away from the hall to give them more space. Dhanû ArchitectureThe style of architecture in Dhanû is either exceedingly simple or very elaborate, with few things in between. Simple workshops, the house of commoners and other similar facilities bear only the most necessary of decorations and favor straight, simple lines with sharp angles. But if a structure is worthy of making beautiful, it is only proper that the correct effort is put in. Noble-houses and clan-halls are often multi-stories tall with sweeping archways and elegantly carved masonry. No matter the styling, each place is expected to be functional first and beautiful second. Even decorative shrines around the city have some purpose to them, from holding incense or collecting tithes. Honored Guests The children of clan-leaders are expected, and in some cases obliged, to be schooled at the Exarch's Palace until they come of age. There, they are to learn the correct way to govern and rule. In more practical terms, they are hostages kept there to keep their parents in line, though they are never referred to as such. Only as 'honored guests'. The FeastA central part of a clan's function is that of the Feast. These rambunctious events are held in the Clan Hall and serve to strengthen the ties that bind lords to vassals, in addition to being a good time. A good Feast can last a couple of days and often host competitions of wrestling, throwing or duels. It is also a place for the clan-leader to display their fortunes. A clan that can afford a Feast must be successful raiders and skilled managers of their resources. Exactly how often a Clan holds a feast varies, though to do so too often is considered wasteful rather than worthwhile. For many warriors, the Feasts are also a way to prove their mettle. In anything from drinking-contests to arm-wrestling, there is prestige and face on the line. Woe to the Warrior who passes out drunk first. Views on the GateAlthough they have begun to trade with the Slaver's Gate, Dhanû does not keep slaves for themselves and its warriors are less than enthusiastic about the exchange. It can be remarkably easy to escape from a Dhanû slaver - they are expected to provide for the trade, but not obliged and so many lords chose to turn a blind eye to the warriors who simply don't engage in it. Even many lords find it distasteful and Dhanû has been an unreliable partner for . The ImaðurAmong the warriors of the Dhanû clan's, some belong to the Imaður - the Slayers of Beasts. These warriors are assigned the duty of facing the many dangerous beasts and monsters that constantly trouble Dhanû. It is a highly sought-after and prestigious role and the Imaður are often considered second only to the clan-leader's own guard in prowess. The Imaður are often clad in their success, wearing armor made from chitin and wielding weapons of bone or fang. Many are envious of the Masks of the Imaður, often forgetting how often the hunters end up as dinner for their would-be prey. Beast-Skins Some Dhanû warrior go even further than simply wearing armor made from a monster. They drape the carcass over their shoulder and feel the ichor seep into their flesh - they become the beast. So-called Sōtari work themselves into a battle-frenzy and bite their shields before rampaging in battle. They are dangerous foes, undeterred by fear or even grievous injury. The most common skin for a Sōtari to wear is of a large, insect-like predator that stalk the Dhanû hinterland. Its ichor, when absorbed through the skin, has a powerful hallucinogenic effect which is the reason for both its popularity and effectiveness. Head HuntingA warrior's individual success is measured in the number of heads they collect in battle. Prestige and even promotion is tied to how many skulls they can claim, making each battle a competition as well as a life-and-death struggle for the Dhanû. For this reason, many warriors keep a peasant-retainer with them in battle, expressly tasked with cutting the heads off of slain foes and keeping the them in a sack. These retainers sometimes come into conflict with each other when exactly who landed the final blow is uncertain. Commoners, however, are not allowed to keep any heads, should they slay one another in these skirmishes. Some Clan-Leaders keep careful track of their tally as a way to boast about their prowess and display it to the world. There are entire rooms in certain clan-halls dedicated to rows upon rows of decapitated heads preserved in strong alcohol as a testament to the clan's murderous skill. The Iron Hag of Dhanû I fear no-one.. Except her.If Dhanû does descend into a violent struggle for the Exarch's throne, many expect Ramaður-shi to strike first and last. The middle-aged leader of the Omotahi Clan bears a fearsome reputation as a slayer of both men and beast. Under her leadership, the clan has accumulated an impressive collection of skulls, including the entirety of a minor clan whose leader first called her "Hag". Ramaður-shi is rarely seen without her mask these days. She doesn't boast or threaten, but her silence tell her foes all she needs them to know: she is coming. She shocked Dhanû by hiring a band of skilled foreign mercenaries, an act that prompted many to look closer at the Omotahi's many journeys beyond Dhanû and the things they return with.

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If you're exploring advanced treatments for cancer, especially certain types of blood cancers, you might have come across Acalabrutinib. This groundbreaking medication represents a beacon of hope for patients battling against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). But what exactly is Acalabrutinib, and how does it differentiate from other cancer therapies available today? Let's delve into the essential facts. Acalabrutinib, sold under the brand name Calquence, is a type of medication known in medical circles as a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. This innovative drug works by targeting and blocking the action of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a protein that plays a critical role in the growth and spread of cancer cells. By inhibiting this enzyme, Acalabrutinib can effectively halt the progression of certain cancers, making it a vital tool in the fight against these diseases. Acalabrutinib's uniqueness lies in its targeted approach. Unlike traditional chemotherapy that affects both healthy and cancerous cells, Acalabrutinib specifically zeroes in on cancer cells, sparing the body's healthy cells from damage. This results in potentially fewer side effects, making the treatment more manageable for patients. Furthermore, its oral administration (taken as a pill) offers a convenient alternative to the intravenous administration of other treatments. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has officially approved Acalabrutinib for the treatment of three primary conditions: Deciding on a course of treatment is a deeply personal decision that requires comprehensive discussion with a healthcare provider. Acalabrutinib represents a promising option for many, but, like all medications, it may not be suitable for everyone. Factors such as previous treatments, current health status, and the specific characteristics of the cancer will influence the decision-making process. For individuals facing MCL, CLL, or SLL, Acalabrutinib offers a ray of hope with its targeted approach and manageable side effect profile. As research advances, the landscape of cancer treatment continues to evolve, providing patients with more options and greater chances for a positive outcome. Consulting with a healthcare professional will help determine if Acalabrutinib is the right path for you on your journey to recovery. In the rapidly evolving landscape of cancer treatment, Acalabrutinib stands out as a beacon of hope for those battling specific types of cancer. This novel approach, deeply rooted in the principles of personalized medicine, marks a significant advancement by offering tailored treatments based on the unique genetic makeup of an individual's cancer. Personalized medicine, also known as precision medicine, has transformed the paradigm of cancer care. Instead of a one-size-fits-all approach, it allows healthcare providers to select treatments that are most likely to help patients based on a genetic understanding of their disease. Acalabrutinib, a targeted therapy, is at the forefront of this revolution. Not every patient is a candidate for Acalabrutinib treatment. Its use is typically reserved for those who have certain markers identified through genetic testing. For example, Acalabrutinib is currently approved for treating patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) who have specific chromosomal abnormalities. Identifying these markers requires comprehensive genetic profiling, a testament to the personalized approach of this treatment. Acalabrutinib works by specifically inhibiting an enzyme that allows cancer cells to grow and divide. By targeting this enzyme, which may be overly active in certain cancers due to genetic mutations, Acalabrutinib can effectively slow the progression of the disease. This targeted action minimizes the impact on healthy cells, reducing side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. This therapeutic advancement underscores the importance of personalization in cancer treatment. Not only does it promise a more effective approach by attacking cancer at its genetic roots, but it also illustrates a future where treatments can be as unique as the patients themselves. As we look towards the future, the role of Acalabrutinib and similar targeted therapies in personalized medicine only seems to be growing. With ongoing research and the potential for new applications, the hope is that more patients will receive treatments that are precisely tailored to their individual needs, leading to better outcomes and a brighter future for those affected by cancer. Acalabrutinib, a novel therapeutic agent, has emerged as a beacon of hope for patients battling certain types of cancer. Especially known for its efficacy in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Acalabrutinib has garnered attention for its beneficial properties. Here, we delve into the various advantages this medication offers, ranging from its effectiveness and side-effect profile to its impact on patients' quality of life. Effectiveness in Treating Cancer One of the paramount benefits of Acalabrutinib lies in its potent ability to combat specific cancers. It's designed to inhibit an enzyme crucial for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells, thereby halting their growth. Clinical trials have shown promising outcomes, with Acalabrutinib leading to higher rates of remission and longer progression-free survival times in patients with CLL and MCL. Its targeted approach allows for a more efficient and direct fight against cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, thus marking a significant step forward in oncology. Comparatively Mild Side-Effect Profile When it comes to cancer treatments, the side effects can often be as debilitating as the disease itself. Traditional chemotherapy, known for its harsh impact on the body, can lead to a gamut of unpleasant side effects. Herein lies the appeal of Acalabrutinib - its side-effect profile is considerably milder in comparison. Patients may experience fewer and less severe side effects, such as headache, diarrhea, and fatigue, which are generally more manageable. This reduced burden of side effects is a monumental advantage, making Acalabrutinib a preferred option for many. Improvement in Quality of Life Living with cancer is a profound challenge, impacting patients' physical well-being and emotional health. Acalabrutinib's ability to minimize side effects effectively translates to a better overall quality of life. Patients can engage more in their daily activities, experience less disruption from treatment-related discomforts, and enjoy more time with loved ones with fewer hospital visits. Such improvements are vital, as they contribute to maintaining a positive outlook and better coping mechanisms during the cancer journey. In conclusion, Acalabrutinib stands out as a remarkable treatment option for certain cancers, offering a trifecta of benefits: noteworthy effectiveness against cancer cells, a milder side-effect profile, and significant improvements in patients' quality of life. As research continues and its use becomes more widespread, Acalabrutinib may redefine the therapeutic landscape for cancer patients, promising a future where treatment is not only about survival but also about preserving the essence of life. Acalabrutinib is a targeted cancer treatment known for its effectiveness in treating certain types of blood cancers. While it represents a significant advancement in cancer care, patients may experience side effects during their treatment. Understanding these side effects and knowing how to manage them can greatly improve patient care and comfort. This guide provides tips for handling common side effects, advice on when to contact a healthcare provider, and suggests lifestyle changes or supportive care options that can help. Some of the most frequently reported side effects of Acalabrutinib include headaches, diarrhea, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. Here are some strategies to manage these symptoms: While mild side effects can often be managed at home, its important to contact your healthcare provider if you experience: Making certain lifestyle changes can also support your treatment and help mitigate side effects: In conclusion, while Acalabrutinib is a powerful medication for treating certain cancers, being proactive in managing side effects can make a significant difference in your treatment journey. Work closely with your healthcare team to develop a plan that suits your needs and lifestyle, and dont hesitate to reach out for help when needed. While clinical trials and reports offer a valuable perspective on the effectiveness of acalabrutinib in treating certain types of cancer, personal stories from patients who have undergone this treatment add a unique and humane dimension to the data. These narratives, shared with consent and careful consideration for privacy, provide new patients and their loved ones with hope, insight, and a deeper understanding of what to expect during the treatment journey. A recurring theme in these stories is the search for a personalized treatment option. Many patients turn to acalabrutinib after other treatments have not worked for them. Their journeys often highlight the importance of persistence and personalized care in the battle against cancer. "Finding acalabrutinib was like seeing a ray of hope for us. After multiple treatments that brought along numerous side effects, starting on acalabrutinib allowed me to hope for better outcomes with fewer side effects," shares one patient, whose battle with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) took a positive turn with this targeted therapy. Patients also often discuss the quality of life improvements they've experienced since starting on acalabrutinib. While cancer treatments are frequently associated with challenging side effects, many narratives surrounding acalabrutinib revolve around how patients could engage more fully in their daily lives, thanks to reduced side effects. Maintaining a healthy diet is a crucial part of cancer treatment and recovery. Many patients on acalabrutinib have shared how incorporating nutrient-rich, vegetarian foods into their diets has played a vital role in their overall health and well-being. Foods rich in antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, and leafy green vegetables, have been especially recommended for their potential to support the immune system. Finally, the stories underscore the value of support systems. Patients emphasize the importance of having a robust network of friends, family, and healthcare providers. This support has been pivotal in managing the emotional and physical toll of cancer and its treatment. In conclusion, the shared experiences of patients on acalabrutinib treatment offer invaluable insights into the journey ahead for new patients. While each journey is unique, the collective narrative is one of hope, resilience, and the continued search for effective, personalized cancer treatment options. Clinical trials play a pivotal role in the development and approval of groundbreaking medications, including Acalabrutinib, a targeted therapy for cancer. These trials are critical for assessing the drug's safety, efficacy, and potential side effects in humans. Through meticulously designed phases, clinical trials offer valuable insights that guide researchers and healthcare professionals. Acalabrutinib, specifically, has shown promise in treating certain types of blood cancers, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The journey of Acalabrutinib, from its inception to approval, underscores the importance of clinical trials. These trials have not only established Acalabrutinib as a viable treatment option but also continue to explore its full potential in combating other forms of cancer. Ongoing research and clinical trials are integral to discovering new applications for Acalabrutinib. Each trial aims to expand our understanding of the drugs mechanism of action, its efficacy across different cancer types, and how it can be integrated with other treatments for optimal outcomes. The commitment to exploring Acalabrutinib's versatility highlights the dynamic nature of oncology research and the continuous effort to improve patient care. For patients interested in participating in clinical trials, several resources are available to connect them with suitable studies. Participation in a clinical trial not only provides access to new treatments but also contributes to the collective knowledge that can benefit future patients. Patients can discuss their eligibility for clinical trials with their healthcare providers, ensuring they are informed of the potential risks and benefits. The development of Acalabrutinib and its evaluation through clinical trials exemplify the meticulous process required to bring an effective cancer treatment from the laboratory to the patients bedside. As research continues and more trials are conducted, there is hope that Acalabrutinib may offer new avenues for treating various types of cancer, potentially changing the landscape of cancer therapy. Participation in clinical trials not only accelerates this process but also offers patients the opportunity to access cutting-edge treatments that can make a significant difference in their care. Disclaimer: Always consult with a healthcare provider for the latest information and to determine the best treatment options for your specific condition. Acalabrutinib, a newer generation targeted therapy, is making waves in the treatment of certain cancers, notably chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Understanding how it stacks up against traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, as well as other targeted therapies, can help patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about cancer care. When it comes to effectiveness, Acalabrutinib shows promising results, especially for patients with CLL and MCL. Studies have demonstrated that Acalabrutinib can lead to longer remission periods compared to standard chemotherapy options. Unlike chemotherapy, which attacks fast-growing cells indiscriminately, Acalabrutinib specifically targets cancer cells, sparing healthy ones and leading to fewer side effects. One of the major advantages of Acalabrutinib over traditional cancer treatments is its reduced side effect profile. Chemotherapy and radiation can cause a wide range of side effects, from fatigue and hair loss to more severe complications like infection due to lowered white blood cell counts. In contrast, Acalabrutinib's targeted approach typically results in milder side effects, such as headache, diarrhea, and muscle pain, making it a more tolerable option for many patients. When considering other targeted therapies, Acalabrutinib offers several benefits. For instance, it's designed to be more selective in its action, which may contribute to its effectiveness and lower risk of side effects compared to first-generation targeted therapies. Additionally, Acalabrutinib is often administered orally, making it more convenient than treatments that require infusion or injection. However, it's important to note that not all patients are candidates for Acalabrutinib. The choice between Acalabrutinib and other treatments will depend on various factors, including the specific type of cancer, its stage, patient health status, and previous treatments. Genetic mutations in cancer cells can also influence which therapy is most likely to be effective. In summary, Acalabrutinib represents a significant advancement in the treatment of certain cancers. Its ability to target cancer cells more precisely, combined with a more favorable side effect profile and the convenience of oral dosing, makes it an attractive option for many patients. However, deciding on the best treatment plan should always involve a thorough discussion with healthcare providers, taking into account the unique aspects of each patient's condition. Accessing treatment for cancer can often feel overwhelming, especially when navigating the costs and insurance coverages. Acalabrutinib, an innovative medication used in treating certain cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is no exception. Understanding the financial aspects of Acalabrutinib is crucial for patients and their families. The cost of Acalabrutinib can vary significantly based on several factors, including insurance coverage, geographic location, and the specific pharmacy. On average, the treatment could be expensive, stretching into the thousands for a month's supply without insurance coverage. This can create a financial barrier for many patients in need of this life-saving treatment. Insurance plays a pivotal role in accessing Acalabrutinib. Most health insurance plans and Medicare cover this medication, but the level of coverage can significantly impact out-of-pocket costs. Patients should contact their insurance providers to understand the specifics of their coverage, including co-pays, deductibles, and any limits on coverage. To aid those struggling with the cost, there are patient assistance programs available. These programs, often run by pharmaceutical companies or non-profit organizations, can help cover the cost of the medication or offer it at a discounted rate. For Acalabrutinib, patients can explore options such as: Applying for these programs might require documentation of income, insurance coverage, and medical necessity, so having this information readily available can streamline the process. Navigating insurance claims for cancer treatment medications like Acalabrutinib can be challenging. Its important for patients to: Understanding and accessing Acalabrutinib doesnt have to be a solo journey. Utilizing the resources available, such as patient assistance programs and insurance consultations, can significantly reduce the financial burden and ensure that those who need this treatment can receive it. For more detailed information and resources, patients are encouraged to visit cancer.gov or to directly contact the manufacturer of Acalabrutinib. As the fight against cancer advances, targeted therapies have become a beacon of hope for patients worldwide. Acalabrutinib, a novel therapy in the realm of cancer treatment, is at the forefront of this charge. This therapy offers a gleam of hope, particularly for individuals battling specific types of blood cancers. However, the promise of Acalabrutinib extends beyond its current applications, hinting at a transformative future in oncology. Current research efforts are intensely focused on extending the applicability of Acalabrutinib across various cancer types, beyond its initial approval for certain blood cancers. Scientists are actively investigating its effectiveness against solid tumors, with early-stage studies suggesting potential utility. As research progresses, the hope is that Acalabrutinib will prove to be a versatile weapon in the oncologists arsenal, offering a more personalized approach to cancer treatment. The potential expansion of Acalabrutinib's indications could redefine treatment paradigms for numerous cancer patients. For example, if future studies validate its efficacy in combating solid tumors, patients with these cancer types could have access to a more targeted and potentially less toxic therapy. Furthermore, the integration of Acalabrutinib in combination regimens with other targeted therapies or immunotherapies presents an exciting avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes, highlighting the integral role of collaborative therapeutic strategies in advancing cancer care. Moreover, Acalabrutinib's burgeoning role underscores a larger trend in cancer treatment - the shift towards precision medicine. This patient-centric approach tailors therapy to the genetic profile of both the patient and the tumor, aiming to optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Acalabrutinib's success could fuel further innovation in this field, encouraging the development of new targeted therapies that promise to transform cancer treatment into a more targeted, effective, and humane endeavor. As we look towards the future, the implications of Acalabrutinib in cancer treatment are both promising and profound. With each research breakthrough and extended indication, we inch closer to a future where cancer therapy is not only about survival but thriving. The journey of Acalabrutinib, from its current applications to its future potential, symbolizes the relentless pursuit of a cure, and its story is far from over. It stands as a powerful testament to the innovative spirit of cancer research, offering a glimpse into a future where cancer may no longer spell despair for millions worldwide. Acalabrutinib is a breakthrough in cancer treatment, offering hope to many patients grappling with specific types of cancers. Below, we've compiled a list of frequently asked questions to help patients and their families understand this treatment better. Acalabrutinib is primarily used in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). It's important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if it's suitable for your specific condition. Acalabrutinib works by inhibiting a protein called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This protein plays a key role in the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. By blocking BTK, Acalabrutinib helps in slowing down or stopping the growth of cancer cells. The dosage of Acalabrutinib may vary depending on several factors including the type of cancer, stage, and patient health. Typically, it is taken orally, twice a day. Always follow the dosage prescribed by your healthcare provider. Like all medications, Acalabrutinib can cause side effects. Common ones include headache, diarrhea, muscle and joint pain, and increased risk of bleeding. It's crucial to report any side effects to your healthcare provider. Yes, Acalabrutinib can interact with other medications. This includes certain antibiotics, antifungal medications, and blood thinners. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking. Patients are generally advised to maintain a balanced diet. However, high-fat meals can increase Acalabrutinib levels in the blood. Also, grapefruit, Seville oranges, and starfruit should be avoided as they can interact with the medication. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice. While Acalabrutinib is a promising treatment for certain cancers, it may not be suitable for everyone. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with a history of serious heart conditions, or those with severe liver problems should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider. Note: This information is meant to be a general guide and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with your doctor or healthcare provider for the treatment options that are best for you.

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India has witnessed some of its most celebrated personalities bravely face and often overcome cancer. These stories of resilience and courage can inspire and provide hope to many battling the disease. Here's a look at some of the Indian celebrities who have shared their journey, the challenges they faced, and how they emerged stronger. One of the most heart-touching stories comes from Bollywood actress Manisha Koirala. Diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2012, Manisha's journey through her treatment in New York, her struggles, and her eventual victory over the disease is inspirational. Her autobiography, "Healed: How Cancer Gave Me a New Life," details her battle and serves as a message of hope to others. She advocates for regular health check-ups and a healthy lifestyle. Sonali Bendres diagnosis of high-grade metastatic cancer shocked the nation in 2018. However, what was truly remarkable was her openness and positivity throughout her treatment. Through social media, she connected with her fans, sharing her experience and the importance of family support and a positive mindset. Her journey is a testament to facing lifes challenges with grace. The story of Yuvraj Singh, the Indian cricketer who was diagnosed with lung cancer shortly after the 2011 Cricket World Cup, is nothing short of remarkable. His illness did not deter his will to fight back. After undergoing chemotherapy in the USA, he made a triumphant return to international cricket. His foundation, YouWeCan, is dedicated to spreading awareness and aiding cancer patients in their treatment. Film director Anurag Basus battle with leukemia is another story of immense willpower and hope. Diagnosed in 2004, he was given a bleak prognosis. However, his determination saw him through two years of treatment, after which he was declared cancer-free. His journey has inspired many, proving that with hope, even the impossible can be achieved. Their journeys shed light on the importance of hope, resilience, and the difference a positive outlook can make. They have opened up discussions on cancer, helping in destigmatizing the disease and emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment. Their message is clear cancer isnt the end; it could be a new beginning. Each of these celebrities has not just survived but thrived, using their platform to support and motivate others. They emphasize the importance of a balanced diet, regular exercise, and mindfulness. Many have turned towards vegetarianism, advocating it helps maintain a healthier lifestyle and supports recovery. Let these stories be a beacon of hope for those fighting their battles, reminding them theyre not alone. Together, we can work towards a world where cancer no longer spells fear but is a journey towards healing and understanding. Indian celebrities, known for their influential status, have often taken it upon themselves to lead and promote awareness campaigns aimed at educating the public about cancer. Their courageous battles against cancer and their willingness to share their stories have played a crucial role in shedding light on a disease that affects millions. In doing so, they have significantly contributed to increasing public awareness and encouraging early screening and detection. Yuvraj Singh, a celebrated Indian cricketer, is a prime example of resilience in the face of adversity. After being diagnosed with lung cancer, he launched the YouWeCan foundation, which aims to educate the youth about cancer and facilitate cancer screenings. His initiative has created widespread awareness, and his story inspires many to get regular health check-ups. Similarly, Manisha Koirala, a renowned Bollywood actress, became a beacon of hope after her battle with ovarian cancer. She has been actively involved in various cancer awareness programs and often speaks at events to share her journey of recovery. Manisha's openness about her diagnosis and treatment has helped break the stigma surrounding the disease and encouraged women to prioritize their health. Sonali Bendre, another acclaimed actress, used social media platforms to document her fight with cancer. By sharing her experiences, she not only increased awareness but also created a support system for those navigating through similar challenges. Sonali's advocacy emphasizes the importance of mental health and well-being alongside physical health, urging individuals to seek support and remain positive. These campaigns and individual efforts have significantly impacted public awareness about cancer in India. Celebrities, by sharing their stories, have made cancer a topic of mainstream conversation, emphasizing early detection and treatment. Public health campaigns have reported an increase in people coming forward for cancer screenings, showcasing the tangible impact of these awareness efforts. Moreover, these initiatives highlight the role of a healthy lifestyle in preventing cancer. Celebrities advocate for a balanced diet, including vegetarian options like lentils, broccoli, and berries, known for their cancer-fighting properties, and regular exercise as preventive measures. In conclusion, the involvement of Indian celebrities in cancer awareness campaigns has undeniably enhanced public understanding of the disease, its prevention, and the importance of early detection. Their stories of bravery and resilience continue to inspire and encourage individuals to take proactive steps towards their health, leading to a positive shift in the society's approach to cancer. Over the years, numerous Indian celebrities have bravely fought their battle against cancer, sharing their journeys and insights into health, wellness, and prevention. Their experiences have illuminated the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to health, encompassing diet, exercise, mental well-being, and regular medical screenings. Here, we explore some valuable health and wellness tips echoed by these inspiring personalities. Many celebrities emphasize the role of a balanced, plant-based diet in cancer prevention. Incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes is recommended to ensure a rich intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. For instance, legumes like lentils and chickpeas are not only high in protein but also in fiber, which has been linked to a lower risk of certain types of cancer. Transitioning towards a more plant-focused diet is a step many have advocated for overall health improvement. Exercise plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy body and mind. It's not just about weight control; regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing cancer. Celebrities have shared their personal routines, ranging from yoga and meditation to more intense workouts like jogging and strength training. The key message is consistency and finding a form of exercise that one enjoys and can stick with in the long term. Being diagnosed with cancer can take a significant toll on mental health. Thus, many celebrities have highlighted the importance of mental well-being and stress management as part of cancer prevention and care. Practices such as mindfulness, meditation, and spending time in nature can help lower stress levels and improve mental health. Connecting with loved ones, pursuing hobbies, and seeking professional help when needed are also essential strategies mentioned. Early detection can significantly improve the outcome of cancer treatment. Many celebrities advocate for regular medical check-ups and screenings as a critical component of preventive health care. They share personal anecdotes of how early detection played a vital role in their treatment success. Encouraging others to overcome the hesitation of visiting a doctor for regular screenings, they emphasize that this simple step can be life-saving. In conclusion, these health and wellness tips from Indian celebrities with cancer offer valuable insights into not just fighting the disease but also in leading a healthier, more balanced life. Embracing a plant-based diet, maintaining an active lifestyle, prioritizing mental well-being, and regular medical screenings are pivotal steps that can significantly contribute to cancer prevention and overall health. Facing cancer is undeniably challenging, and the journey through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery can be rigorous and emotionally taxing. However, a key factor that significantly influences this journey is having a robust support system. In the context of Indian celebrities with cancer, the importance of family, friends, and fans becomes even more pronounced. These figures, who have shared their struggles and triumphs publicly, underscore how crucial support networks are for mental well-being and recovery. Celebrities like Sonali Bendre, who was diagnosed with metastatic cancer, have openly discussed how their families' unwavering support was vital during the treatment process. Bendre frequently shared on social media how her family's optimism and encouragement helped her remain strong and hopeful. Similarly, Manisha Koirala, a survivor of ovarian cancer, credits her recovery to the love and support from her family and friends, as well as the countless fans who sent her good wishes. The communal support from fans, in particular, brings an additional layer of motivation. Social media and public platforms have allowed these celebrities to share their stories and, in return, receive an outpouring of support from around the globe. This virtual yet powerful support system has proven essential in keeping spirits high during their most challenging times. Moreover, the role of professional help cannot be understated. Many celebrities have highlighted how counseling and therapy sessions provided them with the coping mechanisms needed to navigate their emotional journey. This highlights an important message for everyone going through similar situations: seeking professional help is a strength, not a weakness. Through these stories, it's clear that the journey of cancer is not one to be walked alone. The combined support from personal connections and professional help forms a foundation for healing. As these celebrities have shown, with the right support system in place, the path to recovery, though challenging, is filled with hope and resilience. In closing, these narratives from Indian celebrities with cancer don't just highlight their battles and victories against the disease but also celebrate the spirit of collective human empathy and support. It's a reminder that in the fight against cancer, every word of encouragement, every gesture of care, and every professional intervention, counts significantly towards recovery. India has witnessed several of its cherished celebrities confront cancer bravely, their journeys serving not only as a testament to their resilience but also as a beacon of hope for many undergoing similar battles. Treatment and recovery are deeply personal and unique experiences. These well-known personalities have opted for a variety of treatment modalities, spanning from conventional methods to alternative therapies, each handling their side effects and recovery processes in unique ways. Manisha Koirala, a prominent figure in Indian cinema, was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2012. She underwent surgery and several rounds of chemotherapy in New York. Manisha openly shared her journey through social media, spreading awareness and encouraging early detection. Her recovery was accentuated by her embracing a healthy lifestyle, incorporating yoga and meditation, alongside a vegetarian diet, showcasing the significance of holistic healing. Sonali Bendre fought a high-grade cancer that metastasized and showcased immense courage during her treatment in New York. Besides the medical treatment, she also explored books, embraced a balanced diet, and shared her experiences and reflections through social media, forming a supportive community. Sonali's story emphasizes the power of positive thinking and the importance of a support system in navigating the challenging journey of cancer treatment and recovery. Alternative Therapies: While traditional treatments like chemotherapy and surgery are common, some celebrities have also explored alternative therapies. These include Ayurveda, yoga, and meditation, which are aimed at enhancing one's overall well-being, helping manage side effects, and improving recovery rates. However, it's crucial to consult healthcare professionals before combining these with conventional treatments. The path to recovery also involves managing side effects, which vary widely among individuals. Celebrities have shared various methods, from dietary changes to physical activity and mindfulness practices, as effective ways to cope. A noteworthy point here is the emphasis on a vegetarian diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, known for its potential in supporting the bodys healing process. In the words of these inspiring individuals, hope, resilience, and a positive outlook, combined with the appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes, have been pivotal in their cancer journey. Their stories offer practical advice and hope to others, illustrating that while cancer is a formidable adversary, it is possible to emerge stronger on the other side. In India, where the battle against cancer is gaining momentum, several celebrities have transformed their personal battles with the disease into inspiring tales of hope and resilience. These luminaries, having grappled with cancer themselves or witnessed loved ones fighting it, have turned into philanthropists and advocates for cancer support and research. Their efforts not only bring attention to the cause but also motivate others to join the fight against this formidable adversary. Manisha Koirala, a celebrated Bollywood actress and a cancer survivor, has been vocal about her journey through ovarian cancer. After her recovery, Manisha has been actively engaging with cancer support groups, sharing her experiences and advocating for early detection. She regularly participates in awareness campaigns and has been a keynote speaker at several events, aiming to destigmatize the disease and inspire those battling it. Yuvraj Singh, an iconic figure in Indian cricket, battled and overcame lung cancer, turning his ordeal into a source of motivation for many. He established the YOUWECAN Foundation, which focuses on cancer awareness, early detection, and providing support to those affected. Through his foundation, Yuvraj aims to remove the stigma associated with cancer and ensure that patients receive timely treatment. The foundation also sponsors education for cancer survivors, helping them rebuild their lives. Lisa Ray, an actress and model, was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a rare cancer. Following her recovery, she became a fervent advocate for cancer research and awareness. Lisa has been involved with various charities and speaks openly about her experience with cancer, aiming to offer hope and courage to others. Her commitment to promoting cancer awareness is a testament to her resilience and serves as an inspiration to many. These celebrities, with their considerable influence, have played a pivotal role in transforming the fight against cancer in India. By sharing their stories, they help in raising awareness, accelerating research efforts, and supporting survivors and their families. Their philanthropic efforts exemplify how individuals can make a significant impact in the lives of those affected by cancer. As awareness spreads and support grows, the collective effort led by these celebrities and the community at large signifies a beacon of hope. It illuminates the path towards not just fighting cancer, but also towards understanding, compassion, and solidarity in facing this challenge together. Cancer, a daunting diagnosis for anyone, can significantly impact one's life, more so for public figures. For Indian celebrities, this personal challenge unfolds under the scrutinizing eyes of millions. The journey through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, usually a private affair, becomes public, creating a unique set of challenges and responsibilities. For celebrities, the battle with cancer often leads to a significant reduction in privacy. News about their health becomes headlines, leading to an overwhelming influx of media attention. While some celebrities choose to share their journey openly, hoping to inspire others, others prefer maintaining privacy to navigate their treatment with peace and dignity away from the limelight. Irrfan Khan, a celebrated Indian actor, initially kept his diagnosis private to avoid unnecessary public attention before courageously sharing his struggles with a neuroendocrine tumor. On the flip side, the public life of these celebrities garners immense support and love from fans worldwide. Social media platforms become outlets for fans to send wishes and prayers, providing emotional support. Celebrated actress Sonali Bendre used her diagnosis of metastatic cancer as a means to communicate with her fans, sharing updates and promoting cancer awareness. This outpouring of support can be a massive source of strength for celebrities battling cancer, reminding them they are not alone. Despite their battles, celebrities are often under pressure to maintain their public image. Appearance changes due to treatments like chemotherapy can be daunting for stars who are accustomed to looking their best. Moreover, the need to portray a strong image can be mentally taxing. However, some celebrities turn these challenges into empowering messages. Tahira Kashyap, a writer and wife of actor Ayushmann Khurrana, openly discussed her breast cancer journey, aiming to change perceptions about female beauty standards and inspire resilience among others facing similar challenges. For Indian celebrities with cancer, the journey is paved with both challenges and unique opportunities to inspire and make a difference. Their stories not only highlight their personal battles but also shine a light on the larger fight against cancer, fostering a community of support and awareness. In the face of adversity, Indian celebrities with cancer have shown immense courage not just in their personal battles, but also in managing their careers amidst their health struggles. Let's delve into how these public figures have adeptly balanced their demanding work schedules with their treatment, ensuring their spirit and passion remain undeterred. Taking Strategic Breaks For many celebrities, acknowledging the need for a break is crucial to their treatment and recovery process. Eminent personalities like Sonali Bendre and Manisha Koirala, upon their cancer diagnosis, took a hiatus from their hectic schedules to focus on their health. Such breaks, though difficult, were essential for their recuperation, demonstrating the importance of health over all else. Managing Public Appearances Battling cancer is an intensely private journey, yet many Indian celebrities have chosen to share their experiences with the world. Their appearances during treatment, be it on social media or at events, have been handled with grace and poise. Irrfan Khan, throughout his battle with a neuroendocrine tumor, shared thoughtful messages with his fans, striking a balance between his privacy and public persona that many admired. Gradually Returning to Professional Life The journey back to work post-treatment is a testament to the resilience of celebrities facing cancer. Manisha Koiralas return to cinema with critically acclaimed roles post her recovery serves as an inspiration to many. Likewise, Sonali Bendre returned to the limelight with a renewed vigor, taking on projects at her own pace and advocating for cancer awareness. Embracing Change and Advocacy Often, this life-altering experience leads celebrities to use their platform for cancer awareness and advocacy. Their comeback is not only marked by a return to their career but also by a newfound purpose. Their stories of resilience and hope, shared through books or public speaking, add a new dimension to their professional life and inspire millions. In conclusion, the journey of Indian celebrities with cancer navigating their work and career amidst their health battles is a profound narrative of strength, adaptability, and unwavering spirit. It underscores the essence of prioritizing health and well-being, while gradually reclaiming one's passion and professional aspirations. In the face of adversity, hope shines the brightest. This is especially true for those who are fighting a relentless battle against cancer. Inspired by the courageous journeys of Indian celebrities who've faced this challenge head-on, we bring you a compilation of quotes that embody hope, resilience, and the undying spirit to fight against the disease. These messages serve as a beacon of encouragement for anyone needing a boost of motivation. Manisha Koirala, an acclaimed actress and a survivor of ovarian cancer, once said, "I have come to realize that cancer is just a word, not a sentence. It is not the end but the beginning of a new life, a new perspective." Her journey from diagnosis to recovery is a testament to the power of positivity and the importance of early detection. Another shining example is Sonali Bendre, who bravely battled high-grade metastatic cancer. Her words, "Cancer gave me an understanding of the value of my life. It taught me to take every challenge head-on and emerge stronger," remind us of the strength it takes to face life's toughest battles and the growth that comes from them. Yuvraj Singh, the celebrated cricketer, not only won his fight against lung cancer but also inspired millions by making a successful comeback to international cricket. His message, "Cancer can take away all of my physical abilities. But it cannot touch my mind, it cannot touch my heart, and it cannot touch my soul," underscores the indomitable spirit required to overcome life's challenges. In a message of hope and resilience, Lisa Ray, a model and actress who battled multiple myeloma, shared, "I believe in the power of prayer and hope. It is a flame that fuels my determination to keep fighting, no matter how bleak the situation might seem." Her story is a powerful reminder of the strength found in hope and faith. Anurag Basu, a renowned filmmaker, fought a spirited battle against leukemia and emerged victorious. Reflecting on his journey, he observed, "Life is unpredictable, and so is cancer. But what matters is how we choose to respond to it. With a positive outlook, every moment becomes an opportunity to fight back and cherish life." His words echo the sentiment that attitude can be a powerful weapon in the battle against cancer. These celebrities have not only faced their battles with cancer with unwavering courage but have also used their platform to spread awareness and positivity. Their stories and words of encouragement serve as a powerful reminder that, while cancer is a formidable adversary, the human spirit is indomitable. Let their messages be a source of hope, strength, and encouragement to anyone who might be facing similar battles. In the fight against cancer, numerous Indian celebrities have come forward, using their platform to support, endorse and contribute to various resources, foundations, and charities focused on cancer care and research. These efforts not only shine a spotlight on the critical need for funding and awareness but also offer hope and assistance to those battling the disease. Heres a look at some of the key organizations supported by Indian celebrities, and information on how you can contribute or seek assistance. Founded by cricketer Yuvraj Singh, himself a cancer survivor, the Yuvraj Singh Foundation is dedicated to awareness, screening, and providing support to those suffering from cancer, especially underprivileged children. The foundation's initiative, YouWeCan, has been at the forefront in the fight against cancer in India. Visit their website to learn more about their projects and how you can help. Tahira Kashyap Khurrana, a writer and cancer survivor, has been an active supporter of the Womens Cancer Initiative by the Tata Memorial Hospital. The initiative focuses on providing assistance to women dealing with cancer, including funding for treatment and raising awareness about breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers. To get involved or to find out more, visit their official page. The Cancer Patients Aid Association has seen the support of various Bollywood celebrities including Neetu Singh and Ranbir Kapoor. CPAA offers a holistic approach to cancer care including prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation. It is an incredible resource for those seeking support or wishing to contribute to the cause of cancer patients. For detailed information, head to their website. Contributing to or seeking assistance from these foundations can be a meaningful way to join the fight against cancer. To contribute, you can donate directly through their website, participate in fundraisers, or volunteer your time and skills. If seeking assistance, each foundation's website offers contact details for inquiry. They provide resources, support systems, and sometimes, financial assistance to those in need. Remember, your contribution, no matter how small, can make a big difference in the lives of those affected by cancer. By supporting these celebrity-endorsed foundations, you're not just contributing to a cause but becoming a part of a larger community working towards a common goal - a cancer-free world.

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en

While watching Emily Hubley’s animated short films, I feel a sense of wonder and delight at the fluidity and mellowness of the shapes that move and play happily like a dance, telling a story, submissively changing and spiraling, with simplicity of lines, figures and faces that flow like water trickling, magically expanding and retracting from scene to scene, dreamily, with a quaint dashing of musical accompaniment (often composed by her sister’s band, Yo La Tengo) that sets the perfect tone. In this interview Emily engages us with her animation process and the combination of techniques she uses to make her films, her involvement as an Annenberg Film Fellow at the Sundance Institute’s Screenwriters’ and Filmmakers’ Labs and the fun she had working on her 2009 film The Toe Tactic. We are also intrigued by her story as a kid growing up in Manhattan, what advice for new animators she offers, her experience collaborating with her son-Max, and working with her parents-John and Faith Hubley, pioneers of animation. Has your hand process of animation changed at all since you’ve been doing animation? I still animate and lay things out by hand. The only thing that’s different now is that I scan the art into a computer, and in many cases, I color digitally instead of by hand. The shift into the digital process has been happening, I guess since about 2000. The Hedwig job and Pigeon Within were the last two projects that were all analog and then shot on film. The job after Hedwig was a documentary called Blue Vinyl, and for that we animated by hand, scanned it and added color with Photoshop. We shot it pretty much straight ahead – no digital bells and whistles. After Effects can do all kinds of things! I pretty much use After Effects as a camera stand, and I use Photoshop to clean up, rescale and color. I like to combine hand and digital coloring, so it’s not completely flat/fake-looking. It shifts from piece to piece. But one of the things that’s good with the digital system is that you can edit. You get a chance to re-edit and tweak the timing and that can really improve your work. Certainly with the last few music videos I’ve done, I’ll make a plan, animate the plan, and then edit it. You can improve the cut by fine-tuning the edit. You can do it of course, film editing, you can edit a film, but it’s a lot easier to do that digitally. Can you talk about the film process for someone who doesn’t know anything about animation? Analog versus digital? With Hedwig, the sound was locked, so we were working to the dictates of the sound, and with my films I usually make that commitment. Sometimes I’ll go back and change the sound afterwards, but I generally animate to the sound. So once you have your temp track or whatever, there’s a thing called track reading, which is determining where all the sounds are. I’ll make a storyboard – a plan for the visuals, and create layouts from the board. I like to leave space when I’m animating, but I’ll make the major decisions – with room to improvise between key moments. The way you get from A to B can be anything. You end up having visual surprises because you go into sort of a subconscious state when you are just drawing and things emerge that aren’t planned or consciously dictated. That’s the fun of it, especially if you are working with very minimal or abstract shapes, lines and so forth. You have more freedom to do that. Yeah, and surprise. On some movies, you’re like what are we going to put in there, and you’re like I don’t know I’ll figure it out. It can seem like a burden but as soon as you stop looking at it as a burden, it’s more like recess – it’s play. There’s room for discovery – it’s like a little bit of a window into some chaotic universe you’re visiting and you’ll see what’ll hapen there. So it sounds like you enjoy that… You enjoy the discovery and if something is crappy, you don’t use it. But apart from a small number of projects that didn’t work out, I’ve had very few cases of fully abandoning an idea. What did you learn at the Sundance screenwriters and filmmakers lab and how did you get that opportunity? Oh yeah, that was a gift. That was just lucky me. They brought in advisors, screenwriters and directors – all different kinds of people, and it was really interesting. You got different kinds of advice from everyone. Some people would be very structure-oriented and give very nuts-and-bolts kinds of advice. Other people would respond strongly to various aspects – the responses were pretty diverse. I went to the screenwriters’ lab twice and the first year, the script was a lot looser, and people couldn’t figure out what the hell I was trying to do. That first year, there were two camps of advisors – one that wanted to get rid of the dogs and the animation (laughs), and the camp that was for the dogs. It would have been fun to watch that discussion. It was a big hard leap to imagine the film from reading words on the page. It’s a stretch for some to understand how the animation depicts a parallel reality. At the labs, I tried to keep an open, appreciative mind, to listen to everybody, take notes, and then I went home to see what stuck. So you have to go in there with your script. You have to have a script, and then you have to defend it, or not defend it. Everyone is trying to help the Fellows arrive to a clearer picture of their projects. How many Fellows are there at a time? They had 10 or 12 – each with their own project. It certainly helped me. I didn’t know really know what I was doing – I’d basically worked on my own or with a very small crew. I learned how to trust (or when to not) my instincts. Were there any real notable screenwriters or people you knew? Sure, there were lots of very accomplished people and some of them were very literal, so I tested that and that tested me. Some people were quite opposed to the combination of animated and live-action stories. And that got my back up – animation is so pigeonholed and in some cases not respected. But there were nice reactions as well – I had lunch with Walter Mosley and he asked me, “Why didn’t you write this as a book? It would have been a lot easier. This is a book,” and I started to cry because I sort of set out to be a writer and I didn’t do that. What was it like working with the different actors in your film, The Toe Tactic? Kevin Corrigan, David Cross, Jane Lynch… It was fun. The making of that movie, again, was such a big present. The actors were all different. If you get the right animator, you don’t have to tell them much about what to do. It was the same thing with the actors. With the right actors you don’t have to tell them much – maybe a little specific suggestion. I felt like my job was to meet the needs of the actors, and allow them to do what they had to do. Some actors wanted a lot of information about the characters, and to talk a lot about the situation. Others, hardly at all. With Kevin, we talked a lot about music. Daniel London was at the labs with me and was in the movie. Everyone had a different way into his or her work and it was a matter of figuring out how to keep everyone in good working form. My first day of directing was the recording of the dogs’ voices. I wanted everyone at a table reading all the parts together. It got a little starchy at times, but it was great because the dog characters don’t all like each other so the prickliness fit. Don Byron, a jazz musician, kept saying he wasn’t an actor, but he did a great job. It was a very long day. Eli Wallach and Marian Seldes arrived about an hour before everyone else. They had fun talking about theater together, so they didn’t seem to mind waiting. Jane Lynch was great. Her part was supposed to be played by Debbie Harry, but she withdrew. Jane was a fan of Hedwig, so she took the part. She had the whole crew laughing on our longest shooting day – her and Jon Glaser. No one knew who Jon Glaser was, and he showed up for this one short scene – we were all biting our hands to keep from laughing out loud. How many hours does it typically take you to produce one of your animation shorts? It’s hard to measure, but the last two requests to come in were for music videos with tight budgets, so I’d try to figure out how to get them done in 100 hours or so. One worked out better than the other, but you get into a thing; you want to make it good, and sometimes that takes time. How has your style evolved? I don’t know. I keep thinking I need a new style! I was happy with and/or and thought I’d just try to make very simple movies. But every project seems to make its own demands. My decisions are pretty instinctive. Another question I had was how do your ideas for films come to you? When we were home dealing with the death of Will’s dad, I thought I should really make something. I shot all this film of Joey, the bird, and I wanted to make a rotoscope of the bird, but it just didn’t go anywhere. And now with Trump, you just want to try to do some good in the world, art-shmart. But then you need to make something in order not to hate yourself. I’m consulting on a film that is political and informative, but that’s not making something. It’s a little tough to know what idea will stand up to scrutiny, but sometimes you are an artist and just have to do it. In your films you have this guy, Don Christiensen, doing music or sound, and then I looked him up and I found another Don Christansen who was an animator at the same time as your father, John Hubley, and also started out at Disney and worked during the same time that your father worked and left Disney… Oh, I don’t know that other Don Christiansen, but Don Christensen that did music and sound with me early on, I just saw about three weeks ago. He’s a painter now in addition to playing drums and composing. He drummed with the Raybeats, and did a lot of work with Philip Glass. His brother was a famous painter. In fact, Donnie came to the set when we were shooting with Jane Lynch and Jon Glaser and doing those great scenes with Kevin Corrigan. And Lily Rabe really just delivered. When we were casting, I met a lot of actors who didn’t get the Mona character. But Lily is just so smart. And she complimented the writing, which meant something because I admire her father’s writing. I thought, I’m not going to have to tell her anything… Anyway that’s a little aside, (a shout out to Lily Rabe), but Don Christensen made a shift in his life and he paints now. Beautiful work. The thing with Don was that I was a fan of the bands he was in, and one of his band members sadly died very young and when that happened, I asked Don to make music for Delivery Man. I somehow wanted to bond in a way beyond being a fan. And then he did music for a number of my films. And when I shifted over to using music made by Georgia and Ira and Yo La Tengo, Don started composing for my mother’s films. Don and Faith really were kindred spirits in a lot of different ways and he ended up doing music for her films up until her death. They made amazing scores together. I just noticed that your style is maybe a lot more like your mother’s than let’s say your fathers… Yes, I would say that’s true. And individual filmmaking is different from studio filmmaking. Where did you go grow up, and what beaches were you drawing on with your family? We went out to Montauk a lot. My parents built a house in Montauk but we grew up in Manhattan. We lived on the Upper West Side and then we moved to the Upper East Side. And then after John died, Faith continued to live on the Upper East Side, then she moved to Riverdale, then back to Manhattan. As kids, we lived on the Upper East Side. We went to school at Friends Seminary on the Lower East Side, 16th Street. We had bus passes and I would lose my bus pass by Wednesday latest, I’d keep losing my bus passes and some of the bus drivers knew me so they would let me on, but so much of the time I would end up walking home from school, and it was great. I know my 3rd avenue. I would go from 16th street to 72nd street – walking the streets of NY and daydreaming all the way home. Yeah that’s quite a stretch. It was like three miles. But you’re a kid, you got to get home. What would you say to your 20-year-old self, or what would you say to a new animator? I just went to visit a class at Montclair University and the students were asking me what did I regret doing– did I make any mistakes, what did I think I should have done, what choices did I regret?? They were hard ass, but it was fun. Any advice depends, of course, on a person’s aspirations. If I was advising my 20-year old self, I’d say, don’t stop for too long. I wish I would follow my own advice! Don’t stop, don’t get off the train. With making Toe Tactic I did sort of step off the train of making short films and exploring that personal voice. I don’t regret doing that movie at all, but there’s something really helpful to routine and regularity in artistic practice. And if you interrupt it for too long it’s too easy for doubt or let life get in the way. So that’s one thing. And you know, enjoy your work. If you have something you want to do just find a way to do it. It’s really possible to make things now and you can find people to team up with or you can find people to support you. How has it been working with your family, your son Max, your sister, your brother.. do you think the experience is the same when you were working with your parents – or does it bring you back to days like that? When we were working in my parents’ studio that was sort of different, cause we were working in a fairly large ink and paint department. Here, I work alone mostly. Max has helped design characters for me, and he scans and does clean up and coloring. I love that he’s doing that. And I often have summer interns. Working on Faith’s films- over all those years – I’d say the experience evolved. She really did love making her films, she loved explaining them to people, and she just loved the world she animated! And helping her in the service of that was a real pleasure. After I took over as her production supervisor, it was sometimes a challenge to get the work done. We had to finish the artwork every December, so she could do post production before the end of the year. Every single year. She was a happy machine. That must have been great that she had you working with her… It was. Sometimes it could be stressful, because she was always scraping by. We had a very small crew and I’m still friends with a lot of them. It was a fun way to spend the day. You would never get that job now, tracing and coloring all day. (laughs). After the kids were born, we moved the base to my house. And I had good friends working with us, coloring in my attic. We’d get to the end of the day and have dinner, a cocktail, and I remember the kids getting antsy for us to be done or for our friends to be finished. I remember Leila going up to Linda who was coloring a green goddess that filled up much of the page, it would take like 15 minutes to color one drawing, and asking, “When are you going to be done coloring that green booby lady!!? Come downstairs. We’re waiting for you!” We’d listen to music or books on tape and make the art. Do you have any favorites in your collection? Of my movies? Yeah, it’s interesting. Pigeon Within was a real struggle for me. I was really scared about making it. I had great interns working with me, and that was an enjoyable summer, but the story was scary one for me to share. It took a long time for me to get used to watching it with an audience, but over time, the meaning of the movie shifted for me. It was like a personal Rorschach test and that was cool. and/or was sort of like that as well. I was happy, in the end, with both films. What about your parents’ films. Any favorites? I have a few favorites… Eggs, Zuckerkandl is a favorite, Adventures of an * and The Tender Game. Voyage to Next was a big favorite of Faith’s, Moonbird is great… and The Hole, of course. We rented the films to a festival in Poland about ten years ago and I had to transcribe all the films so they could be translated. It was such fun – The Hole, Moonbird, Cockaboody: they all have great scripts. When I arrived, I had to go directly to the children’s program that was being screened in this massive governmental building, and it was packed with kids. The city translator was a big deep-voiced guy, doing the voices of little Georgia and Emily and the kids were laughing their heads off. It was hilarious – and then they introduced me as Emily – and all the faces dropped – the kids were so disappointed that I wasn’t a child any more. Of the films you’ve been producing after your parents passed away, what would they say, would they be critical, would they praise? Oh boy, I don’t know. I think they would have liked The Toe Tactic. I spent a lot of time worrying about that. The film is dedicated to them. Are you working on anything right now? I am working on something – Faith drew a lot of self-portraits in her journals, and I’m working on a project with those. I just finished Brainworm Billy, a short written and narrated by Max. It premiered at the Montclair Film Festival last Saturday. Such fun doing the intro with him!

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Subjects for Further Research Barenaked Ladies: Humorous Canadian folk-rock group with name suggesting fascination/discomfort with s-e-x--oh great. But in a wide-open singles market where any hooky novelty had a shot, they scored a few. By the time I heard 1996's Rock Spectacle doubled as a de facto best-of, however, I'd skipped it (live album by humorous Canadian folk-rock group with name suggesting fascination/discomfort with s-e-x--oh really great). While indeed hooky, "One Week" wasn't humorous enough to change my ways. Maybe someday there'll be a real best-of. And maybe there won't. Frank Black: As the face of the Pixies, the former Black Francis was dandyishly to devilishly arch, epitomizing what people who can't stand "college rock" can't stand about college rock. So though the Pixies had more slash and burn than any art band between Hüsker Dü and Nirvana, Fran sorely needed the fierce musicianship of Joey Santiago and, I like to think, the sweet humanizing gravity of Kim Deal. On his own he's generated plenty of tune, plenty of 'tude, yet seemed silly anyway. If you were to start with 1998's Frank Black and the Catholics you might think better of him. The pseudo-Pixies comp lurking in his catalogue includes Frank Black's "Fu Manchu" and Pistolero's "So. Bay." Bongwater: This collaboration between performance artist Ann Magnuson and guitarist-entrepreneur Kramer had its moments--the acid "Kisses Sweeter Than Wine" was pretty mean. But Magnuson was never as funny as she was supposed to be, and the rock settings Kramer tossed off were trapped in the genericism they postmodernized, which is what he gets for thinking rock and roll is easy. The pair released four albums on Kramer's Shimmy-Disc label before learning to hate each other. In 1998 Shimmy-Disc vouchsafed us the four-CD A Box of Bongwater. Very conceptual. Boredoms: Never trust a band beholden to Metal Machine Music. Never trust a band who dare you to take their horrible name literally, either. I checked out random albums and concluded that this drone-prone Osaka avant-rock collective wasn't for me. I mean, if "ambient hardcore" and a concept where all titles include the word "Anal" are your kind of thing, maybe you should be consulting some other expert. But I liked their track on the Cosmic Kurushi Monsters comp, and, rechecking, I agree that 1990's Soul Discharge is kinda funny--and that 1998's Super AE has a ritualistic vibe. This must mean they're mellowing. Calypso: Most of the music had been collected before, but three Dick Spottswood-compiled '90s releases on Rounder--Calypso Pioneers 1912-1937 (strongest), Calypso Breakaway 1927-1941 (strangest), and Calypso Carnival 1936-1941 (happiest)--provide a fetching introduction to world-pop's most logocentric genre. For those suspicious of soca's unslackening drive and calypso's weakness for stock melody, the goofy dance bands that cavort by here are a carnivalesque surprise. The New York-based Gerald Clark and His Caribbean Serenaders feature guitar, trumpet, violin, clarinet, piano, bass, and usually cuatro, the Port-of-Spain units more or different wind instruments, sometimes percussion. All share a loose, off-the-cuff, polyphonic sound/groove that evokes both klezmer and competing Latin American dance musics, but is without Stateside parallel. Melodies repeat, oh yes they do. The most fetching adorns Sam Manning's "Lieutenant Julian," Wilmoth Houdini's "War Declaration," the Executor's "My Reply to Houdini," Lord Executor's "Seven Skeletons in the Yard," Lord Executor's "How I Spent My Time at the Hospital," Codallo's Top Hat Orchestra's "I Want To Build a Bungalow," Lion's "I Am Going To Buy a Bungalow," Lion's "Vitalogy," Lion and Atilla the Hun's "Guests of Rudy Vallee," King Radio's "Neighbor," King Radio's "Old Men Come Back Again," and King Radio's "It's the Rhythm We Want," among others. But as in the great blues tune families, tempo and phrasing provide decisive variety and arrangement counts for a lot. Then the lyrics begin to signify: "Lieutenant Julian" was a black aviator, "Neighbor" fingers a sex offender, "Seven Skeletons in the Yard" lists Christmas horrors, "Vitalogy" takes off on Latinate medical lingo. But since none is as well-turned as Cole Porter, Johnny Mercer, Beyond a Boundary, or Miguel Street, at this distance their main job is atmospheric: concreteness, morality, and wit to ground the bacchanal. Steve Coleman: In his pop-friendly Afrocentric brass, the M-Base altoist is like a younger version of tenor man David Murray, except that Murray is all of one year his senior--and also a great player where Coleman is a very good one, so common a breed in jazz these days that only specialists bother telling them apart. But with his multitude of bands--Five Elements, Metrics, Mystic Rhythm Society, Council of Balance--Coleman works up more convincing funk and Afropercussive grooves than anyone else working this turf (Greg Osby, to be specific), as in 1990's Rhythm People (The Resurrection of Creative Black Civilization). Predictably, the jazz loyalists "bored" by his propulsion prefer Black Science, Cassandra Wilson lyrics and all. In 1995, Coleman released four live albums simultaneously and knocked me for a loop--there were pleasures aplenty there, but I never sorted them out. I've also enjoyed 1996's Afro-Cuban The Sign and the Seal, 1998's big-band Genesis, and 1999's syncretic The Sonic Language of Myth. But as a nonspecialist I'll make my fine distinctions elsewhere. Kevin Coyne: When this name showed up in a listing one week, I was delighted to announce that the long-lost '70s gravel-voice, first the leader of the prophetically pubbish Siren and then a solo act whose three albums reached America mainly on Elektra's release schedule, had reemerged from what I had feared was a literal bout of the insanity he'd mimicked so convincingly. And though it turned out the Coyne who came to New York was actually some Irish folk musician, I soon received word that the English Coyne had conquered alcoholism and found a good woman in Germany, where he was painting, writing, churning out CDs, and cross-promoting himself like he's in it for life. With most failed old rocker and rollers, survivalist careerism is a species of mortality-in-denial. But Coyne had always played the old codger anyway. And while his mature worldview was rife with roots-rock humanism, he put his back, mind, and voice into it. His most notable German album is the narrative/conceptual Adventures of Crazy Frank. Best U.S. address: c/o Glenn Hirsch, PO Box 650326, Fresh Meadows, New York 11365. Everything but the Girl: Tracey Thorn has always been one of those singers who sounded dandy on other people's records, notably Massive Attack's. Her diffident quietude is designed for new sophisticates, meaning not me, and linked to Ben Watt's lounge jazz once removed she always seemed to warrant that all-purpose what-me-worry dis, boring. Nor did things improve when Watt took cues from Massive Attack and went techno; although he was always understated about it, his affinities were clearly with jungle's soundtrack and fusion tendencies. I decided to get down to cases with these two over 1999's well-regarded Temperamental. But having duly noted that after multiple plays I still had no idea what the songs were about, I sat down with the lyric sheet and realized I'd been missing something--on Temperamental, at least, Thorn's alienated single woman of no special status alone in the city is chillingly and compassionately observed (or is that experienced?). I shouldn't have needed the print, of course--it's the singer's job to make you to notice such stuff. Nevertheless, I'm officially sorry I once called her pseudo-Sade. She's realer than Sade. Fugazi: The most principled band of the '90s declined to send out promos, a decision I would have respected even if they hadn't been so stalwart in minimizing ticket prices, staging all-ages shows, and otherwise putting punk's D.C-based straight-edge ethos into practice. Since their Dischord label remained solvent as other indies went mainstream or under, I'm sure they understood venture capital better than me. I bought three early-'90s albums: 13 Songs, Repeater, and Steady Diet of Nothing. These were enough to convince me that from the strictures of Minor Threat's razor-sharp hardcore to the confrontational formalism of Fugazi's surgical AOR, Ian MacKaye has always been a musical puritan as well as all the other kinds. Obsessed with corruption, he figured out that words and voices don't excise it as efficiently as a well-honed guitar--specifically Guy Picciotto's precise, rock-solid distorto riffs. On Repeater, Picciotto offered something like pleasure. On the other two the resemblance was more abstract. I'm not any kind of puritan. So I stopped buying their records. Hedningarna: As a true American, I relate more naturally to African music than European, which is how I explain my indifference to the Balkan, Irish, Breton, Irish, Basque, Irish, Italian, and Irish folk music I've passed by. The same goes for the "Nordic" stuff released in such abundance on Minneapolis's NorthSide label. But these pan-Scandinavian Swedish and Finnish guys, whose name means the Heathens, are intense--fast, sexual, even sometimes that great snow-country sham, shamanistic. Trä is where to begin; the Hippjokk wolfsong "Návdi/Fasa" is pretty scary; the borderland tribute Karelia Visa imports two female Finns who immediately start making nice--too nice. Jimi Hendrix: Hendrix is the John Coltrane of rock discography--a revered improvisor cut down so young that every taped leaving is treasured by his acolytes. And where, for better and worse, Coltrane's legacy has always been controlled by his widow, it took 25 years for Hendrix's family to get what they deserved. This resulted in many wondrous late-'90s rerereleases. Because Hendrix's art was preeminently sonic, the vibrant digitalized sound on the three studio albums he released while alive is reason enough to buy them again. The reconstructed First Rays of the New Rising Sun is a worthy replacement for 1971's The Cry of Love and its confusion of successors. But like Alice Coltrane, the Hendrix family has completist tendencies reflecting their uncritical regard for the artist they're charged with rendering unto history. This means that twice so far they've replaced excellent Eddie Kramer-overseen reconstruction with longer, less excellent Eddie Kramer-overseen reconstructions: Live at Woodstock for Woodstock (MCA 1999, MCA 1994), BBC Sessions for Radio One (MCA 1998, Rykodisc 1988). For what it's worth, which may not be much, I actually like the lo-fi authorized bootleg Live at the Oakland Coliseum (MCA 1998). But unless you're an acolyte, I'd suggest that to supplement the '60s basics you pick up MCA's 1994 Blues before it's deleted, or shop around for the out-of-print MCA Woodstock and Rykodisc Radio One and Live at Winterland before they disappear. All are available at www.secondspin.com as I write. Huun-Huur-Tu: These stagewise Tuvans tour too much to be cowboys at heart. They're entertainers--cowboys who wish they could quit their day jobs. Around 1993 they ignited a brief vogue for Tuvan throat singing, in which a single vocalist produces two or three harmonics simultaneously. Far more than Smithsonian's culture-specific ethnographic CDs or Shu-De's half-assed RealWorld pop move, Shanachie's 1993 60 Horses in My Herd--Old Songs and Tunes of Tuva is where to sample this exotic sound. Rather than weirdness that fetishizes its own alienation, like yours and mine, this is weirdness at home with itself, a cheerful and awesome thing. Songs and tunes are so slow they sound thoughtfully devotional even when they aren't, which is usually, and traditional fiddle and percussion accompaniment admit a guitar now and then. But it remains so weird that I never developed any sense of their later Shanachie releases. Those who want more should catch their show, which comes with a traveling ethnomusicologist and a shamanistic minidrama featuring animal noises. Or rent the film Tuva Blues, starring folkie bluesman Paul Pena, who taught himself throat singing from records. Or check out Baby Gramps, who learned from Popeye. K.D. Lang: As an out lesbian singing putative country music she galvanized an audience ready to take her seriously--mostly gay, but including me. Conceiving pop as jazz à la Lyle Lovett rather than schlock à la Garth Brooks, she piled on the cred. And she definitely has a voice--calm yet bereft, cool yet kind. But how you respond to a voice is always deeply idiosyncratic, and Lang's continued cult status suggests that not getting hers is nothing to feel guilty about. Or maybe it's just that in a decade when technically accomplished singing made a major pop comeback--which it did, I ambivalently insist, despite what rap-haters feared--good singers writing mediocre songs got more play than they deserved. I listened hard to every one of her albums and stuck every one in my Neither file. Her claque cheers loudest for 1992's Ingénue. Astor Piazzolla: The New York-born tango revolutionary made some 40 albums before escaping his niche with 1986's severe, white-hot Tango: Zero Hour, and once he died in 1992, there seemed a chance every one of them would be repackaged along with 12 miles of concert tape--as I write, one web retailer lists 79 consumables. Stick with the Kip Hanrahan-enabled Zero Hour, then seek out its follow-up, The Rough Dancer and the Cyclical Night; avoid classical ensembles, jazz vibraphonists, and the Milan label. Back when I was trying, I rather liked Tropical Storm's Love Tanguedia. But if you crave a dose of avant-garde romanticism con bandoneon, why not just spring for the three-CD Tangamente 1968-1973? That ought to hold you for a while. The Promise Ring: Sometime in the '90s hardcore punk spawned the catchword "emo"--short for emotional, more than that don't ask me, including when if ever this Milwaukee quartet epitomized it. But I know this--"emo" and "Promise Ring" are often seen on the same page. Dragged to a 1999 gig, I found them transcendentally dull, only to discover later that album number three, Very Emergency, was indeed a tuneful little number. The special poetry in pitch-challenged lead dork Davey vanBohlen's well-meaning search for love is that nowadays most punks are well-meaning dorks going through a phase. I suspect Very Emergency represented a great leap forward. Old fans, already on the train for two or even three years, claim the opposite. Rock en español: You know I'm desperate when I confess spiritual ignorance not of an artist but a whole genre--hell, a whole musical world. I lived two months in Honduras while adopting my daughter, spend more time in Puerto Rico than I do in New Jersey, adore selected Marquez and Carpentier. But although I enjoy the older Cuban genres, Colombian cumbia, and Mexican son, I'm allergic to Iberian melodrama--loathe international balladry (cf. Hot Latin Hits), cringe at flamenco, have never even been a salsa fan. And when it comes to Mexican rock and all its offshoots, well, if I were actually arrogant I'd just say I can't stand any of it--not Los Fabulosos Cadillacs, not Cafe Tacuba, not Maldita Vecindad, all of whom have occupied many hours of my ear time. Each is different, of course, but all share a kitchen-sink stop-and-go that I associate with the bright, cheap, found jumble of Mexico's visual folk culture. As a look, I love it. As music, I think it's art-rock, except when it's really arted up (and grooved down) by my beloved and very L.A. Latin Playboys. Maybe someday I'll retire to Coamo, learn Spanish, and get it. More likely I'll never do any of these things. Santana: It has long been the habit of artists on Arista Records to thank for their success God and Clive Davis, in that order, and if anybody has a right to put God first, it's Haight-Ashbury's longest-running hippie mystic. But though Carlos Santana released plenty of honorable albums in the '90s, including several shows of multicultural piety and some typically just-better-than-average archival digs, 1999's star-studded Supernatural was Clive's miracle: a tribute album owned solely by the tributee (and his corporate sponsor, natch), complete with the hit songs Davis always insists on and quite often gets. Hook him up with Matchbox 20? I ask you, does God have that kind of chutzpah? Jimmy Scott: A jazz balladeer who took the tempo as slowly as any pop stylist of the past 50 years, Scott is as pure as lounge singing gets, yet his 1991 comeback at age 66 preceded and then eluded alt-rock's lounge pseuds. Not only was he African-American, which couldn't have helped, he had too much character--that ethereal croon is so deeply immiserated it seems to detach itself from its own pain and rise from the body that produces it. This style is so recondite that I get suspicious when his admirers marvel over his phrasing while brushing by what's obviously the most interesting thing about the guy--his sexuality or asexuality as the case may be. With his soft soprano and timid cool, he's a strikingly hermaphroditic figure--not campy in the slightest, and if anybody knows whether he's gay it isn't me, but almost eunuchlike. Scott's impassive challenge to conventional gender roles makes him a living counterpart to Billy Tipton. The album I recommend isn't Tommy LiPuma's or Cassandra Wilson's, certified jazzbos though both may be. It's Dream, produced by Mitchell Froom of Richard Thompson/Suzanne Vega/Latin Playboys fame, which swings a little if you listen close. Usually, however, I find him, well, slow. Tarika Sammy: Over and above their fine Afro-Asian tunes and sonorities, the secret of Madagascar's most successful export was female vocalist Hanitra. At her ebullient best she's a pep pill for the soul, but at her chirpy worst she can leave you so nauseous with memories of Peter, Paul & Mary you start to suspect that all these lively rhythms and lovely melodies are nothing more than the market-ready "folk music" of the planet's largest one-world theme park. Shortly after making their mark with 1992's Fanafody, the group split, with Hanitra and her confederates forming the efficiently dubbed Tarika (Malagasay for "band") while musical maestro Sammy held on to the Tarika Sammy brand. Tarika Sammy Mach II is tasteful if not too tasteful--modernist by the standards of their multicultural Petri dish of an island homeland, they sound like folkies from here. Tarika, meanwhile, continue bright if not too bright. I enjoyed 1997's Son Egal but, as usual, got first dizzy and then depressed deciding whether it was chirpy or ebullient. Uz Jsme Doma: Given the debts these Czechs owe the Residents and Uriah Heep, Chris Norris's jape made me giggle--Prague-rock. Slavic bands are almost always prog one way or the other--cf. Skoda's Czeching In comp. Yet on this one's '93 Europe/'96 US Hollywood, the tempo shifts and horn lines and sudden bursts of ugly were as funny as they should have been, more than on the theatrical '91 Europe/'97 US Unloved World. And did these guys have catalogue. I played the '90 Europe/'98 US Fairytales From Needland all the way through several times, I swear it, then mislaid the thing. As for the two-CD Europe '90/US '99 In the Middle of Words, well, I gave it my usual three cuts and never returned. Sorry--I'm just not a prog kind of guy. Caetano Veloso: I only gained respect for the Kurt-Weill-X-Bing-Crosby of tropicália artsong in the '90s, especially admiring 1999's Bahiabeat-cum-jungle (as in techno, not the Amazon) Livro and the irrepressible Gilberto Gil collaboration Tropicália 2 (see UV inside). But the latter record belongs to Gil, the only Brazilian musician save the avant-unique Tom Zé striking enough to carry an Anglophone provincial past his or her Portuguese. I really don't understand how non-Lusophones can wax ecstatic over a songpoet whose words they know from a trot--which, let me add, may not be as poetic as one dreams. So if some polyglot wanted to call him the greatest popular musician of our era, I wouldn't be inclined to argue. I'd just shrug. Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s, 2000

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A misnomer is a term or word that is used to refer to something incorrectly or inaccurately. It is often a result of confusion or historical usage that no longer aligns with the current meaning of the word. Misnomers can be found in many areas of language, from everyday conversations to specialized fields such as science and technology. One common example of a misnomer is the term “gummy worms”. While the name suggests that these candies are made of worms, they are actually just shaped like worms and made of gelatin. Another example is the “French horn”, which is not actually from France but rather from Germany. Misnomers can also be found in scientific terminology. For example, “peanut” is not actually a nut, but a legume. Similarly, a “black hole” is not a hole, but a region of spacetime with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing can escape it, including light. Understanding misnomers is important as it allows us to use language more accurately and avoids confusion. It is also a reminder that words can change meaning over time and that what we think we know may not always be true. By being aware of misnomers, we can communicate more effectively and understand the world around us more accurately. What Does Misnomer Means? Misnomer refers to a name or term that is misleading or incorrect, often mistakenly used to describe something. It can be a word, label, or title that doesn’t accurately represent the thing or concept it is associated with. When something is called by a misnomer, it can lead to confusion or misunderstanding because people may expect something different based on the name. This can happen in various contexts, including everyday language, scientific terminology, and product branding. Examples of Misnomers: Funny Bone: The funny bone is not actually a bone, but a nerve located near the elbow. When this nerve is hit, it can cause a tingling sensation or temporary discomfort. The term “funny bone” is a misnomer because it misrepresents the nature of the sensation. Pencil Lead: The dark core in a pencil is commonly known as “lead,” but it is not made of the element lead. It is actually a mixture of graphite and clay. The use of the term “lead” for the pencil core is a misnomer that originated from historical confusion. Strawberry: Despite its name, a strawberry is not a true berry. It is actually an aggregate fruit derived from a single flower that has multiple ovaries. The name “strawberry” originated from the practice of growing the fruit on straw beds. Therefore, the term “strawberry” is a misnomer from a botanical perspective. These examples illustrate how misnomers can occur in various aspects of language and terminology. It is important to be aware of misnomers to avoid potential misunderstandings and ensure accurate communication. Explaining the Definition and Examples A misnomer is a term or name that is misleading or incorrectly describes a person, place, thing, or concept. It is a mistake in naming that can lead to confusion or misunderstanding. Misnomers can be found in various domains, including science, language, geography, and everyday life. Examples of Misnomers Here are some examples of misnomers: Peanuts: Despite their name, peanuts are not classified as nuts but as legumes. They belong to the same family as beans and peas. Black holes: Black holes are not actually holes, but incredibly dense objects with an intense gravitational pull. They were named “black holes” because they absorb all light that enters them, making them appear black. French horn: The French horn is not actually from France. It originated in Germany and was later adopted by French musicians, leading to the misnomer. Koala bears: Koalas are not actual bears, but marsupials. They are native to Australia and are more closely related to kangaroos and possums. These examples illustrate how misnomers can lead to misunderstandings or misconceptions about the true nature of a subject. It is important to be aware of misnomers and use correct terminology to accurately convey information. Impact of Misnomers Misnomers can have various impacts depending on the context in which they are used. In some cases, they may simply cause confusion or misunderstandings. In other cases, misnomers can perpetuate stereotypes or reinforce incorrect beliefs. For example, calling a certain group of people by a misleading or incorrect name can contribute to their marginalization or discrimination. Similarly, misnomers in scientific or technical fields can lead to misunderstandings and hinder the progress of knowledge. To avoid misnomers, it is important to strive for accuracy and clarity in naming. This includes researching and understanding the true nature of a subject before assigning a name or label. It is also helpful to consult reliable sources, such as experts or reputable references, to ensure that the name accurately reflects the subject’s characteristics. In addition, it is important to be open to correcting and updating our language when misnomers are identified. This allows for more accurate and inclusive communication and contributes to a better understanding of the world around us. |Despite their name, peanuts are not classified as nuts but as legumes. |Black holes are incredibly dense objects with an intense gravitational pull, not actual holes. |The French horn originated in Germany, not France. |Koalas are marsupials, not actual bears. By being mindful of the potential for misnomers and using accurate terminology, we can strive for clearer communication and a better understanding of the world around us. Understanding the Definition of Misnomer A misnomer is a term or name that is misleading or inaccurately describes something. It can refer to a variety of situations where the name given to something does not accurately reflect its true nature, characteristics, or purpose. Examples of Misnomers There are numerous examples of misnomers in everyday language. Here are a few common examples: - The “funny bone” is actually a nerve called the ulnar nerve. Hitting it causes a sensation that is often described as anything but funny. - Peanuts are not actually nuts but legumes, since they grow underground and are part of the bean family. - Blueberries are usually purple or dark blue in color, not actually blue as their name suggests. - The “old world” and “new world” monkeys are both found in the Americas, contradicting the geographic implication of their names. Many popular misnomers have become widely accepted due to long-term usage or lack of awareness of their inaccuracies. Some examples include: - Flying squirrels do not actually fly, but glide between trees using the skin membrane stretching between their limbs. - The “strawberry” isn’t a true berry but rather an “aggregate accessory fruit” since the edible part is not derived from the ovary but from the receptacle. - The “horned toad” is not a toad at all, but a lizard belonging to the genus Phrynosoma. - The “floppy disk” icon used to represent saving files in many computer programs is now a misnomer due to the obsolescence of floppy disks. Implications of Misnomers Misnomers can lead to confusion, misunderstandings, and misconceptions. When names or terms are inaccurately applied, they can create false assumptions or misconstrued expectations. Misnomers can also hinder effective communication and convey incorrect information. Importance of Clarifying Terms To avoid complications arising from misnomers, it is important to clarify and accurately define terms. This can help prevent confusion and ensure that a clear and correct understanding is shared by all parties involved. Using accurate and descriptive language enhances effective communication and promotes accurate knowledge dissemination. Exploring the Origins of Misnomer The word “misnomer” has its roots in the Latin language. It is derived from the Latin word “mis-” which means “wrong” or “incorrect,” and the word “nomen” which means “name.” When combined, they form “misnomer,” which can be translated as “wrong name” or “incorrect name.” The concept of misnomer has been present in language for centuries. Throughout history, people have come up with names or labels that do not accurately represent the person, object, or concept they are associated with. This often happens due to a misunderstanding, misconception, or a lack of knowledge about the true nature of the thing being named. Misnomers can be found in various domains, including science, nature, geography, and everyday life. For example, the jellyfish is not a fish, the peanut is not a nut, and Iceland is not covered in ice. These misnomers can lead to confusion and misunderstandings, as they convey an inaccurate understanding of the subject matter. The Role of Language and Culture Language and culture play significant roles in the development and perpetuation of misnomers. Different languages may have different names for the same object or concept, leading to confusion when trying to translate or communicate across cultures. Cultural factors, such as folklore or traditional beliefs, can also contribute to the creation of misnomers. For example, the African “wild dog” is often referred to as a “painted wolf” due to its unique fur pattern. This misnomer reflects the cultural interpretation of the animal’s appearance rather than its actual behavior or classification. The Evolution of Misnomers Misnomers can evolve and change over time as our understanding of the world improves. As scientific knowledge advances, inaccurate names are often replaced with more appropriate ones. For instance, the planet formerly known as “Pluto” was reclassified as a “dwarf planet” in 2006 due to its different characteristics from the other planets in our solar system. In some cases, misnomers can persist despite efforts to correct them. This may be due to the widespread usage of the incorrect name or the resistance to change entrenched beliefs. For example, the “Chinese checkers” board game has no origin or association with Chinese culture, yet its name remains unchanged. Misnomers are linguistic phenomena that highlight the discrepancies between names and the things they represent. They can arise from misunderstandings, cultural interpretations, or outdated knowledge. While they may cause confusion, misnomers also offer insights into the evolution of language, culture, and scientific understanding. How Misnomers Can Cause Confusion Misnomers can cause confusion by misleading people about the true nature or characteristics of something. When a term or name does not accurately describe what it is referring to, it can lead to misconceptions and misunderstandings. Misnomers can arise from linguistic misunderstandings or errors. For example, the misnomer “koala bear” is often used to refer to the koala, but koalas are not actually bears. This misnomer can lead to confusion and misconceptions about the animal’s classification and characteristics. Another example is the misnomer “Mexican jumping beans.” These beans are not actually beans, but rather seed pods inhabited by the larvae of a small moth. This misnomer can cause confusion about the origins and nature of these unique specimens. Some misnomers stem from historical inaccuracies or misconceptions. For instance, the misnomer “Indian” was used by Christopher Columbus to refer to the indigenous people he encountered in the Americas, mistakenly believing he had reached India. This misnomer has persisted in some contexts, leading to confusion and reinforcing stereotypes. Similarly, the misnomer “French horn” is commonly used to refer to the horn in orchestras, even though it did not originate in France. The instrument’s true name is simply “horn,” but the misnomer can cause confusion and perpetuate the false belief that it is of French origin. Misnomers can also arise in the commercial world. For example, the misnomer “Chinese checkers” is a board game that does not actually have roots in China. The name likely originated as a marketing ploy to make the game seem exotic or foreign, but it can confuse people about its true origins. Similarly, the misnomer “baby carrots” refers to the small, peeled, and shaped carrots that are a popular snack. However, these carrots are not actually baby-sized, but rather a smaller variety of carrot that is shaped for convenience. This misnomer can cause confusion about the true nature and cultivation of these carrots. In the scientific realm, misnomers can arise due to changing understanding or new discoveries. For example, the misnomer “junk DNA” was once used to refer to non-coding DNA sequences that were thought to have no function. However, further research has shown that these sequences do play a role in gene regulation and other important processes. This misnomer can cause confusion and misinterpretation of the scientific concept. Misnomers have the potential to create confusion and perpetuate misconceptions. It is important to be aware of the true nature and characteristics of things, and not rely solely on names or labels. Being critical and understanding the history and context behind misnomers can help to avoid misunderstandings and promote accurate knowledge. Common Examples of Misnomers - Blackboard: Despite its name, a blackboard is not always black. It can be green or even white, as they are often made of different materials like slate, porcelain, or laminate. - Tin Foil: Many people refer to thin metal sheets used for cooking or storing food as tin foil. However, tin foil is actually made of aluminum, not tin. - Peanuts: Contrary to their name, peanuts are not true nuts. They belong to the legume family, and their edible parts are technically seeds enclosed in their pods. - Funny Bone: Despite its name, the “funny bone” is not a bone at all. It is the ulnar nerve, which runs along the inside of your elbow. When this nerve is hit, it causes a tingling sensation. - Lead Pencil: Lead pencils do not actually contain any lead. The material used in pencils is graphite, which is mixed with clay. Explaining the Importance of Accurate Terminology The use of accurate terminology is crucial in various fields and disciplines. Whether it is in scientific research, technical documentation, legal matters, or everyday communication, accurate terminology ensures clear understanding and effective communication. Here are a few reasons why accurate terminology is important: 1. Clarity and Understanding Accurate terminology ensures clarity and promotes understanding among individuals with the same background or expertise. Using precise and specific terms allows for effective communication within a particular field, eliminating confusion and misinterpretation. 2. Precise Communication Precise terminology enables individuals to communicate more efficiently by providing a shared vocabulary. When everyone involved is aware of the precise meaning of specific terms, it becomes easier to convey complex ideas and concepts accurately without the need for lengthy explanations. 3. Avoiding Miscommunication Inaccurate or misused terminology can lead to miscommunication and misunderstandings. This can have serious consequences, especially in areas such as medicine, engineering, and law, where incorrect interpretations can result in errors, accidents, or legal complications. Therefore, using accurate terminology is essential for preventing such potentially harmful situations. 4. Enhancing Professionalism Using accurate terminology demonstrates professionalism and expertise in a given field. It shows that individuals have a thorough understanding of the subject matter and are committed to using the correct terminology associated with it. This contributes to the credibility and reputation of professionals in their respective fields. 5. Consistency and Standardization Accurate terminology promotes consistency and standardization within a particular field. It allows for effective knowledge sharing and collaboration among professionals, as everyone understands and uses the same terms. Consistency in terminology also facilitates research, reference, and data analysis. 6. Preserving Knowledge Accurate terminology helps preserve knowledge over time. By using precise and standardized terms, individuals contribute to the consistency and continuity of knowledge within their disciplines. This allows for better documentation, referencing, and accessibility of information for future generations. Overall, accurate terminology plays a vital role in effective communication, knowledge sharing, and professionalism within various fields. Using precise and specific terms enhances clarity, understanding, and avoids miscommunication. It is essential for professionals to prioritize accurate terminology to ensure the highest level of accuracy and quality in their work. How Misnomers Can Change Over Time As language and society evolve, the meanings and associations of words can change. This also applies to misnomers, which can shift and transform over time. Here are a few ways in which misnomers can change: 1. Expanding Definitions Misnomers can arise from a limited understanding or perspective of a particular subject. As knowledge expands and new information is uncovered, the definitions of certain terms can expand as well. What was once considered a misnomer may become a more accurate representation of the concept. For example, the term “black hole” was initially coined to describe regions in space where gravitational forces are so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. However, with further research and understanding, scientists have realized that “black holes” actually emit a faint radiation, making the name somewhat of a misnomer. 2. Cultural and Historical Context Misnomers can also be influenced by cultural and historical context. As societies and customs change, the meanings of words can shift. For example, the term “Indian summer” is often used to describe a period of warm weather in autumn. However, the origin of the term is rooted in historical misconceptions and stereotypes about Native American culture. Despite its linguistic inaccuracies, the term has endured and remains in use today. 3. Technological Advances Advancements in technology can render certain misnomers obsolete. As new inventions and technologies are developed, the original meanings of certain terms may no longer be accurate. For example, the term “wireless” was initially used to describe technology that transmitted signals and information through physical wires. However, with the invention of wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the term “wireless” no longer accurately represents how these technologies work. 4. Linguistic Evolution Language itself undergoes evolutionary changes over time, and this evolution can impact misnomers. Words can change their meanings, pronunciations, and associations as they are used and adapted by different generations. This linguistic evolution can lead to misnomers becoming accepted and ingrained in the language, even if they are not entirely accurate. For example, the term “hamburger” does not actually contain any ham, yet it has become the widely accepted name for a meat patty served in a bun. In conclusion, misnomers are not static and can change over time due to various factors such as expanding definitions, cultural shifts, technological advances, and linguistic evolution. These changes highlight the dynamic nature of language and the ongoing evolution of human knowledge and understanding. The Role of Misnomers in Language Evolution Misnomers, or the use of misleading or inappropriate names, have played a significant role in the evolution of language throughout history. They occur when a term or phrase inaccurately describes or suggests something, leading to confusion or misunderstanding. While misnomers can initially be seen as errors or inconsistencies in language, they often become accepted and integrated into everyday speech, influencing the development of language over time. 1. Shifting Meanings Misnomers can contribute to the shifting and expansion of word meanings. Over time, words may lose their original meanings and acquire new ones based on common usage. For example, the word “desktop” originally referred to the top surface of a desk, but with the introduction of computers, it now commonly refers to a computer interface. Misnomers can also arise from cultural or historical contexts. For instance, the term “French fries” is commonly used to refer to a type of fried potato dish, but its name originates from the mistaken belief that the fries were invented in France, when they were actually first popularized in Belgium. 2. Cultural Influence Misnomers often reflect the cultural and historical influences on language. They can be a result of misunderstandings or misinterpretations between different cultures or languages. For example, the term “Indian summer” is commonly used in English to describe a period of warm weather in autumn. However, the term originated from a misinterpretation by early European settlers in North America, who believed that the warm weather was a characteristic of the Indian subcontinent. 3. Creativity and Expressiveness Misnomers can also be used intentionally to add creativity and expressiveness to language. They can be employed as rhetorical devices, such as puns or wordplay, to create humorous or evocative effects. For example, the phrase “firewater” is a misnomer used to describe alcohol, playing on the contradictory qualities of fire’s destructive nature and water’s life-sustaining properties. Misnomers can also be used to evoke emotions or convey deeper meanings. For example, calling a challenging task a “piece of cake” is a misnomer that emphasizes the ease of the task sarcastically, making a stronger impact than simply stating that the task is challenging. 4. Language Evolution Misnomers are a natural part of language evolution. As language evolves and adapts to cultural, social, and technological changes, misnomers emerge to bridge the gap between old and new meanings. They reflect the dynamic nature of language and its ability to constantly change and incorporate new terms and concepts. Overall, misnomers are not only linguistic errors but also catalysts for language evolution. They shape and influence the way we communicate, adapt to new circumstances, and express our thoughts and ideas. By understanding the role of misnomers in language evolution, we can gain insight into the ever-changing nature of language and its capacity for growth. Avoiding Misnomers in Everyday Communication Use precise language One way to avoid misnomers in everyday communication is to use precise language. Be clear and specific in your words to ensure that you convey your intended meaning accurately. Avoid using vague or ambiguous terms that could be interpreted in different ways. Be aware of cultural and regional variations Language can vary significantly between different cultures and regions. Be mindful of these differences to avoid misnomers in your communication. For example, certain words or phrases may have different meanings or connotations in different parts of the world. Consider the context and the audience when choosing your words. Check for understanding After conveying information or instructions, it is important to check for understanding to ensure that there are no misnomers. Encourage active listening and ask questions to confirm that your message has been understood correctly. This can help avoid any potential confusion or misunderstandings. Avoid jargon and technical terms Jargon and technical terms can often be misinterpreted or misunderstood by those who are not familiar with the specific field or industry. When communicating with a wide audience, it is best to avoid using these terms or provide clear explanations if they cannot be avoided. Use simple and accessible language to ensure that your message is understood by all. Consider the context When communicating, take into account the context in which your message is being delivered. The same word or phrase may have different meanings depending on the situation. Consider the background knowledge and experiences of your audience, and adapt your language accordingly to avoid misnomers. |Calling a tomato a vegetable |Clarifying that a tomato is actually a fruit |Referring to all facial tissues as “Kleenex” |Using the term “facial tissues” instead of “Kleenex” |Using “ironic” instead of “coincidental” |Using the correct term “coincidental” to describe the situation By following these tips and being mindful of the words we choose, we can avoid misnomers in our everyday communication and ensure that our messages are clear and accurate. What is the definition of misnomer? Misnomer is a term used to describe a situation where the name or label of something does not accurately or appropriately describe its essence or nature. Can you provide an example of a misnomer? Of course! One classic example of a misnomer is the term “French fries.” Despite the name, French fries are actually believed to have originated in Belgium and not in France. Are misnomers only related to naming objects or can they also apply to other aspects? Misnomers can apply to a wide range of things, not just objects. They can also apply to actions, concepts, or even personalities. For example, the term “love handles” is often used to refer to excess fat around the waist, but it doesn’t accurately describe the feeling of love or the true nature of the fat accumulation. Why do misnomers occur? Misnomers can occur for various reasons. They may arise due to historical inaccuracies, linguistic misunderstandings, or simply from the natural evolution of language and cultural influences. What is the significance of understanding misnomers? Understanding misnomers is important as it helps to avoid misunderstandings, promotes clearer communication, and encourages a more accurate understanding of the world around us. It allows us to question and challenge the names and labels that are given to things, ensuring that they truly represent their essence. Can you explain what the term “misnomer” means? Misnomer refers to a word or phrase that is used to describe something inaccurately or inappropriately. It is a term used to indicate when a name or label is misleading or incorrect.

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Artists Who Happen to be Black: Identity and Race within the African-American And Artistic Communities (Selected case studies of a work in progress) Artists Are Different In the third year of my counseling training, I was working for a private practice and was randomly assigned clients on an ongoing basis. By chance, in the beginning of my time in the practice I was assigned 3 working artists: a writer, an improv performer, and a visual artist. Over the course of the year, I realized that the things we talked about were specific to the experience of being an artist and how that identity affected all their relationships and sense of self. One day I was in a session with the visual artist who was talking about being blocked, how deeply he felt the loss of his inspiration, and how crucial his ability to make work was to his sense of social and personal identity as an artist. I was very affected, identifying strongly with his experience and how he described it, and, as we are trained to do, went to see my supervisor (who happened to be gay) after the session to process it. I was surprised when he didn’t understand why the session had such a profound effect on me, and that he didn’t understand what he thought was my extreme response. After a few days reflection, I realized a radical thing I had done when I was younger was coming into play. At the beginning my working life as a designer, I consciously chose being an artist as my primary identity, not gender, or race, or any other social construct. This choice has influenced all aspects of my life, and given me a particular perspective on how I view the world and how the world views me. My supervisor’s response showed me that the rest of the world (and the field of psychology) didn’t feel the same way, and to a certain extent was dismissive of the particular issues that come from being a working artist. Seeing him again after a few days, I tried to explain my responses to the session, and asked him to imagine how he would have felt if he’d had a client who told him a coming out story that related to his own. It was as if I saw a light bulb go off over his head. He got it. After creating an art piece that had to do with therapy as an artistic experience (at Art Expo in Chicago last September), I also came to understand that artists are particularly drawn to therapy. Of all the people I saw the weekend of the fair, (over 80 during the course of three days) most were artists or involved in the arts. Most were trying to work out how to reconcile their drive to create or live as an artist (or within the arts) with the demands of relationships, work and family. Spending time counseling other working artists made me realize that there is a particular need, and that my special understanding of artists’ problems and situations came from being one. I’m interested in how I can disseminate the idea that artists are important to society, need to be appreciated and supported in their endeavors, and deserve parity in access to wellness and mental health counseling. Narrative Sense of Self. According to certain theories of psychology and mind, we are the stories we tell about ourselves. Our sense of self develops from a combination of genetics, familial experience, brain structure, personality traits and tendencies, and social experiences, both internal and external. (White, M. Epston, D., 1990) If the definition of an artist or creative person (an area which is an evolving discussion) is someone who has particular strengths on certain scales of personality, such as openness to experience, conscientiousness, and/or extraversion, is hyper-attentive to surroundings, and engages in divergent thinking, (Feist, 1999), then this person will create a story of themselves that includes their creative talents and their expression. This personal story will also include attitudes and experiences related to their socio-ethnic status and cultural group. If race is a construct (another evolving discussion) and racial groups and cultures are ethnicities, then the personal stories of people in those ethnic groups include perceptions of their relative place in society, other groups’ attitudes towards them, and their attitudes towards themselves. (Tajfel, et al 2004) The story that African American artists tell to themselves and about themselves is a combination of art and race. They embody their history, possibility, and familial connections along with their talent, discipline and desire. Their artistic experience is formed by their personal expression, the arrangement of their lives, and the embellishment of their situations. There are indications of a tension between the telling of the two stories, self-narratives of creativity experienced and talent expressed, and the internal and external experience of being black in America. Often these two narratives come into direct conflict with each other, such as when a black child is told that blacks don’t play, like, or listen to classical music, museums are only for white folks, or that getting educated in the arts is a waste of time and money, since arts organizations don’t hire blacks anyway. Crises of self and awareness come into being at the perception that both narratives are true, and so if a black person really resonates to understanding and listening to Mozart and Ravel, her equally strong experience of being African American in America can invalidate this self realization and awareness of her creative self. Tribes enforce norms. Cultural expectations are the currency of inclusion and create expectations of behavior of the people identifying as part of the group (Wilson, et al, 2008). African American artists are often forced to choose between their identity as an artist or creative person and their understanding of self both internally and externally as a person identified as black in America. When they decide to think or behave in a way that is in contradiction with the cultural norms of their family, community or friends, (consciously or not) they are often accused of not being or acting black, or of thinking they have gotten “too good” for their former relationships. There are myriad solutions to this conundrum, and often these situations and experiences correspond to the in-group out-group sense of tribal and ethnic behaviors of groups based on class, race or nationality (Haidt, 2007). The previous choice is an internal contradiction, but Black American artists also experience an external contradiction as well. There is an ongoing effort to get arts institutions to acknowledge the validity of black American art, and art made by Black Americans (two different ideas that are addressed below). Efforts to achieve parity of remuneration and acknowledgement of influence, borrowing and copying, particularly in the music industry, but in other areas of the arts as well, is still difficult to realize and see in practice. Getting the culture at large to appreciate, and encourage participation by black artists on their own merits and not make assumptions that they are not able, willing, or interested in any given field of artistic expression is an ongoing effort. The multicultural psychology movement has given the psychology field a way to think of one’s self-narrative as a description of an identity, and aspects of the story are often experienced as a person’s multiple identities. A primary identity is the way one thinks of one’s self first and most deeply. (Sue, D., Sue, D. 1990) Most people tend to have gender as primary identity, with men in majority groups often thinking of themselves in terms of their profession primarily as an attribute of status. Minorities in society often identify according to racial identity constructs, externally and internally imposed. (Cote, Levine, 2014). Artists and creatives, once they understand the concept and become aware of a sense of a creative self, often identify being an artist as the most deeply felt and important aspect of their being. Evidence of this is everywhere within the artistic community, from the oft heard refrain that artists think differently and “we’re not like them”, or that people who are not creative are “civilians”. Creatives have often experienced the sense of leaving a family, educational environment or community that is not welcoming or understanding of divergent thinking and finding a place, group or profession where people “get” them. Experiencing the appreciation of their talent, attitudes, and way of thinking for the first time can be a strong way for artists to bind themselves to what is considered an artistic identity and loosen the hold of their previous primary identity of ethnicity. Integrating multiple identities can be a challenge, and every person of multicultural background can attest to its difficulty. There has been some work written and thought about the intersection of identities of women artists (McLaughlin, 2006), but very little about the intersection of ethnicity or race and art. Understanding how to be an artist and black is a problem solved (or not) uniquely by each person who identifies as African American in this society and also feels the need (and has the talent and desire) to become a working artist within American and global culture. Among the artists I have spoken with or surveyed, the solutions to this problem depend on the medium in which they practice and the level of acceptance of the type of black artist society perceives them to be. (Hip-hop musicians have an easier time existing as artists and black than abstract textile visual artists within or outside the context of their work,) I will argue that efforts to exist with both identities run the range from actively choosing one or another in a professional and/or personal sense, denying one or another in the context of their work, blaming an oppressive society for their deprivation of expression or their inability to express one or both of their identities, or working to find a way to integrate both their social and internal feelings of blackness with their drive and personal expression as an artist. My Left Eye or My Right Eye? So what happens when a person is forced to choose between acceptance by his family and community, and being true to a sense of self that the community cannot or does not want to accept or understand. For a subset of African American artists this is a major dilemma, and their artistic experience will often reflect that. For some, the internal conflict is difficult to overcome, but for many more, the external conflict is debilitating. The experience of being a black artist and not being supported by society, the infrastructure of the particular field or medium of expression of the artist, or the denigration of their art simply because of their racial identity has caused a great deal of anger, sadness, depression and disorientation among a number of the artists I have interviewed. Several artist respondents say that they don’t wish to engage in racial or political discussions within their work. They want to be accepted as artists, first and foremost, and have structured their lives and careers so as to avoid or disregard, if possible, the question. They see no merit in engaging in the discussion, since their work is an expression of themselves, and not their racial identity. This does not preclude their activism on other fronts, and doesn’t mean they don’t acknowledge the issue. They just see their art as beyond issues of race or ethnicity Other artists insist that the two cannot be separated. Their attitude is that an artist’s experience and identity as black in America must be a part of any artistic self-expression, and to disregard it is to deny a part of one’s self, and to deny or disregard the experience of the entire ethnic group. How an individual who identifies as an artistic professional and a Black American responds to these challenges is determined by a variety of factors, just as the responses of all people are formed by their psychological, social and biological situations and determinants. Among the participants who have completed my survey and/or have been interviewed, certain commonalities of experience begin to show. Some of these are universal, such as the need for familial unconditional love and support of the choices an artist makes in their education and development, in order to succeed and grow as an artist and a person. Other familial experiences, such as parental attachment, family and peer background, family history and success (or not) in the arts, will show how this affected family dynamics and the development of the artistic person, and are equally universal and important. The Danger of A Creative Personality Artists are, by just about any definition, open to experience (Csikszentmihalyi, 1996), and their heightened attention is enhanced by interest in the subject at hand. They can also be driven, ambitious, more confident in themselves and less willing to engage in conventional thought patterns and ideas. (Rothenberg 2006). This combination of personality traits and behaviors is seen as a lightning rod in the black community, going against many of the ways black society has developed to keep safe, stay “beneath the radar” of police and other authorities, and to protect itself from the harm of dashed hope. There is something in black family lore known as “the talk” (Amber, 2013). It is given to adolescents in order to make them understand the dangers that come with existing in a minority body in the USA as well as how to handle themselves in interactions with external authority figures and institutions. It usually consists of strong suggestions to defer, keep eyes down, don’t engage, don’t threaten, don’t draw attention to yourself, don’t antagonize, behaviors which are directly contradictory to the innate attitudes one usually finds in the creative person. Existing as an artist in the black community often entails hiding, or denying an artistic sensibility and sense of self. The difference, and sometimes conflict, in attitude between artists and non-creative thinkers, is another universal situation, present in many communities. The difference in the black community is that the desire of parents and family for the artist and creative person to keep their head down is based on a desire for their safety. It is rooted in the awareness of black society’s history of interaction with law enforcement, and with political and governmental institutions that continues and has lead to events of the current day. Arguably, this attitude extends to the interaction and dynamic between creative artists, with differing opinions as to how to resolve the tension and conflict among themselves, their communities, and society. The Survey Questions I have spoken to artists working in a variety of mediums and read the accounts of many more, since in interviews and their own writing and performance they often touch on the subject of what it’s like to be a black creative in their given field. When I originally thought of the content of this paper, I drew on my personal experience as a practicing artist as well as my current practice in counseling and therapy for artists and working creatives in formulating the questions, hoping to get qualitative answers about the lived experience of Black American artists. The first four questions are directed at the early experience of creating an identity and sense of self. They refer to familial support, self-understanding, and educational opportunities and situations. The second four questions address the professional experience of the artist, including how they perceive themselves within their profession, and whether and how their race has affected them professionally. The third set of three questions asks about mental health, counseling and relationships, and how being a creative influences or affects their ability to have relationships and seek counseling if needed or desired. The last question tries to get at the heart of the conundrum of identity of being a black artist in America, insofar as it asks the respondent to think about what their image of a creative person is, and whether they conform to it, or are outside of the societal, cultural, internal or external expectations of who (or what) an artistic person is or can be. What kind of Artist, what kind of work? For a large number of the artistic careers whose cases I have considered, anger seems to be a common thread of feeling. This can occur and manifest at various levels, from a low-grade acknowledgement of just living with the “way things are” to a rage that boils over either in their lives or their work, or both. How an artist handles their particular level and form of rage can spell their success or failure, their ability to practice their art or not, and their ability to function in personal and professional realms. Below are examples of how two artists experienced anger over perceived but explicit racial bias in their professions. These are but two of the variety of anger responses to bias and racism and the range of success, failure or disengagement each response engenders. The fantasy writer N.K. Jemisin, in a podcast on Tor.com (2015), spoke of initially writing a novel according to the conventions of the fantasy genre, which was well received by the industry but ultimately not published because the publishing house thought they could not sell the piece unless it had all white, European characters. After that experience, she says she sat down and, in an extended expression of anger about that experience in the mainstream fantasy publishing industry, wrote what would become an award-winning and bestselling novel of the same genre, “The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms”. In it she creates characters and a world where the focus is on people of color in a non-European setting, and the novel becomes about cultural conflict and oppression. Her story and her response to the bias of the publishing industry caused her to be even more successful, in that she touched a chord among the fantasy reading public, which was very receptive to an alternative to the rote forms of the fantasy epic genre. An artist who has had a less positive response to his views about the bias against black art, and more struggles for success in his chosen media is painter and writer John Sibley. He states (J. Sibley survey interview, 2015) his belief that all African American artists have mental issues from having to deal with day-to-day racism, and the duality of being black and American makes all black American artists paranoid or schizoid to some degree. Sibley’s work, a series of self-published memoirs and fiction, describes the world as he sees it for Black Americans in general and black artists in particular as being difficult, constrained by institutional racism toward African American people in general and creative people of color in particular struggling mightily to remain undefeated in the face of societal oppression. Other artists choose to live primarily through their artistic identity, either personally or professionally, and don’t overtly include or acknowledge racial or cultural content in their work. Among several artists with whom I spoke, the creation of the art and the interaction with the observer/audience is the key element to their lives as an artist, and is at least as important, if not superceding their racial identity. An example of this attitude about how to create work and a successful career in spite of racial (and gender) bias comes from Washington D.C. artist Lilian Burwell. She describes various problems her race and gender presented to her early in her career, from the antagonism of college administrators to the emotional and physical abuse of an early marriage that denied any creative practice and expression on her part (L. Burwell, survey and interview, 2015). She overcame these obstacles to combine a career of art making and teaching, which she describes as letting her identity and practice as a creative person allow the spirit of art to come through her. She describes her creative life as looking for the sun in her work, and turned racial setbacks and problems into opportunities to develop creativity and strength. Her art, she feels, in its abstraction of color, shape, and light has transcended her racial identity, although all her life she has tried to effect social change through her position as teacher and activist. Bob Stroger is a musician with a long career in the blues, playing with the greats in the field. As a young person in 1930’s and 40’s rural Missouri, he saw how musicians were respected and stood apart from the rest, and decided he wanted to be like them, eventually dedicating his life to music. He has stated (B. Stroger interview and survey, 2015) that music has no prejudice, it is a universal language that he speaks, connecting with audiences all around the world. He actively avoids any discussion of politics and activism, mentioning a particular time in Russia when he was pointedly asked to comment on American racial issues; he was simply unwilling to engage in the discussion. He is aware, though, of the problems that can arise from being black in America, and says that one of the reasons he never became involved with illegal drugs was because he knew that as a black man in rural Missouri, touring the south, any interaction with the authorities could be dangerous and possibly fatal. He says that he is a musician first and foremost, feeling that artists are a special family who have the opportunity to perform for and connect with their audience. Their job is to love what they do, give 100%, and realize that they are there for the audience, not the other way around. Black Art, and Artists who happen to be Black. There is an ongoing disagreement in the community of black American artists as to whether it is possible, desirable or beneficial to artists and the world at large to create work that is not directly related to or referencing the black cultural experience in America. While there is a vast difference in how each discipline approaches this question, the discussion hasn’t really changed. In the late 60’s a symposium of 6 Black sculptors at the Metropolitan Museum of NYC (Bearden, et al, 1969) were pretty evenly split over the issue, and the New York Times recently posted an article asking how to allow and accept social consciousness and other species of sensitivity to reside within the same person (Cunningham, 2015) with equally ambivalent results. In the music world, Elvis Presley and British rockers were accused of appropriating the music of blues and jazz musicians without remuneration or credit (Garofalo, 2002) . Nikki Minaj, Taylor Swift and Miley Cyrus are having exactly the same conversation 60 years later (Rogers, 2015). Is there such a thing as black art? Who owns it? Who has the right, or the duty, to create it? Is it possible to separate the making of art from the cultural and racial identity of the maker? What are the consequences, personally, professionally, and culturally when that happens? Do these questions still apply given current social change? Helping to understand and accept the validity of each person’s unique answer to these questions will help artists to create a more stable sense of self. For the purposes of this research, and to better collaborate and consult with the artists and creatives with whom I work, I’m open to opportunities to share what I can do in a variety of settings, individuals, groups, and organizations, and hopeful that this paper and presentation will help me to do this, aiding artists and creatives of all cultures, races, and ethnicities. This will allow artists to create the best work possible, ultimately forming the conscience and creative expression of our society. Amber, J., (2013) The Talk: How parents raising black boys try to keep their sons safe. Time Magazine. Bearden, R., Gilliam, S., Hunt, R., Lawrence, J., Lloyd, T., Williams, W., Woodruff, H., (1969). The Black Artist in America, the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 245-261 DOI: 10.2307/3258415 http://www.jstor.org/stable/i3258415. Cote, J. E., & Levine, C. G. (2014). Identity, formation, agency, and culture: A social psychological synthesis. Psychology Press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The Creative Personality. Psychology Today, 29 (4), 36-40. Cunningham, V., (2015) Can Black Art Ever Escape Race? The New York Times Magazine.http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/20/magazine/can-black-art-ever-escape-the-politics-of-race.html?action=click&contentCollection=magazine®ion=rank&module=package&version=highlights&contentPlacement=4&pgtype=sectionfront&_r=0 Feist, G. J. (1998). A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 290–309. Garofalo, R. (2002). Crossing over: From black rhythm & blues to white rock ‘n’roll. Rhythm and business: The political economy of black music, 112-137. Haidt, J. (2007). The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science, 316, 998–1002. Hines, C. G. (2004). Black Musical Traditions and Copyright Law: Historical Tensions. Mich. J. Race & L., 10, 463. McLaughlin, Pamela Ann, “Mapping an identity: How women artists develop an artistic identity” (2006). Teaching and Leadership – Dissertations. Paper 25. Murad, M., Jemisin, N. K., (2015). Midnight in Karachi (podcast interview) Tor.com ahttp://www.tor.com/2015/08/20/midnight-in-karachi-episode-25-n-k-jemisin/ Rothenberg, A. (2006). Essay: Creativity—the healthy muse. The Lancet, 368, S8-S9. Rogers, K., (2015) Niki Minaj: Black Women Rarely Rewarded for Pop Culture Contributions” New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/23/arts/music/nicki-minaj-black-women-rarely-rewarded-for-pop-culture-contributions.html?mabReward=CTM&action=click&pgtype=Homepage®ion=CColumn&module=Recommendation&src=rechp&WT.nav=RecEngine Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Handbook of creativity. Cambridge University Press. Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (1990). Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice. Tajfel, Henri; Turner, John C.Jost, John T. (Ed); Sidanius, Jim (Ed), (2004). The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior. Political psychology: Key readings in Social Psychology., (pp. 276-293). New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, xiii, 497 pp. White, M. & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends. NewYork: W.W. Norton. Wilson, D. S., Van Vugt, M., O’Gorman, R., (2008) Multilevel Selection Theory and major Evolutionary Transitions. Current Directions in Psychology Vol. 17, No 1. 6-9

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Upon entering the search term ‘feminist good manners’ into google one day, one of the first papers to crop up was one entitled “No chivalry, thanks”. The author of that article sought to differentiate between the notion of ‘good manners/politeness’ on the one hand and ‘chivalry’ on the other. Her position was that good manners are mostly OK, whilst ‘chivalry’ is bad. I agree with her that chivalry can be a negative factor … but not for the reason she states. Let’s detour for a moment to visit www.thefreedictionary.com, where upon entering the term “good manners” we bring up the following related words: - personal manner, manner – a way of acting or behaving - niceness, politeness – a courteous manner that respects accepted social usage - urbanity – polished courtesy; elegance of manner - graciousness – excellence of manners or social conduct - chivalry, politesse, gallantry – courtesy towards women - respectfulness, deference, respect – courteous regard for people’s feelings; “in deference to your wishes”; “out of respect for his privacy” - civility – formal or perfunctory politeness The definition of the term ‘chivalry’, on the other hand, includes “The qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women”, and “kindness and courteousness especially towards women or the weak”. Back now to the ‘No chivalry, thanks‘ article where the author takes aim at two criticisms of feminism, which she describes as being: The “cake and eat it too” complaint: “This anti-feminist argument says that women want to be independent and strong when it’s convenient for them, but they don’t want to lose the option for men to buy them dinner, open doors, and all around make them feel special. We want all the rights afforded to men, but that we also want to be treated better than men. Feminists want special, not equal, treatment, or in other words, they want their cake and to eat it too”, and The “feminists hate manners!” complaint: “Other anti-feminists have chosen to smack-talk feminism by claiming that any stance which truly speaks out against chivlary (sic) is actually an affront to good manners.” The author indicates that she’d “like to dismantle these complaints”, but in fact her views only serve to reinforce the validity of those complaints whilst undermining the feminist perspective generally. Her comments include: The core of my disdain for chivalry is that it’s rooted in a gendered premise. Its very notion is that women need special assistance and wooing, which I flat out disagree with. Given this, I can say fully that I do not want or expect chivalry. In that way, the “cake and eat it too” complaint is nonsense to me. I do not want any person to look at me and treat me differently based off of (sic) my gender, even if that treatment is favourable. (Mod: My emphasis added. LOL … I think we could readily find a plethora of exceptions to that with respect to feminist goals and achievements generally!) “The same goes for stereotypes of all sorts–just because something is “nice” (ie Asians are so smart!) doesn’t make it any less racist. So with chivalry, just because it’s “friendly,” doesn’t make it any less sexist.” “All in all, I simply feel that chivalry and feminism are inherently incompatible. I would never expect to be treated both equally and special. That’s an oxymoron. In fact, I’m not entirely sure that there are women who actually are advocating for both. Yes, some women want chivalry, but I would suspect they do not typically identify as feminists. To me, it seems a to be a straw man situation, as is the claim that feminists are really attacking manners. Nevertheless, it is important for us to understand the arguments used against our viewpoints, no matter how trivial.” So in short, many feminists abhor chivalry because they perceive it as a pattern of behaviour intended to subjugate and patronise women, and as a manifestation of what they term ‘benevolent sexism‘. Ah, but it gets confusing. In yet another of their breathtaking displays of hypocrisy, feminists strongly rely upon and encourage chivalry to achieve their goals. Look at all the calls for men to mobilise against other men in stopping domestic abuse and rape. Consider the #HeForShe campaign and many other similar campaigns. In none of these examples do feminists call for, or support, corresponding campaign for women to support men or men’s rights. In contrast, the core of my ambivalence in relation to chivalry is that: - I believe in gender equality, and chivalry cannot and should not exist where there is true equality - Chivalry is the fuel that drives the actions of ‘white knights’, men who make it their duty to hamper progress on raising awareness and acceptance of men’s rights issues. - Chivalry stands in the way of objective reasoning. Chivalry causes men to conflate the often unreasonable assertions and demands of feminists, with the welfare of women generally. I see this happening in almost every mainstream media article that permits readers to contribute comments, wherein men attack one another in the mistaken belief that any progress on achieving men’s rights is not just a set-back for women, but somehow akin to spitting in their face. If only such men would make an effort to familiarise themselves with not just the specific issue under consideration, but also both the nature of feminism and of men’s rights advocacy generally. More thoughts on good manners and chivalry Female Privilege on the Titanic – The Fiamengo File 2.0 (16 May 2022) No, chivalry is not dead – but it’s about time it was (18 January 2022) I suspect that feminists have no idea of the extent to which the strength of their lobby relies on the continued existence of rampant and endemic chivalry (sans any chivalric expectations re: women’s conduct). Court sheriff sacked for breaking up a fight between two women (3 October 2018) Australia Modern dating experiences including ‘ghosting’ and ‘bread-crumbing’ leave three in four women feeling that chivalry is dead (2 August 2017) Women have been doing these things to men since whenever, now more men are giving back the same and it’s suddenly unfair This reader’s comment by ‘SantaOrange’ in a Reddit discussion thread addresses why chivalry is a major constraint to making progress on men’s rights (10 May 2017) Here’s a recent newspaper item that features a prat-like whinge from a woman who would like men to leave her alone – after they perform whatever service she requires. Presumably men are meant to magically realise that she is a feminist and is not interested in social overtures. But on the other hand they are magically meant to know that although she is a feminist, she does appreciate men helping her by performing manual labour in relation to her overweight carry-on luggage. Perhaps if she held up a sign providing all this information, then men might be more co-operative/compliant. A subsequent online discussion can be found here. And here is an article on the subject of holding doors open (plus readers comments) in a feminist blog. Here is an article entitled ‘He also pays for his own dinners‘ that , in a patronising tone, sniffs at the notion of men displaying chivalry and their motivations for doing so. The best thing about the article was this readers comment: “The most generous and helpful thing a man can do for a woman on an individual level is to hold her accountable – no letting her off because she’s female. If traditional expressions of chivalry are important to women, let women do them. My girlfriend brought me flowers last night because I had a bad day. Fine. I’ll cook her dinner sometime. Listen men, chivalry backfires. If you pay for the first date you’re losing a valuable opportunity to screen out the women who will see you as nothing but an ATM machine. And there’s no such thing as paying for a first date anyway. When you pay for a first date, you’re making it cheaper for her to go on another date with somebody else. You’re just subsidizing her search for the perfect man. Do yourself a favour and make women chip in for their quest for Mr. Right. And men, while we’re on the subject of chivalry, remember you’re not a human punching bag. Make it very clear at the beginning of the relationship: if she ever hits you, screams at you, or calls you names, or tries to humiliate you in front of your friends, or destroys any of your property on purpose, or tries to use sex as a bargaining chip, that’s the end of the relationship, right then, right there. No questions asked. No looking back. Just walk away. Don’t let your sense of chivalry turn you into a victim. You’re better than that.” Men are weirdly concerned about trans women’s use of female bathrooms, according to new study (December 2016) How to take a good thing – men’s ingrained protective instinct towards women – and paint it as a negative. “Men were 1.5 times more likely than women to have concerns about transgender women using women’s bathrooms.” Man stabbed in Southbank while coming to woman’s aid (25 February 2017) Australia. It appears the female being assaulted left the scene – did you she render any assistance to her rescuer? Don’t be that guy. Timely that this incident occurred the same week as this article in The Conversation. Dave Chappelle on how women killed chivalry (21 November 2016) Comedy video Home Hill stabbing: British journalist Tom Jackson attacked as he went to aid of Mia Ayliffe-Chung (26 August 2016) Tom sadly later died from his injuries. Damseling, chivalry and courtly love (part two) by Peter Wright (17 July 2016) Belinda Brown: Women exploit men’s chivalrous instincts (12 June 2016) Chivalry is not dead when it comes to morality (8 June 2016) We’re more likely to sacrifice a man than a woman when it comes to both saving the lives of others and in pursuing our self-interests, a team of psychology researchers has found. The Confused Male: Do women really want what they say they want? (3 May 2016) UK Chivalry: A learned deathwish, by Paul Elam (25 April 2016) Would you be a Good Samaritan? Chinese kung fu student JAILED after saving woman from sexual harassment on a bus (22 April 2016) China. The woman ran away Liz Hayes relives terrifying moment 60 Minutes crew were attacked (21 March 2016) Australia. Careful Liz, don’t let the feminists hear you admitting that – it’s kind of the opposite of their precious narrative … “I just knew, they wouldn’t hit me … I was glad, right then, that I was a woman. I felt they wouldn’t hit me because of that, and that might mean I could slow things down a bit. I’m pretty sure if I was one of the guys I probably would have been hit as well.” Good Samaritan Norman Olsen dies in hospital (24 February 2016) Australia Female bouncers, sin bins should be considered as part of lockout laws, psychologist says (19 February 2016) I think female bouncers would be less likely to get punched due (in part) to chivalry, but the idea appears to contradict the feminist position on DV whereby men seen to be just as likely/more likely to hit a woman. Chivalry and the Law: How Women Get Off, by Krista Milburn (15 February 2016) Recommended reading Feminism, sex-differences and chivalry (7 February 2016) Boats for women, by Mark Dent (12 January 2016) Chivalry still a force to be reckoned with, by Miranda Devine (12 December 2015) “The most despicable thing about the feminist movement is that it exploits male protective instincts and male virtues such as self-sacrifice for the “greater good” in order to expand female privilege. It doesn’t actually challenge these gender roles in any meaningful sense. But I agree it’s time to put an end to chivalry. The cat is out of the bag and it’s not going back in.” (Source) Man is crushed to death by falling elevator in New York City (1 January 2016) Video captures man’s attempt to catch woman falling 11 storeys (1 January 2016) If men owe women chivalry, what do women owe men? (30 November 2015) YOYO 19: One day a month, stop protecting women (30 September 2015) The sad reality of today’s male-female dynamic. I have women I love in my life and I wish things were different. It’s sad people have to think twice before helping others (9 September 2015) Reddit discussion thread Why don’t we have stories about women sacrificing themselves for the men they love? by Janet Bloomfield (9 July 2015) Men must stop playing by the rules, walk away, and claim their autonomy. The gender contract is null and void. If a new social contract is to be agreed, it must be agreed by free men (18 June 2015) Reddit mensrights discussion thread Model receives death threats after splitting bill on date (22 April 2015) Chivalry but equality: The feminist double-standard, by Prentice Reid (21 April 2015) What ever happened to chivalry? by Peter Wright (13 April 2015) Opinion: Chivalry, not gender politics, dictates who pays for that first date, by Caroline Marcus (12 April 2015) Notice not one reader comment in support of this hypocritical sexist tosh John Stuart Mill on chivalry (31 March 2015) Chivalry could indicate hidden sexism, study finds (10 March 2015) I’m a Feminist and I Still Want These 7 Gentlemanly Gestures. Do You? (20 February 2015) and related reddit mensrights discussion thread White Ribbon Campaigns: Promoting medieval chivalry (25 November 2014) And more recently, an article entitled ‘Equality is essential but so is chivalry‘ (Herald Sun 16 June 2014). This one very much in the all rights/no responsibility vein. It starts of bemoaning the fact that nobody stood up for a pregnant woman on a train and then goes on and on from there. The usual feminist theme of … there’s a problem, men caused it, and it’s mens responsibility to fix it … to our specifications. No readers comments were permitted – wonder why? Thank goodness that this MRA made the time to prepare a great rebuttal. Why women need to start asking men out … because men have no balls (9 September 2014) The author of this incredibly sexist article, notable only for the caustic criticism of the 1,200+ readers comments that follow it, was Lauren Martin. Jennifer Lawrence Nude Pics Highlight Ongoing Struggle With Chivalry (2 September 2014) How to be a 21st Century ‘Gentleman’ (12 September 2014) I liked this reader’s comment: “Are there any classes teaching women some basic etiquette, too? Why are we just gripping on men when women need just as much a major make-over on behavior”. This theme is oft repeated – recent versions here and here, and with a rebuttal article here Feminists and their progressive allies think that children swearing edgy and humorous – provided it’s for a ‘good’ cause (October 2014) Why I no longer hold doors open for women (9 September 2014) ‘Why didn’t I stop to help a woman in need?‘ (5 August 2014) The article is fairly ordinary but there is some excellent material amongst the readers comments section. From “Women assault elderly man” to “Shame on men” in easy steps, by Jim Muldoon (1 March 2014) Women are fine with sexism … as long as it benefits them (22 October 2013) The One Good Man (16 March 2011) Now for the background to this article you’ll need to take a look at this other blog post. In the article feminist author, Lauren Rosewarne, lashes out at those concerned about comments made by a federal parliamentarian. That politician told journalists that she wanted a male partner who was rich, well-endowed and who didn’t talk. Lauren haughtily admonishes us, “today the sane amongst us dismiss such notions as laughably repressive and egregiously controlling.”

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Donations: Ukraine VGO Coalition have told us that the best way to help is to make a donation to help in this situation. - Inclusion Europe have agreed that we will coordinate this. - You can contribute your donation here. This post is no longer updated. For new developments click here. “Weeks of horror. And we cannot possibly leave.” – 10 March International press heard from people with disabilities and their families in Ukraine what their situation is. - There was a press conference on 10 March. - Read key messages, or watch full recording here. Some of the media coverage following the press conference: - Ukraine: Menschen mit Behinderung besonders betroffen (kathpress.at) - What Happened on Day 15 of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine – The New York Times (nytimes.com) - Fate of Ukrainians with disabilities a ‘crisis within a crisis’ | Reuters - Ουκρανία: Το δράμα 2,7 εκατομμυρίων ατόμων με αναπηρία (makthes.gr) - Ucraina, “enorme vulnerabilità” delle persone con disabilità: son (difesapopolo.it) How you can help: Main issues 1. Call on Russia to stop the war! This is the only way to prevent further harm and suffering. - Write to your governments to do all they can to stop the war, and to protect Ukrainian people. - Consider joining local protests against the Russian war. - The VGO Coalition alone is 14,000 families of people with disabilities. They need help with daily supplies, medicines, shelters, hygiene products. - There are at least 100,000 people in care homes / institutions in Ukraine; 80,000+ children, thousands of adults with disabilities. Aid must try and reach them to see in what situation they are. There is great risk of them being abandoned, harmed by military action. Support and information from our members Inclusion Europe members join in promoting the information and supporting our Ukrainian friends and colleagues. We are adding information in various languages as we get them: - Krieg in der Ukraine | Lebenshilfe - Kriget i Ukraina (fub.se) - Zbiórki funduszy niezbędnych do wsparcia uchodźców z niepełnosprawnością – PSONI + easy-to-read Wojna w Ukrainie – PSONI - Upholding the human rights of people who have an intellectual disability in Ukraine – Inclusion Ireland - Urgent support required for Ukrainians who have a learning disability – ENABLE Scotland (with support from Learning Disability England and All Wales People 1st) - Menschen mit Behinderungen sind in der Ukraine zusätzlich bedroht | Lebenshilfe Österreich - Plena inclusión España lanza una campaña de ayuda de emergencia para apoyar a las víctimas de la guerra en Ucrania – Plena inclusión - Ukrainan kehitysvammaisia ihmisiä ja heidän perheitään ei saa hylätä | Tukiliitto - Solidaritet med Ukraina – FDUV - LEV from Denmark - ÉFOÉSZ has started to make easy-to-read content and other materials in hungarian about the russian invasion of Ukraine Disability inclusion in humanitarian aid Resources for disability inclusion in humanitarian aid and emergency response: Russia’s war on Ukraine, in the words of family members of people with intellectual disabilities, 8 March Inclusion Europe is contacting families and organisation that are part of the VGO Coalition. This is some of what we are hearing from them: - “So in the near future, their financial situation will deteriorate. Many have run out of food supplies. It is the need for food, or the means to buy food. Also medicines, hygiene products…” - “On 04.03.2022 in Uzhgorod there are 60,000 officially registered refugees. 7-10% of them are people with disabilities. There is a crisis: the stores run out of products, insufficient antiepileptic drugs, hygiene products.” - “Families are at home all the time, because our city is also under fire and there are constant airborne alarms. - Families are now in a state of shock, incomprehension, helplessness. Only 2 families from our members of the organisation have left.” - “There are already many requests for the essentials – products, medicines, hygiene products, adult nappies. If possible, torches, electric banks, sleeping bags…” - “They bomb outside the window, we sit in apartments with adult sons/daughters who do not understand why they can’t go outside, have aggression, seizures. We cannot leave them alone to go to store. There are long queues, unavailable products. No way to survive.” - “We need long-term storage food. There is still water, but not for drinking, so we also need that.” - “It’s bad [in institutions in the region]. Food is running out, heating is running out.” - Help whichever way you can, including by spreading the word. War refugees with disabilities in Poland – situation, support, needs: “Millions with disabilities ‘abandoned’ in Ukraine”, 6 March Warnings people with disabilities are being ‘left behind’ as refugees flee conflict, writes The Independent. - “There are 2.7 million people with disabilities in Ukraine, according to the European disability forum, while Inclusion Europe estimates there are around 261,00 people with intellectual disabilities.” Adam Zawisny, from our member PSONI, says: - There is a “frightening […] black hole” in information on what to do in this situation. - Thousands of children from children’s homes had been evacuated to Poland over the last few days, partly because there were no staff in the institutions to care for them and due to dangers of being hit by shells. - This isn’t the case for adult residential and social care homes though: “It’s hard to believe that the situation will be better than in the homes for children which were evacuated.” Obtaining medication, such as epilepsy pills, had become “impossible” and accessing bomb shelters “incredibly difficult” for people with conditions such as autism who were left to “just stay in their homes hoping for the best,” Milan Šveřepa says in the article. - Inclusion Europe said in a statement that it had also received reports this week of “families with their children with disabilities [living] in the bathrooms or basements to protect themselves from bombs”. Russian forces take over psychiatric hospital in central Ukraine, governor says; Reuters Help from Inclusion Europe members starts to reach Ukrainian families. Just spoke with Raisa, VGO Coalition in Ukraine. She asked me to pass on to @InclusionEurope members, everyone gratitude for your help. Means a lot, not only money but also knowing they aren’t alone. First money from our members reached families last week. More’ll follow — Milan Šveřepa 🌻 (@misver) March 6, 2022 - Tukiliitto, Finland, donates € 15,000. People with intellectual disabilities are caught up in the war in Ukraine – it is difficult to escape and understand the frightening changes, 5 March Raisa Kravchenko from VGO Coalition gave an interview to Yle in Finland. The article talks about: - A few days ago, police arrested Raisa’s son because he was outside, in violation of curfew. Raisa’s son is 37-years old and has intellectual disabilities. “He’ll get agitated if he can’t get out. He is used to going out every day and it is part of his daily routine,” Raisa said. - After the war broke out, the local residential service where Raisa’s son was staying in Kyiv closed [it is used by Ukrainians who fled the war], and he returned returned to live with his mother outside of Kyiv. “I am physically disabled myself, and caring for my son is hard. It is difficult for us to go anywhere.” There are around 100 000 people officially classified as having intellectual disability in Ukraine. An estimated 30,000 of them live in various care centres. - In 1994, Raisa Kravchenko founded the Ukrainian Association for Parents with Intellectual Disabilities and has later been a member of the VGO Coalition, a national umbrella organisation for voluntary organisations in the field. - According to her, the situation of people with intellectual disabilities in Ukraine was difficult even before the war. “Two years ago, the funding of our organisations was driven down. I don’t know if this has anything to do with preparing for war or not. Services have been cut all the time.” On Friday, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimated that more than 1.25 million people have left Ukraine since the war began. - Fleeing abroad with children with intellectual disabilities is difficult and many have decided to stay put or simply change their place of residence in Ukraine. - Sudden changes in routines can be difficult for people with intellectual disabilities. The situation is made difficult by the fact that people with intellectual disabilities may not be able to understand the causes of the changes. There is also this article in Spanish with information about the situation in Ukraine. “We are holding on”, 4.3. “The situation is complex and different in different places. In Kyiv, fighting, frequent alarms, should be covering in shelters or basements day and night. Most mothers are powerless and simply stay in apartments with adult children with intellectual disabilities during airstrikes. There are no prescription drugs and little food – not all are delivered to stores. So far, state pensions and disability benefits are paid by card, but not all shops and pharmacies accept money from cards, and ATMs have to stand in line for hours. Children with behavioural disorders are scared and therefore they have aggressive behaviour. Many European countries accept refugees from Ukraine, but there are younger mothers who have children with disabilities, mothers of older people with disabilities are afraid of not being able to stand the road.” Raisa Kravchenko via VGO Coalition facebook page A #Ucraïna, hi ha milers de persones amb discapacitat intel·lectual que estan patint la guerra@inclusioneurope inicia una campanya per demanar que l’ajuda humanitària inclogui a les persones amb discapacitat — TEBVist (@TEBvist) March 3, 2022 Appeal from help from Ukraine, 2.3. There was a call today with Inclusion Europe member in Ukraine, the VGO Coalition. Many of our members across Europe attended to offer solidarity, and specific support. The VGO Coalition shared their appeal for help: We are a network of 118 Ukrainian local non-governmental organizations for persons with intellectual disabilities representing abut 14 thousand families from all the regions of Ukraine. - We appreciate highly numerous letters of support and requests about our situation from our international friends. - The war came to every Ukrainian home. - The duties of providing for a family member with intellectual and behaviour disability became much harder now, all our time is dedicated to our beloved ones who survive special storm of turmoil not being able to comprehend the surrounding mess. - The families of Ukrainians with intellectual disabilities survive very difficult times. In total, over 261 thousand Ukrainians are awarded official disability status due to a psychiatric diagnosis. - All day centres are closed, all community based services stopped, some cope with this with challenging behaviour, the mothers are exhausted, they often have attacks of their own (the mothers’) illness. - All in addition to bombing, Russian saboteurs’ groups, shortage of foodstuff, queues to the cash machines, pharmacies, lack of access to medical services etc. We badly need your help. Other issues mentioned during the call: - “Russian-owner banks are blocked by sanctions. Local associations that have accounts there don’t have access to their bank accounts.” - “Families with their children with disabilities live in the bathrooms or basements to protect themselves from bombs.” - “Not possible to leave Kyiv. Roads are destroyed or blocked.” - “Yesterday, a car marked with disability sign was shot at, and people killed.” - “In one city, people were invited by loudspeaker to come for bread by the Russians. When they did, they were captured for human shields.” - See the presentation VGO Coalition shared (.pptx). Listen to the appeal from VGO Coalition: What Inclusion Europe is doing: - Continue advocacy focused on our priority: Protect those who remain in Ukraine (details below from 26.2.) - Distributing help via local contacts - Fundraising with Inclusion Europe: Direct support to people with intellectual disabilities and families in Ukraine - Details will be published this Friday. (update: You can contribute your donation here.) Update on offers of support, 26.2. Our friends in Kyiv talk to CNN: People with disabilities and mobility issues find themselves trapped in Kyiv Soufiane El Amrani talks about the situation and what is urgently needed: EDF letter to authorities to protect people with disabilities: - There are 2.7 million persons with disabilities registered in Ukraine. - Persons with disabilities living in institutions, already cut off from their communities, risk being abandoned and forgotten. - At least 82,000 children are segregated from society, with countless more adults with disabilities permanently institutionalised. Urgent need for humanitarian support (24.2.) Following the full-scale Russian invasion, this is what our colleagues in Ukraine tell us as priorities at the moment: Providing basic supplies, and especially medicine (thousands of people rely on medication every day, eg for epilepsy). - Already today supplies were complicated, internet connection breaks down. - If the fighting continues (as is likely), the situation will only get worse. - There are 10,000 families taking care of their members with disabilities part of the NGO coalition. Ensure safety and wellbeing of those in institutions. - There are 80,000 children, and adults with disabilities in care homes in Ukraine. - There is a big risk of these people being abandoned in the institutions, or possibly harmed during the fighting. We need humanitarian organisations to reach out to families, and to include people with intellectual disabilities in their planning and interventions. NGO Coalition calls for support (23.2.): The threat of hostilities necessitates the following assistance for Ukrainians with intellectual disabilities: - training courses on safe behaviour, the basics of health protection, the ability to recognize and avoid risks, evacuate and seek help – all in plain language and with the involvement of experienced professionals; - development and dissemination of information on safe behaviour, actions in risk situations, emergency telephones – in easy-to-read format; - creation by welfare bodies (with the help of guardianship committees) of the lists of families caring for a person with a disability dependent on external care, and development of personal assistance plans for such families at risk; - psychological assistance and training for families; - organization of volunteer assistance to families consisting exclusively of people in need of external personal assistance (all family members with disabilities, families where an elderly mother cares for an adult daughter / son with behavioural disorders, etc.) and development plans of emergency support for such cases. However, so far neither national nor local authorities have initiated a dialogue with NGOs to identify the needs of Ukrainians with intellectual disabilities at risk and have not reported on security measures. Still, the following human rights issues discussed remain relevant (selection): - the need to develop special measures to overcome discrimination against people with intellectual disabilities; - redirecting resources from institutions to community care, involving the international community in influencing the Ukrainian government to fulfil its obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Original post (22.2.) The threat of another Russian war was hanging over Ukraine for weeks. It was in that context our Ukrainian member reached out to us calling for attention and support to people with intellectual disabilities and their families in the country. We had discussions about what the situation is, and how we could help. Then, Russia decided to go ahead with the threats, and move its army to eastern Ukraine. This makes all of this even more poignant, and urgent. “The threat of Russian aggression distracts attention from the rights of persons with intellectual disabilities,” said the NGO Coalition for persons with intellectual disabilities. “Already, the world has been living in a Covid-19 pandemic for almost 2 years, which has been difficult for everyone. But it shouldn’t justify a sharp decline in the quality of life of Ukrainians with intellectual disabilities. And now the situation got even worse, putting people with intellectual disabilities under the highest risk.” The coalition organised a survey about the situation, in which 107 NGOs of persons with intellectual disabilities and their families from 24 Ukrainian regions answered: - More than a half of the local associations reduced the support they provide, or stopped their activities altogether. - Financial support to NGOs from local authorities dropped. One local organisation described their current situation in a call mid-February: Their education centre for people with intellectual disabilities closes this week. They are closing because of a lack of money. They were in operation for 25 years. The speaker made a point of appealing not only to national authorities, but to international funders too: “We need money for day-to-day activities, not for festivals or celebrations.” The Ukrainian NGO coalition calls on the responsible authorities to improve funding for supported living. - To bring it on equal footing financially with what residential “care institutions” receive. - To make changes to law for better access to support services in the community. And this was before Russia illegally moved its army into Ukraine on 21 February. We can only imagine what the situation is now, especially in the East of Ukraine: - There are military actions reported every day. - Thousands of people from that area were bussed to Russia. This leaves people with disabilities, living with families or in “care institutions”, in a vulnerable position and at grave risk of harm. The lives and rights of people with intellectual disabilities and their families must be protected. Organisations supporting people with intellectual disabilities should benefit from the financial support the European Union is providing to Ukraine. It is every country’s obligation to protect those at risk. The international community should do everything in their powers to support them in that task. Our work brings the voice of people with intellectual disabilities and their families where decisions about their future are made. This has always been incredibly important. It is even more so with the Covid pandemic drastic impact on their rights and lives. Being visible and vocal on issues directly affecting millions of people requires your support. Become Inclusion Europe supporter and help us keep doing our work.

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Every year I attend sections of a Stanford Graduate School of Business class called Formation of New Ventures. The class reviews a case on the decision to take OpenTable public in 2008-2009 at the depth of the financial crisis. When discussing the case, I typically open by asking the aspiring entrepreneurs in the class two questions: I think this disdain about the IPO is misplaced. Most of the enduring companies that “make a dent in the universe” (to borrow from Steve Jobs) are public. In fact, the five most valuable companies in the U.S. as of this writing are all public tech companies: Amazon, Apple, Alphabet (Google), Facebook, and Microsoft. All of these companies also share in common that a) they were taken public relatively early in their lives, and b) they are/were long run and controlled by their founder(s). We’ve shared elsewhere a checklist of what it takes for a company to become “IPO ready”, i.e., in a position to quickly go public if/when it wants. But as a CEO, the OpenTable IPO was a huge learning experience for me — I had never led a financing of any kind before that in my career. And, we took the company public during a time when the conventional wisdom was that the IPO “window was completely closed”. Since we recently released a podcast discussing some learnings from the process of the initial public offering itself, an entrepreneur who had recently taken his company public said he wished that he’d had the chance to hear it in advance of his own IPO process. That and other feedback motivated me to codify more of our hard-earned learnings on the topic of preparing a company to be IPO-ready. (Thanks Freddy!) So here is a list of the 16 things operators should do in advance of an IPO starting a year or two out, in rough chronological order. A great CFO is critical to any later-stage company. As I’ve argued before, it’s easy to pigeonhole the CFO as a glorified “scorekeeper” of only the company financials, but that’s a misconception — because a good CFO doesn’t just keep the “score”; he or she also puts points on the board given their vantage point on the business. And the role of the CFO assumes out-sized proportions in the context of an IPO. There are a seemingly endless number of things that need to be done to be fully IPO ready. My CFO at OpenTable (Matt Roberts, thank you!) took on responsibility for overseeing the lion’s share of these. This freed me up to spend most of my time as CEO continuing to run the company until just before we actually launched the actual IPO. The CFO is also critical because over time he or she, along with the CEO, becomes the face of the company to investors. It’s expected that the CEO and CFO present the company during the road show, but once a company is public, CFOs spend as much or more time with investors and analysts than the CEO — particularly around earnings calls. All of the above is why it’s not a good idea to hire a CFO just before you IPO — or worse, have your CFO exit your business soon after you IPO (a highly destabilizing event). You need to hire a CFO who can help you both in the near term and scale for the long term. The bar for readiness in the finance function is high for a public company. The company leadership needs to be able to forecast the business at a fine level. They also need to be able to accurately close the books in a very timely manner. The “accuracy” point is obvious — you desperately want to avoid the dreaded “restatement of earnings” that calls into question company competence. And on “timeliness”, public companies need to be able report earnings a few weeks after the close of each quarter. Typically in startups the key finance personnel that accomplish all of this report directly to the CFO: heads of financial planning, controller, treasurer, audit, tax. You usually don’t have a public-ready finance team until strong people are in place in all of these second-level roles. Public market investors hate to be confronted with negative surprises, and tend to react very negatively to them. Such surprises can take large chunks out of a company’s market cap in a flash. But a highly functioning finance team can help avoid those negative surprises. It’s worth the investment to build it out well in advance of an IPO. Early-stage companies allocate scarce product resources to the projects that will move the needle on revenue and profits. As a result, much-needed improvements in administrative systems are almost always deferred… and deferred… and deferred… sometimes until right before they IPO. This is a mistake. At some point you need to invest in these systems to ensure they’re robust, regardless of IPO. As an investor in private companies, I have observed that such system shortcomings drive many of the “negative” surprises and also tend to obstruct timeliness. But improved systems have another benefit: They can help make the company more efficient and thus more profitable. There’s an important sequencing here: To start this process you need a great CFO. Then that CFO needs to build out their team. Only then does it make sense to invest a lot more in the systems that will allow that team to be optimally efficient. Early in a company’s life, the board is dominated by its lead investors. But a board membership populated only by venture capitalists with large ownership positions often has these issues in the context of IPO readiness: First, most VCs have never worked at or run a public company, and few have meaningful experience serving on the boards of public companies — so contributing to the best-practice governance of the newly public company is a learned skill. (This isn’t a bad thing in and of itself, but not ideal if both the CEO and the board is unschooled there.) Second, public company boards have requirements — due to SEC and stock exchange guidelines — with respect to independent or outside directors that large investors often can’t fulfill. CEOs will therefore need to execute a transition where some, most, or even all of their investor board members are replaced by independents. And if you want a fully functioning board that you’ll trust when you are a public company, then begin this process early; it’s too risky to do meaningful board composition changes late in the process. After all, the key accountability of a board is holding the CEO accountable. I’d also advise CEOs not to think of independents as unwelcome outsiders — believe me, the right independents definitely help make the company better. I learned this at eBay; I saw firsthand how our outside directors Scott Cook (founder of Intuit) and Howard Schultz (founder of Starbucks) brought important new perspectives that complemented the strong contributions of the insiders already on the board, from then-CEO Meg Whitman and founder Pierre Omidyar to Bob Kagle (GP at Benchmark Capital). The selection of the right banker is critical to a successful IPO process. Bank brands are important, but to me the more important attributes are the quality of the individuals actually working on your deal and the quality of your relationship with them — you want a banker with whom you have a deep relationship built on trust. I’d also argue that a critical part of that relationship is that the bank provides full transparency into the deal dynamics — pricing, allocations, etc. — during the process. No venture-backed tech company had gone public in the couple years preceding the OpenTable IPO. As a result, every investment banker in Silicon Valley wanted in on the deal. We ended up selecting Merrill Lynch as our lead, which wasn’t the lead banking brand in Silicon Valley at the time. But we developed a lot of respect and trust in their team, particularly in their then-capital markets lead JD Moriarty; we became convinced that they (and we) would collaborate effectively on the transaction. They rewarded this trust handsomely over the course of both the OpenTable IPO and secondary transactions by taking a thoughtful and collaborative approach. (I’d be remiss to not also compliment the very important role that Harry Wagner at co-lead Allen & Company bank played in the transactions; they helped us develop relationships with a number of public market investors that over time became OPEN’s largest investors.) All investors are not the same, and this is as true of public market investors as it is of private market investors. In the consumer internet, there are a handful of investors at mutual funds who have lots of capital and demonstrated track records of buying and holding select positions; I assume this is true in other sectors as well. So the odds of having a successful run as a public company go way up if you get some or all of them to participate in a meaningful way as well as hold for the longer term. It also makes the process of running a public company easier. The odds of these investors participating also go up if you’ve built a relationship with them over time and educated them about your business. The IPO road show is a bizarre process — you visit with investors and they have 60 minutes with you in a rehearsed presentation to decide if they want to make a multi-million dollar commitment. The more they know about you and your company in advance of that meeting means they’re in a better position to pull the trigger on the investment. The SEC allows these informal conversations; they’re called “test the waters” meetings. In our case, we started periodic meetings with a targeted set of investors more than a year in advance of our filing. The most efficient way we found was participating in “bus tours” organized by leading investment bankers, where they would gather a select group of these investors in the Valley for a few days to meet with a set of companies. Spending an hour every few months with select, high-quality investors helped us efficiently start building relationships — and an understanding of our business that would have long-term value. That said, I’d caution entrepreneurs to wait until you have visibility into potential IPO timing before you start talking to both bankers and investors. Otherwise you might do it too early, and those conversations suck up a huge amount of time that early on is better spent on other things like growing the business. You want to be cautious of premature/excessive disclosure early on as well, as bankers and investors could be working with companies that are your competitors. Issues involving equity can accumulate over the years as early stage companies scale over time. Maybe it was an early verbal agreement that never got documented. Or an early contractor or advisor that never got their shares. Or a disgruntled ex-employee. Once you file to go public, the stakes of resolving these issues go way up — certainly in perception, and often in reality. Frankly, your leverage in resolving any latent or lingering ambiguous issues is much higher before the IPO drum starts beating too loudly. So dedicate time to identify and resolve potential issues early in the IPO-readiness process. (There are now a number of free tools out there for helping manage cap tables too, like this.) There’s a fine balance to strike here. On one hand, you want to and often need to communicate with the company about your IPO plans, at least at a high level. But on the other hand, it’s not a good idea to commit to specifics such as timing, pricing, post-IPO stock performance, and so on. Here’s what I said to the OpenTable team a couple of years prior to our IPO: “Our aspiration is to be a public company so that we’re in control of our long term destiny. And we think we’re building a business that will be attractive to public market investors. So we’re embarking on a concerted plan to be ready to be a public company when we think the timing is right. We’ll likely ask for the help of some of you in doing this. Everyone else, please keep your heads down and focus on continuing to deliver results. Oh, and keep these plans confidential, as leaks could have a negative impact on our potential timing.” Why avoid specifics? Because shit happens. OpenTable had scheduled its org meeting for our planned IPO for Monday, September 15, 2008. Over the previous weekend, however, the global financial system started melting down as Lehman declared bankruptcy. And then our lead bank Merrill Lynch suddenly needed to be rescued by Bank of America (which acquired it, so it’s now Bank of America Merrill Lynch). Oh, and consumers everywhere collectively freaked out and drastically slowed discretionary spending — which meant revenues at our partner restaurants fell 15% over a single weekend. In a dramatic understatement, I told the company, “This is not off to a good start.” Lesson learned: The right way to discuss the company’s IPO plans is to talk about your aspirations and plans in broad strokes, but give yourself enough wiggle room on the fine details so you can navigate the unexpected. Make sure you have a reputable accounting firm capable of supporting you in your efforts to be a public company and well beyond. This is an area where I believe brand does matter: There are a (shrinking) handful of accounting firms that investors recognize and trust, and not using one of those is a potential cause for concern. You should also be comfortable with your specific partner at your accounting firm — it has to be someone that both you and the CFO want in the trenches with you, because believe me, you’re going to be. And make sure that the national office signs off on your planned accounting treatments as early in the process as you can. Early in the company’s life, virtually all of its interactions with its accounting firm are with the local office only. But as the company moves towards being public, the risk profile of the company increases for its accounting firm. Before you file an S-1, they will insist on getting your accounting treatment signed off by the national office. And more often than you might realize, the national office actually overrules the accounting treatments that the company has been deploying until then. Resolve the definitive treatment as early as you can, so it can be incorporated into all aspects of the process including go-public audits, statements, forecasts, and just overall accounting. Resolving good corporate governance as well around the issue of founder control is increasingly a “pick your poison” proposition these days: — On one hand, we live in a world where there are a ton of activist investors seeking to exert influence an ever-expanding array of public companies. This can be highly disruptive to companies, and is huge chore for founder/CEOs to manage through — particularly when they don’t have access to supportive corporate governance tools. — On the other hand, the key tools for fighting back against activist investors (e.g., giving founders/CEOs strong governance control) risks undermining accountability at a company. But you and your board do need to proactively to pick your poison here, and then implement it. Giving a founder/CEO effectively “full” control over his or her company continues to be controversial. Whatever your position on the right degree and approach here, the fact remains (as noted earlier) that the most valuable companies in the U.S. are technology companies that had or have long-term founder control/involvement in their companies. Imagine if activists had forced Jeff Bezos out of Amazon early on while he was suffering negative headlines; investors most certainly would have missed out on most of the 491-something (split-adjusted) multiplication in value since! (Put another way, $5000 invested at the time of IPO would be roughly $2.4 million today.) I believe the day you start earning revenue is the day you should start building out your long-term revenue model, if not sooner. It will immediately make you smarter about the actual dynamics of your business, and will guide your focus as CEO to the high leverage areas. You’ll definitely need to re-visit early assumptions, and often, but this is part of the learning process. Over time and done right, you should have a highly predictable business where you’re pulling the right levers. Not only will bankers and investors question you about this as you go on the road, this framework is what you need to have in place to even consider being a public company — especially given the devastating impact of the earnings “surprise”. Comb through your profit and loss (P&L) statement looking for things that you eventually might want to change… and then change them, well in advance of the filing. Say your company has a material revenue stream that you never really embraced or that you didn’t think was very profitable; or that your pricing might not be sustainable long term; or that you weren’t investing in a material cost area that you thought was strategically important. It’s actually relatively easy as a private company to make changes that address things like this, before you start to print the quarters immediately preceding an IPO. It’s much harder to make material changes like this once you’re already public. That said, I do think the oft-cited point that public company CEOs get pressure to manage for the short term is overblown. Yes, there’s pressure. But if you get the right shareholders and create the right expectations, they’ll be open to conversations about initiatives that you think are important in the long term. Bezos provides an obvious example here: Distant spectators bemoan that Amazon never made money, though Amazon clearly has lines of business that throw off copious cash. Yet Bezos has created the expectation among his long-term investors that he will invest that cash in initiatives such as AWS, international growth, and products like Alexa to drive growth and value. I know a few investors who got Amazon IPO allocations and still own those very shares 20 years later — it’s been one of the absolute best return drivers for their funds. Public market investors these days want to see profitability or (more often) a clear path to profitability; they tend to focus more on the future than the past. Layer in key spending, especially for growth initiatives, before you go public. It’s a whole lot easier to show improved profits as a public company if you’ve accelerated the necessary investment for those future profits while you’re still a private company. We did this at OpenTable, making sure we had the people we wanted to run the business for at least a year when we filed to go public. As a result were able to moderate expense growth meaningfully in our early years as a public company. Our ongoing revenue growth on top of these relatively flat expenses demonstrated to investors the leverage the business would have in the long term. They rewarded the stock handsomely as a result. Resolve the way you plan to present the company to investors, including your KPIs (key performance indicators) and segments. This seems basic, but it’s actually very important and not done as well as it should be [see for example these and these metrics]. Basically: management should strive to give investors the metrics they need to understand and predict the business. But in the case of metrics, less is more. Investors and analysts will track any and every metric you give them, so giving them the most high-leverage ones to focus on will help them get quickly to the essence and heart of the business. Loading them up with relatively unimportant ones — or worse, giving them the wrong ones — will cause confusion and distract them from the real investment management challenges for the company. Along these lines, once you report on a metric, you create an expectation and appetite for it; it’s really hard to stop reporting on that metric over time once you start. So be very careful about dropping “orphan” metrics — regardless of how tempting it may be at the time — once you’re a public company and frankly, even before then. You should start running an internal quarterly earnings process exactly as you’d do it once the company is public. This seems obvious, but it’s shocking how few people really do it. Because it’s not just a simple matter of scaling and adapting what you’re already doing; nailing the quarterly earnings process will involve lots of practice and hitches to be ironed out before you can successfully navigate it as a public company. Every good company — regardless of whether public or not – needs to be able to accurately forecast the business. And if you elect to give “guidance” to the market (some by the way do not, more on the nuances of that in this podcast), you will also need to be able to navigate the ladder of go-forward “beat and raise” forecasts over multiple quarters within the constraints of your forecast. Finally, since you will need to effectively explain the results (financial statements and KPIs) — don’t assume they’re self-evident — do a formal run-through of your earnings call with a subset of your best-informed private investors. Ask them to be aggressive in their questioning; I can guarantee that your public market analysts and investors will be! While you’re so focused on executing the mechanics of the previous 15 steps towards becoming an IPO-ready company, it can be easy to lose focus on the business itself. But you’ll only have a long-term successful public company if you position the business well for long-term growth and profitability. The IPOs that perform poorly in the market are often companies that under-deliver on expectations early in their tenure as public companies. The potential explanations as to why you missed one of your first quarters as a public company are all ugly: 1) The business is not as robust as you claimed it was when marketing the IPO. 2) Something unexpected changed materially for the worse, and quickly. 3) Management is incompetent. I counsel founder/CEOs looking to take their companies public to work their asses off developing new initiatives/products/geographies — things that give them a high degree of confidence that they’ll also be able to exceed analyst revenue forecasts for at least 1-2 years once public. This is not to say that new ideas and initiatives can’t come up; it’s fantastic if they do. But I advise people to plan on having something in their back pockets that they can layer in as a public company to drive go-forward over-performance. I have been involved in sub-scale, low-growth public companies in the past and wouldn’t wish that on anyone; it’s a long-term sentence to oblivion. So if you don’t think you can put up attractive results for multiple years following an IPO, then you should seriously contemplate an alternative exit path (like M&A) or hold off on an IPO until you’re sure you can. This article first appeared on TechCrunch.

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https://a16z.com/16-things-ceos-should-do-before-an-ipo/

2024-04-24T09:53:30Z

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“Scope Creep is like a Vine if you don’t control it becomes unwieldy and overwhelming. Scope Creep as a concept is not unique to software development projects but it applies to all industries and areas however it seems that there is always more leeway or more reasons to allow it within software projects. Whenever it does start happening it can easily run away from you and derail the development. We should probably define Scope Creep before we get any further. Scope Creep or Feature Creep is the term used to explain or describe the process in which a projects Scope or Features change and increase over the duration of that project. What this means in simple terms at the start of the project you have 10 features and by the end of the project you now have 15 features. 5 of those features popped into the project due to Scope Creep or Feature Creep. This creep can happen through Project Managers accepting every client suggestion and either adding new requirements and features or updating existing ones. Another way this happens is internally within the team with poor communication allowing for misinterpreted features being developed, this is caused by the team either assuming something or not taking the initiative to clarify and verify with the client or project manager what actually needs to be developed. If the changes are accepted and budgets and timelines are adjusted then we have avoided the Creep and used a change management process to successfully manage the project. With the old Waterfall methodology where everything was locked away at the start of a project and you didn’t really allow for flexibility, this was a huge issue as a little creep can have a huge impact and very quickly derail a project. This model didn’t factor in changes and reviews at frequent period so it became very difficult to manage and thus the concept of a “Change Request” was invented to manage the process by introducing a formal way to halt a project, force the customer or stakeholder to incur a fee for the inconvenience of a change and make the project start again. This process was mainly to prevent changes from happening and to “protect” the team and let them keep on working. Projects then moved to the agile methodology and scope creep is effectively built into this model. Each A software development sprint is typically used within the agile methodology and is a predefined set of work for a... should be reviewed and adjusted based on how it performs, this allows for changes to occur at certain times. Agile projects can pivot and change however it’s still a process that needs to be managed otherwise it can really take a project off course as each A software development sprint is typically used within the agile methodology and is a predefined set of work for a... you spend in the wrong direction can take you very far from your original requirements and goals. The changes need to be managed and no project is exactly 100% defined at the start of a project. Software Development is very fluid and should allow for the scope to change as long as it is managed correctly and the expectations and impact are clearly explained to the team, clients and stakeholders. - Is everyone aware of what impact adding or changing a requirement or feature has to the timeframes? - Will it cascade and affect other features or requirements? - Has it introduced a new risk that wasn’t there before? - What does this do to delivery timeframes or budgets? Types of Scope Creep There are many reasons that scope creep can happen: - Lack of Clarity - Weak Project Manager/Team lead - Direct communication with the implementation team and client - Teams adding “more value” - Teams overpromising - Lack of stakeholder involvement - Differing stakeholder opinions - Late feedback and testing by clients - Poor Estimates - Not questioning requests or changes Lack of Clarity When nothing is clear and defined it becomes very difficult to make the right decisions and be able to focus on the goals that will deliver the outcomes needed. If things are left open for interpretation then anything said by the stakeholders/clients can be misinterpreted by the project manager and team, they can then waste time and resources developing and working on things that are not needed and deliver no value. How can a team or project manager focus on the correct elements and deliverables when they do not know exactly what is being asked of them? How can a team deliver or work on the correct features when they are making assumptions about what to do? Weak Project Manager/Team lead One of the last things you need when undertaking a development project is to work with “Yessers”. This is the team that will say Yes to anything and just do as they are told. These people do not add value or manage the project well at all. Any request or thought from the client is accepted and not challenged. Allowing anything into the pipeline, without questioning it, is a great way to achieve no value, miss deadlines and go over budget. The team should not be trying to make the client or stakeholders happy by agreeing to everything. Their job is to please the client through service and value by ensuring they are working on tasks that deliver on the outcomes that are defined and needed. Direct communication with the implementation team and client Having clear defined process and communication channels are a must to ensure a project is delivered on time and budget. When these processes are not followed and you allow your development team to directly liaise with the client and take suggestions on board, the only thing you can guarantee that will happen is Scope Creep. This “appeasing” of the client by developers can happen because it’s “just a small thing” but all those small things do add up and it’s a very easy way to make a project blow up and include features, changes and tweaks that add no value, cause more bugs or are there for no real reason. Teams adding “more value” How can you go wrong adding “More Value” to a project? Well, it’s easy, you either do it at your own cost or you’re charging the client and adding features that were not requested, out of scope or do not add to the platform in a meaningful way. This is another case or trying to make customers happy and not following the processes that are in place to ensure that all efforts are focused on the correct outcomes. If you leave a developer on their own for too long they will start developing what they want as they think it’s useful/cool and would really help the project. This doesn’t work out too often. When you have clear outcomes and project scope defined with processes in place the manage the project you can avoid this type of scope creep. When your team has the “Under-Promise & Over-Deliver” mindset it rarely goes right, this type of scope creep affects the client and/or team. Either the client is wasting money or the team is killing profits and reducing the hourly rate by trying to over-deliver. Trying to keep the Clients expectations low and then deliver above and beyond with the features or deliverables is a way to blow a project out and welcome Scope Creep with open arms. Instead of trying to trick the client by under-promising, ensure that you work with them to clearly define the scope, ensure that you deliver and hit the deadlines that are set out and ensuring communication through the process will do much more than trying to deceive a client by over-delivering. Lack of stakeholder involvement Stakeholders who start a project and explain what they’re after then disappear for weeks or months at a time or don’t appear until it’s delivered are a recipe for failure and a huge warning sign for the success of a project. This scenario never works out and it can’t. The stakeholders and team need to work collaboratively to manage the project, outcomes and requirements to ensure that the project is delivered as expected. This scenario only opens the doors for people to assume the outcomes, goals, what would be required or useful to implement. This is how projects can be delivered and are not what the stakeholders expected, they never made their expectations clear, they didn’t provide input and the team is at fault for just doing what they thought was best! Differing stakeholder opinions There are these old sayings we’ve heard a million times before: “Too many chiefs and not enough Indians” “Too many cooks spoil the broth” But have you heard this one “Too many stakeholders with different motivations, create bad products” I know it’s not as catchy as the other two and it doesn’t roll off the tongue as easily but it’s just as important. What it means is, that when there are too many people involved things barely work out. This is true in most areas and something that has to be managed in the right way with stakeholders during a software project. Getting too many stakeholders involved with different motivations will create confusion over the outcomes, approach and requirements of a project. They will all have different reasons for wanting what they want, the software will affect each of them differently. Trying to please all of them will no doubt introduce a Scope Flood not just Scope Creep. Late feedback and testing by clients The feedback cycle during development is just as important as the development cycle. Unless you are constantly measuring and asses what has been done and delivered how can you ensure that you’re still travelling on the right path? If stakeholders are absent or present for somethings but fail to provide timely feedback and testing how can they be sure the deliverables will meet their needs? How does the team know what they are developing is correct and meets the goals and outcomes? Things change in business all the time and unless the feedback is present the scope can change without being managed, the features can be built to address the wrong needs and the deliverables can miss the mark completely. Every project we’ve ever worked on has involved the question “So how much will this cost me?” in the early days we would throw a number out in a meeting, then provide a fix price quote for an entire project. What these two scenarios involved was poorly estimating what was involved to deliver the project correctly. Poor estimated create an environment of unknown’s where the teams end up delivering more than they thought they had based on their quote. This scope creep affects the team more than the stakeholders however it’s detrimental to both, the teams feel overworked, under-appreciated and end up killing their profits. This makes the team just want to finish the project as quickly as they can to get out of the situation and move onto the next project. Projects are complex beasts that are ever-changing, it’s impossible to provide an accurate number of what a project costs, how can you? There are so many unknowns in this space. If you’ve ever been on a project where deadlines were constantly missed, you had one of two things. Either the stakeholders were adding more features that just crept in or the team underestimated what was involved and those deadlines were flawed, to begin with. Not questioning requests or changes As a development team, it’s juggling act managing client expectations and deliver software to meet the outcomes within the budgets provided. When requests or features are asked it’s critical to question them and understand why they are being requested and what problem they are trying to solve. A lot of times the feature being requested is to solve a symptom but not the root cause of the problem. Taking every request a face value and not questioning or trying to understand what they are actually for is an awesome way to introduce more scope to a project, that sometimes, adds little value. How to manage scope creep There are many ways to deal with all the creeping scope and in all shapes and forms: - Have a clearly defined scope - Client underestimates the complexity and scope of the project - Be clear on milestones and deliverables - Get stakeholders involved - Have stakeholders review and provide feedback regularly - Have a change management process in place - Monitor the project - Manage client expectations and changes - Don’t be afraid to say NO Have a clearly defined scope “If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail!” The same meaning applies to not having a clearly defined scope. With a clearly defined scope, you are able to understand everything that needs to be done, when it is to be done and the outcomes that each item is addressing. Some time needs to be spent with the client, stakeholders and the team to be able to identify all requirements and features. This is to ensure that the root problems are being solved and that all of the requirements and features collectively will create a usable system capable of meeting those outcomes. This allows your team to focus on delivering and rarely deviating from the scope unless a change process is followed. By following the scope you can prevent the unwanted scope from creeping in and derailing the project. Client underestimates the complexity and scope of the project Software Development is not an easy task and what looks like simple changes or simple things happening within it are rarely that. Managing Client expectations and having an understanding of a project and its complexity is a great way to manage scope creep. There a lot of moving components and one thing can affect the other and frequently does, so having that understanding that a minor change while seeming simple, could inconceivably affect the underlying platform and introduce weeks of work. This is why a solid base and foundation are critical to any project. This only achievable by understanding the scope and what the client wants to achieve not just with the project but where it should be in the future. Be clear on milestones and deliverables When there are deadlines and timeframes associated with doing something it puts focus on the tasks and what needs to be delivered upon those deadlines. Having clear and reasonable milestones puts a focus on the tasks for that milestone and will help keep the team focused and prevent them from creeping onto features that shouldn’t be worked on. If there are no clear deadlines and milestones the teams just keep working on things and it’s easy to build in features without having a particular reason for them. The deadlines and milestones also help clients and stakeholders manage their expectation and organise themselves and organisations around deliverables and what to expect when. Get stakeholders involved Whether you are creating your own product as a startup, developing a tool for an organisation or trying to automate a process and workflow, you can’t do it on your own. You cannot be the only person who has created the scope and works with the team. You need to: - Define your problem and potential solution - Identify your stakeholders (Who is going to be affected or using it) - Interview or host workshops with stakeholders and discuss the solution and problem - Evaluate and use their feedback - Update problem and solution Without the involvement of stakeholders, you will only be addressing the issue from one perspective and it could be skewed. You could be creating more work for people down the line by not addressing their issues or needs and worst of all create features and requirements that are useless and just waste time and money. Prevent the scope creep introduced by getting them involved late and reacting to feedback by getting them involved early and using their perspectives and ideas to help mould the product to best address the outcomes. Have stakeholders review and provide feedback regularly Once you get stakeholders involved at the start of the process it should not end there with them. Use them to help review and assess deliverables and milestones and provide feedback to the team. Without this, you may still go off-track and develop what is not required then struggle to reign it back it when it finally does get in their hands. Another great strategy to manage scope creep is to have a regular feedback channel with key stakeholders that will assess the deliverables of the project and adjust its scope based on their or their organisation’s needs. Have a change management process in place Software projects are fluid and flexible and should allow changes, planned changes. Planned Changes are the ones that follow a process are not Scope Creep. Scope Creep is what happens when there is no change process in place and new suggestions get taken on board and worked on with a solid process to follow. An early and crude way to avoid changes in scope in early software projects that were following old methodologies was to avoid changes altogether. In these fixed scope developments an environment was created where every change in scope raised incurred a cost (to try and avoid them from being raised) this prevent the clients from trying to make changes and worked to the detriment of a project. Using a change process allows new features or changes to be raised and then evaluated against the outcomes or changing needs of the organisation. When they align, they can then be considered and approved for development causing a change in the plan, milestones, deliverables or overall project scope. However, you have to manage this process as this cannot happen daily or weekly as that causes chaos for developers and nothing gets completed and with partial features having been developed. Monitor the project Good project management is key and constantly monitoring the project is crucial to its success. Without this monitoring, check-in etc you won’t where it’s at, what’s developed, how milestones are tracking and is it on time or on budget. Having a solid foundation to allow for monitoring and management allows you to keep track of tasks, features and requirement. YOu can then cater for new features or changes in requirements as they are raised. Closely monitoring these helps prevent the team from randomly working on features due to developer interest or for the sake of trying to please the client. Manage client expectations and changes This is always a tricky situation but managing client expectations as a team is difficult. It puts you in a position of trying to deliver a great solution and making sure your clients are happy. As a client, it’s difficult to hear no some times and expect everything. However, you need to be realistic and understand what can be achieved within a certain budget, timeframe or technology. When a client and team work in a collaborative relationship and can manage outcomes, requirements, features and scope in an open way it becomes easy to understand and explain Don’t be afraid to say NO This point specifically for teams, Don’t be afraid to say No. You cannot be a “Yesser” and successfully deliver a project. Saying No doesn’t put you at odds with a client or set a negative tone for a relationship. Not every idea is great, not every feature is required, not every requirement is a requirement. By saying No and being able to question and assess issues or questions as they arise you provide yourself with the opportunity to explore why things are necessary and are they needed to actually solve the issue at hand. Saying No the right way and having a process to handle things is a key component of managing a project and moving forward. Scope Creep can cause so many problems within a project that there is probably an entire field of study somewhere focusing on management methodologies and processes. I’m not sure if there is but it sounds like there should be. By understanding Scope Creep and being able to identify the point in your process where it can occur it is easy to manage. By having a solid change process in place you can then manage the scope and changes and prevent creep. We all want to deliver successful projects, we want clients to have successful products that are used and meet their outcomes. Sometimes saying No is the best thing we can do as long as we follow our process and investigate the why first, this allows us to change the scope when its required and not because it’s suggested.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

https://aerion.com.au/blog/development/what-is-scope-creep/

2024-04-24T08:31:02Z

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Professional technicians prioritize safety and ensure that your fridge is repaired correctly and safely. 3. Save Time and Money: While DIY repairs may seem cost-effective initially, they often lead to more extensive and expensive repairs down the line. Professional technicians can quickly identify and fix the problem, helping you save both time and money in the long run. 4. Warranty Preservation: Many refrigerators come with warranties that can be voided if you attempt to repair the appliance yourself or hire an unqualified technician. By choosing a professional repair service, you can maintain your warranty and potentially save on future repairs or replacements. How to Get in Touch with Repair KE Now that you understand the importance of professional fridge repair services, let’s talk about how you can easily get in touch with Repair KE to solve your refrigerator problems promptly. Repair KE is a trusted name in the industry, known for its expertise, reliability, and customer-centric approach. Use this Contact Information to get a reliable technician for Fridge Repair in Nairobi : Phone Number: Call Repair KE at 0746801984. Their friendly and knowledgeable customer support team is ready to assist you with any inquiries or scheduling your repair service. Address: Repair KE is conveniently located in Westlands, Nairobi. You can visit their physical location to discuss your refrigerator issues or drop off your appliance for repairs. Email: For inquiries and service requests, you can reach out to Repair KE via email at [email protected]. They typically respond promptly to emails and can provide you with essential information before booking a service. Website: Visit Repair KE’s website at www.repair.co.ke to explore more about their services, read customer reviews, and even book your refrigerator repair service online. Why Choose Repair KE when looking for satisfactory Fridge Repair and Refrigerator Repairs in Nairobi Repair KE stands out as a reputable and dependable fridge repair service provider in Nairobi. Here are some compelling reasons to choose Repair KE for your refrigerator repair needs: Professional Technicians: Repair KE employs highly skilled and certified technicians who are well-versed in repairing various refrigerator brands and models. Quick Response: They understand the urgency of refrigerator repairs and strive to provide prompt service, minimizing downtime for your appliance. Transparent Pricing: Repair KE offers competitive and transparent pricing, so you know exactly what to expect without any hidden costs. Customer Satisfaction: With a commitment to customer satisfaction, Repair KE ensures that your fridge is repaired to your utmost satisfaction. Don’t let a malfunctioning fridge disrupt your daily routine or lead to food wastage. Trust the experts at Repair KE to bring your refrigerator back to its optimal working condition. With their professional service, your fridge will be humming again in no time. Contact Repair KE today at 0746801984, visit their address in Westlands, Nairobi, send an email to [email protected], or visit their website at www.repair.co.ke to book your refrigerator repair service. Experience the convenience, quality, and reliability that Repair KE has to offer, and say goodbye to fridge troubles once and for all. Your satisfaction is their top priority, and your fridge’s well-being is in safe hands with Repair KE. Find Fridge and Cooling Systems to offer repair solutions to common Fridge Problems Refrigerators are essential appliances in our homes, keeping our food fresh and beverages cold. However, like all machines, they are susceptible to malfunctions over time. Knowing how to identify and address common fridge problems can save you money on repairs and prevent costly food spoilage. In this technical article, we will explore some of the most prevalent refrigerator issues and provide guidance on how to repair them. 1. Temperature Fluctuations: Issue: One of the most frequent problems is temperature inconsistency inside the fridge. You may notice your food freezing in some areas while others are not cooling properly. Repair: This problem is often caused by a faulty thermostat or a damaged temperature control board. To address it, you can: Check the thermostat settings and adjust them as needed. Test the temperature control board for faults using a multimeter and replace it if necessary. Ensure proper airflow by avoiding over-packing the fridge and keeping vents unblocked. 2. Leaking Water: Issue: Finding puddles of water inside or around your refrigerator can be alarming. Leaks are typically due to issues with the defrost drain, water supply line, or a damaged water filter. Repair: To fix a leaking fridge, follow these steps: Clear the defrost drain of any obstructions, such as food particles or ice buildup. Inspect the water supply line for leaks or cracks and replace if needed. Replace the water filter at regular intervals, as recommended by the manufacturer. 3. Strange Noises: Issue: Unusual noises emanating from your fridge can be distracting and concerning. Common culprits include a malfunctioning compressor, evaporator fan, or condenser fan. Repair: Here’s how to address strange noises: Clean the condenser coils to remove dust and debris that can cause rattling sounds. Check the evaporator and condenser fans for obstructions or damage, and replace if necessary. If the compressor is making loud noises, it may need professional attention. 4. Fridge Not Cooling: Issue: When your refrigerator fails to maintain a cold temperature, it can lead to food spoilage. This problem may be caused by a faulty compressor, evaporator fan, or condenser coils. Repair: To restore cooling functionality: Ensure the condenser coils are clean and free from dust and debris. Test the compressor with a multimeter to check for electrical issues. If the compressor is the problem, consult a professional technician for repair or replacement. 5. Ice Buildup in Freezer: Issue: Excessive ice buildup in the freezer can reduce storage capacity and hinder the freezer’s performance. Repair: To address this issue: Check the door gasket for damage or gaps that may allow warm air to enter, causing ice buildup. Regularly defrost the freezer to prevent ice from accumulating excessively. Verify that the defrost timer and heater are working correctly, and replace if necessary. 6. Fridge Not Running: Issue: If your fridge doesn’t turn on at all, it may be due to electrical problems, a faulty thermostat, or a malfunctioning compressor start relay. Repair: To troubleshoot this issue: Ensure the power cord is securely plugged into the outlet. Test the thermostat and compressor start relay for continuity using a multimeter and replace if defective. Consult a professional technician for electrical issues beyond basic troubleshooting. While many refrigerator problems can be addressed with DIY solutions, it’s essential to exercise caution and prioritize safety. If you’re unsure about any repair process or if the issue persists after attempting troubleshooting, it’s advisable to seek professional assistance from a qualified refrigerator technician. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning coils and changing filters, can also help prevent common fridge problems and extend the lifespan of your appliance. By being proactive in addressing these issues, you can keep your fridge running smoothly and your food fresh. A Comprehensive Guide to Types of Refrigerators for Fridge Repair in Nairobi When it comes to keeping our food fresh and our beverages cold, refrigerators are an indispensable appliance in our daily lives. In Nairobi, where temperatures can often soar, a properly functioning refrigerator is essential. However, even the most reliable refrigerators may encounter issues over time, necessitating fridge repair in Nairobi. Before delving into the common refrigerator problems and repair options, it’s important to understand the different types of refrigerators available in the market. 1. Top-Freezer Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: These classic refrigerators are one of the most common types found in Nairobi homes. As the name suggests, the freezer compartment is located at the top, while the fresh food section is at the bottom. Top-freezer refrigerators are known for their affordability and energy efficiency, making them a popular choice for many households. 2. Bottom-Freezer Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: In contrast to top-freezer models, bottom-freezer refrigerators place the freezer compartment at the bottom. This design allows for easier access to fresh food items, reducing the need to bend down frequently. It’s a convenient choice for those who use the freezer less frequently. 3. Side-by-Side Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: Side-by-side refrigerators split the appliance vertically down the middle, with the fresh food section on one side and the freezer on the other. This design provides equal access to both compartments, making it easier to organize and find items. These refrigerators often come with features like water and ice dispensers on the door. 4. French Door Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: French door refrigerators combine the benefits of a side-by-side design with a bottom freezer. The top section features two narrow doors that open in the middle, revealing a spacious and easily accessible fresh food compartment. This style is known for its upscale appearance and flexible storage options. 5. Compact Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: Compact refrigerators, also known as mini-fridges, are ideal for small apartments, dorm rooms, or as supplementary storage in larger kitchens. They come in various sizes and can be placed on countertops, under desks, or in tight spaces. 6. Counter-Depth Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: Counter-depth refrigerators are designed to align with standard kitchen countertops, providing a built-in look without the expense of a true built-in refrigerator. They offer a sleek appearance and fit seamlessly into modern kitchen designs. 7. Smart Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: With advancements in technology, smart refrigerators have become increasingly popular. These refrigerators are equipped with features like Wi-Fi connectivity, touchscreen displays, and app compatibility. They can notify you of expired food, create shopping lists, and even adjust temperature settings remotely. 8. Freezerless Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi : As the name suggests, freezerless refrigerators prioritize fresh food storage and do not have a freezer compartment. They are an excellent choice for those who require ample refrigeration space and prefer separate standalone freezers. 9. Commercial Refrigerator Repair in Nairobi: In Nairobi, businesses such as restaurants, hotels, and grocery stores often rely on commercial refrigerators. These heavy-duty appliances are designed to store large quantities of perishable items efficiently and are built to withstand heavy use. Understanding the type of refrigerator you have or plan to purchase is essential for both maintenance and repair. When faced with refrigerator issues, it’s crucial to seek professional fridge repair services in Nairobi. Whether it’s a malfunctioning compressor, thermostat problems, or issues with the cooling system, an experienced technician can diagnose and fix the problem efficiently. Refrigerators come in various types and styles, each with its own advantages and considerations. Whether you own a top-freezer, French door, or smart refrigerator in Nairobi, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential to keep your appliance running smoothly and your perishables fresh. If you find yourself in need of fridge repair in Nairobi, don’t hesitate to contact a reliable repair service to ensure your refrigerator continues to serve its vital role in your household or business. Proper care and maintenance will extend the lifespan of your refrigerator and save you money in the long run.

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Credit: Laguna Design/Science Source The molecular machines that cells use to build proteins are backed by a billion years of evolution. In that time, these machines—ribosomes—have become exceptionally good at forging amide bonds between standard α-amino acids to make peptides and proteins. The ribosome is a finely tuned machine, honed by more than a billion years of evolution. It’s very good at its job—making proteins from a defined set of α-amino acids. Researchers want to repurpose the ribosome to incorporate a larger variety of monomers, including nonstandard amino acids and ones that aren’t amino acids at all. To do that, they are engineering the ribosomal RNA that’s involved with catalyzing bond formation. Some researchers are focusing on adapting the ribosomes that cells use to build their normal proteins, and others are developing ribosomes meant to run in parallel with normal ribosomes. As engineered ribosomes become available, scientists will use them to discover and make new medicines and materials. Ribosomes are so good at their job that researchers want to harness them to make other polymers. If they could coax these protein-translation machines to use building blocks other than the amino acids found in nature, they could discover polymers—whether proteins or novel materials—with entirely new properties and functions. For years, researchers were satisfied with engineering them to add nonstandard α-amino acids to proteins. But in the past 15 or so years, researchers have begun trying to use ribosomes to add other types of monomers, such as amino acids with longer backbones. Using the ribosome to synthesize polymers other than proteins will make it easier for researchers to explore wider areas of chemical space and evolve materials with new properties, such as resistance to enzymes or new ways of folding. “My goal is to generate new molecules and learn how to exploit the ribosome to program novel bond-forming reactions. It’s a fascinating chemical problem,” says Alanna Schepartz, a chemical biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who leads C-GEM, the Center for Genetically Encoded Materials. C-GEM is a National Science Foundation–funded Center for Chemical Innovation that brings together a multi-institutional team of chemists, biochemists, structural biologists, synthetic biologists, and organic and materials chemists to repurpose the translation machinery so that it can be used for the programmed synthesis of new medicines and materials. “There is already evidence that extant ribosomes can synthesize novel molecules that are not oligomers of α-amino acids, including ones with interesting properties,” Schepartz says. Before researchers can harness the ribosome to make such new materials, they need to determine how to co-opt nature’s finely tuned machine without breaking it. That is not an easy task. Bacterial ribosomes are hulking complexes made of three RNA molecules and more than 50 proteins. Those components are divided between a small and a large subunit, which have separate roles in protein synthesis. In simple terms, the small subunit binds to and decodes the messenger RNA (mRNA), which contains the protein-making instructions. The large subunit catalyzes the formation of amide bonds in a growing peptide or protein chain. A small collection of RNA molecules forms the core of the ribosome and is responsible for catalyzing peptide bond formation. Those ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules have size-based names that are derived from their rates of sedimentation in a centrifuge. Bacterial ribosomes, the subject of most engineering efforts, are smaller than ribosomes in eukaryotes. Their large subunit incorporates two rRNAs—23S and 5S—and the small subunit has just one, 16S. In normal protein production, each amino acid has its own transfer RNA (tRNA) that brings it to the ribosome. But first, that amino acid must be attached to—or, as biologists refer to the process, “charged” onto—that tRNA, a union that requires a corresponding enzyme, called an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. When scientists first tried to expand the kinds of building blocks that could be incorporated into proteins, they focused on making new pairs of tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Peter Schultz and coworkers at Scripps Research in California reported in 2001 that they could borrow a pair from an archaebacterium and use it to incorporate a nonstandard amino acid in Escherichia coli. The key was reprogramming a few letters of the bacterium’s genetic code to recognize the archaeal tRNA. Since then, researchers have used the method to introduce hundreds of nonstandard α-amino acids to proteins. Those monomers have been low-hanging fruit because ribosomes evolved to work with them. But scientists, driven by a desire to create polymers with different properties, are now identifying how to incorporate amino acids with longer—or completely different—backbones. C-GEM researchers led by Schepartz and Scott Miller of Yale University have succeeded in getting ribosomes to even accept polyketide-like 1,3-dicarbonyl monomers (ACS Cent. Sci. 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00460). Hiroaki Suga of the University of Tokyo developed a way of charging a variety of nonstandard amino acids, including β- and cyclic amino acids, onto tRNA. Instead of using an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to charge amino acids onto the tRNA, the in vitro system, which Suga has dubbed “flexizyme,” uses an RNA catalyst that can work with many different amino acids and tRNAs to do the charging. But just because a tRNA brings an amino acid to the ribosome doesn’t mean that the ribosome will accept it, especially in vivo. The ribosome will tolerate some nonstandard monomers but not others. And the more of a nonstandard monomer that one tries to incorporate in a single peptide or protein, the harder it becomes. Getting the ribosome to efficiently accept a wider variety of substrates requires tinkering with the ribosome itself in addition to designing novel enzymes to biosynthesize the required tRNAs. In the late 1970s, Sidney Hecht wanted to determine the variety of chemistries that ribosomes are capable of—not just what they do normally but also the other reactions they might be able to catalyze. To do that, Hecht and his coworkers fed the ribosomes building blocks other than amino acids. The results were disappointing. “The ribosome is the classic one-trick pony,” says Hecht, who is a biochemist at Arizona State University. “The ribosome knows how to make a peptide bond. It does it very well. It does a few other similar things, like making lactones instead of lactams. And it didn’t do anything else. No matter what you would do experimentally to try and urge it on, it didn’t do anything well enough to be interesting.” It was becoming obvious to Hecht and others in the field that engineering other parts of the protein-synthesis apparatus wasn’t going to let them include the variety of nonstandard monomers they wanted. They were going to have to tackle the ribosome itself. But that’s easier said than done. The most obvious place to start is the part of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds. This site—found in the large subunit’s 23S rRNA and called the peptidyl transferase center (PTC)—is well conserved across species. Schepartz notes that the challenge is not just generating a PTC that will promote bond formation between new monomer classes but doing so without destroying the myriad other things a ribosome has to do during translation, such as recognizing tRNA and moving the growing amino acid chain out of the catalytic site. The RNA in the ribosome is so large—more than 3,000 nucleotides—that the best hope for finding functional ribosomes that work with other monomers is to create libraries of ribosomes with engineered active sites. For example, to find ribosomes that can incorporate β-amino acids, Hecht screens libraries of ribosomes for ones whose activities are slowed down or stopped by a specific form of the natural product puromycin. The antibiotic looks like the 3′ end of an amino acid–charged tRNA, a feature that allows it to take the place of a charged tRNA and stop the translation of any proteins containing β-amino acids (Biochemistry 2011, DOI: 10.1021/bi2016124). Active mutant ribosomes typically require multiple mutations in the rRNA. That’s because a single mutation will often kill a ribosome, whereas several mutations can compensate for one another and enable new functions. Hecht generally changes multiple locations sequentially—but, he cautions, not too many—making all possible versions of the RNA sequence at each location. “The reason that we make large numbers of changes is we don’t want to get locked into an inactive ribosome by making a single change when 6 or 11 changes might have brought it back to a different activity,” he says. “In order to generate libraries of ribosomes, one has to be pretty smart about where one introduces mutations, especially if the ribosome is to remain functional in a cell,” Schepartz says. Her team identified a ribosome called P7A7 that with 12 mutations was able to incorporate a β-amino acid during protein synthesis in E. coli (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01023). But the researchers were surprised when they tried to solve the structure of P7A7. C-GEM member Jamie H. D. Cate, a structural biologist at UC Berkeley, and coworkers found that they couldn’t get a cryo-electron microscopy image of an intact P7A7 ribosome (Biochemistry 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00746). In the structures that they could get of the large subunit, the catalytic PTC was completely disordered. Cate says the ribosome is nearly assembled—all the right parts are there. “But it just so happens that the peptidyl transferase center is the last thing to fold. You can get most of the way there and not realize you’re not all the way there,” Cate says. The quality of the electron microscope image was such that the researchers could see how some RNA bases paired and stacked with one another, “and then right next door is completely wiped out,” he says. Schepartz and Cate think that inside cells, P7A7 benefits from crowded conditions and molecular chaperones that hold the ribosome together enough to function. Without those partners, it can’t assemble properly. Like Hecht, Schepartz and coworkers have found that making one mutation often requires making another mutation for a ribosome to remain active. Schepartz’s graduate student Allison S. Walker used a method called statistical coupling analysis to identify patterns of residues extending from the PTC that coevolve and so need to be modified in tandem (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2020, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909634117). “Her data provides a map for how to intelligently introduce mutations in the ribosome so that the PTC doesn’t explode,” Schepartz says. The discovery of P7A7 was a good first step toward generating a fully functional engineered ribosome. Schepartz continues to tinker with the catalytic site and surrounding RNA to try to make it stabler. To that end, she has teamed up with Rhiju Das, a computational biologist at Stanford University and member of C-GEM. He and his coworkers developed a web-based game called Eterna to design RNA molecules and predict how they will fold. In the game, players solve puzzles related to RNA sequence and shape. Their collaborators can then synthesize the sequences the players make and see whether they match the predicted structures and, more importantly, whether they work. “The ribosome, at its core, is an RNA machine. Its enzymatic active site is basically all RNA,” Das says. “A lot of the problems in trying to redesign the ribosome to do other things come down to RNA design problems.” But redesigning this huge machine is not trivial. “Tools for redesigning RNA, much less RNA enzymes, are way behind tools for proteins, particularly in the computational sense,” Das says. Das is also collaborating with Michael C. Jewett of Northwestern University, who is not part of C-GEM, to design “superfolder” ribosomes with improved stability. “The E. coli ribosome is fragile,” Das says. “You make changes to it, and then it falls apart, loses function. We’re trying to make a superfolder ribosome that is more stable structurally and more stable to changes in temperature or magnesium or sequence,” all conditions the group is exposing the ribosome to in order to make it do other things. And C-GEM researchers are pursuing perhaps the most ambitious ribosome-related puzzle: designing a mini ribosome. “What if you could create a tiny version of a ribosome that’s just an RNA enzyme that polymerizes proteins?” Das asks. “If you had such mini constructs, it would be much easier to create selections for ribosomes that make β-proteins or polyaramids or other polyesters or other compounds. We’ve already run a pilot round of this with some really exciting results.” Any cell that uses engineered ribosomes still needs to make its normal proteins. To relieve the engineered ribosomes of the burden of making new molecules and the normal cellular apparatus, researchers are engineering ribosomes that can work in parallel with normal ribosomes. In such systems, the engineered ribosomes make new polymers, and the normal ribosomes make everything else. “If you want to engineer the ribosome to incorporate exotic monomers more efficiently that the ribosome hasn’t evolved to incorporate over the last billion-plus years, you have to deal with the fundamental constraint that the ribosome is necessary for cell viability,” says Jewett, who is working on such engineered ribosomes, also called orthogonal ribosomes. In fact, most ribosomal mutations end up killing cells. So Jason W. Chin, a synthetic biologist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and the University of Cambridge, thought it might be a good idea to have both wild-type ribosomes and engineered ribosomes in the same cell. Accomplishing that involved tailoring both the mRNA and the ribosome. Chin’s team looked for a way to ensure the engineered ribosome recognized only specific mRNAs. They ended up changing the part of the mRNA called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, which binds to the ribosome, as well as tweaking the part of the ribosome involved in that binding (Nat. Chem. Biol. 2005, DOI: 10.1038/nchembio719). “We set up directed evolution experiments that allowed us to find a ribosome that was directed to a different message,” Chin says. That allows the researchers to use engineered ribosomes for specific mRNA molecules while letting the normal ribosomes deal with the rest of the proteins. The researchers focused on engineering the 16S rRNA, the part of the small subunit that reads the genetic message and pairs up the mRNA and tRNA. For the large subunit, they just left both rRNAs as is. That work allowed them to evolve better versions of the small subunit, but they wanted to be able to evolve the small and large subunits as a pair. That task required finding a way to link the two subunits. In 2015, independent teams, one led by Jewett and Alexander Mankin of the University of Illinois at Chicago and the other led by Chin, reported that they could connect the two subunits by synthesizing the 23S and 16S rRNAs—part of the large and small subunits, respectively—as one long RNA molecule with a linker between them. Jewett and Mankin published their version in Nature (2015, DOI: 10.1038/nature14862); a month later, Chin’s version appeared in Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2015, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506311). In both systems, another large subunit component, called the 5S rRNA, remains a separate molecule. Both teams initially thought that covalently linking the two subunits would be enough to keep the engineered ribosome separate from the natural ribosomes. But Chin found that some versions of the connected subunits could cross-assemble with ones from wild-type ribosomes to form hybrids. It turns out that the length and structure of the RNA linker matter, Chin says. “We showed by a bunch of biochemical measurements that both our designs and other people’s original design didn’t solve the problem,” Chin says. “If you optimized the orientation and structure of the linker, you could get something that appeared to solve the problem.” Chin’s team used those optimized linkers to evolve ribosomes that catalyze new reactions (Nature 2018, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0773-z). Ahmed H. Badran of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard is taking a different tack to engineering orthogonal ribosomes. His lab assembles ribosomes from rRNA, ribosomal proteins, or both from different microbial species; the researchers then integrate the ribosomes into standard E. coli (Nat. Commun. 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20759-z). He developed an assay to determine whether heterologous small subunits with engineered 16S RNAs pair up with matching large subunits or E. coli subunits when in a mixture. They found that even when the heterologous subunits aren’t linked they pair up as well as covalently linked subunits do. The finding suggests that the heterologous subunits may be well suited to working in parallel with normal E. coli ribosomes. “I would not be surprised if a ribosomal RNA from one organism plus ribosomal protein from a different organism yielded improved ribosomes or engineering starting points for new bioactivities,” Badran says. Although working in cells is attractive as a final goal, there may be advantages to working outside cells and constructing ribosomes in test tubes instead. “You can bypass the evolutionary pressures that otherwise the ribosome would be under in a living organism,” Jewett says. To make cell-free systems with engineered ribosomes, Jewett removes natural ribosomes from lysed cells and then adds back ribosomal proteins and DNA that encodes the engineered rRNA. Once the rRNA is transcribed, the normal ribosome-assembly processes take over. “The benefit of a cell-free system is you don’t have to worry about transport across the cell wall,” Jewett says. “As we start to try to get to these really funky monomers, you can imagine some things not being transported efficiently through the cell wall.” Jewett and coworkers have also shown that they can still evolve ribosomes, even in in vitro systems. They make the new ribosomes using cell-free synthesis and then select ones with desired properties for subsequent rounds of directed evolution (Nat. Commun. 2020, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14705-2). “We’re seeing we can coax the ribosome into using a variety of unusual monomers, such as backbone-extended monomers, and if we start using engineered variants of ribosomes, they could use those monomers even better,” Jewett says. “It really tees up this exciting opportunity to truly expand the palette of ribosomal monomers that can be used in genetically encoded polymerization.” Jewett and coworkers have been able to get ribosomes to accept linear amino acids with as many as five extra CH2 groups between the amine and carboxylic acid. The ability to incorporate amino acids with such extended backbones “could enable new functionalities,” Jewett says. “As you move to β or γ structures, you actually change in many respects the structural properties of the amino acid.” And cyclic amino acids could offer even more opportunities. “Cyclic amino acids have a rigid structure, provide different types of helix geometries and peptide turn characteristics, and create different folds that haven’t existed in nature before,” Jewett says. “That could lead to all kinds of new handles for evolution to create enzymes, therapeutics, or polymers.” Engineered ribosomes could have many applications for synthetic polymers and therapeutics. One promising area is in discovering and synthesizing sequence-defined polymers, ones where the monomers follow a precise order, says Christopher Alabi, a polymer scientist at Cornell University and another member of C-GEM. Alabi uses such polymers for biomedical and drug delivery applications but notes that they are tough to make using conventional synthetic methods. “Based on the chemistry and the way we add the monomers in sequence, it’s really difficult to add chirality into the backbone,” Alabi says. “Making the monomers is not the issue. It’s incorporating the monomer in an asymmetric manner into the backbone every single time that is difficult.” An even bigger advantage of using ribosomes to make synthetic polymers, Alabi says, would be the ability to harness biological evolutionary processes of mutation and selection for discovering a wider variety of polymers with desired properties. “We can’t do polymer evolution by hand. It’s just impossible,” he says. Even with as few as two or four types of monomers, the sequence space is more expansive than chemists could search manually. “You can’t do it one at a time. I mean, you could, but you’d need a lot of graduate students. It would be painful for anyone involved,” Alabi says. But using engineered ribosomes with directed evolution and selection methods should make it possible to evolve polymers for specific functions. Polymer scientists might not even be looking in the right part of the vast chemical space for the properties they want, Alabi says. “Biology has come up with a smart way of answering that question by just doing the evolution. It’s not doing screening. It’s just evolving. And that’s a faster way of going through that space than trying to screen through that space,” he says. Polymer chemists can imagine all sorts of bonds they’d like to evolve ribosomes to catalyze, but they’d settle for only amide formation, Alabi says. After all, polymers such as nylon and Kevlar are polyamides. “A difference between those materials and proteins is that they have different backbones and can fold into structures with vastly different properties than proteins,” Alabi says. Samuel H. Gellman, a chemist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, studies foldamers: molecules that contain β-amino acids. “We make all of our molecules synthetically. We have to,” he says. “But I would love to be able to produce longer versions biosynthetically. I would love to be able to create libraries.” Methods such as the one Suga uses have made synthesizing the molecules easier, Gellman says, but it’s still difficult to make sufficient quantities to run experiments affordably. There’s still much to do before these and other applications will be possible at scale. A big challenge will be making the process cheap enough to compete with existing technology But Chin is optimistic. “I think you’ll see from our lab, probably in much less than 10 years, examples of polymer biosynthesis in cells,” he says.

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Dedicated Experts Committed to Guiding You and Your Loved Ones to Wellness Connect with Clarity Family Consulting for expert guidance in substance use and mental health recovery. Our dedicated team offers tailored solutions for you and your loved ones. Reach out today to start your journey towards healing and hope. Co-Founder and CEO Aaron Casoli is the Co-Founder of Clarity Family Consulting, and has worked in the addiction recovery field since 2005. Working in a variety of roles throughout his career he started out as Director of Operations for a 100 bed extended care facility. Some of his responsibilities were to develop and maintain relationships with treatment providers, clients, families, and employee management. Aaron was presented with an opportunity to be the National Outreach Representative for a residential treatment center. While filling the role of National Outreach Representative he was able to expand his relationships with treatment providers throughout the country. Aaron has attended many conferences throughout the years to stay current on addiction issues, and continue building relationships. He visits treatment centers often to experience the treatment modality provided, which is extremely important to Aaron when working with families. He has extended his professional relationships to include individual therapists, lawyers and hospitals nationally. Aaron also attends Intervention trainings to broaden his education. Aaron has always maintained the same intention over the years, which is to find the appropriate treatment and level of care for the best possible recovery outcome. In doing this, he helps many succeed in long-term recovery, and guides the family from chaos to recovery. Aaron’s personal recovery journey began with an intervention in 2004. He then committed himself to 28 days of inpatient treatment, 4 months of extended care, and one year of sober living. He is invaluable due to his personal and professional experience combined. The willingness he expresses to help anyone in need is very unique, and makes him an instrumental asset in the recovery field. Aaron and his wife Tara, live in Baton Rouge, Louisiana with their Golden Retrievers. In his free time you can usually find him at the golf range, catching up on football, fishing and spending time with friends and family. Co-Founder and COO Tara brings a diverse skill set to the Clarity Family Consulting team. Since 2004 she has worked in numerous roles with various ages and populations. She started out as a CIT at an adolescent treatment center. Her personal recovery journey afforded her the opportunity to move to St. Paul, Minnesota where she operated women's and LGBTQ+ aftercare facilities for eight years. In this role, she worked directly with clients on life skills, goal setting, relapse prevention, crisis management, family communication, shame resiliency, Substance Use, Mental Health and Co-occurring Disorders. Tara attended the University of Minnesota, and her focus was in psychology with a specialization in Addiction Counseling. She attended The Center for Coaching Certification, and became a Certified Professional Coach. Tara is also ARISE Trained in invitational interventions and case management through the ARISE Network. Tara has experienced the detrimental side of addiction first-hand, and has been in long-term recovery since 2005. After many attempts at sobriety she finally committed and went to treatment again, and lived in sober living for a year. She expresses her gratitude for the opportunity to be able to give back to families in need because she understands their situation. Tara lives with her husband, Aaron and their Golden Retrievers in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. She enjoys reading inspirational books, yoga, running, cooking, and spending time with friends and family. Clinical Case Manager, Transporter and Companion Eric Jaeger is a Registered Addiction Counselor. He began working in the addiction field in 2009 and has held a variety of roles throughout the years. Before joining Clarity, he was the program director of a nationally recognized treatment facility working closely with clients and their families supporting them throughout the treatment process. As a case manager, Eric specializes in substance use and co-occurring disorders. Dealing with debt collectors, lawyers, court systems, insurance companies, educational institutes, medical offices, or various other state offices can be a challenge to anyone; this is particularly true of clients and their families early in the recovery process. Eric prides himself in addressing these issues and helps empower his clients to learn skills to handle these challenges independently, all the while maintaining their recovery efforts. Through his personal experience, Eric knows how addiction affects the entire family, and enjoys helping clients and their families receive the gifts of recovery. Eric’s recovery began in the spring of 2008. After numerous attempts at treatment he began his long-term recovery at a halfway house in Louisiana and has remained clean and sober ever since. He enjoys golfing, hiking, the outdoors and loves to keep busy. He currently resides in Asheville, North Carolina with his wife, daughter and two dogs. Clinical Case Manager, Companion and Transporter Lane began working in substance use and mental health field in 2010. Lane’s passion for helping others who struggle with addiction is derived from his personal battle with substance abuse. Lane struggled to find meaning in his life when an injury ended his athletic career in 2004. He found purpose in his life once again after entering treatment for the last time in 2010. He believes his true purpose in life is to assist others who are broken and lost. To be able guide them and their families to a whole new way of life that is available for them, if they choose to pursue it. Lane believes that family involvement is a crucial component that is oftentimes overlooked, but plays an extremely vital role in the recovery process. He knows that the more educated and involved loved ones become the better the outcome is for the entire family system. Lane is a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. He has worked in direct care with clients and their families since he began his career at a nationally known and recognized treatment facility. Lane served as a counselor, Executive Director, and Director of alumni and family services at this facility. Lane spearheaded and oversaw the day-to-day operations at a young-adult, male treatment program in 2016. During this time, he learned a great deal about addiction, mental health, and different modalities of treatment. Recovery has given Lane a life that he thought would not be possible during the dark days he experienced while in active addiction. He resides in Salt Lake City, UT with his wife Blake and their two beautiful daughters. Lane enjoys golf, slow-pitch softball, and traveling with his family. Interventionist and Clinical Case Manager Aaron is a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Internationally Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Certified Professional Coach, and a National Certified Addictions Counselor with a specialization in intervention and case management. Aaron has worked in the behavioral health field since 2011. He began his career as a driver for a treatment center. Through the start of his career he found joy in connecting with others. He was promoted to detox coordinator specializing in mental health and substance use disorders. He chose to further his education to become a counselor and sought out opportunities to make a larger impact in the lives of others. During that time he founded a nationally recognized company that specializes in intervention and case management. He later sold this company and moved to Baton Rouge. He spent the first fifteen years of his professional career in the music industry. The culture of the music industry exacerbated his use of drugs and alcohol which progressed into full blown addiction. He eventually lost his career and almost lost his life. At this time, his family hired a world-renowned interventionist. The interventionist educated his family in a way that helped them realize how they unwittingly participated in the cycle of his addiction. Out of fear and desperation, what they thought were acts of love and support were actually enabling the progression of his addiction. Aaron’s family needed to face some hard truths and learn to set boundaries if he was going to recover. Ultimately, this was life changing for Aaron. The interventionist is now Aaron’s mentor and friend. Aaron currently resides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana with his wife and three boxers. He enjoys playing golf, traveling, attending sporting events, and spending time with family. Family Services Consultant Will joins Clarity with experience in guiding families and their loved ones in recovery from substance use and mental health disorders since 2000. His professional experience includes executing workshops on spirituality, 12 Step education, recovery, substance use disorders and couples communication. He also facilitates group sessions, and one-one-one sessions with clients and families. He attended the University of Georgia in 1984 and after 2 years returned home to South Carolina to join his sister in the travel business. Shortly thereafter he began escorting anglers on trips, seeking large saltwater fish on the fly rod. His recovery journey brought him to Minnesota and has since received a BS degree in Addiction Studies from Metro State. Will had an abrupt awakening in his life that brought him to Minnesota. He has been in recovery since 1997, and is willing to share his experience with anyone. Will has five daughters, and enjoys spending time with each of them. He enjoys fishing and playing with their Alaskan Malamutes, Sapphire and Tilly. Clinical Case Manager Claire earned her Undergraduate degree in Psychology and a master’s in education with a focus on Marriage and Family Therapy from the University of Montevallo. After completing her master’s she worked in both residential and professional programs while also engaging in a successful private practice. She brings an extensive and profound knowledge of deep individual and family work, using her talents as a well-seasoned clinician using various modalities and experiences to enhance each client’s therapeutic journey. She brings a broad range of past experiences including her work as Clinical Director, Director of Business Development, and has shared her gifts with programs throughout the country by facilitating training and supervision for other clinicians desiring to grow in their professional development. Claire excels in using experiential therapies in order to promote an optimal treatment experience. She has committed her clinical practice to create a safe environment for all clients on their healing journey. She believes that “showing”, and not just telling one’s story provides a more profound opportunity for growth and recovery. She strives to focus on finding the humanity in each soul that walks in our doors and aims to engage each with compassionate curiosity through a lens of truth without judgment. Claire is the first to share that her clinical expertise stems from her own personal therapeutic work. She remains committed to do her own deep dive into her personal work in order to not only better her own life experience but to ensure her connection to clients in a uniquely authentic way. She enjoys speaking and can be found presenting at conferences, a guest on podcasts and featured in blogs and magazines such as Good Grit. Claire lives in Birmingham, AL with her 2 kids, and enjoys playing the ekulele, spending time in her garden and is a super baker of southern pies. Case Manager, Companion and Transporter Alison Watros, with over 20 years of experience in behavioral health, began her career in youth intervention in Jackson, Mississippi, and later contributed significantly to the Dallas Council on Alcohol and Drugs. She co-founded the Texas Alliance for Drug Endangered Children and the Dallas Area Drug Prevention Partnership. Alison's passion led her to establish Windhaven House and Windhaven Counseling Center, which were acquired by a behavioral healthcare company in 2019. Following this, she played a pivotal role in opening a state-of-the-art detox facility in Frisco, Texas. Her personal journey in overcoming addiction began in October 2000, leading her to long-term treatment and sober living. Alison's dedication to assisting families and individuals in recovery reflects in her work, where she values witnessing transformation within family systems. As a Certified Case Manager and Interventionist (CCMI) and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor Intern (LCDC-I), Alison's blend of personal and professional experiences makes her a key asset to Clarity Family Consulting and the broader field of behavioral health. Outside of work, she serves on the Nexus Recovery Center for Women's Board of Directors, enjoys watching her daughter play soccer, and spends time with her two Golden Doodles and playing pickleball. LCSW, LCDC, CSAT(C), BSP, NCIP Born and raised in Dallas, Texas, John struggled with drug and alcohol addiction at an early age. He is proud to say that through the process of attending the appropriate treatment center and residing in sober living, he has maintained sobriety since 2008. John’s caring and compassionate nature lead him to seek a career in a helping profession, so he accepted a position as overnight technician at a treatment center in 2009. This launched him into an academic and career path focused on helping those and their families impacted with addiction, mental health issues and codependency. John completed his Bachelor of Arts degree from Southeastern Louisiana University followed by his Master of Science degree in Social Work at Louisiana State University. His credentials are as follows, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor, Certified in Brainspotting, Certified Sex Addiction Therapist Candidate, Trained in Psychodrama by Onsite Workshops, Level 1 and 2 training in Gottman Method Couples therapy, Couples and Addiction Recovery Training by the Gottman Institute, Treating Affairs and Trauma by the Gottman Institute and Nationally Certified Intervention Professional. John previously served as Clinical Director for ten years at a nationally known extended care and has previous experience as a Social Work Case Manager at St. Clare Psychiatric Hospital. John joined the ownership team and founded a premiere men’s residential treatment center in 2017. During his time as owner and CEO, he had the privilege of connecting with like-minded professionals and treatment facilities across the country. While working in these various roles, John gained extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals and families battling addiction, mental health and many other pervasive issues within families. John currently resides in Dallas with his wife and two dogs. He enjoys rooting for his two favorite football teams, the LSU Tigers and Dallas Cowboys. John also loves working out, lifting weights, and can often be found on a golf course. Case Manager, Transporter and Companion Anna Stumbo is a powerful woman of recovery who brings a unique knowledge and a wealth of personal experience into the field of behavioral health and addiction treatment. Anna became a professional in the industry in 2012 with an intensive detoxification and residential treatment center treating those who suffer with addiction and co-occurring disorders. Anna climbed the ranks of responsibility quickly as she was recognized by the administration to have a strong ability to lead and manage crisis. She remained there for approximately three years and during that time she assumed multiple roles, one of the most influential as a primary counselor. In this role she worked with 8-10 clients and their loved ones while they began the process of healing from the destruction of addiction and untreated mental health issues. Anna attended various trainings and continued education to provide the best care to her clients and their loved ones. Anna inspired many along the way to alter their destiny by choosing the road of recovery versus the dimly lit path of active addiction. In 2015, because of Anna's longing to ignite a fire for recovery in young adults, she joined a gender specific women’s residential treatment center as a Community Representative. Anna's passion for helping young adults shined through as she guided families and their loved ones to the appropriate help they needed. To do this it required her to successfully coordinate with other professionals, families and the potential clients to develop the most effective plan of action for each case she was a part of. While in this role Anna attended national conferences on behavioral health and was able to continue her education on how to best serve her clients. Anna’s recovery journey started in 2010 when she completed a four month long residential treatment program. Upon her completion she returned to Atlanta, Georgia to continue her path of long-term recovery. The knowledge she carries because of her personal experience makes her an extremely powerful ally as she helps guide, coordinate and follow up on those she serves. Anna and her husband Todd reside in Canton, Georgia with her two stepdaughters and three dogs. In Anna’s free time you will find her spending time on the lake with her family and friends, working out, or traveling. Family Services Consultant, Transporter and Companion Tyler has been working in the addiction recovery field since 2007. He has a combined 7 years of experience between two facilities, as a manager of sober living homes, managing between 2-5 houses at a time over the course of his tenure. He also served as the Program Director of a 100-bed extended care facility. Tyler has been active as a therapeutic transporter since 2008 and a companion since 2015. Along with his professional work Tyler volunteers with different organizations as a youth mentor, working with high school aged kids since 2006. Tyler’s personal recovery journey began in the summer of 2004 when his childhood best friend who had been in recovery for over a year found him and shared his message of hope. Tyler has remained sober and active in his own personal recovery program ever since, as well as being an involved member of the recovery communities in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, MN. That meeting with his friend served as the inspiration for Tyler’s work in the field, as he has dedicated himself to offering as much of his time as possible to people, in a one on one setting, at the very beginning of their recovery journey. Tyler lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota with his wife and two sons. He enjoys taking his sons to the park and out for ice cream, camping and hiking with his wife. Tyler is a passionate fan of the University of Minnesota and USA wrestling teams.

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Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education Mathematics, science, engineering, and technology education are central to the education process and have a profound effect on our Nation's economic competitiveness and on the quality of life of its citizens. A citizenry well educated in the sciences, mathematics, and technology is thus essential to the civic and economic health and well-being of the Nation. The Vision that draws the Federal agencies together working in partnership with State and local educators and industry to promote excellence in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology is thus one which aims at: Achieving an American performance in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology in the classroom and the workplace that is second to none. The Goals that sustain this Vision are woven together with many of those found in "Goals 2000: Educate America Act," and the recent report, "Science in the National Interest." Through the combined and collaborative efforts of the Federal agencies working under the CET, much progress can be made in making these visions come true. - By the year 2000, all students will leave grades 4, 8, and 12 having demonstrated competency over challenging subject matters, including science and mathematics. - By the year 2000, the Nation's teaching force will have access to programs for the continued improvement of their professional skills and the opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to instruct and prepare all American students for the next century. - By the year 2000, U.S. students will be first in the world in mathematics and science achievement. - By the year 2000, every adult American will be literate and will possess the knowledge and skills necessary to compete in a global economy and exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. - Produce the finest scientists and engineers for the 21st century. These Goals will be pursued through a set of more specific objectives: - Encourage science as a core requirement for grades K-16. - Promote systemic reform of K-12 standards-based science, mathematics, technology, and - Promote a competent and contemporary undergraduate science, mathematics, and engineering enterprise for a diverse student population. - Promote graduate and postdoctoral science and engineering education/training commensurate with human resource requirements. - Promote a competent, contemporary, and diverse scientific and technical work force. - Focus interagency programming on science and mathematics supported by technological education to ensure work force competency in a rapidly changing economy. - Promote Federal efforts to enhance public understanding of science and apply technology to - Promote efforts to determine the effectiveness of Federal investments in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education and training programs. Member agencies of the Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Education Subcommittee initiated and continued many programs starting with the FY 1992 budgetary process. 1. SYSTEMIC REFORM AND STANDARDS-BASED EDUCATION - 1.1 Systemic Reform in Urban and Rural Areas - During 1993-1994 the National Science Foundation gave grants to 24 States and Puerto Rico through its Statewide Systemic Initiatives, made awards to nine urban areas under its Urban Systemic Initiatives to initiate planning for systemic reform, and awarded two development grants and four planning grants in rural areas. These initiatives support comprehensive educational reform by bringing together State and local education leaders, businesses, parents, and other community leaders for the planning and implementation processes. - 1.2 Standards-Based Education - Collaborations have been formed among CET agencies, including the National Science Foundation, the Department of Education, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Health and Human Services, to provide funding to support the development of standards-based curriculum frameworks which would challenge the students. By the end of 1995, the National Academy of Sciences is to complete and distribute standards for teaching science, science curriculum development, and assessment. 2. TEACHER ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITIES AND REFORM OF TEACHER CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS The CET agencies have also concentrated on teacher enhancement activities. CET agencies provided more than 160,000 teachers in FY 1993 and FY 1994 with intensive, multiple-week professional development designed to expose them to new content as well as improve their pedagogical skills. The programs are designed to provide participants with a unique opportunity to explore new dimensions of learning and teaching mathematics and science. Further, these efforts are tied to challenging standards and will help ensure that teachers are prepared to teach their students to the standards. In FY 1992, CET Federal agencies participated in a comprehensive inventory of Federally sponsored education and training programs. Results of the inventory have been published in "A Guidebook to Excellence," which is available on-line and in hard copy. This publication is updated annually and describes individual programs and partnership opportunities grouped by agency and by region, and includes points of contact for education efforts which are Federally sponsored. The CET member agencies also sponsor a publication entitled "A Resource Guide to Selected Undergraduate Programs of 10 Federal Agencies." CET member agencies are funding the identification or development of models and tools for the assessment of the effectiveness of teaching techniques, tools, and the efficiency of student learning. Some programs are focused on the development of models for the assessment of student progress relative to the mathematics and science standards. Completion of these assessment tools is expected in 1996. Programs have been initiated to develop realistic and widely applicable measures to identify successful programs and exemplary products for use by agencies in directing their own efforts. 5. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE Several programs have been created to provide better access to and dissemination of the vast knowledge base that exists within the laboratories and facilities of member agencies. Technology has enabled agencies to make scientists readily available to assist with classroom experiments, experts to answer questions, and better access to supercomputers and satellite information. Interactive distributed education environments are being demonstrated around the world and government and private companies have been enlisted to assist in developing this new classroom environment. These experiments in information dissemination and distributed education are part of planning for facilitating the process of lifelong learning. New and Enhanced Efforts In addition to the continuation of ongoing programs, many are being enhanced, and a number of new programs are being introduced. SCIENCE AS A CORE REQUIREMENT FOR GRADES K-16 1.1 Milestone for Development of Science as a Core Requirement - Starting in FY 1996, CET will have in place a coordinated strategy for the development of science as a core requirement for grades K-16. SYSTEMIC REFORM OF K-12 STANDARDS-BASED SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2.1 Milestones for Elementary and Secondary Organizational and Systemic Reform - In FY 1995, CET agencies will make additional grant awards under Goals 2000 to assist States and local areas in planning systemic educational change. - In FY 1995, CET agencies will make available to all States information learned from the statewide - In FY 1995 and FY 1996, systemic educational reform efforts will be expanded in up to twenty-five urban and six major rural areas where large numbers of ethnic/racial and economically disadvantaged populations are located. - In FY 1996, CET will continue to conduct distance learning and distributed education. 2.2 Milestones for Elementary and Secondary Teacher Preparation and Enhancement - Starting in FY 1995, all science and mathematics funds under the National Eisenhower Program will support consortia of institutions of higher education, State education agencies, and local school districts in order to align preservice teacher preparation and licensure provisions with new world-class mathematics and science standards. In addition, funds from the State Eisenhower Program will support intensive, high-quality teacher - In FY 1995, the Subcommittee will develop a Federal plan to create research scientist-teacher partnerships and, in FY 1996, will pilot a program involving 2 to 5 States for teacher-researcher partnerships, including government, academia, and industry with appropriate incentives. - In 1995, at least 20 major K-8 system-wide teacher enhancement projects will be funded and instructional materials databases will be on-line, providing information on supported curriculum and materials for teachers, administrators, and parents, etc. In FY 1995, the Evaluation Working Group will conduct an evaluation of the quality of teacher enhancement activities in Federal laboratories. The evaluation will become part of the overall assessment of Federal laboratories' capabilities to conduct teacher enhancement activities. - By 1996, CET agencies will have 15 teacher education collaboratives in place, impacting 213,000 undergraduate students and engaging 8,000 faculty, and 7,000 master teachers. - By FY 1999, 600,000 teachers -- with special emphasis on teachers from and of underrepresented groups and those at the elementary level -- will receive intensive disciplinary and pedagogical professional development through Federal agency teacher enhancement programs. - By FY 2000, 25 consortia are projected to be in place, providing an estimated one-half of new elementary and secondary mathematics and science teachers with new, more effective, intellectually and pedagogically appropriate modes of pre-service teacher instruction, and one-third of all science and mathematics teachers will graduate from schools participating in consortia-sponsored programs. 2.3 Milestones for Elementary and Secondary Standards and Assessments - In FY 1995, a plan will be implemented on the Federal role in facilitating the adoption of the science standards through the research and education communities. - Beginning in FY 1995, CET agencies will continue to provide support and incentives for implementation at the State and local level of challenging standards in mathematics and science education, such as those developed by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the National Academy of - In FY 1995-1999, through the National Assessment of Educational Progress, the Department of Education will continue conducting national and State-by-State assessments, on a regular basis, that measure progress toward the National Education Goals. - By FY 1998, agencies will provide support to enable completion of model assessments for use by States, districts, teachers, and others to measure the performance of individual students against world-class mathematics and science standards. - By FY 1999, CET agencies will support the development of measures, definition of samples, and administration of two sets of international assessments of student performance in mathematics and science. 2.4 Milestones for Elementary and Secondary Instructional Resources - Beginning in FY 1995, CET agencies will ensure that all materials developed with Federal support conform to challenging State or National standards such as the evolving National Academy of Sciences science standards and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics standards for mathematics. - By FY 1996, the National Science Foundation will ensure the development of a comprehensive set of mathematics curriculum models for elementary through secondary levels and, by FY 1997, will have supported the development of a comprehensive set of science curriculum models which will be available for the elementary through secondary levels. - CET agencies will continue to contribute to a process for review and revision of science and mathematics standards and frameworks. COMPETENT AND CONTEMPORARY UNDERGRADUATE SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING ENTERPRISE FOR A DIVERSE STUDENT POPULATION 3.1 Milestones for Undergraduate Instructional Resources - In FY 1995, CET agencies will continue an inventory of their currently available technical education and training programs to develop goals, priorities, and strategies specifically for technical education - In FY 1995, CET agencies will begin to provide support in associate degree granting institutions for at least five centers of excellence in instructional programs in advanced technology fields. - By FY 1996, the materials and instructional approaches developed through programs supported by CET agencies to revitalize science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education at colleges and universities will benefit at least one-third of the students enrolled in lower-division studies. - By FY 1999, the materials and instructional approaches developed through programs supported by CET agencies to revitalize science, mathematics, engineering, and technology education at colleges and universities will benefit at least two-thirds of the students enrolled in lower-division studies. 3.2 Milestones for Undergraduate Faculty Preparation and Enhancement - By FY 1996, CET agencies, in partnership with industrial organizations, will provide faculty enhancement activities for at least 16,000 undergraduate faculty involved in teaching science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. - In FY 1995, CET agencies will sponsor seminars in different regions of the United States to help science, mathematics, engineering, and technology faculty and administrators in associate degree-granting institutions become involved with Federal programs and be aware of awards that have been made to 2- to 4-year institutions in collaboration with secondary schools and 4-year institutions. - By FY 2000, CET agencies and industrial partners will provide faculty enhancement for at least 50,000 science, mathematics, engineering, and technology faculty members at both 2- and 4-year 3.3 Milestones for Undergraduate Student Incentives - By FY 1997, CET agencies will have in place mechanisms to encourage research experience incentives for undergraduate students in Federal research grant awards. GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION/TRAINING COMMENSURATE WITH HUMAN 4.1 Milestones for Graduate Education and Instructional Resources - In FY 1995, CET agencies will continue, through graduate research awards to institutions, to target student support both into selected discipline areas of critical national need and into experimental approaches to predoctoral education. - Beginning in FY 1995, CET agencies will design and implement special initiatives to promote sorely needed articulation between undergraduate and graduate education programs. - Starting in FY 1995, CET agencies will encourage universities to broaden the structure and focus of their graduate degree programs to ensure the competitiveness of their Ph.D. students in the market place and the competency of the U.S. scientific work force overall. 4.2 Milestones for Graduate Faculty Preparation and Enhancement - Starting in FY 1995, CET agencies will provide teaching preparation for graduate students in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology fields. 4.3 Milestones for Graduate Student Incentives - In FY 1995, CET agencies will inventory agency-sponsored programs targeted to underrepresented groups in graduate education. - Beginning in FY 1995, Federal agencies should expand financial and other types of incentives to attract outstanding U.S.citizens and permanent residents to graduate programs in the fields of science, mathematics, engineering, or technology in which greater participation is required to meet national needs. - By FY 1997, CET agencies will improve the quality, timeliness, comprehensiveness, and availability of national data on graduate education programs that they maintain. COMPETENT, CONTEMPORARY, AND DIVERSE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL WORK FORCE 5.1 Milestones to Increase Diversity - In FY 1995, the first Presidential Awards for individuals and institutions with outstanding records in mentoring students from underrepresented groups will be initiated. - In FY 1995, the Federal member agencies will develop a plan for incorporating an evaluation criterion related to increasing participation by underrepresented groups. - Starting in FY 1996, CET will have in place and implement a coordinated strategy designed to foster increased participation of underrepresented groups. SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS SUPPORTED BY TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION TO ENSURE WORK FORCE COMPETENCY IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING ECONOMY 6.1 Milestones for Technological Education - BY 1995, CET agencies will further efforts to increase technological education capabilities by supporting three centers of excellence in instructional programs in advanced-technology fields at associate degree-granting institutions and supporting the development of high technology learning - By FY 1996, Federal laboratories will conduct specialized technical apprenticeship programs reaching a minimum of 3,000 participants, including high school and community college graduates and FEDERAL EFFORTS TO ENHANCE PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE AND APPLY TECHNOLOGY TO LIFELONG LEARNING 7.1 Milestones for Public Understanding of Science and Technology - In FY 1995, CET will develop and adopt a "vision" for all Federally funded public understanding of science programs, and in FY 1996, will consider recommendations developed for a multidimensional national assessment of public understanding of science and determine whether such an assessment is feasible as well as produce and disseminate a resource guide of Federal public understanding of science resources and activities. - In FY 1995, CET will convene conferences to address issues, such as alternative sets of standards for public understanding of science and public science literacy, identify data needs, and propose effective education strategies with a special emphasis on reaching underserved populations. - By FY 1999, CET agencies will expand their support for public understanding of science programs targeted at decision-makers to significantly increase their understanding of science and public understanding of science-related issues. - In FY 1995, CET will complete a descriptive inventory of agency public understanding of science DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FEDERAL INVESTMENTS IN SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND 8.1 Milestones for Evaluation and Dissemination - In FY 1995, the Dissemination and Evaluation Working Group will conduct an evaluation of the quality of teacher enhancement activities in Federal laboratories. The evaluation will become a part of the overall assessment of Federal laboratories' capabilities to conduct teacher enhancement - In FY 1995, CET will develop and disseminate an inventory of model articulation programs that bridge the transition between secondary schools and 2- and 4-year institutions, between 2-year and 4-year institutions, and between undergraduate and graduate schools. - In FY 1995, a program of research and study will determine the link between Federal resource allocation for mathematics and science education, including amounts dedicated to teacher preparation and enhancement, and long-term changes in student achievement in pertinent disciplines. - By FY 1998, each agency will complete its first cycle of program evaluations and will disseminate President and First Lady | Vice President and Mrs. Gore Record of Progress | The Briefing Room Gateway to Government | Contacting the White House White House for Kids | White House History White House Tours | Help | Text Only

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Last Updated on March 6, 2024 by Arif Chowdhury Have you ever wondered about the comfortable havens busy professionals find during extended work assignments? Those furnished apartments, offering a sense of home away from home, are a product of the thriving corporate housing industry. This guide is your roadmap to unlocking the potential of starting your own corporate housing business. Whether you’re drawn to the prospect of building a steady income stream or fulfilling a passion for creating welcoming spaces, we’ll walk you through the essential steps, from market research to ongoing operations. So, if you’re ready to embark on this exciting journey, let’s dive in and explore the world of corporate housing! Corporate Housing Business Cost Breakdown A. Startup Costs: - Business Formation: $1,000 – $2,000 (legal fees, permits) - Property Acquisition/Leasing: This varies greatly depending on location, size, and quantity. - Furnishing & Equipping: $2,000 – $5,000 per unit (furniture, appliances, electronics) - Marketing & Advertising: $500 – $2,000 per month (depending on strategy) - Website & Technology: $1,000 – $5,000 (initial setup) - Insurance: Varies depending on coverage and property value B. Ongoing Operational Costs: - Rent/Mortgage: Primary cost, varies based on location and property type. - Utilities: Electricity, water, gas, internet (varies per unit) - Property Management: 5-10% of rent (if outsourced) - Maintenance & Repairs: Budget 1-3% of property value annually - Cleaning & Housekeeping: Varies depending on frequency and service level - Linens & Supplies: Towels, bedding, toiletries (budget per unit) - Marketing & Ongoing Advertising: Varies depending on strategy C. Additional Considerations: - Staffing: Salaries for employees (management, cleaning, etc.) - Technology & Software: Ongoing subscription costs for management software - Taxes & Licenses: Varies depending on location and business structure Remember: This is a rough estimate, and actual costs can vary significantly depending on your specific business model, location, and property choices. It’s crucial to conduct thorough research and create a detailed business plan with realistic financial projections before starting your corporate housing business. Recommended Reading: How to Start a Cleaning Business in NJ (Practical Guide) Quick Note: Considering starting a lawn business? Let’s talk about why you should. It’s not just about cutting grass; it’s about transforming outdoor spaces and creating lush green landscapes that homeowners can be proud of. A well-maintained lawn doesn’t just enhance curb appeal; it provides a sanctuary for families to enjoy outdoor activities and make lasting memories. In our blog post, we delve into the ‘why’ behind starting a lawn business and how it can be a fulfilling journey of beautifying communities and providing valuable services that make a real difference in people’s lives. Market Research and Planning: Building Your Foundation Before diving headfirst into the world of corporate housing, it’s crucial to lay a solid foundation through thoughtful market research and planning. This step will equip you with the knowledge and insights necessary to make informed decisions and build a successful business. Understanding the Market: Charting Your Course - Local Demographics: Who are your potential clients? Begin by analyzing the demographics of your local area. Are there large corporations, relocation hubs, or major industries that attract professionals requiring temporary housing? Identifying these key demographics will help you tailor your offerings to the specific needs of your target market. - Competitive Landscape: Know the lay of the land. Conduct thorough research on existing corporate housing options in your area. Analyze their rental rates, property types, and the amenities they offer. This competitive analysis will help you understand the existing market landscape and identify potential gaps you can fill with your unique offerings. - Benchmarking: Learn from the best. Pay close attention to the pricing strategies and services offered by your competitors. This will not only give you an idea of what is working in the market but also help you determine how you can differentiate your business and stand out from the crowd. Defining Your Business Model: Designing Your Success Story - Ownership Model: Choose your path. Decide how you want to acquire properties for your business. You can choose to: - Own properties: This approach offers greater control over the properties and allows you to potentially maximize profits in the long run. However, it requires a significant upfront investment. - Manage properties for others: This is a suitable option if you have limited capital for property acquisition. You can partner with property owners and manage their rentals in exchange for a fee. - Hybrid approach: You can also combine both approaches, owning some properties while managing others. This allows you to balance initial investment with potential returns. - Target Market: Who will you serve? Define your ideal corporate housing client. This could be based on factors like: - Length of stay: Do you want to cater to short-term stays (e.g., weeks) or longer-term stays (e.g., months)? - Company size: Will you focus on housing employees from large corporations, small businesses, or startups? - Budget: Consider the budget range of your target clients when determining your pricing strategy. - Pricing Strategy and Services Offered: What makes your offering unique? Determine how you will price your services and what amenities you will include in your packages. This could include: - Furnished apartments: Consider the level of furnishing you’ll provide, from basic essentials to fully equipped living spaces. - Utilities: Decide whether you will include utilities (like electricity, water, and internet) in the rental price. - Housekeeping: Offer various housekeeping options, such as weekly or bi-weekly cleaning, to cater to different client preferences. Recommended Reading: How to Start a Botox Business as a Nurse (Complete Guide) Quick Note: Starting a window cleaning business? Here’s why it’s a breeze and effective. It’s easy to get started with minimal equipment and training, making it accessible for aspiring entrepreneurs. Plus, with a high demand for clean windows in both residential and commercial settings, you can quickly build a client base and start earning. In our blog post, we explore how the simplicity and efficiency of a window cleaning business make it an attractive option for those looking to enter the world of entrepreneurship and achieve success with ease. Once you have a solid understanding of your market and business model, it’s time to ensure you’re operating within the legal and regulatory framework. This is crucial not only for compliance but also for protecting your business and your clients. Obtaining Business Licenses and Permits Just like any business, your corporate housing venture will likely require specific licenses and permits to operate legally. Research the requirements in your local area. Contact your local business office or relevant government agency for specific details and application processes. Don’t hesitate to seek help from a professional consultant or lawyer specializing in business licensing regulations, especially if you’re unsure about any specific requirements. Zoning Regulations and Short-Term Rentals Before diving into property acquisition, be sure to research your local zoning regulations regarding short-term rentals. Some areas have specific restrictions on the number of short-term rentals allowed in a particular neighborhood or building type. Understanding these regulations will help you avoid potential legal issues and ensure you’re operating within the boundaries of your local zoning laws. Landlord-Tenant Laws and Rental Agreements As you’ll be entering into agreements with both property owners and tenants, it’s vital to grasp the specific landlord-tenant laws and rental agreement regulations applicable to corporate housing in your area. These regulations may differ from traditional residential rentals and might address aspects like lease terms, tenant rights, and security deposits. Consulting with a lawyer well-versed in landlord-tenant law can help you ensure your rental agreements comply with all legal requirements and protect both your business and your client’s interests. Securing Insurance Coverage Protecting your business and the properties you manage is crucial. Secure appropriate insurance coverage to safeguard yourself from potential risks. This might include: - General liability insurance: For accidents or injuries occurring on the property. - Property insurance: To protect against property damage from fire, theft, or natural disasters. - Business interruption insurance: To cover lost income if your business is temporarily unable to operate due to unforeseen circumstances. Recommended Reading: How to Start a Bamboo Clothing Business (Practical Guide) Securing Properties and Furnishings: Building Your Canvas Now that you’ve established your business foundation, it’s time to bring your vision to life by securing the properties and furnishings that will represent your brand. This stage involves creating a welcoming and functional environment for your corporate tenants. Property Acquisition: Finding Your Perfect Fit - Location, Location, Location: Recall your target market research. Choose properties in locations convenient and desirable for your ideal clients. Consider factors like proximity to their workplace, access to public transportation, and the availability of amenities like grocery stores and restaurants. - Features and Functionality: Choose properties that boast features aligned with your target market’s needs. This could include the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, the type of property (e.g., apartment, condo, house), and on-site amenities like parking, a gym, or a pool. - Owning vs. Leasing: Decide on your property acquisition strategy. You can: - Purchase properties: This allows for greater control over renovations and long-term financial gains. However, it requires significant upfront investment and carries the responsibilities of property ownership. - Lease properties: This option requires less initial capital but comes with the limitations of a lease agreement, including potential restrictions on modifications and dependence on the property owner’s decisions. Furnishing Properties: Creating a Home Away from Home - Developing a Furnishing Plan: Strategize your furnishing approach. Consider a blend of functionality, comfort, and budget. Opt for durable and comfortable furniture pieces that suit your target market’s needs. - Essential Furnishings: Equip each property with the essentials, including living room furniture (sofas, chairs, coffee table), beds with comfortable mattresses, dining tables and chairs, and basic kitchen appliances (refrigerator, stove, microwave). - Additional Touches: Go beyond the basic necessities and consider offering additional amenities that elevate the living experience. This could include high-speed internet, cable TV, housekeeping supplies, and even small appliances like coffee makers or blenders. Recommended Reading: How to Start a Background Check Business (Practical Guide) Quick Note: Interested in launching a teeth whitening business? Here’s why it’s a fantastic opportunity. Teeth whitening is a straightforward and efficient service that yields immediate results, making it incredibly appealing to customers seeking a brighter smile. With low overhead costs and minimal equipment required, starting a teeth whitening business is both accessible and profitable. In our blog post, we delve into the simplicity and effectiveness of the teeth whitening business model, highlighting why it’s a lucrative venture worth considering for aspiring entrepreneurs. Marketing and Client Acquisition: Spreading the Word With your foundation laid and your properties furnished, it’s time to spread the word and attract potential clients. This section explores effective marketing strategies to showcase your offerings and build a strong customer base. Building an Online Presence: Reaching a Global Audience - Creating a User-Friendly Website: Your website is your digital storefront, so make it shine! Develop a user-friendly website that showcases your properties in the best light. Include high-quality photos, detailed descriptions, and clear information about your services and pricing. - Listing on Online Platforms: Expand your reach by listing your properties on relevant online platforms. This could include: - Corporate housing websites: These platforms cater specifically to corporate housing providers and connect you with businesses seeking temporary accommodation for their employees. - Short-term rental marketplaces: Platforms like Airbnb can be a valuable tool in reaching a wider audience, although you’ll need to ensure your listings comply with platform-specific minimum stay requirements. - Utilizing Social Media: Embrace the power of social media! Create engaging profiles on platforms like Instagram and Facebook. Share high-quality photos of your properties, highlight the amenities you offer, and provide glimpses into the lifestyle you create for your tenants. Utilize social media advertising to target potential clients based on specific demographics or interests. Networking and Building Relationships: Building Trust and Expanding Your Reach - Networking with Key Partners: Connect with professionals who can refer clients to your business. This might include: - Relocation specialists: These individuals help companies and employees navigate the relocation process, and often require temporary housing solutions. Building relationships with relocation specialists can be a valuable source of referrals. - Corporate HR departments: Reach out to HR departments in companies within your target market. Explain how your services can benefit their employees and offer to provide informational materials or presentations. - Local businesses: Partner with local businesses that cater to professionals, such as co-working spaces or business travel agencies. Explore co-marketing opportunities to cross-promote your services and reach a wider audience. - Industry Events and Conferences: Don’t underestimate the power of in-person connections. Attend industry events and conferences to connect with potential clients and partners. These events offer opportunities to showcase your business, build relationships, and stay current with industry trends. Remember, building trust and fostering relationships is key to success in this industry. By showcasing your professionalism and providing exceptional service, you’ll carve a niche for your business in the exciting world of corporate housing. Recommended Reading: How to Start a 3PL Business (Practical Guide) Quick Note: Thinking about starting a sublimation business? Here’s why it’s a smart choice. Sublimation offers a streamlined and efficient process for creating personalized products with vibrant and long-lasting designs. With minimal setup and versatile printing capabilities, you can easily customize a wide range of items, from apparel to home decor. In our blog post, we explore how the simplicity and efficiency of sublimation make it an attractive option for entrepreneurs seeking a profitable and creative business venture. Ongoing Operations and Maintenance: Keeping Your Business Thriving Once your business is up and running, efficient ongoing operations are essential for long-term success. This section focuses on crucial aspects of maintaining a smooth workflow and offering exceptional service to your clients. Streamlining Tenant Onboarding and Move-Out - Develop clear and efficient processes: Establish a seamless system for welcoming new tenants and ensuring a smooth move-out experience. Provide detailed information about the property, answer any questions promptly, and offer resources for settling in. Similarly, establish clear procedures for move-out inspections, security deposit returns, and communication regarding any potential damages. Prioritizing Property Maintenance and Cleaning - Maintain a well-maintained and clean environment: Regularly schedule property inspections to identify and address any maintenance issues promptly. Partner with reliable cleaning services to ensure your properties remain clean and comfortable for your tenants. Efficient Rent Collection and Communication - Implement a reliable system: Establish a clear and efficient system for collecting rent. This could involve online payment options, automatic withdrawals, or traditional methods like checks. Ensure clear communication regarding due dates, payment methods, and late fees. - Maintaining open communication: Foster open communication channels with your tenants. Be readily available to address their questions, concerns, or requests in a timely and courteous manner. Adapting to the Market - Stay informed and adjust: Continuously monitor market trends in your area. Be aware of changes in demand, competitor offerings, and pricing fluctuations. Be prepared to adapt your services, amenities, and pricing strategies based on market evolution to remain competitive and relevant. Recommended Reading: How Much Does It Cost to Start a Fingerprinting Business? As you embark on your corporate housing adventure, remember that meticulous planning, unwavering commitment, and a passion for creating comfortable havens will be your guiding lights. This guide has provided you with a roadmap, but the journey itself is yours to define and build. Embrace the continuous learning experience, foster meaningful relationships within the industry, and most importantly, strive to provide your clients with an exceptional living experience. By doing so, you’ll not only build a successful business but also contribute to creating a welcoming environment for individuals embarking on their own professional journeys. We wish you the very best in your exciting endeavor! Recommended Reading: 3 Best Carpet Cleaning Business Start-Up Package (Practical Guide) Resources for Further Information and Helpful Tools - The Corporate Housing Providers Association (CHPA): https://www.chpaonline.org/ - The Furnished Apartment Providers Association (FAPA): https://fapa.org/2023-nac/ - Forbes: “How To Start A Corporate Housing Business In 9 Steps”: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/11/17/sustainable-short-term-rentals/ - Entrepreneur: “The 5 Biggest Mistakes New Corporate Housing Owners Make”: https://lifehacker.com/7-of-the-biggest-mistakes-ive-made-renting-apartments-1847631319 - Airbnb: https://www.airbnb.com/ (While minimum stay requirements may apply, Airbnb can be a valuable platform to reach a wider audience) Software and Tools: - Property Management Software: Several software options cater specifically to managing short-term rentals, offering features like online booking, tenant communication tools, and rent collection functionalities. Research and choose a software solution that meets your specific needs and budget. - Online Marketing Tools: Consider utilizing online tools and platforms like Google My Business, social media advertising platforms, and email marketing services to enhance your online presence and reach a wider audience. Legal and Business Guidance: - Consult with a lawyer specializing in business and real estate law: They can assist you with navigating legal requirements, drafting contracts, and ensuring compliance with relevant regulations. - Connect with a business advisor or mentor: Experienced professionals can offer valuable guidance on business planning, marketing strategies, and navigating the challenges and opportunities you may encounter. Disclaimer: This blog post is intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as professional or legal advice. It is recommended to consult with qualified professionals in law, accounting, and real estate before making any business decisions. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) What are the benefits of starting a corporate housing business? There are several potential benefits to consider: - Steady income: Corporate housing offers the potential for consistent income, as businesses often require reliable temporary housing solutions for their employees. - Flexibility: You can choose to manage your own properties, partner with property owners, or a combination of both, offering flexibility in your business model. - Growing demand: The demand for corporate housing is increasing due to factors like globalization, business travel, and project work requiring temporary relocation. - Be your own boss: Starting your own business allows you to be your own boss and build something from the ground up, setting your own schedule and work style. How much money do I need to start a corporate housing business? The initial investment required can vary significantly depending on several factors, including: - Business model: Owning properties requires a much larger upfront investment compared to managing properties for others. - Location: Property prices can vary greatly depending on the location. - Furnishing level: The level of furnishing you choose (basic vs. fully equipped) will impact your initial costs. It’s crucial to conduct thorough research, develop a detailed business plan, and consider seeking professional financial advice to determine the specific amount of capital you’ll need for your unique business model. What are the legal and regulatory requirements for starting a corporate housing business? The specific requirements will vary depending on your location, but generally, you’ll need to: - Obtain necessary business licenses and permits for operating a short-term rental business. - Research local zoning regulations and restrictions on short-term rentals. - Understand landlord-tenant laws and rental agreements specific to corporate housing in your area. - Secure appropriate insurance coverage for your business and properties. Consulting with a lawyer specializing in business and real estate law is highly recommended to ensure you comply with all relevant legal and regulatory requirements. How do I find clients for my corporate housing business? There are several ways to reach potential clients: - Develop a user-friendly website and list your properties on relevant online platforms like corporate housing websites and short-term rental marketplaces. - Network with relocation specialists, corporate HR departments, and local businesses catering to professionals. - Attend industry events and conferences to connect with potential clients and partners. - Utilize social media platforms to showcase your offerings and build brand awareness. What are the key things to consider when furnishing a corporate housing property? When furnishing your properties, focus on: - Functionality: Choose furniture and appliances that are functional, comfortable, and durable. - Comfort: Create a welcoming and comfortable environment with appropriate furniture and amenities. - Budget: Set a realistic budget for furnishings and consider cost-effective options while maintaining quality. - Target market: Tailor the furnishing level and specific items to suit the needs and preferences of your target market. How can I ensure my corporate housing business stands out from the competition? Here are some strategies to differentiate yourself: - Offer unique amenities and services: Go beyond the basics and provide additional amenities like high-speed internet, cable TV, or housekeeping services. - Focus on customer service: Prioritize excellent customer service by being responsive to tenant inquiries, addressing concerns promptly, and creating a positive overall experience. - Maintain high-quality properties: Ensure your properties are clean, and well-maintained, and offer a comfortable and inviting environment for your tenants. - Develop a strong online presence: Create a user-friendly website, showcase your properties through high-quality photos, and utilize online platforms effectively to reach your target audience. By implementing these strategies and focusing on creating a unique and valuable experience for your clients, you can increase your chances of success in the competitive corporate housing market.

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Science and art come to the Oregon Trail When the photographer William Henry Jackson posed fourteen men around a table in a field, propped a deer head on a keg for display, and allowed a dog to continue lying in the shade of a wagon, he was articulating complicated relationships among people, animals, and landscape—but he didn’t think much about such stuff. He thought only of the pose. Once he had everything placed, he entered the photo himself and stood as its fifteenth human subject at the right-hand end of the group. He turned his side to the camera, raised his left hand to his hip, looked slightly downward toward the center of the composition, and instructed an assistant to make, as he would have said, the view. The assistant, the third cook or a teamster, reached around to the front of the tripodded camera, removed the lens cap for many long seconds, and then replaced it over the lens. “Red Buttes,” Jackson wrote that night at the top of his diary page. It was a well-known landmark in Wyoming Territory, near present-day Casper, where the old emigrant road left the North Platte River and struck off toward the Sweetwater. Then he added “Layover—Views of camp and of men in a.m.” Even today, it may be the great landscape photographer’s best-known photograph. And it’s full of people. The camera was new that summer of 1870. Jackson had telegraphed to New York City for it from Omaha, where he kept his studio, and it had arrived barely in time for him to join these men as their official photographer. Other field summers had taught him the importance of traveling light. By now, he had reduced the equipment that made his “views” to only about three hundred pounds. He could pack everything for a day’s work onto a mule rather than a far more cumbersome horse-drawn wagon. Because the negatives from the new camera were so large (five by eight inches) and because Jackson understood so well what focus, light, and various lenses could do, his pictures had always captured an enormous amount of visual information. But only in the weeks of August 1870 was Jackson becoming a great composer of images. In a single summer, he became a mature artist. Innocent as he was—un-ironic, Romantic, enthusiastic—pictures like the one at Red Buttes show he also was beginning to engage the complexities of power. Two cooks stand at the left-hand edge of the group, flanking a small camp stove with three black pots on it. From the stove rises a pipe with a right-angled elbow at the top, sending smoke behind the head of the right-hand cook. Next, six men stand along the rearmost plane of occupation, ending with Jackson on the right. But no two stand alike. Sanford Gifford, the painter, cocks a lanky shoulder upward and gazes toward us. Next, the geology draftsman Henry Elliott looks down toward the center of things; next to him, James Stevenson, second in command, leans forward slightly, hand outstretched toward his seated boss (of whom more shortly). Then a gap, through which we can see the grass stretch back to the base of the hills; then three more men—Schmidt, the naturalist; Carrington, the zoologist; and Bartlett, listed as “general assistant.” These men are followed by another gap through which we can make out some horses grazing; then the dashing Jackson—wearing his long hair tied back, wearing a string tie perhaps, with the near side of his hat brim flipped up; then the hind end of a mule in the background; and finally, down the right-hand edge of the photo, a slice of wagon in whose shade in the lower right-hand corner luxuriates a dog, who has just stretched snout and forelegs into the sun. In front of the standing men, five more men sit at a wooden table. They appear at ease; there are dishes, a pot, and a pitcher on the table as though they had just finished breakfast, and one or two are holding cups. Left to right they are Turnbull, secretary of the expedition, leaning forward with a forearm on his thigh; Beaman, meteorologist, who often assisted Jackson in the field; and at the back end of the table, Ferdinand V. Hayden, MD, geologist and leader of the expedition. At the near corner, elbows on the table, looking off to the left sits entomologist and agriculturalist Cyrus Thomas in a black frock coat. Behind him and to his right sits Raphael, an interpreter the explorers had hired fifty miles earlier at Fort Fetterman. And further right, in front of Jackson, sits Ford, mineralogist, who may be stirring up batter in a dishpan. In front of Ford’s shins, the deer head is propped with its nose on the top of a smaller keg and the back of its skull against a taller one. The image is so sharp that it’s evident the antlers are still in velvet. Hayden, the leader, sits hatless at the back of the table. The men’s postures are casual—most are wearing work clothes—yet the effect is formal. It’s not just a group portrait of the members of the 1870 United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. It’s a picture of power, of who’s in charge. Hayden’s face is at the exact center; diagonals drawn corner to corner would intersect close to his nose. Each of the several casual postures defers to his single presence. Sun blazing off his forehead, left shoulder just slightly back, he gazes out at us from well back in the group, dominating everything. Hayden had an uncertain and difficult childhood that he seldom talked about as an adult. He was born in Connecticut and was more or less an orphan until the age of thirteen, when he landed safely on an aunt and uncle’s farm in Rochester, Ohio. A few years later he entered Oberlin College, then a hotbed of abolitionism, but appears to have chosen the natural sciences over politics. In 1851 he entered medical school in Cleveland. There he met John Strong Newberry, a recent graduate of the same medical school and a rising geologist and paleontologist. Through Newberry, Hayden came into contact with the geologist James Hall, of Albany, New York. When Hall needed an extra assistant for a western collecting expedition he was organizing in 1853, he gave Hayden the job. Thus it was that twenty-four-year-old Hayden got his first look at western rocks from the deck of a steamboat belonging to the American Fur Company. The trip up the Missouri was slow for a brisk young man, but it allowed for day after day of gazing at the riverbanks and bluffs and a chance to talk over the meanings of the strata with Fielding Meek, whom Hall had deputized to lead the expedition. Meek was an invertebrate paleontologist of broad knowledge and curiosity, engaged then in using the fossils of ancient shellfish and other creatures to understand which rocks were older and which younger—part of the great, worldwide ordering task of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century geology. They disembarked at Fort Pierre in what is now South Dakota and headed southwest into the badlands along the White River. That bleached, gullied landscape is still one of the richest fossil localities in the world. But Indian disapproval and logistical difficulties forced Hayden and Meek to leave after just three weeks. In that brief time Hayden learned valuable lessons. He learned chiefly that he loved geology; that no science would get done unless the details of finance, travel, and supply were attended to first; and that stable finance required stroking the patron. In Hayden’s time, geology was a visual science. A geologist needed a good eye to follow a rock layer sometimes hundreds of miles, as it dipped and rose in and out of sight. He also needed to be able to imagine the curves turned or faults suffered before the layer had eroded away or disappeared underground. He had to know fossils, too, and their order in time, as the fossils provided vital clues about when, relative to other layers, a layer in question had folded, faulted, or washed away. Hayden soon finished his medical degree and with its extra cachet and his own ambition advanced quickly in the natural sciences. Within a year or two he was collecting rocks and fossils for men at the highest reaches of American science, including Spencer Baird of the new Smithsonian Institution and Joseph Leidy of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Hayden generally worked alone in the field but continued to turn to Meek for advice about his finds. Together they published sixteen scientific papers, the most important of which contained the first-ever stratigraphic column of the rocks—a chart that named the layers and showed their relative order and thicknesses—on the upper Missouri. With Meek’s help, Hayden was becoming an important scientist. After some geological work as a civilian with the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers, Hayden’s scientific career was interrupted by the Civil War. He would serve as an officer, an army surgeon who started out amputating wounded limbs. Soon he moved up to running hospitals. After the war Hayden accepted a professorship in geology and mineralogy at the University of Pennsylvania. But it paid little, and he kept collecting to supplement his income and satisfy his curiosity. In the spring of 1867, his friend Spencer Baird in Washington learned that Congress had approved a survey of the southeastern counties of the brand-new state of Nebraska. Hayden got the job, along with a similar one the following year along the new Union Pacific line to its temporary terminus at Fort Bridger in southwestern Wyoming Territory. Though these surveys were under the auspices of the General Land Office, the agency overseeing the sale of federal land, they were not square-mile-by-square-mile land surveys. They were on-the-ground inquiries into just what was out there; they were systematic, yet designed to cover lots of country, primarily to find where minerals might lie and where crops might grow best. The grid of federal land surveys had been stepping westward from Ohio since shortly after the Revolutionary War, but for generations, farmers, prospectors, and cattlemen had kept ahead of it, claiming squatters’ rights—”preemption rights” they were called as they moved from custom into law—to the choicest lands. To control the resulting legal and financial mess, Congress had finally decided to finance organized teams of explorers and surveyors as a first step toward a more controlled exploitation of the resources of the West. Hayden’s survey was one of four financed by 1870, and it is probably best known for its exploration of the Yellowstone country. Competition for funds would grow steadily through the 1870s, until consolidation was in order. In the final maneuvering, Hayden would lose out. Partly because of his own weaknesses, partly because his competitors outlived him and controlled the accounts that were written, he has come down in history as a failure. In 1879, another of the four survey chiefs, Clarence King, was named the first director of the United States Geological Survey. He was soon succeeded by the most famous of all these explorers, John Wesley Powell. Jackson, the photographer, had grown up in upstate New York and Vermont, but his family had moved often, following Jackson’s father to rural Georgia and elsewhere. As a child he had shown skill with a pencil, and his mother bought him drawing books. At fifteen he put away higher artistic aspirations and went to work in a photographer’s studio in Rutland, Vermont, coloring and retouching photographs—painstaking and repetitive work. During the Civil War, he spent a year as a soldier and filled idle hours sketching landscapes and encampments, before returning to Vermont. Then in 1866 a sweetheart jilted him, and he lit out for the western territories. Jackson and two friends picked up jobs in St. Louis with an ox train of freight wagons, which took them to Salt Lake City. There—broke, his clothes in rags, and his boots worn through—he hit bottom, wrote home for money, and lived for a month with a charitable Mormon family. He eventually bought passage on a wagon train bound for Los Angeles. By the spring of 1867, he was headed east again, this time working with a crew herding hundreds of wild horses back over the same route he had so recently traveled. In Omaha he landed a job in a photography studio, at wages as good as he had ever made back East. Working steadily, with a room of his own to return to, Jackson finally seems to have found a little stability in his life. While learning how to make a living in the West, Jackson gave himself a visual education. Sketches like the one he made of Chimney Rock left no little human figures in its foreground, no houses, no soldiers’ huts, villages, streams, or farmsteads—no sign at all of human habitation or movement. Everything seemed blasted by a new, blank enormity. The world was too big to be beautiful; whether it was picturesque or sublime would have to remain unanswered for a while, as the budding artist grappled with rocks, distance, and sky. Jackson worked in the photography studio for most of a year before his brothers joined him in 1868. With financial help from their father, the brothers bought the studio where Jackson had been working. It proved a smart investment. Omaha was booming. The town was the eastern terminus of the growing Union Pacific, and it thronged with workers. They wanted pictures of themselves to send home. And tourists, too, wanted pictures—not of themselves but of the western landscape they had come to see. Mountain views they wanted, scenery, splendor, and if in stereopticon slides, even better. They also wanted pictures of Indians. Jackson began making regular visits to the Otoes, Omahas, and Pawnees who lived on reservations near Omaha. To a growing and lucrative selection of negatives he added views of the large Pawnee villages, of mud houses, and of individuals posed alone in slanting sunlight. In 1869, Jackson and an assistant spent the summer taking photographs along the route of the Union Pacific. It was the year the transcontinental railroad was completed. The summer’s work proved immensely profitable for Jackson. As he traveled along the Union Pacific line, he found a ready market for his images of the newly crossed West. In Cheyenne he and his assistant cleared sixty dollars in three days—not bad in light of the twenty-five dollars per month Jackson had lived on during his best-paid days as a retoucher. Late in the summer, still traveling, Jackson got word from his brother Ed in Omaha that a New York photographic publisher wanted ten thousand prints of pictures from the Union Pacific line. The railroad had split the West like a ripe fruit, and the terrain seemed to be spilling its lucre into Jackson’s pocket. Jackson first saw Hayden the same summer, while delivering a batch of prints at Madame Cleveland’s, a Cheyenne brothel. Jackson watched Hayden and some soldier friends walk in. The scientist, Jackson wrote in his diary, “acted like a cat in a strange garret,” but if the two men spoke, Jackson did not record the conversation. (This encounter is interesting in light of Hayden’s long decline through the 1880s to his death in 1887 when he was just fifty-eight. He died of locomotor ataxia, a paralysis resulting from syphilis.) Their first real meeting came a year later, when Hayden walked into Jackson’s studio in Omaha. By then, the young photographer already had a national reputation for his images of the West. But what most drew Hayden to Jackson’s work was not its rendering of the western landscape and its people, but Jackson’s unique respect for rocks. There they were, in picture after picture, massively layered, detailed, and identifiable, sometimes accompanied by—but never subordinate to—people, trees, or railroad tracks. Hayden offered to cover Jackson’s expenses for the summer if he agreed to serve as official photographer for the 1870 survey. Jackson would be expected to make prints for the survey for free, but he would be allowed to keep the negatives. His new wife, Mollie Greer Jackson, could run the business expertly while he was gone—she was much better at it than his brothers. Jackson accepted. On the first of August, he caught up with the expedition at Camp Carlin, an Army supply depot outside Cheyenne. Hayden writes in his report for the summer of 1870 that it was the rocks that drew him north from Cheyenne. But he almost certainly wanted to make historical connections as well. He wanted to hunt up the locations of the past—places with nostalgic names that congressmen would recognize. On leaving the railroad, the survey traveled north past the foothills of the Laramie Range, then linked up with the old emigrant road—the Oregon-California Trail—and turned west up the North Platte valley. They traveled with four heavy wagons and two light ambulances. The teamsters and cooks kept these near the roads, while the artists and scientists ranged and roamed alone or in small parties on horseback. Jackson kept his bulkier gear in one of the ambulances and had a lighter outfit that he could pack for a day’s work on the back of Hypo, his fat, cropped-eared mule, named for hyposulfite of soda, a darkroom chemical. The country along the emigrant road was recovering from the devastation caused by decades of traveling emigrants and, especially, their voracious livestock. The latter had devastated the countryside, devouring the plants that had sustained much of the regions’ game. But by the time of his visit, Jackson could report plenty of antelope in his diary. The morning after they had left Red Buttes, Jackson, Gifford the painter, and Beaman the meteorologist started out from their camp at a place called Willow Springs. “Distant sight of lone Buffalo,” Jackson recorded that night. “Cautious approach—commencement of hostilities—the Chase—Excitement!—Much firing but not effective.” They quit, for a time. Later they spotted a herd of nine—in a later autobiography Jackson numbers it at “thirty or forty”—but these buffalo, too, got wind of them and galloped off through the thick sagebrush. Still later, Jackson, Gifford, and probably Beaman made a long detour downwind of three more buffalo and finally, with help from others in the party, managed to kill all three. Though both Hayden and Jackson had passed this way before, neither noted any improvement in the look of the country. Still, thirteen buffalo in the twenty miles between Willow Springs and Horse Creek was a great many more than people were seeing five and ten years earlier. With the nation’s east-west artery now moved elsewhere and the Indians pushed north of the North Platte, the country was largely empty of humans other than themselves. It was almost as rich in game as it had been in the early 1840s, before serious emigration began. Fifty miles southwest of Red Buttes, the party camped two nights at Independence Rock. Hayden was stirred by the geology and understood its main parameters perfectly well—that Tertiary sediments there lap up against granite outcrops that are far older—”jut close up against their base” was how he put it. He understood correctly that Independence Rock and the granite ridges around it are made from the same material. He also saw that its dome shows erosion by exfoliation, or a peeling off of the outside layers as it continues to expand from within. In his excitement, he climbed the granite ridges just south of Independence Rock, and from there he could look and look to his heart’s content. “From the summit as far as the eye could reach in every direction granite ranges could be seen, of varying lengths, from one hundred to fifteen hundred feet above the surrounding plains . . . In some of the broad intervals are the most beautiful terraces or benches, sloping gently down from the base of the mountains to the valley. Not a sign of water could be seen in any of these mountains at the present time. A few cottonwoods and groups of quaking asps, in some of the ravines on the sides, gave evidence that water issues from them at certain seasons of the year. A few stunted pines struggled for existence among the crevices, and some rare shrubs and ferns were all the vegetable life observed.” He continued, “It seems as though the Sweetwater flowed through this valley for fifty miles or more with scarcely a tributary to add to its volume.” That observation is not true, though it appears that way from the top of those rocks. The first day at the rock, Jackson made some pictures, but it was cold and windy. The following day was clear and still. Jackson, Elliott the draftsman, and perhaps Gifford led Hypo up the rock to try again. He faced his camera downriver, east toward the North Platte and a pair of peaks beyond it. In the photo that resulted, Elliott lounges with his sketchbook in the right foreground, but the rocks are quickly sloping away, and in the right middle ground, just beyond the river, the viewer’s eye quickly finds five tents and four wagons. Two horses graze to the left of the tents, near the river, and the broad channel of the river itself flows briefly up the middle of the picture before bending off to the left. The big rocks that Hayden climbed for a better view of everything slope into the picture from the right. Despite foreground, middle ground, background, and sky, this is no conventional composition. Granite takes up a full third of the picture. The rock appears in such close detail one knows without thinking that the rock is rough to the touch and warm from the sun, with a breeze cutting around its edges. Still the viewer’s eye rests finally not on the granite but, again, on the receding river at the middle of the picture—out there in space and emptiness, flowing away, and leaving behind a stillness, from which it is very difficult to look away. That same day they left the rock, packed up, and headed toward Devil’s Gate, the dramatic, 360-foot-deep granite gunsight through which the Sweetwater makes an odd and sudden detour. They did not camp, but Jackson, Gifford, and Elliott climbed to the top with the camera and looked out again over a receding sweep of country—upstream now, to the west. The result is another stunning image. More sky this time. Again in the foreground, diagonals of granite, though now the immediate rocks make a shallow vee. In the middle distance on a flat by the river, is just a single wagon, one of the ambulances, and a tiny man is standing halfway between wagon and riverbank. Gifford and Elliott crouch on the right-hand side of the vee, looking away and outward. Again, the eye follows up the middle of the image, over the wagon, to the river as it meanders, loops, and finally disappears toward the hazy mountains and the sky. In a single image, Jackson hands us depth, space, hints of future human occupation, and an appearance of documentary verisimilitude that, in fact, is packed with emotion. Here the geological forms sweep the eye down and then, with a big whoosh, out—to infinity. With these qualities he also hands us, right at the center, the same qualities that were in the center of the photo at Red Buttes: Hayden’s power and Hayden’s ambiguity. There are not yet corrals by the river, where later the vast Sun Ranch will headquarter its empire. There is no sign of the trading cabins where the French-Shoshone families prospered for a few years in the 1850s, nor any abandoned handcarts left by the starving, freezing Mormons who stopped here for a week in 1856. There is very little brush by the river compared to now, and the space between the two nearest bends looks sandy, still perhaps badly damaged by decades of emigrant cattle. It is hard to say, however. Mostly it looks appealingly empty. But not quite. There are people here in the middle of nowhere, says the picture. Who are they? What will they do? What stories will they tell? Further Reading (and Viewing): See all of Jackson’s photographs from his years with the Hayden Survey at the U.S. Geological Survey’s online photo archive. Go to “continue,” then use the “free form” search and enter “jwh0” in the first window—all Jackson’s photos are archived with numbers starting with that code—and use the other windows for dates, places, or any other qualifying search terms. This is the place, too, to enter names of other great survey photographers of western landscapes; try Hillers, O’Sullivan, or Russell. These photos are all part of the public domain and available free for downloading and publication. Jackson’s diaries from his first trip west, in 1866, are included in The Diaries of William Henry Jackson, Frontier Photographer, edited by Leroy and Ann Hafen (Glendale, Calif., 1959). The two autobiographies Jackson wrote late in his life, The Pioneer Photographer (New York, 1929) and Time Exposure (New York, 1940), are less reliable. Jackson, who needed a mule-load of stuff to take a picture in 1870, lived to be ninety and to shoot color film on a 35-millimeter Leica camera. His diaries from the summer of 1870, quoted here, are still unpublished and are in the collection of the Colorado Historical Society in Denver. My discussion of Jackson’s life and aesthetics relies heavily on Peter B. Hales’ excellent William Henry Jackson and the Transformation of the American Landscape (Philadelphia, 1988). Hayden was a good descriptive writer, and his reports are still useful for the insights they allow into American boosterism, science, and aesthetics after the Civil War. They were published by the Government Printing Office in Washington, D.C., annually in the 1870s and may be found in good university and public libraries. His account of the 1870 expedition is in the Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming and portions of contiguous territories, 1871. The best overview of the post-war government surveys in the West may still be William Bartlett’s Great Surveys of the American West (Norman, Okla., 1962). See also William Goetzmann’s Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the West (New York, 1966). But anyone seriously interested in Hayden should balance the fading failure of a man portrayed in Donald Worster’s River Running West: The Life of John Wesley Powell (New York, 2002) with James Cassidy’s more sympathetic portrayal in Ferdinand V. Hayden: Entrepreneur of Science (Lincoln, Neb., 2000). This article originally appeared in issue 6.2 (January, 2006). Tom Rea is a freelance writer in Casper, Wyoming. This piece and an article on John C. Frémont in the July 2004 Common-place are excerpted from his new book on the country around Independence Rock and Devil’s Gate in Wyoming. The Middle of Nowhere: Who Owns the Story of the West? is due in fall 2006 from the University of Oklahoma Press.

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Selecting the right incontinence product is crucial for managing urinary incontinence effectively and maintaining a comfortable lifestyle. With a multitude of options available, it's important to understand the various aspects that contribute to finding the perfect fit for your individual needs. From absorbency levels to size and fit, and from budget considerations to gender-specific products, this article guides you through the process of choosing incontinence products that cater to your preferences and ensure your wellbeing. Urinary incontinence presents a multifaceted challenge that extends beyond personal discomfort and inconvenience. It is a condition that necessitates a thoughtful approach to product selection, recognizing that high-quality incontinence products are not merely disposable commodities but integral components of comprehensive care. The proper management of urinary incontinence is crucial for maintaining dignity and quality of life, especially for older adults wishing to remain in their own homes. The implications of urinary incontinence are profound, affecting not only the individuals who experience it but also the broader spectrum of healthcare and support services. An inferior incontinence product can lead to complications such as falls, urinary tract infections (UTIs), or pressure injuries. These adverse outcomes can undermine other efforts to ensure safety and well-being at home. Therefore, education on incontinence and the correct selection of products is essential to fortify the continuum of care. To aid in understanding the complexity of urinary incontinence, here is a list of common causes and treatments: Causes of Incontinence: In the realm of home healthcare, the significance of incontinence products transcends the mere notion of convenience. These products are integral to the continuum of care, ensuring that individuals with urinary incontinence can maintain dignity and comfort in their daily lives. It is imperative to view these aids not as disposable commodities, but as essential components in managing a condition that affects millions. Selecting the appropriate incontinence product is crucial; an ill-fitting or low-quality product can undermine other caregiving efforts. For instance, a substandard brief that leads to leaks may result in falls, urinary tract infections, or pressure injuries. Such outcomes highlight the importance of education on incontinence management and the proper selection of products. To assist in the selection process, here is a list of considerations: By addressing these factors, one can ensure that incontinence products effectively contribute to the overall care strategy, thereby enhancing the quality of life for those affected. Selecting the correct size in incontinence products is akin to finding the right dose of medication; it is essential for the product to function as intended. Proper sizing is not only crucial for effectiveness but also enhances the individual's quality of life. It is important to remember that a well-fitted product should neither be too loose nor too tight. A loose fit can lead to gaps and potential leaks, while an overly tight fit can cause discomfort and skin irritation. To ensure a snug fit, several steps should be followed: These adjustments are particularly important after physical activity or using the restroom. By adhering to these guidelines, users can maintain both comfort and protection, thereby managing incontinence with confidence and dignity. When selecting incontinence products, absorbency is a critical factor that directly impacts comfort and confidence. Products designed with multiple absorbent layers and an impermeable outer layer offer robust protection against leaks. The innermost layer is particularly important as it allows fluids to pass through to the absorbent core, drawing moisture away from the skin and ensuring dryness. Proper leak management is essential, especially for individuals requiring overnight protection. Features such as comfortable leak guards around the legs can prevent leakage for extended periods, up to 12 hours in some cases. It is vital to choose a product with the right level of absorbency while also ensuring a proper fit to prevent discomfort and skin irritation. Adjusting the product as necessary is also a key step in maintaining protection. After movement or using the restroom, it's important to check and adjust the fit of the product. This helps in sustaining both comfort and leak protection. Below is a list of considerations for selecting incontinence products with optimal absorbency and leakage protection: Selecting the right incontinence product involves more than just absorbency; the material in direct contact with the skin plays a crucial role in overall comfort and health. Hypoallergenic materials are essential for those with sensitive skin, as they minimize the risk of irritation and allergic reactions. Products with a plant-based top sheet can offer superior moisture wicking, which is 10 times more effective than organic cotton, providing a dry and comfortable experience. It is imperative to maintain a healthy skincare routine while managing incontinence to prevent rashes or other skin irritations. A product's breathability is a key factor in promoting skin health, as it allows air to circulate and reduces moisture buildup. Dermatologist-tested and approved products that are free from chlorine, synthetic fragrances, lotions, and latex are preferable for sensitive skin. To aid in the selection process, consider the following attributes of incontinence products: By prioritizing these factors, individuals can ensure a more comfortable and hygienic experience, thereby improving their quality of life while managing incontinence. In the quest to find the most suitable incontinence products, individuals are often confronted with a plethora of choices. Unbiased reviews and ratings serve as a crucial resource for those seeking to make informed decisions. These reviews delve into various aspects of incontinence products, such as absorbency levels, comfort, and overall performance, providing a comprehensive understanding that aids in the selection process. It is essential to consider the absorbency guide when evaluating products. This guide assists in matching the product's capabilities with the user's specific needs, ensuring that the chosen solution offers adequate protection. To facilitate this, a structured approach to comparison is recommended: Ultimately, the goal is to find a product that not only meets the functional requirements but also enhances the user's quality of life. By leveraging the wealth of information available through reviews and product comparisons, one can confidently select an incontinence product that aligns with their lifestyle and preferences. The market offers a variety of incontinence products designed to meet the specific anatomical needs of men and women. Incontinence pads with RapidDry core, Leakguards, and OdorLock tech offer effective leak protection. These features are crucial as they cater to the unique requirements of each gender, emphasizing absorbency, comfort, and odor control. For instance, incontinence underwear for women is tailored to fit the female form, providing discreet and secure protection. When selecting the right product, it is essential to consider the level of absorbency required. Products are categorized by their absorbency levels, ranging from light to overnight protection. Here is a brief guide to help individuals choose the appropriate product: It is recommended to take advantage of resources such as product quizzes and absorbency guides to make an informed decision. Gender-specific solutions not only offer physical comfort but also contribute to emotional well-being by providing confidence and peace of mind. Selecting the appropriate overnight incontinence product is crucial for ensuring a restful sleep without the concern of leakage. Fit is paramount; a well-fitting diaper prevents gaps that can lead to leaks and avoids the discomfort of being too tight. Comfort is equally important, as the product should not cause skin irritation or discomfort during sleep. When evaluating overnight diapers, absorption capabilities are a key consideration. The product should be capable of handling heavy episodes, providing reliable leak protection throughout the night. It is advisable to test various brands and styles to find the most suitable option for individual comfort and needs. Budget considerations should not be overlooked. While quality and performance are essential, the product chosen must also align with one's financial constraints. Here is a list of factors to consider when purchasing overnight incontinence products: It is recommended to explore different products and consult with healthcare professionals to make an informed decision that balances performance with personal requirements. For individuals leading active lifestyles, managing incontinence requires products that offer both security and mobility. High-quality incontinence pads and guards provide discreet protection and targeted absorbency, enabling users to engage in physical activities with confidence. It is essential to choose products that are not only absorbent but also ensure a snug fit to prevent shifting during movement. Selecting the right incontinence product is a balance between personal comfort and practical functionality. A fully breathable product with inner leak guards and a super absorbent core can significantly reduce the risk of discomfort and skin irritations. Moreover, the absence of a plastic acquisition distribution layer contributes to a more comfortable and discreet experience. The right size is crucial, as it impacts both the effectiveness of the product and the wearer's freedom of movement. In addition to the physical attributes of incontinence products, individuals should consider the ease of use and how well the product integrates into their daily routine. Features such as odor control and eligibility for HSA/FSA reimbursement may also influence the decision-making process. Ultimately, the goal is to find a solution that allows for an uninterrupted active lifestyle while effectively addressing urinary incontinence. When considering the financial impact of incontinence, individuals must approach the purchase of incontinence products with both cost and quality in mind. Budgeting effectively for these products is crucial as they are a recurring expense that can significantly affect one's financial health. It is important to balance the need for affordable options with the necessity for reliable protection and comfort. To aid in this financial planning, one may consider the following factors: For instance, products such as incontinence pads and guards can range from $22.85 to $61.45, with variations in price often reflecting differences in absorbency levels and additional features like odor control. By evaluating the long-term usage and associated costs, individuals can make more informed decisions that align with their budget and incontinence management needs. Moreover, investing in quality products not only reduces the expense of frequently purchasing diapers but also minimizes the time and effort spent on frequent trips to replenish supplies, thus providing added convenience and efficiency. Securing financial assistance for incontinence products can be a critical concern for many individuals. Medicaid coverage is often available, but understanding the nuances of this support is essential. Firstly, one must verify Medicaid coverage in their respective state, as eligibility and coverage options can vary significantly. Once coverage is confirmed, the next step involves submitting the necessary paperwork. This process can be intricate, and any errors in documentation may lead to delays or denials of coverage. It is advisable to be meticulous in this phase to ensure a smooth transition to receiving support. Lastly, it is important to understand your coverage limits. Medicaid may cover certain types and quantities of incontinence products, and being aware of these restrictions is crucial for effective management. Staying informed about the available options, including the transition to sustainable menstrual care items, can lead to safer and more eco-friendly choices. Identifying where to purchase incontinence supplies is a crucial step in managing incontinence with confidence and discretion. Retailers specializing in medical supplies, such as Anderson Home Health Supplies in Tampa, FL, offer a wide range of products tailored to meet individual needs. These establishments often provide expert advice and can assist in selecting the appropriate products. Consumers may also explore online platforms that list various incontinence products. It is essential to verify the credibility of online retailers and ensure they offer detailed product descriptions and clear return policies. For convenience, here is a list of common categories found in both physical and online stores: When considering the purchase of incontinence supplies, one must not overlook the importance of privacy and ease of access. Many suppliers offer discreet shipping options to maintain the confidentiality of the individual's health needs. It is advisable to compare products and prices across different vendors to find the most suitable and cost-effective solutions. The journey to managing incontinence begins with a solid foundation of knowledge. Educational materials play a crucial role in understanding the condition and the various treatments available. Resources range from detailed articles about the types of incontinence to comprehensive guides on managing symptoms in daily life. For individuals seeking to learn more, websites offer a wide range of products and support materials. These include sections on 'About Incontinence', 'Types of Incontinence', and 'Incontinence Treatments', providing valuable insights into the condition. Additionally, blogs and posts related to 'Living with Incontinence' and 'For Caregivers' offer practical advice and shared experiences that can be instrumental in finding the right incontinence product. It is essential to explore all available resources to gain a thorough understanding of incontinence. This includes reviewing statistical data, debunking myths, and learning about gender-specific product guides. The table below summarizes key educational topics and where to find relevant information: |Advice & Support Sections |Types of Incontinence |Educational Articles & Blogs |'Living with Incontinence' Guides |'Help Me Choose' Tools By arming oneself with knowledge, individuals can make informed decisions about their incontinence care and lead a more comfortable and confident life. The journey of managing incontinence is often shared between individuals and their caregivers, creating a symbiotic relationship that thrives on mutual support and understanding. Caregivers play a pivotal role in the well-being of those dealing with incontinence, and their experiences are a valuable source of knowledge and comfort. It is essential for caregivers to have access to resources that can aid in their caregiving duties while also providing self-care strategies to prevent burnout. Educational materials and support meetings are crucial for caregivers to stay informed and maintain their own health. A list of resources might include: Community forums and articles on caregiving also offer insights into the practical aspects of incontinence care, such as safety checklists, medication management, and the importance of a supportive environment. Sharing experiences through these channels can lead to improved care strategies and a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by both caregivers and those they support. When navigating the complexities of incontinence management, it is crucial to recognize when professional guidance is necessary. Health experts play a pivotal role in tailoring treatment plans that can include lifestyle adjustments, medication, and the use of incontinence products. It is essential to understand that medications should be prescribed with care, considering the individual's specific needs, potential side effects, and the correct dosage. Educational efforts are paramount in understanding urinary incontinence and exploring non-pharmacological interventions. For instance, Kegel exercises may improve continence, and a toileting schedule could mitigate symptoms without the need for medication. However, if lifestyle changes prove insufficient, seeking the advice of a healthcare professional is advised. They can assess whether medication side effects are contributing to incontinence and suggest appropriate interventions. The following list outlines when to consider professional help: It is widely acknowledged that a collaborative approach, involving education and support from a healthcare team, significantly enhances the quality of life for individuals dealing with incontinence. As the adage goes, 'it takes a village,' and in the realm of incontinence management, this is especially true. In conclusion, selecting the appropriate incontinence product is a nuanced process that requires careful consideration of individual needs, preferences, and lifestyle factors. The importance of finding the right fit, absorbency level, and material cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts comfort and quality of life. Our comprehensive review of incontinence products aims to empower individuals with the knowledge to make informed decisions. By understanding the various options available and considering personal requirements, one can confidently choose a product that offers both protection and dignity. Remember, incontinence management is a key component of overall health care, and with the right product, individuals can continue to lead active, fulfilling lives. Correct sizing is crucial for both comfort and leakage protection. It's similar to dosing medication: for optimal effectiveness, the size must be right. Measure your waist and hips and refer to the product's sizing chart to ensure a proper fit. For overnight use, consider absorbency level, fit to prevent leaks, material comfort for sleep, and any additional features like odor control. Review our guide 'How to Buy Overnight Incontinence Products: 4 Things to Consider' for more detailed advice. Yes, there are gender-specific incontinence products designed to cater to the anatomical differences between men and women, providing targeted protection and comfort. Look for hypoallergenic materials and products labeled for sensitive skin. Consider using gentle, skin-friendly diaper creams and read reviews like '5 Perfect Adult Diapers for Sensitive Skin' for recommendations. Absolutely! There are products designed for mobility, offering secure fit and discreet protection. They allow for an active lifestyle without compromising on comfort or security. Budgeting for incontinence products is important. Look for value packs, check if your insurance covers the costs, and consider reading our 'How Much Do Adult Diapers Cost On Average: Budgeting Tips' for more financial guidance. Comments will be approved before showing up.

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Beijing’s best indoor and outdoor swimming pools to save you from the summer heat tracy wang, senior editor. It is very close to the beijing airport. Next draw will close on sunday, 09jul2023 1930 gmt+7. It has thrilling, scream inducing water entertainment experiences such as the tornado, speed slide, pipeline, bullet bowl, and. Powerhouse gym oriental kenzo building, 48 dongzhimen outer street, dongcheng district, beijing, beijing province, china people´s republic of postal code 100027 interesting option to spend some time swimming in beijing. The beijing pool 4d is chinas most popular national lottery game with millions of players every week. Pinyin guójiā yóuyǒng zhōngxīn, and colloquially known as the water cube chinese 水立方 and the ice cube chinese 冰立方, is an aquatics center at the olympic green in beijing, china. Now $168 was $̶2̶2̶5̶ on tripadvisor beijing hotel nuo, beijing. Get the winning hongkong lottery numbers and lotto hongkong national lottery results terikini. Guomao hotels fragrance hill badachu park hotels asian games village hotels jiuxianqiao hotels wudaokou hotels beijing railway station jianguomen hotels wanshou road hotels tiananmen wangfujing hotels. The beijing national indoor stadium, which seats 18,000, is one of what are being called olympic green venues. Kalian hanya perlu mencari angka yang keluar pada harihari sebelumnya dan mencari angka yang memiliki. The company said last month a special board. You’ve got a great location, in a modern state of the art hotel. Everything you need to know about the presidential beijing pool at tripadvisor. File photo palestinian president mahmoud abbas attends a meeting with chinese premier li qiang at the great hall of the people in beijing on j. Home exercise has defined fitness in beijing in the wake of the coronavirus, and with the release of a notice by beijing municipal bureau of sports, it seems that things will not be changing any time soon. After three years of selfisolation by china, president biden’s top aides are flying into beijing throughout the summer to try to convince and cajole chinese officials. Likes, 0 comments skintoto @skintoto_ on instagram prediksi beijing pools selasa 07 maret 2023 prediksibeijing togelbeijing prediksitogel. Black dragon pool chinese name 黑龙潭 is the landmark of lijiang. Beijing hotels with pools pet friendly hotels in beijing beijing hotels with free parking. China world hotel, beijing traveller rating 5. A near drowning at a beijing pool over the weekend has once again highlighted the need for safety awareness, and public cpr and first aid training. Sincerely, gracie yuan director of quality the ritzcarlton, beijing 83a jian guo road, china central place chaoyang district, beijing china 100025 tel 86 10 5908 8888 read more this response is the subjective opinion of the management representative and not of tripadvisor llc. Awesome business or staycation. Las vegas convention center 3150 paradise rd, las vegas, ca. Swim some laps, splash around or float peacefully under the lights. We stayed for 6 nights in a one bedroom suite located on the 22nd floor. Toto asia pools the largest lottery consortium in southeast asia, organized in manila metro philippines. Our room had very comfortable twin beds. Everything you need to know about the conrad beijing pool at tripadvisor. There is also a small mall with starbucks, baskin robbins and subway. Third, we try the celestial court at the second floor. July 12th, 2023 0627 am gmt+8 live draw. It is the largest and the most comfortable indoor water park with the most advanced facilities in asia. Beijing private in room massage service. Slip into our 16m heated indoor infinity pool with views overlooking beijing’s busy streets. Having a pool at your vacation rental will give you a spectacular travel experience for your friends or family. Most hotels are fully refundable. About xizhimen vacation rentals with pools on rent by owner. Com live draw beijing pools today. A luxury compound in the beijing cbd, close to the famous cctv tower, features 530 apartments in 3 residential buildings. In 2008, one man died and 3,158 swimmers critically poisoned when they swallowed the pools water which was laced with the urine and fecal matter of 47,000 swimmers in the gigantic mao mao municipal pool in beijing. I have tried both the chinese and japanese restaurant onsite it is very good and highly recommended. 3 per cent in us trading overnight, their highest level since february. Itulah live draw beijing terpercaya serta tercepat. The beijing pools temperature is kept at between 26. The pool is listed in the collections of famous pools of china because of its exquisite beauty. Email email protected player hotline +86 10 6533 8888. Treasury secretary janet yellen defended american actions to protect its national security in prepared remarks for a. Keluaran togel beijing pools hari ini sabtu 25 maret 2023 – data nomor togel di update secara real time terpercaya dari berbagai sumber situs keluaran togel paling populer. 1 thursday, beijing 5709 1 2 wednesday. Purchase our games only for ¥0. Enclosed within the blue bubble walls are five swimming pools, including a wave machine and rides and a restaurant, along with seating and facilities for 17 000 spectators. Also the swimming is the most amazing swimming pool ive ever been to, and the best jacuzzi ever. Facilities include a swimming pool and the venue features 24hour front desk assistance, concierge service and babysitting on site. Come on and help this pool to be the very first in beijing. Dalam permainan beijing pools, kalian bisa mencoba untuk menebak angka yang akan keluar dengan memperhatikan binatang shio yang sedang beruntung pada hari itu. This inconsistency is likely due to the limitation of sample size and data representativeness. Stay at this 5star luxury hotel in beijing. Born as a hotel and matured as a hot spot for modern lifestyle, chao connects enthusiasts across to places, products, and possibilities. Home to five swimming pools, a wave machine, restaurant and seating for 17,000 spectators, it is back in the spotlight. Play and win your lucky and mystic number with toto beijing pools. Fthe olympic green for the swimming competitions of the 2008 summer olympics. Washington can’t sell beijing on climate diplomacy. The national aquatics centre simplified chinese 国家游泳中心. Public complaints, public inquiries and for reporting lottery ticket sales to persons under age 18. Once you’re done, head over to the hot tub to soothe sore muscles before sweating away the day in the sauna or steam room. The national aquatics centre, also known as the ‘water cube’, will be one of the most dramatic and exciting sporting venues for the beijing olympic games in 2008. With an exquisite spa offering signature wellness programmes, a fitness centre and a 25m indoor lap pool with sky roof, mandarin oriental wangfujing will provide the ideal. The notice makes clear that due to the city’s level one response state, underground gyms and swimming facilities must suspend. Crab island is the largest water park in beijing, complete with a fake sandy beach, a wave pool, lazy rivers and six swimming pools. Fastest hongkong pools results. Beijing lottery, beijing pools, gambling in beijing, beijing lottery. Jiuhua hot springs resort 九华山庄 traditional style massage is offered at jiuhua hot springs resort. Release the strains of travel and bring new energy to the day at regent beijing’s health club, an invigorating environment with stateoftheart technogym equipment as well as a 25meter indoor swimming pool. Take the plain red and beige, rather than the red and yellow zhi version of the bus. Great breakfast buffet with western and chinese options. Tujuan kami membuat situs ini adalah untuk memberikan kemudahan kepada anda sekalian untuk melihat tayangan live draw beijing situs resminya diblokir oleh internet sehat. Suggest edits to improve what we show. Request a professional trainer or attend a yoga session or aerobics classes to vary your regime, then relax tired muscles. The canyon ride and water slide are great fun. Beijing sports institute beijing tiyu xueyuan, beisanhuanlu north third ring road, haidian district, beijing, beijing province, china people´s republic of postal code 100084. Search 60 hotels with indoor pools in downtown beijing from rp1. The beijing national aquatics, also known as water cube, was built as the main natatorium swimming pool venue for the beijing 2008 olympic games and became known as one of the games iconic. Of all the resorts outside of beijing, ritan hotel downtown beijing may be the most luxurious and comfortable the 5star ritan hotel downtown beijing is situated 2. Traditional chinese, also officially known as the national aquatics center, 1 and colloquially known as the water cube chinese, is an aquatics center that was built alongsidebeijing national stadium in. Trumbore, max planck institute for biogeochemistry. Jen hotel beijing is a recommendable place to stay. Jen beijing by shangrila traveller rating 5. Expects to return 19 hotels to lenders in cities including las vegas and atlanta. These hotels with indoor pools in beijing have great views and are wellliked by travellers shangrila beijing traveller rating 5. Qingnianhu park water world is the perfect. Outdoor and indoor pools and facilities. Fantastic rooftop bars beijing 2023. 1 saturday, beijing 5204 1 2 friday. Available for both rf and rm licensing. Everything you need to know about the nuo hotel beijing pool at tripadvisor. Beijing watercube waterpark is in the national aquatics center of olympic sports park, covering an area of 20,000 ㎡. It is a domain having live extension. There are a bunch of different swimming pools, some with wave machines, drifting canals, beaches, and special areas for younger visitors to enjoy. The 830squaremeter heated indoor swimming pool, located on the sixth floor, is the perfect place for a refreshing summer dip or a winter workout. It is a bit more expensive then restaurants nearby, but the environment is excellent. Change of carbon pools has occurred in china’s croplands and grasslands over the past three decades 8, 9. Draws take place every day, and players are required to choose six main numbers between 0 and 9 plus an additional number, known as the beijingpools, between and 9. The staff, from housekeeping to management, was gracious, friendly, and willing to go above and beyond to offer any assistance they could. Result draw saturday toto beijing pools. Find the perfect beijing pools stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. China world hotel, beijing traveler rating 55. Ptw’s role involved concept design and design development. The wukesong arena, seating 10,000, was also used, with both arenas having been constructed for the 2008 summer. No day date result prize 1 tuesday 20230711 9 8 1. The hotel is easily accessible from the yonganli subway station exit c, about 400m away. Busses run daily 7am530pm, about every 30 minutes. Theresa ahdieh, former brand manager for beijingkids, the beijingers sister publication, was visiting the public swimming pool at qingnian hu park near andingmen, with her husband, her. Everything you need to know about the the emperor tiananmen beijing pool at tripadvisor. If you must contact this swimming pool, email address and phone number are both number. Taking it with additional care, sunbathing is healthy since introduces vitamin d into the body, so the ideal option seems to be switching between indoor and outdoor pools depending on the season. The price is $415 per night from jul 17 to jul 18. Blending contemporary aesthetics with classic chinese décor, the hotel is home to two restaurants and a bar, all of which open onto an expansive rooftop garden terrace. Black dragon pool is located 1km north of lijiang old town. And now the lottery draws every day from monday to sunday at 2130 gmt +8. Everything you need to know about the park hyatt beijing pool at tripadvisor. 6m pool is next to the window, which. It feels fast, greek swimmer apostolos tagkarakis was quoted by xinhua as saying after his first training session at the water cube. Its surroundings are all green with grass and shaded by swaying willow trees. There is an indoor pool, a well equipped fitness. China is by far the world’s biggest polluter. Beijing volunteer service federation was established in 1993 under the guidance of beijing youth league byl and is registered at the beijing bureau of civil. Beijing pools lottery has a change in time, which was previously at 2300 pm gmt +8. 1 public outdoor swimming pools. In black dragon pool park, you can appreciate the ancient architecture groups built from ming dynasty, or climb to the top of xiangshan mountain, look down at lijang old town and overlook jade dragon snow mountain in a distance. Beijing shijingshan amusement park. Clean and hygienic shower areas. 1 thursday, beijing 7650 1 2 wednesday. Despite its nickname, the building is not an actual cube, but. It is next to the subway station, easily accessible to other parts of beijing. Launched by private companies in 2018. Result date prize 1 prize fund. 1 monday, beijing 6146 1 2 sunday. The massage was good, the masseuse used force and concentrated on my problem areas. Flights vacation rentals restaurants things to do beijing tourism. And now the lottery draws every day from monday to sunday at 1100 am gmt +8. The water temperature is awesome. The black dragon pool is a perfect place for. Some of chinas best pool players will wield their sticks in beijing next weekend in the nationwide delta cup. 5 scratch cards in your nearest. Contactless attendance for a hasslefree and safe entry. Pool and spa were thoroughly enjoyable as well as room views. A toxicologist noted after taking a sample of the water that urine and fecal matter consisted of nearly 90% of the mix. This website is estimated worth of $ 8. All the staff are kind and nice. Locker facilities to store your belongings safely. Qing dynasty 1644–1912 architecture and decor. Last year’s event in las vegas saw fantastic attendance and was the most wellattended show in the united states. Beautiful hotel with all the amenities located 10 min walk from the forbidden city. 1 thursday, beijing 9035 1 2 wednesday. Room the 66 sqm panorama oasis is equipped with a multimedia panel and banyan trees renowned signature amenities. Pictures, opening hours, dress code, maps, booking links and much more for every rooftop worth a visit in beijing. The swimming pools at our cult offer the following facilitiesamenities and hence instead of wasting time to find swimming pools near me, contact our centres. 1 wednesday, beijing 2493 1 2 tuesday. Congen massage healthcare club. Everything you need to know about the grand hotel beijing pool at tripadvisor. Draws take place every day, and players are required to choose six main numbers between 0 and 9 plus an additional number, known as the beijingpools. The ice hockey competitions of the 2022 winter olympics was played at two venues located in the beijing cluster. Rooms are spacious, at least the one i’ve had in a jen skyline, 1 king bed room 1824. We have more than 23 swimming pool properties that would give you an extra level of fun and excitement, knowing that you can enjoy them anytime, even at night. With an exquisite spa offering signature wellness programmes, a fitness centre and a 25m indoor lap pool with sky roof, mandarin oriental wangfujing will provide the ideal intimate retreat for beijing residents and visitors alike. Crab island’s seaview waterpark. +86 8434 4783 admin@beijingpools. There are rides for children and adults. Toto asia pools already operating since 2016, wla level 4 license holder. Lastly, i love the design of the hotel and the pool is amazing if you have time. Complete guide with all the info you need in one place. These hotels with pools in beijing are highly rated by couples shangrila shougang park, beijing, mandarin oriental wangfujing, beijing, and regent beijing. As no active threats were reported recently by users, beijingpools. Rumus ekor adalah rumus yang cukup sederhana. About us contact us home sunday monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday. Beijingbased chindata’s shares rose 12. Somewhere under the four sheets of curling ice being used for the beijing olympics is the swimming pool where michael phelps splashed his way to history in the 2008 summer games at first glance. Everything you need to know about the grand millennium beijing pool at tripadvisor. Selain togel beijing, kami juga menyediakan live draw pasaran togel lain seperti sydney, singapore, hongkong dan pasaran togel terlengkap lainnya. The essence of contemporary highend hospitality. Beijing pool 4d results, normal opening time 1130pm every day, for old results click here. 95 and have a daily income of around $ 0. The apartments are large, with some 400 sqm layouts, large and beautiful living rooms. Beijing pools lottery has a change in time, which was previously at 1730 gmt +8. The customer wears a pyjama during 4. Second, theres a hot spring from 1500 meters depth, which is healthy for body. - Menangkan hadiah : Beijing pools - Kategori : Kasino, poker, blackjack, roulette, permainan slot - Bermain online

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Guppies are fascinating fish known for their vibrant colors and unique patterns. One particular variety that stands out is the Chilli Mosaic Guppy. These guppies have a striking appearance with a mosaic-like pattern that resembles the fiery colors of chili peppers. In my blog post, I will delve into the world of Chilli Mosaic Guppies, exploring their characteristics, care requirements, and how to enhance their stunning colors. Join me on this journey to discover more about these captivating aquatic creatures! Benefits Of Having Chilli Mosaic Guppy Chilli Mosaic Guppies, with their vibrant colors and unique patterns, offer a range of benefits for aquarium enthusiasts. Here are some key advantages of having these captivating fish: - Adaptability: Chilli Mosaic Guppies, like other guppy varieties, are known for their ability to adapt to different environments and ecological conditions easily. This adaptability makes them a popular choice among aquarists looking to add lively and energetic fish to their tanks. - Aesthetically Pleasing: The striking appearance of Chilli Mosaic Guppies adds a pop of color and visual interest to any aquarium. Their mosaic-like patterns, reminiscent of chili peppers, create a vibrant and dynamic underwater display. - Low Maintenance: Guppies, including the Chilli Mosaic variety, are relatively easy to care for, making them ideal for both beginner and experienced fish keepers. Their hardy nature and resilience contribute to their popularity in the aquarium hobby. - Breeding Potential: Chilli Mosaic Guppies are prolific breeders, often producing fry in abundance. This breeding behavior can be a fascinating aspect for aquarists interested in observing the reproductive cycle of these fish. Common Health Issues and Treatment of Chilli Mosaic Guppy Chilli Mosaic Guppies, like all fish, are susceptible to various health issues that can affect their well-being. Understanding these common ailments and their treatments is crucial for maintaining the health of your guppies. Here are some prevalent health issues and how to address them: - Parasitic Infections: Parasites can pose a significant threat to guppies, leading to symptoms like lethargy, loss of appetite, and visible parasites on the fish’s body. To treat parasitic infections, raising the water temperature to 82-86°F can help speed up the parasite’s life cycle. Additionally, using Ich medication in the water or through a medicated solution and maintaining good water quality through regular changes are essential. - Fin and Tail Rot: Fin and tail rot in guppies is often caused by poor water quality or physical injuries. Symptoms include frayed fins and discoloration. To address fin rot, it is crucial to improve water quality by monitoring nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia levels, along with treating the fish with appropriate medications. - Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS): This life-threatening viral illness can affect guppies, leading to symptoms like hemorrhaging, inflammation, and loss of appetite. Isolating affected fish, disinfecting the tank and equipment, maintaining suitable tank conditions, and avoiding stressors are key steps in managing VHS in guppies. - Lymphocystis: Lymphocystis is a viral infection characterized by red and purple markings on the fish’s body. Treatment involves improving water quality through regular water changes and monitoring parameters like pH, nitrate, phosphorous, and ammonium levels within acceptable ranges. Lifespan Of Chilli Mosaic Guppy The lifespan of Chilli Mosaic Guppies can vary depending on various factors. In the wild, Guppies typically live around 2 years. However, with proper care and optimal conditions in captivity, Chilli Mosaic Guppies can live between 2 to 5 years. Factors that contribute to the lifespan of Guppies include good genetics, quality food, appropriate water parameters, a stress-free environment, and good water quality. Cost Of Chilli Mosaic Guppy The cost of Chilli Mosaic Guppies can vary depending on the seller and the specific variety of guppies. Here are some price ranges based on the search results: - Fishykart. in: Chilli Dumbo Ear Mosaic Guppy Fish is priced at Rs. 129.00. - IndiaMART: Chilly Mosaic Guppy is available for Rs 50/pair by Kerala Fish4ever. - Best4Pets: Chilli Mosaic Dumbo Ear Guppy (Pairs) is priced at ₹220.00. The prices may fluctuate based on factors such as the quality, color variation, and specific breed of Chilli Mosaic Guppies. It is advisable to compare prices from different sellers and ensure that you are purchasing from a reputable source to get healthy and vibrant guppies for your aquarium. Choosing the Right Fish Food For Chilli Mosaic Guppy When choosing the right fish food for your Chilli Mosaic Guppy, it is essential to provide a balanced diet to ensure their health and vitality. Here are some recommendations based on the search results: - Variety of Foods: Chilli Mosaic Guppies are not picky eaters and will thrive on a varied diet. It is recommended to offer them a mix of foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, flake foods, pellets, and Easy Fry and Small Fish Food. Providing a diverse range of food ensures that your guppies receive essential nutrients for their well-being. - High-Quality Food: Opt for high-quality fish food specially formulated for guppies and other community nano fish. Look for salmon-based foods that are designed to meet the nutritional needs of guppies. Easy-to-use squeeze bottles can make feeding fast and efficient while ensuring that your guppies receive the necessary nutrients. - Feeding Frequency: Initially, feed your Chilli Mosaic Guppies two times a day with small portions to prevent overfeeding and water contamination. As they grow, you can increase the feedings to three to five times a day, ensuring that each meal is smaller to avoid excess food in the tank. Chilli Mosaic Guppy Feeding and Nutrition Feeding and providing proper nutrition to your Chilli Mosaic Guppies is essential for their health and well-being. Here are some key points based on the search results: - Feeding Frequency: Adult guppies can be fed once or twice a day, offering them as much food as they can consume in about a minute. It is crucial not to overfeed them to prevent health issues like constipation. - Variety in Diet: Chilli Mosaic Guppies are not picky eaters and enjoy a varied diet. You can feed them foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, flake foods, pellets, Easy Fry, and Small Fish Food. Providing a mix of these foods ensures that your guppies receive essential nutrients for their overall health. - Tank Mates and Feeding: When feeding your guppies, ensure that other tank mates do not outcompete them for food. Guppies may graze on algae growing in the aquarium, but it is important to supplement their diet with appropriate fish food to meet their nutritional needs. - Water Parameters: Maintaining suitable water parameters such as pH levels of 7.0 or greater and hard water with good amounts of calcium is beneficial for the health of your guppies. Clean water and a balanced diet contribute significantly to the overall well-being of Chilli Mosaic Guppies. Ideal water Temperature For Chilli Mosaic Guppy The ideal water temperature for Chilli Mosaic Guppies is between 64°F and 82°F (18°C to 27.7°C). Keeping the water temperature within this range helps maintain the health and well-being of your guppies. Higher temperatures can promote faster growth rates and shorter life expectancies, while cooler temperatures can slow down growth and extend life expectancy. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the water temperature regularly and adjust accordingly to ensure the comfort and happiness of your Chilli Mosaic Guppies. ideal pH Levels For Chilli Mosaic Guppy The ideal pH levels for Chilli Mosaic Guppies are between 7 and 8. This pH range closely mimics the natural brackish conditions where many guppies are found in the wild. It is essential to maintain a stable pH within this range to support the health and well-being of your guppies. Changes in pH can impact their immune systems and make them more susceptible to diseases. Regularly checking and adjusting the pH levels in your aquarium is crucial for the overall health of your Chilli Mosaic Guppies. Breeding Chilli Mosaic Guppy and Other Fish That Get Along Breeding Chilli Mosaic Guppies can be a rewarding experience due to their vibrant colors and unique patterns. Here are some key points to consider when breeding these fish and selecting compatible tank mates: - Breeding Chilli Mosaic Guppies: - Chilli Mosaic Guppies are livebearers, meaning they give birth to live fry rather than laying eggs. They are known for their ease of breeding, making them a great choice for aquarists interested in fish breeding. - To encourage breeding, provide ample hiding spots like plants or decorations where pregnant females can seek refuge and give birth to their fry. - Separating pregnant females into a breeding trap or a separate tank can help protect the fry from being eaten by adult fish. - Ensure a well-balanced diet for breeding guppies, including high-quality flake foods, bloodworms, and brine shrimp to support their reproductive health. - Compatible Tank Mates: - Chilli Mosaic Guppies are peaceful fish that can coexist with a variety of tank mates in a community aquarium setting. - Suitable tank mates for Chilli Mosaic Guppies include peaceful species like cory catfish and neon tetras that won’t nip at their fins or pose a threat to them. - Avoid aggressive fish species such as tiger barbs or bala sharks that may harass or prey on the guppies. - Providing ample hiding spaces with plants like Java moss can offer cover for guppy fry to escape being eaten by larger tank mates. Problems with Taking Care Of Chilli Mosaic Guppy There are several problems associated with taking care of Chilli Mosaic Guppies, including: - Poor Water Quality: Poor water quality, such as high nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia levels, can cause health issues like fin and tail rot. Ensuring good water quality is crucial for the health of your guppies. - Overcrowding: Overcrowding can lead to increased aggression and competition for resources, potentially causing stress and disease. Maintaining an appropriate number of fish per gallon is essential for the welfare of your guppies. - Unsuitable Environment: An unsuitable environment, such as incorrect water temperature or insufficient hiding places, can negatively impact the health and well-being of your guppies. Creating a comfortable habitat is critical for the survival and happiness of your Chilli Mosaic Guppies. - Nutrient Deficiencies: A lack of essential nutrients in the diet can lead to weakened immune systems and increased vulnerability to disease. Offering a varied diet with high-quality fish food is essential for the health of your guppies. Female Chilli Mosaic Guppy Female Chilli Mosaic Guppies play a vital role in the breeding and overall dynamics of your aquarium. Here are some key points based on the search results: - Breeding Size and Quality: - Female Chilli Mosaic Guppies are essential for breeding purposes, as they give birth to live fry rather than laying eggs. - It is crucial to ensure that female guppies are of breeding size and in good health to support successful reproduction in your aquarium. - Variety in Colors and Features: - Female Chilli Mosaic Guppies, like their male counterparts, exhibit a variety of colors and patterns that add vibrancy to your tank. - Some female guppies may have distinct features like dumbo ears or mosaic patterns, enhancing the visual appeal of your aquatic setup. - Commercial Use: - Female Chilli Mosaic Guppies are also used in commercial settings for breeding purposes due to their high quality and pure lineage. - Their breeding potential and unique characteristics make them sought after by aquarists and breeders alike. Male Chilli Mosaic Guppy Male Chilli Mosaic Guppies are striking fish known for their vibrant colors and unique features. Here are some key points based on the search results: - Appearance and Characteristics: - Male Chilli Mosaic Guppies exhibit vibrant colors and intricate mosaic patterns that resemble chili peppers, adding a visually appealing touch to your aquarium. - Some male guppies may have distinct features like big ears or dumbo ears, enhancing their overall appearance and making them stand out in a tank. - Breeding Potential: - Male guppies play a crucial role in breeding, as they fertilize the eggs produced by female guppies during reproduction. - Their breeding size, health, and genetic quality are essential factors to consider when aiming for successful breeding in your aquarium. - Commercial Value: - Male Chilli Mosaic Guppies are valued for their high quality and pure lineage, making them sought after by aquarists and breeders for commercial purposes. - Their unique colors, patterns, and features contribute to their commercial appeal in the aquarium trade. Tips for Aquarium Decoration When decorating your Chilli Mosaic Guppy aquarium, consider the following tips: - Choose Appropriate Materials: Select decorations made from safe materials that will not harm your fish or affect water quality. Avoid untreated wood, shells, or real corals, especially for freshwater aquariums. - Clean Before Addition: Always clean your decorations thoroughly before adding them to your tank to remove any contaminants or bacteria. - Keep Everything Clean: Continue to clean your decorations periodically to prevent buildup of algae or dirt. - Plan Ahead: Think about the layout of your tank and how each decoration fits into the overall design. Plan for easy access to equipment and maintenance areas. - Consider Your Fish: Choose decorations that match the preferences of your specific fish species. For instance, bottom-dwelling fish like eels and knifefish need a soft, sandy substrate to burrow in. - Start at the Bottom: Begin with the base layer, such as substrate, and move upwards to add decorations. - Use Live Plants: Live plants can improve oxygen levels and provide shelter for your fish. Choose plants that fit the size and shape of your tank. - Add Hideouts: Create hiding places for your fish by incorporating rocks, caves, and other structures into your tank. - Balance Color and Texture: Mix various textures and colors to create an aesthetically pleasing environment for your fish. - Be Creative: Let your imagination guide you in creating a unique and inviting atmosphere for your Chilli Mosaic Guppies. Chilli Mosaic Guppy Varieties Chilli Mosaic Guppies come in various captivating varieties, each with its unique features and colors. Here are some notable varieties based on the search results: - Chilli Mosaic Big Ear Guppy: - This variety features big ears and mosaic patterns, adding to their visual appeal. They are known for their high and pure quality, making them desirable for breeding purposes. - Silver Red Chilli Mosaic Big Ear Short Body Guppy: - These guppies exhibit a silver-red coloration with a short body size of around 1 inch. They are suitable for commercial purposes and have a lifespan of approximately 3 years. - Chilli Mosaic Dumbo Ear New Lineage Guppy: - The Dumbo Ear variety showcases dark bluish or greenish ears and a mosaic pattern on a red background. These guppies are known for their striking appearance and peaceful social behavior, making them ideal for community tanks. - Red Chilli Mosaic Dumbo Ear Guppies: - These guppies feature vivid red mosaic patterns and oversized “dumbo” pectoral fins, creating a vibrant display in the aquarium. Their low-maintenance nature and friendly demeanor make them an attractive choice for aquarists. In conclusion, Chilli Mosaic Guppies are not only visually stunning fish but also fascinating creatures to care for in an aquarium. From their vibrant colors and unique patterns to their ease of breeding and compatibility with other tank mates, these guppies offer aquarists a rewarding and enjoyable experience. By providing a well-balanced diet, maintaining optimal water parameters, and creating a suitable environment with appropriate decorations, aquarists can ensure the health and well-being of their Chilli Mosaic Guppies. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced hobbyist, the beauty and charm of these fish make them a delightful addition to any aquatic setup. Explore the diverse varieties of Chilli Mosaic Guppies available and embark on a colorful journey into the world of freshwater fishkeeping with these captivating aquatic gems. What are the most common health issues affecting Chilli Mosaic Guppies? Answer: Common health issues affecting Chilli Mosaic Guppies include parasitic infections, fin and tail rot, viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), and lymphocytes. These issues can be treated with appropriate medications and improved water quality. How long does a Chilli Mosaic Guppy usually live? Answer: In the wild, Chilli Mosaic Guppies typically live around 2 years. With proper care and optimal conditions in captivity, they can live between 2 to 5 years. What should I look for when buying a Chilli Mosaic Guppy? Answer: When buying a Chilli Mosaic Guppy, look for signs of good health, such as bright colors, active swimming, clear eyes, and no external wounds. Also, check the water quality and temperature to ensure they are suitable for the guppies. Can Chilli Mosaic Guppies live together with other fish? Answer: Yes, Chilli Mosaic Guppies can live together with other fish if they are peaceful and compatible with the guppies. Examples of suitable tank mates include cory catfish and neon tetras. What kind of food should I feed my Chilli Mosaic Guppy? Answer: Chilli Mosaic Guppies benefit from a varied diet consisting of bloodworms, brine shrimp, flake foods, pellets, and Easy Fry and Small Fish Food. High-quality fish food specifically formulated for guppies is recommended.

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2024-04-24T08:35:39Z

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The Fontainebleau Residence - 4 Bedrooms - 3.5 Bathrooms - 8 Guests Stay in our inviting Uptown home, just a stone’s throw away from popular attractions and dining options. Enjoy breakfast at Bearcat, a night of music and bowling at Rock N Bowl, or Creole cuisine at Dat Dog or Ye Olde College Inn on Freret Street. Unwind in our game room or explore the city, with easy access to the French Quarter, Super Dome, City Park/Fair Grounds, and Napoleon Avenue. We provide a digital guidebook with insider tips for restaurants, nightlife, and attractions. Normal check-in time is 4pm on the arrival date. For check-in’s from 1pm - 4:00pm, it’s an extra $50 to have an extra cleaner assist with servicing the property. Check-in before 1pm would require booking the previous night at a much discounted rate. Contact host for details. There is a tenant that lives onsite in a detached building in the backyard. The tenant will travel through the driveway/backyard to get to and from the unit but does... Enjoy the comforts of home and beyond with these distinctive features. All Stays Include We believe certain amenities should be standard. Every home comes outfitted with these best-in-class essentials for a worry-free stay. Beds & Bath Review bedroom arrangements to make sure each is right for you. Full and half bathrooms are shown as one total. Dryer In Home First Aid Kit Washer In Home Air Conditioning: Central Let’s try that again. We’re having trouble connecting to Google Maps. Please try refreshing your browser or trying your search again. Things To Know Payment and Cancellation - 60 Day Policy - Guests may cancel for free provided that: (1) reservation is canceled within 48-hours of reservation request, and (2) reservation request was made 11 days before arrival. - 60 days or less prior to arrival: Guests pay 100% at time of reservation. - More than 60 days before arrival: Guests pay 50% at time of reservation, the remaining 50% will be charged 60 days prior to arrival. - For guests paying with Points or Cash & Points: 100% of payment of both Cash & Points will be deducted at time of reservation, once booking is verified within 48 hours. - 60 days or less prior to arrival: No refund issued, unless ‘Grace Period’ applies. - More than 60 days before arrival: 100% refund. - The date of booking shall be the “Effective Date”. The booking guest, shall be known as the “Guest”. The guest must agree to the terms of this contract, known as the “contract”, for the short term lease of the property, henceforth known as “the property”. The term of the lease shall be from 4:00PM on the date of arrival until 11:00AM on the date of checkout. The total cost of the stay shall be determined prior to booking and the total cost must be remitted upon booking. - For purposes of convenience, the following party is also authorized to manage the Property and act on Property Owner's behalf: - NOLA Short Term Rental Solutions, LLC (Doing Business as Property Manager) henceforth known as the “Authorized Party". - Such Authorized Party may be considered to act in place of the Property Owner for the purposes of this Agreement, where required or permitted. - 1. RATE and CANCELLATION - The rate of the Guest’s stay is broken down as shown in the payment portal on Hostfully, the booking platform. A booking confirmation email will be sent to the guest as soon as the booking and payment are confirmed. - The booking shall be subject to a strict cancellation policy defined as follows. For non-holiday/special event bookings, guests may cancel 60 days or more before their check-in for a refund of the cleaning fee charge and 50% refund of the nightly rate. For special event/holiday bookings (including but NOT limited to Mardi Gras, Jazz Fest, Essence Fest, New Years, Thanksgiving, Christmas, etc.), in which case bookings are non-refundable 48 hours after booking, BUT only if the booking is made 30 days before the check-in date. If the booking is made within 30 days of arrival, it is non-refundable. If guests do not make use of the property, cleaning fees are always refundable after a property inspection can be performed to confirm the property was not used. - Under no circumstances shall this cancellation penalty be altered nor exceptions made for any extenuating circumstances. We do strongly encourage guests to purchase travel insurance. - 2. CONDITION AND USE OF PROPERTY - The Property is provided in “as is” condition. Owner shall use its best efforts to ensure the operation of all amenities in the Property, such as internet access, satellite or cable TV access as applicable. Owner shall not be held responsible for such items failure to work, but will make every effort to correct any issues as reported as quickly as possible. Guest shall use the Property for residential purposes only and in a careful manner to prevent any damage or loss to the Property and keep the Property in clean and sanitary condition at all times. Guest and any additional permitted guests shall refrain from loud noise and shall not disturb, annoy, endanger, or inconvenience neighbors, nor shall Guest use the Property for any immoral, offensive or unlawful purposes, nor violate any - law, association rules or ordinance, nor commit waste or nuisance on or about the Property. - 3. DEFAULT - If Guest should fail to comply with the conditions and obligations of this Agreement, - Guest shall surrender the Property, remove all their personal property, and vacate the premises. No refund of any portion of the Total Rental Fee or Deposit shall be made. - 4. ATTORNEY’S FEES - If the Owner should be required to enforce this contract or any provision hereof, client shall be responsible for all legal fees, court costs, and other related expenses incurred as a result. - This contract shall be governed by Louisiana law and both parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of Louisiana courts, and waive objections to jurisdiction and venue. - If any provision of this contract is deemed unenforceable for any reason, the remaining provisions of this contract shall remain in full force and effect. - 5. ASSIGNMENT OR SUBLEASE - Guest shall not assign or sublease the Property or permit the use of any portion of the Property by other persons who are not listed guests of the Guest and - included within the below list of occupants provided by the Guest. - 6. RISK OF LOSS AND INDEMNIFICATION - Guest agrees that all personal property, furnishings, personal effects, and other items brought into the Property by Guest or their permitted guests and visitors shall be at the sole risk of Guest with regard to any theft, damage, destruction or other loss and Owner shall not be responsible or liable for any reason whatsoever. - Guest hereby covenants and agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Owner and their agents, successors, employees and contractors from and against any costs, damages, liabilities, claims, legal fees and other actions for any damages, costs, attorney’s fees incurred by Guest, permitted guests, visitors or agents, representatives or successors of Guest due to any claims relating to destruction of property or injury to persons or loss of life sustained by Guest or family and visitors of Guest in or about the Property and expressly agrees to save and hold Owner harmless in all such cases. - 7. RELEASE - Guest hereby waives and releases any claims against Owner, the Property and their successors, assigns, employees or representatives, officially or otherwise, for any injuries or death that may be sustained by Guest on or near or adjacent to the Property, including any common facilities, activities or amenities. Guest agrees to use any such facilities or amenities entirely at the Guest’s own initiative, risk and responsibility. - 8. ACCESS: ENTRY AND INSPECTION - Owner reserves the right to enter the Property at any time for the purposes of inspecting the Property or showing the Property to prospective purchasers, renters or other authorized persons. If Owner has a reasonable belief that there is imminent danger to any person or property, Owner may enter the Property without advance notice. - 9. HOUSE RULES - Guest agrees to abide by the House Rules at all times while at the property and shall cause all members of the rental party to abide by the following rules at all times while at the property: - -A picture of a Government issued ID of the guest booking the space along with the full names of each guest who will be staying is required at the time of booking. Failure to deliver a photo of the booking guest's government issued ID and names of all guests staying at the space will result in access codes not being delivered to guests and possible cancellation without refund for breaking house rules. - - We do not allow smoking; breaking this rule will incur a $500 fee, actual costs of damages, and/or – if the property is unable to be booked in its advertised condition – the value of lost revenue. - - Unless stated otherwise, this location does not allow pets. There are many local pet boarding facilities should you need one. Breaking this rule will incur a $250 fee, actual costs of damages, and/or – if the property is unable to be booked in its advertised condition – the value of lost revenue. - - Parties and/or excessive noise are not allowed per local ordinance. Please be respectful of our neighbors. Violations of this rule will result in immediate eviction without refund plus a $1000 party/event fee. - -Quiet hours 10PM - 8AM. - -Guests are provided 2 keys. 1 Key must be left in the lockbox at all times in case of getting locked out or losing a key. Lost keys will result in a charge of $75 to re-key the locks. Guests who lose both keys and need to be let in will be charged $125. - -Please use our black makeup towels to remove makeup. Damaged white towels that must be replaced can only be purchased in sets (hand, face, and bath set). - - If a location is left in an exceptionally messy state, we will charge $75 for every extra hour of cleaning required. - - If you notice anything that presents a danger that could result in damage to the location or to any individuals, let the Property Owner know immediately. - - If guests delay the cleaners from beginning their cleaning at the predetermined check-out time, guests will be charged $50 PER HOUR. This fee is applied to any late checkout after 11am. Any guest who is still in the location after 1pm will be charged for an extra night. This does not apply if our team has approved a late checkout in advance. - - Plumbing- Please only flush toilet paper down the toilet (i.e. - no feminine products, or face/baby wipes, etc). - - Fire hazards - No candles or open flame. - 10. TRAVEL INSURANCE - We encourage all renters to purchase traveler insurance in case of unforeseen circumstances, accidents or other issues that may prohibit Guest from traveling or fulfilling rental terms. Guests further acknowledges that Property Owner’s insurance does not cover Guest’s personal property damaged by fire, theft, rain, war, acts of God, acts of others, and/or any other causes. Nor shall the Property Owner or Authorized Party be liable for any such losses. - If guests are interested in purchasing travel insurance please contact us at [email protected] - 11. SECURITY DEPOSIT - Upon execution of this lease, Tenant may be asked to deposit with the Authorized party a deposit in the sum specified prior to booking, in addition to the total rent, in form of check or money order or agreed upon electronic payment. This deposit is to be held in the event there are damages to the property after the guest departs or other rule violations that incur a fee. This security deposit is not considered liquidated damages. In the event of forfeiture of the security deposit due to Guest’s failure to fully and faithfully perform all of the terms and conditions of this lease, the Authorized Party retains all of its other rights and remedies. Tenant does not have the right to cancel this lease and avoid their obligations hereunder by forfeiting said security deposit. - Within 14 days of the termination of this rental agreement the Authorized Party shall return to the Guest said deposit according to applicable laws governed by the State of Louisiana. Said deposit is to be held as collateral and applied, towards damages, cleaning, maintenance, extermination, holdover fees, re-keying fees, and toward any other charge that may remain due and owing at the expiration of this agreement. In the event that damages or other charges exceed the amount of the security deposit, Tenant agrees to pay all expenses and costs to the Authorized Party. In the event there has been a forfeiture of the security deposit, excess charges shall be paid in addition to the amount of said security deposit. - 12. DAMAGE TO PREMISES - In the event the Premises are destroyed or rendered wholly untenantable by fire, storm, flood, or other casualty not caused by the negligence of Guest or Property Owner, this agreement shall terminate from such time except for the purpose of enforcing rights that may have then accrued hereunder. - Should there be any damage to the leased premises or equipment therein, reasonable wear and tear excepted, caused by Guest, their family, visitors, or Agents, Guest agrees to pay Property Owner when billed the full amount necessary to repair or replace the damaged premises or equipment. This includes, but is not limited to garbage disposal, plumbing problems due to improper usage, also water problems due to improper bath/shower usage. - 13. ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS BY TENANT - Guest will not, without Property Owner’s prior written consent, (1) alter, re-key or install any locks to the premises; (2) install a burglar alarm system; (3) remodel or make any structural changes, alterations or additions to the premises; (4) drill or put any holes in the walls, woodwork or floors; (5) paint the premises, or (6) hire any person or entity to make any repairs, alterations, upgrades, changes or otherwise to the premises without prior written authorization from the owner or authorized party. If Guest obtains written consent to paint any room, the area must be re-painted to its original neutral color prior to move out. Guest will not be reimbursed for any paint purchased or for any type of labor. Violation of this section may result in immediate termination of this lease agreement. Any additions or alternations made to the property by the Guest shall become the property of the Property Owner at the termination of this lease unless otherwise stipulated herein. Guest expressly waives all right to compensation for any additions or alterations made to the premises. The Property Owner, at their option, may require the premises to be returned to its original condition at Guest’s expense plus the value of any lost revenue. - 14. PROPERTY MAINTENANCE - Tenant is responsible for maintaining and keeping the full premises in clean, working order and good living condition, including but not limited to: windows, appliances, a/c units, plumbing, garbage disposal, drains, mini blinds, walls, doors, door knobs, cabinets, toilet, ceiling fans, yard, etc. Tenant must not obstruct driveways, windows or doors – including those of our neighbors. Tenant shall not keep any dangerous, flammable or explosive material/device on the property. - 15. INVENTORY - The premises contains the following items that the Guest may use: A/C and heat systems, water heater, ceiling fans, washer, dryer, refrigerator, dishwasher, microwave oven, coffee pot, oven/range, utensils, all tables, desk, chairs, lamps, internet devices, cooking pots and pans, glassware, mattresses, bed frames, all furniture and accessories. Any items found missing or damaged from the units will be reimbursed by the guest. - 16. GENERAL PROVISIONS - This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties with regard to the rental of the Property, and any changes, amendments or modifications hereof shall be void unless the same are in writing and signed by both the Guest and the Owner. The words “Owner” and “Guest” shall include their respective heirs, successors, - representatives. The waiver or failure to enforce any breach or provision of this Agreement shall not be considered a waiver of that or any other provision in any subsequent breach thereof. If any provision herein is held invalid, the remainder of the Agreement shall not be affected. Any notice required to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and sent to the contact information included herein. If signatures are - required, this Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of which is an original, but taken together constitute one in the same instrument. Execution of a digital signature shall be deemed a valid signature and if no signature is required to make this agreement fully enforceable, then booking the online reservation shall constitute acceptance. - Providing ID: For security purposes, and to prevent internet fraud, guests must provide a valid Government Issued Driver’s License/ID or valid PASSPORT for the booking guest within 24 hours of booking that matches Credit Card used for booking or IMMEDIATELY for same-day reservations. - Although you may have had to provide some of the items below upon booking your initial reservation, please DO NOT enter any credit card numbers in your reply via the booking platform. - PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING: - 1. Photo of your government issued ID ~ (i.e. Drivers License, State ID or Passport). - • The ID must match the Guests name on the reservation. - • The ID must be associated with the credit card used for booking your reservation. - • Please BLACK-OUT any Social Security numbers that may be on your ID. - 2. Full Billing address associated with the credit card used and Government ID of credit card holder if different from booking guest. - 3. The CVC # on your credit card. - 4. Complete list of the rental party as described below. - Rental Party: The rental party shall consist of the Guest and no more than the number of persons allowed at the property per the listing / posting / ad. If additional guests occupy the property, beyond the amount listed herein, then OWNER reserves the right to cancel/void the reservation immediately and ALL guests shall vacate the property immediately with no refunds given to the guest or their respective parties. - Please provide the full names of each guest that will be staying at the property here. - Once these items are received, we will program the door locks for access. - Signing of this contract constitutes an acknowledgement that both parties have had time to read the entire contract, understand its terms, and knowingly agree to enter the contract and abide by all of its terms. - __________________ ___________ - Authorized Party Date - __________________ ___________ - Guest Date

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2024-04-24T09:05:31Z

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The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center are on-site in Bellefonte for the Jerry Sandusky child sexual abuse trial. PCAR will provide insight and expertise throughout the trial in response to key statements made during courtroom proceedings. Defense attorney Joe Amendola: Sandusky's defense attorney quizzed Victims 6 about securing a private lawyer. He has repeatedly claimed that Sandusky's accusers are conspiring in hopes of cashing in by suing Sandusky and others for damages from their alleged ordeals. PCAR: The purpose of the criminal justice system is to protect society and ensure justice is achieved. The court system often places a heavy emphasis on protecting defendants from wrongful conviction, which leads to a greater emphasis on defendant rights than victim rights. Victims of all types of crimes often have privacy needs and legal needs that prosecutors are not able to meet. Prosecutors represent the Commonwealth in a case in which a crime was committed against a victim. They do what they can to protect victims in the criminal justice system, but prosecutors cannot directly represent victims as their attorneys. Victims in high profile cases often need help navigating the complex myriad of news media inquiries and protecting themselves and their families from unwarranted intrusions into their and their families' privacy. The desire to have an attorney who is singularly focused on protecting the victim in many different arenas is completely understandable and expected in a case such as this and does not bear negatively on the witness's credibility in any way. Victim 6: Asked if he (Victim 6) was looking for financial benefit from coming forward, the young man replied, "Zero." PCAR: The notion that people may make false allegations about sexual assault to tarnish a reputation, get revenge for perceived wrongs and to be able to cash in via lawsuits is a common hypothesis posed by people who doubt that "good" people or famous people commit sexual assault. However a trial is not brought about simply by making an allegation. Authorities investigate. Evidence is collected. A determination is made by experienced practitioners of the law regarding whether the victim statements and evidence collected is adequate to file charges and pursue prosecution. Additionally, sexual assault survivors often must reveal to the court how their lives have been impacted by the assault. Grade may have dropped. The person may have been living with depression, anxiety or may have contemplated or attempted suicide. They may have drug or alcohol problems that developed since the sexual abuse. They may disclose sleeping disorders, regressive behavior such as bed wetting or thumb sucking during ages when these behaviors are developmentally abnormal. Numerous others in their lives have witnessed these changes and can attest to their disruptive and sometimes devastating impact. When considering whether a person is making a false allegation, we must keep the full picture in context. It seems unthinkable that a person would hatch such a plot during their pre-teen years and concurrently display such devastating behaviors and difficulties for years on end, only to make an attempt at a civil suit as an adult. Victim 6: The young man acknowledged staying in contact with Sandusky for years. He sent him a Happy Father's Day text, borrowed his car last year and asked him to donate to a mission he attended in Mexico. Victim 3: Alleged Victim 3 said he "loved" Sandusky despite assaults. "He made me feel part of something like a family... didn't want to give it up." PCAR: Offenders often build a connection or a bond that isn't broken as a result of sexual abuse. The abuse is one element of the relationship. Like in a schedule of activities, it is just one event in a full day. The child victim often does not know what to think while the abuse is ongoing. Offenders may use fun or care taking activities to push the boundaries of a child and create a bond. Grooming a child could include teaching innocent hygiene and introducing games. A victim's view of the offender's actions change over time. An adult understands and view sexuality very differently than a child. The knowledge we gain with experience and time can give us the tools to better understand an event that happened when he or she was younger. Victim 6 experienced this. "As I started to go over it in my mind I quickly realized, my perception changed thinking about it as an adult as opposed to an 11-year-old, Victim 6 told the court. "That was inappropriate, what happened to me." Victim 7: "It's like putting stuff in the attic and closing the door." PCAR: After trauma a person may push conscious memories to the back of their minds. At the same time, the body and brain store memories of scents, sounds and feelings. This is often a protective measure to cope with the traumatic experience. Survivors often use phrases such as "pushing the memories down" or locking the memories away" to describe it. The memories are stored, but out of view from day to day functioning. This allows the person to keep living life without being flooded with overwhelming or painful emotions that accompany memories of abuse. It is normal for survivors of sexual assault to remember more details when they are cued or "triggered" by sensory information that is similar to what they stored during the traumatic experience. These details may come back to the surface with time, healing, a physical cue or being asked about abuse for the first time. For instance, a particular smell, sight, sound (such as a song), or something someone says in conversation may suddenly make the brain recognize the similar information, and the survivor may find themselves suddenly remembering parts of their sexually abusive experience that they had not remembered previously. Additionally, survivors who have supportive people around them such as family, clergy, friends, counselors or therapists who give them the opportunity to talk about their abusive experiences have the benefit of exploring their memories more fully. Having resources and support available can create an environment where it is safe to remember and process difficult details of sexual abuse. For more information on trauma and memory, go to NSVRC's online course, The Brain, Body and Trauma http://www.nsvrc.org/elearning Central Mountain High School guidance counselor, according to Victim 1: Sandusky "had a heart of gold and wouldn't do something like that (in reference to allegations made by Victim 1)." PCAR: People who commit sexual offenses are often nice, responsible, upstanding, loving and law abiding members of their communities and even families... except for when they are committing the abuse. The words often used to describe people who commit sexual offenses ("monster," "predator" or "animal") obscure this reality, and can make it difficult for people to see the incredible harm they are causing. Sex offenders use their good reputations to gain the trust of potential victims and others around them, and gain access to them. No one would agree to leave their child in the care of a "monster" but most people are comfortable leaving their child in the care of a family friend or a mentor who is widely trusted in the community. When a child insinuates, hints or discloses that they are being abused, the adult they are telling should remain calm and believe them in that moment. The adult should seek assistance from professionals who are trained to investigate suspicions of abuse and not make a determination based on personal beliefs or experiences with the offender. Adults should not attempt to 'investigate' or get more information on their own. Doing so may jeopardize the integrity of a bona fide investigation and ultimately leave a child at risk. Victim 1: "I spaced. I didn’t know what to do. I just blacked out. I didn’t want it to happen. I froze… I froze like every other time. My mind was telling me to move. I couldn’t do it. I couldn’t move." PCAR: It is normal for victims of sexual assault to “dissociate” during the abuse being done to them. Dissociation is a mental process which causes a lack of connection in a person's thoughts, memories, feelings, actions or sense of identity. Many survivors explain it by saying they disconnect their mind from their body. They may describe “floating up out of their body” or “looking over their own shoulder” during the abuse. An event or memory can bring up emotions which trigger dissociation. When a person is dissociating, certain sensory information is not associated with other information as it normally would be. For instance, a person may recall a smell, sound, sight, taste or feeling, but not be able to place it in context or be able to associate words to tell the story of the experience. Dissociation can be a survival strategy used to help a person tolerate what might otherwise be too difficult to bear. In situations of sexual violence, dissociation may be a means of detaching from the memory of the place, feelings or other circumstances about the assault. Dissociation allows the victim to mentally escape from feelings of fear and pain. It is normal for people who dissociate to have difficulty remembering the details of the assault or keeping the details in an organized, linear time line. Victim 1: “I acted out—wetting the bed. I got into fights with people. Stuff I wouldn’t normally ever do.” Victim 1: “I started avoiding him. I would hide at his house under the pool table or in a closet.” PCAR: Parents, teachers, coaches and counselors wonder how they can know if a child is being sexually abused. Unfortunately, there is not always a clear signal that indicates a child is being sexual abused. There are, however, signs that indicate a child might be experiencing some kind of abuse. Any one sign does not mean a child is being abused, but if you notice a child is experiencing several of the symptoms you should be asking questions. Some signs or symptoms are physical, such as pain, itching, bruising or bleeding of the genital area. Other symptoms are behavioral, such as an unexplained or sudden fear, dislike or avoidance of certain people, regression to infantile behaviors such as bed-wetting or thumb-sucking, nightmares and sleep disturbances, developing discipline or school problems, and engaging in self-injury such as burning or cutting, Victim 1: “I might have white-lied to cover embarrassment. But I’m here telling the full truth.” PCAR: Sexual abuse can cause intense feelings of shame, embarrassment, fear and humiliation. Victims often feel trapped between wanting the abuse to stop and being terrified of other people learning what has been done to them. That fear can keep victims silent while the abuse is going on and for years after it has stopped. Many victims try to hide what is happening to them by hiding it, by outright denying it when others ask (including classmates who may make jokes, tease or bully them based on the irregular relationship they see or sense), and by making statements with false bravado. Sometimes victims fear getting in trouble for their own "bad" or illegal behavior (underage drinking, using drugs, lying to parents about where they are or who they are with) and will make false statements to friends, family and even investigators about those acts. These false statements do not mean that the entire account of abuse is false. In fact, offenders may intentionally encourage victims to engage in bad or illegal behavior knowing it is one more layer of protection for themselves should the victim report their sexual assaults. Prosecutor Joseph McGettigan: "Young men will be pressed for details on their victimization. They have tried to bury these details. Recognitions may not be perfect. It shows the painfulness of what happened.” PCAR: A large body of research on traumatic memory shows that the brain processes sensory information very differently during a traumatic event than during normal, non-threatening events. It is normal for victims of sexual assault, veterans of war, police who have been in the line of fire, and victims of car accidents and other who have experienced traumatic events to: • not be able to recall details in a linear time line • recall certain sensory information (smells, sounds, sights, etc.) but without context • have visual memories of parts of the event but not have words to communicate them (This is because the Broca's area of the brain does not attach words to sensory info during trauma.) It is also normal for survivors of these experiences to feel intense floods of emotions when recalling these memories; similar to how they felt at the time they occurred. They can be so over whelming that a survivor may temporarily find himself or herself "right back there" and be re-experiencing it as if it were firsthand. It is normal to want to avoid these very terrifying and horrible feelings and memories. McGettigan: "Each victim met him through Second Mile. It is the perfect environment for a predatory pedophile." PCAR: People who commit sexual offenses do so for a wide range of reasons and use a wide range of tactics to gain access to victims and to trick many others into trusting them. Offenders of both children and adults exploit existing vulnerabilities, and having a past that may make people question your credibility is a common vulnerability they exploit. A social service program designed to assist "at-risk youth"–a euphemism for children who already have behavioral or other problems–is an environment full of children who may already be labeled as "troublemakers" or "liars" or "attention seekers" (usually meant as a negative trait instead of recognizing the normal need behind the label). A person who sexually abuses children would have access to many potential victims in an agency like the Second Mile, which is full of children with these pre-existing issues. Offenders know this and hope that if their criminal behavior is reported, adults will question the victim who exposes them instead of taking it seriously and questioning the behavior of the adult who's behavior has been called into question. McGettigan: Humiliation, shame and fear equal silence. These emotions cause that response. Survivors have been telling us this for decades. They are terrified that they will not be believed, scared to reveal that such humiliating things were done to them, and ashamed that they don't know how to stop the abuse or get help. Offenders reinforce these feelings by the things they say and do to victims. They use the shame and fear to bind the victim to them and isolate them from others who might help them. The victim is left feeling alone, isolated and very different from everyone around them. Victims describe this as a surreal feeling –to see other kids leading normal lives all around them, but feel so different and separate from them due to the abuse they have endured. This shame and silence can last for decades. Many survivors wait until well into their adult hood to share their secret. For many male victims, the shame and secrecy is compounded by the fear that their own sexuality may have something to do with it, or at least that others will think so. We must look at the stories of children with the eyes of children and recognize that a 10-year-old or 14-year-old boy has little language or understanding of human sexuality, and may have a very difficult time understanding that manipulation, abuse, exploitation and violence are not related to their own sexuality. Defense attorney Joe Amendola: “It’s routine for people to get showers together (in Jerry’s generation). When you work out together, you shower. It’s not a crime.” PCAR: It is not a crime to shower together with one's own peer group. However, Mr. Sandusky is not accused of washing himself at one end of a room of showers while another person of the same age did so at another shower. He is accused of being in a deserted building late at night with—and showering with children and inflicting sexual activity on those children in the shower. A very distraught custodian told co-workers he saw Sandusky with his mouth on a child's genitals in the shower. Mike McQueary saw a naked Sandusky behind a child with his arms around the child's midsection while the child braced his hands on the wall. Mr. Amendola has made much of the fact that Mr. McQueary says he cannot confirm whether he "saw penetration." We think this is a distraction. If Sandusky was in the position described above, his adult body obscuring the location of his genitals, we argue a sex crime is still being committed. Penetration is NOT the only sexual offense possible -- rubbing your genitals on a boy is still a felony. Amendola: “We don’t think Mike McQueary lied. We think he saw something and made assumptions. He didn’t see penetration. He assumed it.” PCAR: See above. Amendola: “It is unusual for an alleged victim to have an attorney—one had a lawyer before he talked to the Attorney General.” PCAR: We do not believe this is unusual given the circumstances of this case. The victims in this case are familiar firsthand with the universal support of the Penn State football program –it's allure and having access to it was a key component of the way Sandusky lured the victims into a trusting relationship. These victims knew that reaching out for help or justice would pit them against Penn State, the Second Mile, and the Penn State football nation. It is very reasonable that a family would secure legal representation to counsel them through the process of telling their stories and protect themselves from the scrutiny bound to accompany such horrifying allegations against a man with the prominent local and national reputation as Jerry Sandusky. Amendola: “Victim four brought his girlfriend and baby over to meet the Sanduskys—like he was bringing his family over to meet his Dad.” PCAR: Common victim behaviors are often incomprehensible to the public. It is common for survivors of sexual abuse to continue relationships with their abusers after the abuse has stopped. Individuals react to trauma in different ways. For example, it is common for victims to maintain contact with their abusers because they may still feel affection for them even though they hate the abuse. It is also common for some victims to maintain contact in an attempt to regain control over their assault. Others may maintain contact in an attempt to regain a feeling of normalcy. Amendola: “Accusers were questioned multiple times because the government wanted a different answer. Initially they said nothing happened. The government harassed these victims.” PCAR: It is not uncommon for victims to delay reporting sexual abuse or to deny that they were abused when they are initially questioned. Some reasons for this are: fear of stigma, embarrassment, and retaliation. There is no evidence that the victims were coerced into reporting or that they are testifying for the prosecution under duress.

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‘Solidarity in Europe - Achieving Authenticity in the European Street’ European University Institute, Florence, Italy, 10 May 2018 I am delighted to be here today. It is always enriching for the human spirit to visit Italy, this most beautiful country, the origin of so much of the world’s culture and creativity; all the more so to be in Florence, a city forever associated with names like Dante, Michelangelo and Galileo. It is always a particular pleasure to speak at a university, especially when the invitation comes from such a distinguished one and one which has the capacity for an interface with policy. The attraction of speaking here today at the European University Institute is not just the opportunity it offers for engagement with bright and enquiring minds but also because of the essential role, I would even say urgent role, which universities can and must play in understanding the complexity of our world and in addressing its challenges, empowered with adequate scholarly reflection and commitment to humanity in the fulness of its possibility and capacity I’m pleased, of course, to have been given the opportunity to participate in this timely, and indeed urgent, conference on “The State of the Union”; and because the theme of the conference is perhaps the most important one facing our continent, namely “Solidarity in Europe”. Allow me, if I may, to say a word about the two venues in Florence for this conference. Today we meet in Fiesole where much of The Decameron is set. Boccaccio might almost have been thinking of the role of universities and of the importance of fresh and creative thinking in Europe when he wrote: “You must read, you must persevere, you must sit up nights, and exert the utmost power of your mind. If one way does not lead to the desired meaning, take another; if obstacles arise, then still another; until, if your strength holds out, you will find that clear which once looked dark.” This captures well the importance, this week and always, of moving beyond received wisdom towards the honest open reflection and original thought which the European debate requires. Above all we need, in the European Union, a pluralism of scholarship. It is something we may be losing. It was John Henry Newman who wrote, ‘in a higher world it is otherwise, but here below to live is to change, and to be perfect is to have changed often’. Tomorrow the conference meets at Palazzo Vecchio which has been the seat of civic government for much of the period since it was built more than half a millennium ago. Michelangelo’s David, which arguably celebrates human beauty more wonderfully than any other statue, stands outside the Palazzo quietly dominating the piazza, even if the original statue is, of course, now in safekeeping elsewhere. Michelangelo’s David should remind us of three things which are essential for the European Union as we consider its future: First, that respect for culture, in its diversity, must be at the heart of our public discourse and our public space, of our common enterprise; Second, that the impact of our policy decisions on human beings must be foremost in our thoughts and in all our endeavours; Finally, in a contest as to future direction there is no inevitability that the Goliaths of this world will come out on top; no certainty that might will be proved right. Despite the many historic achievements in the history of our continent, many centuries of which were tarnished by war, suffering, expropriation of resources and exploitation of colonised peoples, the European Union today faces a unique opportunity and responsibility to assert, indeed where necessary reassert, its founding values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law in a world in which those values are increasingly challenged. Solidarity in Europe, the timely theme of this conference, must be, I suggest, the foundation on which our Union’s action is built. It must be the star which guides our action at home and in the wider world. We have entered a period when, for the first time in many years, the future shape of the European Union has become a matter of contestation and debate. In the shadow of Brexit and of social forces which have given rise to so much doubt across Europe, we Europeans are invited to define, through deliberation, the outlines of the European Union that we seek. Political and institutional leaders across the Union are making their contributions to that debate. The so-called Future of Europe debate has been launched because we need together to identify the significant reforms which are needed to reconnect the European Union with its citizens. If we fail in that aim, the debate would serve little purpose. In contributing to that debate, I strongly share President Macron’s view that our Union must be renewed and rebuilt from below. We may differ, however, in terms of the degree to which our assumptions about the connection between economy and society must also be changed, from the top, and down through the institutional architecture. Business as usual cannot address the challenges we face. May I suggest that we have an obligation to Europe’s history, to our people and to the wider world to examine and address those challenges, and the conversation on these issues must involve us all. Our first obligation to Europe is to understand and affirm the nature of the European Project, the nature, form and aspirations for the Union we seek to make and to explain not only what is but what might be better to our citizens. While reform should be our driving aim, if we fail to understand or recognise what is failing, the fulness of what is in need of reform, we will likely set our course in the wrong direction. We must understand Europe in all its complexity if we are to preserve and strengthen it. We must above all avoid being trapped in any single paradigm of thought. We can, for example, achieve a reworking of economic strategies by re-locating economics within culture, within a political economy. Centres of learning, such as the European University Institute, can play a necessary and valued role in developing that understanding. While many doctoral theses are written to help us to understand the European Union, I would like today to mention briefly just three points which seem to me fundamental to understanding our Union. First, we must understand the diverse roots of the European Project. One of the most morally compelling visions of European internationalism - considered as one of founding documents of European integration - emerged from the Italian resistance movement, in the manifesto composed in 1941 on the island of Ventotene by Altiero Spinelli, a member of the Italian Communist Party, and his colleagues. That is not, of course, to say that the European Union did not have other important roots reflecting other political persuasions, but it is to give the lie to any idea that in its conception the European Project was simply and exclusively about capital and markets. Indeed, while the seminal Schuman Declaration, drawn up in 1950 by the visionary Christian Democrat who gave the document its name, spoke of production it also spoke of peace, and while it spoke of modernisation and markets it also spoke of equalising and improving living conditions for workers. President Mattarella has called our attention to this in his opening address this morning. This is a breadth of vision we need today. It is a breadth of vision so many of our European citizens see us as having lost. The objectives to which the Union commits itself, which are now contained in Article 3 of the Treaty on European Union, reflect inter alia the inheritance of some of the most egalitarian and humane traditions which, although their origin is by no means confined to Europe, saw an important flourishing in Europe. The rich scholarship, philosophy, moral instinct and generous impulse that contributed to and drew on an enriched European thought yielded an impulse towards the promotion of social justice and protection, equality between men and women, solidarity between generations, economic and social cohesion and solidarity between Member States. These principles lie at the very root of the European Project and reach their fullest European expression today in the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The second point I would like to underline, with a view to our understanding of our Union, concerns our way of doing business. The European Union’s culture of accommodation, respect and compromise has been with us so long that perhaps we now take it for granted. The decision-making process of the European Union is complex, painstaking and can be frustrating. Like every human construct, it is imperfect. It makes mistakes, sometimes big mistakes. But our calm, respectful and, when we are at our best, rational way of doing business, underpinned crucially by the rule of law, should never be taken for granted on a continent which has been the scene and the source of so much suffering. It should never be taken for granted by countries which, even recently, have known dictatorship. It cannot be taken for granted by small countries which know all too well the realities of power when it is unconstrained by institutions in which all are represented and by the binding rule of law. And equally it should not be ignored by large countries which may be tempted by the illusion that in a modern world of globalised trade and finance they can go it alone. We should always strive to improve the way we work in the European Union, and be vigilant when its principles are called into question, but we should also celebrate it by giving authentic credence to its values and their sources. We must not allow those values which citizens need to be drowned out by a disconnected set of discourses from different silos, as it were, giving us ‘silo speak’ rather than ‘citizen speak’. My third point about understanding the Union goes back to a point I made at the outset namely that people, our citizens, and the citizens of the planet, must always be foremost in our thoughts and in our endeavours. It is thus imperative that we not only find better ways of explaining to people how our Union works but also better ways of learning from people what form of European Union they want. The opportunity of the current debate about the future of Europe must not be squandered. I am pleased that public debate about the future is being encouraged across so many of the Member States of the Union and that, in that context, the Irish Government has been conducting a citizens’ dialogue. We cannot and should not wish away the complexity of the European Union, but we cannot be lazy as to how we present and respect that complexity. Spectacle constructed for the media must not be allowed to replace the necessary discourse upon which our, and our citizens, future depends. Language matters. It must not impede the new economic literacy that we need. Media management cannot substitute for in-depth discussion informed by scholarship and commitment to future generations. I would like to touch briefly on one issue which has in a sense been delivered to us by special delivery rather than one we would have chosen to address, namely Brexit. I’m conscious that much of the work by our diplomats on the agenda of the Union necessarily concerns managing current challenges rather than looking ahead to reshaping our shared future. Of course, like so many of you, I regret the decision of our nearest neighbour. Although I’m conscious of the ongoing debate in the UK about some of the circumstances around the conduct of the referendum, we must accept the decision of the British people, as indeed we should accept any other democratic decision they may choose to take. I would like to pay warm tribute to the support of our European partners and of the European institutions for Ireland’s concerns in the Brexit negotiations and, in particular, for the unqualified support we have received for the maintenance of the Good Friday Agreement in all its aspects. The European Union has for several decades provided generous political and financial support for peace on our small island. It has also, over time, provided much of the wider context in which peace was possible. Few could have predicted the central and necessary role that the European Commission, with support from all our partners, would be playing today in seeking to ensure the full protection of what has been achieved in our Peace Process, in effect the maintenance of the status quo in the application of the Agreement on the island of Ireland. There could be no better example of the solidarity which is the theme of this week’s conference. Jacques Delors once said that “Europe does not just need fire-fighters, it needs architects too”. It is important therefore, as Delors implied, to take opportunities such as this conference, to raise our eyes above the road immediately ahead and shift our gaze towards the horizon, to look beyond the immediate roadblocks to consider where we are heading and whether we need to adjust our direction. There could not be a more important guiding theme for our reflections on the future of the Union this week than the theme chosen for this conference, namely solidarity. Solidarity was in the DNA of the Founders of the European Union, so when our solidarity is inadequate or lacking we call into question our very nature. Solidarity is not a possession to be stored away. It is a living impulse. It must be no mere aspiration but something of concrete achievement and policy decision to which we can point. Internal and external solidarity are necessarily linked. One of the great tasks of the next decade will be to achieve cohesiveness within the communities and between the communities of our common European home. It is only by achieving that goal – by rebuilding our capacity and willingness to work together to lead fulfilling lives in all spheres of human activity – that the Union can play the full leadership role of which it is capable in confronting the global challenges which are common to all humanity: the pressing demand for just and sustainable development; the imperative of vindicating the human rights of those fleeing war, persecution and famine; and above all the urgent necessity to address the causes of climate change and to mitigate its consequences. The most urgent task is to rebuild its internal cohesion on the principle of solidarity. I have no doubt that the European Union has within it the capacity to bring into being a new discourse that leads to a fairer, more inclusive Union. To achieve that we must, as a first step, be ready to challenge failed and failing paradigms. Let us not forget, as we meet in Florence which provides Galileo’s final resting place, that more than 400 years ago the Roman Inquisition described Galileo’s belief that the earth revolves around the sun as “foolish and absurd in philosophy and formally heretical”. Surely all of us who seek a Union capable of accomplishing these great tasks before in this century cannot rely on any failed orthodoxies, whether in thought or action. The intersection of all of these matters – climate change, migration, the role of the state and the future of our economy – has been considered in depth by scholars such as Professor Ian Gough, a former Jean Monnet Fellow at this institution. If we are ready to challenge old and unconvincing certainties, to have the open minds which real scholarship requires, then we can preserve and even strengthen the vision of the European Union. In doing that we can re-energise a model in which the peoples of other continents have placed, perhaps increasingly place, their hopes. As we consider the strengthening of European solidarity, it is essential to recognise that the Founding Treaty of the European Union, while some might wish it were so, was far from being a neoliberal charter. The Union, properly interpreted, was not envisaged to consecrate private profit over public purpose. Rather the Union was to be a bedrock of profound values and overarching rules. Above all it should be seen as a process - a context for creative and open debate between our elected Governments; a structure for framing and evolving policy through democratic and open discussion in our institutions and parliaments. It is vital that that debate and discussion be enriched by contributions from wider society, including academia. The emphasis must be on a courageous questioning untrammelled by preconceptions. In strengthening internal solidarity, it is important to recognise that the challenges we face are not just economic. They are social, political and cultural. The form of the market calls for redefinition. The market must not be accepted as an unregulated market, as end point rather than instrument. Human beings, all of our citizens, must be at the heart of our endeavours. We are, after all, the best of our moral social scholarship tells us, social beings, not simply consumers, targets, to be treated as commodities within a totalising version of an unregulated and insatiable market. The dignity of work, therefore, in all its facets and in its essence as a shared human activity, must be at the centre of the values by which we want to live. A first and urgent task must be to restore sustainable and fulfilling employment to the citizens of the European Union. There is nothing more corrosive to society and more crushing to the individual than endemic unemployment, or the insecurity and uncertainty of the vulnerability of a precariat. Unemployment in the EU has come down and we should welcome that. Yet, there are still nearly 18 million men and women without work. More shockingly, nearly 18% of our young people are unemployed, with the figure being much higher in some Member States. Where short term work has been created it is too often precarious work. We must define and create work in a way that can provide the necessary self-fulfilment and protections of the worker. We must be cautious too when we use words such as ‘populism’. Populism must not be confused with popular will. However, we must at the same time be very forthright in condemning the rise of those populists who, through the fomenting of fear, relentlessly exploit the anxieties of the vulnerable and the frustration of those who are left behind. Nothing would give more succour to abuses of such populism than for us to fail to create just and equal societies with real opportunities for participation. The European Union, given the political will, and its strong legal framework and tradition, could - if it demonstrates imagination and determination in addressing its own challenges - make a significant contribution in confronting the excessive deregulation and erosion of rights that is emerging at global level. However, to do that we need to revisit the relationship between economic and social policy in a fundamental way. While I therefore warmly welcome the convening of the Social Summit for Fair Jobs and Growth in Gothenburg in November last year which aimed at boosting growth, creating fair jobs and fostering equal opportunities, and see it as a step towards creating a strong and tangible social dimension, obviously much further progress is needed. The Summit’s recognition of the need to put people first and that employment and social progress are first and foremost created on the ground was a good starting point. It was an attempt, I would suggest, to reconnect with the project of the European social model which is rooted in our recent history and which recognises that solidarity among citizens and social cohesion are values that must be fostered and maintained – not as mere by-products of, or compensations for, as residual of a successful economy but as foundational elements of economy in their own right. Our leadership, our authenticity in terms of concern for our citizens is tested by our willingness, or lack of it, to embrace new paradigms of practice and theory, including in the economy, to emerge; our willingness to allow what is failing to be discarded, to make way for what needs to be born. The 20 principles set out in the European Pillar of Social Rights which was proclaimed by the Gothenburg Summit are a step forward and many of them point generally in the right direction. But the Union needs to go further and to start by delivering on the commitments which it has made. The principles agreed in Gothenburg indicate, for example, that everyone has a right to quality and inclusive education, training and life-long learning; that employment relationships that lead to precarious working conditions shall be prevented; and that workers have the right to fair wages that provide for a decent standard of living. Such good principles cannot be allowed to remain aspirational; if they do they will merely feed into the disillusion which is evident in so much of our society. The agreed principles must now, urgently, be transformed into principles of practice supported by Member States. Pending social legislation should be driven forward and the further necessary legislation should be tabled. This is essential if the social principles are to achieve authenticity where it matters most: on the European Street. There are, of course, other priorities on the European agenda: the completion of the single market, including the digital single market, and of the Banking Union as well as the next steps towards Economic and Monetary Union. A sufficient basis for the legitimisation of such developments depends on a prior achievement of social cohesion, and such developments must be subordinated to that aim. These priorities can only deliver their intended benefit to our citizens if located within a social vision, if put forward in the right way, can bring great benefits to our citizens. It is not for me to be prescriptive as regards the details of how to take these dossiers forward. However, it is my strong conviction that unless solidarity, within societies and between Member States is demonstrated - a very great deal more solidarity than has been demonstrated in the past - our efforts, and any short term or superficial success, will be hollow. Solidarity should also characterise the Union’s approach to the wider world. The stronger and more cohesive we can be internally the more effective a role we can play externally to that end. In speaking of the external role of the Union, we should acknowledge that the role of this continent over the centuries, as seen by much of the world, has often not been a glorious one. There is nothing essentially moral in the varying practices of Europeans or the role our members have played in history; even if, needless to say, many Europeans have made very positive contributions to our world. We need to transact our past if we are to remove the capacity of a past wrong to limit our present, curtail our future. The warm East-West relations that have been created between Ireland and its neighbours required a facing of the past on both of our parts. Surely it would be positive, let us take the relationship between European nations and Africa, that a similar clearing of the past take place, with the aim of not losing the opportunity for dialogue in the present and our joint hopes for the future. In all humility but with every confidence, our Union should take as its starting point the urgent and growing need to defend multilateralism. Multilateralism is an important form of solidarity. It provides a context in which solidarity makes sense and can have maximum effect. In a world in which insularity often seems to be taking hold, in which for some patriotism and selfishness are increasingly intertwined, in which there are those who would even beat their ploughshares back into swords, the European Union has both an opportunity and a responsibility to provide leadership on the importance of working together through agreed institutions. Resiling to the inevitability of war, abandoning the prospect of peace, reviving the literacy of democracy, bringing a new literacy of economics into being – these are choices that will, in how they are made, define the very future of multi-lateral institutions. Recently I spoke at the United Nations as to the importance of not allowing the strut of the most powerful, and the arms industry, to drown out the whispers from the gallery of the UN that yearn for peace, the elimination of poverty, freedom for minorities, respect for indigeneity. The United Nations lies at the very heart of the multilateral system. Like all human organisations, it can lay no claim to perfection. To cite just one example, the UN Security Council should become more representative of the wider international community, in particular the Global South. The UN’s weaknesses, however, are no reason to talk it down. Rather they constitute every reason for building it up. The UN remains the essential framework for the assertion of global values and provides the only global context for aspiring to the solidarity of all humanity. The European Union and its Member States must continue to work strongly in support of the United Nations with which they share not only important values but also a fundamental commitment to multilateralism as a way of doing business. The Union has an important role, through the UN and elsewhere. By working with others to defend human rights, democracy and the rule of law while avoiding hubris, and in no sense claiming perfection for ourselves, the European Union now finds itself in a context that offers leadership, a role which we should take forward, obviously with full respect for others on the one hand, but with determination on the other, offering a strong diplomacy, new mechanisms for achieving peace, avoiding the lure of the international arms industry and its advocates. The Sustainable Development Goals can be seen as a charter for global solidarity. They challenge all of us to deal with trade, debt, the environment, intellectual and spiritual freedom, as well as cultural diversity, in a spirit of justice, partnership and mutual solidarity. I am proud of the leadership role that Ireland played in the negotiation of those goals. The international community must now commit to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and to realising their full potential. The European Union carries in a sense three separate responsibilities in taking forward those goals: the responsibility of history; the responsibility of an inclusive and sustainable prosperity; and the responsibility which flows from our values, including notably the principle of solidarity. Africa offers the European Union both a particular challenge and an opportunity to bring new models of a connection between economy, ethics, and sustainable ecology into being. The Union itself and its Member States constitute the largest aid donors to the African continent. However, the Union should collectively do much more on a continent where so many still suffer from hunger but which at the same time has so much potential for the future. While the Union should continue to help to build resilient and accountable states in Africa, states which will deliver for their young populations and which in future can be strong partners with us in achieving sustainability. Europe’s willingness to transact the previous relationship with Africa with the new scholarship of contemporary Africa would be of immense assistance. The European Union should give a lead in removing the impediments to the transfer of the science and technology which Africa needs to achieve sustainability and respond to climate change. Climate change is not only an environmental challenge but also a challenge of security, development and justice – it is an existential threat to our planet. The Paris Agreement in 2015, of course, left very significant challenges ahead. However, when compared with the disappointing failures of the past, the acceptance of the scientific reality of climate change and the reflection of that reality in a universal, legally-binding agreement remains of immense significance. What is required now, first and foremost, is that all of those who made commitments must stand by them and deliver on them. The Secretary General of the United Nations, António Guterres, has rightly insisted at last year’s Climate Conference in Bonn that our duty to future generations also requires us to raise our level of ambition. The contribution of the European Union is central to what has been achieved on climate change and European leadership is now required more than ever in taking forward that achievement. In this area also, the Union’s approach must rediscover fully its founding value of solidarity. Climate justice demands that those countries and peoples who have least contributed to the problem of climate change should not be expected to pay the highest price to resolve it. Priority should therefore be given to accelerating support to the Least Developed Countries including the mobilisation of the necessary resources. Perhaps the greatest current challenge which the Union faces in terms of solidarity relates to migrants. As Pope Francis has reminded us, “migrants and refugees are not pawns on the chessboard of humanity”. The New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants delivered a strong message of solidarity and contains detailed commitments which, if implemented, would ensure a more humane, dignified and compassionate response by the international community to the plight of refugees and migrants. I’m pleased that Ireland played an important role as co-facilitator of that Declaration. However, the consequences of the continued failure to transform into effective action the promises which have been made are often evident and sometimes tragic. I would like, as others have done, to pay strong tribute to Italy for the leadership role it has played in recent years in saving the lives of migrants crossing the Mediterranean to escape extreme poverty, hunger, conflict, and ethnic cleansing; people seeking in Europe a better life for themselves and for their families, as Europeans have sought a better life abroad in centuries past. I’m pleased that the Irish Naval Service has been able to provide some support to Italy’s efforts. Clearly the issue of migration in the Union is complex and sensitive, not least because of the threat of significant forces in our societies today which seek to exploit people’s fears and to use opportunities to direct those fears against those whom they portray as different from ourselves. This should not make us hesitate from providing the new institutional, including financial, arrangements appropriate for a collective response. Let me say in conclusion that I believe we should remain committed to the European vision and to the potential for the founding principles of the European Union to provide the foundations of a renewed and strengthened Union. To make that possible, we need a creative and courageous vision at this crucial moment in the history of our continent. I believe that what is required, as the timely theme of this week’s conference so rightly implies, is for us to rediscover the enabling and inspiring principle of solidarity, solidarity within the Union and solidarity with the wider world. If I may, I will conclude by returning to Michelangelo who once observed that:- “every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it”. We are in a sense the sculptors of this European generation, still working on a block of valuable marble which has been passed down to us from the founding fathers of the European Union. If solidarity remains our guiding principle, I have no doubt that our European future, the outlines of which we can see but much of which remains to be discovered by our own chisels, will be a source pride for ourselves and an object of admiration for others. Go raibh maith agaibh, thank you.

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Marion Reed was interviewed by Mary Giles on November 11, 1976. She spoke of her experiences with Fall River’s Native Americans, her childhood, and her time teaching. I’m eager to learn all I can about Marion Reed’s life here in North Westport, about her work as a teacher, and about her travels. I was born in Fall River on the Fall River side of Blossom Road. At that time, my father was about to become superintendent of the reservation; the Watuppa Waterworks is what I mean by reservation. The Indian Reservation there is separate. It’s on Watuppa Pond Road and it’s due to a grant of 100 acres of land near the shore of Watuppa Pond. The D.A.R. put up a plaque. You go up Blossom Road and down Indian Town Road just about one-quarter mile. The plaque has been stolen and the D.A.R. can’t afford to put up another one. There’s an Indian Cemetery there, and I think the Reservation men keep it fairly clear. When I was a little girl, I used to go down there and pick walnuts. You go way down near the pond. I think there’s some sort of a rustic wooden fence. It might be a stonewall, I forget, and there are a lot of headstones. There was a Perry buried there. He was an Indian and a Revolutionary War hero. That’s why the D.A.R. put the plaque up, not for the Indians. He was of Indian descent and there are Perrys now on the 100 acres that was given them in exchange for the land by the pond. There’s one girl, she’s the granddaughter of the old Indian lady that I remember. She’s the last one. She works in the State House in Boston in the Customs Department or something like that. Her name is Violet and she’s married to a fellow more Negro than Indian. Her name was Perry, her mother was Valerine Perry. There were five children. Two of her brothers were named Paul and Victor. Paul worked on the Reservation. I used to see Paul’s father skating on the north pond when they allowed it. He’d jump over a pair of oxen. Paul was tall and Indian-like in appearance, but Victor wasn’t. He used to walk to Plymouth from here on the King’s Highway. I’m still wondering what’s going to happen to that 100 acres. They’ve had such a problem up at Mashpee…we’ve had a few problems too, and it cost us a lot legally. We lost a few good clients for an antique business and some other investors because of that land. Well anyway, they have a right to cut wood, fish and hunt on the land. There’s just this Perry family here now, and Mrs. Perry would be the grandmother to this Violet. There was a sister, Valerine, who kept house for this distinguished lady in Fall River, who was on the School Committee. The old Indian grandmother, whom I just barely remember, was called ‘the medicine woman.’ She was more Indian than her husband. He was some half-breed. I think he had died when he came over here, and there was just old Mrs. Perry and the four sons. They’d be eight or ten years older than I am. The City of Fall River gave them a fairly nice farm house when they exchanged this land. It was a Pretty farmhouse, and they lived as nice as anyone does nowadays. Violet’s an educated girl. I remember her brother, Victor, coming to our church once or twice when we had something like an anniversary. He was a little drunk each time he came, he wouldn’t have the courage (otherwise), and everybody over here accepted the Perrys. He had that dedication. I don’t think Violet, well, she was working in Boston, but her mother came. We had a nice little reception. They had an Indian from Gay Head. Mrs. Waldo Sherman arranged it. I’ve got the clippings from the papers upstairs. This is a Congregational Church. This church over here at Brownell’s Corner wasn’t originally a Congregational Church. It was a Christian Church. There was a Dan Hicks, Elder Dan Hicks, who was a Circuit Rider, and he started these little churches. In those days, they needed them within horse and buggy riding distance. Another one was the Hixville Congregational, which was at the end of this road in Dartmouth. He started the Second Christian Church that the Historical Society uses, and Brownell’s was the Fourth Christian. We were the first in North Westport. Our Church had its 120th anniversary. Some of the others are ten or twelve years older, and there is quite a large one in Fall River. They weren’t really affiliated. They then merged with the Congregational. Then we became the First Christian Congregational Church of North Westport. It’s been only thirty or forty years we’ve been the Christian Congregational. Our facilities were poor, the place needed painting, and we didn’t have room, so we tried to merge and, of course, when you do anything like that, you make ill will among some people. Some people, well, right up to the day of the voting, I thought they were all with us. Through the Congregational Board, we hope to get the assets of the Second Christian. We voted, and that night we lost the two-thirds vote by six votes. I’ve always felt very bitter. I shouldn’t. There were people whom I thought were very good friends of mine, they went and got relatives from New Jersey and from Wareham, who hadn’t been here for years to come up, and vote, because they were still on the Board. I have several friends down there who were for the merger, but when it didn’t go over, like Mrs. Roby Burt and Mrs. Tillson, and my friend, Hazel Tripp, who taught with me, and Mr. Gracia Zembo, it split families. Freida Tripp goes down there, but her sons come to our church. I’m not proud of our new building for looks. It’s just functional. We hope to put a spire on it. Inside our church, on Route 177, is very attractive. We were most fortunate. We got two beautiful stained glass windows from a Lutheran Church in New Bedford. One is ‘I stand at the door and knock.’ When I was in England, I saw that at Westminster. And, one day our minister gave a sermon on it. He’s supposed to give me a copy of his notes, because I want to put it in the record. He tells about the original. I think the artist was Holbein, but I can’t remember. And, inside it’s very nice. We had to build it on two levels to save money. We have nice Sunday School rooms and a Parish Room downstairs. We only have about one hundred and six or seven book members, and some of them are quite old. We have quite a few that don’t come regularly. Three or four of our best families do not come, although they contribute generously. Brightman is our treasurer, but he has a business in Fall River that just has to be open on Sunday. Mr. Gracia and his family, they don’t come. If we have around fifty, that’s it. We don’t get the summer people. We’re a little too far up. I want to change the subject and find out about when you came to Westport. Well, I was only about twelve when we came. I went to Durfee High School in Fall River, but you see, I lived on Blossom Road. The church was all Westporters, but about a mile up the road from the church, Fall River begins. When I was young, I loved to ride a bicycle and pick blueberries. I love nature and I belonged to the Camp Fire Girls in Fall River, and I kept it up. I always went to Camp Fire and we had some very good leaders. Virginia Charlton of the Charlton Estate was one of ours, and we camped down there. We had good leaders and nice activities in Camp Fire. I liked hiking and bicycling, and I loved the woods. My father taught me a lot about nature study. When I got to high school, I learned to cook. I was the oldest of four girls, and when we got home from school, I cooked. The church was the main thing (for social activities). There was a Village Improvement Society here, and they had banquets about once a month, and to get to wait on tables for that was a thrill. Now you can’t get waitresses. We had a social at the church. I belonged to a Young People’s Group. We had dances, but I’m very, very awkward. I love to see people dance. The Grange had square dances. I love to watch. I didn’t dance too much myself. Until World War II came and people couldn’t get gas, this was a very thriving Grange. Then, people got older and people had more activities, bowing, etc. I liked to read a lot. When I was in Girl Scouts, we would read ten biographies for badges, and for homemaking, you would preserve something. And, we’d have to clean a chicken. My husband died when the children were nine and eleven. We lived down here where the 195 (highway) is. Children from school used to come down here on their bicycles, and when the children came home, they told me about these English boys from the city, and they brought them home and they wanted to make pigeon pie and they wanted to shoot. Their father was not well, but he said, ‘If you want, I’ll make a pigeon pie for you.’ After Durfee High School, I took a two and a half year course to learn to teach, and when I got out, I went to Kingston, Rhode Island. I taught in the village school, and I boarded with one of the professors, and tutored another professor’s little girl. My husband’s father had a horse stable, and sales place in the Post Office at the Narrows, back of where White’s (restaurant) is. My husband’s grandfather sold horses. He did teaming and trucking. He built John Reed Road, and then the Reed Road over in Dartmouth was some of his (work). They move an old school from Dartmouth to the Narrows, and when my husband’s father got married, they had the downstairs for the store and the living upstairs. I’ve heard my mother-in-law tell how she’d go out on the shed roof upstairs and shot ducks from that roof. The Westport farmers would bring all their turnips and Mr. Reed was like a promoter. He would arrange for a carload to go to Providence or Boston. Then he had cows, sold cows, and sold horses. He had no farm. I was in a bad accident before I knew my husband very well. They had a fellow train horses and this horse had never been in a harness. We were in a two-wheeled gig, and this horse came right on top and killed our horse. The fellow lost control. It was a big draft horse from the West. Sometimes we used to go in a wagon to the trolley car, and we got off and rode on the trolley to school (Fall River). Some days, coming home late from ‘activities,’ I’d stop at the store (at the Narrows) and buy gingersnaps or bananas to eat on the walk home. My future husband, who was going to Bradford Durfee Textile School (later went into the Navy), was six years older than I. My mother thought it was just a schoolgirl crush, that when I went to college, we’d write. I know when I’d come home, well, his father had nice horses, and we’d like to take them out. In those days, they’d take the order for the grain and things like that, in the morning. They’d only have a horse and buggy maybe, but in the afternoon; they would have a dray with all the things. So, lots of times, my husband would come with the horse and buggy and take me out for a ride. It was a real old buggy, not a surrey. I can remember Mr. Frank Pettey, whose son was married to one of the Blossom girls; he would pick us up Sundays in his beautiful old carryall. It was a four-seated buggy, all upholstered nicely. Most everybody over here had one of those for Sunday. We had a two-wheeled gig. You had to get in from the back, and you had to step over and turn around. I was always afraid of animals. If there were geese on the road, I’d turn around and come back home. Up on Davis Road, I’d see foxes and deer. A few years ago, they had some land bulldozed off to square up a field, and Henry Sampson found quite a few artifacts. When they made the auto theatre, the deer used to run through there. There was like a path. I like to see animals in the woods, but that horse, it frightened me. I never liked cats or dogs to touch. When I went to school, my study was of elementary education. Much later, when my youngest son was married, I decided I was going to take a year’s leave of absence from teaching to travel, but when I went to the doctor for a checkup, he said, ‘You’re not going to travel; you’re going to the hospital for an operation.’ So the next year I took the year’s leave. I had written out to Washington, Wyoming and Arizona for bulletins. I wanted to make it a pleasure trip as well as school. I went to Wyoming. They had weekend trips, and in the summer, weeklong trips to Bryce Canyon or something like that. I enrolled then and went to summer school, and I had told Miss Audrey Tripp, who was the supervisor then, that if I liked it, I’d stay out there for a year. I’d been teaching at the North Westport School, which is no more; then in a school that is now the American Legion Hall, and one that is now Gerry Grondin’s furniture store; at the Factory School, now a gift shop, and I taught at Greenwood Park. Most of the schools were two-room schools. They didn’t have names. My sister-in-law taught at South Westport on Horseneck Road in the little school that’s going to ruins now. The Bell School we call Alumni Hall. I remember substituting for Gladys Kirby, who wrote a little history of Westport. She taught seventh and eighth grades, and was a wonderful teacher for those who wanted to learn. She couldn’t tolerate non-learners, and we had a lot of them. She was a very biased person when it came to being nice to children who needed some affection, some of the Portuguese children with no background. She was like someone else whom I like very much, whom I have heard say, ‘Surely you don’t invite people who don’t really have a Yankee background?’ There’s an element of North Westport that’s really trash. My father-in-law sold little house lots that was just rock piles, and nothing to people who came over from Fall River, mostly Polish, some French. The same way up at the top of Sanford Road on the side streets, there people would buy these lots and would only pay $50 down. The Depression came and a lot of these people up on Sanford Road, Milk Avenue, Bower – they’re pretty bad through there. When the Depression came, these people from Fall River, who had little gardens there, enlarged their tool sheds and came and lived in shacks off Sanford Road. When I taught at the North Westport School, we had the most poverty stricken pupils. When the Traffords and the Lewises had the factory, they had those factory houses and they were rather nice. When that (the factory) went out of existence, some of the people could afford to buy the houses, but there’s kind of a rough element in there. Yes the factory gave them Union Church and the money to help it our each year. It’s nondenominational. I used to help with the young people when George Young was minister there. We had a nice group. I’d chaperone. We’d have Union Christmas and Halloween parties, nice groups. Then that church, well these people, I call them ‘way out,’ came and got them involved in Bible Study, and they’re not my line of thinking. They don’t believe in dancing or cards. Calvary Baptist, that’s it, right up o the State Road. They soon had quite a split; some went over to Hixville because they didn’t believe in the way the money was spent. They believe in tithing. Churches have changed. Well, right in Fall River, we had a very liberal Baptist Church, and then we have another that’s ‘hard shelled.’ Right in Fall River there’s a definite split between liberal and conservative Baptists. You asked me about Wyoming. After that summer, I thought I’d want to stay there at Laramie. I had a hard time finding a house, but I stayed. My principal, and the other teachers, had horses, and this Indian girl, well, she would buy a steer; they had eight or ten of them, so they would close the school on round-up day when the train came through. They’d put temporary chutes in the corals, and they would brand the cattle and send them to sell. We would go in town to Lander, where there was just a store and café. Then, I went to another town in Wyoming, which was a very wealthy place. They came to school in Levis and big Stetson hats and drove Cadillac’s. I came home for vacation and I had a year’s leave of absence. My sister came home. Well, I was bored. I found I couldn’t rely on substitute work, and I found I could enroll in Rhode Island College, so I went back to school in the summer, and with some extension courses, I got my Bachelor’s Degree. I was still in elementary education. For eight years I did remedial reading at the Macomber School. I’ve always wanted to travel. Well, I’m 74, and through one of the teacher’s bulletins, I found out about this tour that was going to be taken. I didn’t think I could go with so many of them, but I went on one of those grand tours of six countries. We went to England, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. That was about thirteen years ago. When I retired, Ella Philpot and I went to Hawaii. Ella is very good at photography. Then I came back and Mrs. Sanberg, who lives near the Infirmary, and I went to Portugal and Madeira, and my sister and I went to the Scandinavian countries. I get homesick when I’m away long, so I come home and don’t go as long as my sister goes. On a tour that was cheaper, after September, I went to Portugal and the Azores. On another, we went to England and Scotland and Wales. Isabel (Sanberg) has all kinds of travel magazines, and she’s traveled all around the world. Compared to me, I think Blanche Brackett’s been a lot. I think she limits it more or less to England. When we went to England, Scotland and Wales, we didn’t stay in deluxe places. We stayed in more English-type inns. This was on an English tour. Then, last year, we went to Greece. That’s where Isabel fell and hurt her hand. This spring we went to Vienna. We went to the Opera House and saw ‘Madame Butterfly.’ It (the tour) was just a week. I don’t want to go on any more long trips. I get too tired. On, I forgot to tell you, I went to Africa two or maybe three years ago. My nephew’s thesis was about the impact of the Quakers on Africa, and he went back to Africa and taught at the University of Nairobi in Kenya. His mother was very anxious to see him, so we joined an Africa Cultural Society to get charter rates to Africa. It was very had for my sister. We stayed three days in London, coming and going to rest up and not have jet lag. The theatre in London wasn’t so good that time. There’s a Veterans group in Fall River we go to the opera with. Anne Archambault and Marie (Carder) and Isabel and I all go. Well, we went to Africa, and we were on the plane for sixteen to twenty hours. We stayed with my nephew, who had a wonderful houseboy, Peter, who made the most beautiful bread and cookies. We went to tea plantations and parks. I don’t care for Africa. It’s dusty and dry, and the roads…. Tell me more about the roads in North Westport when you were young. They weren’t paved. I can remember when this road down where the Old Wordell Cemetery is, was so bad that even in a horse and wagon, we’d get stuck. When I taught down at the Point, I’d take the streetcar over to the Factory and meet Catherine Trafford, and we’d go in her car over to the High School (now the Milton E. Earle School). Catherine married Milton Earle. She taught French at the High School. We’d get on the regular bus that started dwon at the little store at the Point (now Point Market). The store was across from one called Charles Gifford’s. He had that. We’d go on the school bus to the Point, where I was substituting for a little while. In those days, there were only twenty or twenty-five children at the Point School. Back to my marriage. I was married at home in a house, which burned six or seven years ago. That was almost identical to the Pettys’ up on Blossom Road. George Pettey, who was an old bachelor, a cousin to Mrs. Sampson, died and left a million dollars. This surprised everybody. It was a great big old house. After his sister died, he only lived in about two rooms. Mr. Crapo and Mr. Pettey had built their houses with native lumber. We had great big double parlors. For the wedding, we decorated with native wild flowers. We had cooked six or so chickens and had chicken salad and homemade ice cream and cake, and coffee and punch. My sister played the piano. Our minister was a cousin to Lizzie Borden. She left him $2,000. My husband’s father hired a Hudson car for us to go away with. We didn’t have a car. Unfortunately, the week I was married, my mother took sick, so we just went over to the New Bedford Hotel and then a friend with a cottage at Horseneck, loaned that to us, and we just went over and stayed at Horseneck. It was before the schools were out for the summer. It was too cold to go in the water. My husband, of course, went fishing, and we stayed down there, and I’d come up to the hospital and see my mother. She came out of it, but it was kind of a sad time in some ways. My husband’s mother was a Borden from the Borden Homestead up on the hill, so we had all the Bordens to the wedding. The Borden Homestead on the hill? Well, there were Mildred Borden and Jonathan and Rupert and Christopher. Rupert owned the mansard-roofed house. I don’t know what’s there now; it used to be a beverage company. They owned where the Auto Theatre is now. The Borden Homestead is up on the hill at Sanford Road. There used to be a sign up, ‘The Homestead.’ She used to take tourists. Well, that house, staying in the same place, was, they say, once in Tiverton, once in Fall River and now in Westport. The boundary lines kept changing. It’s a real nice old house with two parlors. The Bordens, Petteys, Wordells were all old Westport families from way back. Mr. Waldo Sherman, who has died, he knew all about this house. He had this book, which was privately printed, about everybody on Blossom Road. It’s in the Fall River Library, a paper covered book. It tells how this Gersham Wordell was granted land from an Indian (Punkatees). They spelled it ‘Wodell’ then. It (the land) went all the way to the Watuppa. Clara Lockhart, who’s about 92 and lives in Fall River, is a descendent of the early Petteys. They’re not related to the Sodom Road Petteys. When Mr. Sampson, the potato farmer on Blossom Road, went out West to get an idea of Western farming, he visited various cousins. Quite a few of them were Tripps. Then, he went out to Iowa. Just this fall, I had a letter from this old cousin, who had tried to write a genealogy of the Tripps. They are another branch. I imagine that Mark Gifford of Horseneck Road would be related to Alice’s cousin, Charles T. Gifford, who was on the School Committee. When you’re going down toward Westport Point, before you get to the Almy farm (Horseneck Road), there’s a Charles T. Gifford, and I think he’s related to that Mark Gifford. This Gersham Wordell was accused of murdering his second wife, and he was acquitted, and he had this book privately printed, and he wrote a lot about the scandals of Blossom Road (for revenge). There were two other names, and I know one woman spent her life in the insane asylum, because she’d been accused of poisoning her husband. I can remember when she died. Then there was an Abnell Snell, who was married into the Petteys, who told of certain families of whom were a drunkard, and another horse thief. This man was quite a philosopher. He acknowledged his faults. He’d had a rough life. He didn’t accept his responsibilities. He became an atheist. This book, telling all this scandal, will go into the State Historical Society. Its Eli Wordell, a friend of my mother, had a copy. Waldo Sherman’s cousin had a copy. The Fall River Historical Society is in a delightful old building. It was moved, stone by stone, and it has the most beautiful wrought iron fence. There are three floors. They have a nice collection. They have costumes and jewelry and lovely glassware on the second floor. It’s like a home. They have quite interesting meetings. It’s on Rock Street, north of the Durfee High School. Mrs. Gifford (Curator) used to be a little upset because everyone who went there, first thing they asked about was Lizzie Borden. The dining room is round with beautiful, old black walnut doors. They have costumes, lovely glassware and children’s toys on the second floor. It’s like a home, and when we have our meetings, we have coffee in the dining room. Our meetings are in the evening. We don’t have them too regularly. I didn’t go the last one. They were going to have the auctioneer for Dr. Hadfield’s estate (as speaker). I know him because he went to church in Fall River where I did. It’s (Fall River Historical Society) open ‘til 4:30 most days.

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Sanjay Tickoo remembers it well. It was a warm summer’s day in 1990, when he found a poster pasted to the outside wall of his home in Srinagar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir. It was written in Urdu, which Sanjay could not read, so he took it to his grandfather and asked him to translate it. “As he read it out to us, tears rolled down his cheeks … it basically instructed our family to leave the valley or die,” Tickoo tells me as we sit in a café at the foot of Jhelum River in Srinagar. But, unlike the estimated 100,000 Hindus from the valley – known as Kashmiri Pandits – who embarked on a mass migration south to Jammu following the start of the insurgency against Indian rule in 1989, Tickoo’s family refused to leave. Instead, Tickoo, who was in his early twenties at the time, decided to take the threat to the local newspaper, where he paid for it to be placed as an advertisement in the classifieds section. “It was published on the back page. I wish I still had a copy, but they published it as is,” he recalls. No sooner had it been published, than shocked Muslim neighbours and friends congregated at Tickoo’s home, apologising for the misdeed and promising that his family faced no threat. They urged him not to leave. A question of numbers The Hindu minority in Muslim majority Kashmir shrank from an estimated 140,000 in the late 1980s to 19,865 by 1998. Today, Tickoo says there are fewer than 3,400 Pandits in Kashmir. Others say the number is around 2,700. But Tickoo, who now heads up the KPSS, an organisation that looks after the affairs of the Pandits who remain in Kashmir, says that the plight of the community is complex. On the one hand, he says, the community did experience intimidation and violence, which culminated in four massacres in the past 20 years. But, on the other, he says, there was no genocide or mass murder as suggested by Pandit communities based outside Kashmir. “Over the past 20 years, we estimate that 650 Pandits were killed in the valley,” Tickoo says, adding: “The figures of 3,000 to 4,000 killings [as suggested by some Pandit organisations] is propaganda, which we reject.” “Not that 650 is a low number, because even one killing should be not ignored, but we must get the numbers right.” While Tickoo’s organisation says that 399 Pandits were killed between 1999 and 2008, and 650 in total, this pales in comparison with those estimates that put the figure at 3,000, but exceeds the state’s suggestion that 219 were killed between 1990 and 2008. But collating the numbers, or even unravelling the language of migration and exodus, is part of the historical ambiguity that surrounds the Pandits’ flight from the valley. And it has been made all the harder by the fact that Pandits outside Kashmir have dominated the narrative, while those inside have remained largely silent. On the subject of how many Pandits fled Kashmir, Mridu Rai, a lecturer in Indian Studies at Trinity College, Dublin writes in Until My Freedom Has Come that the figure of 700,000 put forward by Panun Kashmir (Our own Kashmir), a group advocating a homeland for Kashmiri Pandits, “refers to a much larger collection of Pandits who had departed [from Kashmir] at different times over the centuries”. Rai adds that the language used by Pandits who left the valley – ‘exodus’ or ‘in exile’ – serves as “an indictment of the Indian state for not protecting them within their homeland and then for neglecting them outside it”. These terms also, Rai contends, create a single narrative of victimhood, when, in fact, it is difficult to ascertain why individual Pandits left Kashmir. While Tickoo dismisses claims that Pandits were ‘ethnically cleansed’, he says that relations between the two communities did sour when the insurgency began. He says people left because they felt threatened. “I am not saying that [Kashmiri Pandits and Muslims] were brothers in arms, living in each other’s homes or something before 1989. Yes, there was an unmistakable tolerance and respect for each other … violence was unheard of … but it would be a lie to say something did not change when the trouble started.” From hateful slogans that blared from the loudspeakers of mosques to comments whispered on the streets, Tickoo says there was a sudden change in attitude towards Hindus. And these shifting sentiments were used by politicians on both sides, helping to stoke fear among the Hindu minority. “Until today, we don’t know who posted that threat on my wall,” Tickoo says. Surrounded in myth Fifty-one-year-old Motilal Bhat, the president of the Pandit Hindu Welfare Society, formed in the mid-1990s to rebuild relations between Pandits and Muslims, says the early 1990s was a time when myth-making prevailed. “[Those who left] thought they would be gone for three or four months, and that they would return when things improved … no one expected to stay there for years … Kashmir had always been a peaceful state,” explains the softly-spoken headmaster. He rejects the figures presented by the KPSS and says most of the killings took place after the mass migration. “I think the government’s figures are correct,” Bhat says. “I reject this figure of 650 [and] even the figure 399. This community was made up of small numbers by proportion and, yes, we had around 600,000 to 700,000 people, but maximum people left around 1990/1991 – and major killings took place after 1991.” He says both communities displayed a great deal of chauvinism. “There was a strange perception at the time which saw the KPs [Kashmiri Pandits] thinking that no matter what they would be protected by the Indian army, while the KMs [Kashmiri Muslims] thought that if anything happened to them, the entire Muslim world would come to their rescue. “As we have now seen, both were shown to be wrong,” he adds matter-of-factly. Bhat says that people soon realised – whatever their political persuasion or sympathies – that they were at the mercy of both the security forces and the separatists. He contends that Kashmiri Muslims, who he says “regretted” the departure of the Pandits, were too slow to react. “It was too late, and people had already left … they should have come forward to the minority. It is the moral duty of the majority to look after the minority and include them … if you are in a minority you face a psychological threat, a vulnerability.” He says the Pandits who stayed behind were sometimes treated with distrust. “The question on everyone’s mind at the time was: If all the Pandits have left, then why are you still here? [Consequently] both sides often saw us [Pandits] as informers. We suffered intimidation from both sides.” It is a sentiment Suman Vikash Bhat, a 33-year-old assistant professor of Microbiology at Islamic University of Science and Technology, situated at the foothills of a range of mountains some 28km outside Srinagar, shares. He says that during the 1990s, when militancy was at its peak, it was common for the army to take out their frustrations when soldiers were killed on the civilian population, irrespective of religion. As a community, Kashmiri Pandits were not spared the indiscriminate crackdowns and violence meted out to Kashmiri Muslims. “They would often respond by beating civilians and there was a lot of these crackdowns where people would be gathered … for sure they would give us ordinary people a thrashing,” Suman Bhat says. “They used to sometimes pick people up … both sides did so … but there were also good and bad people on both sides.” Suman Bhat says he remembers the late 1980s and early 1990s vividly – the curfews, the crackdowns and, crucially, his Hindu relatives leaving. “It was easy to feel insecure,” he reminisces, “the newspapers at the time were full of stories of violence and as we watched the militancy or terrorism or whatever you want to call it increasing, [teamed] with the fact that people were being killed, it was only natural [that] the community became insecure.” But he says that his family’s relations with Kashmiri Muslims made them feel confident that they were not under threat. “My father is a renowned teacher and his Muslim friends urged him not to leave.” When he moved to Pune in India to study in the late 1990s, however, he began to worry more about his family’s safety. “We would hear about violence in Kashmir on the television or in the papers and often I could not sleep until I got hold of my parents and found out that they were okay,” he says. Caught in the flood So, why did some Pandits choose to stay? Suman Bhat offers two reasons. “We did not migrate because we were not financially well off and we thought that it would be difficult to survive in Jammu. My father had invested almost all his money in land and property here. “The other reason is that my father’s Muslim friends refused to let him leave; we were told that ‘we will die, but we won’t allow you to go’.” Even now that he is armed with a PhD from Bhaba Atomic Research Centre in Mumbai, one of India’s premier science institutes, which could land him a top job in any city in the country, Bhat chooses to remain in the valley. “I returned in 2010 to Kashmir to find that my father was ill; and I could have taken him to Mumbai for treatment, but he is a man of [the soil] and a man of principal. It would have been a punishment to take him away from Kashmir … he loves Kashmir a lot, and so do I, and even I do not want to get away from this place.” But even those who remained behind have a story to tell, Motilal Bhat says. “Everyone has a story to tell, everyone suffered … the violence came like a flood … and in a flood, everyone suffers.” His sister was killed in one of the three notable massacres targeting the Pandit community. The first, in Sangrampora in 1997, resulted in the deaths of seven Pandits, then in 1998, 18 were killed in Wandhama, and in 2001, five people were killed in Anantnag, including Motilal Bhat’s younger sister. One evening, unidentified gunmen – local parlance for killings no one takes responsibility for – came into his sister’s home in the southern district of Anantnag, ransacked the house and shot indiscriminately. A bullet hit his sister’s heart and “she died on the spot … three other Sikh girls were killed in the incident”. He says the loss of his sister hurt him deeply and he cursed himself for staying in Kashmir. “But finally I thought it was destiny and we have to continue working for a better future.” Return to Kashmir Unlike Tickoo, Motilal Bhat and Suman Bhat, Poshkaranth Ganju, 65, from the Baramullah district in northern Kashmir, moved to Jammu in late 1990. He decided to leave after his brother was shot. “[The] bullet brushed his neck and he survived but we left for Jammu, because of the chaos here …. We Pandits are a peace loving people and we thought it was best to preserve our life,” he says. But Ganju’s family, who had run a textile business in Baramullah for three generations, found it difficult to adjust to Jammu’s climate or to maintain the same standard of living they had grown accustomed to in the valley. So, along with 20 other families, they returned in 1996 – six years after leaving. On their return, the family found their house burned down, but their shop and its contents untouched. They also discovered that their neighbours were willing to pay 1996 prices for moth eaten textiles that had been lying in their shop since they fled in 1990. “We came back to conduct business, and the Muslim welcome convinced us that we were safe here … though there was a grenade attack outside the shop shortly after our return. We found out later that this was from a rival business competitor and had nothing to do with us being Pandits.” Ganju says that back then there was little government support for those who wanted to return and that even the community in Jammu voiced opposition. “Families in Jammu told us not to come, but we told them that our Muslim brothers had welcomed us to come and so we felt confident to return, and so we thought that if the business would run smoothly, we’d stay, else we would return [to Jammu],” he says, adding: “Most of the families in Jammu still imagined Kashmir as if it was still the lawlessness of 1990.” But Tickoo says that Ganju’s story is a unique one because living in a temple complex in Baramullah offered the family state protection. “Pandits in the villages did not receive special security from the state, remember that,” he says. Motilal Bhat says that in the early 1990s those who remained were vilified by those who had left – they “felt betrayed by the families who stayed behind” as if their continued presence in the valley undermined the experiences of those who had fled to difficult conditions in Jammu. “Why people remained when [there was] so much pain and in spite of [the fact that] many left is a difficult question to answer,” Tickoo says with a faint smile. “Some will tell you that they could not afford moving to start a new life, others will tell you they are of the soil, that this is their motherland and they refuse to leave, and perhaps others will say something else … but does this then mean that Kashmir meant anything less for those who left?” Tickoo asks rhetorically. “Does it mean they feel no connection or their roots are not here? We are perhaps unable to answer why we are here … we are just here,” he concludes. Motilal Bhat explains: “For those of us who remained … we thought we’d watch events play out and then take it on a week to week basis. But these became months and then years.” But it was not easy, says Maharaj Krishan Pandita, who is in his sixties. Two of the government telecommunications officer’s cousins were killed in the violence and his brother was shot (but survived) during the 1997 massacre in Sangrampora. He says he witnessed the direct intervention of the state through forced removals under the guise of a ‘security threat’. “People were forced to move from their village and farmers who had to move suffered greatly after the massacre, but since I had a job in Srinagar and my family could move with me [there], it was manageable for us, but not for others. “The one good thing I can commend the armed forces [for] was that in this case, they didn’t move people to Jammu, they just moved people to another locality in the same district … but we did lose everything.” Monica Pandita, 22, one of Maharaj Pandita’s daughters, says she vaguely recalls the events of 1997, when her mother and sisters had to move from the village to Srinagar after the massacre in their district, but rarely thinks about it. “All I remember is moving to my new school and nobody believing that I was a Pandit because my name is Monica,” she laughs. “We [Pandits] are like a wonder here,” she says, conceding that she has no Pandit friends and adding “but it is not a problem for me”. But her playfulness barely disguises a deep-seated concern that as the community shrinks, Kashmiri Pandits may soon have to face the fact that they are becoming increasingly alienated from those that left the valley. Tickoo says that despite the cultural symmetry with Muslims in Kashmir, very little epitomises their position better than the difficulty of finding suitable marriage partners within the community. Marriage is, of course, the Achilles’ heel of religious tolerance in South Asia. And Tickoo contends that with only 625 youth among the remaining Pandits, the issue is growing increasingly severe. He says there is still a stigma attached to the children of the Pandit community who have been raised under the turmoil of the past two decades. And it is the women who bear the brunt of the burden. “On one hand, they [Pandits from outside Kashmir] are afraid to send their daughters here, while on the other, they say things like our daughters’ chastity have been torn by Muslim men,” Tickoo says candidly. “It is the kind of ostracization that serves no purpose … so you find more and more are marrying outside the Pandit community as a result,” he explains. India, Pakistan or Azadi? But stuck between majority Muslim sentiment and an indifferent Pandit community in exile, what would be the best scenario for the Pandit community in resolving the Kashmir conflict, I ask Motilal Bhat. “I think the leaning is definitely towards India,” he tells me. “People want a better life, and joining India makes sense. A lot of this has always been about power and money, and people realise they cannot be isolated [forever].” Motilal says Kashmir is changing. “The youngsters who are outside, they are mixing with the world and undergoing a different process. But if they [the authorities] had to go for a census, people have since lost their inclination for Pakistan … and people will show the tendency towards India.” Suman Bhat agrees. He says that despite their sense of comfort with their Muslim brethren, Pandits would feel insecure if they were separated from the Indian state. He adds that that insecurity might be unjustified because Islam is inclusive, but like all great ideas, practice can often differ from theory. “Most of the Pandits would love that Kashmir would stay with India, as a state of India, because there is [still] some insecurity … you know living here, one realises that what Islam preaches and how people sometimes live, can be quite different.” However he adds that religious insecurity is but one aspect and insists that there “are serious practical issues like economy, resources and political clout to consider”. “If we are an independent Kashmir, will we be able to sustain ourselves? Do we have the infrastructure considering that industries aren’t developed here?” Tickoo disagrees and says self-determination is at the top of his list of priorities. “I am a staunch Indian and we have a big relation [with India] but my identity is because of Kashmir, my identity is because of Jhelum,” he says, gesturing at the murky green river behind us. “My identity is not because of Jammu, USA, Rajasthan or Delhi … I’m proudly saying that I am a Kashmiri, and a Kashmiri Pandit,” he continues. Tickoo says that if his political and social identity and rights could be guaranteed under majority rule, he would favour an independent Kashmir, but if he could only choose between India and Pakistan, he would most definitely choose India. It is a sentiment loosely corroborated by Monica, who despite harbouring thoughts of joining the Indian army, says that being able to decide their future is paramount for Kashmiris. A separate Pandit state? Motilal Bhat suggests that the decision to join India would be a practical one which has little to do with denying the distinctness of Kashmir. And, crucially, part of that heritage affirms that the idea of a separate homeland for Pandits is out of the question. “You cannot differentiate a Pandit from a Muslim, culturally. Even in names of people, we often have [the] same names, [the] same sense of identity, style of living, and other things. And this is apart from India and the rest of the world. You can imagine that after a period of 22 years from migration, a Kashmiri Pandit living in Jammu is still totally different to a Jammu resident. “You might have even heard it from a Kashmiri Muslim that their ancestors were Kashmiri Pandits. Any scholar would confirm that to you. They might have embraced Islam in whatever way they chose. How this happened is not the point – the point is that we belong to a single community … and we cannot live without each other. “I’ve made it clear that it is not possible to live without Muslims. We depend on them and they depend on us,” he says. Typically, Kashmiri Pandits claim to be linguistically and culturally distinct from Hindus from the rest of India, and though there has been a renewed move to return among those who left, there are questions about whether the young generation would be able to adapt to the unique environment of Kashmir. Poor infrastructure, periodical power cuts and curfews, in addition to high unemployment, lower salaries and a lack of private sector investment, keeps the valley decades behind the rest of India’s faster growing states. “People are coming back. Every year thousands of Hindus from Jammu come over. Tourism is flourishing at this time [summer]. We depend on this tourism industry. Kashmiri pundits come over and even visit their old neighbours … they love being here. But for the young generation, who were born in Jammu, it’s hard to imagine them adjusting to this place. For the elderly people, who lived here and then migrated, I can tell you without any hesitation that they will love to come back,” Suman Bhat says. “We have suffered a lot, Kashmir has suffered a lot, but even when I went to study in Pune all those years back, I had it in my mind that I would have to come back and settle down here,” he adds. Motilal sums it up eloquently, urging the leadership to restart talks and put common people at the centre of the discussion. “No one here enjoys the violence … the authorities, the government and leadership from all sides must realise that time never comes again and again,” he says. “They have to go for a political solution, they have to break the ice, they have to come forward, both they have to come forward for a solution in the interests of the common people.”

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Before you can do anything to increase your 677 credit score, you need to identify what part of it needs to be improved, plain and simple. And in order to identify what needs to be improved, you should probably be aware of all the things that count and don’t count towards your score. What Counts Towards Your 677 Credit Score? Table of Contents In essence, your credit score tells you whether you have a responsible credit management and a history showing that you have been financially stable. So what factors contribute to showing that you are fiscally responsible and stable? The first and most critical factor will be your overall payment history. This is simply whether you have paid all of your bills on time. 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If lenders can see that you borrow a little money and pay it all in the allotted time, they will see that you have experience in borrowing money and paying it back responsibly. If they see that you don’t owe any on your credit whatsoever, they may perceive you as someone who is more inexperienced or who doesn’t take risks, and may subsequently be a little less willing to work with you. Another aspect of your amounts owed is how much money you owe on each of your loans, including your credit cards, your car payments, and your mortgage payment. The best way to have a positive credit rating here is to have a variety of credits and loans and to manage each of them in a very responsible manner. The third primary factor that counts toward your credit score is your credit history. This is simply a how long you have been using your credit and the ages of each of your credit accounts. There’s nothing wrong with having a long or a brief history here, so long as you manage your accounts responsibly and you actually pay your monthly payments when you are required to do so. The fourth factor is going to be new credit. While your score will analyze all of the accounts that you have equally, the specific accounts that may affect your overall credit score more is your new credit accounts. If you have opened multiple new credit accounts relatively recently, the score will assume that you are a larger credit risk, because people will tend to open a new credit account when they are getting into debt or have just lost a job and need more cash. To put this into perspective, let’s say that you have applied for a mortgage. The bank lender is going to look at all of your existing debt obligations as part of how much you can afford to pay for the house each month. If you have opened up multiple new credit card accounts, this will tell the lender that you are going to make multiple new purchases on these credit cards in the coming days or weeks (even if you actually aren’t, they will still assume that you are). This will then translate to them believing that you might not be able to afford to pay for your mortgage each month, and they may require a higher down payment or interest rate in order to offset it, or they might decide just not to work with you at all. Finally, the fifth and final primary factor that your credit score will analyze is your type of credit. Examples of different types of credit includes credit cards, instalment loans, home mortgages, and car payments. Your credit score will include all the different credit accounts that you have, and the more you have and the more you handle responsibly, the higher your score will be. Conversely, if you have more types of credit but owe much on each of them, your credit score will be lower. What Does Not Count Towards Your 677 Credit Score? There are many things that people assume go into their 677 credit scores but that actually don’t. Examples include how much money you earn, your age, your marital status, your child support payments (if any), how much money you have donated to charity, where you work or live, or your employment history. None of these things or anything like them do anything at all to your credit score, so instead, focus on the five primary factors that we outlined and discussed above. Now that you know what counts towards your overall credit score and what does not, you should know exactly what you need to pinpoint in order to enhance your score. For example, maybe one reason your credit score is low is because you’ve opened several new accounts of credit. Regardless, it’s important at this stage for you to positively identify what it exactly is that is lowering your credit rating. Once you have identified what that is, you can start to formulate a plan. The Three Credit Reporting Agencies and Different Types of Credit Scores Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion are three major credit reporting bureaus. Each credit agency provides you with a credit score, and these three scores combine to create both your 677 FICO Credit Score and your VantageScore. Your score will differ slightly among each agency for many reasons, including their unique scoring models and how often they access your financial data. Monitoring of all five of these credit scores on a regular basis is the best way to ensure that your credit score is an accurate reflection of your financial situation. Formulating a Plan To Improve Your 677 Credit Rating First aid foremost, you need to understand that it takes time for you to build up your credit score. Don’t expect it to be improved in the next week or the next month, even if you do everything necessary to improve it. If you have any negative factors on your credit report right now, including a late payment, a bankruptcy, or an inquiry, you may want to pay the bills now and then wait. Remember that time is your ally, not your enemy. In the end, there is no quick fix for rebuilding a credit score. It takes time. In formulating a plan to rebuild your credit rating, you need to understand how specific actions that you take will harm or hurt your credit score. For example, will working with your creditor to close an existing account in favor of rebuilding a new one with more favorable terms hurt or harm you? Here are two factors for you to consider: a change to your credit report will affect your credit score (regardless of whether it’s in a positive or negative way), and your score is based entirely on the figures that are already in your report. By closing your account(s), you are automatically lowering the number of revolving accounts that increase your credit score and also decrease the total amount of credit that is still available. This results in a higher balance-to-limit ratio, which will decrease your score. Therefore, closing your existing credit accounts may not be the best move for you to make, even though it’s a first instinct that many people have. A major question that people have is how long it will take for them to improve their credit score. But here’s what these people are missing: there isn’t anything you can do to boost your actual score. Instead, you can do many things to rebuild your history of credit, and the healthier your credit history, the more elevated your credit score will be. Therefore, you need to ask yourself a new question: how long will it take for me to rebuild my credit history? Honestly, there is no concrete answer to this, as everyone’s circumstances are different, but one universal fact here is that it will not take a short amount of time (unfortunately). Keep in mind, any delinquencies on your credit report will remain there for seven years, and bankruptcies and other public record items will be on there for ten years. This means that even if you filed for bankruptcy nine years ago, it will still lower your credit score for the next year. Meanwhile, inquiries remain on your report for the next two years. The point of this is that you need to treat your history of credit as something that you can slowly rebuild over the course of time, rather than immediately. By understanding this concept, you are more likely to avoid making mistakes and formulate a better plan. Something that you must do to improve your credit history, however, is to pay the bills, and that’s something that we’re going to talk about next. Paying Your Bills on Time While paying each of your bills on time may seem like the most obvious way to improve your credit score, it’s also the most important one. There is nothing that will harm your credit score as much as having a series of late payments on anything from car loans to mortgage loans. This is why it is extremely critical that you always make the minimum monthly payments by the determined date each month… WITHOUT ANY EXCEPTIONS. Even skipping just one mortgage payment is going to have a detrimental effect on your credit score. Sorry if that sounds cruel, but it’s the truth, and it should serve as your primary source of motivation for making your payment on time. Here’s an important fact to keep in the back of your mind: every time that you fail to make a monthly payment when you are required to do so, whether it be on a car or your home or anything else, it will be on your credit history and thus impact your credit score for up to seven years. Seven years. Think about that. Now, one primary benefit to using a credit card here is that you can choose how much money you spend while using them, and then also determine how much you pay back each month, so long as that amount is equal or greater than the minimum payment you owe. The reason why this is a benefit to you is because it allows you to budget your money accordingly and make the smartest financial decisions you can. In other words, you can avoid going into serious debt. Something that you must avoid at all costs is for your account to gin to collections. This means that you have failed to pay your minimum monthly payments for several months and your account has been taken over by a collection agency. This will also show up on your credit history for up to seven years. Fortunately, it is very easy to pay your minimum monthly payments and avoid sending your account into collections. If you are unable to afford a full monthly payment, you will need to contact your creditor and negotiate with them (we’ll discuss this more in-depth in our final step). The point for now is that by simply taking a responsible approach to this, you can greatly reduce your chances of going into debt and missing a required payment. Ultimately, setting a budget is probably the best thing you can do to improve your credit history. Determine your total monthly expenses and your total monthly income, and divide it accordingly so you know you’re not going into debt. It’s alarming how many people don’t set a personal budget, but it’s easily the most effective strategy for paying each of your monthly expenses on time. So, in short, setting a personal budget will be the most efficient strategy for raising and maintaining your credit score. It really is that simple. Keeping Your Credit Card Balance Low The very act of having credit cards will impact your credit rating. Regardless of whether it’s positive or negative, it has an impact. But something else that you want to ensure you do is keep the balance on your credit card low. The balance on your credit cards can influence over one third of your total credit score. The higher your balance is, the lower your score will be. What you want your credit card history to show is that you have been reducing your balance on an active basis by making your minimum monthly payments on time and using your credit cards responsibly. A good rule to follow is for your balance on your credit card to be 35% of the total limit on that card. So if you have a limit of $1,000 on your card, you want your balance to be $350 at the very highest. This holds true regardless of whether you have one credit card or multiple cards. In the long run, this will not only prevent your overall credit score from dropping, but it could also cause it to increase. Many people like to have multiple credit cards as a strategy to spread out the debt they owe on their credit cards as much as possible. However, this is not always the right strategy to pursue. What you will need to do is calculate the interest that you pay on each credit card and then compare the resulting rates. Based on this information, you should be able to figure out if it’s cheaper to consolidate each of your balances onto one card with a relatively low interest rate, or if you want it spread out across multiple cards, each with a higher interest rate. Only you know your personal situation, and it’s up to you to do the math here on your own. The reason why this is so important is because most lenders these days want you to stay as far away from the limit as possible in order to have the best credit scores. In fact, most experts would recommend that you never use more than fifty percent of your total available credit. If you use any more than that, or if you max out your limit, your overall credit score will drop. It’s understandable if you find this hard to do. If you use your card like most Americans, it will be difficult to keep yourself far away from the limit. This is especially true for people who travel and put their travel expenses on their airlines cards. It adds up after a while and, even if you are able to pay it off each month, it will still be sending a pretty large balance to the credit reporting company. The solution here that probably comes to mind first is to simply not use your credit cards as much. On the other hand, credit cards are more secure than debit cards, and the records allow you to better keep track of your spending. Another strategy that you can use is to make a payment each time you make a large purchase. For example, after you purchase airplane tickets, the next thing you could do is go right to the website of your bank and make a payment. Shopping for the Best Rates on Loans and Credit Cards for a Credit Score under 677 If you are ever on the market for high-priced items, such as home appliances, it is very common for people to walk into the store and get offered a discount or an otherwise excellent financing deal.. .but only if they open up a credit card account with that store. Why do stores offer these credit cards? The reason why is because there’s usually a high interest rate or multiple fees that go along with them. Those rates and fees can be found on the small fine print of the credit card deal, but of course, the store doesn’t tell you. A golden rule of credit cards is that you should only apply for credit that is a necessity for your financial life. When applying for a credit card from a retail store, you’re probably only going to use it once, twice, or three times maximum. You could just as easily be using an existing credit card that you already have. Here’s why this is so critical: applying for multiple credit cards within a few months of each other will be very harmful (or more appropriately, detrimental) to your overall credit score. Never apply for a credit card (or a loan, for that matter) that you don’t need. Now, when you do decide to apply for credit cards and loans in general, there are a few factors that you will want to remember, including: Can You Pay Off Your Balance Each Month Never apply for a loan or credit if you don’t first believe that you can afford to pay off the balance at the end of each month. This may sound obvious, but you’d be surprised at how many people apply for credit or loans without asking themselves this question. Ask yourself how you will use the credit card. Will you carry a balance, or can you indeed pay it off each month? Will you pay it off some months and not in others? Roughly three fifths of all Americans who possess a credit card have a balance on that card. Despite this, you may want to pay off your balance at the end of each month so you can definitively avoid additional interest charges. Know What Information You Need To Look At You also need to know what information you should look at when looking at credit cards. When you are offered a credit card, you will be given a variety of information, such as the APR (annual percentage rate). Sometimes the credit card offer will offer a variety of rates, and you won’t know what rate you will get until after you have been approved. You would be foolish to assume that you will get the lowest rate possible. Another piece of information to look at is the credit limit. Your potential creditor will tell you that your card is limited up to a certain point, but again, you may not qualified for the maximum limit. When you do max out a credit card that has a low credit limit, it can harm your credit score. Some credit card companies will also have a penalty APR. Always find out what the penalty rate is before applying for a card, what causes you to have the penalty, and how long the penalty will last. Finally, look at any fees that come with the credit card. Examples of fees include late payment fees, cash advance fees, annual fees, and transfer fees. Again, don’t apply for a credit card until after you have found out exactly what these rates are. Shopping for Credit Cards with a 677 Credit Score When shopping for credit cards, make sure you explore all of your options. In other words, don’t just sit down with one potential creditor and decide to accept their deal or not. Sit down with multiple potential creditors and compare and contrast them to find out what works best for you. If you already have a credit card, but have been shopping for one that is cheaper, you can then go to your existing creditor and request them to either match or beat an offer from another credit card company. Tell them that you believe you are paying too much money in fees and interest, and ask them if they are willing to lower their rates and fees down to the other credit card company that you are thinking about switching to. If they refuse, then you can switch accounts, but don’t close your existing account immediately. You still want to make the minimum payment on. it while you are waiting for your balance to transfer to your new account. You only want to close a credit account when your balance is at zero. Recognize That Your Rates Can Increase Currently, credit card companies cannot raise your credit rate for at least one year (12 months) after you have opened your account, unless any of the following circumstances apply: - A six month introductory rate exists - You are late paying your bill by sixty days - You have a card with a variable rate that is tied to an index and that index increases You need to recognize that your credit rates will increase in the future, at least after the initial twelve months, and you need to establish with your potential creditor exactly when your rates will increase, by how much, and if there is anything you can do to lower your rates. Steering Clear of Bankruptcy ‘Bankruptcy’ is a highly feared word in the world of finances. It’s something that we all hope we will never have to endure; the mere thought or possibility of it is enough to make us quiver in fear. Bankruptcy is definitely not something that should be underestimated. It will be one of the biggest blows not only to your finances, but to your state of mind and well-being as well. Plain and simple, a bankruptcy is something that you want to avoid at all costs. And as you may have guessed, a bankruptcy is not going to look good on your credit report (to say the least). But while it is universally acknowledged that bankruptcy is something that you should try to avoid at all costs, there are still many mistaken beliefs that surround how to avoid it, too. A bankruptcy will immediately lead to a huge drop in your credit rating and will be visible on your report for over ten years at least. This means that if your credit score has already fallen thanks to late/missed payments or defaults, with a bankruptcy, things aren’t exactly going to look so sunny. Many people mistakenly believe that bankruptcy offers them a chance to get out of their fiscal responsibilities. This IS simply not true. On the contrary, all you are doing is setting yourself up for many more difficulties in your financial life down the road. The reason for this is because getting any loans or credit down the road is going to be incredibly difficult with a bankruptcy listed on your credit report. In fact, many banks, car dealerships, and other lenders will automatically reject anyone who applies for a loan with a bankruptcy listed on their credit report. They simply aren’t willing to take the risk. What if you are forced to file for bankruptcy? Is it still possible to rebuild your credit? Yes, it still is. Even though your bankruptcy will be listed on your report for ten years, you can still slowly but steadily rebuild your credit by paying each of your bills when you need to. In this scenario, however, it’s vitally important that you repay each of those bills without exception. There are more things that you will be able to do to help rebuild your credit following a bankruptcy as well. Bankruptcy will be a blow to your credit score, but not all is lost. Here are a few examples of what you need to do: Negotiate Your Debts One of the biggest things you can do is to negotiate your existing debts. What is called Chapter 7 Bankruptcy is pretty much the same thing as liquidation, meaning that all of your existing debt is wiped clean. While this may sound good at first, if you are unable to pay for all the debts in cash, it could mean that you have to relinquish your property and other assets. Fortunately, it is still possible for you to hold onto your money and then settle your debt instead. In contrast to this debt consolidation is where lenders will repay your debts without losing any of your property or assets. This means that all of your debt would then consolidate into one loan with a single monthly payment at a relatively low interest rate. Settling your debt is very similar to this, in that it means you have to negotiate a new deal with your creditors. If it’s looking like they will get their money back, lenders will then work with you to reduce your monthly payments. One example of what they may do is to waive your existing payments should you decide to make a larger monthly payment in the future. Another example of what you can do in the event of a bankruptcy is to simply sell your property. In a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, or liquidation, your property will be reviewed by a trustee. The trustee will then decide on what needs to be liquidated so that you can settle your claim. Hopefully, you’ll be able to avoid this by selling some of your belongings to avoid the bankruptcy instead. Examples of belongings that you have that are probably worth a lot of money include antiques, a second vehicle, jewelry, or firearms. Even if you only get a relatively small amount of cash from selling these kinds of items, it will still be better than being forced to give up your property when filing for bankruptcy. Borrowing money is something that many financial advisers and experts recommend avoiding because it puts you into more debt. Besides that, it may be very difficult to ask a friend or family member for money. Many personal relationships have been broken in the past over borrowing money. What you need to do is form your budget and then see how much money you will need to raise in order to avoid bankruptcy. From this, you can then determine how much money you will need to ask to borrow. Be sure that the person you ask to borrow money from is someone who you can completely trust, and that asking them for money will be a long term solution rather than just a short term one. Renegotiate Your Mortgage If you are in the process of paying off your home, something else you can do to avoid bankruptcy will be to simply renegotiate or restructure your mortgage. By negotiating a new payment plan for your mortgage to get a lower monthly payment or a lower interest rate, you will be able to save some money that you can then use to pay your debt. It will certainly be worth it if it means avoiding bankruptcy and all of the consequences that come with that. There is also more than one way you can restructure your mortgage to avoid bankruptcy. The first thing you can do is to meet with your housing lender and see if you can simply negotiate your mortgage under an updated payment plan. The second way will be to simply completely refinance the mortgage, which will mean you must apply for a lower interest rate that is stretched out over time. The money that you will save up front will be very helpful in allowing you to pay off other debts and avoid bankruptcy. Finally, simply living frugally is a very effective but also underused tactic to avoid bankruptcy. Living frugally means that you simply cut back on expenses and eliminate the ones that are not necessary. Granted, this means that you will have to make some sacrifices, such as purchasing fewer groceries, cancelling your cable bill, and not going out to eat as much. Ultimately, the secret to learning how to live frugally is learning how to discriminate between what you want and what you need. Going to the mall repeatedly is a want, while paying your electricity bill is a need. You simply need to learn how you can reduce your debt to save money and which expenses you will be able to cut. The benefit to living frugally is that the money you save will add up. These are the top suggestions for avoiding bankruptcy. If you try all of them and if they still don’t appear to be working, you Will need to consult with a financial adviser as soon as possible (if you’ve not already) to see what you can do to get back on track. Fortunately, the above suggestions have worked for many people, so there’s little reason to think they won’t work for you as well. There is no overnight fix to avoiding bankruptcy, but there are major steps and new lifestyle changes you can take like we have seen. Negotiating with Your Creditors Despite what many people believe, your creditors are not your adversaries and they are not working against you. Therefore, you should not treat them as such. Instead, your creditors are working with you in an attempt for both of you to gain a profit. If you fail to do things, such as pay your bills on time, it negatively impacts the ability of your creditor(s) to do business with you. While they should be understanding of any reasonable financial hardships that you have undergone in the past few weeks or months, they can tell the difference between short term financial problems that were out of your control and blatant financial responsibilities on your part. Ultimately, it’s your responsibility to communicate effectively with your creditor so that you can both benefit equally from your business agreement. For an example, if you are forced (for financial reasons) to skip on a payment or to default on an entire loan the very first thing you need to do is to contact your creditor and talk about the Issue in detail with them. This action alone will tell them that what has happened is out of your control and that you are trying to correct the Issue in contrast to them believing that you are just behaving irresponsibly. In addition, this will also strengthen your business relationship. The last thing you want is for your creditor to have to hand your debt over to a collection agency. This will lead to many new problems in the future, because agencies will do everything and anything in their power to recover money. Not to mention, it will also look bad on your credit report. After telling your creditor about the financial hardships that you have undergone, they will be willing to assist you. After all, they’re in this for the same reason you are (to save and earn money). When you lose money and your credit rating goes down, they lose money too. Examples of how your creditor may be willing to help you after you have discussed your problems with them include the following: - Reducing your minimum monthly payment - Reducing your monthly interest rate - Waiving any fees you have - Allowing you to perhaps skip one monthly payment (note, this will only happen in extremely unique circumstances, so don’t bet on it) - Allowing you to close your account and open up a new one with more affordable payments - Accepting a settlement that is less than the amount you actually owe - Refinancing your overall loan Ultimately, you need to treat your creditor as your business ally and not your enemy. By doing so, you’ll be able to communicate with one another better and subsequently they’ll be able to help you. - What Is a Paid Tradeline Alert? - August 24, 2023 - Why A Registered Agent LLC Is Best For Your Company - July 19, 2023 - The 5 Best Tradeline Companies of 2023: Compare Tradelines - June 2, 2023

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I am frequently approached by students, as well as other professionals looking to further their career, on how an interdisciplinary approach has directed my career and where I hope to go from here. It’s been a while and job change or two since I last wrote about this. So, I thought I’d take the opportunity again to delve into my particular career path, lessons learned, and how I combine academics with technology to provide interdisciplinary insights into both research and design. In the beginning… I started in photography back in the late 90s. And by photography I mean film and darkrooms and medium format cameras and black and white and doing a lot of things by hand. It was the subject of my first degree (along with graphic arts) and I also worked at pro photo labs (using paint to hand touchup color printed photos or getting sprayed in the face by bleach bypass are things I’ll never forget) for a bit before landing my first job in the computer industry. Photography taught me a lot of things including patience and technique are more important than hardware or software. I also learned about light, contrast, textures, movement, color theory, focus, and layout — all of which I continue to use to this day. Darkrooms are one of my original happy places, and though I have yet to watch Stranger Things (hey! I don’t get to watch a lot of TV with all of the other things I have going on), I do appreciate the fact that apparently, they had a darkroom scene. Maybe some interest will spike again. It’s retro now, so that makes it cool, right? Photography to… Computer Customer Support? My photography degree also included graphic design and I’m talking old school graphic design here where it was meant for print, not the web. My photography skills blended well with this subject and I also learned things like Quark Express, Photoshop, Illustrator, and more. In addition to the applications, I also learned my way around a Macintosh and this is how I jumped into technology. Turns out, I had quite the aptitude for working with computers (even though I didn’t grow up with them or even own one of my own until 1999). Here is where chance met happenstance. At the time, Apple had a call center in Dallas and I knew quite a few people who worked there. After talking about needing a new job, I was given a Mac for Dummies book, told what chapters to read, and sent in for an interview. I was all of 19 at the time and was still working on my first degree, but in those days a bachelor’s degree was not required for work like this. That, and no one had any experience. So as long as you showed aptitude and had a good attitude, you were given a chance. I took that chance and ran with it. I worked there for a little over a year and in that time I learned how to support every single thing Apple made from monitors to printers to all of their desktop computers including the G3 and OSs 7, 8, and 9. I went from level 1 to level 2 support and then I became the trainer for all new waves starting on the floor. I left the company just as the iMacs were coming out and they were pulling their support out of Dallas down to Austin. I followed that job with a stint in the print industry (I’ll get to that in a minute) and then to support at 3dfx, which was one of the best jobs I’ve had to this day. Turns out, a lot of the people who ran the support center for Apple in Dallas moved to 3dfx to do the same thing for them after Apple went to Austin. I was brought on to support the Macintosh video cards, but supported the PC line until they came out. Funny thing was, I was the only one they hired to do Mac support, which meant at the tender age of 22 I owned it all (6 days a week, 12 hours a day, phones, emails, and forums – the overtime was lovely) and I loved every bit of it. It was for 3dfx that I went on my first business trips. I was sent to California (my 2nd time ever on a plane) to QA the Macintosh cards in graphic arts applications. While this wasn’t the focus of 3dfx, they understood who their market was and wanted to make sure there were no problems with these, plus I had experience! I also represented 3dfx at MacWorld 2000 where I was the tech for every computer on the floor and I demoed video game playthroughs before it was cool (PodRacer) to show the difference between the stock video card and ours. After they realized the workload was more than they bargained for, I then became a trainer at 3dfx (see a trend here yet?). To help me do this with our European teams, I developed a Mac training support program (all screenshots and hotspots hand programmed in HTML), and used it to assist people in learning how to support a Mac without ever touching one. You could say this was the first application I ever developed, though at the time I never thought of it as such. Gaming has always been a passion of mine, so this was the best of all worlds. Sadly, 3dfx went out of business and I was laid off as the company folded. Though I’ve yet to land another job in the gaming industry, that has always been a goal of mine and I still hope to do so. Being in technical support taught me a lot that has served me well throughout the rest of my career. - I am not the person on the other end No matter how much I knew about the technology or how many games I played or how I used it for myself, I was not the person on the other end of the phone/email/forum post. Why does this matter? Well, everyone’s experience is different and there was always some variable that came up that I had never encountered. It provided both a learning opportunity for me and made sure that my focus was on the person on the other end rather than the technology or the problem. - There is always more than 1 way to solve a problem I’ve mentioned this in a few papers I’ve written on gaming as a part of my academic career, but it’s so important that it’s also worth noting here. Whether it is technology or gaming or development, you soon learn that when you get stuck it helps to evaluate the situation from multiple perspectives. - Community makes a difference And this is probably one of the reasons why I gravitated toward Anthropology when I started my bachelor’s degree. I learned early on what a difference a community can make in the workplace, online, and around a common goal. Techsupport, especially back in the late 90s and early 2000s, was a place where all three of these came together in a way I’ve only ever seen replicated in open source development and gaming. I worked in the print industry for about a year. How did I end up there? Well, I answered an ad in the local paper (back when they were printed on paper) for a Mac Tech. I thought, well hey, I’m a Mac Tech. Turns out they were looking for an electronic pre-press (EPP) operator. I told the guy doing the hiring that if he hired me I could learn very quickly and I could fix/support every computer he had in his shop. And yet again, someone gave me a chance and I ran with it. By the time I left, I was an expert in Quark and Photoshop and a layout artist and I could do random things by hand that no one has to deal with today like trapping colors and sending work to a rip to print to film and evaluating bluelines and finally to printing on web presses in the back of the shop. This all reinforced the focus and layout, and color theory from my photography days and I was able to support it all with my love for technology. As I mentioned before, I started with an AA in photography and graphic design. After I was laid off from 3dfx I applied for a certificate program in Intermedia arts. Only 10 students were selected based on their submitted portfolios (mine was mostly photography). In that program, I learned digital music (MIDI, ProTools, MOTU), digital photography (digital cameras in 2001! and photoshop), digital video (Final Cut Pro), 3D Animation (Cinema 4D), and web design (HTML). Since it was all on Macs, I also took up a position as the lab assistant. There were no web design degrees at that time, so this was the best I could do and it helped me land my next job. (Unfortunately, I have almost no examples of this work, as it was all on DVDRAMs, except for this silly digital music piece.) Yet again, someone took a chance and hired me for a job I was not qualified for. This is a definite theme throughout my career. The first step is me taking a chance and applying for a job I’ve never had. I highly recommend this. The worst someone can do is say no. The best is you land an opportunity to shine. Though I had never had a job as a web developer, not many other people had either in 2002. Everything I knew about web development I had either learned on my own or as a part of my certificate program I completed in 2001. I used all of that to my advantage. Additionally, I knew how to support a Macintosh server and the company who was hiring specifically needed someone versed in Mac. What started out as a simple HTML programming job turned into developing web applications where I turned paper processes into electronic ones and reduced the duplication of information by linking systems together. I learned Lasso and PHP (and subsequently MySQL) in the process as well as user experience design and information architecture. At the same time, I could apply all of those lessons from photography and graphic arts as well as my technological background. I supported the Mac server and even established the first Wiki system at the company (for the copywriters). As a part of that job, I developed workflows to help me keep my head straight when I was developing a system and linking them together. Turns out, this was a skill that was useful in other areas. Bachelor’s in General Studies While I was working as a developer, I went back to school in 2004 for my bachelor’s degree. I had to wait until I was an independent student in order to take out student loans on my own (oh if I had known then what I know today). Given that this was now costing a pretty penny, I looked for the fastest way to complete my degree and settled on General Studies where I focused on Anthropology, Psychology, and Philosophy. Though I didn’t know it at the time, all of that would apply to my career and even my current position. After I started applying my anthropology and psychology lessons to my work, a whole new world opened up. I completed my degree in 2006 and finished with an ethnography of a guild in World of Warcraft as well as an ethnography of ecologically friendly people for Motorola and their EcoMoto project. Being able to do an ethnography entirely online in 2006 and taking a design anthropology class that same semester helped influence my entire academic future (and is what helped to start this blog). Funny side note, my World of Warcraft paper is one of my most referenced papers to this day. Interaction Design & Information Architecture Though I had no idea what user experience design or information architecture was when I started my development position, these are where I started focusing my career by the time I was ready to move on. And yes, in both of the following cases, once again someone took a chance on me applying for a job I wasn’t “qualified” for. First, I took a job as an interaction designer at a startup. There was just 8 of us working for this company and that was quite an experience. I’m glad I had it, but I’m also glad I was able to land on my feet quickly after as that company was sold after almost a year. I then moved on to a position as an information architect at a marketing firm that also developed web applications. There, I became a Visio pro and versed in e-commerce. This was the first time I would work as a consultant and travel in that capacity. I worked directly with Lowes at the time and performed activities such as Card Sorts on-site to help them narrow down their navigation categories. Quickly, the company learned they had gotten in over their head and they let go of most of their e-commerce staff. My talents where agnostic of technology or industry, so I was able to be moved on to other projects and customers like Samsung and EDMC. In that capacity, I designed everything from landing pages to full-on applications created in Director. The best part about the job was the variety in the work. The worst part of the job was tossing it over the wall to the next team and rarely ever seeing the finished product. I enjoyed my work and I learned quite a lot, but I realized quickly that it wasn’t the type of position I was best suited for. Masters in Applied Anthropology As I moved on from the interaction design position at the startup to the information architecture position at the marketing company, I also continued my education and started my MS in Applied Anthropology where I focused on Business, Organizational, and Design Anthropology. (I also started this blog the same year I started my degree.) My thesis focused on how to Maintain, Sustain, and Grown Online Open Source Communities where I worked with The Fedora Project through an entire development cycle and conducted almost all of my research entirely online. To do this, I was a participant-observer in the community (IRC/mail lists), I conducted 13 interviews with key informants and then created a survey that had over 100 full responses from over 20 countries. After a full analysis and synthesis, I was able to outline ways the community could help improve itself both for its current members and those looking to become a part of it. This work was presented to the community in at FUDCon beginning of 2011 and virtually at an open-source conference in Brazil in 2013. It has been utilized and/or cited quite a few times many of which you can see in my Research Mentions portion of my portfolio. User Interface Engineer While I was working on my MS, I was recruited from my consultant job at the marketing company to work on an HR software as a service (SaaS) application. The person who hired me was a true visionary and though he didn’t necessarily know what exactly I did, he knew he needed one of me. And yep, you guessed it, yet again I landed a job for which I wasn’t exactly qualified. In the full throws of my MS education in anthropology, I pulled out all of my tricks to perform as much guerilla research as I could to figure out what was going on with their current implementation. This included talking to the developers and hanging out in training classes with users. Though I was never given the opportunity to speak to them, I listened to everything they talked about, every question they asked, and every complaint they lodged while undergoing training. This was an amazing treasure trove of information I couldn’t have done my job without. Based on all of this, I took their completely siloed system (all the way down to the dev teams!) and changed it from a product-focused application to a role-based one that included customized navigation and statefulness. The change in nav was just the beginning of our complete overhaul of the system. Working for this company was my first introduction to agile (though I’d argue our team of 5 back at my dev job and team of 8 at the startup did it, just not in a formalized way), and it would be the first time I was a single UXD on a very large dev team. These two themes continued at my next job, and I even had a couple of devs follow me over. Our changes to the system, though drastic, were met with overwhelming success and helped the company win an industry award. You can review the navigation changes in my portfolio for highlights. Senior User Experience Designer, Information Architect, & Researcher What was essential about this process was getting out a version of our product that would be most useful to our users in a mobile setting. This meant we had to determine what they used the most and why, which of course was a great opportunity for user research. Our research resulted in focusing on the 3 specific categories of Servers, Tickets, and Invoices, which you can see in the example. After this initial project, I went on to completely redesign The Planet’s customer portal interface, which turned into another project altogether when The Planet was merged with SoftLayer. After the merger, it was the job of me and my agile team to go through and merge two separate customer portal systems together. Rather than trying to start with what we already had and create a mishmash (which trust me, never ends well), we started completely over again and utilized user research to build a brand new experience. This included web, mobile, and desktop applications for infrastructure as a service. In addition to user research (which included analysis of usage as well as user interviews), I conducted a full information architecture inventory on the existing SoftLayer system as that was brand new to me. This way we knew where to start from and it helped me catalog the existing pages and interactions. We eventually released our new system and slowly transitioned our current customers off the old ones while introducing new customers to our new experience. Throughout the entire first phase of this project, I was the sole user experience designer, researcher, and information architect of the entire system. This was the case until 2012 and then I was the senior designer until 2016 (after that I did spot design work/internal consulting until I left in 2018). Throughout that time my team and I created interfaces for all of our infrastructure as a service product ranging from access control to server administration, firewalls, load balancers, a storefront and more. IBM bought SoftLayer in July of 2013 and I was moved over to IBM Design in May of 2016 as Design Lead of Identity and Access Management and Business Systems Support for our Platform as a Service IBM Public Cloud (Bluemix at the time) offering. I did that for a year and then started our own public platform research team from the ground up (including hiring and mentoring). This team worked embedded within our verticals doing everything from quantitative analysis of auto-collected user data to interviewing major stakeholders and conducting qualitative evaluative sessions with industry professionals. From there, I was promoted to Head of Strategic Insights before I left to pursue a position in Blockchain. All in all, I worked for those combined companies a total of almost 9 years. There were a lot of ups and downs with mergers and acquisitions and reorgs, but in the end, I’m ever grateful for the experience I gained while working there. Doctorate in Interdisciplinary Information Science I completed my MS in August of 2010 with a 4.0 and rolled right into my Ph.D. less than 2 weeks later. I was granted a Doctoral Fellowship for the first 4 years of my degree program, where they paid for my degree, which was awarded based on my previous academic success. Just 3 months later, The Planet and SoftLayer were merged. Professionally, I was up to my eyeballs in information systems, so I decided to focus my studies on the other thing that was near and dear to me – gaming. It pays to pick a topic you enjoy when you’re working on your dissertation, and the universe knows I couldn’t take any more information systems at that time and stay sane (this really was one of the best decisions I’ve ever made as the ability to go back and forth kept them both fresh and gave me needed breaks from each other). Also, it was a hot topic at the time as in 2010 video games finally made it to the Supreme Court. I won’t bore you with the details of the dissertation, I’ve written other posts on it (and will make at least one more in the future). I will, however, provide the research process details. I did a full ethnographic study on families that had children between 4 and 17 who played video games. I interviewed 46 people across 26 different households in May/June of 2015. I then transcribed all of the interviews and conducted an inductive thematic analysis using Altas.ti and over 500 codes. From there I was able to answer my research questions around the usage of the ESRB and whether or not parents felt any legislation was required to assist them in making appropriate video game choices. I also developed a model on parental information behavior and media that changes as their children age. This is the topic that I will address in a future post. Though it is pretty academic and over 200 pages long, feel free to check out my dissertation. If you like gaming and you’re a parent, you might find it interesting. Blockchain Design Consultant After almost 9 years working on what amounted to a single product (through various iterations), I thought I’d try my hand again at consulting. I mean, it had been a decade since I had been a fully external consultant (I had done various types of consulting at in the interim, but not completely external). And, where do you go after SaaS, IaaS, and Paas? Blockchain seemed like the next logical step. It was something new and different and of course something I was not at all qualified to take on. Perfect! In the last nearly year and a half, I’ve worked with multiple major companies to help them understand what blockchain is and how it could help them influence not only backend systems but also business processes. Though I am not able to talk about any of this due to NDA, I can say I was the designer for the SAP + CONA project mentioned in this Sapphire Now playback. This project included virtual research with the team, a design thinking + design workshop session, creating a fully clickable prototype using Fiori and Build, and working with the front-end and back-end engineers to develop it. I also had the opportunity to represent SAP at Sapphire where I demoed IOT technology for 400 people over 3 days showcasing our Smart City work. This was in addition to presenting on Design-led Innovation and Inclusive Design (which I will be presenting on again in September at the Big Design conference). Overall, the best part about being in this position is all of the opportunities to learn something new while at the same time helping our customers with truly innovative solutions. In addition to my Blockchain work, I’m also the owner of Design for Innovation Services including outlining all of our deliverables and scoping. I’m also the project manager for a Knowledge Management initiative as well as an Innovation Management one. Really, I just wear whatever hat needs to be worn at the time and I’m happy to do so. Teaching & Mentoring As if all that wasn’t enough, I’m also mentoring a few researchers/designers as they navigate their careers and teaching as an adjunct at the university level. I have to say, out of all of the things I’ve done, teaching and mentoring have been some of the most rewarding. As you can imagine, one of the things I love to promote is going out and trying something new for which you are completely unqualified. If you’re out of your comfort zone, then you’re learning and growing and becoming something more than you were before. In the words of Nike, Just Do It! I don’t know what’s next and that’s the beauty of it. All I can hope for in any new opportunity is an environment that encourages learning and mentorship and community and allows me to take advantage of all of these experiences while gaining new ones. Please reply if you have any comments or questions. I’m also interested in learning about other’s journeys and how you got to where you are today and where you’re looking to go from here (and how you’re going to get there). If you would like to learn more about my history, check out my CV and Portfolio. My portfolio is a bit sparse due to NDA. So, if you’d like to see more recent work and/or if you would like to connect, you can find me on LinkedIn or you can contact me.

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Following Sandy Stone’s imperative, in her influential 1987 The “Empire” Strikes Back: A Post-Transsexual Manifesto, for such writers to create new genres in order to explore new genders, over the last 20 years this literary subculture has blossomed into a vibrant world of novels, short stories, poetry, plays, essays and journalism. Reverse Cowgirl (2020), the latest book by writer and scholar McKenzie Wark, follows in this tradition, while also subverting the linear form of transition memoirs, interweaving fragments of biography and auto-fiction with emails and Facebook posts. Wark began her literary and academic career in Australia during the 1980s, and is the author of numerous books, including Hacker Manifesto (2004), Gamer Theory (2007) and last year’s Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse? Wark and I became friends in 2013, when I interviewed her about her work on the postwar avant-garde movement Situationist International. Juliet Jacques: I’d like to ask you about the line on the back cover of Reverse Cowgirl, which says that ‘the established narratives of being transgender don’t seem to apply’ to you. I think every trans person has felt like that – certainly any trans person who has ever picked up a pen and paper. McKenzie Wark: I was interested in what could happen if traditional versions of the trans narrative got to play with other kinds of formally inventive queer and gender non-conforming nonfiction. I didn’t see myself in most of the trans narratives to which I had access. Although, when I read your book Trans: A Memoir , I thought: ‘That’s not my story but, because it exists, I, too, can exist.’ Now, different ways of writing about being trans are adding new wrinkles to the narrative, rather than repeating the same stories that medical providers require of us. JJ: You’re 20 years older than me, yet there’s a generational handover from me to you because of the weird things that transition does to your sense of lived time. And the fact that I transitioned earlier in my life than you did, partly because I had access to trans writers at a younger age. You situate Reverse Cowgirl within a certain line of trans writing by referencing contemporary authors who are not necessarily canonical. Leslie Feinberg is referenced, but not Kate Bornstein, Sandy Stone or other figures from the 1990s. Instead, you bring up Torrey Peters, Paul B. Preciado, Juliana Huxtable – people at the forefront of a new type of trans writing that doesn’t use directly autobiographical forms. MW: The text is meant to read a little bit like the Twitter feed of someone who’s fairly literate. If I felt that a quote from another writer related to what I was doing, I included it, but I didn’t feel like I had to mention everybody. Stone and Bornstein were very important to me, but didn’t make it into the book. I was more drawn to what has happened with new North American trans writing. Imogen Binnie’s novel Nevada was a turning point, at least in the world of trans writing that I ended up inhabiting. It’s a story about someone several years after they’ve transitioned, who is not the ideal trans subject and is making mistakes in her life. It wasn’t even marketed as a trans book: the cover has this really cool drawing, but doesn’t say ‘trans’ on it in big letters, so you can read the book discreetly on the subway. But its circulation was somewhat limited to Brooklyn-based, white trans women and I wanted to counteract that a bit, so I’ve included references to Huxtable, a terrific black trans writer, in my book. I was interested in people writing now, some of whom I’ve met, giving an impression of a collective literary space. JJ: A lot of older trans memoirs and texts have downplayed or avoided sex altogether, although Bornstein is a notable exception. In my memoir, I didn’t talk about sex as much as maybe I’d have liked to. Reverse Cowgirl, however, is a book about sex as much as it is about gender, and how they intersect. How did sex open up new ways for you to think about gender and your own gender identity? MW: I remember reading J. Michael Bailey’s book about autogynephilia, The Man Who Would Be Queen , which argues that there are ‘bad’ transsexual women who transition in order to become their own object of desire. I read it secretly in a Barnes & Noble bookstore. For years, that set me back, because I thought: ‘Oh, I’m one of these autogynephiliac freaks and not a “real” trans woman.’ I wanted to write about the possibility of figuring out that you’re trans through gender euphoria experienced sexually. I tried to be a gay man but it never quite worked, and I think there’s comedy in writing about that failure, and in writing about heterosexuality when you’re trying to be the person that you want to have sex with. There is a sense in the LGBTQ+ community that we have to move away from narratives of ‘inversion’ or the early-20th-century idea that gender variance and sexual diversity are always linked, and that’s good. But it’s constraining to conclude that being trans never has anything to do with sex. Here, I’ve mapped out a small corner of trans experience so that, hopefully, other people can think through their own gender and sexuality in relation to it. And go on to write about them. JJ: One of the quotes I picked from your book is by Chris Kraus, who writes in I Love Dick : ‘My entire state of being has changed because I’ve become my sexuality: female, straight, wanting to love men, be fucked. Is there a way of living with this life like a gay person, proudly?’ Kraus brings up the complications of gendered bodies, how they’re received and how they interact with other people sexually, but also deploys an internalized stereotype of gay men. In your text, you start off by thinking of yourself as a queer man and moving within gay male circles in Sydney during the AIDS crisis. MW: Kraus refers to ‘a’ rather than ‘the’ gay person, so readers can ‘include themselves out’ of that phrase. I think it’s always more interesting to differ from, rather than identify with, the text, which is exactly what Kraus enables. She can conceptualize the specific thing she feels in relation to what it’s not: the generic idea of gay pride. And she can then long for something like that but different from it, just as, if one were a gay man, one might differ from that received image. I tried to be gay. Being loved and lusted after by gay men made me feel like a woman – an emotional and sexual relation that’s comically doomed. The pathos being that I attempted this just before the AIDS pandemic. JJ: In a chapter titled ‘Straight Life’, you write about moving from primarily having sex with men to having sex mostly with women, although it’s not a linear narrative. I particularly like this passage: ‘Nobody needs to read another story by a man about, well, anything really, certainly not another story where the man fucks the woman. So let’s just keep to this not novel but less storied dilemma: how does a man whose peak sexual experiences all involve being fucked in the ass go about having sex with a woman? Depends on the woman, of course. Also, here’s another wrinkle that makes this maybe a less common story: what if the man in this story who fucks the woman is maybe not a man at all, and what if this man … sorry, this not-man, doesn’t know it yet? At least, what if this human, let’s say this egg, that wants not to hatch, this thing that wants not to be there, to not exist, is driven by a desire opaque to this human and to most of those around it?’ MW: I probably could’ve just written about my experience without that preamble, but I felt like there would be comedy in acknowledging what I’m sure is a pretty common experience in certain kinds of trans lives. The opacity struck me as useful: memoirs are so often about figuring oneself out. I wanted to write instead about how we never have any idea who we are. We just move through less or more useful patterns of misunderstanding. JJ: There’s a striking page titled ‘You Are Your Attention: A Portrait of McKenzie Wark by the Facebook Algorithm.’ It lists things that you’ve mentioned frequently on Facebook, ranging from left-wing politics, global warming, livestock and freight transport to Walter Benjamin, Lana Turner, hegemony, instant messaging, family, dresses, cashmere, psychoanalysis, gender and social class. Is there a sense that other people, and ultimately other technologies, know us better than we know ourselves? MW: Facebook lets you see how it categorizes you for marketing purposes. Those are some of the things that Facebook thinks of as being ‘me’, so it can sell me various products. I’m wearing a skirt right now that I bought through a Facebook ad from a brand called Current Mood. Trying to form an identity on social media when all it’s trying to do is sell you stuff and monetize your attention can drive anyone – cis or trans – bonkers. JJ: What has changed about the way that we now constitute our own identities on social media? What do you think about the possibilities of it, as well as the constraints, and the terrifying surveillance implications? MW: I’m interested in the practice of constructing a subject in the postbroadcast era and the extent to which it’s unlike the one we inherited from the golden age of mass popular consumption addressed by scholars at Birmingham’s Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies in the 1970s. When there were only five radio stations, all of them played the same Top 40 tracks; if you got lucky, you might hear a David Bowie song. Some of us figured out, by listening to his music, that we’re at least not like straight people: ‘Not sure if you’re a boy or a girl.’ Precisely, thank you. Whereas now you can find any subculture or subjectivity online and create your own queer or trans sensibility out of them. But you can also make yourself into a neo-Nazi because that’s easy to find, too. So, this new model of constructing bodies and subjectivities is definitely not an unmediated good. JJ: My identity is not just determined by my queerness and transness. I’m really interested in the way Reverse Cowgirl also talks about Marxism and communism, and the affect of your politics – the feeling of constant defeat they bring. MW: Having been schooled in an old-fashioned version of Marxism, one that was aware that its history was one of defeat, I always sensed who my real comrades were, because all the opportunists and optimists had already abandoned the project. It was important to be around people who lived through 1956 and 1968 – disaster years for international communism – yet who felt, as Samuel Beckett put it in The Unnamable : ‘I can’t go on; I’ll go on.’ I find myself a little out of tune with the current Marxist revivalism – people with hammers and sickles in their Twitter bios. How do you restart something you know has already been lost? You can’t do it through cosplay; Marx talks directly about the problem of restaging the revolution in the garb of the previous one. But how, then, do you carve out a sense of the possibility of another life in a culture that you know you don’t control, where you know your agency is limited? JJ: There’s a passage in the book where you start seeing a man called John, and you describe yourself as his plus-one, the ‘handbag’: ‘I was the girl. This was quite educational. I was not expected to talk except for the purpose of social graces. I was not supposed to have opinions about things. It was permitted for me to agree with John’s opinions or shades thereof. I was expected to smooth out disagreements between John and the others. Mostly, I just tried to blend in and observe, a closet communist. At some point, the men would just dismiss themselves to talk business or politics. I would be left with the wives.’ Then you talk about how the wives’ idea of women’s liberation in this context was restricted to their own entry into the upper class. MW: It’s the most heavily fictional part of the book because of Australia’s vicious libel laws. It’s a composite portrait of some men I dated who have the means to sue me. It was interesting to see ruling-class gay culture; if you were doing the right thing as a property owner, then your sexuality could be overlooked. It was a little like Anaïs Nin’s A Spy in the House of Love – I felt like a spy in the house of bourgeois sexuality. JJ: I’ve been thinking a lot lately about Females: A Concern by Andrea Long Chu. The book’s premise is that everyone is female because everyone is constituted by some sort of lack, which they fill with other people’s desires that they then try to fulfil. We’ve already talked about the way in which your book addresses sexuality and desire. How do you feel about Chu’s text and its relation to your own writing? MW: I really enjoyed Females because it does what we did in 1980s theory: take an incredibly counterintuitive and ridiculous premise and build a conceptual language out of it that then collapses. It’s theory as play. It’s a rarefied taste to engage in theory that way, as if it’s a branch of literature. People expect more rectitude or political guidance from theory than Chu is willing to offer. But I loved it because theory is literature. It’s just another way of writing and has certain constraints. JJ: In your recent interview for Ssense with Sanja Grozdanić, you talk about how scapegoating trans women has become a whole media industry. What do you think trans people, and trans women in particular, can do to combat this, both in our creative work and in the places where we publish? MW: It’s a double bind. There’s this desire to engage with transphobia before it spreads further, but then you end up in a positive feedback loop by amplifying it. Yet, you can’t ignore the hate, because it propagates. I really appreciate the way you’ve pushed back in a very public way, while remaining aware of, and navigating, the pitfalls. You cannot engage with people who don’t recognize your humanity but you can address the people they’re trying to persuade to see the way they do. I don’t think we achieve that by seeking always to be exemplary subjects. I think we can write about ourselves as fully human, which also means fully flawed. We’re more credible as humans if we’re not attempting to be perfect and not claiming that, for example, sexuality isn’t part of our experience. Yes, our sexualities may be weird, but so are everyone else’s! Take autogynephilia, for instance – the moments when you’re into yourself sexually. I hope everybody gets to experience that at least once, to look in the mirror and go: ‘I’m hot in this gender!’ JJ: Instead, it’s pathologized. Do you think that, through writing, it’s possible to move the conversation beyond cisgender expectations of us and our need to challenge them? Are there any writers who you believe have managed to do that? MW: It’s important to be part of a larger literary conversation, but also that we have writing for each other. I’m looking forward to Peters’s Detransition, Baby, which is due to be published in early 2021. It asks questions about what trans life is like ten years after transition, when you might just want to have a family and a stable life. Why should we be denied that? JJ: As trans and nonbinary literature develops over the next ten or 20 years, I hope you and I will continue to be part of it. It will be exciting to see what happens. I think new possibilities will open up. McKenzie Wark is professor of culture and media at the Eugene Lang College of Liberal Arts, The New School, New York, USA. She is the author of A Hacker Manifesto (2004), Gamer Theory (2007), 50 Years of Recuperation of the Situationist International (2008) and The Beach Beneath the Street (2011), among other books. Her latest book, Reverse Cowgirl, was published by Semiotext(e) in February. Main Image: Juliana Huxtable, ‘Interfertility Industrial Complex: Snatch The Calf Back‘, exhibition view, 2019. Courtesy: the artist and Reena Spaulings Fine Art, New York/Los Angeles; photographs: Joerg Lohse

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Facts You Should Know About Fungal Nails Fungal infection of the nails sometimes makes the condition sound contagious or related to poor hygiene. In fact, up to 10% of all adults in Western countries have fungal infection of the nails. This percentage increases to 20% of adults who are age 60 or older. Toenail fungus is much more common than fingernail fungus. In reality, abnormal-looking nails may be caused by a number of conditions including, but not limited to, fungal infection. There are many other reasons why your nails may look different. Living With A Nail Fungal Infection If you have a nail fungal infection, some things can help: - Keep your nails cut short and file down any thick areas. - Dont use the same nail trimmer and file on healthy nails and infected nails. If you have your nails professionally manicured, bring your own nail file and trimmer from home. - Wear waterproof gloves for wet work . Wear 100% cotton gloves for dry work. - Wear socks made of wicking material . This pulls moisture away from the skin. Change your socks when they are damp from sweat or if your feet get wet. Put on clean, dry socks every day. Put over-the-counter antifungal foot powder inside your socks to keep your feet dry. - Wear shoes with good support and a wide toe area. Dont wear pointed shoes that press your toes together. - Avoid walking barefoot in public areas, such as locker rooms. Tips For Prevention Of Fungal Nails Nail fungus causes only 50% of abnormal-appearing nails. It can be hard to tell the difference between the different causes of discolored nails . Onychomycosis is often not treated. Reasons to receive treatment include No one knows where a specific person catches the fungus, as it is everywhere. However, since the fungus does thrive in warm moist areas , there are certain areas one should avoid or use with caution. Shower floors, locker rooms, and swimming pools are suspected of being sources of the fungus, although there are no studies proving this fact. Nail polish and acrylic nails also make the nail less “breathable” and make the nail more susceptible to fungal infection. Fungi are everywhere — in the air, the dust, and the soil. Hygienic measures such as spraying socks and footgear sound sensible, and perhaps these measures can even help a little bit. However, avoiding tight, nonbreathing shoes or steering clear of athletic facility floors may very well be the best prevention available. Daily washing of the feet and drying between the toes can help to prevent nail fungus. The fungi carried on the coats of pets, like cats and dogs, don’t often cause nail fungus. Wearing white socks does not help. Read Also: Does Vicks Vaporub Kill Toenail Fungus Top 3 Reasons To Treat Nail Fungus One of the most common reasons patients want to treat their nail fungus is to improve the appearance of their nails. This is especially true of fingernails, but even toenails can be a concern during the summer when they are more visible. Nail fungus can cause embarrassment and some sufferers stop activities, such as yoga or swimming, so that others will not see their toenails. Pain and Mobility If left untreated, fungal nail infections can cause pain and mobility problems. These can occur as the nails thicken when the infection progresses. It may become uncomfortable to wear closed shoes and to walk, exercise or stand. For this reason, early treatment is recommended before the infection becomes more severe or has spread to other toenails. Recurrence and Transmission Although nail fungus rarely causes serious health risks, the nail can become a fungal reservoir leading to recurrent fungal infections of the skin. These can cause fissures or cracks, leaving the feet more vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections. People with a weakened immune system, such as diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, may be more susceptible to both fungal infections and other secondary infections, resulting from it such as cellulitis. Special Groups At Risk For Complications In Severe Onychomycosis Delaying the treatment of a nail fungus until its late stages can be excruciatingly challenging. For some people with other diseases/conditions, avoiding the onset of severe onychomycosis is essential. The dangers that involve the end-stage nail disease can lead to an even more harmful situation for them. Also Check: Does Vaporub Cure Toenail Fungus What Are The Symptoms Of Toenail Fungus Nails infected are generally thicker than usual and maybe distorted or molded strangely. They are easy to break. Nails may look yellow with a fungus. A white dot appears on the nail sometimes and then gets larger. It can tighten and even separate the nail from the bed when this type of fungus builds up under your nail. In more severe cases, the fungal infection of the nail can spread around your nail area to the skin as well. Buy Nail Fungus Treatment Some species of fungus can be advisable to us in a lot of ways. They have created this product totally from herbal ingredients and extracts that will not damage you in any respect, and consequently, you can be blanketed from any bad results that could have been caused by other items ago. When it involves Toenail Fungus Treatment, you have got a wide selection of chances to choose from. Despite this, numerous people search for cost-efficient and time-consuming treatments to address their nail fungus issues. The proven fact that, regardless of diligent remedy, it may possibly soak up to a year to totally get rid of the an infection is an alternate vital disadvantage of this approach to foot fungus treatment. Buy Nail Fungus Treatment The proven fact that, regardless of diligent remedy, it may possibly soak up to a year to totally get rid of the an infection is an alternate vital disadvantage of this approach to foot fungus treatment. If the fungus is not treated, it has the knowledge to cause lasting damage to the nails and nail beds. Also Check: Is Listerine Good For Toe Fungus Nail Fungal Infection Treatment Prescription medicines can treat a fungal nail infection. Oral antifungal medicines help a new nail grow. This will replace the infected nail. You may need to take antifungal medicine for 6 to 12 weeks. Some oral medicines are not safe for people who have liver problems. They are not safe for people who have a history of congestive heart failure. Tell your doctor if you have one of these conditions. Your doctor will decide which medicine is right for you. Apply topical treatments to the top of your nail. Topical medicines usually do not cure fungal nail infections. In severe cases, a doctor might remove the nail completely. It can take several months to a year for the infection to go away. What Is Toenail Fungus Toenail fungus is a widespread fungal infection that affects the toenails. Less commonly, nail fungus infects the fingernails. Nail fungus is also called onychomycosis. Toenail fungus happens when fungi get between the toenail and the toenail bed . This usually happens through a crack or cut in your toe. Also Check: Does Vicks Really Work For Toenail Fungus What Causes A Nail Fungal Infection The infection is usually caused by exposure to a fungus. The fungus grows in wet, dark conditions. The fungus grows when your feet are in warm, sweaty environment . It enters your nail through a crack in the nail. Nail fungal infections happen at any age. They are more common in adults older than 60 years of age. They are common in people who have diabetes or circulation problems. They also are common in people with a weakened immune system. Men are more likely than women to get fungal nail infections. Treating Fungal Nail Infection Treatment may not be necessary in mild cases of fungal nail infection. For more severe or troublesome cases, antifungal medication may be recommended. A fungal nail infection is unlikely to get better without treatment, but if you’re not bothered by it you might decide it’s not worth treating because treatment can take a long time, may cause side effects, and isn’t always effective. Whether or not you decide to have treatment, you should still follow the self-help advice below to help stop the condition getting worse or spreading to others. Recommended Reading: Will Lotrimin Help Toenail Fungus What Is Green Nail Syndrome And Why Isnt A Fungal Infection For a long time now, most individuals have regarded green nails as fungal infections. However, this is untrue. Green nail syndrome is a nail infection that is caused by a bacterium known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the other hand, fungal infections are caused by fungi. This means that green nails cannot be classified as a fungal infection. Because green nail syndrome is caused by bacteria, it occurs more frequently than a fungal infection and is also easier to treat than the latter. Home Remedies To Get Rid Of Nail Fungus Although some people may refer to these alternative treatments as quack science, there appears to be a little more to these homemade remedies since many individuals have used them to cure their conditions. However, more research still needs to be conducted on the success rate of home remedies for nail fungus. Some common and supposedly effective alternative treatments include: According to Dr. Josh Axe of the Exodus Health Center, apple cidar vinegar not only helps to soothe sunburns, balance pH in the body, manage blood sugar levels, and aid in weight loss, its also an ingredient that contains anti-fungal properties. As such, many sufferers of fungal nail infection have now turned to this healthy food to cure their conditions. The acidic properties of apple cidar vinegar prevent nail fungus from spreading. At the same time, apple cidar vinegar helps to get rid of dead skin cells while killing bacteria and fungi. Simply mix it with water in equal parts then soak the infected nails for up to 30 minutes in the solution. Repeat this process daily and pat dry the infected nails after soaking. Another study conducted by Russian researchers showed that a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide had been instrumental in killing off fungus at the radioactive Chernobyl site. For this remedy, one should simply apply lemon juice on the infected nail for about 30 minutes before rinsing off with warm water. Recommended Reading: Does Vicks Vaporub Help With Toenail Fungus Is It Possible To Prevent The Recurrence Of Nail Fungus Tinea pedis, also known as athlete’s foot or foot fungus, can cause recurrence of fungal nails. Therefore, it is important to manage this condition. One can apply over-the-counter antifungal medicines such as clotrimazole or terbinafine cream as directed to affected skin. Keeping footwear and socks clean can be helpful. You can also use portable UV light sanitizers to disinfect shoes. What Other Conditions Can Be Mistaken For Fungal Nails Here are some other conditions you may have instead of fungal nails: You May Like: Do Home Remedies Work For Toenail Fungus About Fungal Nail Infection Many people develop a fungal nail infection at some point in their life. It’s not usually serious, but can be unpleasant and difficult to treat. The infection develops slowly and causes the nail to become discoloured, thickened and distorted. Toenails are more frequently affected than the fingernails. The medical name for a fungal nail infection is onychomycosis. Structure Of The Nail Nails are made from a protein called keratin. This is the same protein that makes up skin and hair. Nails grow from cells that multiply within the base of the nail, then layer on top of each other and harden. This is called keratinisation.The strength, thickness and growth rate of nails are characteristics that we inherit from our parents. The structures of the nail include: - Nail matrix where nail growth occurs, tucked under the skin behind the nail - Nail plate the visible part of the nail - Nail bed the nail plate sits on top of the nail bed. The nail plate looks pink because of the blood-rich capillaries in the nail bed - Lunula the crescent-moon shape that you can sometimes see at the base of the nail plate - Nail folds the slender skin grooves that hold the nail plate in place - Cuticle the flap of thin tissue over the base of the nail plate. You May Like: How To Soak Feet For Toenail Fungus Fingernail And Toenail Fungus Infection Treatment Revive is known for its cutting edge medical technology and we now offer the newest effective FDA Cleared nail fungus treatment. Let Revive help you regain your healthy nails and feet. Experience our fingernail and toenail fungus treatments using our FDA cleared Motus AY Laser which research shows is the most effective way to cure nail fungus. Our laser nail therapy specializes in fingernail and toenail fungus treatment. Our certified laser technicians can successfully treat your nail fungus. Fingernail and toenail fungus infections are unsightly and embarrassing the infected nails becomes yellow, thick and hard to cut. Although nail fungus infections are very common, they can be very difficult to treat. Until recently, the most common treatment for toenail fungus was taking pills that might cause liver toxicity. But several years of research gave birth to a much safer solution: The Motus AY Laser. This safe, quick laser treatment has been researched and proven to be a very effective cure for toenail fungus and fingernail fungus infections. In one study after only 4 treatments over 4 weeks, 95% of the subjects studied had their fungus cleared at 12 months. Fingernail and Toenail Fungus Laser Treatment The Advantages of Our Laser Treatments How Does Laser Fingernail and Toenail Fungus Removal Work? Q & A About Nail Fungus Why Trust Verywell Health As a seasoned health writer, Danielle Zoellner knows the importance of finding just the right product to fit your medical needs. Throughout her career, Danielle has interviewed a variety of experts in the medical and health fields while reviewing dozens of products. Her experience and knowledge in the field work together to help readers like yourself find the best products for your daily life. Additional reporting for this story by Jennifer Nied For over 10 years, Jennifer Nied has reviewed products, interviewed experts, scrutinized ingredients, and pored over research studies and claims, to help readers like you understand what works for your specific conditions. Every product in this piece was selected taking into account recommendations from doctors, published research, and real customer reviews. Also Check: What Cures Nail Fungus Naturally Affects Ears Fingers Nails Toes And Genitals Fungal infections are some of the most common infections, affecting various parts of the body like, ears, fingers, nails, toes, genitals etc. Nail fungus is one such infection. Onychomycosis is the name of the type of fungus that causes infection on nails both toenails and fingernails. This infection takes time to develop so you might not notice is initially. Fungi are always present in your body alongside bacteria. The nail becomes infected when there is an overgrowth of fungus on or under the nail. This infection is communicable and can spread via direct or indirect contact. For example, if you borrow an infected persons shoes or gloves, you too might catch the infection. The fungus develops in warm, moist environment. This is why it usually affects toenails rather than fingernails as your feet are mostly covered while you wear shoes which provide the fungus an ideal environment to grow. Causes and Risk Factors for Nail Fungus Living or working in a hot, humid environment Constantly covered feet Diabetic patients, who have reduced blood circulation in their feet Direct contact with someone who has nail fungus Minor cuts or injuries around the nail Using communal showers or public swimming pools Sweating a lot, especially in your feet and on your hands A weak immune system Medications used to treat toenail fungus include terbinafine and itraconazole . Laser treatment is also available but it is expensive and doesnt guarantee results. Tea Tree Oil Top 12 Home Remedies To Get Rid Of Nail Fungus Naturally Commonly known to the layman as fungal nail infection, Onychomycosis is an infection that occurs when fungus forms beneath the nails. The condition can develop as a result of poor foot hygiene, continuous exposure to moist environments, wearing unbreathable synthetic socks, accumulation of sweat in shoes, imbalanced pH levels of the skin, a compromised immune system, and conditions like diabetes that constricts blood flow.Upon infection, Onychomycosis will cause the nail to thicken, discolor, and eventually crumble into pieces. If left untreated, the condition can become painful. As the infection progresses, areas around the infected toenails or fingernails may swell and begin to give off a foul smell too. Don’t Miss: What Doctor For Toenail Fungus

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