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Dogs, just like humans, require some TLC when it comes to grooming and maintaining their fur. But do they really need conditioner? Let’s take a look at the reasons why conditioner might serve our canine friends and how it fits into their grooming regimen. First and foremost, dogs have unique skin and fur properties. Their fur is often thick and can be prone to tangling, especially for breeds with longer hair like Poodles and Golden Retrievers. Conditioner helps smooth out those tangles, making the fur easier to comb through and reducing the risk of painful tugs during grooming sessions. As a bonus, it can leave your dog’s fur looking healthy and shiny! Another important factor to consider is the skin underneath your dog’s fur. Our furry friends can suffer from dry, itchy, or even irritated skin due to various factors, such as allergies or environmental pollutants. Just as people use conditioner to moisturize their hair, it can serve a similar purpose for dogs—adding a layer of hydration and protection to their sensitive skin. However, it’s essential to remember that not all conditioners are created equal. Just like a human haircare product, selecting a conditioner specifically formulated for dogs is crucial. Ingredients that may be suitable for humans might not be ideal for your dog’s skin and fur, and may even cause irritation. Additionally, the pH level of a dog-specific conditioner is balanced for your dog’s skin, ensuring they get the most effective and safe results. Now, you may be wondering, “Should I use conditioner every time I bathe my furry companion?” The answer is: it depends. Dogs with short fur or infrequent grooming needs may not require conditioner at each bath. However, if Fido has longer hair or a more complicated fur texture, incorporating conditioner into their bath routine might just make life easier for both of you. In conclusion, while not every dog needs conditioner, incorporating it into your pet’s grooming regimen could help make brushing easier, protect their skin, and give them a luxurious, shiny coat. When in doubt, consult with your veterinarian or a professional groomer for guidance on the best products for your dog’s specific needs. Just remember, even our four-legged friends deserve that extra pampering and TLC! Benefits of Dog Conditioner Detangling and Matting Control Dog conditioners help in detangling and controlling matting, especially for long-coated breeds. If you’ve ever tried brushing a tangled pup, you know it can be quite the feat! A good dog conditioner can make a world of difference when it comes to brushing through those tangles, making both you and your furry friend much happier. Plus, it significantly reduces the occurrence of painful mats, which can lead to skin infections or cause discomfort for your canine companion. Moisturizing and Soothing Properties Dry, itchy skin isn’t just bothersome for humans – dogs can suffer from it too. Many dog conditioners contain natural ingredients like colloidal oatmeal and essential oils, which moisturize and soothe irritated skin. These ingredients not only leave your dog’s coat feeling softer but also help alleviate some of the itchiness that comes with dry skin or allergies. And let’s face it – a less itchy dog means fewer scratch-induced interruptions during snuggle sessions. It’s a win-win! Improves Dog’s Coat Health Different coat types come with their own set of challenges, but one thing they all have in common is a need for proper care. Using a dog conditioner can greatly improve your dog’s coat health, regardless of their hair type. Whether you’re dealing with a curly-coated Poodle or a sleek, short-haired Greyhound, the right conditioner can make their hair shinier and healthier. It’ll be like your dog just stepped out of a doggy-salon photo shoot! Keep in mind that human conditioner isn’t meant for our furry friends, as it may contain ingredients that are harmful to them. Stick to specially-formulated dog conditioners to guarantee safety and effectiveness. Dog Conditioner Ingredients Dogs can benefit from various natural ingredients often included in conditioners. For instance, oatmeal is a popular choice for its gentle and soothing properties, making it an excellent option for dogs with sensitive skin. Aloe vera and honey are other natural ingredients often found in conditioners, as they possess moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties that help to nourish your dog’s skin and coat. Another fantastic natural ingredient is coconut oil, which serves as a natural moisturizer and helps maintain a healthy coat. Alongside coconut oil, yogurt, and pumpkin can be beneficial components of a conditioner, offering nourishment and promoting a radiant coat for your canine companion. Essential Oils and Supplements Essential oils are often included in dog conditioners due to their pleasant aroma and potential skin benefits. However, it is crucial to ensure that the essential oils used in the conditioner are safe for dogs, as some can be toxic. Stick to canine-friendly options like lavender, chamomile, and frankincense. Additionally, vitamin E oil is a popular supplement known for its antioxidant properties, helping to keep your dog’s skin and coat looking healthy and vibrant. It is usually found in conditioners to provide nourishment, improve skin health, and promote a shiny coat. Avoiding Harmful Chemicals To ensure your dog’s conditioner is safe and effective, it is essential to avoid products with harmful chemicals like artificial dyes or harsh detergents. These can potentially cause irritation, allergies, or even harm your dog’s skin and coat. Instead, search for conditioners that are pH balanced and specifically formulated to be safe for dogs. By doing so, you can keep your canine’s skin healthy, while maintaining their coat’s appeal. In conclusion, when searching for the perfect dog conditioner, prioritize natural ingredients, essential oils, and supplements tailored for canines, while steering clear of harmful chemicals. Doing so will not only keep your furry friend looking fabulous but also ensure their wellbeing. Selecting the Right Dog Conditioner Breed and Coat Type Different dog breeds have unique coat types that require specific care. For example, a Yorkie’s long, silky hair may need a conditioner made for easy de-tangling and shine enhancement, while an Afghan Hound’s thick undercoat could benefit from deep hydrating conditioners. In contrast, short-haired breeds might not need conditioner at all! Consider your dog’s specific breed and coat type, and consult a grooming professional or veterinarian if unsure about which conditioner to use. Skin Sensitivity and Allergies Dogs, like humans, can have sensitive skin or allergies that can be irritated by certain products. Soap-free and hypoallergenic conditioners are available for those fur babies with delicate skin types. These formulas typically contain less harsh chemicals, making them gentler on your dog’s skin. Scrutinize the ingredient list and look out for natural additives like aloe vera and chamomile, which can be soothing for sensitive skin. 2-in-1 Dog Shampoo and Conditioner For canines who aren’t keen on prolonged grooming sessions, 2-in-1 dog shampoo and conditioner products might be the ticket! These hybrid formulas streamline the bathing process, combining two crucial steps to maximize efficiency and minimize your pup’s grooming anxiety. However, these products generally offer compromise – while they clean and condition to some extent, they may not be as specialized for specific coat or skin types. When in doubt, ask your vet or groomer for guidance. One last tidbit of grooming wisdom: when using dog conditioner, be sure to rinse thoroughly to avoid residue that can cause a dull, greasy appearance. Good luck on your grooming adventures and remember—dogs might not need conditioner, but a little pampering can go a long way for your four-legged friend’s coat health and happiness! Bathing and Grooming Routine How Often to Bathe Your Dog? Every dog is different, and so is their need for a bath. Some may require more frequent bathing, while others can go weeks without one. Factors such as your dog’s breed, lifestyle, and coat type play a significant role in determining the bathing schedule. Generally, most dogs need a bath every 4-6 weeks to keep their skin and coat clean and healthy. Active dogs that spend a lot of time outside or those with long, thick coats may need more frequent baths to manage dirt, shedding, and grime, while short-haired and indoor dogs can get by with less. Using Shampoo and Conditioner Together When it comes to bathing your furry friend, it’s important to use the right products. Specifically, dog shampoo and conditioner should be designed for canine use as human products may cause irritation. Start with a gentle, hypoallergenic dog shampoo that cleans without stripping away natural oils. After shampooing, a dog conditioner can help detangle, smooth, and soften the coat. This is particularly beneficial for dogs with long or curly hair, as it can reduce tangling, making grooming a breeze. Those with short hair may not require a conditioner, but it certainly won’t hurt to use one, especially if it’s a 2-in-1 shampoo and conditioner. Here’s a quick pet-owner’s tip for you: When bathing your dog, avoid getting shampoo and water in their eyes, ears, and nose, as it can be distressing for them and potentially cause infections. Proper Rinsing and Drying Once you’ve lathered up your dog with dog shampoo and followed up with conditioner (if necessary), it’s crucial to rinse thoroughly. Use warm water to remove all traces of shampoo and conditioner from your dog’s coat, as any remaining residue may cause irritation. To avoid heat shock, never use hot or cold water – just remember, Goldilocks was right, it has to be just right. After rinsing, it’s time for drying. Start with a quick shake; your wet dog will likely do this naturally, so watch out for the splash zone. Then, use a soft, absorbent towel (or consider yourself a pet rag), gently pat your dog’s coat, being careful not to rub, as this can cause tangles. If your dog tolerates it, you can also use a hairdryer on a low heat and speed setting, making sure to keep it at a safe distance to prevent burns. Remember, nobody likes a soggy doggy – a properly dried coat will make your dog feel more comfortable and prevent any unpleasant smells from lingering. And that’s it! A simple yet efficient bathing and grooming routine that’ll keep your four-legged companion looking and smelling great. Additional Tips and Tricks When it comes to grooming your furry friend, you might wonder if dogs need conditioner. First, it’s essential to understand that using human shampoo on dogs is not recommended, as it can disrupt the natural balance of oils on their skin, leading to dryness, itching, and hair loss. Instead, opt for a dog-specific shampoo to avoid any adverse effects. For some pups, a conditioner may be beneficial, especially if their coat tends to be dry or prone to tangles. Dog conditioner sprays usually contain ingredients such as aloe vera, honey, and amino acids, which help hydrate and soften their fur. For example, aloe vera is known for its moisturizing and soothing properties, and can help alleviate any skin irritation your dog may be experiencing. Heat can also play a role in how much conditioning your dog may need. In hot weather, it’s essential to keep your dog well-hydrated, both inside and outside. Regularly offering water and using dog conditioner sprays can help maintain their coat’s health and prevent hair loss. Remember, treats, and cuddles are like the emotional conditioner for your dog, so be generous with affection to keep your pup happy and healthy. Some dogs might be more prone to getting dirty or having adventures in the mud. In these cases, using a conditioner can make post-adventure clean-up easier by helping to rinse out the dirt. For puppies or dogs with thin coats, a conditioner can also provide an extra layer of protection, promoting healthy growth and minimizing hair loss due to breakage. So while it might not be necessary for every dog to use a conditioner, keeping these tips and tricks in mind will ensure a well-groomed and happy pup. After all, a clean and well-conditioned dog is a happy dog, and a happy dog means a happy owner! Best Dog Conditioners on the Market When it comes to keeping your dog’s coat healthy and manageable, conditioner can be an excellent addition to their grooming routine. In this section, we will cover some of the best dog conditioners available on the market, as well as which options are suitable for puppies and seniors. Recommended Brands and Products There are several top-notch brands and products for dog conditioners that cater to different canine needs. Some of the highly-recommended ones include: - Earthbath Oatmeal & Aloe Conditioner: This all-natural conditioner is designed to detangle fur and soothe dry, itchy skin. It is pH-balanced, cruelty-free, and leaves your dog’s coat soft and shiny. - HELPS RELIEVE ITCHING & DRY SKIN: This pH-balanced conditioner with colloidal oatmeal detangles coats while re-moisturizing and soothing itchy, dry skin. It will leave your best friend's coat soft and... - NATURAL & ORGANIC INGREDIENTS: Blended with the finest ingredients, such as vegetable-derived conditioner & detangler, organic shea butter, colloidal oatmeal, and organic aloe vera. NO PARABENS, NO... - SAFE & EFFECTIVE: Our products are designed with the health of your beloved, furry friend in mind. We believe the ingredients that touch your pet's coat and skin should be as naturally effective,... - MADE IN USA & CRUELTY FREE: We at earthbath have a genuine love for pets and concern for the environment. Since 1995, these passions have been at the heart of everything we do, from the ingredients we... - HAPPINESS GUARANTEE: We are so sure you will love this product that we will refund your money if you are not satisfied for any reason - Burt’s Bees for Dogs Natural Oatmeal Conditioner: Another oatmeal-based conditioner, Burt’s Bees offers a gentle and moisturizing option for your furry friend. It is free from harmful chemicals and fragrances, making it suitable even for dogs with sensitive skin. - DID YOU KNOW DOG SKIN DIFFERS FROM HUMAN'S - Dogs' skin is less acidic than human skin, so human shampoos destroy a dog's skin protective barrier, leaving your pet vulnerable to itchy flaking - NO. 1 PET GROOMING BRAND IN THE USA-See why millions of pet parents entrust their pet's health and hygiene to Burt's Bees for Pets. This natural shampoo for dogs is no exception - SOOTHES AND SOFTENS - Burt's Bees Oatmeal Conditioner moisturizes, soothes, softens, and conditions your dog's dry skin and coat - SUITABLE FOR ALL DOGS AND PUPPIES - This mild tearless shampoo is pH balanced especially for all dogs and puppies - MADE WITH THE HIGHEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS - All naturally derived ingredients include colloidal oatmeal, honey, and beeswax for sensitive skin - FURminator deShedding Ultra-Premium Dog Conditioner: This conditioner by FURminator is specially designed to help reduce shedding and promote a healthy coat. It contains omega-3 and -6 fatty acids and other natural ingredients, which can help maintain your dog’s overall skin and coat health. - Furminator deSheddign Ultra Premium Conditioner - Reduces excess shedding by releasing the undercoat during the bath - Contains no parabens or chemical dyes - Enriched with Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, Chamomile Extract and Aloe Vera - Use monthly as part of the Furminator at-home professional grooming regiment for best results Suitable for Puppies and Seniors When selecting a conditioner for younger puppies or older dogs, it is essential to choose a product that’s gentle yet effective. Here are some options to consider: - PetAg Fresh ‘N Clean 2-in-1 Conditioning Shampoo for Dogs: This product serves as both a shampoo and conditioner, making it an excellent choice for puppies who might not tolerate a two-step bathing process. It is pH-balanced and contains soothing aloe vera to help moisturize their delicate skin. - Contains Vitamin E: Protects and repairs skin - Aloe Vera: Nourishes and re-moisturizes dogs' coat and skin - Fresh 'n Clean Conditioning Shampoo: Designed to strengthen, repair and restore pet skin and coats - Arm and Hammer Deodorant: Keeps pets smelling clean - Excellent Care Solution: PetAg delivers top-quality products for owners and animal professionals - Isle of Dogs Silky Oatmeal Conditioner: Ideal for seniors with drier, more brittle coats, this conditioner contains oatmeal and jojoba oil to help nourish and protect your old friend’s skin and fur. - SILKY OATMEAL CONDITIONER: A deep-penetrating coat conditioner formulated to moisturize the coat for a soft, smooth look and feel! Everyday Natural Luxury's moisturizing dog conditioner is free of... - SMOOTHER COAT, LESS SHEDDING: Perfect for dogs and puppies of any breed or coat type! This smoothing oatmeal conditioner helps the coat lay flat to prevent tangles and is excellent for releasing dead... - FRESHENING FORMULA: Invites more cuddles and pets! A clean, shiny, and fresh coat is a good indicator of a healthy, well-loved pup and a necessity for extended cuddle time. Silky Oatmeal shampoo... - SULFATE & PARABEN FREE: High-quality performance you can trust! Everyday NaturaLuxury is a collection of shampoos and conditioners created with gentle sulfate & paraben-free formulations and a... - ISLE OF DOGS: We take beauty beyond fluff with premium dog grooming products that promote inner wellness and outer beauty. Rooted in our rich dog show heritage and search for excellence, our... Remember, it’s essential to choose a conditioner that caters to your dog’s specific needs. Be sure to check the label for any potential allergens and always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for use. Happy grooming!

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(Last Update: 03/18/2024) Are you dreaming of a bedroom that whispers luxury with every glance? The right wood bed frame can dramatically shift the ambiance of your space, marrying form and function in a dance of elegance. This guide explores the world of luxury wood bed frame designs that promise to elevate your bedroom's style to new heights. Discover how these meticulously crafted pieces aren't just furniture but transformative elements that enhance the beauty and comfort of your retreat. Avocado Green Bed Frame Ideal Sleepers for Eco-Conscious Comfort The Avocado Green Bed Frame is a dream come true for environmentally conscious individuals seeking sustainable luxury in their sleep sanctuary. Ideal for those who prioritize eco-friendly products without compromising on quality and design, this bed frame appeals to anyone looking to positively impact the environment right from their bedroom. - Sustainably Sourced Materials: Made from reclaimed wood and natural, non-toxic finishes. - Carbon Neutral Product: Achieved through renewable energy production and carbon offset initiatives. - Zero-Waste Philosophy: Designed with minimal waste production and recyclable packaging in mind. - Certified Eco-Friendly: Boasts certifications from leading environmental organizations, ensuring its production meets rigorous ecological standards. Sustainable Style in Focus The Avocado Green Bed Frame transcends its function as a mere piece of furniture to become a sustainable style statement. Its design philosophy harmonizes with the aesthetics of eco-luxury, making it a focal point in any bedroom or guest room that speaks volumes about the owner's commitment to environmental stewardship and sophisticated taste. Customer Love for Eco-Friendly Design Stellar Rating: 4.9 out of 5 from 3,686 reviews, the Avocado Green Bed Frame has captured the hearts of eco-conscious consumers. Customers rave about its: - Quality and Solidity: Praising its robust design and lasting materials. - Eco-Friendly Credentials: Appreciating sustainable sourcing and production practices. - Aesthetic Appeal: Loving the natural beauty and elegance it adds to their bedrooms. - Positive Environmental Impact: Valuing the contribution to reducing their ecological footprint. This overwhelming customer love underscores the growing demand for sustainable luxury and the Avocado Green Bed Frame's success in meeting that demand. Edenbrook Delta California King Bed Frame with Headboard Perfect Users for Regal Nights The Edenbrook Delta California King Bed Frame with Headboard is crafted for those who treasure the blend of spacious luxury and elegant design in their bedrooms. It suits individuals or couples who prioritize comfort with a touch of grandeur, offering generous dimensions for an expansive sleeping experience. This bed frame is a favored option for anyone seeking to elevate their bedroom's aesthetic and functional appeal. Its design embodies both space and luxury. Features of the Bed Frame - Spacious Design: Accommodates expansive California King mattresses with ease. - Elegant Headboard: Features a sophisticated headboard that enhances room aesthetics. - Sturdy Structure: Built to last with high-quality materials, ensuring solidity and stability. - Easy Assembly: Designed for quick setup to transform your bedroom quickly. Benefits of Upgrading Upgrading this wood bed frame model introduces a previously unattainable level of elegance and comfort. It serves as the centerpiece of your suite and enhances the overall quality of rest with its supportive structure and luxurious design. Customer Satisfaction and Luxurious Sleep Impressive Rating: 4.9 out of 5 stars based on 3,686 reviews; customers have overwhelmingly expressed satisfaction. Highlighted benefits include its superior comfort, enhanced bedroom elegance, and high sleep quality. This bed frame is a testament to luxury and customer satisfaction in bedroom furnishings. Lafayette Cherry King Sleigh Bed by Home Styles Ideal Bedrooms for This Style The Lafayette Cherry King Sleigh Bed is ideal for those who appreciate traditional bedroom decor's classic beauty and warmth. Its rich cherry finish and elegant sleigh design perfectly match vintage-themed interiors or spaces adorned with dark wood furnishings. This bed frame enhances bedrooms by creating a warm, inviting ambiance, and it complements decor that values timeless luxury and comfort, making it a distinguished choice for anyone looking to infuse their space with refined elegance. Benefits for Sleighing Your Bedroom Game - Timeless Style: The sleigh bed's curved headboard and footboard offer an iconic look transcending fleeting design trends. - Durable Design: Crafted from natural wood with a rich cherry finish, this bed promises years of stability and beauty. - Versatile Appeal: Its classic design complements a wide range of room furnishings and décor aesthetic, making it a versatile choice for many homes. - Comfort and Support: The bed's robust frame supports a king-sized mattress, ensuring a comfortable, spacious sleep area for ultimate relaxation. Why This Sleigh Bed Reigns Supreme: - Elegance Redefined: The Lafayette bed elevates bedroom aesthetics with its sophisticated curves and lustrous cherry finish. - Craftsmanship: High-quality materials and craftsmanship ensure longevity, making it a valuable addition to any bedroom. - Adaptable Style: Effortlessly fits into contemporary and traditional settings, enhancing the room's overall charm. - Spacious Luxury: The king size offers ample space, promoting a better sleep experience. Customer Experiences with This Bed Frame Rated 4.1 out of 5 stars based on 156 ratings, customers have shared their positive experiences: - Comfort: Many appreciate the spacious and comfortable sleep area. - Aesthetics: Users love the rich cherry finish and how it enhances their room décor. - Solidity: The bed's sturdy structure has been highlighted as a significant advantage. - Ease of Assembly: Some customers have noted the straightforward assembly process, making it an even more appealing choice. Max & Lily Full Size Bed Frame with Slatted Headboard Smart Design for Smart Spaces The Max & Lily Full Size Bed Frame with Slatted Headboard is thoughtfully designed for growing families, featuring a full-size platform to accommodate children into their teenage years. Its sturdy structure prioritizes safety with rounded edges, making it ideal for a child's bedroom. Furthermore, the bed frame's versatile style easily adapts to evolving tastes, ensuring its long-term suitability in any decor. Additionally, the under-bed clearance provides a practical storage solution for toys, books, or bedding, enhancing the space's functionality and organization. The Wooden Bed Frames Are Perfect for Growing Families This bed frame is designed with bed size and growing families in mind, providing: - A full-size platform that accommodates children as they grow into teenagers. - A sturdy, safe structure without sharp edges, making it child-friendly. - The versatility of blending with various decors ensures it remains suitable as tastes evolve. - An under-bed clearance that offers additional storage solutions for toys, books, or bedding. Benefits of Style and Practicality - Elegant Simplicity: The sleek, modern design enhances any bedroom's aesthetics without overwhelming the space. - Built to Last: Built from high-quality natural wood, it's a durable piece that will withstand the test of time. - Space-Saving Genius: Its compact design and under-bed storage capabilities offer clever solutions for tight spaces. - Adaptable Style: The neutral and timeless appearance allows easy integration into various bedroom themes and color schemes. Customer Stories of Love and Function Boasting a 4.4 out of 5 stars rating from 3,492 customer reviews, the Max & Lily Full Size Bed Frame has garnered praise for: Assembly Ease: Buyers appreciate the straightforward setup process. Quality Construction: Many users highlight the bed's sturdy build and quality materials. Design Versatility: Customers love how it seamlessly fits into children's and adults' bedrooms. Customer Satisfaction: There's widespread acclaim for the bed frame's ability to meet and exceed expectations in form and function. Mellow Naturalista Classic Solid Wood Platform Bed The Allure of the Wooden Bed Frame The Mellow Naturalista Classic platform bed beautifully brings the essence of nature into the bedroom. Its solid wood construction showcases an elegant A design that accentuates the natural grain and texture of the wood, offering a serene and inviting look. This bed frame is robust, ensuring stability and longevity but also represents an eco-friendly choice, made from sustainably sourced wood to minimize environmental impact. Its warm presence transforms any bedroom into a tranquil space, perfectly blending style and sustainability. Best Suited for Whom? This bed is a haven for: - Environmental enthusiasts who prioritize sustainable living practices. - Sleepers seeking a calm, nature-inspired retreat in their sleep space. - Those who appreciate natural wood's timeless beauty and uniqueness in furnishings. - Anyone looking to create a sturdy, serene sleeping quarters environment that promotes restful sleep. Advantages of Going with the Grain - Solidity and Strength: Solid wood structure ensures a stable, long-lasting frame supporting significant weight. - Timeless Aesthetic: The classic design and natural wood finish always stay in style, offering a chic, versatile look for any decor. - Health and Environmental Benefits: Natural, non-toxic materials contribute to better indoor air quality and a healthier planet. - Unique Character: Each bed frame has unique grain patterns, making it a one-of-a-kind piece that adds personality and warmth to the bedroom. Customer Affirmations of Natural Choice With a stellar 4.6 out of 5 stars rating from 18,295 reviews, customers have overwhelmingly praised the Mellow Naturalista Classic for: - Assembly Ease: The straightforward, hassle-free assembly process. - Quality and Stability: High marks for the bed's solid structure and premium feel. - Aesthetic Appeal: Enthusiastic feedback on its elegant, natural look that enhances suite decor. - Customer Satisfaction: Positive experiences underscore the bed's ability to meet and exceed expectations in function and form. Pemberly Row Solid Wood Minimalist Boho Queen Canopy Bed Boho Chic AestheticDefined The Pemberly Row Wood Minimalist Boho Queen Canopy Bed embodies bohemian elegance with a minimalist twist. It features: - A simple yet striking canopy structure that invites creativity in draping and decoration. - The wood design emphasizes natural beauty and stability. - This slick, understated design is a versatile foundation for boho, minimalist, or eclectic bedroom decor. - Creating the ideal fusion of aesthetics and practicality for a serene and inviting bedroom retreat. Who is This Bed Frame For? The Pemberly Row Solid Wood bed frame is the perfect choice for those who seek a blend of bohemian charm and minimalist aesthetics in their sleeping quarters. Ideal for individuals who place a high value on both the quality of craftsmanship and the importance of using sustainable materials, its natural wood construction offers both durability and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, this bed frame is a creative canvas for those wishing to personalize their sleep space with unique canopy drapes and decorations, making it an excellent option for transforming any bedroom into a peaceful, boho-inspired sanctuary. The Boho Benefits: - Aesthetic Appeal: Its minimalist design complements various decorative styles, offering a chic, versatile look. - Quality Craftsmanship: The bed frame ensures solidity and longevity, standing the test of time. - Personalization Potential: The canopy frame invites creativity, allowing personalized touches that reflect individual style. - Sustainable Choice: Prioritizing wood construction ensures quality and supports more sustainable furniture choices. Customer Reflections on Bohemian Luxury With positive feedback, customers have highlighted: - Stylish Design: Enthusiastic about the bed's ability to elevate sleeping quarters aesthetics with simple, elegant lines. - Build Quality: Praising the natural wood structure for its sturdiness and longevity. - Versatility: Appreciate how it seamlessly blends into various decor themes, from minimalist to fully bohemian. - Creative Freedom: Loving the opportunity to customize the canopy with lights, fabric, or greenery, making each bed truly unique. Plank+Beam Solid Wood Platform Bed Frame The Plank+Beam Wood Platform Bed Frame emphasizes stability and natural beauty, featuring: - Robust solid wood construction that guarantees stability and support. - A sleek, minimalist design highlighting the wood's natural grain and texture. - An easy-to-assemble structure designed for longevity and convenience. - Eco-friendly materials that contribute to a healthier sleeping quarters environment. This bed frame is a perfect match for: - Families seeking furniture that can withstand the wear and tear of daily use. - Environmentally conscious individuals looking for sustainable bedroom solutions. - Anyone appreciating craftsmanship and the timeless appeal of wood. - Those requiring a reliable bed frame that promises years of comfort and style. Benefits of the Bed Frame - Solidity and Reliability: The bed frame ensures the bed frame withstands the test of time and usage. - Eco-Friendly Choice: Made from sustainably sourced wood, it's a purchase you can feel good about environmentally. - Versatile Style: Its simple, elegant design fits seamlessly into any bedroom decor, from traditional to contemporary. - Healthier Sleep Environment: Solid wood is known for its natural properties that contribute to a cleaner, healthier rest space. Positive Feedback from Families The Plank+Beam Wood Platform Bed Frame rated 4.2 out of 5 stars from 58 ratings, has received considerable acclaim from families. Its sturdy build is especially valued for withstanding children's lively activities, making it a reliable choice for family homes. Another highlight is its appeal, with the natural beauty of the wood and the frame's thoughtful design frequently praised. This aspect contributes significantly to its popularity among those looking to enhance their home's visual appeal. The ease of assembly is also a well-appreciated feature. Customers have expressed satisfaction with the straightforward process, which adds to the overall positive experience of acquiring one of these beds. Lastly, the long-term satisfaction reported by users, noting the bed's lasting quality and comfort, underscores its value. Families have shared positive feedback on its durability and stability, reaffirming its worth as an investment. The Bed by Thuma The Bed by Thuma is celebrated for its minimalist design, seamlessly blending into any bedroom decor. Crafted with precision from eco-friendly materials, it offers stability and sustainability. Its unique, tool-free assembly underscores the brand's commitment to simplicity and innovation. Furthermore, the elevated platform design enhances the aesthetic appeal and promotes airflow, contributing to the mattress's longevity. The wooden beds are a testament to thoughtful design, merging functionality with environmental consciousness. Who Will Appreciate This Minimalist Marvel This bed frame is ideal for: - Minimalists who prioritize simplicity and functionality in their living spaces. - Eco-conscious individuals looking for sustainably made furniture. - Anyone who values ease of assembly and mobility in their room furniture. - Those who appreciate a clutter-free environment conducive to restful sleep. Benefits of Minimalist Living - Enhanced Focus and Clarity: Minimalist designs help reduce distractions, promoting a more focused and peaceful mindset. - Increased Space and Freedom: A clutter-free sleeping quarters offers more physical space and the psychological freedom of simplicity. Sustainability: Choosing furniture with a minimalist design often means investing in quality and sustainability, reducing waste and environmental impact. - Time and Cost Efficiency: Minimalist furniture, like The wooden beds by Thuma, require less care and can adapt to changing decor styles. Customer Accolades for Simplistic Design The Bed by Thuma has earned high praise, reflected in its 4.7 out of 5 stars rating from 17,928 reviews. Customers appreciate its aesthetic versatility, noting its ability to effortlessly fit into various interior designs. The use of eco-friendly materials and the bed's solid construction have also been highlighted for their quality and sustainability. Additionally, the tool-free assembly process is a significant advantage, offering ease of setup. Many reviews underline the comfort and robust frame support, contributing to a restful sleep experience. ZINUS Moiz Wood Platform Bed Frame Perfect Match for Budget-Conscious Green Hearts The ZINUS Moiz Wood Platform Bed Frame exemplifies how sustainable living and budget-conscious decisions can go hand in hand. It boasts a sturdy construction from sustainably sourced materials, minimizing its environmental footprint. Despite its affordability, it doesn't skimp on quality or stability. Its sleek, minimalist design is perfect for sleepers who appreciate simplicity in their bedroom decor. The bed frame's easy assembly process, with all necessary parts and instructions included, also ensures a hassle-free setup without needing extra tools or help. This best-seller bed frame is a perfect selection for eco-conscious individuals looking for an economical yet durable option. Cost-Effective Design and Features - Sleek Simplicity: The streamlined design offers a modern, understated look that unites any bedroom. - Sturdy Support: It is built to support your mattress without needing a box spring, offering a cost-saving and reliable foundation. - Eco-Friendly Materials: Utilizes renewable woods, aligning value with values by offering an eco-conscious sleep solution. - Ease of Assembly: Designed for simple setup, it reduces potential extra installation costs and can be assembled quickly. Cost-Effective Wood Bed Frames: - The ZINUS Moiz is not just a bed frame; it's an investment in quality sleep without breaking the bank. - Offers a robust build designed to last, providing long-term value for money. - Its minimalist design facilitates versatility in decor, ensuring it remains a staple through various style changes. - Prioritizes mattress support and stability, enhancing the overall sleep experience. Why Savvy Shoppers Are Smiling The ZINUS Wood Platform Bed Frame is a standout product, boasting a 4.6 out of 5 stars rating from 20,047 reviews. This high rating reflects customer satisfaction with its value for money. The unbeatable combination of affordable price, high quality, and stylish design makes it a popular selection for savvy shoppers. Customers also like the eco-friendly aspect of the wooden beds. Its sustainable design and use of minimally impactful materials underscore the growing demand for products that don't harm the environment. The durability and support offered by the sturdy frame have also been highlighted in reviews. Customers praise its ability to provide reliable mattress support, ensuring a stable and comfortable sleep experience. This aspect of the Zinus bed frame ensures that it's affordable but also long-lasting and functional. Helix Madison Natural Wood Bed Frame Craftsmanship Meets Comfort The Helix Madison Natural Wood Bed Frame embodies the perfect blend of robust craftsmanship and unparalleled comfort. Crafted from high-quality natural wood, the wooden beds showcase a sturdy structure that promises longevity. Its sleek design adds an aesthetic charm to your bedroom and ensures a restful night's sleep, thanks to its solid, supportive base that caters to all mattresses. Designed for the Discerning: Who Will Love This Frame Ideal for those who value both style and substance in their bedroom furniture, the Helix Madison Bed Frame is a match made in heaven for discerning individuals. Whether you're a minimalist at heart or someone who appreciates the warm, inviting look of natural wood, this bed frame's elegant simplicity and premium build quality will appeal to your refined tastes and enhance the overall ambiance of your sanctuary. Features of Its Timeless Appeal - Natural Wood Aesthetics: Natural wood grants a timeless appeal, blending seamlessly with contemporary and traditional decor. - Superior Craftsmanship: Precision engineering and superior craftsmanship ensure a durable and sturdy frame, reflecting its high-quality build. - Eco-Friendly Design: Sourced from sustainable forests, its eco-friendly design speaks to those conscious of their environmental impact. - Adaptable Style: Its versatile design adapts to various bedroom themes, from minimalist to rustic, making it a perfect centerpiece for any room. Praises from the Picky: Why Customers Are Raving With an impressive 4 out of 5 stars based on 145 reviews, the Helix Madison Natural Wood Bed Frame has won over even the most discerning customers. Reviewers celebrate its exceptional blend of beauty and functionality, praising its ease of assembly, robustness, and elegant design. The frame's ability to elevate bedroom aesthetics while providing unwavering support has garnered accolades, solidifying its status as a cherished addition to any home. Luxury wood bed frames offer an unmatched blend of style, durability, and eco-friendly design, making them a superb choice for anyone looking to elevate their bedroom's ambiance. Whether you're drawn to the minimalist elegance of modern designs or the timeless allure of classic styles, any of these wood beds can suit your taste and needs. By investing in a high-quality wood bed frame, you not only enhance your bedroom's aesthetic but also embrace a piece of furniture that will stand the test of time, embodying both beauty and functionality. Frequently Asked Questions How long will a wooden bed frame last? A wooden bed frame can endure for decades with proper care. Typically, high-quality wooden frames last 10 to 20 years, but many surpass this range and become heirloom pieces passed down through generations. Longevity depends on the wood quality, structure, and maintenance. How do I choose a wooden bed frame? Choosing a wooden bed frame involves considering several factors: the size and layout of your bedroom, your aesthetic and material preference, the wood type and finish, and the bed's construction quality for durability. Also, please consider functional needs, such as additional storage, and ensure it complements your room furniture and decor. What are the benefits of a wooden bed frame? Wooden bed frames offer numerous benefits, including stability, timeless aesthetic appeal, and versatility in design to fit any decor style. They are eco-friendly, often made from renewable resources, and can improve bedroom air quality by avoiding synthetic materials. Additionally, wood has natural insulating properties, contributing to a warmer sleep environment. Please write 50 words for the following: How do I choose a wooden bed frame? How do you protect a wooden bed frame? Regularly dust and maintain cleanliness with a soft, damp cloth and mild detergent to protect a wooden bed frame. Avoid harsh chemicals. Use coasters or pads under any items to prevent scratches. Keep the room's humidity consistent to avoid wood warping. Periodically check and tighten any screws that have become loose or fittings to ensure stability. How can I make my wooden bed frame stronger? To strengthen your wooden bed frame, reinforce it with additional slats or a central support beam if it lacks one. Ensure all screws and joints are tight and in good condition, replacing any that are worn or damaged. Consider adding corner brackets or braces to stabilize and strengthen the frame's structure. What is the difference between a bed frame with a rattan headboard and a Japanese joinery bed frame? A bed frame with a rattan headboard typically features a woven design that adds a tropical or bohemian aesthetic to the bedroom, often made with lighter materials and suitable for various decors. In contrast, a Japanese joinery bed frame emphasizes minimalist design and craftsmanship, using interlocking wood techniques without nails or screws for a clean, sophisticated look, reflecting the artistry of traditional Japanese woodwork.

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CC-MAIN-2024-18

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2024-04-13T21:18:02Z

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Bag and Cooler Policy - Do I need to bring my own towel when I visit Raging Waves? Yes! Please bring your own towels to dry off with as we do not provide them for our guests. Don't have a towel? You're welcome to purchase one at the Outback Trading Company Gift Shop! - What if I don't have a towel? If you don't have a towel, we do have them available for purchase at the Outback Trading Company Gift Shop, located in the main plaza! - Does Raging Waves offer promo codes? Yes! From time to time, Raging Waves Waterpark does offer promo codes. Customers are welcome to use them as long as their use does not violate the promotion's terms and conditions. Orders with promo codes that violate a promotion's terms and conditions will be canceled. Please note that some promo codes have certain residency restrictions. - Do I receive a promo code for joining the Raging Waves mailing list? There is not a discount for joining the Raging Waves mailing list; this is being falsely promoted by third party couponing sites. We apologize for the confusion and frustration they are causing. - I am traveling with my pet. Can I bring them into the park with me? In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, only dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability are allowed in the park. Miniature horses are also allowed if they are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability are allowed in the park AND are housebroken, under the owner's control, and will not compromise the legitimate safety requirements necessary for the safe operation of Raging Waves. Unfortunately, emotional support animals are not allowed in the park. Although we can’t invite your furry friend to join us at Raging Waves, there are many options in the area for pet boarding - What can I wear to and at Raging Waves? Attire must be appropriate for family environment: thong or G-String swimwear is not permitted. Additionally, sheer, mesh, and see-through clothing cannot be used as a cover up over bathing suits. Any guests wearing clothes that are deemed offensive, vulgar, or NOT family-friendly by Raging Waves management will be asked to change. - What are the requirements to participate in swim activities? A lined swimsuit is required to participate in swim activities. Swim diapers are required for toddlers. T-shirts are allowed on all attractions except speed slides. Cover ups for speed slides are permitted but must be skin tight rash guards. Water shoes are permitted in the Wave Pool, Lazy River, Crocodile Mile, Boomerang, Koala Kove, Quokka-Nut Island and Kangaroo Falls. Water shoes are not permitted on any other attractions. All policies are at the discretion of Raging Waves management. - What is meant by a lined swimsuit? A lined swimsuit means that it has a layer of fabric that is behind the visible print or color that you see, ensuring that the swimsuit doesn't become see-through when wet. I can’t find someone - What do I do if my party gets separated? We know that when visiting the waterpark you might be concerned about getting separated during the excitement of your visit. It is important that each family or group establish a meeting point for family and friends. We recommend an area outside of the main plaza at specific times throughout the day to check up on all group members. Raging Waves does not page for lost guests but any of our team members and Guest Services is always happy to assist you in finding guests 12 and under. Smoking and Vaping Policy - What is Raging Waves smoking policy? Raging Waves is a smoke-free facility. A reserved smoking area is available outside the park in the main parking lot, by the flag pole. This includes cigarettes, e-cigarettes. As a courtesy to those who choose to each lunch in the parking lot, re-entry is limited between 11:00am and two hours before the parks close. - The possession and/or usage of marijuana is not permitted anywhere on Raging Waves property. Add-ons to Your Experience - Do I have to rent a tube for rides? New this year for the 2023 season: Tubes are provided for free on all rides including the following attractions: The Cyclone, The Three Sisters, Great Barrier Reef Wave Pool, and Kookaburra Kreek Lazy River. - Are lockers available? Yes! Our lockers are located near Aussie Water Company, Great Barrier Reef Wave Pool, and Hungry Croc Restaurant. Daily individual rental lockers are available for $12.00. Family Lockers are also available for $15.00. We highly recommend use of a locker. Click or tap here to rent a locker. - I want to make this a special day for my family or group. Do you rent private cabanas? Yes we do! Cabanas overlook the Great Barrier Reef Wave Pool, Kookaburra Kreek Lazy River, Koala Kove, and Quokka-Nut Island. Only guests with wristbands will be allowed into the cabana areas, and the number given to the cabana renter is based on the maximum capacity of the cabana. Due to the high popularity of our cabanas, be sure to make your reservations early! Cabanas reserved day of are on a first-come basis in person only. No phone reservations will be accepted. Please note: cabana rental DOES NOT include admission to the park. - Do you rent towels? No, but we do sell them in the gift shop. - Do you have gift cards? Yes! Splash Cash is available for purchase at Guest Services on the day of your visit. - Do you have an ATM machine? Yes! Our ATM is located right next to the Outback Trading Company Gift Shop. - What happens if it rains during my visit to the park? We will suspend the operations of our attractions when unsafe conditions are present (as determined by Management in conjunction with our weather service). We will re-open when weather conditions in our immediate area are safe to do so (we cannot guarantee ideal weather conditions). In the event we cannot re-open our attractions within 60 minutes, guests remaining in the park will receive a complimentary ticket for a return visit to Raging Waves during the 2023 season (you will receive an email confirmation). No refunds are issued regardless of time spent in the park or if we re-open after inclement weather has passed. There are no refunds on incidental expenses (such as Tube Rentals, Lockers, Food, Cabanas, Parking, etc.). Operating hours and attraction status are subject to change. - Does Raging Waves offer rainchecks in case of inclement weather? Raging Waves is open every day of the season, rain or shine but can close for the day based on current poor conditions and a poor forecast. If we experience inclement weather that includes lightning (or some other extreme weather condition), the park will suspend operations until it passes. If the park closes for the day, all customers remaining in the park (except season pass holders) will receive a complimentary return ticket for a visit during the 2023 season via email. Guests MUST use the weather voucher email to reserve their future visit to the park. Exchange may be done only on the day in which the park closes. Refunds are not offered. - Are there days when Raging Waves will not open due to weather? Yes. Because we are an outdoor park with all water attractions, there are days we might not be able to open for guest comfort or safety. Forecasted high temperatures for our area (Yorkville/Bristol, Illinois) must generally be at least 72 degrees or warmer. We also taking into account cloud cover, wind and potential precipitation on these cool days. We typically make these decisions by 9am and we suggest you checkout our website and Facebook page, or call 630-882-6575 for updates on questionable weather days. - What items are NOT allowed into Raging Waves? - Outside food or beverages - Alcoholic beverages - Cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes and other paraphernalia. - Glass items (including but not limited to jars, bottles, and mirrors), or other sharp or potentially dangerous items. - Flotation devices and noodles - Selfie sticks - Speakers/artificial noise makers - May I bring my own life jacket and/or tube into the water park? Outside life jackets and puddle jumpers are permitted if they bear the “Coast Guard Approved” tag. We have life jackets available near the wave pool which are complimentary for guests, however they are first come first serve. Because of the active nature of our attractions, personal flotation devices, including children’s water wings, noodles, tubes are not allowed in the park. All policies are at the discretion of Raging Waves management. Food and Beverage - Can I bring food and beverages into Raging Waves? Guests are allowed to bring two factory-sealed unflavored water bottles into the park. Flavored, enhanced, and/or canned water including but not limited to Propel, Powerade, and VitaminWater are not permitted. Guests may bring one empty water bottle but it must be made of plastic or metal. You may only bring SOFT coolers into the park that are no larger than 8” X 10” x 8” (Lunch box size as seen below). Lunch box sized coolers can only contain water bottles and ice. No other outside food or beverages are permitted are the park. If you do come to the gate with any of those items, we will ask you to please either bring them back to your vehicle or dispose of them before entering the park. We cannot hold onto unauthorized items for guests. We suggest guests who are bringing food and beverage to keep all items in a cooler in their cars and use provided picnic areas outside the park to enjoy lunch or snacks. As a courtesy to those who choose to each lunch in the parking lot, guests may leave and re-enter the park between 11:00am and two hours before the park closes. Additionally, grilling is not permitted on Raging Waves property. - What if I or a member of my group have special medical dietary needs? Please contact our [email protected] to make special food arrangements at least 24 hours in advance. Due to the numerous fraudulent attempts to circumvent our policies (true example: “My child needs a 24-pack of Mountain Dew with him at all times”), we have instituted this policy to ensure that those with true medical needs can fully enjoy their time at Raging Waves. *Ingredients for Food & Beverage items can be found in the Guest Services Office and at each dining location. - What if I don’t want to eat at the restaurants or concession kiosks? Several picnic tables are located in our parking lot, and are available on a first-come, first serve basis. As a courtesy to those who choose to each lunch in the parking lot, guests may leave and re-enter the park between 11:00am and two hours before the park closes. - Is dining at Raging Waves expensive? Not at all! Unlike other theme parks, we keep our food and beverage prices competitive with many popular fast food restaurants. - What is the best place and time to eat? Raging Waves offer 2 restaurants and multiple snack carts throughout the park. To beat the crowds we recommend eating around 11:00am or after 1:30pm for lunch. - Does everyone need an admission ticket to enter? Yes! All guests must have a valid admission ticket or season pass to enter Raging Waves. - Do you have a spectator admission ticket? We do not offer a spectator admission ticket. Because there is no way to separate or regulate those who are not using the attractions, all guests entering Raging Waves must have a valid ticket However, infants 1 and under will be admitted for free. - Can my twelve year old (or younger) child be by themselves at Raging Waves? For the safety of our guests, only children 13 years old or older may visit Raging Waves without adult supervision. Children 12 years of age and younger must be accompanied by a responsible adult, 18 years of age or older. Children 12 and under may never be dropped off and left unsupervised. - I'm having trouble purchasing tickets online. What should I do? We're sorry you're having trouble purchasing on our website! To verify that our e-ticketing system is fully operational, feel free to contact [email protected]. Please verify the following before attempting your purchase again: - You have not had more than 3 failed attempts to make a purchase on our website within an hour (if so, please wait 24 hours from your last failed attempt to try again) - Your credit card account has sufficient funds - Your credit card account status is not frozen - Your credit has not been reported as lost or stolen - All billing information EXACTLY matches all information that the bank has on file for your credit card - All payment information EXACTLY matches all information that the bank has on file for your credit card - You have selected the correct credit card type - You have entered in the correct card number - You have entered in the correct card expiration date - You have entered in the correct security code - You have entered in a valid zip code - What is the re-entry policy? As a courtesy to those who choose to each lunch in the parking lot, guests may leave and re-enter the park between 11:00am and two hours before the park closes. In order to re-enter, all guests (including season passholders) must get a handstamp prior to exiting. - What is the refund policy? All tickets and season passes purchased online or at the park are non-refundable. Additionally, we cannot provide refunds if you decide you are not comfortable attending the park this summer. (No extensions are allowed). - Do you have lifeguards on duty? Yes, we take safety very seriously. All Raging Waves lifeguards are certified by Ellis and Associates, the leaders in water park safety. - Why do the lifeguards perform mock rescues when Raging Waves is open? The lifeguard training provider, Jeff Ellis & Associates (E&A) requires that staff practice Vigilance Awareness Training (VAT) as an educational tool for lifeguards. E&A has long been an innovator in the aquatic community. VAT seeks to educate, train, and prepare lifeguards for a submersion event. Through exhaustive research, the VAT training uses a mannequin to simulate a submerged victim. E&A found that with this training technique, the average detection time was 30 seconds; some detection occurred in as little as 10 seconds. This program is unique in that it involves actually showing lifeguards what a submerged victim looks like. If you see a mannequin in or around Raging Waves, do not remove it. - Are there height and weight restrictions for some of the slides? For guests 48″ tall or taller, there are no height restrictions (except in areas designed for young children). Height measurement stations are available at Admissions, Guest Services, In the main Plaza, and at the base of attractions. Please be sure to measure accurately and remember safety first. All policies are at the discretion of Raging Waves management. Attraction Height Requirement Weight Requirement Brock's Giant Sandbox None None The Great Barrier Reef None None Kookaburra Kreek None None Quokka-Nut Island Over 36" tall Under 54" tall None Koala Kove Under 48" tall Under 54" tall None Kangaroo Falls Over 36" tall to ride lower slides Over 42" tall to ride upper slides None Wild Wallabies Over 42" tall None Aussie Mat Dash Over 42" tall None The Crocodile Mile Over 42" tall Must be accompanied by an adult if under 48" tall Combined rider weight must not exceed 800lbs The Three Sisters Over 42" tall Must be accompanied by an adult if under 48" tall Single rider weight must not exceed 250lbs Double rider combined weight must not exceed 400lbs Tasmanian Twisters Over 48" tall None PJ's Plummet Over 48" tall None Cyclone Over 48" tall Single rider weight must not exceed 250lbs Double rider combined weight must not exceed 400lbs Platypus Plunge Over 48" tall Single rider weight must not exceed 250lbs Double rider combined weight must not exceed 400lbs The Boomerang Over 48" tall Combined rider weight must be between 200lbs and 700lbs Wonambi Over 48" tall Combined rider weight must be between 200lbs and 700lbs - Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act On December 19, 2008, the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act went into effect. This new law requires VGB Compliant Pool Drain Grates. We are VGB Compliant but please note in some applications these grates have a raised profile off the floor as mandated by the Law. - May I bring my own life jacket and/or tube into the water park?Outside lifejackets are permitted if they bear the “Coast Guard Approved” tag. If you do not own a lifejacket, we do have life jackets that you may borrow during your day at the park for no cost. Because of the active nature of our attractions, personal flotation devices, including children’s water wings, noodles, tubes are not allowed in the park. All policies are at the discretion of Raging Waves management. - Does Raging Waves charge for parking? All guests parking a vehicle at Raging Waves must pay for parking. For rates, please visit our online ticketing page or contact Guest Services. - What if I have a season pass? Standard parking is included with your season pass, so there is no additional charge. However, there IS NOT a discounted preferred parking rate for season passholders. - If I pay for parking, leave, and come back, do I have to pay for parking again? There are no in and out privileges for any guests! Once you leave the parking lot, you must pay again to park. - Am I allowed to grill in the parking lot? Grilling is not permitted on Raging Waves property. - What days will Raging Waves be open for the 2023 season? Click here for the Park Operating Schedule https://www.ragingwaves.com/park-schedule/ - Are there days when Raging Waves will not open due to weather? For the safety and comfort of our guests, Raging Waves may not open on select days due to weather. Forecasted high temperatures for our area must generally be at least 72 degrees or warmer. We also take into account cloud cover, wind and potential precipitation on these cool days. We typically make these decisions by 9am and we suggest you checkout our website or call 630-882-6575 for updates on questionable weather days. - Are there days when not all attractions at Raging Waves will not be open? For the safety of our guests, all attractions are subject to temporary maintenance or safety shutdowns. Attractions are also subject to closure and/or rotating schedule without notice. - Can I celebrate a birthday at Raging Waves? Raging Waves does not host birthday parties, but you are welcome to enjoy your birthday at the park during the summer if you wish! The only thing we ask is that you do not bring wrapped gifts, balloons, birthday cakes, or decorations into the park, as they conflict with park policies. However, you are more than welcome to open gifts and enjoy cake in the parking lot.

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https://www.ragingwaves.com/faq/

2024-04-13T23:11:39Z

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Buying or Leasing Your Next Car Unmarried couples don't: - Inherit each other's property automatically. Married couples have the state intestacy laws to support them if they do not have a will. Under the law, the surviving spouse will inherit (at the minimum) a fraction of the deceased spouse's property. - Have the privilege to speak for one another in a medical crisis. In the case that your life partner loses capacity or consciousness, someone will have to make the go-ahead decision for a medical purpose. It should be you, but if you haven't filed certain paperwork, you may not have the ability to do so. - Have the privilege to handle one another's finances in a crisis. A married couple that jointly own assets is less affected by this problem than an unmarried couple. Unmarried couples don't... Here are some important steps to take for couples that are unmarried: - Draft wills. The chances of the intentions being followed through with after a death are greater if both partners make wills. Without wills, the probability of the unmarried surviving partner having no rights is more likely. - Think about owning property together. This is a way to guarantee that property will pass to the other joint owner at the time of the other's death due to the right of survivorship. - Make a durable power of attorney. This will permit the partner to sign papers and checks and take care of other financial issues on his/her behalf should one become incapacitated. - Make a health care proxy. Also known as a medical power of attorney, this permits the partner to talk on your behalf to make medical decisions, should you become injured. - Have a living will. This lets your wishes regarding artificial feeding and other measures to prolong your life be known. Here are some important steps to take for couples that are unmarried... In the case of death, life insurance will provide a form of income for your dependents, children or whoever is your beneficiary. Because of this, married couples usually require more life insurance than singles. Having someone dependent on your income will determine if you need to have life insurance. If someone such as a child, parent, spouse or other individual is dependent on your income, you should have life insurance. The following are situations where life insurance is necessary: - Single parents or families with young children or other dependents. The younger your children, the more insurance is necessary. Insurance should be in proportion to the amount earned. If both spouses are working, they should both be insured. If both earners cannot afford to be insured, the primary wage earner should be the first to be insured and the secondary will follow. To fill the insurance gap, a less expensive term policy may be used. Insurance should be bought to cover the absence of services such as childcare, bookkeeping, housekeeping, which are provided by the spouse that works within the home. The insurance that covers the non-wage earner is secondary to the insurance that covers the wage earner's life, if funds are scarce. - Adults that have no children or other dependents. You will need less insurance than people in the previous situation if your spouse can live comfortably without income. However, some form of life insurance is still necessary. You will want at least enough to cover burial expenses, to pay off any debts you may have acquired, and to provide an easy transition for the surviving spouse. You may want to buy more insurance if you think your spouse would go through financial hardship without your income or if your savings aren't adequate. This depends on your salary level as well as the amount of your spouse's, the amount of savings you have and the amount of debt incurred. - Single adults without dependents. Unless you would like to use insurance for the purposes of estate planning, you will only need insurance to cover expenses for burial and debts. - Children. Typically, children only need life insurance to cover burial expenses and medical debts. An insurance policy could also be used as a long-term savings instrument, in some instances. In the case of death, life insurance will provide a form of income for your dependents, children or whoever is your beneficiary... All organizations that you had correspondence with while using your unmarried name should be notified. You can begin with the following list: - The Social Security Administration - Department of Motor Vehicles - Post Office - Investment and bank accounts - Voter's registration office - School alumni offices - Credit cards and loans - Club memberships - Retirement accounts - Passport office - Insurance agents All organizations that you had correspondence with while using your unmarried name should be notified... Definitely. When an important life event occurs such as marriage, it should be updated. If not, your spouse and other beneficiaries will not get what is meant for them at the time of your death. Definitely. When an important life event occurs such as marriage, it should be updated... You are entitled to file a joint income tax return upon marriage. Although this simplifies the filing process, you will more than likely discover that your tax bill is either higher or lower than when you were single. It's higher when you file together, as more of your income is taxed in the higher tax brackets. This is commonly known as the marriage tax penalty. In 2003, a tax law that intended to reduce the marriage penalty went into effect, but this law didn't get rid of the penalty for higher bracket taxpayers. Once married, you may not file separately in an attempt to avoid the marriage penalty. Actually, filing as married filing separately can raise your taxes. For the optimal filing status for your situation you should speak with your tax advisor. You are entitled to file a joint income tax return upon marriage... Yes. After marriage, there are many ways of owning property. They differ from state to state. - Sole tenancy, which is when one individual has ownership. The property is passed on in accordance with the will at death. - Joint tenancy, with the privilege of survivorship. Two or more people have equal ownership. The property is passed to the joint owner upon death. This should be used to effectively avoid probate. - Tenancy in common, property has joint ownership with the privilege of survivorship. The property is passed on according to your will upon death. - Tenancy by the entirety, like joint tenancy, with privilege of survivorship. This doesn't allow a spouse to get rid of the property without the other's consent and is only possible for spouses. - Community property, property that is gained through marriage that has equal ownership. States such as AZ, CA, ID, LA, NV, NM, TX, WA, and WI allow community property. Yes. After marriage, there are many ways of owning property... A plan for the termination of the financial partnership of the marriage is crucial if you are thinking of divorce. All financial assets and liabilities that have been acquired during the years of marriage will need to be divided. If children play a role, the support that will be paid to the custodial parent in the future should be taken into account. The time put into organizing this will be worth it in the long run. The following are a few steps to consider: Prepare an inventory of your financial situation that will help you in two ways: - It will aid in determining how debts accumulated during the marriage will be paid off. (It is best to try and get all the joint debt (credit card debt) paid off before the divorce. To come to an agreement as to the method for paying them off, it is smart to make a list of the debts. ) - It will give you an introductory look at the information needed to divide the property. Prepare a list of all assets, whether joint or separate, that includes: - Your residence(s) - The value of any brokerage accounts - Your valuable antiques, jewelry, luxury items, collections, and furnishings - The current balance in all bank accounts - Your autos - The value of investments, including any IRAs - Locate copies of the last two or three years' tax returns. These will be beneficial later. - Know the exact quantity of salary and miscellaneous income brought home by your spouse and you. - Obtain all papers regarding insurance, life, health, pension, and other retirement benefits. - Make a list of debts that are owed both separately and jointly, including mortgage, credit card debt, auto loans and other liabilities. A plan for the termination of the financial partnership of the marriage is crucial if you are thinking of divorce... As soon as you know you are going to be getting a divorce, immediately cancel all joint accounts. Regardless of who accumulated the bill, creditors can legally try to collect payment from either party on the joint credit card or other credit account. You will be responsible for payment as long as your name appears on the joint accounts. The agreement that is reached during the divorce may state who must pay the bills. From the creditor's point of view, both your spouse and you are responsible as long as the joint account stays open. The creditor will attempt to receive payment from who they think are most likely to pay while reporting late payments to the credit bureaus in both names. Due to the irresponsibility of the co-signer, your credit history could be harmed. You may be required to pay the remaining balance in full upon closure of the account. If this is the case, ask the creditor to distribute the outstanding balance to separate accounts. As soon as you know you are going to be getting a divorce... It is possible to separate yourself from your spouse on your credit report, if the spouse's credit is hurting yours. If you can prove that he/she opened the shared accounts prior to marriage and that he/she pays the bills, you might succeed in convincing the creditor that the damaging information is relevant to your spouse and not you. It may take persistence to demonstrate that the credit history in question doesn't reflect your own. It is possible to separate yourself from your spouse on your credit report, if the spouse's credit is hurting yours... If the name on your account changes, lenders may appraise the application and credit line to decide if your qualifications meet the credit standards. You may be asked to reapply. To avoid inconvenience, maintain credit in your own name. Preserving your own, separate, credit history makes things easier in the future. In an emergency, if you need credit, it will be available. Avoid using your spouse's name - i.e. Mrs. Peter Johnson - for purpose of credit. Get an update on your credit report. Be sure that your name, as well as your spouse's, is being reported correctly. If you would like to use your spouse's credit history to your benefit, simply write a letter to the credit agency and request that both names be put on the account. Find out if there is any incomplete or inaccurate data in your account. Send the credit bureau a letter asking them to correct this information. They need to confirm receipt within a normal time period and inform you when the mistake is fixed. Improving your own credit history in your name should be simple if you have been sharing accounts with your spouse. Make a call to a major credit bureau and ask for copies of your account information. Get in touch with the issuers of the cards with whom you share accounts with your spouse and request to have your name on the account as well. If the name on your account changes, lenders may appraise the application and credit line to decide if your qualifications meet the credit standards... Make an agreement with your spouse to plan for the legal issues that will be dealt with in the future, such as division of property, alimony or support payments and child custody. The amount of time and money that will be spent trying to reach a legal solution will be lessened dramatically if this can be done, either with the help of lawyers or court. The following are general tips to face the legal aspects of divorce: - If there are important issues with regards to child custody, alimony or assets, find your own attorney. - Use referrals from other professionals, trusted friends or the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (www.aaml.org) to find a good matrimonial lawyer. - Verify that the agreement of divorce approaches all topics such as insurance coverage, life health and auto. - On IRA accounts, life insurance policies, pension plans, 401(k) plans, and other retirement accounts make sure to modify the beneficiaries. - Update your will. Make an agreement with your spouse to plan for the legal issues that will be dealt with in the future... Each state has their own laws regarding the division of property between ex-spouses. When it comes to applying those laws, matrimonial judges have a great amount of flexibility. Whether or not an attorney represents you, you should make sure to have done the following: - Learn how the laws of your state function with respect to property division. - Make sure to have the papers to confirm that property owned separately during the marriage has been kept separate. - Be prepared to report any non-financial contributions to the marriage that you have made - such as any non-financial contributions to his/her financial success or spousal support while he/she went to school. - Be willing to report any need for alimony or child support. Consider having the divorce agreement supply you with funds if you have not worked outside of the home during the marriage. Each state has their own laws regarding the division of property between ex-spouses... Upon completion of a divorce, individual tax returns will be filed. There are a few areas that may result in tax consequences. The following are the most common: - Child Support It is not taxable to the recipient and is not deductible by the payer. If it is specially designated as child support in a divorce agreement or lessened by the occurrence of a contingency relative to the child, meaning a child reaches a specified age, it is considered as a payment. It is taxable to the recipient and deductible by the payers. It is known as a payment in accordance with a divorce agreement other than child support or when allocated in the decree as something other than alimony. In a separation agreement, similar treatment is in accordance with separate maintenance payments. Payments may not end upon death of the recipient and may not be front-loaded. - Property Settlements When in accordance with the divorce or separation, they are not taxable. In the event of transfers of assets amongst spouses, they do not become taxable income, gains, loses, or deductions. The recipient spouse gets the cost basis of the property. Your spouse may provide you with an equal share of the property based on a fair market value, but be careful with the lower basis. In the end, it can produce a taxable gain at the asset's sale. Upon completion of a divorce, individual tax returns will be filed... If in accordance with the qualified domestic relations order or other order of the court in the case of an IRA, these plans are separated as non-taxable. However, this is the case only if the assets stay in the retirement account or IRA. Once the funds are allocated, they will be taxed to the recipient. The payer does not get the benefit of a deduction and the recipient does not have taxable income when divided. If in accordance with the qualified domestic relations order or other order of the court in the case of an IRA, these plans are separated as non-taxable... Typically no, although specific fees paid for income or estate tax advice due to the divorce may be deductible. The fees used to decide the alimony amount or to collect the alimony may be deducted. These would be subject to the 2% limitation under the miscellaneous item deductions. Typically no, although specific fees paid for income or estate tax advice due to the divorce may be deductible... Typically, the custodial parent has the right to the deduction. This is normally discussed in divorce agreement negotiations. If agreed to in writing, the non-custodial parent may have the deduction. Typically, the custodial parent has the right to the deduction... Death of a Loved One The following is a list of papers that will be necessary: - Copies of all insurance policies. - Marriage Certificate (if the deceased's spouse will be requesting benefits). You may obtain copies at the Office of the County Clerk where the marriage license was issued. - Certified copies of the death certificate (a minimum of 10). These can be bought from the funeral director or from the Health Department in your county. - Birth Certificates of dependent children. These may be obtained at either the County or State Public Health offices where the child was born. - Social Security numbers of the spouse, deceased and any dependent children. - Military discharge, if the deceased was a veteran. Write to The Department of Defense if you are unable to find copies. - A complete list of all property, including stocks, savings accounts, real estate, and personal property of the deceased. - Will, which will more than likely be with the lawyer of the deceased. The following is a list of papers that will be necessary... To learn how to handle the following assets of the deceased, speak with your financial advisor. General rules are as follows: - Automobiles. Find out if the title of the car of the deceased needs to be modified by checking with the State DMV. - Insurance Policies. The beneficiaries of policies held by the deceased's spouse may need to be modified. It might be smart to lessen the amount of life insurance coverage if the spouse doesn't have any dependents. Revision of home and auto insurance may also need to be done. - Bank Accounts. The title of a joint bank account will automatically pass to the surviving spouse. Advise the bank to change the ownership records. If the name of the deceased was the only name on the bank account, the asset will go through probate unless it is a trust account. - Safe Deposit Box. A court order is necessary, in most states, to open a safe deposit box that is only in the deceased's name. - Stocks and Bonds. Verify with the broker of the deceased to change title of stocks and bonds. - Credit Cards. If the credit cards are only in the deceased's name, they should be cancelled and the estate should pay outstanding payments. If the cards are in both names, the surviving spouse should inform the credit card companies of the death and ask for cards only in the survivor's name to be reissued. To learn how to handle the following assets of the deceased, speak with your financial advisor. General rules are as follows... Planning ahead is the best way to avoid overpaying for a family member's funeral. You should know about the Federal Rule or the regulation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) dealing with practices of the funeral industry. It provides that: - You must be given, over the phone, price and other relevant information by the funeral provider to answer your questions. - You must be given 1) a disclosure of important legal rights, 2) a general price list, and 3) information about caskets for cremation, embalming and required purchases by the funeral provider. - You must be given, in writing, any service fees for the payment of goods or services such as flowers, obituary notices, and pallbearers, on your behalf by the funeral provider. Some funeral providers add a service fee to the cost, while other charge you only the cost of the item. You must also be given any information from the funeral provider about refunds, discounts or rebates from the supplier. - You must be given by the funeral provider, in writing, information regarding your right to purchase and what is available to you - an unfinished wood box, a type of casket, or an alternative for direct cremation. - In getting the products and services that you do want, you are not obligated to buy unwanted goods or services or pay any additional fees. You only need to pay for the goods and services you selected or that the state law requires in addition to the fee for the services of the funeral director and staff. - You must be given an itemized list of the total cost of the funeral goods and services selected by you. It must inform you of any cemetery, legal, or crematory requirements that you must meet to buy any funeral goods or services. - You are not allowed to be told that a certain funeral item or service can preserve the deceased's body for an indefinite time in the grave or claim that funeral goods (caskets or vaults) will not allow dirt, water, or other gravesite substances to enter. Contact your federal, state or local consumer protection agencies, the Conference of Funeral Examining Boards (www.theconferenceonline.org), or the Funeral Service Consumer Assistance Program (FSCAP) (www.funeralservicefoundation.org) if you are having a funeral problem that cannot be resolved with the funeral director. Planning ahead is the best way to avoid overpaying for a family member's funeral... If the deceased has paid Social Security for a minimum of ten years, he/she is covered. Contact your local Social Security office or call 800-772-1213 to find out if the deceased was eligible. There are two types of available benefits, if eligible: One-time death benefit - A death benefit is paid by Social Security towards burial expenses. To apply the payment to your funeral bill, simply complete the form necessary at your local Social Security office or ask the funeral director to complete the application. This is only available to eligible spouses or a child that is entitled to the benefits of the survivor. Benefits of a survivor for a spouse or children - The spouse will be eligible for benefits if he/she is 60 years old or older. The benefit amount collected before the age of 65 will be less than that due at the age of 65 or older. Widows who are disabled are eligible for benefits at age 50. If the deceased's spouse cares for dependent children under the age of 16 or for disabled children, they may qualify for benefits before age 60. The deceased's children who are disabled or younger than 18 may also qualify for the benefits. If the deceased has paid Social Security for a minimum of ten years, he/she is covered... It is the legal process of allocating the estate to the lawful heirs as well as paying the debts of the deceased. The process typically includes: - An individual being appointed by the court to function as the personal representative or executor of the estate. The person is usually mentioned in the will. The court will appoint a personal representative, typically the spouse, if there is no will. - Validating the will. - Letting all heirs, beneficiaries and creditors know that the will has been probated. - In accordance with the will or state law, organizing the estate by the personal representative. A petition must be filed by the spouse or the selected personal representative with the court following the death. A fee for the process of probate will be charged. Probation of a will might require legal assistance, depending on the size and complexity of the assets to probate. If the deceased and someone else jointly owned assets, they are not subject to probate. The proceeds of a life insurance policy or Individual Retirement Account (IRA) will be paid to the beneficiary and are not subject to probate. It is the legal process of allocating the estate to the lawful heirs as well as paying the debts of the deceased... The following sums up the different taxes that may need to be paid upon death of a family member: - Federal Estate Tax. Amounts that are given to the surviving spouse or to a charity are typically exempt from estate tax. Normally, the estate tax is only owed on estates (which, after decreasing the amount by what is given to the spouse and charity, surpasses the unified credit exemption equivalent). - If you need to file an estate tax return, get in touch with the IRS to get a Form 706. Within nine months of the death, absent extension date, a federal estate tax return must be filed. - State Estate Taxes. These differ by state. States may enforce estate taxes that may be applied on top of the federal estate taxes while others may be utilized when federal estate taxes don't. There are inheritance taxes that some states impose, which are on the individuals that receive the inheritance, rather than on the estate itself. - Income Taxes. The deceased's state and federal income taxes are due for the year of death. Unless an extension is solicited, the taxes are due on the regular filing date of the coming year. For the year of the death, the deceased's spouse may file a joint federal income tax return. If the spouse has a dependent child, he/she may file for an additional two years. It might be helpful to look at the IRS's Publication 559, "Information for Survivors, Executors and Administrators". The following sums up the different taxes that may need to be paid upon death of a family member... To refuse all or part of the property that is being passed on to you by a will, intestacy laws or the operation of law, you should make use of the disclaimer. The property is passed to the next beneficiary in line with an effective disclaimer. By the property passing directly from the decedent to the next beneficiary, it could possible save thousands of dollars in estate taxes. The wise use of the a disclaimer and the condition for a disclaimer in a will permits the shifting of assets and income to maximize the estate tax marital deduction, unified credit and the lower income tax brackets. To provide for financial contingencies, disclaimers may also come in handy. For instance, if someone needs funds, you can disclaim an interest to them. To refuse all or part of the property that is being passed on to you by a will, intestacy laws or the operation of law... Of course. If the surviving spouse didn't remarry before the end of the tax year, he/she may choose to file a joint return. Of course. If the surviving spouse didn't remarry before the end of the tax year... Typically not. Unless the recipient paid for the privilege to collect the life insurance policies, they are non-taxable income. For instance, if a policy was purchased as an investment. Typically not. Unless the recipient paid for the privilege to collect the life insurance policies, they are non-taxable income... Typically, yes because it is considered income with regards to the decedent. The tax is due by the recipient because the deceased had not paid the distribution's income tax. You may be entitled to a deduction for a segment of the estate taxes paid, if the account's value was incorporated in the estate tax return of the decedent. Typically, yes because it is considered income with regards to the decedent... The law will pass on the jointly held assets with right of survivorship on to the joint holder. The designated beneficiary of the insurance policies and retirement accounts will be awarded to said individuals. The assets owned only by the decedent will be dealt with according to state law, known as intestacy. Generally, the preference is given to the spouse or children, but the laws differ from state to state. The law will pass on the jointly held assets with right of survivorship on to the joint holder... You should first approach the seller of the item. Then, get in touch with the relevant consumer agency. If neither of the previous provides adequate results, a lawsuit can be filed or you may use arbitration. Approach the Seller - Compile all necessary evidence such as canceled checks, receipt, photographs showing the issue, a warranty, bill of sale or contract. - Determine your goal. Would you like the product replaced? Would you like a refund? Are you just looking for an apology? - Schedule a meeting with the manager, customer service representative or other appropriate person by calling the store or service provider. In this meeting with the individual, describe as clearly as possible the nature of the issue and what your goal is. If you can only speak by phone, write a letter as follow-up and keep detailed notes of the dates and with whom you spoke with. It is important to note that if there is a valid warranty for the product, it is best to follow-up with the manufacturer and not the merchant. - Take the issue to a higher level, if this doesn't find a solution. This could be the corporate president or supervisor. At this point, you should put your complaint in writing if you have yet to do so. This letter should detail your name, phone numbers, address, and account number (if applicable). Include the date and place of purchase as well as the model and serial number if a product is involved. Concisely describe the issue at hand and the process you have gone through so far to reach a solution. Lastly, you should include what outcome you want and state a deadline for this outcome. Keep a copy of the letter for yourself and include relevant copies of documents. Make sure you keep the originals and retain copies of any correspondence you receive from the company. Get in touch with an agency If your desired goal has yet to be reached, you will want to look in the phone book or online for a consumer complaint agency, such as the county, city or state consumer protection office or the Better Business Bureau. Another option is to go with the trade association method. There are industry trade associations that will offer to aid in mediating issues with regards to their members. You may want to get in touch with the appropriate state-banking regulator if your issue deals with a bank. If an insurer is involved, you will want to get in touch with the state insurance regulator, for a securities problem contact the securities regulator or for utilities problems contact the public utilities commission. Call the state-licensing department if you the issue deals with a state-licensed trade, such as a plumber. Research the lemon laws of your state, unless you reside in Arkansas or South Dakota, by getting in touch with your state consumer protections agency in the event that you purchased a bad used car. Get in contact with your area postal inspector, whose information can be located in the U.S. government section of the telephone book, for issues that pertain to mail order or mail fraud. Look into finding a local television news program hotline for resolving consumer complaints. Filing a lawsuit When there are no more options, you will want to file a court case in either small claims court, if the amount is small (usually less than $5000) or if not, a regular lawsuit. More than likely speaking with an attorney and having them draft a letter to the merchant or service provider giving the details about the lawsuit will resolve the issue. You probably won't need to hire a lawyer if a small claims case is involved. If the case is bigger than small claims, you will want to hire a lawyer. You should first approach the seller of the item. Then, get in touch with the relevant consumer agency. If neither of the previous provides adequate results, a lawsuit can be filed or you may use arbitration... The following are a few ways to lessen your bank fees: - Look into what is necessary to get free checking and free ATM usage and do it. This is typically done by having a minimum balance and only using your bank's ATMs. Another thought is joining a credit union instead of a bank as they generally charge less for banking services. - Investigate how to invest in higher interest accounts. Determine how much money you would need in case of an emergency and roughly six months' worth of expenses and keep that amount in your savings. Take the rest of your money and make it work for you. - Don't order checks through your bank. Generally speaking, check printers charge less than the printers employed by the bank. The following are a few ways to lessen your bank fees... These tips will help you save on all types of insurance: - Shop around for your life insurance policy. Take the time it takes to periodically check the prices on different policies, as it will pay off in the end. If you have recently quit smoking, you will probably be able to get better rates in a few years. - Evaluate your needs in terms of life insurance to see whether you are being charged too much for coverage. - Use the same insurer for home and auto insurance, as you will more than likely get a break. - Look around for auto insurance to find the best possible rate. - Save on your homeowner's insurance by installing burglar alarms, smoke detectors and sprinkler systems. Consult an insurance agent to learn more. - Do away with private mortgage insurance. Ask your lender to cancel this as soon as you have enough equity in the home (this is required by law). These tips will help you save on all types of insurance... These are a few tips to remember to help save money with utility costs: - See if your utility has a subsidizing program to make your home more energy-efficient. If that turns up nothing, you can still caulk your windows and check the insulation to make sure it has a high enough "R" factor. - Use fluorescent lights instead of incandescent bulbs for lights that are constantly on. - Maintain the thermostat at the highest and lowest temperature for comfort in the summer and winter, respectively. These are a few tips to remember to help save money with utility costs... There are many opportunities due to today's cost-cutting competition among phone service providers, such as: - Verify that your long-distance charges are competitively priced. Research which long-distance carrier will give you the best rate and switch if you are not with that carrier. - Use the phone book instead of dialing "Information." - If you have children at home, block all "900" numbers. - Stay in touch with relatives and friends through e-mail. There are many opportunities due to today's cost-cutting competition among phone service providers, such as... The options that follow will help in reducing the cost of your mortgage: - Think about paying down your mortgage. This is an effective way for saving and raising net worth for many people. Make a decision to pay a specific amount more than the mortgage principal and faithfully stick to it. - Think about refinancing your mortgage. Determine if refinancing your mortgage will save you money. Calculate to see if the costs for refinancing are worth a reduction in your monthly payments. If you intend to remain in the house for at least five years, the common guideline is that at least two points reduction will make it worthwhile to refinance. The options that follow will help in reducing the cost of your mortgage...

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Subscribe to the Podcast now on Apple Podcasts! Are you a top sales performer or looking to improve your skills? If so, join the elite Institute for Excellence in Sales! EPISODE 166: Blackbaud’s Chris Krackeler Says This Aristotelian Lesson Helps Motivate His Sales Teams to Excel CHRIS’ FINAL TIP TO EMERGING SALES LEADERS: “If you remember nothing else, remember the value of listening, being authentic and having fun. I’ve been fortunate to get a lot of positive feedback in my career, but I’ve also gotten my fair share of constructive criticism. I think being able to listen to that, the good, the bad, the ugly and grow from it is a way that’s helped me continue to grow and evolve my career. Chris Krackeler is the Vice President of Non-Profit Sales at Blackbaud. Prior to coming to Blackbaud, he held sales leadership positions at Convio and GetActive. Find Chris on LinkedIn! Chris Krackeler: Thank you, Fred it’s great to be here. I’ve been in sales for 20+ years, I’ve had the pleasure of leading sales at technology startups at middle-stage companies and now Blackbaud which is a publicly traded company. I’ve been in the Washington DC area now since undergrad, I think that makes me a native, it’s been long enough. I like technology, politics and leading teams and people. Fred Diamond: We said you’re the VP of Nonprofit Sales. We have Sales Game Changers listening around the globe, what is a nonprofit? Chris Krackeler: Blackbaud serves the entire philanthropic sector, so hospitals, higher-ed institutions, museums, foundations and nonprofits, nonprofits being anything from the American Red Cross to local food and hunger shelters. Fred Diamond: Tell us a little more about what you sell today, tell us what excites you about that. Chris Krackeler: Blackbaud’s vision is to power an ecosystem of good that builds a better world. What does this mean? We sell cloud-based solutions that span multiple areas. Everything from digital to social to CRM, analytics, financials and grants. Again, I work specifically with nonprofits and I’m excited and passionate to work every day with organizations that are changing the world for the better. All of our clients are inspiring and great to work with. Fred Diamond: Tell us about your career. How did you first get into sales as a career? Chris Krackeler: I was a political science major at Georgetown University, I wanted to be a lawyer or a lobbyist, I hadn’t really thought much about sales at all. In senior year in college there was a well-known consulting company and they were recruiting, I got invited to their location where they bring a number of us for a big, long day of on-site interviews. I got to meet with six executives that day and at lunch, the midway point, I was looking at my dossier to see who was on the schedule for the afternoon, and just began chatting and networking with them a little bit at lunch preparing for the afternoon. There was a VP of Sales, ran a small sales group in this larger consulting company, saw me doing this and said, “I want him for my sales and marketing team.” I stumbled into it that way and I’ve been in sales for the last 20+ years. Fred Diamond: You went into sales right after college? Chris Krackeler: Yes. Fred Diamond: What are some of the key lessons that you learned when you first took that sales job? Chris Krackeler: I think the value of understanding the clients you work with, how their business works in the solutions you sell, not just understanding features and benefits but really being able to listen. I don’t think people want to be sold to, but everybody likes to talk about their business, the challenges they have, the results they want to drive, the outcomes they want to achieve. For me, I’m in the world of technology and philanthropy so I apply that by understanding how our clients work, what are their goals, how do they measure their goals, what are the outcomes they want to achieve. I would encourage anyone to get really good at understanding the business value of what your solutions can offer and how you can help clients. Fred Diamond: Again, you service the nonprofit marketplace. What are some of the key drivers for people who sell things to those types of entities? Chris Krackeler: It’s not that different from the for-profit world, it just has different terminology. It’s all about acquisition and retention, same with the for-profit business, you want to gain new clients, you also want to keep or retain the clients you have. In the nonprofit world, that’s called fundraising. Nonprofits also do marketing and they do awareness and activism and volunteering so there are other outcomes, but fundraising is a big driver. Fred Diamond: Tell us a little more about your specific area of brilliance. What are you an expert in? Chris Krackeler: Brilliance is a strong word, but as a leader I want to excel in two areas. I want to excel in understanding the numbers and I want to excel in motivating the people around me, both my staff and clients. It’s the art and the science of the profession, I want to make sure that people are motivated by me as a leader and by the programs we set up. I also want to understand the numbers really well, what are the levers to pull? What’s the size of the pipeline, the average deal cycle, how do we get the engine or the machine to work more efficiently? Fred Diamond: We’re going to talk a little bit about some of the challenges you face, but you mentioned motivating. What are some of the things, Chris, that you see today that motivate successful sales professionals? Chris Krackeler: I’m going to quote Aristotle here, I think happiness comes from virtue and it also comes from prosperity. We want to create an environment where salespeople can be successful but also do the right thing based on the clients they serve, also our company. We want to also create an environment where it’s positive and fun. Not rah-rah fun, but fun in that we enjoy the fruits of our own effort, we enjoy our hard work and we enjoy the noble profession that you and I both work in. Fred Diamond: I think we once had someone who quoted Plato, so good for you with the Aristotle. That’s the first time on the Sales Game Changers podcast. Speaking of Aristotle, you’ve probably had some great mentors along the way. Tell us about an impactful sales career mentor or two and how they impacted your career. Chris Krackeler: Multiple, I’ve been super fortunate to work with very talented people. An early one from way back when was Sheeraz Haji, who was the CEO of the startup GetActive that I worked for. He was the person that first pushed and guided me to grow from an individual contributor to a sales leader. The first real sales VP I ever worked for was a gentleman named Randy Potts and Convio. He was big on team culture and he was one of the first people that taught me the value of a positive team culture and trying to cultivate all the qualities that you want people to have in terms of work ethic, positivity and persistence. Even today, I really try to create a culture where everybody wants to be part of the team and I think that’s important. Most recently today I really look up to Blackbaud’s CEO Mike Gianoni. His goal is for Blackbaud not only to be one of the best companies serving nonprofits in the philanthropic sector, but he also wants Blackbaud to be one of the best cloud companies in the world. As I look to grow into not only a sales leader but a business leader obviously I’m trying to soak up all I can from Mike. Fred Diamond: What are some of the things you look for when you’re hiring sales professionals to be on your team? Chris Krackeler: You look for people that are authentic, hardworking, people that can listen, people that are intellectually curious not just about features and functions of your solutions on the surface but really want to understand client need and how we can help their businesses or their non for profit businesses work more efficiently. Fred Diamond: What are the two biggest challenges you face today as a sales leader? Chris Krackeler: I think externally, one is adopting to a tech buyer and a SaaS environment. What I mean by that is people would quip, “Well, you never get fired for buying IBM” and I think today in this day and age a lot has changed especially in the world of SaaS where it’s so easy to demo or do a test run or a trial of a solution. As a result, I think the buyer can be swayed by sizzle more than substance at times. It’s easy to get excited about our product feature, our user interface and sometimes the buyer is less interested in engaging in a multi-week, in-depth discovery session. I think it’s our job as sales professionals to cut through that, to be consultative, to add value and really engage our clients and prospective clients in a way to help them think through and identify how they can most be successful. Often times, that’s a Blackbaud solution but not always. Sometimes a competitor might have the best answer or sometimes it’s a combination of Blackbaud solutions and a competitor. As long as we add value to the conversation, help our clients think and help them really identify what’s going to best serve their needs then I feel like we’re equipping ourselves to overcome at least that challenge. Fred Diamond: You mentioned before acquisition and retention. Is that what your team and you are thinking about as you work with your customers or are there other things that drive IT buyers in a not for profit space? Chris Krackeler: Outside of IT there’s a number of different business functions at a nonprofit. Fundraising folks that bring in the money are very much focused on acquisition and retention. People that do policy or advocacy might be more focused on awareness, impressions, moving the needle on a nonprofits policy issues. There’s people that work on the mission management side, so think of the Red Cross. They’re delivering blood to people in need or a local homeless shelter, they’re providing shelter for people and they’re focused on outcomes and how many people they can serve. Another challenge we have is nonprofit businesses are quite diverse and we’ve got a large `of solutions that we offer and it can be hard keeping our team up to speed on all the various lines of business that we serve. Fred Diamond: Was there a second challenge that you had? Chris Krackeler: I think that’s part of the second challenge, that enablement and doing that in a way that doesn’t eat up too much time. I’m a big studier – aficionado would be a strong word – but I really study and take sales enablement seriously. I think one of the challenges we have is a lot of information can come at the sales rep, bits and pieces of it all the time and we try to filter that, avoid some of the noise and schedule two deeper enablement sessions per month on a single topic. Then we always want to measure the outcome of the enablement that we do and a KPI for that measurement is usually pipeline generation. Again, long winded way of saying to challenge, to keep people very functional, able to have thorough discovery discussions across a lot of different solution areas and to do that in a way that also gives them enough time to sell. Fred Diamond: Again, you’ve worked at Convio, you’ve worked at GetActive, now you’re the VP of nonprofit sales at Blackbaud. Why don’t you take us back to the #1 specific sales success or win from your career you’re most proud of? Chris Krackeler: It’s hard to narrow it down to one, but something that jumps out way back in time, 15-16 years ago in my mid 20’s, maybe even a little bit more than that is the first enterprise nonprofit that had the goal of growing to a million people in their online community. They chose our startup to help power said online community and for me it was two feelings. I remember that elation of knowing with this big opportunity closing we were helping our company turn a corner and grow to that next level from startup perhaps to small company, but still a step. Also pride in that first big sale and knowing that I can do this, I can make it as an AA. Fred Diamond: Curiously Chris, how often do you engage with your customers in non-sales related activities? Do you go to functions, do you try to meet them just to talk or do you find yourself mainly just focusing on the sale side when you deal with your customers? Chris Krackeler: What a great question. I would say definitely monthly, I wish it were weekly or more frequent. Yes, our clients tend to have big functions and it’s great when I get an opportunity to attend a gala. I was at Autism Speaks big event back this past November and it’s always a pleasure to be able to participate as a donor to some of the nonprofits that we serve. I’ve participated in Susan Komen’s walks and their runs, I’ve participated in that regard. It’s great to be able to participate, I wish I could do it weekly, it’s probably more monthly. Fred Diamond: Again Chris, before we take a break and listen to one of our sponsors, you are a poli-sci major, your first job interview wasn’t even for a job in sales but did you ever question being in sales? You’ve been a sales leader for 20 years now. Do you ever think to yourself, “You know what? It’s too hard, it’s just not for me, I should have gone to law school.” What do you think? Chris Krackeler: Honestly, no. I’ve never questioned the career, I’ve been very fortunate, I’ve been able to work with great people and great companies. I’ve questioned moments, there’s been hard weeks or hard months or quarters but I’ve never questioned the career. Fred Diamond: Chris, what’s the most important thing you want to get across to the sales professionals listening around the globe to help them take their career to the next level? Chris Krackeler: #1 thing is listen. I think most every AE can talk and give a pitch for why their product or solution is good but not every AE can really listen and understand a client’s challenges. That would be one tip and then take listening to the next level. I’ve been fortunate to get a lot of positive feedback in my career, but I’ve also gotten my fair share of constructive criticism. I think being able to listen to that, the good, the bad, the ugly and grow from it is a way that’s helped me continue to grow and evolve my career. Fred Diamond: Listening comes up not infrequently on the Sales Game Changers podcast. What are some tips that you can give to the Sales Game Changers listening to today’s podcast to help them become better at listening? Some things that you’ve done, that you’ve learned to do so they can take the skill to the next level? Chris Krackeler: Another great question. One practical tip is to practice, don’t talk, don’t even think about trying to talk until the person you’re in a conversation with has finished their sentence. Often times we find our brain trying to respond even before the person’s done, try to train yourself to just listen quietly and make sure their whole thought or sentence is complete before you interject with your wisdom. Fred Diamond: That’s very powerful, are you good at that? Chris Krackeler: [Laughs] it depends who you ask I think. Fred Diamond: The hardest thing especially when you’re young in sales or new in sales is you have this list of things that you feel you have to get across. Even if you’ve done some research into your customer, you’re sitting there dying to get this point across, if you will but I like that. Try to wait for them to say what they want to say. It’s more important for them to say what they want to say, don’t you think? Chris Krackeler: I do, absolutely. Fred Diamond: Chris, what are some things you do to sharpen your saw and stay fresh? Chris Krackeler: Read, ask questions, take opportunities to learn other aspects of your company’s business. Don’t just understand sales but try to understand product development and marketing and lots of other things. Stay genuinely curious and even today, now, right here I’m sharpening my saw by being on your show. Fred Diamond: You mentioned reading and I don’t like to put people on the spot but what are some things that you read? Chris Krackeler: I like business books more than sales books, I think sometimes a sales book tends to be a little too formulaic. Whether it’s Malcolm Gladwell or any books on leadership, I really enjoy. Fred Diamond: What’s a major initiative you’re working on right now to ensure your continued success? Chris Krackeler: Last year’s big initiative was AE prospecting and pipeline building and getting AE’s to take more pride in developing their own pipelines. This year’s big initiative is helping our sales professionals get to power earlier in the sale cycle. Fred Diamond: Again, your customer is a not for profit and Blackbaud’s been around for a while servicing that particular marketplace. Do you get access to your customers, is that a challenge these days? Chris Krackeler: No, I think Blackbaud is a great brand and is a recognizable name. I think it’s easy for us to open doors initially, but like anything it’s not always simple or easy to work your way up to the most senior executives, especially if you’re engaged in a longer or more expensive sale cycle. Fred Diamond: Chris, sales is hard like we just talked about. The good thing for Blackbaud is you have a name in the marketplace, you’ve been servicing that market for a while, you develop solutions specifically for their particular marketplace. But people don’t return your phone calls or your emails, they think they might know all the answers, they can get them from the internet in a lot of cases. Why have you continued? What is it about sales as a career that has kept you going? Chris Krackeler: It’s my teammates. I’ve been fortunate to have great colleagues, sales directors and other AE’s that work for me. They’re the people that make it happen and without a great team, sales can get lonely or frustrating. I’ve been fortunate, I’ve had great people help pick me up and deliver results. Fred Diamond: That’s pretty powerful. As they say, you can go fast by yourself, you can go far as part of the team. I don’t think it was Aristotle who said that. Chris Krackeler: [Laughs] it’s an African proverb, I think. Fred Diamond: It’s powerful and I can’t remember who brought that up, too. That’s come up a couple different times. I want to thank Chris Krackeler, he’s given us some great insights, he’s the VP of Not for Profit Sales at Blackbaud. Chris, why don’t you give us one final thought to inspire the Sales Game Changers listening to today’s podcast around the globe? Chris Krackeler: If you remember nothing else, remember the value of listening, being authentic and having fun.

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What you like, what you admire, what you won t marry unless I am, what you will never change despite all the hardships, all are fake. The heroine and the hero will begin to advance their two person story line.Sooner or later it will be exposed one day. Lu Chengwen was very frustrated Okay, you can wish for your own happiness in the future. I understand Lu Chengwen said It s like in Diablo , after reaching a certain level, you can Buy a mercenary, give him equipment, and let him help fight. Oh Hun Tiangang was immediately overjoyed I grilled the Cbd For Seizures In Adults meat.After a while, Xu Xuejiao came over. Both of them felt unhappy. It looked crystal clear and had a beautiful pattern.You talked to each other while others talked to each cbd for seizures in adults other. You see, although he is cruel to us, he always praises us in front of outsiders Brothers, let s fight Keep your tone, study hard, and be Mr.You have money, but culture is your shortcoming. The most important thing is bloodline We are all nobles. Cbd Gummies 300mg Bottle Okay I d better wait until next week. I ve already agreed with my mother.In short, I will do everything as you say. But if something happens, don t blame me when you look back. I don t like kneeling down. I won t use it anymore.I don t treat everyone s illness, you know. You think you re helping me, okay You help her, save her mother once, and I ll give you double the medical fee. Full of domineering, not empty at all A group of boys pointed at Lu Chengwen with sticks and said, Sherubtse College Fuck you, little arm boy, get down Lu Chengwen walked to an SUV and stood there Who has the final say here On an open top SUV in the distance, a man He stood up, hugged two beauties, and picked up an electronic speaker Oh my god You are so arrogant, boy What do you do The sunroof of the sports car was smashed open, and Chen Moqun got out from above carrying a baseball bat. Lu Chengwen said Uncle Huo, save me Wen Dong and I It s a brother Huo Wendong was frightened and fainted at this time, otherwise Lu Chengwen would be angry to death. Cheng Wen. Huh What s wrong Although the car was going very fast, Lu Chengwen s face was expressionless and his eyes were calm.Good for nothing brother Cheng Wen I don t have any thighs no You can lose to anyone, but you can t lose to this woman Xu Xuejiao stood up at this time, took off her outerwear, and struggled to tear up the princess skirt. From today on, your daughter is responsible for taking off his clothes and belt, and you are responsible for worshiping him.Wouldn t it be beautiful if there was a enchanting little beauty wearing stockings and playing with her in my arms When this is over, I have to go find him and ask him to treat me. Now that the money is gone and the beauty is gone, the Leng family still doesn t know how to deal with it.I ve made a lot of money. The actual value of these shares alone can reach around 50 billion. Isn https://www.amazon.com/CBD-Gummies-Pain-relief-details/dp/1689284145 t this enough I have to pay a lot less for this Jiang Shihan was stunned and asked, What on earth is Mr.It s really not true, you are very beautiful and have a what is cbd gummies for kids good figure. Then why don t Sherubtse College you what is cbd gummies for kids like me I m already like this and you still refuse, I will be very shocked. But why is it so difficult when it s my cbd for seizures in adults turn Leng Qingqiu. When I think of how to relieve ankle pain such a proud woman as Leng Qingqiu, her hurt eyes looked at me with resentment and Cbd For Seizures In Adults sadness. When I capture him and give him to the young master, he ll explain it clearly.Lu Chengwen was so depressed that he really had no intention of dealing with these guys. I m not particular about patting the table with you I ll give her to you cbd for seizures in adults in a moment.The strategist appeared quietly, like a ghost Subordinate, please see the helmsman. Lu Chengwen shook hands with him Lu Chengwen. Mr. Lu Yes. Jiang Shihan said Young Master. Yes Lu Chengwen turned around and glared fiercely. Jiang Shihan glanced at him. Lu Chengwen frowned cbd for seizures in adults What are you doing out here How about it You can t die.You. this. young master, don t make such a joke Do you think I m joking King Tietuo looked at Lu Chengwen steadily for a long time. Not only the coffee cbd for seizures in adults was spilled, Lawrence Lu s suit was also ruined.Several people sat down. King Tietuo gave up his seat to Lu Chengwen. who I am Where am I How did I. come here Slides Still doing magic Lu Chengwen looked around and nodded It s good now, the lioness is here.Shooting someone hard is equivalent to telling the other party that everything I said is false and it is all just to shoot you. Well, gotta do their job. Jiang Shihan was surprised.

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Do you love the feeling of walking on a warm floor in winter? If so, you're not alone. A lot of people enjoy the comfort and convenience of heated floors. You are probably wondering, what are they all about, how do they work, what about the cost and maintenance? We have all the answers for you! This guide will take you through everything you need to know about heated floors and explain their pros and cons in-depth. Pros and Cons of Radiant Heat If you’re not familiar, heated floors, or radiant floor heating, is a system where either electric wires or hot water pipes are installed underneath the flooring to create warmth. The heat then radiates up and warms the room evenly from the ground up. Radiant floor heating is an efficient way to heat a room since there are no bulky radiators or vents that can take up valuable space. Radiant heated floors are the epitome of luxury and comfort. The idea of having warm floors to walk on during those cold winters or even enjoying the warm bathroom floors while you get ready for your day is very appealing. Radiant floor heating comes with a lot of benefits, as well as some drawbacks that are important to consider before making the investment. Let us explore in more detail below. Pros of Radiant Heated Floors Sure, maybe we're biased but there really is a lot to like about installing heated floors! 1. Uniform heating The biggest benefit of floor-heating systems is their ability to uniformly heat a room and floor. Forced-air heating systems use vents to distribute warm air throughout a room. The location of the vents determines which parts of the room will be warmer than others. In contrast, underfloor radiant heating heats the entire floor, which leads to an evenly heated room and for an even ambient temperature around a person's body. This means that you will feel more comfortable at a lower ambient temperature level because you won't experience cold drafts. 2. No maintenance Radiant floor heating systems do not require any maintenance. Once they are installed, they will last for 20+ years without any issues. In fact, WarmlyYours warranties its TempZone™ electric floor-heating system for 25 years (and for life if the system is installed with our SmartInstall service . If there is any cable damage during the installation process, a thermal imaging camera can be used to easily and quickly find and repair the issue. In case you need any floor heating support, WarmlyYours has you covered! Note: Hydronic floor-heating systems do not offer this benefit. 3. No noise Imagine trying to concentrate on your work with the sound of a furnace running in the background. It would be very difficult to focus, right? This is not an issue with radiant floor heating as they are very quiet. Unlike forced-air systems, there isn’t a loud furnace that kicks on. Therefore, you won’t hear anything while they’re on. Radiant floor heating does not move air around, meaning there is no circulation of dust or other allergens in the room. This is a major benefit for people who suffer from allergies or asthma. 5. Energy efficient Radiant floor heating is one of the most energy-efficient ways to heat your home. In fact, they are considered at least 20 to 25% more energy-efficient than forced-air heating systems. This is because the heat is evenly distributed throughout the room, so there is no need to overheat the room to compensate for cold spots. Additionally, radiant floor heating is very efficient because it doesn't rely on ductwork that can leak heat. Furthermore, thanks to the advanced technology, you can easily regulate the temperature of the room using a WIFI or Programmable thermostat. This means that you only heat the room when you need to and can lower the temperature when you are not using the room. As a result, you save energy and lower your energy bills. Generally speaking, the radiant floor heating cost to operate is very low. In fact, for a typical bathroom, it will cost you less than a dollar a day to run the system. 6. Easy to install Electric floor-heating systems are so easy to install that a handy DIYer can even do it. Which electric in floor radiant system do you recommend? It depends on a large number of variables including project budget and installation capabilities but the good news is that floor heating systems can be used under almost any flooring type. They’re available in rolls that already have the heating cable attached to mesh in a serpentine pattern. Therefore, all the installer has to do is roll them out and cut and turn them where necessary to fill up the room. They’re also available in loose cable with an installation membrane that features square-shaped “studs” to hold the cable in place. This option also offers crack prevention benefits for a heated tile floor. In contrast, hydronic systems are not as easy to install. They require a professional for installation. Another advantage of radiant floor heating installations is that they require no additional duct work, which can be both costly and time consuming. Cons of Radiant Heated Floors Every coin has two sides, and radiant heated floors are no different. While there are many benefits, there are also some drawbacks that you should be aware of. 7. Flooring must be replaced If you want to install radiant heated floors in your home, you will need to replace your existing flooring. This is because radiant heated floors need to be installed under the new flooring. The most popular choice for radiant heated floors is tile because it conducts heat very well. However, you can also choose from a variety of other options, including laminate, floating hardwood, nailed hardwood, vinyl (including LVT), etc. 8. Slightly elevates the floor height Radiant heated floors need to be installed on top of a subfloor, so your existing flooring will be raised by about an inch. This can be an issue if you have doors that swing into the room, as they may not clear the new flooring. With our ultra-thin Environ heating mats and our TempZone floor heating elements (even with embedding thinset) the floor height increase will be much smaller (typically 19/64" for Environ plus CeraZorb insulation underlayment and 3/8" for TempZone heating elements embedded in thinset or SLC). The initial cost of radiant heated floors can be higher than other types of heating systems. Depending on the system you purchase, electric floor heating systems range in price from $10 to $20 per square foot. You can use our Floor Heating Quote Builder to see how much a system costs for your project. You can also check out our Operating Cost Calculator to find out how much it will cost to run the system. However, you need to keep in mind that radiant heated floors last much longer than other heating systems and are very energy-efficient. In the long run, you will actually save money by installing radiant heated floors. Contrary to electric systems, hydronic floor-heating systems are typically more expensive upfront because they require a boiler, a pump and gas lines to operate. However, if they are being used throughout a house, their cost per square foot goes down because multiple rooms share the cost. How Does Radiant Floor Heating Work? Did you know that radiant heating systems date all the way back to the Roman Empire in the form of hypocausts? Traditional heating systems such as fireplaces and space heaters are inefficient when compared to radiant heating systems since they heat the air directly. This causes hot air to rise while the cold air sinks, resulting in an uneven distribution of heat in a room. Radiant floor heating overcomes this by warming the objects and people in a room directly. The heated floors work by either circulating warm water through pipes or by passing an electric current through wires which generates electrical resistance. The heat then radiates up and warms the rest of the room evenly via radiation. Can Radiant Floor Heating Benefit Your Home? Have you ever walked into a room in your house that was noticeably colder? Or have you ever stepped out of the shower or tub and felt a chill? Most homes have these “cold spots” due to tile flooring, which is inherently cold, or other factors like a cement slab, unheated crawl space and unheated garage. If you're wondering, "Can radiant floor heating heat an entire house?" The answer is that while nearly all homes can benefit from radiant floor heating, floor heating won't always be enough to serve as the only heat source. To see if floor heating can be a primary heat source for your home, make sure to check out our Heat Loss Calculator. Some of the most common rooms for radiant heat are bathrooms, kitchens, basement and bedrooms located over a garage or unheated space. To decide which radiant floor heating system is right for your project, you should first be familiar with the different types of radiant heating systems. How Warm Do Heated Floors Get? Most floor heating thermostats allow you to either control your radiant heating system with the ambient temperature (so the temperature in the room itself) or, if your system was properly installed with a floor sensor, with the floor temperature (the temperature that the floor sensor picks up). The floor temperature will almost always be warmer than the ambient temperature since some heat is lost to transference when the floor materials are warmed up. While floor temperature can be set as high as 104° F, the floor temperature is usually set between 80° F and 85° F, which is comfortable for most people (depending on the room and ambient temperature). The feeling of radiant heat is very similar to what you experience on a summer day when the sun suddenly appears from behind a cloud. Except in this case, you don’t have to worry about clouds when it comes to floor heating! Types of Radiant Floor Heating There are two types: electric and hydronic floor heating systems. Electric radiant floor heating uses electrical resistance to generate heat through mats or wires installed underneath the floor. The electric elements are woven in a serpentine pattern to ensure that the heat is evenly distributed. Many electric floor heating elements are designed to be embedded in thinset or self-leveling cement under the floor covering but some heating options, like our Environ product line, are meant to be installed without adhesives which can cut down on project costs. Hydronic floor heating, otherwise known as hot water heating, uses water that is heated by a boiler and then circulated through plastic pipes. The heat from the water warms the floor and radiates throughout the room. Electric vs. Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating Both electric and hydronic floor heating systems do the work of heating your floor to make your home more comfortable. There are, however, some differences in how they operate. Here's a quick rundown. Electric radiant floor heating is easy to install and can be done as a DIY project. They are also more affordable up-front and are ideal for smaller areas or rooms. Additionally, they are versatile and can be used with all types of flooring. Finally, a properly installed electric floor heating system requires essentially no maintenance to run properly. Hydronic radiant floor heating, on the other hand, can be used to heat larger areas than electric. It, however, takes a longer time to heat up compared to electric radiant floor heating, which typically takes around 30-50 minutes to heat up. This means you might have to leave them on for a couple of hours before you need the heat. Additionally, they are more expensive to install but can last for decades with proper maintenance. The installation is more complex and usually requires a professional. It also requires higher up-front costs because of the boiler and associated equipment. Generally, both methods are effective in providing radiant floor heating. The main difference lies in the installation process, the cost, and the time it takes to heat up the floor. If you are doing a complete home remodel or building a new home, a hydronic in-floor heating system would be ideal. On the other hand, the electric radiant floor heating system would be a better and more affordable option if you are renovating a room (or a few rooms) or looking to only add floor heating to specific areas in your home. Best Areas in Your Home for Floor Heating Here are the best areas to install heated flooring in your home: Bathrooms are one of the most popular areas for heated flooring. Nobody likes stepping onto cold tile floors after a warm shower or bath. Heated bathroom floors provide a luxurious and comfortable experience, making your morning routine more enjoyable. Kitchens are another great area for heated floors. Since you spend a lot of time standing in the kitchen preparing meals, having warm kitchen floors can make the experience more comfortable. Heated floors can also help keep your feet warm on cold mornings when you're making breakfast. Waking up and stepping onto a warm bedroom floor can be a wonderful way to start your day. Heated floors in bedrooms provide a cozy and comfortable atmosphere, especially during colder months. Garages are often unheated spaces that can be uncomfortable to work in during the winter. Installing heated floors in your garage can make it a more usable space year-round, whether you use it for storage, as a workshop, or for parking your vehicles. Basements are notoriously cold and damp, but heated floors can help mitigate these issues. Radiant basement floor heating can make your basement a more comfortable and inviting space, whether you use it for storage, as a home gym, or as an extra living area. If you work from home, you know how important it is to have a comfortable workspace. Heated floors in your home office can help keep you warm and focused throughout the day, even during the coldest winters. Sun rooms are a great place to relax and enjoy the outdoors without leaving the comfort of your home. However, they can get chilly during the winter months. Heated floors can help keep your sunroom warm and comfortable year-round. While not technically inside your home, heated driveways are a great addition for those who live in areas with snowy winters. A heated driveway can melt snow and ice, making it safer and easier to navigate during the snowy season. Laundry rooms can be cold and uninviting spaces, especially if they're located in a basement or garage. Heated floors can make doing laundry a more pleasant experience and help keep your feet warm while you're folding clothes, ironing, and loading/unloading laundry. How to Install Heated Floors Here are the steps to install heated flooring in your home. Please note that some of the steps below are largely related to our most popular floor heating product, the TempZone Flex Roll, but the general ideas are applicable to most electric floor heating elements. Step 1: Create a Floor Plan To ensure a smooth installation process, begin by creating a professional floor plan. Measure the areas you want to heat, excluding spaces like toilets, air vents, vanities, cabinets, and islands. You can find tips on accurately measuring rooms yourself on our website. Once you have your measurements, submit them to WarmlyYours online, and within a day, you'll receive a customized floor plan showing how to efficiently warm your room and which products you need. Step 2: Purchase Your Materials Your personalized floor plan will specify the exact floor-warming roll, mat, or cable needed for your project, along with the cost. To place your order, call 800-875-5285 or visit www.warmlyyours.com. Consider purchasing the Circuit Check from WarmlyYours, a small device that alerts you to any shorts or breaks in the system during installation. This simple product can help you avoid common DIY installation issues. Simply wire it to the mat during installation, and an alarm will sound if any damage occurs to the circuits. You can then check the area you were working on or where someone stepped to quickly resolve the issue. See video here for more details. Step 3: Test the Products Before beginning the installation, test your WarmlyYours electric floor-heating system with a digital ohmmeter. The test results should be within 15% of the value marked on the UL label. Step 4: Prepare the Subfloor Carefully inspect your subfloor surface and remove any potential hazards that could damage the heating element, such as sharp edges, staples, or exposed nails. Once the area is clear, refer to the provided installation plan and mark off areas where permanent, heavy fixtures will be placed. To complete the installation, you'll typically need a digital ohmmeter, scissors, a staple gun, a Circuit Check, a tape measure, a hot glue gun, and optionally, a splice kit. Step 5: Install the Heating System Following the instructions on your floor plan, roll out the mesh roll with the heating cable facing down to protect it during installation. When you reach a turn, cut the mesh across, being careful not to cut the heating cable, and move the remaining section of the cable into place to start your next run. If you need to work around an object or corner, freeform the heating cable as indicated on your customized floor plan. Trim the tape, separate the heating element, and remove the mesh. Then, place the heating element in a serpentine design by hand, maintaining 3-inch spacing for optimal performance, and secure it to the floor with hot glue or tape. Ensure the heating rolls are straight and properly spaced as you secure them to the floor using hot glue or staples, depending on the flooring type. Step 6: Install the Sensor Position the sensor between the heating cables, making sure not to overlap any of them. Weave the sensor between the mesh (spaced equidistant from two runs of the heating cable) or use hot glue to hold it securely in place, preventing it from moving when applying adhesive to embed the heating elements. Step 7: Retest the System Using a digital ohmmeter, retest the rolls to ensure they are in good working condition. The test results should still be within 15% of the value marked on the UL label. Then, connect the WarmlyYours Circuit Check to confirm there are no shorts in the system. Step 8: Connect the Thermostat Once you've confirmed that your heating rolls are working correctly, have a professional electrician wire your WarmlyYours thermostat according to the provided instructions. Step 9: Install the Flooring Complete the project by installing your chosen flooring. Although it may be tempting to use your radiant heating system immediately, allow the thinset and grout to cure completely before powering it on. So, Are Heated Floors Worth It? After weighing the pros and cons, it's clear that heated floors are a worthwhile investment for many homeowners. The initial cost seem high but the long-term benefits of energy efficiency, comfort, and luxury make radiant floor heating an attractive option. With proper installation, heated floors can provide consistent, even warmth for years to come, enhancing the overall comfort and value of your home. Moreover, the versatility of heated floors allows for installation in various rooms, from bathrooms and kitchens to bedrooms and living spaces. The ability to control the temperature of individual rooms or zones further contributes to energy savings and personalized comfort. When considering the numerous advantages and the potential for increased home value, it's evident that heated floors are a smart choice for those seeking a superior heating solution. How to Get Started To find out how much the in-floor heating cost would be for your next remodel, check out WarmlyYours’s Radiant Floor Heating Quote Builder. Does electric floor heat cost a lot per month? You can get a rough idea of how much it will cost to run a system by using the WarmlyYours Operating Cost Calculator. Once you’re ready to move forward with the installation, you can find a list of the contractors in your area that work with radiant floor heating here. Choose a professional to install your floor-heating system, tile, thermostat, etc. Or, do the work yourself if you’re so inclined, and only hire a professional electrician to finish the job by installing the thermostat. The option is yours. Once you’ve started your project, WarmlyYours will still be there to help. Our technical experts are available by phone 24/7 at 800-875-5285 to help you with any questions that arise during installation. Here are some common questions relating to floor heating that we've gotten over the years. How much does it cost to install heated floors? The cost of installing heated floors varies depending on factors such as the size of the room, the type of system chosen (electric or hydronic), and the flooring material. On average, electric radiant floor heating systems cost between $10 to $20 per square foot, while hydronic systems can range from $6 to $20 per square foot. Get a quote here for an accurate estimate. Can heated floors be the sole heat source for a room? In many cases, heated floors can serve as the primary heat source for a room, especially in smaller, well-insulated spaces like bathrooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. However, for larger rooms or those with less insulation, radiant floor heating may need to be supplemented with another heating system to maintain a comfortable temperature. Are heated floors energy-efficient? Yes, heated floors are energy-efficient because they provide even, consistent heat distribution, reducing the need for high temperatures and minimizing heat loss. Additionally, programmable thermostats and zoned heating options allow for greater control over energy usage, further optimizing efficiency. Can heated floors be installed under any type of flooring? Heated floors can be installed under a wide range of flooring materials, including tile, stone, hardwood, laminate, and vinyl. However, some flooring types, such as thick carpets or certain hardwoods, may not be suitable for use with radiant heating systems. It's crucial to consult with our professionals to determine the best flooring options for your specific system. Can I install heated floors myself, or do I need a professional? While some electric radiant floor heating systems are designed for DIY installation, it's generally recommended to hire a professional for the best results. A professional installer can ensure that the system is installed correctly, minimize the risk of damage, and verify that the system is working properly before finalizing the flooring installation. For hydronic systems, professional installation is essential due to the complexity of the system and the need for proper boiler and piping setup. Click here and we can try to connect you with an installer in your area.

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Aesthetics play a significant role in various aspects of life, from art and design to fashion and lifestyle. The growing interest in different types of aesthetics has led to a visual delight for enthusiasts seeking inspiration and creativity. In this article, we will unveil the mesmerizing types of aesthetics, providing a comprehensive guide to different aesthetic categories, styles, and movements. Understanding aesthetics is essential to appreciate the beauty and meaning behind various artistic expressions. Aesthetics encompasses the subjective experience of beauty and the emotional response it evokes. It is a deeply personal and individualistic concept that varies from person to person. IV. Categories and Styles of Aesthetics When it comes to aesthetics, there is a wide range of categories and styles to explore. Each aesthetic has its own unique characteristics and key elements that define its overall look and feel. Whether you’re drawn to minimalist aesthetics, vintage vibes, or modern designs, there’s an aesthetic out there that will resonate with your personal preferences. One popular aesthetic category is Y2K Aesthetic. This aesthetic is inspired by the fashion and culture of the late 1990s and early 2000s, with a focus on bright colors, bold patterns, and futuristic elements. Y2K Aesthetic is all about embracing nostalgia and celebrating the vibrant and playful styles of the turn of the millennium. Another aesthetic style that has gained popularity in recent years is Denim. Denim aesthetics are characterized by their use of denim fabric in various forms, such as jeans, jackets, and skirts. This aesthetic is often associated with a casual and effortless vibe, perfect for those who appreciate a laid-back and timeless look. If you’re looking for a feminine and romantic aesthetic, Dresses are a great choice. Dresses can be styled in a variety of ways to achieve different aesthetics, from bohemian to vintage-inspired. They are versatile pieces that can be dressed up or down, making them a staple in many wardrobes. For those who are drawn to bold and eclectic styles, Harajuku Style is a popular aesthetic choice. Harajuku fashion originated in Japan and is known for its vibrant colors, mix of patterns, and playful accessories. This aesthetic is all about self-expression and embracing individuality through fashion. If you prefer a more casual and comfortable aesthetic, Hoodies are a must-have. Hoodies are cozy and versatile, making them a popular choice for those who value comfort and style. They can be paired with jeans, skirts, or even dresses to create a laid-back and effortless look. When it comes to bottoms, skirts are a versatile piece that can be styled in various ways to achieve different aesthetics. From mini skirts to maxi skirts, there are endless options to choose from. Skirts can be paired with crop tops, sweaters, or blouses to create a look that reflects your personal style. Cardigans are another popular clothing item that can add a touch of elegance and sophistication to any outfit. Whether you prefer oversized cardigans for a cozy and relaxed look or fitted cardigans for a more polished appearance, this versatile piece can be styled in numerous ways to achieve different aesthetics. If you’re looking for a coordinated and put-together look, two-piece sets are a great option. Two-piece sets typically consist of a matching top and bottom, creating a cohesive and stylish outfit. They come in various styles and patterns, allowing you to express your personal aesthetic. Crop tops are a popular choice for those who want to show a little skin V. Aesthetic Movements and Influences When exploring the mesmerizing world of aesthetics, it’s essential to delve into specific aesthetic movements and influences that have shaped art, design, and fashion throughout history. These movements have left an indelible mark on various aesthetic styles and continue to inspire contemporary creators. A. Art Deco One prominent aesthetic movement is Art Deco, which emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. Art Deco is characterized by its geometric shapes, bold colors, and luxurious materials. It influenced architecture, interior design, fashion, and even everyday objects like furniture and jewelry. The Chrysler Building in New York City is a prime example of Art Deco architecture, with its sleek lines and intricate ornamentation. For those seeking to incorporate Art Deco aesthetics into their lives, Y2K Aesthetic Store offers a range of products that capture the essence of this movement. From geometric-patterned dresses to statement jewelry, these pieces evoke the glamour and sophistication of the Art Deco era. B. Industrial Design Another influential aesthetic movement is Industrial design, which emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Industrial design emphasizes functionality, simplicity, and the use of industrial materials such as steel and glass. It revolutionized product design and manufacturing processes, giving rise to iconic pieces like the Eames Lounge Chair and the Bauhaus movement. If you’re drawn to the sleek and utilitarian aesthetic of Industrial design, Y2K Aesthetic Store offers a range of products that embody this style. From minimalist hoodies to industrial-inspired cardigans, these pieces allow you to incorporate the Industrial aesthetic into your wardrobe. By exploring these aesthetic movements and influences, you can gain a deeper understanding of the historical context and key features that have shaped different aesthetic styles. Incorporating elements from these movements into your own aesthetic choices can add a unique and captivating touch to your personal style. VI. Incorporating Aesthetics in Daily Life When it comes to aesthetics, it’s not just about appreciating them from afar. Incorporating different types of aesthetics into your daily life can be a fun and creative way to express yourself and enhance your overall lifestyle. Whether it’s through home decor, fashion choices, or even the way you curate your social media feed, aesthetics can play a significant role in shaping your personal style and identity. One way to incorporate aesthetics into your daily life is through home decor. By choosing furniture, colors, and accessories that align with a specific aesthetic, you can create a visually pleasing and cohesive living space. For example, if you’re drawn to minimalist aesthetics, opt for clean lines, neutral colors, and clutter-free spaces. On the other hand, if you prefer a vintage aesthetic, look for antique furniture, vintage-inspired decor, and warm, nostalgic colors. When it comes to fashion choices, embracing different aesthetics can help you develop a unique and personal style. Experiment with different aesthetic styles such as Y2K, Harajuku, or grunge, and incorporate them into your wardrobe. You can find a wide range of aesthetic clothing options, from denim and dresses to hoodies and skirts, at the Y2K Aesthetic Store. Mix and match different pieces to create outfits that reflect your preferred aesthetic. Another way to incorporate aesthetics into your daily life is through your online presence. Curate your social media feed to follow accounts that align with your preferred aesthetic. This can provide you with inspiration, ideas, and recommendations for further exploring different aesthetic styles. You can find aesthetic influencers, blogs, and social media accounts to follow at the Y2K Aesthetic Store. Remember, incorporating aesthetics into your daily life is all about personal expression and creativity. Don’t be afraid to mix and match different styles, experiment with new ideas, and create your own unique aesthetic. By embracing different types of aesthetics, you can enhance your personal growth and develop a style that truly reflects your individual preferences and values. VII. Creating Your Own Unique Aesthetic Creating your own unique aesthetic is an exciting and fulfilling process that allows you to express your individuality and personal style. By combining different elements and influences, you can develop a visual identity that reflects your preferences and values. When creating your own aesthetic, it’s essential to start by exploring various aesthetic categories and styles. This will help you understand the different options available and find inspiration for your unique aesthetic. You can browse through minimalist aesthetics, vintage aesthetics, modern aesthetics, and many more to discover what resonates with you. One way to develop your unique aesthetic is by experimenting with different aesthetic forms and designs. You can mix and match elements from various styles to create something entirely new and original. For example, you might combine the clean lines of minimalist aesthetics with the bold colors of retro aesthetics to create a vibrant and contemporary look. It’s also important to consider the aesthetic trends and concepts that are currently popular. By staying updated with the latest trends, you can incorporate fresh ideas into your aesthetic and keep it relevant. Following aesthetic influencers, blogs, and social media accounts can provide you with inspiration and guidance on how to refine and evolve your aesthetic. Remember that creating your own unique aesthetic is a journey of self-discovery and self-expression. It’s not about following strict rules or conforming to a particular style. Instead, it’s about embracing your individuality and allowing your aesthetic choices to reflect who you are. As you develop your unique aesthetic, don’t be afraid to take risks and step outside of your comfort zone. Experiment with different colors, patterns, textures, and accessories to create a look that is truly your own. Trust your instincts and let your creativity guide you. By creating your own unique aesthetic, you are not only expressing your personal style but also cultivating a sense of confidence and authenticity. Embrace the journey and enjoy the process of discovering and refining your aesthetic. Your unique aesthetic is a visual representation of who you are, so let it shine! For further inspiration and guidance, you can explore the Y2K Aesthetic Store which offers a wide range of clothing and accessories that cater to different aesthetic preferences. Whether you’re into denim, dresses, Harajuku style, hoodies, or skirts, you’ll find options that can help you create your own unique aesthetic. VIII. Aesthetic Influencers and Resources When it comes to exploring different types of aesthetics, it’s always helpful to seek inspiration from aesthetic influencers, blogs, and social media accounts. These platforms provide a wealth of information and ideas for incorporating various aesthetic styles into your life. If you’re looking for trendy and unique aesthetic clothing, the Y2K Aesthetic Store is a great place to start. They offer a wide range of aesthetic clothing options, including denim, dresses, Harajuku style, hoodies, and more. If you’re interested in building a unique aesthetic wardrobe, you can find a variety of clothing items such as skirts, cardigans, two-piece sets, crop tops, and shirt blouses at the Y2K Aesthetic Store. When it comes to finding aesthetic inspiration, it’s important to stay updated with current trends and concepts. Following aesthetic influencers, blogs, and social media accounts can help you stay in the loop. Some popular aesthetic influencers to follow include: - Y2K Clothing: This account showcases a variety of aesthetic outfits and provides inspiration for creating unique looks. - Jackets: This influencer specializes in showcasing different jacket styles and how to incorporate them into your aesthetic. - Underwear: This account focuses on aesthetic underwear and lingerie options, helping you add a touch of aesthetic to your wardrobe. By following these influencers and exploring their content, you can gain valuable insights into different types of aesthetics and find inspiration for your own unique style. IX. Categories and Styles of Aesthetics When it comes to aesthetics, there is a wide range of categories and styles to explore. Each aesthetic has its own unique characteristics and elements that make it visually captivating. Let’s delve into some of the most popular types of aesthetics: A. Minimalist Aesthetics Minimalist aesthetics focus on simplicity and clean lines. They emphasize the use of neutral colors, minimal decorations, and clutter-free spaces. Denim and dresses are popular choices for achieving a minimalist look. B. Vintage Aesthetics Vintage aesthetics draw inspiration from past eras, such as the 1920s, 1950s, or 1980s. They often feature retro clothing styles, Harajuku Style accessories, and nostalgic elements. Hoodies and skirts are popular choices for creating a vintage-inspired look. C. Modern Aesthetics Modern aesthetics embrace sleek and contemporary designs. They often incorporate minimalist elements with a touch of innovation. Cardigans and two-piece sets are popular choices for achieving a modern aesthetic. D. Art Deco Art Deco is an aesthetic movement that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. It is characterized by geometric shapes, bold colors, and luxurious materials. Crop tops and shirt blouses with Art Deco-inspired patterns are popular choices for incorporating this aesthetic. E. Industrial Design Industrial design aesthetics draw inspiration from factories and warehouses. They often feature exposed brick walls, metal accents, and raw materials. Pants and jeans with a distressed or worn-out look are popular choices for achieving an industrial aesthetic. These are just a few examples of the diverse aesthetic options available. Exploring different types of aesthetics allows you to find the style that resonates with your personal preferences and helps you express your unique identity. X. Exploring Different Types of Aesthetics Aesthetics play a significant role in our lives, influencing our choices in art, design, fashion, and lifestyle. The concept of aesthetics refers to the appreciation of beauty and the emotional response it evokes. It encompasses a wide range of styles, categories, and preferences that vary from person to person. In this section, we will delve into the mesmerizing world of aesthetics and explore the different types that exist. Understanding the various types of aesthetics is essential for individuals who seek to express themselves creatively and find inspiration in their surroundings. By exploring different aesthetic categories and styles, one can discover new ways to enhance their personal style and create a visually pleasing environment. III. Exploring Different Types of Aesthetics The concept of types of aesthetics has gained significant popularity in recent years, as people have become more interested in expressing their unique tastes and preferences. Whether it’s minimalist aesthetics, vintage aesthetics, modern aesthetics, or specific aesthetic movements like Art Deco or Industrial design, individuals are eager to explore and incorporate different aesthetics into their lives. The beauty of aesthetics lies in its diversity. There are various aesthetic genres, each with its own set of characteristics and elements that define its style. By understanding these different aesthetic forms, individuals can gain a deeper appreciation for the art, design, and fashion that resonate with them. For example, minimalist aesthetics focus on simplicity, clean lines, and a minimal color palette. Vintage aesthetics, on the other hand, evoke nostalgia and charm with their retro-inspired designs and antique elements. Modern aesthetics embrace innovation, sleekness, and a contemporary feel. These are just a few examples of the vast array of aesthetic options available to individuals. It’s important to note that aesthetic choices are subjective and can vary greatly from person to person. What one individual finds visually appealing may not resonate with another. Therefore, it’s crucial to explore different aesthetic variations and designs to find the ones that truly speak to your personal preferences. In the next section, we will delve deeper into the various categories and styles of aesthetics, providing an overview of their characteristics and key elements. Y2K Aesthetic Store offers a wide range of aesthetic clothing and accessories that cater to different aesthetic preferences. Whether you’re looking for denim, dresses, Harajuku style, hoodies, or skirts, they have a diverse selection to choose from. Their collection includes cardigans, two-piece sets, crop tops, shirt blouses, pants, jeans, t-shirts, shorts, jackets, underwear, bags & backpacks, long sleeves, corset tops, platform sneakers, bodysuits, boots, shoes, rompers, swimwear, sweaters, swimsuits, grunge outfits, sleepwear, Y2K aesthetic clothing, Margot Robbie’s Barbie costume, one size fits all items, accessories, cute aesthetic outfits, and more.

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Whether It’s a Small Shed, a Garage, or Your Whole House, These Do-It-Yourself Heaters Really Deliver – But Be Careful. Winter is here, and in spite of your best efforts, there’s always that one room that is too cold. Electric space heaters are the usual option, but they have some downsides. For one, they really burn up the watts. Most space heaters run at 1500 watts on their high setting, and our electric bills tell the tale. They’re also dependent on electricity. That can mean running extension cords to an out-building like a shed or detached garage, assuming it’s a reasonable distance from a power source. There’s also the possibility of a power outage–which could last anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks–and that’s when alternative heat sources are no longer just convenient, but absolutely critical. Many people depend on wood-burning stoves or pellet stoves to keep up the heat, but most of these heat sources are centralized to living areas rather than out-buildings. There are ways to distribute wood or pellet-fired heat to other areas in a house, but some spaces in a home just don’t seem to get enough. Fortunately, there are some easy-to-make alternatives that can allow you to keep any space warm. These DIY heaters are simple and can often be assembled from materials you already have on hand. They tend to be most effective in smaller spaces, but a lot has to do with temperatures that are tolerable rather than toasty. Even the smallest DIY heater can maintain a relatively comfortable temperature of 50° Fahrenheit. That’s sweater weather and it beats freezing. In larger spaces, you may need a few of these improvised heaters. Just remember, the more open flames you spread around in any space, the greater the risk. We’re going to explore three DIY heaters, but before we get into the materials and assembly details, we should cover a few points on fuels, fumes, safety and heat exchange. Two primary fuels are used for the heaters we’re going to cover. Candles and a 70% solution of Isopropyl alcohol. A third possibility is a gasoline additive known as HEET, but it can produce an odor if the heater is not burning properly and is more flammable than a 70% solution of isopropyl alcohol. The candles should be made with unscented, undyed wax. The smell of vanilla might be pleasant for an hour or so but can become a bit overwhelming as the hours wear on. We’re going to use plain white tea candles because they burn for 4 to 5 hours. The small metal cups surrounding the candle at the base also add a safety factor. Isopropyl alcohol can be bought in most any pharmacy and many hardware stores. The proof varies across basic concentrations ranging from 50% to 91%. A 70% solution is ideal because it burns clean and will keep a steady, hot flame. Goldilocks will be the first to tell you that 50% is too low while 91% is too high, but 70% is just right. A wick is used to draw the alcohol to the flame and this wicking catalyst is usually fireproof insulation material or, believe it or not, toilet paper. Anything that burns gives off various gases. Smoke is the most noxious and usually the result of burning carbon-based fuels. Fortunately, isopropyl alcohol and candles give off little if any smoke and the fumes are relatively harmless. The one caution has to do with the consumption of oxygen within an enclosed space. Any flame needs oxygen to burn, and a flame that starts to dim for no apparent reason is telling you something. It either needs more fuel or more oxygen. It seems contrary to the idea of keeping the cold out, but some degree of ventilation is recommended even if all it means is opening the door now and again. Open flames present obvious problems, so common-sense and due diligence are necessary here. It’s fair to say that many of us burn candles from time to time without harm, but the heaters we’re talking about will potentially be burning with an open flame for some length of time. That’s why the location of your DIY heater is so important. It should be away from walls, drapes, beds, and any other flammable materials. It should also be in a location where it won’t be knocked over. You should also develop a good insulating layer between the base of your heater and any surface, especially a wood surface. Temperatures in some of the spaces in these heaters will range from 200 to 400° Fahrenheit. Paper bursts into flame at 451° F, and 400° is getting close. Typical insulating materials include brick, tile, or a layer of stones underneath the heater. A double layer of these materials beneath the heater is also wise as it will further disperse the heat. One of the concepts that increases the heat for one of these DIY heaters is a simple heat exchanger. A furnace works on the same principle. A large slab of metal or ceramic is heated and then air is forced over the hot material to cause a heat exchange. As you’ll see in one of our homemade heaters, we’ll be using terracotta flowerpots to exchange heat with the surrounding air. A good example of basic heat exchange can be found on the iron tops of wood-stoves. They’re often decorated with cast-iron objects in various shapes to allow the heat from the iron firebox to transfer to the cast-iron decoration and to the surrounding air. If you ever see an iron duck resting on top of a wood-burning stove, you’d be wise to avoid grabbing it. It’s very hot, and heat exchange is the reason why. DIY Emergency Heaters 1. The Tin Can Heater This DIY heater is simple to assemble, it’s easily and safely stored, and it kicks out a lot of heat. It produces a fairly large flame, so location is critical. It’s also a potential hazard if it’s knocked over. There is isopropyl alcohol in the can and any spill will burst into flame, so be careful with this one. You’ll also find that an alcohol flame is difficult to see in daylight. Make sure everyone knows what’s going on so they don’t accidentally touch or knock over the heater because they couldn’t see the flame. The can is a 1-quart paint can and should be a new, empty can. You can buy them at most hardware stores for about $3. Don’t use a can that has any residual paint in it. The paint will give off toxic fumes while the heater is burning. Splurge and spend the three bucks to get a clean, new can. A 1-quart can will burn a little over an hour until it needs to be refilled. Don’t refill the can until it has fully cooled. An option is a metal soup can or another tin can. The can should be well rinsed, and the paper label and the line of glue removed as well. From there, the principle is the same as the paint can except you won’t have a tight sealing lid for extinguishing, storage, and future use. Materials and Tools: - 1 empty 1-quart paint can with lid or empty food can - 1 roll of toilet paper - 1 bottle of 70% isopropyl alcohol - A flathead screwdriver - Use a screwdriver and your hands to remove the cardboard tube from the center of the toilet paper roll. - Once the tube is removed, squeeze the roll so it collapses in on itself. - Slowly insert the toilet paper roll into the can. - As you approach the end of the roll, you might need the screwdriver to get it past the rim. - Make sure the toilet paper is below the rim of the can. - A large tile at least 1-foot square should be placed under the can. - Slowly pour the isopropyl alcohol onto the toilet paper wick until it is saturated. - Light the top of the can,f but be careful if you place the can in a bright area. The flame can be difficult to see. Place the can in a safe location. The can will get very hot, so extinguish it and let it cool before touching. The lid can be slipped over the top to put out the flame. Seal the lid with light taps from a hammer and store where you store other flammable materials like kerosene, gas, oil, and propane. Before using again, top off the can with more isopropyl alcohol. It may surprise you, but the toilet paper will not burn. It acts like a wick drawing alcohol from the bottom of the can. However, if too much alcohol burns off, the toilet paper could begin to char. When the alcohol level gets low, extinguish the flame, let the can cool completely, and refill to the proper level. 2. The Flower Pot Tea Candle Heater It seems absurd to think that one tea candle could produce enough heat to heat a room, and you’re right. It takes 4 to 6 tea candles to do the job. What makes this tea candle heater work is the heat exchange concept. Terracotta flowerpots fulfill the role of heat exchanger, and over 20 to 30 minutes, they will get significantly hot from the small flames of a few tea candles. This is another DIY heater that needs to be located carefully. The good news is that if it’s knocked over it won’t spread flaming alcohol, but melted wax is highly flammable and open flames are open flames. - 1 4-inch diameter terracotta pot - 1 6-inch diameter terracotta pot - 4 to 6 plain white tea candles - A large tile to isolate the heat from any surface and support the candles - Smaller tiles or bricks to support the flower pots - A quarter to seal the drain hole in the smaller pot when inverted - Build up the smaller tiles on the large tile so they can support both flower pots and create enough air-space to keep the candles burning under an inverted pot. - Center the candles and light. - Invert the smallest pot so it is over the candles. - Cover the hole in the bottom of the smallest pot with the quarter. Do not do this with the second, larger pot. - Invert the larger pot over the smaller pot. In 20 to 30 minutes you will begin to feel significant heat from the sides of the large pot and from the open hole at the top. To extinguish, blow out the candles, but be careful with the pots. Internal temperatures have been measured up to 400° Fahrenheit in the small, inner pot. Give them sufficient time to cool before handling. There are backup alternatives to flower pots. Maybe the best is a cast-iron Dutch Oven inverted on the tiles or bricks in place of the flowerpots. You won’t have the convection that a flower pot within a flower pot creates, but the cast-iron will definitely get hot. 3. The Soda Can Jet Burner This heater is an alcohol burner on steroids. Due to its compact size, it can be used in place of tea candles in the Flower Pot heater. One of these heaters under a flower pot will do the trick, and two will double the heat. However, this heater will also give off heat on its own, so flower pots are optional. The assembly is a little complicated compared to the other two heaters, but the materials are very easy to find around the house. Materials and Tools: - 3 empty and rinsed aluminum soda cans - A handful of fireproof insulation or pipe wrap insulation - 1 bottle of 70% isopropyl alcohol - A penny - Kitchen shears - A pushpin for punching the holes - A small hammer of anything that can be used to pound the pushpin through the thin aluminum - Work gloves to protect your hands from the sharp edges of the aluminum - Permanent marker - A small piece of a 2×4 to guide the marker on the can before cutting - Needle nose pliers - Put the can down with the bottom up and using a nail, carefully drive the nail through the center of the bottom of the can. - Using a pushpin, make 4 holes around the nail hole. Use the small hammer to help drive the pushpin into the aluminum. - Use the same pushpin to make 16 evenly spaced holes around the ridge at the bottom of the can. To do this, start with one hole and go to the opposite side of the can for the second hole and continue in this way to create evenly spaced holes. - Split the difference between the two holes and punch again. Keep splitting the difference until you have 16 evenly spaced holes. - After the holes are punched, rest the can against the 2×4 with the board lying flat. Hold the tip of the permanent market against the edge and slowly rotate the can to draw an even line around the circumference of the can. Repeat with the other can. - Cut a starting cut on the can using a razor knife. - Use the kitchen shears to cut the can along the line around the circumference. - You now have the top burner section complete. - Repeat with the other can and, using the needle nose pliers, twist and crimp the can every half-inch to make it easier to insert into the top portion of the burner. - Once you have both cans’ bottoms cut and the top punched, you’re ready for the insulation wick. - If using pipe wrap insulation (which is a cheap way to pick up some insulation), cut it the long way to the height of the base can. - Roll the insulation and stuff into the base can. - Carefully place the top can over the insulation filled base to fit together. - Press the top down gently until the cans are tightly joined. Pour the 70% isopropyl alcohol into the top and allow to percolate into the can. You could also use a gasoline additive like HEET, but you’re probably better off with the alcohol. You’ll have to repeat this filling step numerous times. Lift the can from time to time to assess the amount of alcohol it’s holding. - Using your kitchen shears, cut the bottom base off of the third can along the rim. - This bottom rim can now be used to extinguish the flame. - To get the can kick-started, pour a little of the fuel around the base of the heater to raise the temperature of the metal and encourage rapid evaporation. Remember to have a slab of tile to protect any surfaces from the flames. Light the top of the heater and the fuel around the base. If necessary, repeat the lighting process a few times to get the burner started. Wait until any flames are out before adding any alcohol to the heater or the tile base. You should also be careful to watch for any phantom flames. Alcohol burns with a dim, blue flame and can be very hard to see. - Once the can is starting to flame through the perimeter holes, let it burn for a few minutes. Some holes will not be lit but they should catch flame soon. - When a good number of the rim, perimeter holes are flaming, toss the penny onto the can to seal the center holes. Center it in place with a screwdriver. The heat from this tin can heater can not only be used to heat a space but to cook with a setup that will support a pot or pan. It also works very well with the terracotta flowerpot setup. Points to Ponder These DIY heaters work, but they can be dangerous. Here are some tips for managing an open flame. - The floor is a really bad place for an open-flame heater. It can be easily knocked over by a careless step, an over-anxious pet, or someone knocking something over and into it. - Think about how you currently manage open flames in your home. - Most people understand the importance of a fireplace screen in front of an open fire. - Gas ranges isolate the blue flame at waist height in an environment typically surrounded by metal. - Candles usually occupy the center of a table or in sconces on the wall. - Even space heaters are usually set up away from walls or furniture and really shouldn’t be placed on a rug. - Be mindful of ventilation. Open flames burn up oxygen rapidly. However, many of us cook over gas range tops with no apparent effect, but if your paint can heater is burning for a long duration it might be time to think about opening a door or window. - Don’t go to sleep with one of these open-flame heaters blazing away. Anything can happen, although the tea candle and flowerpot setup may be the most benign if properly placed and insulated from any surface. If you’re planning to use these heaters on a regular basis, you might want to think about stockpiling things like cans, isopropyl alcohol, tea candles, terracotta flowerpots, and a piece of fireproof insulation. Hopefully, you’ll only use them for a short-term trip to the shed or the garage in winter, but if they become your only source of heat, you’ll want to be ready. Start now to make sure you are staying prepared.

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Spanish Romanesque Painting (c.1000-1200) Nowhere else can we find such a wealth of Romanesque painting, from the most archaic murals to altarpieces that foreshadow Gothic work, as in Spain, and more particularly in Catalonia. This is due to a few courageous and clear-sighted men. Among the earliest, we must mention Jose Pijoan, who in 1907 published at the Institute of Catalan Studies a rich documentary study of Catalan Romanesque painting, and Mgr Gudiol, who organized the Episcopal Museum of Vich, the oldest museum of medieval Christian art in Catalonia. It is heartbreaking to think of all the masterpieces lost through man's stupidity: the destruction ordered by Carlos III of Bourbon and his painter Mengs - the king wished to create an elegant, refined court art which would brook no contact with Romanesque art, sprung from popular traditions and considered, at that time, primitive and vulgar; the suppression, and often destruction, of churches and monasteries during the great wave of radicalism of 1835 which spread over all Europe; and finally the civil war of 1936-9. The situation, however, is far less tragic than in France. In Catalonia, indeed, the Museums' Commission of Barcelona, which had begun (in 1906) by having copies made of the principal paintings, altered its policy completely and proceeded to take down almost all the mural paintings of the province, without damaging them, thus unquestionably preserving from destruction or from the greed of unscrupulous foreigners. Without this, many of these works would probably no longer be in existence. The iconographical theme of churches and altars is centred principally on the representation of Christ in Majesty. In the case of churches dedicated to the Virgin, it is replaced by the Epiphany or the Adoration of the Magi. Christ the King is then shown seated on his mother's knee, like a living throne. This vision of the Godhead is displayed on barrel vaults or on the central cupola of the apse, whose form recalls the dome of heaven. It usually occupies the central place in altar-fronts. (See also: Romanesque Architecture c.800-1200.) The earliest stage in Romanesque Biblical art is characterized by a powerful expressionism, and a dynamic freedom in composition. To this period - which lingers on unexpectedly in certain areas of the Pyrenees - belongs an altarpiece dedicated to St. Syrus and St. Juliet, which originally came from the hermitage consecrated to them at Durro. The mural paintings in San Juan de Bohi, not far from Durro, display a more elongated conception of the human figure and an expressionistic power comparable to that of the Durro altar-front, without the latter's brilliant colour (vivid greens, yellows and reds). They are painted in paler tones of grey, ochre and garnet-red, but their art is more monumental and more refined. One of the most complete of these religious paintings is that of the Stoning of St. Stephen, which has a keen dramatic power. At about the same time there grew up in Gerona a group of painters whose work swiftly spread southward. The best known among these artists is the Osormort Master, so-called because of the paintings attributed to him in the church of Osormort, representing scenes from Genesis and the Lives of the Apostles. Those in the little church of Bellcaira (99-100), dedicated to St.John, which depict the Pentecost, those of Marenya, devoted to St. Stephen, with a Crucifixion on the right of the central window, and those of El Brull, representing episodes from Genesis and the childhood of Christ, are also by the same master. The figures are of widely differing dimensions, the compositions and attitudes extremely varied. The tonalities are based on ochres, terracottas and bluish grey. We must notice particularly the huge eyes, the shape of the heads, the headdresses on the backs of the heads. The same features may be seen, on a severer plane, in the paintings of the crypt of Saint-Savin and in the miniatures of a manuscript of the life of St. Radegund, at Poitiers, late twelfth-century works. The architecture of all the churches painted by the artists of this group fits in with this chronology, even if the one certain date, the consecration of El Brull in 1062, is considered an inadequate control. Six years later, another church close by was consecrated, that of Sescorts, which shows the story of Adam and Eve. These paintings are akin to the work of a more southern group of artists, who produced the murals in the church of Polinya, consecrated in 1122, and of Barbara, consecrated at an uncertain date by the bishop San Oleguer [Note: Although Roussillon is situated in France, we deal with its art in connection with the Romanesque painting of Catalonia, as Roussillon was a Catalonian dependency until 1659 - see also Romanesque painting in France.] At the same time a series of churches in the Roussillon were decorated with paintings. The most typical examples are to be seen at Saint-Nazaire-de-l'Ecluse and San Martin de Fenouillar. In the latter, pre-Romanesque building, the walls were painted, probably about 1100, with scenes from the life of Jesus and a vast composition on an apocalyptic theme. Both can be attributed to the same artist, who was not concerned with skilful composition but communicated his own fierce feeling to these rough figures, drawn against a background of coloured bands. In the first quarter of the twelfth century, a painter of popular character with a highly personal expressive power decorated the side walls and certain other zones in the two churches of Taull in the Bohi valley, consecrated in 1123. The use of simple colour pigments - ochres, terracotta, grey, easily obtainable locally - did not prevent him from achieving marvellously expressive compositions such as that of the battle of David and Goliath from Santa Maria de Taull. The lasting traces of this artistic tradition are to be found in the great altar-front of Tabernoles, now standing in the Museum of Catalan Art in Barcelona, representing a series of nine bishops or abbots in mitres. The decoration of the central apse of San Clemente by another artist produced one of the peaks of Romanesque pictorial art. Without breaking with the traditions of Byzantine art, the painter reveals his own vigorous personality, and his realistic instinct makes his figures come alive while retaining all their abstract hieratic character. The abundance of works produced, and preserved, in Catalonia allows us to study there, better than in any other European country, the simultaneous work of a few great old masters of very varied training and, following them, of a group of minor artisans, whose style combines the influence of popular tradition with elements borrowed, with varying degrees of faithfulness and skill, from the works of artists of higher quality. Among the most notable of the latter, a few enjoy established reputations - for example the Master of Pedret, who reflects the Hellenistic tradition through Italian models (jewelled crowns, Grecian friezes, twisted draperies) and whose work includes portraiture, and shows a personal interpretation of perspective. The portrait of Countess Lucia de Pallars, in the mural on the apse of the former monastery of Burgal - now in the Museum of Catalan Art in Barcelona - allows us to date this work about 1085 and to place the whole group chronologically. The Master of Mur, the Master of the Ribes canopy, the Master of the altar-front at Hix and a few others who have in common an acquaintance with plane geometry combined with a predilection for splendid colours; the two artists of the apses of Taull, that of San Clemente and that of Santa Maria, and others whose work can be recognized in the dioceses of Vich, Gerona and Barcelona, as well as some artists who specialized in panel paintings, of which we have some first class examples at Solsona, Vich, Gerona and Barcelona, also form part of the same group. We can follow in minute detail the influence of these artists' work through the borrowings made by minor painters. For instance, the masters of Sorpe and Santa Coloma borrow important elements from the art of the Master of Pedret, in a way which is particularly noticeable in the churches of Pallars and Andorra. The consecration, in 1163, of Santa Roma del Bons, in Andorra - a church decorated by the Master of Santa Coloma - gives us a chronological indication of his activity. We must not forget an important group of paintings carried out in Roussillon, Vallespi, Cinflent and Cerdagne, regions which belonged to Catalonia until the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. All stages and all manners are represented by works of great interest, from the most archaic styles to the maturest (Serraboa, Sureda, Arles-sur-Tech - dated 1157 - Estavar, and so on) without forgetting the last stages, to which we have just referred. The artistic influence of certain medieval artists, moreover, spread beyond the borders of the Catalan counties. In the paintings at Vals in Ariege, the work of a local artist reflects fairly directly the manner of the Master of Pedret, which can easily be explained by the fact that the latter had worked in the valley of Aran which, in the Middle Ages, belonged, like Vals, to the diocese of Cominges. Recent researches enable us to attribute unhesitatingly to the Master of Pedret the mural decoration in the cathedral of Saint-Lizier, close to Saint-Girons, consecrated in 1117. The amazing Master of San Clemente de Taull decorated a small apse in the Cathedral of Roda, whose diocesan limits included the valley of Bohi until 1140. It was in fact the bishop of Roda, St. Raymond, who in 1123 consecrated the two churches of Taull. Possibly owing to the personal influence of this prelate, the pupils of the Master of Santa Maria de Taull were active in far remoter regions: Berlanga, Maderuela and perhaps Tubilla del Agua, in Castilian territory, which from 1111 to 1134 - not before and not after - were under the direct domination of the King of Aragon, Alfonso the Warlike. The king worked closely with St. Raymond, who accompanied him on his military expeditions and in his efforts to repopulate that zone of Castile, undertaken partly with the help of troops from the Pyrenean region. Somewhat outside this general picture is the magnificent painting in the Collegiate Church of San Isidoro, due, half a century later, to the munificence of Fernando II of Leon (1157-1188), who is portrayed there with his wife Urraca, and also the mutilated but important remains of mural paintings in the apse of San Pelayo de Perazancas. The Leon paintings are in the royal Pantheon, a vaulted porch standing before the western facade of the church, to which we have previously referred. On this vault, which apparently conceals older paintings, are displayed a complex ensemble of vast compositions on historic or symbolic themes. The most attractive, with its many anecdotal details and its human feeling, is the Annunciation to the Shepherds. During the last years of the twelfth century, beside the traditional forms persisting from an earlier stage, there appeared in Spain a few exceptionally fine examples of a European pictorial style, strongly tinged with Byzantinism. However, although this influence is undeniable, the phenomenon is a complex one, and there are only a few sporadic indications - although not unimportant - of direct connection with England. The group to which an earlier date can be attributed is that formed by different paintings on wooden panels in the Cerdagne and its extreme limits (an altar-front from Valltarga and a fragment of a canopy and altar-front from Oreilla). A miniature of the year 1195, from the monastery of San Martin del Canigou, inspired by the work of this group, helps us to fix its date. These paintings are intensely Italian-Byzantine in character. (See also: Romanesque painting in Italy.) Two other painters must have begun to work in Catalonia at the same period, the Masters of Lluca and Avia. Their style is a return to the traditional Romanesque; their range of colours is much richer and brighter than that of the preceding group. Paintings on wood panels, such as the cross and threefold altarpiece of Lluca from which he derived his name, have been attributed to the Master of Lluca or his entourage, as well as mural paintings (Puigreig, San Pablo de Casserras). The Master of Avia is so called on account of the altar-front of Santa Maria of Avia with its fine Nativity. He is also credited with other works, such as the altar-fronts of Rotges and San Pere de Ribesaltes. In the region of Berga (Barcelona) and in the Roussillon, a reflection of his art, though unfortunately an unskilful one, can be found in the work of a minor painter known as the Master of Vidra. After this date other artists went on working in a manner more exclusively influenced by Western formulae, such as the painter of the altar-front of Mosoll or the Master of Espinelves, who painted, c.1200, an altar-front for the place after which he has been named, in the diocese of Vich, and the murals in a side apse of the church of Santa Mafia de Egara in Tarrasa, dedicated to St. Thomas Becket, the primate of England who was murdered in 1170. In the western part of Catalonia we find other examples from the same period. Some of them are traditional, such as the Last Supper and the episodes from the life of St. Catherine from La Seo de Urgel; others are strongly marked with characteristics of Byzantine art: an altar-front in the Museum of Catalan Romanesque Art in Barcelona and a cross in the National Archeological Museum of Madrid, mural paintings in San Esteban from Andorra la Vella, with scenes of the Passion and other episodes. Further to the south-west an important group of altar-fronts and other objects with painted decoration on a background of stucco relief, such as the altar-front of Chia (now in the Museum of Catalan Romanesque Art, Barcelona) dedicated to St. Martin and signed Johannes pintor. This set of painters, who have a rare popular flavour, must have gone on working until the middle of the thirteenth century and probably even later. The paintings in the crypt or lower chamber, built under the apsidiole of the Gospel in the Cathedral of Roda, are popular in character and belong to the second half of the thirteenth century, while in the Aragonese church of San Juan at Ancastillo we find interesting vestiges of a more sophisticated art, which may perhaps date from 1200. The altar-front of Gesera, dedicated to St.John the Baptist, that of Liesa which depicts scenes from the life of St. Vincent, and the mural paintings, older and of far higher quality, in San Fructuoso de Bierge, form the nucleus of a late Pyrenean-Aragonese school of art which is unpolished but highly expressive. The extraordinary paintings in the chapter-house of the monastery of Sigena stand out in contrast with all this, the more strikingly because their mutilated remains, which were shockingly damaged by fire in 1936, together with first-hand recollections and copious photographic documentation prior to the fire, enable us to appreciate their exceptional quality. On the arches and walls were displayed a double series of busts illustrating the genealogy of Jesus, and scenes from the Old and the New Testaments, completed, in the arches, by fantastic floral and animal designs. The dominant colours were ochre, salmon pink and sky blue, unusual in Spanish mural painting but highly effective, if we are to judge by the tiny intact sample that remains. This use of colour (style and iconography concurring) confirms a direct link with the art of the Winchester Bible, the Folio in the Morgan Library, the windows in Canterbury Cathedral depicting the genealogy of Christ, and the other English manuscripts which British historians usually ascribe to the last years of the twelfth century. A chronicler of the monastery, Prior Moreno, asserted that the paintings of Christ's genealogy at Sigena were made in 1232, which is to some extent in contradiction with the chronology accepted for the English works, but agrees perfectly with another date, 1258, at which we know the monastery church was consecrated. It was then entirely covered with paintings; those that remain in the apse today were the work of a disciple, or direct imitator, of the Chapter-house master. This second artist may have been chiefly, or solely, responsible for another series of mural paintings, those from Artajona, Olite and Artaiz, which are preserved in the museum of Pamplona. In Castile we know only one single example comparable in quality and in date with the paintings of Sigena: the fragments of a mural with large designs from animal life, originally in a monastery cell of San Pedro d'Arlanza in Burgos. Further west, we have an excellent replica of this in the miniature with the equestrian portrait of Alfonso IX (1188-1230) and a great heraldic lion added to the cartulary of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostella, known as Cartulary A. Its date confirms the general chronology of this style. In Leon, the most important thirteenth-century fresco paintings, in the classical Romanesque tradition, are those of the former Chapter-house of San Isidoro, known today as 'Capilla de los Quinines'. The remains of mural painting on the apse of the church of El Cristo de la Luz at Toledo, with the vision of God, figures of saints and a priest, are of uncertain date, though probably earlier. In this same town, the church of San Roman still retains a substantial part of its murals, painted about 1221, in which we find a juxtaposition of Moorish and Christian elements showing a certain Byzantine influence. Painted panels are much scarcer in Castile and Leon. We have a couple of very interesting specimens, however: a slender figure of St. Paul in the diocesan museum of Avila, and a reliquary with the Apostles and scenes from the life of Jesus in the Archbishop's Palace at Astorga. In most of the regions hitherto mentioned, the production of Romanesque painting went on during a major part of the thirteenth century and, except in Navarre, the Byzantine-influenced art of the beginning of that century seems to have had no imitators, in contrast with the artistic canons already assimilated from a far earlier period. We must not forget to point out that before the full development of Gothic art, a group of painters from Barcelona implanted their style in a region hitherto untouched by Romanesque art: the island of Majorca. Of this period, there remain in Barcelona part of the mural decoration of the former Royal Palace, depicting a parade of knights and soldiers: paintings of knights, animals and heraldic, floral or geometric motifs in a former nobleman's house in the Calle de Duran y Bas, and the scenes depicting the conquest of Majorca by Jaime I in 1229 discovered in a house at Calle de Montcada, which also has a richly painted wooden ceiling. At Palma, in Majorca, there are two important painted panels in a closely similar style: the reredos of St. Bernard, and a fragment of a reredos which, to judge by the iconographical arrangement of its varied scenes, must have been dedicated to St. Ursula. A very attractive artist known as the Master of Suriguerola, in the north of Catalonia, betrays the transition to Gothic art in certain accessory and ornamental features, although in essence his training leads him to carry on the Romanesque tradition so deeply rooted in his country. Spanish Romanesque paintings can be seen in some of the oldest churches and cathedrals in Spain - especially Catalonia - as well as in several of the best art museums in the world. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ART HISTORY

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Every avid mountain biker knows the feeling of speed — the wind blowing through their hair, the feeling of gliding over rough terrain. If you’re ready to push your limits and leave a trail of dust behind you, you’re ready for an exciting journey. In this guide, we’ll reveal the secrets to turning your mountain bike into a speedy beast, ready to tackle any road with lightning-fast precision. From optimizing your bike’s components to improving your technique, there are plenty of ways to harness the wild power of your two-wheeled companion. Whether you’re chasing the best or just trying to improve your driving experience, the excitement awaits with a boost in speed. Join us as we explore the world of bike modifications, training, and advanced training. From aerodynamic settings to body positioning techniques, we’ll walk you through the steps to get you into the world of top speed. Get ready to step up your mountain biking game and make your mark in the incredible crowd. 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Correct body position, smooth pedaling, and efficient cornering technique contribute to higher speed. By focusing on these key aspects and taking a holistic approach to bike design, you’ll be well on your way to building a fiendish mountain bike that’s ready to take on any road with unwavering speed. Prepare, adapt, and let the wind carry you as you ride faster than ever. Read More: How to ride switchbacks on a mountain bike. Aerodynamics Unveiled: Streamlining Your Mountain Bike Speed is a huge sensation in the mountain biking world. Any effort spent pedaling must be converted into quick movement. Explore the realm of aerodynamics, the science of reducing wind resistance, and the decisive factor in improving the performance of your mountain bike. You can transform your car into an economical, medium, and fast car by using all the power of aerodynamics. - Use a wind tunnel: Use a wind tunnel or even a simple DIY test to understand how your body and bike interact with air resistance. Fine-tune body position and bike geometry. - Stylish Equestrian Clothing: Choose aerodynamic clothing that fits snugly and minimizes drag. A leather suit, aero helmet, and gloves can all contribute to a slimmer profile. - Get rid of the excess: Remove unnecessary accessories or equipment that create additional wind resistance. Get the most out of your bike by choosing smooth, breathable components. - Change wheels: Invest in wheels with a deep section and aerodynamic properties. They can significantly reduce friction and provide a noticeable increase in speed. - Handlebars and Stems: Opt for aero handlebars that provide a more aggressive stance and reduce frontal space. Complete with a slim body. - Geometric Frames: Choose a frame with a geometry designed to cut through the air. This may include a lower front end, a longer upper tube, and a narrower tube. - Tire selection: Choose tires with minimal tread patterns to reduce rolling resistance and improve aerodynamics. Wider tires at low pressure can also provide smoother airflow. - Fluid Dynamics: Make sure the hydration system, bottles, and cage are positioned to minimize airflow interruption around the bike. - Driver Position: By lowering your body, bending your elbows, and keeping your profile straight, you reduce your aerodynamic footprint and increase your speed. - Training Challenges: Use techniques like establishing and maintaining a steady pace to optimize your speed while cycling. - Be aware of the wind: Pay attention to the direction of the wind and adjust your driving strategy accordingly. Going against the wind and maintaining a lean body can make a big difference. By immersing yourself in the world of aerodynamics and making conscious choices to optimize your mountain bike and riding style, you will experience the thrill of gliding in the wind. Unleash the aerodynamic power and watch your mountain bike become a force to be reckoned with, splitting the air and leaving a trail of speed behind it. Read More: Does biking help lose belly fat? Pedal Power: Optimizing Efficiency for Faster Riding Every pedal stroke on a mountain bike is an opportunity to pick up speed and move on. Maximizing pedaling power isn’t just about brute force; it’s about perfecting your technique, understanding the mechanics of your bike, and using your energy efficiently. In this article, we’ll explore the world of power pedaling and find out how you can optimize your efficiency for faster, more exciting rides. - The Science of Pedaling: Learn about the biomechanics of push-to-push pedaling and how to use each stroke for optimal power transfer. - Perfect pedaling technique: Learn techniques such as pedal placement, maintaining a circular pedal stroke, and correct foot position to increase pedaling power. - Mastering Rhythm: Learn how cadence (pedal revolutions per minute) affects your efficiency and speed, and learn how to find the ideal cadence for different terrains. - Gear Efficiency: Learn how proper gear ratios can increase pedaling power and allow you to maintain higher speeds with less effort. - Climbing Strategy: Master the art of efficient climbing by adapting your pedaling, cadence, and shifting techniques to overcome the difficulties of climbing uphill. - Proper descent: Learn to use the power of the pedals downhill, maintain control and use the pedals to maintain acceleration. - The balance between effort and energy: Understand the balance between effort and energy savings and how to manage your efforts at a sustainable pace. - Core and Upper Body Engagement: Explore the role of the core and upper body in generating power and balance while pedaling and optimizing overall efficiency. - Breathing technique: Look for efficient breathing patterns that maintain cadence and increase oxygen uptake and retention. - Mental focus: Explore the psychological aspects of pedal power, from maintaining focus during the intense effort to visualizing efficient pedal strokes. - Cycling fit and comfort: Learn how proper cycling fit provides optimal biomechanics, relieves stress, and enhances your ability to generate power while pedaling. - Training and conditioning: Explore non-riding exercises and routines that target the muscles needed for powerful pedaling. - Monitoring and Feedback: Make data-driven improvements using technologies such as power meters and cadence sensors to monitor and analyze pedal power. - Put it all together: Develop a holistic approach that combines technique, gear selection, fitness, and mental strategy to achieve maximum pedal power. As you step into the realm of pedal power optimization, you’ll discover new speed and efficiency with every ride. By honing your technique, making conscious gear choices, and focusing on overall improvement, you’ll experience the joy of faster riding and the satisfaction of mastering the art of pedaling power. So get ready, pedal smart, and watch your mountain biking ride reach a new level of speed and excitement. Read More: Is mountain bike good for long rides Gearing Up for Speed: Choosing the Right Ratios When it comes to making your mountain bike faster, one of the most important things to consider is choosing the right gear ratio. The right gear ratio can make a huge difference in your bike’s performance and speed. Let’s get into the details of how to optimize gear ratios for faster and more efficient driving. - Understanding gear ratios: The gear ratio determines the ratio between the number of teeth of the front sprocket and the number of teeth of the rear cassette. The lower gear ratio provides more torque, ideal for climbing, while the higher gear ratio provides higher speed on flat ground or downhill. - Finding the Right Balance: Choosing the right gear depends on your driving style and the type of terrain you travel frequently. Experiment with different gear ratios to find the right balance between pedal efficiency and speed. - Consider the rhythm: Cadence, the number of pedal revolutions per minute, plays an important role in optimizing gear ratios. A higher cadence can help maintain momentum and reduce fatigue on long rides. - Climbing Efficiency: For climbs, choose a lower gear ratio that makes it easier to pedal. This reduces muscle tension and allows you to overcome steep inclines more efficiently. - Speed on straights and downhill: On level ground or downhill, the higher gear ratio enables higher speeds to be achieved with less effort. This is important for maximizing your bike’s potential. - Fine-tuning with forward and backward: The strategic combination of forward and reverse gears allows you to fine-tune the gear ratio for specific conditions. Adjusting gears while driving can optimize your performance. - Try and adapt: The ideal gear ratio can vary depending on factors such as track conditions, your fitness level, and bike settings. Experiment with different ratios and see how they affect your speed and power consumption. - Seek advice from an expert: Consulting a bike mechanic or experienced cyclist can provide valuable information for choosing the right gear ratio. Their experience can help you optimize your bike’s performance. As a result, choosing the right gear ratio is an important step in increasing the speed and efficiency of your mountain bike. By understanding the relationship between gear ratios, cadence, and terrain, you can tune your bike for optimal performance and enjoy faster, smoother rides. Read More: Which bike gear for uphill Trailblazing Techniques: Body Positioning for Maximum Velocity When it comes to mountain biking, mastering the art of positioning can make a huge difference in your speed and control on the trail. Your body is not just a cyclist; It’s an active player who can influence the way you overcome obstacles, turn and reach top speed. In this article, we’ll explore upper-body positioning techniques that will help you pioneer as you accelerate to new levels of speed and pleasure. - Attack Stance: Learn the basic attack stances that form the basis for optimum body position. By balancing your body weight between the front and rear wheels and slightly bending your knees and elbows, you are ready to react quickly to changes in the terrain. - Weight Distribution: Learn how to vary your weight to adapt to different terrains. Increase traction and stability by using your body to shift your weight forward on the climb and backward on the descent. - Confidence in bends: Master the technique of tilting the bike while precisely maintaining an upright body position on bends. This technique minimizes the risk of slipping and helps maintain speed on turns. - Downhill Control: Learn to lower your center of gravity and stand on the pedals with your knees slightly bent as you descend. This crouched position maximizes stability and control, allowing you to descend safely and quickly. - Uphill Courage: Master the body position adjustments required for hills. Shift your weight forward to maintain traction on the front wheels and keep your chest down to open your airways and make breathing easier. - Pumping Techniques: Learn the art of pumping a bike over rollers and terrain. You create forward momentum by using your body to apply pressure to the bike’s suspension when approaching a slope, then bouncing back as you go up. - Technical Trail Talent: Cycle through technical sections with agility, using body position to lighten the bike’s weight while navigating through obstacles like rocks and roots. This minimizes impact and allows your wheels to slide over obstacles. - Jump Dynamics: Understand how to position your body during a jump, from preload to takeoff and landing. Proper body position improves control and maximizes your ability to take off and soft landing. - Line selection and vision: Combine body position with effective line selection and vision. Stay on track and adjust your body to optimize your route and maintain your speed. - Progressive Learning: Practice and improvement are essential. Start by learning basic body positions on the easier trails before moving on to more challenging terrain. As you gain confidence, challenge yourself with advanced techniques. - Riding Rhythm: Develop a smooth riding rhythm that seamlessly integrates body movement with cycling movement. This synchronization increases momentum and speed. - Consistency and relaxation: Maintain a consistent body position and stay comfortable on the bike. Consistency fosters confidence and efficiency, while tension suppresses fluidity and control. - Monitor feedback: Listen to the feedback your body gets from the piece. Adjust your body position according to how the bike responds to different terrain and obstacles. - Mental Focus: Combine physical techniques with mental focus. Visualize the road ahead, anticipate changes, and proactively adjust body position. Once you master this innovative body positioning technique, you’ll unlock a whole new level of mountain biking prowess. Whether you’re beating a technical section, going downhill, or skating, your body position will be your secret weapon for ultimate speed and control. Enhance your riding experience, push your limits, and lead every mountain bike adventure. Read More: Is mountain bike good for beginners Training for Velocity: Building Strength and Endurance Achieving high speeds on a mountain bike requires more than just hard pedaling—it requires a strategic approach to training that includes both physical and mental aspects. Whether your goal is to conquer the descents or gain strength on difficult climbs, a comprehensive training program is essential to develop strength and endurance. In this article, we will introduce you to the basic training elements that will help you increase your speed and endurance on the track. - Cardiovascular system: Start by improving your cardiovascular system through activities such as cycling, running, or swimming. A strong heart and efficient lungs are the basis for sustaining a high intensity of effort. - Interval training: Make interval training part of your routine. Alternate periods of hard pedaling and rest to increase anaerobic capacity and overall speed. - Strength training: Strengthen your muscles with targeted exercises like squats, lunges, deadlifts, and core exercises. A variety of strength training improves pedaling power and stability. Incorporate plyometric exercises like box jumps and explosive squats to develop the fast twitch muscle fibers needed for fast acceleration and bursts of speed. - Uphill Reps: Challenge uphill reps to improve your climbing skills and leg strength. Climbing steep slopes repeatedly challenges your muscles and helps you build the strength you need for long climbs. - Long ride: Gradually increase the duration of the long ride to increase your endurance. This ride mimics the demands of a long walk, preparing your body for the rigors of a long ride. - Rhythm training: Practice continuous effort at a challenging but steady pace. Tempo training improves your ability to maintain a steady pace for extended periods. - Rhythm Work: Develop a higher cadence (pedal revolutions per minute) through rhythm practice. Higher cadence means higher speed, resulting in a smoother, more efficient ride. - Recovery and rest: Prioritize recovery days to allow your body to adapt and strengthen. Quality sleep and proper nutrition are essential for optimal recovery. - Mental Focus: Train your mind to stay focused and stay positive during a tough ride. Mental endurance plays an important role in maintaining speed. - Cycling Skills: Improve your cycling skills to maneuver quickly and confidently on technical sections. The combination of agility and speed makes for a smoother ride. - Nutrition and hydration: Fuel your body with proper nutrition and stay hydrated to maintain energy levels and maintain performance during intense commutes. - Periodize your workouts: Intense periods followed by rest periods to avoid fatigue and achieve incremental improvements. - Setting goals: Set clear training goals for yourself, whether it’s reaching a certain speed, overcoming a difficult course, or finishing a race. Goals provide direction and motivation. Consistency is the key to long-term progress. Stick to your training plan, stay committed, and keep improving your technique. When you incorporate these training principles into your regimen, you will see a noticeable increase in speed and endurance when riding a mountain bike. Remember that increasing speed and power is a gradual process that requires commitment and patience. Go on a journey, celebrate your achievements, and watch your performance on the slopes grow. Read More: Best fat bike tires for pavement Mastering the Downhill Dash: Utilizing Gravity for Speed Few thrills can compare to the steep descents of a mountain bike that uses the force of gravity to reach incredible speeds. Downhill riding requires a unique set of skills and techniques to maintain control and maximize speed as you navigate rough terrain. Read More : ” Specialized Rockhopper 27.5 Review “ In this in-depth guide, we dive into the art of mountain biking, learning strategies, and tips to help you master the downhills and experience the thrill of speed like never before. - Position of the body: The basis of the advantages of downhill riding is the correct position of the body. Stay low and centered on the bike with your elbows bent and knees slightly bent. This squatting position lowers the center of gravity and improves balance. - Forward Vision: When looking ahead, focus primarily on roads and obstacles. Predicting what will happen allows you to adjust your trajectory and choose the smoothest trajectory. - Braking technique: Effective braking is important. Use your front and rear brakes wisely and apply them evenly to prevent slipping. Apply the brakes to control the speed without locking the wheels. - Weight distribution: Change your body weight as needed – backward on steep slopes to avoid rolling over the handlebars, and forwards to maintain traction when overcoming obstacles. - Turning skills: Master the art of cornering by tilting the bike, not your body, to corner. Outer foot down, inner foot up, and outward gaze are the principles that provide optimum balance and speed in turns. - Path selection: Choose your path carefully to find the smoothest and fastest path. Avoid obstacles whenever possible and use ledges and natural elements to your advantage. - Bike Setup: Set up your bike for downhill. Adjust suspension settings, and tire pressure, and consider adding seat posts for more agility. - Mental Focus: Be focused and relaxed. A calm mind helps you make snap decisions and react effectively to changing circumstances. - Exercise and progress: Start on the easier path and gradually work your way up to the harder path as your skills improve. Confidence comes with practice. - Protective Equipment: Safety comes first. Wear a full-face helmet, padding, and appropriate protective equipment to protect yourself from possible impacts. - Maintain your bike: Bicycles in good condition improve performance and safety. Check the brakes, tires, suspension, and transmission components regularly. - Uphill technique: Efficient climbing techniques form the basis of exciting descents. Learn to climb efficiently to access the best descents. - Respect the trace: Always respect the trace and follow the Zero Trace principle. Protect the environment for future drivers. - Learn from others: Join group outings, clinics or seek advice from experienced cyclists to improve your downhill skills. - Accept progress: Downhill riding is a way of continuous improvement. Brave challenges, celebrate small victories and experience the thrill of mastering downhill. By following these tips and tricks, you’ll discover a new dimension of mountain biking that will let you use gravity to accelerate and experience the pure joy of conquering the trails with agility and confidence. Remember that practice, patience, and a hunger for improvement will help you master the inclines. Fine-Tuning Your Technique: Cornering and Braking for Faster Descents Descending steep slopes on your mountain biking adventure requires a full skill set that goes beyond hard pedaling. When descending fast tracks, mastering cornering, and braking techniques is paramount to maintaining control, speed, and safety. In this detailed guide, we’ll explore the art of cornering and braking on hills, providing you with the knowledge and strategies to hone your technique and unlock the full potential of your mountain biking skills. The basic principle of turning: - Body position: Maintain a balanced and centered bike position. Lean the bike into the turn, keeping your upper body straight. - Outer Leg Lower: Lower your outer leg to the 6 o’clock position to stabilize your body weight and improve traction. - Look ahead: Focus your eyes to exit the turn. Your bike will naturally follow your line of sight. - Even Pressure: Apply front and rear brakes evenly to avoid skidding. Gradually close your hands for a controlled deceleration. Soften the brakes by periodically releasing and reapplying. This prevents the wheels from locking up and maintains traction. - Weight distribution: Shift your weight back a little to prevent the front wheels from spinning when braking hard. - Line Selection: Select the smoothest line through the corners. Avoid braking when cornering as this can cause you to lose traction. - Track conditions: Adapting your technique to track conditions – wet, loose, or rocky terrain requires a different approach. - Braking Before The Corner: Brake before corner entry to maintain speed and maximize acceleration out of the corner. Controlled skidding on soft surfaces will help you keep your speed through tight corners. - Guides and jumps: Mastery guides and small tabs will help you overcome obstacles along the way. - Start slowly: Start with smooth turns and gradually move up to harder turns as you gain confidence. - Practice Exercise: Build a cone in an empty parking lot to practice cornering and braking. - Stay Calm: Maintain a relaxed mental state. Anxiety can interfere with decision-making and execution. Mentally practice your lines and technique before landing. Installing the bike: Adjust your suspension settings for optimal control and cornering comfort. - Tire pressure: Find the right balance between traction and rolling resistance by adjusting your tire pressure. Read More: How to become a better mountain biker As you perfect your cornering and braking techniques, you’ll find an exciting balance between speed and control downhill. Remember that mastering this skill takes practice and dedication, but the results are worth it. With every successful turn and competent braking, you will increase your confidence, improve your performance and take your mountain biking adventure to the next level. As you embark on a journey to make your mountain bike faster, you step into an exciting world where technique, strategy, and dexterity intersect. The complexity of optimizing your bike components, honing your skills, and harnessing the power of physics combine to boost your speed on the trails. With each turn of the pedals, you are not only pushing the bike forward; You force yourself into an exciting world of possibilities. By tuning your ride, optimizing aerodynamics, choosing the right gear ratios, and mastering efficient pedaling, you unlock enormous speed potential. When you embrace good body position, cornering agility, and braking precision, you’ll seamlessly navigate the track with grace and grace, challenging what was once thought possible. Your journey does not end quickly; expands into a world where you merge with your motorcycle, where every movement is an incredible dance of power and control. Remember that chasing speed isn’t just wasting seconds of your time; It is the joy of empowering yourself, overcoming difficulties, and finding your way through the desert. Put on your helmet, grab the steering wheel, and ride with relentless determination. With every ride, every descent, and every climb, “How to make your mountain bike faster?” You take the word fashion with you. live, turn it from a question into a triumphant statement about your mastery of speed and the road ahead. How can I increase my mountain bike speed? To increase mountain bike speed, focus on proper gear ratios, pedal efficiency, body positioning, and training for strength and endurance. Regular maintenance and seeking expert advice also contribute. Why is my mountain bike so slow? A slow mountain bike could result from improper gear ratios, low tire pressure, mechanical issues, or poor riding technique. Regular maintenance and adjustments can help improve speed. Can mountain bikes go fast? Yes, mountain bikes can go fast, especially on downhill sections or smooth terrain. Proper technique, suitable gear ratios, and optimized components contribute to their speed potential. What is the highest speed of the mountain bike cycle? The highest speed achieved on a mountain bike is around 141 mph (227 km/h) by Eric Barone in 2002. However, typical speeds range from 15-30 mph (24-48 km/h) on trails. What is the average speed of a mountain bike? The average speed of a mountain bike varies based on factors like terrain, rider skill, and fitness. On moderate trails, it can range from 6 to 12 mph (10-19 km/h). Welcome to Bikegenics, where passion meets performance! We are a leading online destination for all things related to mountain biking, dedicated to providing you with top-notch gear, expert advice, and an immersive community to fuel your two-wheeled adventures. With a commitment to excellence and a deep love for the sport, we strive to elevate your biking experience to new heights.

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Opening 1: Gardening is a hobby that has taken the world by storm in recent years. People are increasingly turning to gardening as a way to de-stress, connect with nature and grow their own crops. However, did you know that gardening can do more than just provide you with fresh produce? Yes, you read that right! You can make money as a gardener too! This might come as a surprise, but with the right skills and techniques, you can turn your love for gardening into a profitable business. Opening 2: Do you have a green thumb and a passion for plants? Do you love spending your time tending to your garden? If yes, then we have good news for you! You can earn money from doing what you love. Gardening is not just a hobby anymore, it has turned into a lucrative profession. Many people are looking for experienced gardeners to help them maintain their gardens, grow their veggies, and create beautiful landscapes. So, if you’re up for it, then the gardening world is your oyster. Opening 3: Can you remember the last time you walked past a beautiful, lush garden and thought “I wish I had one like that”? Well, if you love gardening, you can make that wish come true for others and earn money at the same time. Gardening is one of the most rewarding hobbies out there. Not only does it calm our minds, but it also enables us to create beautiful and functional spaces. And guess what? People are willing to pay top dollar for a well-maintained garden. Henceforth, if you have the skills and passion for gardening, it’s time to put them to use and earn some extra cash. Pros and Cons of Turning Gardening into a Profitable Business Gardening is a popular pastime for people all around the world. It’s a great way to get outside, enjoy the fresh air, and be in touch with nature. However, many people wonder if they can take their love of gardening and turn it into a profitable business. Like any business, there are pros and cons to consider before taking the leap. - High demand: With more and more people interested in organic and fresh produce, there is a growing demand for local gardeners. - Fulfillment: Gardening can be a rewarding and fulfilling activity, which can translate to a sense of fulfillment in business. - Variety: There are many areas within the gardening industry, including selling plants, landscaping, and maintenance, allowing for a diverse range of revenue streams. - Low overhead: Starting a gardening business can be relatively low-cost with minimal overhead, especially if you already have a garden and equipment. - Flexibility: Depending on the type of gardening business you start, you may be able to create your own schedule and work hours. - Seasonal work: Depending on your location, gardening may only be profitable for part of the year. - Physical labor: Gardening can be tiring and physically demanding work, which may not be suitable for everyone. - Competition: Depending on where you live, you may face competition from established gardeners and landscaping businesses. - Unpredictable income: Just like any business, there may be periods where your income fluctuates or is inconsistent. - Marketing: As a new business, marketing and advertising can be a significant expense in the early stages of your business. Before making the decision to turn gardening into a profitable business, it’s important to consider the pros and cons outlined above. It’s also a good idea to research the market in your area and determine if there is enough demand to sustain a profitable business. With the right amount of planning and hard work, though, a successful gardening business is possible! Types of Gardening Services That Have High Demand Gardening is not just about planting and pruning plants. It involves various tasks that require different levels of expertise. Thus, there are various gardening services that have high demand. The following are the most popular types of gardening services: - Lawn Maintenance – This involves cutting, trimming, and edging grass. Lawn maintenance is an ongoing task that requires weekly or bi-weekly visits depending on the season. - Landscape Design and Installation – This includes planning and designing garden layouts, installing hardscape features, and planting. Landscape design and installation require knowledge of plant selection, design principles, and hardscape construction. - Garden Maintenance – This involves weeding, fertilizing, mulching, and pruning plants to keep gardens healthy and attractive. Garden maintenance is a seasonal task that requires periodic maintenance. Lawn maintenance is a recurring service that is in demand all year round. It involves mowing, trimming, edging, and debris removal. Lawn maintenance requires the right equipment and expertise to ensure the lawn is well-maintained and attractive. There are various pricing models you can use when offering lawn maintenance services, such as charging by the hour or offering flat rates for regular visits. Landscape Design and Installation Landscape design and installation is a more complex gardening service that requires knowledge of design principles, hardscape construction, and plant selection. This type of service is in demand during the spring and summer when homeowners are looking to improve their outdoor living spaces. Offering landscape design and installation services requires good communication, listening, and collaboration skills to ensure the client’s vision is brought to life. Garden maintenance is a seasonal service that requires periodic visits to keep a garden healthy and attractive. This service involves weeding, fertilizing, mulching, and pruning. Garden maintenance services are in demand during the growing season and can be offered on an ongoing basis or as a one-time service. Offering garden maintenance services requires knowledge of plant care and maintenance and the ability to identify and treat pests and diseases effectively. |Type of Gardening Service |Level of Expertise |Beginner to intermediate |Hourly or flat rates |Landscape Design and Installation |Spring and summer |Intermediate to advanced |Spring to fall |Beginner to intermediate |Seasonal or ongoing Gardening services that have high demand offer great business opportunities for gardeners. These services require different levels of expertise, and you can choose the ones that suit your skills and interests. By offering high-quality and reliable gardening services, you can build a loyal customer base and grow a successful gardening business. Essential tools and equipment for starting a gardening business Starting a gardening business is an exciting venture, but it requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and the right tools and equipment. Here are some essential tools and equipment for starting a gardening business: - Garden hoe – This tool is used for breaking up and cultivating soil, removing weeds and debris, and creating furrows for planting seeds. - Pruning shears – These are essential for trimming plants, bushes, and trees, and for removing dead or diseased branches. - Lawn mower – A high-quality lawn mower is crucial for maintaining lawns, parks, and large gardens. It helps keep grass neat and tidy and makes your work more efficient. Aside from the essential tools listed above, you will also need other equipment to make your gardening business successful. Here are some other things you will need to invest in: A vehicle – You will need a vehicle to transport your tools and equipment to and from job sites. It doesn’t have to be a large commercial vehicle, but it should fit all your tools and equipment. Protective gear – Gardening can be a hazardous job. To prevent injuries, you should invest in personal protective gear such as gloves, goggles, and ear protection. |Removes leaves and debris from lawns, patios, and walkways |Transports heavy loads such as soil, mulch, and plants |Watering cans and hoses |Ensures plants and trees receive adequate water for growth and health Having the right tools and equipment can make a significant difference in the success of your gardening business. Make sure you invest in high-quality tools and equipment, and always keep them well-maintained and organized. Marketing strategies for a successful gardening business When it comes to making money as a gardener, marketing strategies can make or break your business. Here are some tips to help you create a successful gardening business: - Know your target market: Before you start marketing your gardening business, make sure you know exactly who your target market is. Are you targeting homeowners? Business owners? Do you specialize in a certain type of gardening? Knowing who your ideal customer is will help you tailor your marketing efforts accordingly. - Network: One of the best ways to market your gardening business is by networking with other professionals in your industry, as well as potential customers. Attend industry events, join local gardening clubs, and participate in online forums to get your name out there and make valuable connections. - Create a website: In today’s digital age, having a website for your gardening business is essential. Not only does it serve as an online portfolio for your work, it also allows potential customers to easily book your services and get in touch with you. Another important aspect of marketing your gardening business is creating a strong brand image. Make sure your business name, logo, and overall brand identity are professional and consistent across all marketing materials. This will help you stand out from the competition and establish yourself as a reputable gardening expert. Building a client base Once you have your marketing strategies in place, it’s time to start building a client base for your gardening business. Here are some tips: - Offer referral incentives: Word of mouth is one of the most effective forms of marketing, so incentivizing your current clients to refer their friends and family can be a great way to grow your client base. - Provide exceptional service: The best way to retain clients and build a loyal following is by providing exceptional service. Make sure you communicate clearly with your clients, show up on time, and exceed their expectations with your gardening work. - Be active on social media: Social media can be a great tool for building your client base, as well as connecting with other professionals in your industry. Create a social media presence for your gardening business and share photos, updates, and helpful tips with your followers. When it comes to pricing your gardening services, there are a few different strategies you can use: - Hourly rate: Charging an hourly rate is a simple and straightforward way to price your services. However, it may not always be the most profitable option if you work quickly and efficiently. - Bulk pricing: Offering a discount for larger jobs or repeat business can be a great way to incentivize clients to keep working with you. - Value-based pricing: This strategy involves setting your prices based on the value you provide to your clients, rather than simply charging an hourly rate. For example, if you specialize in creating beautiful custom garden designs, you may be able to charge higher prices than someone who simply mows lawns. Promoting seasonal services As a gardener, your services will likely be highly seasonal. Here are some tips for promoting your seasonal services: |Offering a spring cleaning or planting package |Promoting lawn maintenance and irrigation services |Offering leaf removal and preparing gardens for winter |Providing holiday decorating or snow removal services By tailoring your marketing efforts and pricing strategies to the specific needs of your gardening business, you can set yourself up for success and make a profitable income doing what you love. Understanding the competition in the gardening industry As with any industry, the gardening industry has a fair bit of competition to contend with. Here are five key things to keep in mind when understanding the competition in this industry: - Types of gardening: There are various types of gardening, including landscaping, commercial farming, and residential gardening. Each involves different subsets of clients and competitors. - Local competition: When it comes to gardening, your competition is mostly local. Other local gardeners and landscaping companies are your biggest competition, so it’s important to differentiate yourself from them. - Seasonal demand: The demand for gardening services varies by season. Spring and summer are typically the busiest times for residential gardening, while commercial farming may require services year-round. - Service offerings: It’s important to understand what services your competitors offer and how they differentiate themselves from one another. Do they offer niche services like organic farming or vegetable gardening, or do they focus more on tree and hardscaping? - Pricing: Pricing is always an important aspect of competition. Understanding the average pricing in your area and the pricing of your competitors will help you determine how to price your own services. By understanding the competition and what sets you apart from them, you can create a unique value proposition that will attract potential clients. Whether it’s offering eco-friendly services or providing a personal touch, knowing your competition is an essential aspect of success in the gardening industry. How to Price Your Gardening Services Competitively As a gardener, setting the right price for your services can be a challenge. You don’t want to price yourself out of the market, but you also don’t want to undervalue your work. Here are some tips for pricing your gardening services competitively: - Research the market: Check out what other gardeners in your area are charging for similar services. You can do this by asking around, searching online or contacting local gardening associations. - Calculate your expenses: Consider the cost of your tools, supplies, and transportation. You should also factor in the time it takes to travel to and from a client’s property. - Determine your hourly rate: Decide on an hourly rate that reflects your experience and expertise. You may need to adjust this rate as you gain more experience and build up a client base. If you’re not sure what to charge, consider offering a range of pricing options based on the type of service being provided. For example, you might charge less for basic lawn maintenance than for a full landscape design project. Another option is to offer bundled services at a discounted rate. For example, you could offer a package deal that includes lawn care, weeding, pruning, and fertilization for a set price. Finally, be sure to communicate your pricing clearly to your clients. Provide them with a detailed breakdown of your fees and the services that are included for each price point. This will help them understand the value of your services and feel confident in their decision to hire you as their gardener. |$25 – $50 per hour |$75 – $150 per hour |$35 – $75 per hour |$30 – $60 per hour |$50 – $100 per application By following these tips, you can set a competitive price for your gardening services that will attract clients and help you grow your business. Challenges that come with running a gardening business. Running a gardening business can be a rewarding and profitable venture. However, like any business, it comes with its challenges. In this article, we explore some of the common challenges a gardener may face when starting and growing their business. 1. Weather and Seasonal Changes - One of the most significant challenges that gardeners face is managing their climate. Weather patterns can be unpredictable, and sudden changes can affect the success of a garden. If a client is relying on produce from their garden, it can be frustrating when weather events, such as heavy rain or extreme heat, damage or destroy crops. - Additionally, seasonal changes can also impact a gardener’s business. The colder months typically mean less demand for gardening services, which can lead to less work and less income. As such, it is essential to have a plan for how to manage cash flow during slower periods. 2. Finding and Retaining Clients As with any service-based business, one of the most significant challenges facing gardeners is finding and retaining clients. Many gardeners rely on referrals or word-of-mouth marketing to attract new clients, which can be slow and unpredictable. To address this challenge, gardeners can market their services online, utilize social media, and build a professional website to showcase their work. They can also increase their chances of retaining clients by providing quality work and excellent customer service. 3. Time Management Gardening is a physically demanding job that requires a lot of time and effort. Managing multiple clients can be challenging, and it’s essential to stay organized and manage time effectively. Gardeners can use scheduling software and tools to stay on top of deadlines and appointments and prioritize tasks based on urgency. It’s also important to set realistic expectations for how long a job will take and communicate clearly with clients about timelines and deadlines. 4. Dealing with Pests and Diseases |Common pests and diseases for gardeners: |How to prevent and manage: |Properly spacing plants to improve air circulation and reduce humidity |Using natural pest control methods or seeking advice from a pest control specialist |Consistent weeding and mulching to prevent weed growth Gardeners need to have a solid understanding of the pests and diseases that can affect plants. They should also know how to prevent and manage these potential problems to ensure their clients’ gardens thrive. This could involve using natural pesticides or seeking advice from a specialist. 5. Physical Demands Gardening can be physically strenuous work, and gardeners need to take care of themselves to prevent burnout and injury. This could mean taking regular breaks, investing in ergonomic tools, and stretching regularly. It’s also essential for gardeners to recognize their limits and not take on more than they can handle physically. It’s better to turn down work than to risk injury or exhaustion. 6. Managing Finances Managing finances is a challenge for any small business owner, and gardeners are no exception. It’s crucial to set prices that are competitive but also sustainable to cover the cost of materials, tools, and labor. Gardeners also need to have a system in place for tracking income and expenses and paying taxes. Investing in accounting software and working with a financial advisor can help gardeners manage their finances and make informed decisions about pricing, expenses, and growth. 7. Adapting to Technological Changes As with any industry, technological changes can have a significant impact on a gardener’s business. Adopting new technologies and software can improve efficiency and streamline processes. However, it’s essential to stay up-to-date with these changes and invest in training and education to ensure that gardeners can adapt. Gardeners can embrace technological changes by using software to manage scheduling, invoicing, and record-keeping. They can also leverage social media and online marketing strategies to reach new clients and increase visibility. Can You Make Money as a Gardener? 1. How much can you make as a professional gardener? As a gardener, your income varies depending on your level of experience, quality of work, and the area you live in. On average, a professional gardener can make anywhere from $20 to $50 per hour. 2. What types of services can a gardener offer? Gardeners can offer a wide range of services, including lawn care, tree and shrub planting, weeding, garden design, irrigation installation, and more. The more services you can offer, the more opportunities you have to make money. 3. Can you make money as a part-time gardener? Yes, you can. Many people start their gardening businesses part-time and then grow them into full-time operations. You can schedule appointments for weekends or after work hours to work around your other commitments. 4. What qualifications are required to become a professional gardener? While formal qualifications aren’t always required, having certification in horticulture or landscaping helps establish credibility and skill. You’ll also need to be licensed and insured to offer your services professionally. 5. Is a gardening business profitable? Yes, gardening businesses can be profitable. With the right equipment and skills, you can grow your business and earn a good income. Gardening is a competitive industry, and you’ll need to provide high-quality work to stand out from the crowd. 6. How can I find gardening clients? You can find clients through word-of-mouth referrals, advertising in local media, participating in local events, and creating a website and social media pages to showcase your work. Thanks for reading! We hope this article gave you some insights into the gardening business and the possibilities it offers. With hard work, knowledge, and dedication, you too can make a good income as a gardener. Feel free to visit our site for more information on how to make money in different industries. Happy gardening!

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Summer 2019: the season I began my deep dive into sustainable active wear brands. It all began with a curiosity about fabrics that promised more than just athletic wear a snug fit or a bold pattern. You know, materials that stood apart from the ubiquitous cotton. “Who would’ve thought? Sustainable Active wear that’s… affordable and eco-friendly?” I mused. My skeptical brow raised, I delved into a cascade of articles and testimonials. But then, as I read on about piece after piece from different sustainable eco friendly active wear brands, a revelation struck. Growing up in sunny SoCal, my active wear had a simple job: shirts should keep me cool and underwear that won’t chafe. But these sustainable gems offered more. They weren’t just eco-friendly; they defied the sweat and strain of intense workouts, kept odor at bay even after the most challenging hikes or sprints in 95+ degree weather, and seemed to always feel light and comfortable. The journey from cynicism to advocacy was swift and unanticipated. I’ve since become a vocal proponent for sustainable workout clothes. Not just for their environmental footprint, but for their surprising functionality and endurance. Join me, then, as we delve deep into the world of the best sustainable active wear around—discovering how these eco-friendly materials aren’t just good for Mother Earth, but also exceptional for an active lifestyle. Crafting Sustainable Active Wear: An Odyssey From Nature to Wardrobe Organic Cotton: A Glimpse Into the Heart of Eco-Fabrics Champion Brands: The Unsung Heroes Pioneering Green Athletic Fashion Certifications: The Rosetta Stones of Eco-Credentials A Panorama Beyond Cotton: Embracing the Rich Tapestry of Sustainable Fabrics Sustainable Cotton’s Sojourn: From a Humble Seed to Your Favorite Gym Tee Imagine the quiet rustling of leaves as a tiny seed, planted in the heart of an expansive field, begins its growth. Cotton, in its earliest stages, is just a small green bud reaching upwards, relying on clean water, fresh air, and sunshine to flourish. As the days pass and the seasons change, these tiny buds mature into fluffy, white cotton balls. Each one is a testament to the magic of nature: how something so small can transform into something so soft, robust, and versatile. What sets sustainable cotton apart is the absence of harmful pesticides and chemicals during its growth. Nature is allowed to take its course, assisted by farmers who prioritize eco-friendly methods. Then comes the harvest. Workers with gentle hands and practiced expertise pick this cotton, ensuring that every fiber retains its natural integrity. These bundles of cotton are then spun, woven, and dyed, taking on vibrant colors and forms, finally making their way into the workshops of the best sustainable active wear brands around. Here, designers and craftspeople, with a shared vision for a greener planet, transform these cotton fibers into garments. Each stitch, each seam, each layer is infused with a commitment to ethical labor practices, ensuring that the journey of sustainable cotton is not just good for the planet, but to its people as well. So, the next time you pull on that soft, sustainable cotton gym tee, remember the journey. From a sun-drenched field to an artisan’s workshop, to you. Every step infused with care, love, and a promise for a better, greener future. The Pioneering Promise of Sustainable Fabrics: Beyond Organic Cotton The vast tapestry of sustainable fabrics—spanning from certified organic cotton, to Merino, Tencel, Hemp, and Lyocell—represents a vanguard in the textile industry, pushing for a world where fashion marries ecology. Renewable and Regenerative: While organic cotton is renowned for its eco-friendliness, Merino wool offers a renewable gift from sheep, and Hemp stands as a hardy crop, rejuvenating the soil as it grows. These materials are not only sustainable in production but also help restore our Earth’s health. Tencel and Lyocell, both birthed and made from recycled wood cellulose, exemplify innovation at its best. Through a closed-loop process, they manage to transform raw wood into soft, luxurious fabric, minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency. Antimicrobial and Breathable: Merino wool stands out for its unique ability to resist odor, a quality anyone who exercises would appreciate. Furthermore, its breathability ensures comfort, regardless of how intense your workout session might be. Durability with Gentleness: Hemp is a fabric that boasts incredible longevity. But don’t mistake its sturdiness for roughness. It’s remarkably gentle on the skin, offering a comfort comparable to the best cotton out there. Minimalist Water Consumption: Beyond just organic cotton, materials like Tencel and Lyocell are also water-conscious, consuming significantly less during their production than recycled fabrics. This not only conserves one of our planet’s most vital resources but also lowers the overall environmental footprint of your clothing. Supporting Holistic Farming: These sustainable materials often emerge from farms practicing agro-ecology—a farming approach that interweaves crops and livestock, maintaining a balance with nature. Whether it’s the fields of cotton or pastures for Merino sheep, this holistic method ensures a coexistence with the ecosystem. Championing Worker Welfare: Just as organic cotton advocates for fair labor practices, many sustainable activewear brands that embrace other natural materials also ensure ethical labor standards. This ensures that each item you wear is steeped in stories of empowerment and progress. Each of these materials, whether it’s the cotton fields or the habitats supporting hemp growth, play their part in maintaining a vibrant ecosystem. They foster a home for diverse species, ensuring our planet remains a lively mosaic of life forms. As we navigate the evolving world of fashion, these materials stand as beacons of hope. It’s not just about looking good; it’s about feeling good—knowing that your choices ripple out, making a world of difference. Whether it’s the soft embrace of organic cotton, the resilient touch of hemp, or the luxurious feel of Tencel, each thread is a testament to a brighter, greener future. Spotlight on Titans: Brands Painting the Future Green Let’s toast to the brands that have understood that true style is seamless with sustainability. These are not just labels but luminaries, illuminating the path for others to follow. What makes active wear “sustainable”? Sustainable active wear is made using environmentally-friendly methods and materials. It prioritizes reducing harm to the environment in terms of water use, chemical processing, energy consumption, and waste. It often incorporates fabrics like organic cotton, recycled polyester, Tencel, and Merino wool. How do sustainable active wear brands ensure ethical labor practices? Reputable sustainable brands prioritize transparency in their supply chain. They often undergo regular audits, collaborate with Fair Trade-certified factories, and share details about their production processes and worker welfare programs. Why is organic cotton better for the environment? Organic cotton is grown without synthetic fertilizers or harmful pesticides, which can damage the ecosystem. It uses less water compared to conventional cotton and supports soil health through crop rotation and other organic farming methods. What are the benefits of wearing Merino wool for workouts? Merino wool is breathable, moisture-wicking, and has natural antimicrobial properties. This means it can resist odor, keeping you feeling fresh even after intense workouts. It’s also thermoregulating, keeping you warm in cold conditions and cool in warmer temperatures. What’s the difference between recycled polyester and regular polyester? Recycled polyester is derived from post-consumer materials, like plastic bottles or old garments, thereby reducing waste in landfills. Regular polyester, on the other hand, is made from petroleum-based chemicals. Both offer durability, but recycled polyester has a lower environmental footprint. Why should I consider sustainable active wear over cheaper alternatives? While sustainable active wear might come with a higher price tag, it offers value in the form of environmental protection, ethical labor practices, and often, better quality and durability. Over time, the benefits to the planet and the longevity of the products can offset the initial cost. Are sustainable active wear brands inclusive in sizing? Many sustainable active wear brands are prioritizing inclusivity, offering a wide range of sizes to cater to diverse body types. However, it’s always good to check with individual brands about their sizing range. Check out these brands that carry size inclusive clothing. How can I verify the sustainability claims of an active wear brand? Look for certifications like the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), Fair Trade, or Oeko-Tex Standard 100. Brands that are transparent about their sourcing, production processes, and labor practices are more likely to be genuine about their sustainability claims. Do sustainable fabrics compromise on performance? Not at all! In fact, many sustainable fabrics, like Merino wool or Tencel, offer superior moisture-wicking, breathability, and comfort. They are designed to withstand rigorous activities, making them perfect for fitness enthusiasts. Where can I find sustainable active wear brands? With the growing demand for eco-friendly products, many online and brick-and-mortar stores now stock sustainable active wear brands. It’s always good to research and find brands that align with your values and needs. Remember, when it comes to sustainable and ethical active wear everywhere, it’s about making informed choices. Whether you’re a seasoned athlete or just starting on your fitness journey, what you wear can make a positive impact on both your workout and the world. Your Green Compass: Deciphering the True Colors of Organic Cotton Brands Navigating the verdant maze of sustainable clothing can be as intricate as deciphering a woven tapestry. Every brand seems to flaunt their commitment to Mother Earth, parading certifications, and green labels, but how many genuinely live up to their claims? As consumers, it’s our duty — and privilege — to cut through the noise and recognize authentic, sustainable efforts. Understanding Labels and Certifications: But not all labels are made equal. Dive deep into understanding the prerequisites for these certifications. For instance, GOTS ensures not just organic cultivation but also responsible dyeing, manufacturing, and labor practices. Transparency is Key: Authenticity thrives in transparency. A genuine sustainable brand doesn’t shy away from revealing its supply chain, production process, or even the wages of its workers. From farm to factory to fashion runway, every step should be disclosed and accounted for. Just because they aren’t displaying it doesn’t necessarily mean they are hiding anything form you though so make sure to shoot them an email and ask those questions directly if you’re unsure. While organic cotton is a staple of sustainable fashion, it’s essential to consider other eco-friendly materials too. Hemp, Tencel, Merino Wool, and Lyocell have made significant inroads in sustainable fashion, given their minimal environmental impact. When a brand diversifies its fabric use, it showcases a holistic commitment to sustainability. Reviews and Testimonials: Often, the experiences of other consumers provide an unbiased lens into the true ethics of a brand. Do their products stand the test of time? Is the comfort as advertised? Scour reviews, blogs, and forums for honest feedback. Sustainability Beyond the Product: A truly sustainable brand’s commitment doesn’t end at the product. What about the packaging? Is it biodegradable or made from recycled materials? Does the brand support any environmental initiatives or charitable causes? Sustainability, in its true essence, is holistic. Price vs. Value: While sustainable clothing might often come with a heftier price tag, it’s imperative to weigh the cost against the value offered. Remember, with each purchase, you’re not just buying a garment but investing in ethical labor practices, reduced environmental impact, and long-lasting quality. In this age of conscious consumerism, your wardrobe choices can echo your values. But it’s crucial to arm oneself with knowledge, to be an advocate for the planet with every garment chosen, ensuring that behind every chic ensemble is a story of respect, integrity, and genuine commitment to a greener tomorrow. An Eco-Tapestry Beyond Cotton: The Unsung Heroes of Sustainable Fabrics Stepping beyond the well-trodden paths of organic cotton, the sustainable fabric universe unfolds like a vast, mesmerizing tapestry. Each weave and thread in this eco-blanket has a unique tale, where human creativity meets nature’s inexhaustible gifts. Let’s embark on a journey to discover some of these unsung heroes, each holding the promise of a more harmonious tomorrow. Known for its unparalleled softness and thermoregulation properties, Merino Wool is a sustainable luxury. Not only does it provide warmth without bulk, but its natural properties also make it odor-resistant and moisture-wicking. Unlike conventional wool, Merino is gentle on the skin, devoid of that notorious itch. Plus, the sheep are often raised in a free-range environment, emphasizing animal welfare. Brand to look at here would be: With a wide assortment of clothing from loungewear to active wear, i’m most impressed by their active shirts and underwear. This Merino is absolutely wonderful, and if you’re hiking, biking, running, or even lifting at the gym this is the brand you NEED to try. An ancient fabric, hemp is making a significant comeback in the sustainable fashion realm. With its deep roots preventing soil erosion and its minimal need for pesticides and water, hemp is a genuine eco-warrior. The resultant fabric is durable, breathable, and only gets softer with every wash, promising longevity. Brand to look at here would be: Ever since i started working in ecommerce and spending moretime with eco friendly active wear brands Jungmaven stood out to me as the go to Hemp clothing brand. I wear their basics to workout in, and i love them because they are super durable for those aggressive workouts, pick up soccer, or even rock climbing and bouldering. Born from the pulp of trees, Tencel or Lyocell is a biodegradable fabric known for its silky smoothness and moisture management. Produced in a closed-loop process, it ensures almost all solvents used are recycled, leading to reduced waste and harmful emissions. Brand to look at here would be: An innovative twist to a common synthetic fabric, recycled polyester is spun from used plastic bottles, giving them a second lease of life. This ingenious solution reduces landfill waste, conserves energy, and cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions, while offering the same durability and strength as its virgin counterpart. Brand to look at here would be: Often sourced from discarded fishing nets and industrial nylon waste, recycled nylon is a testament to circular fashion. Instead of letting these materials litter our oceans and landscapes, they’re reborn as high-quality, resilient fabrics ideal for athletic wear and swimwear. Brand to look at here would be: This rapidly renewable resource converts into a soft, breathable fabric that boasts natural antibacterial properties. Bamboo cultivation requires no pesticides, and its robust growth reduces soil erosion. The resultant fabric offers both luxury and performance, ideal for those with sensitive skin. In a world where fashion’s environmental footprint grows more alarming, these innovative fabrics serve as beacons of hope. They challenge the norms, proving that style, comfort, and sustainability can coexist. Each thread, each weave, is a silent pledge to our planet, an affirmation that we can don nature’s cloak without stripping her bare. Brand to look at here would be: The Fitness Wardrobe Renaissance: An Ode to Conscious Choices Not so long ago, active wear was purely about performance, elasticity, and moisture-wicking abilities. While these attributes still hold importance, there’s a new player in town: conscience. The fashion industry, once notorious for its environmental blindspots, has turned a new leaf, and the realm of active wear is no exception. This evolution is not merely about incorporating recycled materials or opting for organic dyes, although these are commendable strides. At its core, the fitness wardrobe renaissance represents a deep-rooted shift in values, priorities, and perceptions. It’s about recognizing that the cloth that grazes our sweat-drenched skin after an intense workout can be both a symbol of our personal strength and our commitment to planetary health. Sustainable active wear has breathed new life into the narrative of fitness. It tells us that while we sculpt, tone, and rejuvenate our bodies, we can also support the Earth’s well-being. Each pair of leggings made from recycled polyester or sports bra crafted from organic cotton becomes a testament to this dual purpose. Every time we wear these pieces, we’re not just preparing for a run or a yoga session; we’re aligning with a movement, a revolution of conscious choices. The ripples of this renaissance touch far-reaching shores. They impact the farmers who grow organic cotton without the toxic burden of pesticides, the workers in factories that prioritize fair wages and safe conditions, and the ecosystems spared from the harmful aftermath of synthetic waste. Our fitness journeys are now intertwined with a larger purpose. They’re not just about personal milestones or the euphoria post an intense workout. They’re about understanding that every drop of sweat can be an echo of a sustainable choice, a nod to a world where fitness and eco-consciousness dance in seamless harmony.

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In today’s fast-paced urban and suburban environments, finding a space for a patch of green amidst the concrete jungle isn’t just a leisurely pursuit, but an essential endeavor for the well-being of both humans and the environment. Gardening offers numerous physical, mental, and ecological benefits, playing a crucial role in uplifting communities, purifying the air, reducing stress, and contributing to the sustenance of our beautiful planet. However, it’s no secret that small-space gardening can present its own set of unique challenges, often leaving city dwellers and suburbanites feeling overwhelmed and hesitant to take on the noble task of nurturing a home garden. This is where creative problem-solving becomes an indispensable asset for anyone aspiring to cultivate even the tiniest of garden spaces. The aim and focus of this article is to share actionable, innovative, and space-saving techniques that allow garden enthusiasts to maximize their limited outdoor (or even indoor) areas, thus turning the seemingly impossible goal of small-space gardening into an attainable and thriving reality. Assessing and planning your garden space A flourishing garden is a perfect blend of creativity, foresight, and planning. If you aspire to cultivate your own green haven, the first crucial step is to assess and plan your garden space appropriately. This process involves evaluating the available space, determining sun exposure and microclimate, and setting gardening goals and objectives. This comprehensive guide will take you through these essential aspects of planning a garden that you can take pride in nurturing. Evaluating the Available Space Analyzing the Larger Area: - Begin by examining the extent of the area available for gardening. - Measure dimensions of the area to get an accurate understanding of the space. - Consider factors such as walkways, patios, porches, and fences. Identify Existing Features: - Take note of existing landscape elements, such as trees, shrubs, or water features. - Assess their impact on potential garden development. - Decide whether to incorporate or remove these elements from your garden design. - Collect soil samples and test them for pH levels, texture, and fertility. - Amend the soil if necessary, following relevant guidelines. - Examine the area for potential drainage problems. - Plan for proper drainage and water management to ensure plant health and minimal wastage. Determining Sun Exposure and Microclimate Tracking Sun Exposure: - Observe the sunlight pattern in your garden space throughout the day. - Record the duration of sun exposure at different spots to map out the sunniest and shadiest areas. - Identify the various microclimates in your garden area based on factors like sun, shade, wind exposure, and soil moisture. - Microclimates can affect plant growth, health, and selection, making this information valuable when planning your garden. Choosing Plants According to Sun and Microclimate: - Research and select plants that are suitable for the sun exposure and microclimates of your garden space. - Group plants with similar light and microclimate requirements together for efficient gardening practices. Setting Gardening Goals and Objectives Defining Your Garden’s Purpose: - Determine the function you want your garden to serve, be it relaxation, entertainment, vegetable production, or a combination of these. - This will help tailor your design choices and plant selections to fulfill specific goals. Focusing on Aesthetics: - Create a visual theme based on preferred colors, textures, and plant shapes. - Draft a rough sketch or use a gardening app to visualize the overall layout. - Consider incorporating focal points, such as water features, statues, or even a specific plant specimen. Sustainability and Environment-Friendly Practices: - Prioritize sustainable and eco-friendly gardening practices, like organic methods and native plant selections. - Assess opportunities for water conservation, composting, and wildlife habitat creation. Budgeting and Resource Allocation: - Establish a realistic budget for your garden project. - Gauge your budget against your gardening goals and objectives, ensuring they are complementary. - Allocate resources, including time, money, and expertise, in accordance with the scale of the project. Maximizing Garden Space Through Design One of the most challenging aspects of gardening is finding ways to make the most of the available space. Whether you have a small backyard or a tiny balcony, a well-designed garden can turn any limited area into a thriving and beautiful oasis. In this section, we will explore various strategies to optimize your garden space through thoughtful design, including vertical gardening, container gardening, and the use of raised beds and square foot gardening techniques. Vertical gardening is an innovative approach to make the most of your garden’s vertical space, making it an ideal solution for small yards, patios, or balconies. This method involves growing plants on vertical structures like walls, trellises, and tiered plant stands, allowing you to fit more plants into a limited area. Here are some great ideas for incorporating vertical gardening into your garden design: Climbing plants and trellises: Grow climbing plants, such as ivy, clematis, and climbing roses, on trellises to add height and depth to your garden. Trellises are available in various sizes, materials, and designs, ensuring they can blend seamlessly into any garden setting. Wall-mounted planters: Hang planters on walls or fences to maximize vertical space. This is a great option for growing herbs, flowers, and even some vegetables, as long as you provide adequate sunlight and water. Tiered plant stands: Tiered plant stands are an excellent way to display multiple potted plants in a small area. They come in various materials, such as metal, wood, and plastic, to suit any garden style. If your garden space is limited or non-existent, container gardening is an excellent alternative to traditional gardening. Growing plants in containers allows you to control the growing environment, making it easier to ensure your plants receive the necessary nutrients, sunlight, and water. Here are some tips for optimizing space in container gardens: Choosing the right containers: Select pots and containers that provide adequate drainage and are large enough to accommodate your plants’ root systems. Various materials are available, including plastic, ceramic, and terracotta, each with its pros and cons. Consider your climate, plant preferences, and aesthetic when selecting the right containers for your garden. Container arrangements for space optimization: Get creative with your container placement to maximize your available space. Arrange pots in groupings at various heights, stack containers using plant stands, or even hang them from fences or walls. A well-designed container garden can make even the smallest of spaces feel lush and inviting. Raised Beds and Square Foot Gardening Raised beds and square foot gardening is another innovative approach to maximizing garden space. They bring numerous benefits, such as improved soil quality, better drainage, easier maintenance, and reduced weed growth. Here’s how to incorporate these techniques into your garden design: Building raised beds: Construct raised beds using materials such as lumber, bricks, or concrete blocks. Ensure the beds are deep enough to accommodate your plants’ root systems and wide enough to allow for proper spacing. The height and width of the beds can be tailored to your specific space and needs. Using square foot gardening techniques: Square foot gardening is a method of dividing your raised beds into 1-square-foot sections, planting different crops in each section. This method allows you to efficiently use your garden space and make it easier to practice crop rotation. Start by planning your square foot garden, allocating each section to specific plants, considering factors such as sunlight, companion planting, and plant size. Ensure proper spacing within each square to avoid overcrowding. By incorporating these design techniques into your garden; vertical gardening, container gardening, and raised beds with square foot gardening. You can maximize your available space and create a lush, thriving garden in even the smallest of areas. With careful planning and creativity, any limited space can be transformed into a beautiful and productive garden oasis. Selecting suitable plants for small-space gardening A crucial aspect of small-space gardening is selecting the right plants to maximize the use of limited space, while still being able to harvest a bountiful and speedy yield. This can be achieved by growing dwarf and compact varieties, selecting high-yielding and fast-growing crops, and considering plants that can be grown both vertically and horizontally. Growing dwarf and compact varieties Dwarf and compact varieties of plants are a perfect choice for small-space gardening since they require less space to grow while still producing an abundant yield. These varieties have been specifically bred to have a smaller size than their traditional counterparts but with comparable or even improved fruiting, flowering, or productivity. Some examples of dwarf and compact plants include cherry tomatoes, dwarf fruit trees, small-scale berry bushes, and miniature greens such as spinach or arugula. These plants can be easily cultivated in containers, raised beds, or small in-ground plots, ensuring that you can maximize your garden’s space without sacrificing your harvest. Choosing high-yielding and fast-growing crops To get the most out of your small-space garden, selecting high-yielding and fast-growing crops is a must. These plants will provide you with an abundant harvest in a relatively short period, thus ensuring that you make the most of your limited space. When selecting plants for your garden, look for those that have a high yield per plant or per square foot. Some popular high-yielding and fast-growing plant options include zucchini, beans, peas, radishes, and leafy greens such as lettuce or kale. Additionally, consider incorporating succession planting – planting new crops immediately after harvesting the previous ones – into your gardening routine in order to further maximize the productivity of your garden. Considering plants that can be grown both vertically and horizontally Another effective way to maximize the use of space in your garden is to consider plants that can be grown both vertically and horizontally. Vertically grown plants, such as vining varieties or those that can be trained to climb supports or trellises, can help you make the most of your garden’s vertical space. Examples of vertically growing plants include pole beans, runner beans, peas, cucumbers, tomatoes, and some varieties of squash. At the same time, consider incorporating horizontally growing plants that can be trained to spread across your garden, such as strawberries or ground-hugging vegetables like squash and melons. Providing support for vertical growers and properly spacing horizontal growers will help ensure that they receive adequate light, air circulation, and nutrients, resulting in healthier plants and a more abundant harvest. Intercropping and Companion Planting Intercropping and companion planting refer to the agricultural practice of growing two or more different types of plants together in close proximity. This method is often used to maximize the use of space, improve pollination, and increase crop productivity. In addition, intercropping and companion planting can help reduce the risk of pests and diseases, improve soil fertility, and enhance the overall health of the garden ecosystem. In this section, we will explore the benefits of intercropping and companion planting, provide some examples of successful plant combinations, and offer tips for implementing intercropping in small gardens. Benefits of Intercropping and Companion Planting Pest Control: Intercropping and companion planting can help minimize pest problems by creating a diverse environment that attracts beneficial insects, which can keep the population of harmful insects under control. Additionally, certain plant combinations can confuse or deter pests, making it more difficult for them to find their preferred host plants. Disease Resistance: A diverse garden can decrease the risk of disease outbreaks since pathogens are less likely to spread rapidly in a mixed environment. Intercropping and companion planting can also protect plants from windborne spores, reducing the risk of diseases such as blight and mildew. Soil Fertility: Some plants can help improve soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere, which is then made available to other plants in the garden. Intercropping with nitrogen-fixing plants, such as legumes, can enhance soil fertility and reduce the need for artificial fertilizers. Improved Pollination: Planting a diverse range of crops can attract a variety of pollinators, increasing pollination rates and resulting in higher yields. Some plants can also enhance the flavor or aroma of nearby plants, making them more attractive to pollinators. Resource Efficiency: Intercropping and companion planting allow gardeners to make the most of limited resources, such as water and sunlight, by carefully selecting plants with complementary growth habits and resource requirements. For example, planting a tall crop, like corn, alongside a low-growing, shade-tolerant crop, like lettuce, can maximize sunlight utilization. Examples of Successful Plant Combinations The Three Sisters: A classic example of intercropping, this combination consists of corn, beans, and squash planted together. The corn provides support for the beans to climb, the beans fix nitrogen in the soil for the corn, and the squash serves as a living mulch that helps conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Tomato and Basil: Basil can help deter pests like aphids and whiteflies, which are attracted to tomato plants. Additionally, some gardeners believe that the aroma of basil can improve the flavor of tomatoes when planted nearby. Carrots and Onions: The strong scent of onions can help mask the smell of carrots, which can deter carrot flies from laying their eggs near the plants. In return, the carrot’s feathery foliage can help suppress weeds around the onion plants, reducing the need for weeding. Cabbage and Chamomile: Chamomile can attract beneficial insects, such as lacewings and ladybugs, that help control pests of cabbage, like aphids and cabbage worms. Additionally, chamomile is believed to improve the flavor of cabbage when grown together. Tips for Implementing Intercropping in Small Gardens Research Compatible Plants: Before starting an intercropping project, it is essential to understand the growth habits, resource requirements, and pest profiles of the plants you intend to grow together. Choose plants that have complementary traits and can grow harmoniously in the same space. Optimize Space: In small gardens, space efficiency is crucial. Use vertical elements, such as trellises, to grow climbing plants alongside ground-hugging plants, allowing them to share the same area. Rotate Crops: For large-scale intercropping, rotate the location of plant groups every year to prevent the build-up of pests and diseases and maintain soil fertility. Observe and Adapt: Monitor the progress of your intercropping efforts and make adjustments as needed. Some plant combinations may not work as expected, so be prepared to experiment and learn from your experiences. Efficient Use of Resources in Small-Space Gardening Gardening in small spaces poses challenges for any gardener, especially in terms of efficient use of resources. As urbanization and population growth continue to place a premium on space, it becomes increasingly essential for gardening enthusiasts to maximize their small areas effectively. Thus, this section delves into innovative ways of conserving resources and enhancing productivity in a small-space garden, by focusing on water-saving techniques, soil and compost management, and issues of pest control and pollination. Water is an essential resource for any garden, especially in an age of climate change and sustainability concerns. In small-space gardening, conserving water becomes even more critical. Implementing these water-saving techniques will ensure the plants stay hydrated, without causing a strain on the environment. Drip Irrigation: A drip irrigation system delivers water directly to the base of the plant, promoting deep root growth and preventing the evaporation of water on the surface. This method is particularly useful in small-space gardens, where plants are often closely spaced and require precise watering. A well-designed drip irrigation system will not only save water but also reduce your gardening workload by automating the watering process. Rainwater Harvesting: Another excellent water-saving technique for small-space gardening is rainwater harvesting. This method involves capturing rainwater off your roof or another collection surface and storing it in barrels or tanks for later use. Rainwater can then be utilized to water plants, reducing reliance on municipal water supplies or groundwater systems. In addition to being environmentally friendly, rainwater contains fewer chemicals than treated water, thereby providing a healthier alternative for your garden. Soil and Compost Management In small-space gardening, it is particularly important to ensure that plants receive proper nutrition and have access to a healthy growing medium. By improving soil structure and incorporating compost, gardeners can boost soil fertility and plant growth. Improving Soil Structure: The first step in enhancing your garden’s soil is to analyze its structure and amend accordingly. If the soil is too heavy or clay-like, adding organic matter (such as compost) will improve drainage and aeration. Conversely, if the soil is too sandy, adding organic matter will help to retain moisture and nutrients, ultimately providing a better growing environment for your plants. Vermicomposting in Small Spaces: Although traditional composting methods may be challenging to implement in confined areas, vermicomposting—using worms to break down organic matter—provides an ideal solution. Setting up a small worm bin is a simple process, and the resulting vermicompost offers an incredibly rich, nutrient-dense fertilizer for your plants. Furthermore, vermicomposting produces little to no odor, making it suitable for urban settings or indoor gardening spaces. Pest Control and Pollination Maintaining a balance between pest control and pollination is crucial for prosperous small-space gardening. Through the use of organic pest control methods and the attraction of beneficial insects, gardeners can ensure a healthy, productive environment for their plants. Organic Methods for Pest Control: Reducing the use of chemical pesticides and herbicides is vital for maintaining a healthy and sustainable garden. Some effective organic pest control practices include introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings; using barriers and traps, such as copper tape or yellow sticky sheets; and employing botanical or biological insecticides, which break down quickly and pose less harm to the environment. Attracting Beneficial Insects and Pollinators: In addition to controlling pests, supporting pollination in small-space gardens is crucial for optimal plant growth and fruit production. By planting a diverse range of flowering plants, particularly those that bloom at various times throughout the year, gardeners can provide a continuous food source for pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Furthermore, incorporating plants that attract predatory insects, such as hoverflies or parasitic wasps, will help control pests while encouraging a thriving, balanced ecosystem. Making use of alternative garden spaces In modern urban living, where the availability of outdoor space might be limited, making use of alternative garden spaces is an excellent way to enjoy the numerous benefits of gardening. Whether you lack a traditional garden or are looking for innovative ways to expand your green thumb, alternative garden spaces, such as community gardens, rooftop gardens, and balcony gardens, offer fantastic opportunities to grow plants and connect with others who share your passion for gardening. Let’s explore these unique spaces in more detail. Community gardens are public spaces designated for gardening and maintained by a group of individuals who collaborate to grow fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flowers. These shared spaces provide numerous advantages for both novice and experienced gardeners. Participants have the opportunity to learn from one another, exchange ideas and knowledge, establish friendships, and cultivate a sense of community. Additionally, community gardens promote environmental awareness, support local food systems, and can revitalize underutilized urban spaces, transforming them into vibrant green areas that benefit the entire neighborhood. To make the most of community gardens, consider joining one in your local area or working with others to start a new garden if one doesn’t already exist. You may need to communicate with local authorities or organizations to secure permission and find an appropriate site. Once a garden is established, organize regular meetings with fellow gardeners to ensure effective planning, resource sharing, and consistently maintaining garden plots. Rooftop gardens are an innovative way to repurpose unused urban space and can convert dull, barren rooftops into lush, green oases. These gardens often showcase a rich variety of plant species, from decorative flowers to hardy vegetables, and can help reduce energy costs, regulate indoor temperatures, and enhance air quality. Roof gardens also provide excellent opportunities to grow plants that might require more sunlight than a traditional garden, as their elevated positions grant them access to direct sunlight for longer periods. To create a successful rooftop garden, it is essential to consider structural safety and ensure the building can support the combined weight of plants, growing mediums, and additional equipment. It may be necessary to consult with a professional architect, engineer, or rooftop garden specialist to plan accordingly. Choose lightweight materials for plant containers and select hardy, low-maintenance plants suitable for rooftop environments. Regular checks on the rooftop garden will also help to identify and treat potential issues, such as pest infestations or drainage issues, swiftly. For those with limited outdoor space, balcony gardens offer a fantastic opportunity to indulge in gardening and make the most of available outdoor areas. These small but resourceful spaces present excellent opportunities to grow a selection of edible and ornamental plants in pots or vertical planting systems. The key to a thriving balcony garden is creating a microenvironment that maximizes the available space, light, and weather conditions. To create an inviting and productive balcony garden, select suitable containers and plants that can thrive in the specific conditions of your balcony. Lightweight pots, hanging planters, trellises, and vertical installations are some of the creative ways to maximize space and grow a diverse range of plants. Pay close attention to the specific care requirements for each plant, such as watering, fertilizing, and pruning, to maintain their health and overall appearance. Moreover, by incorporating seating areas or relaxation corners, a balcony garden can serve as a tranquil refuge from the hustle and bustle of city life. Success stories and case studies A captivating way to understand the potential of small-space gardens is by exploring successful tales and case studies from different parts of the world. These inspiring examples not only showcase innovative designs and unique solutions but also provide valuable lessons and best practices that can be emulated by others. Inspiring small-space gardens from around the world The rooftop garden in New York City: A perfect example of utilizing available space is the rooftop garden found in the bustling urban environment of New York City. These gardens are not only visually appealing but also provide an ecological sanctuary for plants, birds, and insects. They also offer a meditative escape from the city’s hustle and bustle for the residents. The vertical garden in Singapore: Singapore, often called the garden city, has embraced the idea of vertical gardens wholeheartedly. These gardens make use of small spaces in high-rise buildings while promoting biodiversity and greening the urban environment. The Oasia Hotel in Singapore, for instance, features a stunning 27-story living green facade, serving as a vertical garden that houses a diverse range of plant species. The pocket park in London: The phenomenon of pocket parks, which are tiny public urban spaces, is gaining popularity globally. A great example of this is the ‘skip garden’ in London, where reclaimed skips were turned into thriving, portable gardens filled with vegetables, herbs, and flowers. This garden not only provides a much-needed green space for the community but also teaches children about the importance of growing food and sustainable gardening practices. Lessons learned and best practices Think vertically: One important lesson learned from various small-space gardens is the innovative use of vertical space. This can be achieved through vertical planters, trellises, wall-mounted plant pots, or even by suspending plants from ceilings or balcony railings. Vertical gardening is an effective way to maximize space, especially in modest urban environments. Plant selection is crucial: In small gardens, it is essential to be mindful of the types of plants chosen as some can have aggressive root systems or grow too large for the limited space available. Opt for plants that are well suited for smaller spaces, such as dwarf varieties, compact shrubs, and plants with shallow root systems. Multi-functional garden elements: While designing a small-space garden, it is essential to make the most of every inch. Incorporating multi-functional elements, such as a bench that doubles as a planter or an attractive trellis that provides privacy while supporting climbing plants, enables a garden to be both practical and aesthetically pleasing. Prioritize sustainability: Small-space gardens should aim to be environmentally friendly by promoting biodiversity, reducing waste, and conserving resources. Practices like composting, using recycled materials, and selecting plants that attract pollinators can contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly garden. Adapt and be flexible: Understand that gardens are ever-evolving, and it is essential to continually adapt and make changes as required. A small-space gardener may need to re-evaluate their plant choices, experiment with different solutions, or modify their gardening habits to suit their space constraints or changing needs. In conclusion, small-space gardening is an innovative and practical way for individuals to make use of every inch of their limited garden space. Throughout this article, we have explored several creative techniques that have proven to be effective in maximizing garden space. Vertical gardening, efficient use of space with square foot gardening, growing in containers, using hanging baskets and pots, as well as interplanting and succession planting are all excellent ways to get the most out of your small garden area designed to improve both its aesthetic appeal and overall functionality. While these techniques are a great starting point, remember that the true potential of your garden relies on your willingness to experiment and adapt these strategies to your unique situation. Your small garden may present its own challenges, but that is the perfect opportunity for you to get creative and discover new techniques in order to make the most of it. As you continue to grow and learn as a gardener, you will find even more ways to maximize your garden space, which ultimately contributes not only to your individual satisfaction but also to the environmental sustainability and ecological balance of our world. In short, do not be discouraged by the limitations of your garden space; instead, embrace these challenges and use them as motivation to explore a world of possibilities. Your small-space garden has the potential to be a beautiful, flourishing, and productive environment; all it takes is a little bit of creativity, the right techniques, and a willingness to adapt and try new things. So, start maximizing your garden space today and watch it thrive! FAQs – Creative Techniques for Small-Space Gardening 1. What are some effective small-space gardening techniques to maximize my limited garden area? To maximize garden space, consider vertical gardening, container gardening, combining plants with different growth habits and utilizing every inch of your outdoor space by planting in gaps or edges. Using dwarf or compact plant varieties and employing the square foot gardening technique can also be highly effective in small-space gardening. 2. How can I create a vertical garden to maximize space in my small garden area? You can create a vertical garden by using wall-mounted planters, installing shelves, designing a trellis or arbor, or repurposing a pallet to hold containers. Utilize climbing plants like vines, clematis or ivy, and choose compact or trailing plants that adapt well to vertical growth. 3. Are there any space-saving techniques for growing vegetables in small gardens? Yes, try incorporating dwarf or compact plant varieties, intercropping (planting smaller, faster-growing vegetables between larger ones), and using vertical gardening techniques, such as trellises, cages, and stakes for plants like tomatoes, beans, and cucumbers. 4. Can I utilize containers for small-space gardening, and how can I choose the right type and size? Containers are perfect for small-space gardening, as they are versatile and easy to move. Choose a container with adequate drainage and the appropriate size for your plant’s root system. Materials such as plastic, terracotta, and wood are suitable, with each having its pros and cons regarding insulation, weight, and durability. 5. How can I implement square foot gardening to maximize my garden’s productivity and efficiency? Square foot gardening involves dividing your garden into square-foot sections, allowing for more efficient use of space and easier management. Begin by constructing or marking off your grid, then plan your plant placement, using suitable companions and spacing guidelines. Plant densely and maintain good organic soil to ensure healthy plant growth. 6. What are some examples of plants that work well in small garden spaces? Compact or dwarf varieties of plants, such as cherry tomatoes, bush beans, and compact herbs, are ideal for small spaces. Flowers like marigolds and pansies, and leafy greens like lettuce and spinach, also work well in limited garden areas. 7. How can companion planting help me maximize space in my small garden? Companion planting involves growing plants that benefit each other or save space by utilizing different growth habits, like plants with shallow or deep roots. This technique allows you to grow more plants together while also improving soil health, pest control, and pollination. 8. Can I grow fruit trees in a small garden, and what are the best options? Yes, look for dwarf or semi-dwarf fruit tree varieties that take up less space and are easier to maintain, such as columnar apple trees, dwarf peach trees, and compact fig trees. You can also grow fruit trees in large containers or train them in espalier forms. 9. How can I use succession planting to make the most of my limited garden space throughout the growing season? Succession planting means sowing or transplanting crops in intervals, so when one crop is finished, another is ready to take its place. This maximizes productivity in a small garden, ensuring continuous harvests. To practice this, choose plants with quick maturation times and sow new seeds or transplants at regular intervals. 10. Any advice on maintaining a small-space garden to ensure its productivity and aesthetics? Regularly inspect and treat pests and diseases early, practice good watering and fertilization habits, and keep your garden clean by removing dead leaves and debris. Regular pruning and deadheading will promote healthy growth while keeping your garden neat and attractive. Additionally, rotate crops each season to prevent soil depletion and pests.

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Get Perfect Beats: Part 2 – Recording Acoustic Drums Last time we looked at getting perfect electronic beats together. Now it’s time to get out-of-the-box and record and mix acoustic drums. Huw Price has the mics… For the longest time, all drums were acoustic – because that was the only option. Then drums became electronic – because that was the fashion. Eventually, samplers came […] Last time we looked at getting perfect electronic beats together. Now it’s time to get out-of-the-box and record and mix acoustic drums. Huw Price has the mics… For the longest time, all drums were acoustic – because that was the only option. Then drums became electronic – because that was the fashion. Eventually, samplers came along and enthusiastic programmers began grabbing acoustic drum sounds from other recordings and chopping-up and looping ‘real’ drum parts. The distinction between acoustic and electronic drums has been thoroughly mashed-up ever since and that derisory term ‘real drums’, so beloved of musical Luddites, has almost fallen out of use. For a while, musicians and programmers were content to spend countless hours trawling through the most obscure funk, reggae and soul records in shabby second-hand stores. The object was to find groove-tastic beats that were unrecognisable to all but the very few. Then, during the mid-1990s, something interesting happened: some big-name jungle and D&B producers who were very switched on to classic drum sounds decided it was preferable to commission their own drum recordings rather than live off scraps from old records and deal with the legalities of sample-clearance. Many tracks from that era feature world-famous drummers who had been engaged to jam along to click tracks. For funk and soul keep the room as dry as possible Although drum sample CDs covering every musical genre are now readily available, many of us still enjoy making our own samples and loops. You can work with pre-mixed drum tracks or start with multitrack drum recordings and mix your own. In this feature, we’ll be examining some of the tricks and techniques that can be used to record and mix drums for customised beats and signature sounds. On the Record If we want to create our own loops and beats, the first thing we have to do is record the drums. Budding sound engineers are often told that recording drums is hard, but this isn’t necessarily true. Although you can take a complex approach to drum recording, there are also very simple methods that can produce fantastic results. The way you choose to do it will depend on the type of sound you are chasing and the gear at your disposal. But before we get into recording techniques and microphone placement, let’s take a look at other factors that can influence the sound. Using microphones means that in addition to the sound of the drums, you will be recording the sound of the room. To an extent, this is unavoidable. For funk and soul sounds you may want to keep the drums as dry and free from ambience as possible. Many of the original recordings were made in specially constructed drum booths that were designed to minimise early reflections. Close-mic’ing was also the method of choice. Then again, plenty of classic break beats sound roomy. The opposite end of the sonic spectrum would be the ‘big’ drum sounds beloved of 1980s stadium rock bands. Many productions combined close drum mics with heavily compressed room mics in studios with massive live rooms. Setups tended to be complex and time-consuming. Unless you live in a mansion, it’s easier and more practical to get dry and intimate drum sounds when recording at home than big, ambient drums. If you want the latter and you can’t afford a studio with a large live room, consider recording on location in a village hall or somewhere similar. Recording in a living room with a carpeted floor will result in a drier sound. To minimise ambience further, draw curtains or close blinds to prevent sound from bouncing off windows. You might also drag in some mattresses to soak up high frequencies. You can lean them against the walls around the drum kit to stop hats and cymbals bouncing around. If you have any spare mic stands, try placing them a few feet apart and drape blankets or duvets over the top as makeshift gobos. Well-tuned drums sound bright and clear, but when they are carelessly tuned they can sound dull and lifeless. You may also get strong harmonic overtones that dominate the sound. Unfortunately, drummers can’t always be relied upon to tune their kits properly, and close microphones tend to expose sonic issues that may go unnoticed with ambient microphones. The only way to take control is to learn the rudiments of tuning yourself. Fortunately, drum keys are cheap and online video tutorials are easy to find. Set-up is key, whichever method you go for… Assuming you’ve created a suitable recording space and have an appropriate, well-tuned drum kit, it’s finally time to mic it up. Let’s examine the various ways to do this, starting with a simple mono setup. If you want your drum track to sound like a kit being played in a room, then there’s not much point in sticking a microphone on each individual component, stripping everything back and trying to piece it all back together again. You wouldn’t mic-up individual strings on an acoustic guitar or a grand piano, so there’s no overriding necessity to take that approach with drum kits. Walk around the drum kit as it’s being played and try to identify the areas where the sound is clear, powerful and well balanced. When you have identified a ‘sweet spot’, place a microphone right there and take a listen. You may get good results with the mic a few feet above the drummer’s head, or even set back behind the drummer. However, for a mono sound, most engineers place the microphone out in front of the drums, a few feet above the top of the kick drum. Like mono recording, the easiest stereo techniques stem from conceptualising the kit as a whole rather than a collection of individual parts. However, you do need to think outside-the-box regarding mic placement if you are to capture a balance that corresponds to the actual sound of the kit. Unfortunately, two microphones in conventional ‘overhead’ configurations – like spaced and coincident pairs – are unlikely to produce the desired results because the cymbals will dominate the toms and the kick drum. Whether you’re a novice recordist, a pro engineer who has become sick of putting up loads of drum mics that never make it to the final mix or you have only two microphones to play with, the Glyn Johns approach is the ideal solution. Glyn Johns stumbled across his trademark technique while recording John Bonham for Led Zeppelin’s first album. A condenser or ribbon mic is placed between the drummer’s shoulder and the ride cymbal and aimed across the drum kit towards the snare. A second (preferably matching) microphone is placed directly above the snare drum. You should use a cable to check that the distance from the centre of the snare drum to the capsule/ribbon is identical for both mics. One variation is to place the second mic in front of the kit, aimed towards the snare in the gap between the hi-hat and the first rack tom. Pan your overhead mics left and right until the snare just begins to lose focus, then toe the pan pots back in very slightly (they usually end up around 10 and 2 o’clock). Blend in a kick drum, mic panned dead-centre, and the result should be a sound that accurately represents the drummer’s natural balance. Most engineers will close-mic drums, even if they are uncertain whether or not the close mics will be used in the final drum mix. After all, there’s no reason why close-mic’ed drums can’t be combined with a mono mic or ‘Glyn Johns’ pair to add punch or enhance definition. Before we look at mic’ing individual drums, it’s worth being aware of some of the technical and practical issues. We suggest deciding on your kit mics/overheads configuration before placing any close microphones. The kit/overhead mics can then be moved around freely and left in the optimum position while the close microphones are set up. When using multiple microphones on a drum kit, it’s vital to ensure that all the signals are in-phase – or at least as close as they can be. Switch your desk or monitor controller to mono or simply pan everything dead-centre. Push up the two kit/overhead mics and flip the polarity of one channel using the phase button on your mixing desk or preamp. If the sound gets thinner, flip it back. But if it gets fatter, leave it flipped. For a more natural sound consider placing the overheads in front of or behind the drum kit, using a more conventional stereo microphone array such as spaced omnis or a near coincident pair. Starting with the kick, add just enough to the overheads so that the kick track is at about the same volume as the kick in the overheads. Flip the phase of the kick track and check out which setting sounds best. It’s sometimes hard to be entirely sure, but the process becomes quicker with practice. Mute the kick track and repeat this process, one at a time, with every other microphone. You will often find that the snare sounds fatter in combination with the overheads when the top snare mic’s polarity is flipped. If that’s the case, mute the overheads and check that the underside snare mic is still in-phase with the top mic. This is important to know because you might dive into compression and EQ to fatten up a snare sound when all that’s really wrong is a phase correction. Unless a lo-fi sound is required, dynamic microphones are seldom used. Condensers are the usual choice and ribbon microphones are becoming more popular. Small-capsule condensers provide fast transient response with plenty of detail, crisp stereo imaging and extended high-frequency content. Placing the overheads close to the cymbals will give better separation, but this may be at the expense of a recording that captures the sound of the kit as a whole Large-capsule condensers image less crisply, but they may sound smoother and more full-bodied. Ribbon mics sound fattest and smoothest of all. The majority will attenuate high frequencies, which is ideal if you’re recording trashy-sounding cymbals in a bright room. Fortunately, ribbons also respond well to equalisation when they need brightening up. Typically, a pair of microphones (matched if possible) is used in a stereo configuration. Spaced stereo is common, but make sure you measure the distance from the centre of the snare drum to each mic. They should both be at an identical distance from the snare if you want to minimise phase-shift. Coincident stereo techniques produce crisper and more sharply focused images than washy spaced pairs, but if the centre focus of the two mics is directed straight down, the snare drum will appear off-centre in the stereo image. The solution is to turn the microphone, or stereo pair, to centralise the snare drum. If you don’t, the stereo imaging will be vague and smeared when you add the close-mic’ed snare to the mix. Hand-held dynamic microphones designed for vocalists tend to have bass roll-off. This is done to overcome handling noise and proximity effect and, as such, they are unsuitable for recording bass drums. In fact, achieving an extended low-frequency response presents a challenge for any moving-coil microphone manufacturer and moving-coil mics for kick drum and bass are specialised items. These days, most are voiced for instant results in a rock sort of way – ie, lots of treble and bass with pre-scooped mids. Predictably enough, older designs are more likely to get you old-school kick sounds, but beware of vintage AKG D12s, D20s and so forth because AKG no longer supplies spare parts. Here an AKG D20 is placed inside the kick drum shell with a Red 5 RV15 tube mic out front. Some modern ribbon microphones, like Royers, are able to handle the high sound pressure levels (SPL) inside a bass drum, but you should check with the manufacturer before risking a ribbon mic. Most condenser microphones are capable of capturing very low bass frequencies, but not all can handle high SPLs. Attenuation pads sometimes help, but they won’t prevent capsule distortion. Although small-capsule condensers are rarely selected for bass and kick duties, many are ideally suited due to low proximity effect and very even low-frequency response. Switching to omni might extend a condenser mic’s low-frequency response, but spillage may become an issue. Engineers sometimes build ‘drum tunnels’ using packing blankets, duvets and whatever else might be available. Wrap them around the outside of the drum shell and use a stool or chair to extend the tunnel while sealing the edges with gaffer tape. This can dramatically reduce spillage, and the second microphone can be placed further away from the drum for deeper tone. If the front skin of a kick drum is left on, in the jazz style, it produces a boomy, more rounded sound with a discernible note. Some recordists favour placing one microphone actually inside the drum – moving it closer to the beater for a more attacking sound or further away or to the side for more tone and low end. You can also use two microphones in combination – maybe a moving-coil up-close for attack and a condenser set back to capture a little more natural tone. Try using a second bass drum with the front skin left on as a resonant drum. Place your close mic inside kick No1 and the second drum directly in front of the first with microphone No2 inside it. With two drums, the tunnel will be easier to construct and the blast from the first kick will set the second drum skin in motion. You can get your punch from drum No1 and your low end and tone from drum No2. The woofer from an old set of monitors (like an NS10) can be set up in a clamp next to the kick and used as a second dynamic mic. It will capture some serious lows, but since it’s not full-range, you’ll notice less phase-shift when you combine it with the close microphone. A PZM/boundary mic placed inside the drum is a funky, decent-sounding alternative. Nobody in their right mind would place their ear right next to a snare drum. The sound we associate with snare drums comes from listening, at a distance, to a combination of the top skin and the resonance of the metal wires beneath. However, to minimise spillage we are obliged to use close-mics, so to capture the full snare sound it’s common practice to use two mics placed top and bottom. All things being equal, the two signals will be out-of-phase. Check that the top mic is in-phase with the overheads then balance the volume of the top and bottom snare mics and reverse the phase of the bottom mic. They’re in-phase when tone is fattest. You may choose to record the top and bottom snare mics to separate channels to give yourself maximum scope for tone-shaping later. Other interesting techniques include placing a lavalier mic through the vent hole or on the side of the snare shell. Placing a condenser mic a few inches away from where the stick hits the hi-hat provides the most natural sound. If your mic supports it, try using some bass roll-off as well. Condenser microphones often have a fast and realistic transient response. While this means they’re technically good, spiky kick and snare transients aren’t necessarily desirable and they will require limiting somewhere in the production process. Many engineers are happy to use moving-coil mics, but small-capsule condensers provide extra fidelity. You could also try aligning the capsules of moving-coils with a condenser and taping the microphones’ bodies together to capture more of the snare’s natural tone. This works particularly well for drummers with a lighter touch, or those who use hot rods and brushes. Snare drums are naturally ringy. Sometimes a snare with a distinct tone works well, but a drier thud may be preferred. Drummers often use gel and dampening rings on the top skin, but you may achieve the required degree of deadening by sticking rolled-up kitchen paper to the skin with thin strips of gaffer tape. Other old-school techniques include draping a tea towel over the snare or the disco wallet trick. It may seem implausible, but placing a wallet on top of the snare drum can be a shortcut to authentic 70s snare sounds. An additional phase-inversed bottom dynamic mic can be used to pick up the ‘crack’ of the snare wires In the next part we’ll be looking at the mixing and mastering processes when it comes to producing acoustic drums in the final part of the series. Get the latest news, reviews and tutorials to your inbox.Subscribe

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Omega-3 fatty acids, a type of polyunsaturated fats, offer abundant health benefits. Notably, they support brain, skin, and heart health, reduce inflammation, and provide protection against various chronic conditions. While the body can synthesise most necessary fats from other fats or carbohydrates, this capability does not extend to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, obtaining these essential fats through dietary means becomes vital. Marine organisms, such as algae and phytoplankton, are natural producers of omega-3 fatty acids. When these organisms are consumed by fish, aquatic mammals, and crustaceans, the omega-3 fatty acids become part of the food chain. Consequently, when humans consume these fishes, they obtain omega-3 fatty acids as part of their diet. Therefore, one optimal approach to ensuring an ample intake of omega-3 is through incorporating fatty fish into the diet at least twice a week. For people who don’t consume significant amounts of fatty fish and/or are vegetarian or have altered dietary requirements, considering an omega-3 supplement is a practical option. Vegan fish oil alternatives and vegan DHA supplements are also cost-effective options for vegetarians and vegans facing difficulty meeting the recommended omega-3 levels through their usual dietary choices. Given the variety of omega-3 supplements on the market, this article will provide all the essential information about these supplements, helping you make informed choices. What is Omega 3? There are two primary fat types: saturated and unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats, found in nuts, seeds, oils, fatty fish, and avocados, are the healthier option. There are different types of unsaturated fats, including monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. Omega-3s belong to the class of polyunsaturated fats and offer more nutritional benefits compared to saturated fats. There are three major types of omega-3 fatty acids, each with unique benefits: ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) ALA is a type of omega-3 fatty acid derived from plant sources like oil, seeds, and nuts. The body can convert a small amount of dietary ALA into EPA and DHA. However, the conversion process produces only a minimal quantity of EPA and DHA, which may be insufficient to meet daily requirements. EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) EPA is basically marine omega-3, found in fish and fish oil. EPA aids in reducing blood triglyceride levels, preventing blood vessel clogging, and inhibiting platelet aggregation, which are the heart disease and stroke triggers. DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) It is also a marine omega-3 found in fish that plays a role in the development of the brain and eyes. It contributes to the strength and prevention of deterioration in brain function, learning, memory, and the efficient functioning of the visual system. It is also essential for cardiovascular health. What are Omega-3 Supplements? For people following a vegetarian or vegan diet, alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids are accessible. Plant-based options such as nuts, seeds, soy products, and specific green leafy vegetables can provide these essential nutrients. However, if incorporating enough omega-3-rich foods proves challenging, there are readily available omega-3 supplements in the market. Omega-3 supplements are dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids. These supplements, with varying concentrations of EPA and DHA, offer a convenient solution to ensure an adequate intake of these essential fatty acids. It can be particularly advantageous for people with specific dietary restrictions or preferences, such as: For Prenatal Health and Pregnancy Taking fish oil and other omega-3 supplements is considered safe during pregnancy. Adequate intake of omega-3s during this period serves as essential building blocks for the foetal brain and retina. These supplements are available in various forms, such as liquid, soft chews, and soft gels. However, it’s essential to ensure that the chosen brand of omega-3 supplements is both safe and of high quality. While cod liver oil is a good source of DHA, a type of omega-3 fatty acid, avoid it during pregnancy. It is due to the presence of a form of vitamin A in cod liver oil that may lead to congenital disabilities, especially if consumed in the first trimester. For Children and Teens Children diagnosed with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) may show lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Several small-scale studies show the potential of fish oil supplements as a treatment for ADHD. These studies suggest that such supplements enhance behaviour, diminish hyperactivity, and improve attention in children under the age of 12. However, further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of omega-3 supplements as a consistent and reliable treatment for ADHD. For Young Adults and Older Adults The risks of severe conditions like heart disease grow as you get older. Research indicates that individuals who incorporate fatty fish into their diet twice a week tend to have lower rates of heart disease. The consumption of fish oil, either through foods or supplements, resulted in a 32% reduction in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Benefits of Omega-3 Here are some health benefits of consuming omega-3 from foods and dietary supplements: Good for Heart The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends daily omega-3 supplements containing EPA and DHA for individuals with coronary heart disease or heart failure. While optimal dosages require further research, some studies suggest around 1,000 mg per day, with a higher dose of 4,000 mg daily for people with high triglycerides. Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in the body. It helps in lowering markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. As potent lipids, they contribute to reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, offering protection against chronic diseases like obesity, heart disease, and cancers. Improves Cognitive Function Omega-3s protect cell membranes, including those around brain cells, due to their antioxidants. This protective function potentially prevents Alzheimer’s disease and related complications. Additionally, omega-3s exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect on blood vessels in the brain, aiding in the prevention of cognitive decline. Manage Depression and Anxiety High doses of omega-3, ranging from 200–2,200 mg per day, may reduce depression and anxiety symptoms. Supplements with higher EPA content are more likely to be beneficial than those with higher DHA. However, some studies suggest too many omega-3 supplements have limited effect in preventing depression or anxiety symptoms. Supplementing with a minimum of 1.2 g of DHA daily can significantly reduce triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol. Also, replacing dietary saturated fats with omega-3 fatty acids contributes to lowering low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or “bad” cholesterol. Common Forms of Omega-3 Supplements Omega-3 supplements come in several forms, such as: Omega-3 oils are commonly available in the form of capsules or soft gels. Consumers prefer them due to their lack of fishy taste and ease of swallowing. These capsules typically have a soft gelatin layer, and many manufacturers include enteric coating. Enteric coating delays the capsule’s dissolution until it reaches the small intestine. Natural Fish Oil Natural fish oil, capsules or liquid form, comes from the tissue of oily fish. It is typically in the form of triglycerides, making it the closest thing to real fish. It contains omega-3s (EPA and DHA) ranging from 18–31%, though the specific amount varies among fish species. Familiar sources include salmon, sardines, herring, menhaden, and cod liver. Processed Fish Oil Processed fish oil undergoes purification and concentration. It removes contaminants like mercury and PCBs. Some oils contain up to 50–90% pure EPA and DHA. Processed fish oils, particularly in the form of ethyl esters, are affordable and widely used as capsules. However, the body less effectively absorbs them. Plus, they are more susceptible to oxidation and rancidity. Krill oil, derived from Antarctic krill, contains omega-3s in both triglyceride and phospholipid forms. Studies show that the absorption of omega-3 from the phospholipids in krill oil is comparable to, and sometimes even better than, fish oil. The small size and short lifespan of krill mean they accumulate fewer contaminants over their lifetime. Moreover, krill oil is notably resistant to oxidation due to the presence of the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin. Green-lipped Mussel Oil The green-lipped mussel, native to New Zealand, typically provides oil in the form of triglycerides and free fatty acids. Apart from the well-known EPA and DHA, it also contains trace amounts of eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA). It is a rare omega-3 fatty acid believed to be particularly effective at reducing inflammation. Opting for green-lipped mussel oil instead of fish oil is considered environmentally friendly. Mammalian omega-3 oil, derived from seal blubber, has natural triglycerides. Beyond containing EPA and DHA, it has relatively high levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), another omega-3 fatty acid. Notably, mammalian omega-3 oil is exceptionally low in omega-6 fatty acids. ALA, or alpha-linolenic acid, is the plant-based form of omega-3s. It is abundant in sources like flax seeds, chia seeds, and hemp seeds. While your body can convert ALA into EPA or DHA, this conversion process is not very efficient. Additionally, most plant oils tend to have higher levels of omega-6s compared to omega-3s. How Much and When Should You Take Omega3 Supplements? Consuming 2000–3000 mg of EPA and DHA combined per day is generally sufficient to meet the omega-3 needs of most adults. Fish oil capsules claim to have 1000 mg, making it sound like a hefty dose. However, that fish oil is only partially made up of omega-3s. Natural (non-concentrated) fish oils typically contain around 30% EPA and DHA combined. Therefore, a 1000 mg fish oil capsule would provide about 300 mg of EPA and DHA. Krill oil capsules, which are another source of omega-3s, may have even lower percentages. Concentrated omega-3 products provide higher levels of EPA and DHA per serving, making it possible to achieve recommended amounts with fewer capsules. Nonetheless, there are instances where, despite the concentrated formulation, meeting specific recommended doses may require the consumption of multiple pills. It’s important to note that individual needs may vary based on factors such as age, health conditions, and specific dietary patterns. Additionally, certain groups, such as pregnant women and those with medical conditions, may require higher levels of EPA and DHA. The choice of when to take omega-3 supplements often depends on personal preferences and the individual’s response to the supplements. If fishy aftertaste or breath is a concern, take the supplements with a meal or before bedtime. For personalised advice on omega-3 intake, consult with a healthcare professional who can consider individual health needs and circumstances. Choosing the Best Omega-3 Supplements Choosing the right Omega-3 supplement can be confusing with the countless options available in the market. Each person’s needs are unique, and finding a supplement that fits these needs is crucial in reaping the full benefits of Omega-3. Here’s a simple guide to help you make an informed decision: - Know Your Omega-3s: Understand the types of Omega-3s – ALA, EPA, and DHA. EPA and DHA are primarily found in fish and are crucial for heart, brain, and eye health. ALA is found in plant sources like flaxseeds and walnuts. Depending on your dietary habits and health goals, choose a supplement that offers the right type of Omega-3 for you. - Read the Label: Look closely at the label for the EPA and DHA content, not just the total amount of fish oil. It’s the amount of EPA and DHA that counts towards your daily Omega-3 intake. - Purity and Authenticity: Opt for supplements that are free from heavy metals and other contaminants. Reputable brands often have their products third-party tested and certified for purity and potency. - Form of Omega-3: Supplements come in various forms, including triglycerides, ethyl esters, and phospholipids. Triglycerides are the most natural form and are better absorbed by the body. - Sustainability: Consider the environmental impact of your Omega-3 supplements. Look for products sourced from sustainable fisheries or plants to ensure you’re making an eco-friendly choice. For those looking for a reliable place to find their Omega-3 supplements, the HealthifyMe store stands out. It offers a curated selection of supplements that are meticulously formulated to meet the consumers’ needs. Each product in the HealthifyMe store is chosen with a focus on purity, efficacy, and sustainability, ensuring that you get the best Omega-3 supplements tailored to support your health journey. By choosing your Omega-3 supplements from the HealthifyMe store, you can rest assured that you’re not just taking a step towards better health but also making a choice that’s informed, safe, and aligned with your wellness goals. Whether you’re looking to support your heart health, boost brain function, or improve overall well-being, the HealthifyMe store has got you covered with high-quality Omega-3 supplements. Who Should Avoid Omega-3 Supplements? The side effects of fish oil depend on various factors, including overall health, medication intake, and the presence of any health risks. Below are common side effects of Omega-3 supplements and groups of individuals who should exercise caution or avoid them. Allergies: People with fish or seafood allergies should avoid fish oil supplements. Bleeding Disorders: Taking omega-3s with anticoagulants or medications may increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, those using blood thinners, such as warfarin, should avoid overdosing on fish oil or other omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Medication Interactions: Omega-3 supplements may interact with certain medications. It’s essential to inform your doctor about all supplements and medications being taken to avoid potential interactions. Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Symptoms may manifest as nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, or vomiting. Adjusting the supplement dosage or taking fish oil with food can alleviate these symptoms in some cases. However, if issues persist, discontinuing the use of fish oil supplements may be necessary. Prostate Cancer: The relationship between fish oil and prostate cancer is a topic with mixed evidence. In a 2013 study involving 2,268 older men, there was an indication that fish oil might have a role in slowing the progression of prostate cancer. However, other research suggests a potential association between increased consumption of salted or smoked fish and a higher likelihood of developing prostate cancer. How to Include Omega-3 Supplements in Your Diet in the HealthifyMe Way While omega-3 supplements can be beneficial for many people, always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen. HealthifyMe’s nutritionists can offer tailored guidance on incorporating omega-3 supplements into your overall nutrition plan. With the advice of a qualified nutritionist, you can follow a personalised supplement plan that not only addresses your omega-3 needs but also aligns with your overall health and wellness goals. Starting on a journey to incorporate supplements into one’s diet and achieve weight loss goals is made seamless with HealthifyMe’s comprehensive health and fitness platform. Integrated with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and personalised nutrition counselling, HealthifyMe offers a holistic approach to lifestyle management. The HealthifyMe app is designed with consideration for a diverse age group, ensuring a simple yet sophisticated user interface. You can easily manage and track various aspects of your health, be it calorie counting or tracking your daily hydration. With daily and weekly insights, macro or micronutrient tracking, and a collection of healthy recipes, HealthifyMe plans to ensure a unique wellness journey with AI-based guidance and one-on-one consultation. Taking an omega-3 supplement daily is a great idea, especially because even if you are a non-vegetarian, the chances of you eating fatty fish daily and in quantities to meet your nutrient requirements are rare. HealthifyMe has a well-curated omega-3 supplement that you can consider taking. Speak to your nutritionist first to discuss your need for a supplement and the dosage. The Final Word Omega-3 fatty acids, with their numerous health benefits, assist in supporting overall well-being. Whether obtained through dietary sources like fatty fish or supplements in various forms, these essential fats contribute to brain, skin, and heart health, reduce inflammation, and provide protection against chronic conditions. While incorporating fatty fish into the diet is an optimal way to ensure an ample omega-3 intake, diverse supplement options cater to different preferences and dietary restrictions. It is essential to be mindful of supplement forms, concentrations, and potential interactions. Seeking personalised advice from HealthifyMe nutritionists can help make informed choices about omega-3 supplementation. When possible, aim to obtain your omega-3 fatty acids from whole foods rather than relying solely on supplements. Disclaimer: The purpose of this article is just to disperse knowledge and raise awareness. It does not intend to replace medical advice from professionals. For further information, please contact our certified nutritionists Here. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) Q: What are Omega-3 supplements, and why are they considered important for health? A: Omega-3 supplements are dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids. These supplements provide alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They support cardiovascular health, promote brain function, and have anti-inflammatory properties. Q: How do I choose the right Omega-3 supplement for my needs, considering the various options available? A: Speaking to nutritionists from a reputed wellness platform, like HealthifyMe, can help understand what dietary choices work best for an individual. These professionals can provide tailored advice, taking into account specific health goals, preferences, and any unique considerations. Q: Can Omega-3 supplements replace the need to consume fatty fish in my diet? A: No, you must aim to obtain your omega-3 fatty acids from whole foods rather than relying solely on supplements. While supplements offer a concentrated source of omega-3 fatty acids, they do not replicate all the nutritional benefits of fatty fish. Q: What are the potential benefits of taking Omega-3 supplements, and how soon can I expect to see results? A: For conditions like joint pain or arthritis, Omega-3 supplements may have anti-inflammatory effects. Regular intake may contribute to better memory and cognitive performance, but noticeable results may take time. Omega-3 supplements are not instant remedies, and results may be gradual. Q: Are there any side effects or risks associated with long-term use of Omega-3 supplements? A: There are potential interactions with certain medications, particularly anticoagulants. Those with fish or seafood allergies should also be cautious when using fish oil supplements. Q: Can Omega-3 supplements help with specific health conditions, such as heart disease or joint pain? A: Regular consumption of fatty fish or Omega-3 supplements may lower the risk of heart disease. It can help lower triglyceride levels, improve blood vessel function, and reduce inflammation. Q: What is the recommended dosage of Omega-3 supplements, and can it vary for different age groups? A: Consuming 2000–3000 mg of EPA and DHA combined per day is generally sufficient to meet the omega-3 needs of most adults. Yes, the recommended dosage may vary for different age groups. Pregnant women, children, and older adults often have specific requirements. Q: How can I incorporate Omega-3 supplements into my diet, and are there specific foods I should avoid when taking them? A: You can start by taking them with meals or before bedtime to minimise potential side effects like “fishy breath.” Also, limit the consumption of high-mercury fish. Additionally, avoid excessive intake of saturated and trans fats. Q: Are there any interactions between Omega-3 supplements and medications that I should be aware of? A: Omega-3s can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with certain anticoagulants or medications. If you are taking blood thinners like warfarin, it’s essential to be cautious. Q: Can I take Omega-3 supplements during pregnancy, and are there specific benefits for prenatal health? A: Yes, it’s generally safe to take Omega-3 supplements during pregnancy. Omega-3 fatty acids promote foetal brain and retina development. However, it’s essential to choose a safe and high-quality supplement.

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Receive KAIST news by email! Type your e-mail address here. by recently order by view order The 10th KINC Fusion Research Awardees The KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC) recognized three distinguished researchers whose convergence studies made significant impacts. The KINC presented the 10th KINC Fusion Research Awards during a ceremony that took place at KAIST’s main campus in Daejeon on May 19. This year’s ‘best’ convergence research award went to a joint research group led by Professor Hee Tak Kim from the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Professor Sang Ouk Kim from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Their research, featured in the December 27 issue of Advanced Materials as a front cover article last year, introduced the world’s first high-energy efficiency, membraneless, flowless, zinc-bromine battery. This study, in which research professor Gyoung Hwa Jeong, postdoctoral researcher Yearin Byun, and PhD candidate Ju-Hyuck Lee took part as co-lead authors, is deemed as an example of a best practice in convergence research in which two groups’ respective expertise in the fields of carbon materials and electrochemical analysis created a synergistic effect. Professor Bumjoon Kim from the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering was also recognized for having published the most interdisciplinary research papers on polymer electronics and nanomaterials at home and abroad. Professor Hee-Tae Jung, the Director of KINC and the host of the KINC Fusion Research Awards, said, “The KINC is happy to announce the 10th awardees in nano-fusion research this year. Since convergence is crucial for making revolutionary changes, the importance of convergence studies should be recognized. Our institute will spare no effort to create a research environment suitable for convergence studies, which will be crucial for making a significant difference.” The KINC was established in June 2006 under the KAIST Institute with the mission of facilitating convergence studies by tearing down boarders among departments and carrying out interdisciplinary joint research. Currently, the institute is comprised of approximately 90 professors from 13 departments. It aims to become a hub of university institutes for nano-fusion research. (END) What Fuels a “Domino Effect” in Cancer Drug Resistance? KAIST researchers have identified mechanisms that relay prior acquired resistance to the first-line chemotherapy to the second-line targeted therapy, fueling a “domino effect” in cancer drug resistance. Their study featured in the February 7 edition of Science Advances suggests a new strategy for improving the second-line setting of cancer treatment for patients who showed resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Resistance to cancer drugs is often managed in the clinic by chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Unlike chemotherapy that works by repressing fast-proliferating cells, targeted therapy blocks a single oncogenic pathway to halt tumor growth. In many cases, targeted therapy is engaged as a maintenance therapy or employed in the second-line after front-line chemotherapy. A team of researchers led by Professor Yoosik Kim from the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) has discovered an unexpected resistance signature that occurs between chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The team further identified a set of integrated mechanisms that promotes this kind of sequential therapy resistance. “There have been multiple clinical accounts reflecting that targeted therapies tend to be least successful in patients who have exhausted all standard treatments,” said the first author of the paper Mark Borris D. Aldonza. He continued, “These accounts ignited our hypothesis that failed responses to some chemotherapies might speed up the evolution of resistance to other drugs, particularly those with specific targets.” Aldonza and his colleagues extracted large amounts of drug-resistance information from the open-source database the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), which contains thousands of drug response data entries from various human cancer cell lines. Their big data analysis revealed that cancer cell lines resistant to chemotherapies classified as anti-mitotic drugs (AMDs), toxins that inhibit overacting cell division, are also resistant to a class of targeted therapies called epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In all of the cancer types analyzed, more than 84 percent of those resistant to AMDs, representatively ‘paclitaxel’, were also resistant to at least nine EGFR-TKIs. In lung, pancreatic, and breast cancers where paclitaxel is often used as a first-line, standard-of-care regimen, greater than 92 percent showed resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Professor Kim said, “It is surprising to see that such collateral resistance can occur specifically between two chemically different classes of drugs.” To figure out how failed responses to paclitaxel leads to resistance to EGFR-TKIs, the team validated co-resistance signatures that they found in the database by generating and analyzing a subset of slow-doubling, paclitaxel-resistant cancer models called ‘persisters’. The results demonstrated that paclitaxel-resistant cancers remodel their stress response by first becoming more stem cell-like, evolving the ability to self-renew to adapt to more stressful conditions like drug exposures. More surprisingly, when the researchers characterized the metabolic state of the cells, EGFR-TKI persisters derived from paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells showed high dependencies to energy-producing processes such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis. “We found that, without an energy stimulus like glucose, these cells transform to becoming more senescent, a characteristic of cells that have arrested cell division. However, this senescence is controlled by stem cell factors, which the paclitaxel-resistant cancers use to escape from this arrested state given a favorable condition to re-grow,” said Aldonza. Professor Kim explained, “Before this research, there was no reason to expect that acquiring the cancer stem cell phenotype that dramatically leads to a cascade of changes in cellular states affecting metabolism and cell death is linked with drug-specific sequential resistance between two classes of therapies.” He added, “The expansion of our work to other working models of drug resistance in a much more clinically-relevant setting, perhaps in clinical trials, will take on increasing importance, as sequential treatment strategies will continue to be adapted to various forms of anti-cancer therapy regimens.” This study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1C1B2009886), and the KAIST Future Systems Healthcare Project (KAISTHEALTHCARE42) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT). Undergraduate student Aldonza participated in this research project and presented the findings as the lead author as part of the Undergraduate Research Participation (URP) Program at KAIST. < Figure 1. Schematic overview of the study. > < Figure 2. Big data analysis revealing co-resistance signatures between classes of anti-cancer drugs. > Publication: Aldonza et al. (2020) Prior acquired resistance to paclitaxel relays diverse EGFR-targeted therapy persistence mechanisms. Science Advances, Vol. 6, No. 6, eaav7416. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7416 Profile: Prof. Yoosik Kim, MA, PhD [email protected] https://qcbio.kaist.ac.kr/ Assistant Professor Bio Network Analysis Laboratory Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) http://kaist.ac.kr Daejeon, Republic of Korea Profile: Mark Borris D. Aldonza [email protected] Undergraduate Student Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) http://kaist.ac.kr Daejeon, Republic of Korea (END) Highly Uniform and Low Hysteresis Pressure Sensor to Increase Practical Applicability < Professor Steve Park (left) and the First Author Mr. Jinwon Oh (right) > Researchers have designed a flexible pressure sensor that is expected to have a much wider applicability. A KAIST research team fabricated a piezoresistive pressure sensor of high uniformity with low hysteresis by chemically grafting a conductive polymer onto a porous elastomer template. The team discovered that the uniformity of pore size and shape is directly related to the uniformity of the sensor. The team noted that by increasing pore size and shape variability, the variability of the sensor characteristics also increases. Researchers led by Professor Steve Park from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering confirmed that compared to other sensors composed of randomly sized and shaped pores, which had a coefficient of variation in relative resistance change of 69.65%, their newly developed sensor exhibited much higher uniformity with a coefficient of variation of 2.43%. This study was reported in Small as the cover article on August 16. Flexible pressure sensors have been actively researched and widely applied in electronic equipment such as touch screens, robots, wearable healthcare devices, electronic skin, and human-machine interfaces. In particular, piezoresistive pressure sensors based on elastomer‐conductive material composites hold significant potential due to their many advantages including a simple and low-cost fabrication process. Various research results have been reported for ways to improve the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors, most of which have been focused on increasing the sensitivity. Despite its significance, maximizing the sensitivity of composite-based piezoresistive pressure sensors is not necessary for many applications. On the other hand, sensor-to-sensor uniformity and hysteresis are two properties that are of critical importance to realize any application. The importance of sensor-to-sensor uniformity is obvious. If the sensors manufactured under the same conditions have different properties, measurement reliability is compromised, and therefore the sensor cannot be used in a practical setting. In addition, low hysteresis is also essential for improved measurement reliability. Hysteresis is a phenomenon in which the electrical readings differ depending on how fast or slow the sensor is being pressed, whether pressure is being released or applied, and how long and to what degree the sensor has been pressed. When a sensor has high hysteresis, the electrical readings will differ even under the same pressure, making the measurements unreliable. Researchers said they observed a negligible hysteresis degree which was only 2%. This was attributed to the strong chemical bonding between the conductive polymer and the elastomer template, which prevents their relative sliding and displacement, and the porosity of the elastomer that enhances elastic behavior. “This technology brings forth insight into how to address the two critical issues in pressure sensors: uniformity and hysteresis. We expect our technology to play an important role in increasing practical applications and the commercialization of pressure sensors in the near future,” said Professor Park. This work was conducted as part of the KAIST‐funded Global Singularity Research Program for 2019, and also supported by the KUSTAR‐KAIST Institute. Figure 1. Image of a porous elastomer template with uniform pore size and shape (left), Graph showing high uniformity in the sensors’ performance (right). Figure 2. Hysteresis loops of the sensor at different pressure levels (left), and after a different number of cycles (right). Figure 3. The cover page of Small Journal, Volume 15, Issue 33. Publication: Jinwon Oh, Jin‐Oh Kim, Yunjoo Kim, Han Byul Choi, Jun Chang Yang, Serin Lee, Mikhail Pyatykh, Jung Kim, Joo Yong Sim, and Steve Park. 2019. Highly Uniform and Low Hysteresis Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Based on Chemical Grafting of Polypyrrole on Elastomer Template with Uniform Pore Size. Small. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weinheim, Germany, Volume No. 15, Issue No. 33, Full Paper No. 201901744, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201901744 Profile: Prof. Steve Park, MS, PhD [email protected] http://steveparklab.kaist.ac.kr/ Assistant Professor Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) http://kaist.ac.kr Daejeon 34141, Korea Profile: Mr. Jinwon Oh, MS [email protected] http://steveparklab.kaist.ac.kr/ Researcher Organic and Nano Electronics Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) http://kaist.ac.kr Daejeon 34141, Korea Profile: Prof. Jung Kim, MS, PhD [email protected] http://medev.kaist.ac.kr/ Professor Biorobotics Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) http://kaist.ac.kr Daejeon 34141, Korea Profile: Joo Yong Sim, PhD [email protected] Researcher Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) https://www.etri.re.krDaejeon 34129, Korea (END) The 8th KINC Fusion Research Awardees The KAIST Institute for NanoCentury held the 8th KINC Fusion Research Award in order to encourage professors’ convergence studies and instill students’ willingness to research. The award ceremony took place in the KI Building at KAIST on March 13. The KINC Fusion Research Award selects the most outstanding convergence studies among research undertaken last year, and awards researchers who participated in that research. The 8th KINC Fusion Research Award went to Professor Yoon Sung Nam from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor Inkyu Park from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Their research reported the spontaneous self-biomineralization of palladium (Pd) ions on a filamentous virus to form ligand-free Pd nanowires without reducing reagents or using additional surface stabilizers (Title: Virus-Templated Self-Mineralization of Ligand-Free Colloidal Palladium Nanostructures for High Surface Activity and Stability, Advanced Functional Materials (2017)). Professor Hee-Tae Jung, the Director of KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury and the host of the KINC Fusion Research Award said, “Convergence will be the crucial keyword that will lead to revolutionary change. Hence, the importance of convergence study should be improved. We will put every effort into creating a research environment for increasing convergence study. The KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury was established in June 2006 under the KAIST Institute with a mission of creating convergence study by tearing down boarders among departments and carrying out interdisciplinary joint research. Currently, approximately 90 professors from 14 departments participate the institute. It aims to become a hub of university institutes for nano-fusion research. KAIST and Audi Korea Sign a Memorandum of Understanding to Establish a Startup Incubator For the next five years, Audi Korea will provide USD 250,000 for the startup program. KAIST recently signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Audi Korea to establish a student-led startup program, the Audi-KAIST Innovation Lounge, to promote design and product development on May 19, 2015, at the KAIST Institute of Entrepreneurship on campus. Directed by Professor Sang-Min Bae of the Industrial Design Department (IDD), the Audi-KAIST Innovation Lounge will operate a global business incubator where IDD undergraduate and graduate students cultivate their entrepreneurship skills and explore business opportunities to develop commercially-applicable product designs. Audi Korea will invest USD 250,000 in the Innovation Lounge project for the next five years. Students will receive support from the Lounge to turn their ideas, class assignments, and graduation theses into business products through a full cycle of the product development process such as inquiry, prototype development, and commercialization. The Lounge will also provide students with mentoring services from industry professionals and experts who can assist the students in finding design solutions and building prototypes using 3D printers. The Dean of IDD, Kun-Pyo Lee, said, “Audi has been known for its initiatives which blend technological innovations into design. Likewise, our department offers students an integrative approach to design education and research which incorporates human factors and technology as important features in the design process. I believe that the Audi-KAIST Innovation Lounge will help us lead such efforts in the future.” Professor Bae added, “This MOU is quite significant because it shows an excellent collaboration between academia and industry. Ideas created in universities should not be left to languish as just an idea or research. Rather, they should be utilized as ways to serve the needs of our society, and to do so, it is important for the government and companies to pay more attention to these interactions taking place between academia and private sectors.” The Head of Marketing at Audi Korea, Jorg Dietzel, said, “As seen in our corporate slogan, "Advancement through Technology," Audi has grown through numerous technological innovations. I hope Audi Korea can contribute to the support of KAIST students from the Industrial Design Department to realize their dreams as future entrepreneurs and bring more innovative ideas to their field.” Picture: Jorg Dietzel (fifth from the left), the Head of Marketing at Audi Korea, and Kun-Pyo Lee (sixth from the left), the Dean of Industrial Design Department, KAIST, pose together right after signing an agreement to create the Audi-KAIST Innovation Lounge on May 19, 2015. Extracting Light from Graphite: Core Technology of Graphene Quantum Dots Display Developed Professor Seokwoo Jeon of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor Yong-Hoon Cho of the Department of Physics, and Professor Seunghyup Yoo of the Department of Electrical Engineering announced that they were able to develop topnotch graphene quantum dots from graphite. Using the method of synthesizing graphite intercalation compound from graphite with salt and water, the research team developed graphene quantum dots in an ecofriendly way. The quantum dots have a diameter of 5 nanometers with their sizes equal and yield high quantum efficiency. Unlike conventional quantum dots, they are not comprised of toxic materials such as lead or cadmium. As the quantum dots can be developed from materials which can be easily found in the nature, researchers look forward to putting these into mass production at low cost. The research team also discovered a luminescence mechanism of graphene quantum dots and confirmed the possibility of commercial use by developing quantum dot light-emitting diodes with brightness of 1,000 cd/m2, which is greater than that of cellphone displays. Professor Seokwoo Jeon said, “Although quantum dot LEDs have a lower luminous efficiency than existing ones, their luminescent property can be further improved” and emphasized that “using quantum dot displays will allow us to develop not only paper-thin displays but also flexible ones.” Sponsored by Graphene Research Center in KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, the research finding was published online in the April 20th issue of Advanced Optical Materials. Picture 1: Graphene quantum dots and their synthesis Picture 2: Luminescence mechanism of graphene quantum dots Picture 3: Structure of graphene quantum dots LED and its emission KAIST held an opening ceremony for the completion of KAIST Institute Building. A Korean American businessman and his wife, Byiung Jun Park and Chunghi Hong, donated 10 million USD for the construction of the building. KAIST hosted an opening ceremony on May 11, 2010 for the new addition to its campus, called the Chunghi & Byiung Jun (BJ) Park KAIST Institute Building. The KI Building will serve as a hub for creative multidisciplinary researches. A Korean American businessman and his wife made a considerable contribution for the construction of the building, worth 10 million USD. KAIST called the building Byiung Jun (BJ) Park and Chunghi Hong in recognition of their contribution. Chairman Park was the founder of the Merchandise Testing Laboratory, a leading textile quality control multinational. It took 19 months to finish the construction of the KI Building with a total cost of 36 billion Korean won. The building consists of one basement and five ground floors. At the basement, there are clean room and equipment storage room; on the 2nd and 3rd floors, conference and exhibition halls; and on the rest of the floors, research labs and administration offices are to be located. KAIST’s eight integral research institutes will be placed inside the building: the BioCentury; Information Technology Convergence; Design of Complex Systems; Entertainment Engineering; the NanoCentury; Eco-Energy; Urban Space and Systems; and Optical Science and Technology. Approximately 230 professors from 25 departments of various academic fields will make the KI Building home for study and research. The KI Building will play a great role in producing world-class convergence research works by KAIST researchers and professors, thereby making a contribution to the improvement of national competitiveness. Vice President of KI Building, Sang-Soo Kim, said, “There has been no such place for us to concentrate research manpower and equipment scattered around the campus. By having all the necessary resources at one place will allow us to conduct convergence researches more efficiently and effectively. I’d like to express my appreciation for the Ministry of Education and Science and Technology as well as Chairman Byiung Jun (BJ) Park, who gave us tremendous supports in the process of constructing the KI Building.” “The building’s inside has a unique office structure, getting rid of walls or partitions between institutes or departments, to stimulate an environment conducive to convergence researches. We hope to present a new model for creative multidisciplinary researches through a selective and focused approach to be facilitated by institutes at the KI Building,” added by the vice president. KAIST Professors Article Featured as Cover Thesis of Biotechnology Journal An article authored by a research team of Prof. Sang-yup Lee at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Dr. Jin-Hwan Park at the KAIST Institute for the BioCentury has been featured as the cover thesis of the August 2008 issue of Trends in Biotechnology. The paper, titled "General strategy for strain improvement by means of systems metabolic engineering," focuses on the application of systems biology for the development of strains and illustrates future prospects. Trends in Biotechnology, published by Cell Press, is one of the most prestigious review journals in the field. Jin-Hwan Park, the primary author of the research thesis, said that the KAIST team"s research work was expected to provide substantial help to researchers involved in biotechnology industry. The strategy has been established on the basis of the experiences gained in the actual microbial production process using the systems biology methods which his research team has recently worked on, Prof. Park said. KAIST Holds Symposium on Metabolic Engineering The KAIST Institute for Bio-Century held a symposium on metabolic engineering at the auditorium of the KAIST"s Applied Engineering Bldg. on Thursday, Feb. 14, in cooperation with the BK21 Chemical Engineering Research Team. The symposium focused on researches on bio-refinery program and bio-energy production in connection with steep hikes in oil prices and worsening environmental problems, including global warming. Seven Korean experts presented their views on metabolic engineering strategies to effectively produce bio-energy and biofuel and the latest research trends. Among the speakers, Prof. Lee Sang-yup, co-head of the KAIST Institute for Bio-Century, spoke on the theme of "Metabolic Engineering for Bio-refinery and Bio-energy. The symposium provided an opportunity to take a glimpse into the latest research trends of metabolic engineering technology. Metabolic engineering technology is crucial to producing chemicals, energy and other substances from renewable biomass materials in a departure from heavy reliance on crude oil. Prof. Lee Listed on Marquis Who's Who Professor Lee Ji-hyun of the Graduate School of Culture Technology at KAIST was registered to Marquis Who"s Who, known as one of the world"s three leading biographical dictionaries. Prof. Lee"s biography was published in the 25th anniversary edition of "Marquis Who"s Who in the World 2008." Lee"s research interests are the color and culture, computer-supported collaborative design, creative design, evolutionary systems in design, formal models of design process, representation and reasoning in design and visualization for design information. Lee has published about 30 papers in science journals and for scholastic conferences. She is also a participating professor at KAIST Institute for Entertainment Engineering. Before joining KAIST in 2007, she was an assistant professor at the Department of Digital Media Design and Graduate School of Computational Design, the National Yunlin University of Science & Technology (NYUST) in Taiwan starting from 2002. She received her Ph.D. from the School of Architecture (Computational Design) at Carnegie Mellon University in 2002. She graduated from the Department of Housing & Interior Design at Yonsei University in Seoul in 1991 and received her M.S. from the same university in 1993. 마지막 페이지 1 KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea Copyright(C) 2020, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, All Rights Reserved.

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Are you tired of rummaging through your toiletries bag, desperately searching for a stray Q-tip? Look no further! In this article, we will explore innovative Q-tip holder travel solutions that will revolutionize the way you organize your essentials. From compact and functional designs to convenient storage options, these solutions will ensure that your Q-tips are always easily accessible and safely stored. Say goodbye to messy toiletries and hello to a hassle-free travel experience with our top picks for Q-tip holders. 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Q-Tip Holder Travel: Essential Solutions for Organizing Toiletries Are you tired of rummaging through your toiletry bag, desperately searching for a q-tip while on the go? Look no further! In this guide, we will explore the world of q-tip holder travel solutions, ensuring that you can keep your essential toiletries organized, safe, and easily accessible during your journeys. From portable cotton pad holders to hair accessories organizers, we will delve into the different types of q-tip holders available for travel, their features, and how to choose the right one for your needs. The Importance of a Q-Tip Holder for Travel When it comes to maintaining hygiene and convenience during travel, a q-tip holder is a must-have accessory. Q-tips, with their versatility for cleaning ears, applying makeup, and even crafting projects, are indispensable for many travelers. However, without proper storage, they can easily get lost or become damaged in the chaos of suitcases and travel bags. A dedicated q-tip holder provides a safe and hygienic space for your cotton swabs, keeping them organized and protected while you’re on the move. With compact and lightweight designs, these holders are travel-friendly, fitting seamlessly into your luggage or toiletry bag without taking up much space. Exploring the World of Q-Tip Holder Travel Solutions On popular online platforms like Amazon and Etsy, you can find a wide range of q-tip holders designed specifically for travel purposes. Let’s take a closer look at some of the innovative options available: 1. Portable Cotton Pad Holders: These holders not only accommodate q-tips but also offer storage space for cotton pads. They come in various sizes, shapes, and materials, allowing you to find the perfect fit for your needs. With secure lids or snap closures, they prevent any spillage or contamination, ensuring a hassle-free travel experience. 2. Hair Accessories Organizers: While primarily designed for hair accessories, these versatile organizers can also double as q-tip holders. They often feature compartments or pouches that can neatly hold your cotton swabs, keeping them separate from other items. With their compact and lightweight design, these organizers are a practical choice for travelers looking to maximize storage efficiency. 3. Hair Tie Organizer Boxes: These boxes provide a convenient and stylish storage solution for your q-tips and hair ties. With separate compartments or slots, they keep your cotton swabs protected and tangle-free. Made from durable and lightweight materials, these boxes are perfect for those who prefer a sleek and compact q-tip holder for their travels. 4. Reusable Bamboo Q-Tip Holders: For environmentally conscious travelers, reusable bamboo q-tip holders are a fantastic option. These holders often come with reusable silicone or bamboo q-tips, eliminating the need for disposable cotton swabs. With their compact and eco-friendly design, these holders are a sustainable choice for on-the-go q-tip storage. Choosing the Right Q-Tip Holder for Your Travel Needs When selecting a q-tip holder for travel, consider the following factors to ensure you make the right choice: Size and Portability: Opt for a holder that is compact and lightweight, allowing for easy transportation without adding extra bulk to your luggage. Material and Durability: Look for holders made from sturdy materials that can withstand the rigors of travel. Plastic or silicone holders are often the most durable options. Storage Capacity: Assess your required storage capacity for q-tips and any additional toiletries. Choose a holder with adequate compartments or space to accommodate all your essentials. Secure Closure: Check if the holder has a secure closure mechanism, such as a lid or snap closure, to prevent any leakage or damage during transit. The Benefits of Using a Q-Tip Holder While Traveling Investing in a q-tip holder for your travels comes with several advantages: Organization: A dedicated holder ensures that your q-tips are easily accessible and separate from other toiletries, minimizing clutter and facilitating efficient packing. Hygiene: By keeping your q-tips in a holder, you protect them from dirt, germs, and moisture, maintaining their hygiene and usability throughout your journey. Protection: A q-tip holder safeguards your cotton swabs from accidental damage, such as bending or crushing, ensuring they remain intact and ready for use. Convenience: With a q-tip holder, you can effortlessly locate your cotton swabs whenever you need them, eliminating the frustration of rummaging through your bags. When it comes to q-tip holder travel solutions, it’s essential to choose an option that aligns with your needs for organization, convenience, and hygiene. With the diverse range of holders available on platforms like Amazon and Etsy, you can easily find a compact and functional solution that meets your preferences. These q-tip holders not only protect your cotton swabs during your travels but also make your overall toiletry organization more efficient. So, embark on your adventure worry-free, knowing that your q-tips are safely stored and readily accessible whenever you need them! Are you a RuneScape 3 player looking for the Traveling Merchant? Check out our guide on the traveling merchant rs3 to find out when and where you can find this elusive NPC. Happy trading! If you’re a frequent AAA traveler, you won’t want to miss the benefits of the Comenity Capital Bank AAA Travel Advantage Visa. Earn rewards and enjoy exclusive perks when you sign up for the Comenity Capital Bank AAA Travel Advantage Visa. Start exploring the world with this amazing card today. Looking for stylish and durable travel bags? Look no further! Bella Russo offers a wide selection of trendy and functional travel bags that will make your journey hassle-free. Check out our collection of Bella Russo Travel Bags and travel in style. Planning a trip to Disney? Don’t forget to grab the Disney100 Travel Tumbler with Lanyard before you go. Stay refreshed and keep your hands free with this convenient and delightful tumbler. Get yours now at Disney100 Travel Tumbler with Lanyard. Have a question or need assistance with your JetBlue Travel Bank? Our customer service team is here to help. Contact our dedicated representatives at JetBlue Travel Bank Customer Service for any inquiries or concerns regarding your JetBlue Travel Bank. We’re just a call away! Tips for choosing the right q tip holder for travel Are you tired of digging through your toiletry bag or risk losing your Q-tips while traveling? It’s time to invest in a q-tip holder specifically designed for travel. With various options available in the market, choosing the right q-tip holder can make a world of difference in terms of organization, convenience, and hygiene. To help you make an informed decision, here are some valuable tips for selecting the perfect q-tip holder for your travel needs. Types of q-tip holders for travel When it comes to q-tip holders for travel, there are several options to choose from. Understanding the different types can help you narrow down your options and find the perfect fit. Here are some common types of q-tip holders designed specifically for travel purposes: Compact plastic or silicone holders: These holders are lightweight, durable, and ideal for minimizing space in your luggage. They usually come with a secure closure mechanism to prevent any accidental spillage. Q-tip travel cases: Specifically designed to keep your q-tips safe and organized during travel, these cases often come with compartments or dividers to separate clean and used q-tips. They offer enhanced protection and ensure that your cotton swabs stay intact. Custom-made q-tip holders: Etsy is a great platform to explore unique and custom-made q-tip holders. From adorable fabric wraps to handcrafted wooden containers, you can find a q-tip holder that reflects your personal style and travel aesthetic. Factors to consider when choosing a q-tip holder To find the right q-tip holder for your travel adventures, consider the following factors: Size and portability: Opt for a q-tip holder that is compact and lightweight, ensuring it fits easily into your luggage or toiletry bag without taking up too much space. Material and durability: Look for q-tip holders made of durable materials like plastic or silicone that can withstand the rigors of travel. Additionally, ensure that the materials used are non-toxic and safe for storing your q-tips. Storage capacity: Depending on your travel needs, choose a q-tip holder that offers sufficient storage capacity for your desired quantity of q-tips. Consider the frequency and duration of your trips to determine the appropriate size. Secure closure: To prevent any accidents or spillage, select a q-tip holder with a secure closure mechanism. This will ensure that your q-tips stay in place and remain clean and hygienic throughout your journey. Benefits of using a q-tip holder while traveling Using a q-tip holder while traveling offers numerous benefits that go beyond organization and convenience. Here are some advantages of investing in a q-tip holder: Hygiene: A q-tip holder provides a clean and hygienic space for storing your q-tips, protecting them from dirt and contamination while on the move. Protection: By storing your q-tips in a dedicated holder, you can prevent them from getting damaged or crushed, ensuring that they remain intact for immediate use. Convenience: With a q-tip holder, you no longer have to rummage through your bag to find a q-tip. They are easily accessible, saving you time and effort during your travel routine. Space-saving: Q-tip holders for travel are designed with compactness in mind, allowing you to maximize space in your luggage or toiletry bag. - When choosing a q-tip holder for travel, consider the different types available, such as compact plastic or silicone holders, q-tip travel cases, or custom-made options. - Factors to consider include the size and portability of the holder, its material and durability, storage capacity, and the presence of a secure closure mechanism. - Using a q-tip holder while traveling ensures hygiene, protection, convenience, and space-saving benefits. - Invest in a q-tip holder that suits your individual travel needs, preferences, and style. Benefits of Using a Q-Tip Holder While Traveling Whether you’re embarking on a short weekend getaway or a month-long adventure, the last thing you want is to rummage through a messy toiletry bag in search of a clean q-tip. That’s where a q-tip holder for travel comes to the rescue! Not only does it keep your q-tips organized, but it also offers several benefits for the savvy traveler. In this guide, we’ll explore the benefits of using a q-tip holder while traveling and help you choose the perfect one for your needs. Benefits of Using a Q-Tip Holder While Traveling Hygiene and Protection: Using a q-tip holder while traveling ensures that your q-tips stay clean and safe to use. Q-tips are prone to collecting dust, moisture, and other contaminants when kept loose in a bag. With a dedicated q-tip holder, your cotton swabs are shielded from these elements, keeping them sanitary and ready for use whenever you need them. Organization: A q-tip holder helps keep your travel bag tidy and well-organized. Instead of having loose q-tips floating around, a q-tip holder provides a designated space for your cotton swabs. This not only saves space but also makes it easier to locate them quickly when you need them. Convenience and Accessibility: With a q-tip holder, you can easily access your q-tips on the go. Most q-tip holders are designed to be compact and portable, allowing you to carry them in your toiletry bag, purse, or even your pocket. Having your q-tips within reach whenever you need them ensures convenience and eliminates the hassle of digging through your bag to find them. Durability: Investing in a sturdy q-tip holder ensures that your q-tips remain protected throughout your travels. Q-tip holders come in various materials, including plastic, silicone, and bamboo. Choosing a durable q-tip holder means your cotton swabs won’t get crushed or damaged, even if your bag experiences rough handling. Versatility: Q-tips are versatile travel companions and can be useful in various situations. Whether it’s removing smudged mascara, applying makeup, cleaning hard-to-reach spots, or even dealing with unexpected spills, having q-tips readily available can be a game-changer in your travel arsenal. A q-tip holder ensures that you always have this versatile tool on hand. - Using a q-tip holder while traveling provides several benefits, including hygiene, organization, convenience, durability, and versatility. - A q-tip holder protects q-tips from dust, moisture, and other contaminants, ensuring they remain clean and safe to use. - It helps keep your travel bag tidy and well-organized, saving you time and effort in searching for q-tips. - Portable q-tip holders offer easy accessibility, allowing you to have q-tips readily available whenever you need them. - Investing in a durable q-tip holder ensures your q-tips remain protected throughout your travels. - Q-tips are versatile and can be handy in various travel situations, making a q-tip holder a valuable accessory to carry. - Consider factors like material, size, and portability when choosing a q-tip holder that suits your travel needs. - You can find a variety of q-tip holders on platforms like Amazon and Etsy, offering options to match your style and preferences. – Amazon.com – – Etsy.com – Top Recommendations for Q Tip Holders for Travel - Q-tip holders are essential travel accessories for maintaining hygiene and convenience while on the go. - There are various types of q-tip holders available for travel, including portable cotton pad holders, hair accessories organizers, and reusable bamboo holders. - When choosing a q-tip holder for travel, consider factors such as size and portability, material and durability, storage capacity, and secure closure. - Amazon and Etsy are reliable platforms to find a wide range of q-tip holders for travel purposes. As a seasoned travel writer and expert in practical travel essentials, I understand the importance of finding the best q-tip holder for your travel needs. To help you make an informed decision, I have researched and compiled a list of top recommendations for q-tip holders for travel. Whether you need a compact plastic holder or a custom-made option, these q-tip holders will ensure that your cotton swabs stay organized, safe, and easily accessible on the go. 1. XING ZHONG 2 PACK Qtip Holder Dispenser - Material: Plastic - Size: Compact and portable - Features: The XING ZHONG 2 PACK Qtip Holder Dispenser is designed specifically for travel purposes. It has a secure closure mechanism, ensuring that your cotton swabs remain protected. The compact size allows for easy storage in your travel bag, while the transparent design allows you to quickly identify the contents. 2. MOYACA Hair Tie Organizer Box QTip Holder - Material: Plastic - Size: 3.74 x 3.74 x 1.18 inches - Features: The MOYACA Hair Tie Organizer Box QTip Holder is a versatile travel accessory. It not only stores your q-tips but also has compartments for hair accessories like hair ties. The compact size makes it convenient to carry while traveling, and the secure closure ensures that your belongings stay in place. 3. Unique and Custom Options on Etsy If you’re looking for something more unique and personalized, Etsy offers a range of handmade q-tip holders for travel. You can find options like the Jesmonite Vessel, which serves as both a decorative vessel and a mini storage for q-tips. When choosing a q-tip holder for travel, consider factors such as size, material, durability, and storage capacity. The right q-tip holder will not only keep your toiletries organized but also protect them from getting damaged while on the move. With these top recommendations, you can ensure that your q-tips are easily accessible and well-protected throughout your journey. – Q-tip holders are essential travel accessories for maintaining hygiene and convenience while on the go. – There are various types of q-tip holders available for travel, including portable cotton pad holders, hair accessories organizers, and reusable bamboo holders. – When choosing a q-tip holder for travel, consider factors such as size and portability, material and durability, storage capacity, and secure closure. – Amazon and Etsy are reliable platforms to find a wide range of q-tip holders for travel purposes. Q1: What are some popular options for travel Q-tip holders? A1: Some popular options for travel Q-tip holders include the XING ZHONG 2 PACK Qtip Holder Dispenser and the MOYACA Hair Tie Organizer Box QTip Holder available on Amazon. Additionally, Etsy offers a range of unique and custom handmade Q-tip holder options. Q2: What materials are travel Q-tip holders made of? A2: Travel Q-tip holders are typically made of durable and lightweight materials such as plastic or silicone. These materials ensure longevity, portability, and non-toxicity. Q3: Are there travel Q-tip holders available in different designs? A3: Yes, travel Q-tip holders are available in a variety of designs and styles both on Amazon and Etsy. They can be decorative and come in different shapes, colors, and materials to suit individual preferences. Q4: Can travel Q-tip holders be used for other purposes besides holding Q-tips? A4: Yes, travel Q-tip holders can be versatile and used for storing other toiletry items such as cotton pads, swabs, hair accessories, and more. They provide convenient and organized storage options for various essential items during travel. Q5: How can travel Q-tip holders help with bathroom organization? A5: Travel Q-tip holders can assist in bathroom organization by keeping Q-tips and other small items neatly stored and easily accessible. Some holders can be labeled for easy identification, helping to maintain a clutter-free and organized bathroom space.

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|Cite this record Nonprofit : $33.32 For-Profit : $66.64 Physical Property Datafile for Process Simulators, e.g. Aspen Plus Nonprofit : $26.65 For-Profit : $53.31 Quantum Chemical Result File (FCHK) for Faster Computation Nonprofit : $19.99 For-Profit : $46.65 Molecular Descriptors File (CSV) Nonprofit : $9.99 For-Profit : $23.32 Quantum Chemically Optimized 3D Structure File (MOL) This End User License Agreement (hereinafter "EULA") is a legally binding agreement between ChemEssen, Inc. (hereinafter "ChemEssen") and you (either an individual or an entity – hereinafter "LICENSEE"). The terms and condition of this EULA govern use of certain ChemEssen-owned databases, computer programs, software, features, functions, and services related to MOL-Instincts, the associated online data, downloaded data from ChemEssen’s server, data carrier, information, executable object codes, video, images, any printed or electronic materials, files, the software and hardware of MOL-Instincts database server constructed within LICENSEE’s organization, and any "online", "offline" or electronic documentation supplied by ChemEssen (hereinafter collectively "PRODUCT"). The PRODUCT is copyrighted and it is licensed to LICENSEE under this EULA. By selecting the "…Accept..." or "…Agree…" option button during installation or execution of the PRODUCT, or by copying or otherwise using the PRODUCT, LICENSEE agrees to be bound by the terms of this EULA. This EULA takes precedence over any other agreement or terms embedded within the PRODUCT. If you do not agree with any term or condition of this EULA, please do not download, order, open, install or use the PRODUCT. 2. GRANT OF LICENSE 2.1 General.ChemEssen grants and LICENSEE accepts a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sub licensable license to use the PRODUCT during the license term: (i) for LICENSEE’s own internal business and research purposes; (ii) only on the supported computer(s) and internet protocol (IP) address range(s); (iii) in accordance with the terms and conditions of this EULA and the MOL-Instincts subscriber agreement (hereinafter “SA”) executed by ChemEssen and LICENSEE. ChemEssen specifically reserves all rights not expressly granted under this EULA and/or the SA. Except as otherwise provided with respect to certain PRODUCT, the license includes the right to download and temporarily store insubstantial portions of the PRODUCT to a storage device under LICENSEE’s exclusive control solely (i) to display internally such PRODUCT, (ii) to create printouts of the PRODUCT for internal use, and (iii) to use such PRODUCT for internal applications, research, development, and related work. 2.2 Restrictions.Without the prior written consent of ChemEssen, LICENSEE shall not: (i) Permit any user to use the PRODUCT unless such user has been authorized by ChemEssen; (ii) Copy the PRODUCT except as provided in this EULA and/or the SA; (iii) Use all or any part of the PRODUCT in a private archival database or other searchable database; (iv) Use all or any part of the PRODUCT to establish any kind of information service for third parties; (v) Sublicense, redistribute, transfer, encumber, sell, rent, lease all or any part of the PRODUCT under any circumstances; (vi) Pass any part of the PRODUCT to third parties; (vii) Publish any part of the INFORMATION; (viii) Remove, alter, obliterate, or in any way change the form or placement of any trademark, logo, copyright or other proprietary notices; (ix) Use the PRODUCT to enable, support or otherwise aid the development of technology competitive with the PRODUCT or any PRODUCT embedded therein. 2.3 Publication and Citation.If the PRODUCT is used to obtain a private result in the course of LICENSEE’s own internal work, that result may be published in the public literature or an internet website under the conditions that (i) the contents of the publication do not include any part of the INFORMATION, and (ii) LICENSEE acknowledges its use of the PRODUCT in an appropriate citation. The citation should include (i) the name of the PRODUCT (MOL-Instincts), (ii) the source (https://members.molinstincts.com), and (iii) the authorship as designated by ChemEssen, Inc. 2.4 Modifications and Enhancements.LICENSEE shall not make any modifications or enhancements to the PRODUCT, create any derivative works of the PRODUCT, reduce the INFORMATION into human readable form, or merge or separate the PRODUCT. 2.5 Prohibition against Reverse Engineering.LICENSEE shall not alter, decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, and attempt to derive the source code, or emulate functionality of the PRODUCT. 7.1 License, Service, and Subscription Fees.All the license, service, and subscription fees are payable by LICENSEE in advance. Except as otherwise stated in the SA, the invoice issued by ChemEssen shall be payable by LICENSEE in full within 15 days from the date of invoice. ChemEssen accepts credit cards and will automatically charge LICENSEE’s credit card daily, monthly, or yearly, depending upon which subscription plan that LICENSEE selects. If any fee is not paid in a timely manner, or ChemEssen is unable to process LICENSEE’s transaction using the credit card information provided. All the license, service, and subscription fees are prepaid and are non-refundable. CHEMESSEN DOES NOT PROVIDE REFUNDS OR CREDITS FOR ANY PARTIAL MONTHS OR YEARS. 7.2 Payment.If LICENSEE is required to withhold tax on any amounts payable under the SA, LICENSEE shall be responsible for the payment of such tax and shall pay ChemEssen the full amount invoiced without any deduction for such withholding tax. All amounts to be invoiced under the SA will be exclusive of taxes or duties, and LICENSEE is responsible for any such taxes or duties that may apply, including, but not limited to, sales and use taxes, excise taxes, value added taxes, consumption taxes, or goods and services taxes. If ChemEssen is required to collect any taxes from LICENSEE, LICENSEE shall pay such invoiced taxes, and ChemEssen will remit amounts collected to the appropriate taxing jurisdiction. 7.3 Taxes.If LICENSEE is required to withhold tax on any amounts payable under the SA, LICENSEE shall be responsible for the payment of such tax and shall pay ChemEssen the full amount invoiced without any deduction for such withholding tax. All amounts to be invoiced under the SA will be exclusive of taxes or duties, and LICENSEE is responsible for any such taxes or duties that may apply, including, but not limited to, sales and use taxes, excise taxes, value added taxes, consumption taxes, or goods and services taxes. If ChemEssen is required to collect any taxes from LICENSEE, LICENSEE shall pay such invoiced taxes, and ChemEssen will remit amounts collected to the appropriate taxing jurisdiction. 7.4 Right to Assign.ChemEssen may assign to an assignee all ChemEssen’s rights to receive any and all payments due under the SA. Such assignment shall not affect or release ChemEssen from its obligations and liabilities to LICENSEE. The assignee will not be chargeable with or assume any of ChemEssen’s obligations or liabilities to LICENSEE. LICENSEE shall promptly execute any ancillary documents and take further actions as ChemEssen or assignee may reasonably request relating to such assignment, including but not limited to assignment notifications and certificates of authorization. Notwithstanding any termination or cancellation under Section 6 above, LICENSEE shall, in accordance with the terms of the SA and on instruction from ChemEssen, pay the assignee any unpaid license and service fees, without deduction or offset, notwithstanding any claim or defense LICENSEE may have against ChemEssen. 7.5 Remedies.If LICENSEE fails to make any payment to ChemEssen or the assignee when due, and such failure continues for 60 days after the due date for such payment, then in addition to any other rights and remedies available to ChemEssen or the assignee, ChemEssen may disable further use of the PRODUCT or take other self-help measures, and all amounts owed by LICENSEE under the SA will become immediately due and payable. In addition, ChemEssen or the assignee may recover reasonable fees and expenses incurred in exercising any of its rights and remedies upon default, including without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses. While ChemEssen or the assignee may attempt to notify LICENSEE of any failure to receive a payment when due, LICENSEE's failure to receive any such notice will not excuse a default or limit the remedies available to ChemEssen or the assignee as described herein. 9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 9.1 Exclusion of Damages.IN NO EVENT SHALL CHEMESSEN BE LIABLE TO CUSTOMER FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF DATA OR INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT. CHEMESSEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OR ANY OTHER CLAIM, WHETHER IN TORT, CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE. 9.2 Third Party Suppliers.THE PRODUCT MAY CONTAIN FUNCTIONALITY SUPPLIED BY THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING DEVELOPERS, VENDORS, SUPPLIERS, CONTRACTORS, OR CONSULTANTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SUCH THIRD PARTIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE EULA. THIRD PARTY PRODUCT COMPONENTS IN THE PRODUCT OR OTHERWISE SUPPLIED BY CHEMESSEN MAY NOT BE USED INDEPENDENTLY OF THE PRODUCT. 9.3 Limitation of Liability.LICENSEE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT CHEMESSEN’S AGGEGATE TOTAL LIABILITY, IN ANY EVENT, FOR ANY COST, LOSS, DAMAGES, OR OTHER POTENTICAL OR ACTUAL EXPENSES WHICH IS IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THE EXECUTION, PERFORMANCE, OR SUBECT MATTER OF THIS EULA AND/OR THE SA SHALL NOT EXCEED THE AMOUNT OF THE LICENSE FEE PAID BY LICENSEE TO CHEMESSEN, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION EMPLOYED. USE OF ANY PRODUCT UNDER THIS EULA SHALL NOT CREATE ANY OBLIGATION FOR CHEMESSEN TO CONTINUE TO DEVELOP, PRODUCTIZE, SUPPORT, REPAIR, OFFER FOR SALE OR IN ANY OTHER WAY CONTINUE TO PROVIDE OR DEVELOP PRODUCT EITHER TO LICENSEE OR TO ANY OTHER PARTY. 10.1 Indemnification.LICENSEE agrees to indemnify and hold harmless ChemEssen from and against all damages, liabilities, attorney fees, and costs incurred by ChemEssen: (i) in defending against third party claims or threats of claims against ChemEssen arising out of LICENSEE’S use of the PRODUCT, or (ii) as a result of the breach of any LICENSEE’S obligation, covenants or representations under this EULA and/or the SA. 10.2 Audit Rights.LICENSEE shall provide data regarding LICENSEE’S usage of the PRODUCT upon request by ChemEssen, and/or allow ChemEssen reasonable access for the purpose of retrieving such data. Such data may be in the form of software log files or other discrete data, in electronic or hardcopy format. ChemEssen shall not disclose such information to any third party, except to enforce ChemEssen’s rights. 10.3 Governing Law.Regardless of where any action may be brought, this EULA and/or the SA shall be governed, constructed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of Republic of Korea, without regard to its rules on conflicts of law. 10.4 Entire EULA.This EULA: (i) constitutes the complete and exclusive statement of the terms and conditions between the parties with respect to the matters set forth therein; (ii) is intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to the terms thereof; and (iii) supersedes all other agreements, purchase orders, negotiations, representations, tender documents, and proposals, written or oral. This EULA may not be amended except in a writing duly signed by an authorized representative of ChemEssen and LICENSEE. 10.5 Severability.If any provision of this EULA is held unenforceable or inoperative by any court of competent jurisdiction, either in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall be given full force and effect to the extent not inconsistent with the original terms of this EULA. 10.6 Survival.The obligations set forth in Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 shall survive termination or expiration of this EULA and/or the SA. IMPORTANT - READ CAREFULLY:This End User License Agreement (hereinafter "EULA") is a legal agreement between ChemEssen, Inc. ("ChemEssen") and you (either an individual or a single entity – hereinafter "Licensee"). This EULA covers the software supplied by ChemEssen, the associated media, audio, video, screen images, any printed or electronic materials, data, files and information and any "online" or electronic documentation (hereinafter "Software") which it accompanies or downloads, and which has been provided to Licensee. The Software is copyrighted and it is licensed to you under this EULA, not sold to you. By installing, copying or otherwise using the Software, you agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA. This EULA takes precedence over any other agreement or terms embedded within the Software. If you do not agree with any term or condition, do not download, order, open, install or use the product package. Assent to Be Bound By selecting the "I accept the terms..." option button during installation, by clicking the “Create My Account” button on the sign-up page, or by installing, copying or otherwise using this Software, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms of this EULA. THE SOFTWARE LICENSED HEREUNDER MAY CONTAIN DEFECTS. A PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS DEMONSTRATION LICENSE, FOR WHICH NO FEES HAVE BEEN CHARGED OR ARE DUE FROM LICENSEE, IS TO EVALUATE THE SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE. LICENSEE IS ADVISED TO SAFEGUARD IMPORTANT DATA, TO USE CAUTION AND NOT TO RELY IN ANY WAY ON THE CORRECT FUNCTIONING OR PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE AND/OR ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS. The enclosed Software is Confidential Information. Licensee agrees not to transfer, copy, provide or otherwise make available such confidential information in any form to any third party without the prior written consent of ChemEssen. Licensee agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Software with a reasonable care and diligence. Grant of License Subject to the terms and conditions of this EULA, ChemEssen grants to Licensee a limited, revocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable license (without the right to sublicense) to access the website located at members.molinstincts.com for the purpose of the operation and use of the Software and to use the executable object code version of the software on computers residing on Licensee’s premises, and also including such versions, updates, enhancements, modifications, and additions, and also associated documentation, as may be made available by ChemEssen in its discretion from time to time on the condition that Licensee uses such Software solely for Licensee’s internal, non-commercial purposes, and solely: (a) to evaluate the technical viability of the Software; (b) to evaluate the reliability and functionality of the Software in a working environment; (c) to determine whether the features of the Software perform as designed and are useful; (d) to determine whether the Software will work for its intended purpose; and (e) to create and provide to ChemEssen suggestions and technical feedback regarding the Software, including suggestions regarding viability and functionality of the Software. Restrictions on Grant Except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this EULA, Licensee may not: (a) Modify or create any derivative works of the Software or documentation, including translation or localization except code written to published APIs (application programming interfaces); (b) Copy the Software except as provided in this EULA or elsewhere by ChemEssen; (c) Separate the Software, which is licensed as a single product, into its component parts; (d) Sublicense or permit simultaneous use of the Software by more than one user; (e) Reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble or otherwise attempt to derive the source code of the Software; (f) Redistribute, encumber, sell, rent, lease, sublicense, use the Software in a timesharing or service bureau arrangement. Licensee may NOT transfer the Software under any circumstances; (g) Remove or alter any trademark, logo, copyright or other proprietary notices, legends, symbols or labels in the Software; (h) Publish any results of benchmark tests without ChemEssen’s prior written consent; (i) Use the Software by more users than have been licensed on more computers or computing devices than the number licensed, or by more developers than the number licensed, as applicable; (j) Use the Software to enable, support or otherwise aid the development of technology competitive with the Software or any software embedded therein. Feedback from Licensee It is expressly understood, acknowledged and agreed that Licensee shall, regardless of whether or not formally requested to do, provide to ChemEssen reasonable suggestions, comments and feedback regarding the Software, including but not limited to usability, bug reports and test results, with respect to Software testing (collectively, "Feedback"). Licensee grants ChemEssen, under all of Licensee's intellectual property and proprietary rights, the following worldwide, non-exclusive, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty free, rights: (i) to make, use, copy, modify, sell, distribute, sub-license, and create derivative works of, the Feedback as part of any ChemEssen product, technology, service, specification or other documentation (individually and collectively, "ChemEssen Products"); (ii) to publicly perform or display, import, broadcast, transmit, distribute, license, offer to sell, and sell, rent, lease or lend copies of the Feedback (and derivative works thereof) as part of any ChemEssen Products; (iii) solely with respect to Licensee's copyright and trade secret rights, to sublicense to third parties the foregoing rights, including the right to sublicense to further third parties; and (iv) to sublicense to third parties any claims of any patents owned or licensable by Licensee that are necessarily infringed by a third party product, technology or service that uses, interfaces, interoperates or communicates with the feedback or portion thereof incorporated into ChemEssen Products, technology or service. Further, Licensee warrants that Licensee's Feedback is not subject to any license terms that would purport to require ChemEssen to comply with any additional obligations with respect to any ChemEssen Products that incorporate any Feedback. Demo-Software Product Support ChemEssen is under no obligation to provide technical support under the terms of this license, and provides no assurance that any specific errors or discrepancies in the Software will be corrected. Ownership and Copyright of Software Title to the Software and all copies thereof remain with ChemEssen and/or or its suppliers. The Software is copyrighted and is protected by worldwide copyright laws and treaty provisions. Licensee will not remove copyright notices from the Software. Licensee agrees to prevent any unauthorized copying of the Software. Except as expressly provided herein, ChemEssen does not grant any express or implied right to Licensee under ChemEssen patents, copyrights, trademarks, or trade secret information. Term of This EULA ChemEssen may terminate this EULA at any time for any reason or no reason by providing Licensee advance written notice thereof. Upon any expiration or termination of this EULA, the rights and licenses granted to Licensee under this EULA shall immediately terminate, and Licensee shall immediately cease using, and will return to ChemEssen (or, at ChemEssen' request, destroy), the Software, Documentation, and all other tangible items in Licensee's possession or control that are proprietary to ChemEssen or contain Confidential Information. THE SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION ARE LICENSED "AS IS", AND CHEMESSEN DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TO THE EXTENT AUTHORIZED BY LAW. WITHOUT LIMITATION OF THE FOREGOING, CHEMESSEN EXPRESSLY DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL MEET LICENSEE'S REQUIREMENTS, THAT OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR FREE, OR THAT THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INTERRUPT, INTERFERE OR DAMAGE ANY OTHER SOFTWARE ON LICENSEE’S COMPUTERS OR OPERATION THEREOF. LICENSEE ASSUMES, AND CHEMESSEN DISCLAIMS RESPONSIBILITY FOR SELECTING THE SOFTWARE TO ACHIEVE LICENSEE'S INTENDED RESULTS, AND FOR THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM LICENSEE'S USE OF THE SOFTWARE. LICENSEE SHALL BEAR, AND CHEMESSEN DISCLAIMS THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. Limitation on Liability Use of any Software under this EULA is experimental and shall not create any obligation for ChemEssen to continue to develop, productize, support, repair, offer for sale or in any other way continue to provide or develop Software either to Licensee or to any other party. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CHEMESSEN OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF CHEMESSEN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. This EULA constitutes a complete and exclusive agreement between ChemEssen and Licensee with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written communications, proposals, representations, understandings, or agreements not specifically incorporated herein. This EULA may not be amended except in a writing duly signed by an authorized representative of ChemEssen and Licensee. This EULA is governed and interpreted under the laws of Republic of Korea. Copyright (C) 2012 ChemEssen, Inc. All rights reserved. MOL-Instincts is a trademark of ChemEssen, Inc. This product is based on a technology that is the subject matter of a number of pending patent applications. Product Site: www.MOL-Instincts.com. If you have any questions please feel free to contact us via email at [email protected]. The MOL-Instincts website, navigator software, and remote desktop tool provide a convenient way to access the benefits of our registered users. When you use them you may be asked to supply some personal information. We respect the privacy of our website visitors and registered users. We do use information you provide to better serve your needs. We also recognize that this information belongs to you and that we must treat it accordingly. This policy describes the ways we collect, store, use and protects your personal information. Collecting Your Personal Information When you visit the MOL-Instincts website or use the MOL-Instincts Services, we collect information sent to us by your computer, remote desktop server, mobile phone or other access device. This information may include your IP address, device information including but not limited to identifier, name and type, operating system, location, mobile network information, and standard web log information, such as your browser type, traffic to and from our site, date and time of access, host or service-provider information, identification of the referring site, the pages you accessed on our website, and information you obtained through our MOL-Instincts Services. This information is used exclusively for our internal purposes and is not disclosed to any non-affiliated third parties except our producers. If you open an account or use the MOL-Instincts Services, we may collect the following types of information: Contact information - your name, company type & name, position, address, phone, email and other similar information. When you use the MOL-Instincts Services, we collect information about your transactions and your other activities on our website, database servers, application or when using the MOL-Instincts Services and we may collect information about your computer or other access device for fraud prevention purposes or our record-keeping purposes. In order to help protect you from fraud and misuse of your personal information, we may collect information about your use and interaction with our website, application or the MOL-Instincts Services. For example, we may evaluate your computer, mobile phone or other access device to identify any malicious software or activity that may affect the availability of the MOL-Instincts Services. Storing and Protecting Your Personal Information Throughout this policy, we use the term "personal information" to describe information that can be associated with a specific person and can be used to identify that person. We store and process your personal information on our servers in the world where MOL-Instincts facilities or our service providers are located, and we protect it by maintaining physical, electronic and procedural safeguards in compliance with applicable regulations. We use computer safeguards such as firewalls and data encryption, we enforce physical access controls to our buildings and files, and we authorize access to personal information only for those employees who require it to fulfill their job responsibilities. Using Your Personal Information Our primary purpose in collecting personal information of you is to provide you with a secure, smooth, efficient, and customized experience. In addition, we may use your personal information to (1) provide the MOL-Instincts Services and customer support you request, (2) process transactions and send notices about your transactions, (3) resolve disputes, collect fees, and troubleshoot problems, (4) prevent potentially prohibited or illegal activities, and enforce our License/Subscribe Agreement, (5) customize, measure, and improve the MOL-Instincts Services and the content and layout of our website and applications, (6) deliver targeted marketing, service update notices, and promotional offers, and (7) identify the pool of the users of MOL-Instincts Services. We don't sell or rent your personal information to third parties for their marketing purposes. Your personal information may be shared with agents or contractors of MOL-Instincts for the purpose of performing services or providing support for MOL-Instincts. We may combine your information with information we collect from other companies and use it to improve and personalize the MOL-Instincts Services, content and advertising. If you don't wish to receive communications from us or participate in our programs, simply cancel your account on the My Page> My Profile page of the MOL-Instincts website. When you access our website or content or use our application or the MOL-Instincts Services, we may place small data files called cookies or pixel tags on your computer or other device. We use these technologies to recognize you as a MOL-Instincts customer, customize the MOL-Instincts Services, content and advertising, measure promotional effectiveness, collect information about your computer or other access device to alleviate risk, help prevent fraud and promote trust and safety. You are free to disable our cookies on your computer, but doing so may interfere with your use of our website. If you have any questions please feel free to contact us.

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Are you interested in earning cash by utilizing your spare internet bandwidth? Pawns.app provides an opportunity to generate income through sharing and completing basic online tasks. This guide is designed for beginners. Will delve into how Pawns.app can be a choice for individuals looking to monetize their internet connection. From creating your account to maximizing your earnings, we'll walk you through the steps to start profiting from your assets. Pawns.app is a user platform that allows you to earn income by sharing idle internet bandwidth and participating in surveys. Registering on Pawns.app is simple accessible across devices. Has a low payout threshold. The platform prioritizes user privacy and security while offering payment options such as PayPal, Bitcoin and gift cards. Users can boost their earnings through Pawns.apps program well as engage in daily challenges and surveys tailored to their preferences. Known for its payment system and positive feedback from users, Pawns.app presents an opportunity for earning money online. Unlocking the Power of Your Online Presence; A Guide to Pawns.app Exploring the World of Pawns.app Pawns.app stands out as an platform that converts your digital skills into real earnings, within the digital marketplace. Unlike survey websites or volatile cryptocurrency markets Pawns.app tailors its tasks to match your interests and demographics offering a personalized and efficient way to earn Bitcoin. With its accessibility, Pawns.app ensures that individuals worldwide can take advantage of its opportunities. By providing two avenues for earning, such as completing surveys and sharing internet bandwidth, Pawns.app offers a versatile approach to generating income online. Signing up is quick and easy, allowing you to start earning in minutes. Experience the ease and effectiveness of using Pawns.app, where your assets work on your behalf. Through its user design, making money online has never been more straightforward or secure. Preparing Your Account for Success While starting with Pawns.app is simple, taking some steps can set you up for success in the long run. It's crucial to ensure that your internet connection is both stable and secure, as this forms the foundation for maximizing your earnings through the platform. Here is a simple guide to help you get started: Make sure your profile is filled out with current details. Link your payment option for smoother cashing out. Take some time to understand the terms of service to prevent any violations. Don't forget, the more effort you invest in setting up your account, the smoother your experience will be. It's about laying a foundation that allows you to earn without any glitches. After tuning your account, take a moment to explore the settings. Customize your sharing preferences based on your usage habits to ensure you optimize your idle internet usage without interrupting your own needs. Once these steps are done, you're on track to transform that unused bandwidth into a source of income. Getting Around the User-Friendly Interface Pawns.app prides itself on its user interface, making sure that transitioning from sign-up to cashing out is seamless. Navigating through the platform is effortless thanks to labels and an intuitive design that guides you every step of the way. Dashboard: Your hub displays earnings and bandwidth usage at a glance. Surveys: A section for earning opportunities through surveys. Settings: Where you can personalize your preferences and share limits. Support: quick access to assistance and FAQs for any questions or concerns. Remember, a user-friendly interface goes beyond appearance; it's also about functionality and effectiveness. Pawns.app covers all bases, ensuring that you can focus on earning more and spending time navigating the platform. The layout of the platform is crafted to reduce complexity and boost efficiency. Whether you're experienced in technology. Just starting out, Pawns.app offers a user-friendly and intuitive environment. Monetizing Bandwidth: How Pawns.app Operates The Inner Workings of Sharing Your Internet Capacity Pawns.app revolves around a yet clever idea: transforming your 'unused internet bandwidth' into a revenue stream. The process is uncomplicated. By installing Pawns.app on your device, you permit the platform to make use of the internet capacity that would otherwise remain idle. Here's a brief overview of how it functions: Install Pawns.app; download. Install the application on your device. Activate the app; keep the application active in the background to securely share your bandwidth. Generate income. As your bandwidth is utilized, you gather credits that can be exchanged for money. The appeal of Pawns.app lies in its operation in the background, requiring involvement from you once configured. Keep in mind that your earnings will vary based on factors such as the amount shared and demand in your location. Although it won't make you wealthy overnight, it offers a way to earn some income with little effort required. Boosting Earnings with Ease Generating income through Pawns.app doesn't have to be labor-intensive." The system is set up to generate income, enabling you to earn money without requiring much hands-on effort. This setup lets you carry on with your routines while Pawns.app taps into your internet capacity, transforming it into a consistent source of earnings. To maximize your platform benefits, keep these tips in mind: Explore ways to earn by participating in surveys and other offers. Stay engaged on the platform to seize opportunities. Regularly check for updates and new features that could boost your earnings. While passive income alone may not be substantial, combining earning methods can gradually increase your income. Realistic expectations are key. Passive income is a supplement, not a replacement, for a full-time job. It can still add value with minimal effort. Ensuring security and privacy Security and privacy are paramount when earning online. Pawns.app prioritizes safeguarding your data while you share bandwidth, protecting it from unauthorized access. When engaging in surveys and quests, be mindful of the information you disclose. Pawns.app follows data privacy policies to secure any details required. However, staying alert is always advisable. Here are some suggestions to ensure the security of your data: Create distinct passwords for your Pawns.app profile. Stay alert for phishing scams and questionable links. Periodically check your account activity for any irregularities. Always prioritize your safety, as Pawns.app is dedicated to maintaining top-notch security measures to promote a platform for all users. Diversifying Your Online Income with Pawns.app Exploring Surveys and Challenges for Money Apart from the income options available through sharing your unused bandwidth, Pawns.app also offers a way to actively increase your earnings by taking surveys and completing challenges. These features on the "Get Paid To site" allow you to participate in activities that can boost your wallet significantly. Surveys are a way to make money, often requiring a few minutes of your time. They can range from opinion polls to in-depth market research studies. While surveys offer a way to earn cash, the "earning challenges" provide an exciting path. These tasks are designed to be interactive. Can range from challenges to long-term goals, each offering its own rewards. Here's an overview of what you can expect: Surveys are short and rewarding, with earnings accumulating gradually over time. Challenges; interactive. They may demand more effort, but they also come with higher payouts. Remember, consistency is crucial. The more you engage the more you stand to earn.. With its user interface Pawns.app makes it simple for you to monitor your progress and earnings. Utilizing the Referral Program Pawns.apps "The referral program” is an opportunity to increase your earnings by sharing the platform with your friends and family. Whenever someone signs up through your link you'll get a bonus and the more people you refer the more you can earn.It's a situation where you can help others explore a method to make money from their internet connection while also getting rewarded yourself. The referral program stands out for its simplicity. The chance to earn income. As your referrals start making money you'll reap the benefits effortlessly. Get acquainted with the details of the Pawns.app referral program. Share your link on social media via email or, in direct messages. Encourage your friends to sign up and start earning. Keep track of your bonuses. Witness your earnings increase. Remember successful referrals come from sharing your excitement about Pawns.app while being honest about its advantages. Happy referring! Cashing Out; Exploring Payment Options When its time to convert your earnings into cash Pawns.app simplifies the process, for you. With a payout threshold, you won't have to wait to enjoy the rewards of your digital efforts. Here's a brief overview of how you can collect your deserved earnings: Payment methods: Pawns.app provides options for receiving your funds. You have the option to select from PayPal, Bitcoin, gift cards, or other payment methods based on your preferences. Secure payment system: Rest assured that Pawns.app employs a payment system to safeguard your information through strong security protocols. It's important to note that the payment method you choose can impact the speed at which you receive your funds. Certain methods may provide access, while others might require a few days for processing. Every payment option has its advantages and drawbacks. Choosing Bitcoin could be wise for those in investments or cryptocurrency transactions. Conversely, gift cards are ideal for shopping at stores. Real People, Authentic Feedback: What Users Are Sharing About Pawns.app Positive experiences and reviews There's been a lot of talk about Pawns.app lately. It's more than chatter. Users are genuinely seeing the benefits of converting their idle bandwidth into a source of income. Many have expressed how Pawns.app has become a side gig, supplementing their earnings without requiring constant attention. Here's a glimpse of what users are expressing: "Pawns.app is surprisingly user-friendly, and the earnings are steady!" "I appreciate being able to earn money while I'm asleep." "The referral program is a gem. It's incredible how fast my earnings increased after inviting friends!" The user-friendly nature of the platform means that anyone with an internet connection can start earning without any expertise. This inclusivity has resonated with users. While individual earnings may differ, there's an agreement that Pawns.app provides an opportunity to monetize something that would otherwise be unused. The platform's emphasis on user privacy and security is frequently mentioned in conversations, offering reassurance to those who may have concerns about sharing their resources. Frequently Asked Questions Addressed When it comes to maximizing the benefits of Pawns.app, users often have queries. Many people often wonder about the authenticity and money-making opportunities associated with "Pawns.app surveys." You can trust that these surveys offer an avenue to earn some income by sharing your valuable opinions with market researchers. Pawns.app focuses on sharing bandwidth at its core, while the surveys offer a way to earn income that requires more active involvement but can significantly boost your earnings. Here's a brief overview of what you can anticipate with Pawns.app surveys: Accessibility: Surveys are easily accessible within the platform. Diversity: A wide range of topics is available, allowing you to select surveys that pique your interest. Flexibility: surveys at your convenience, integrating them into your schedule. To maximize your earnings, it's essential to remain engaged and participate in all aspects of the platform. By combining sharing with survey participation, you diversify your income sources. Make the most of your online time. Valuable Insights from Experienced Users Exploring Pawns.app may feel both thrilling and slightly daunting. However, fret not, as experienced users have shared some advice to guide you through. Here's a condensed list of their recommendations: Stay connected. The more time you spend online, the more you can earn—it's as straightforward as that. Optimize your internet plan. If you have a data limit, consider upgrading to a plan to maximize your earning potential. Don't forget to keep your Pawns.app updated to benefit from the performance enhancements and potential earnings boosts. Maintaining a network connection is crucial for avoiding interruptions and maximizing your earnings. In the world of sharing, patience is key. Remember, success doesn't happen overnight, so stay committed for the haul. It's all about progress, not wins. Make sure to interact with the community. There are lots of users who're keen to share their tips and experiences, which can be really helpful when you're trying to increase your earnings. Enjoy connecting! Maximizing Your Earnings with Pawns.app: Expert Strategies for Boosting Profits Fine-tune Your Internet Sharing Preferences To effectively increase your earnings through internet sharing, it's essential to adjust your sharing preferences. Pawns.app provides features to help you make the most of your spare bandwidth while ensuring that your personal internet usage is not compromised. Here's how you can enhance your settings to optimize your profits: Give priority to your internet usage to guarantee that your personal or work-related online activities are not disrupted. Establish a limit for Pawns.app to utilize, enabling you to regulate the amount of internet shared. Schedule sharing periods during times when you are not actively using the internet, such as overnight or during working hours. By managing these settings, you can strike a balance that maximizes your earnings while preserving the quality of your experience. Remember, the objective is to leverage your internet connection for gain when it's idle. Monitor your earnings and fine-tune settings on the Pawns.app dashboard as necessary to optimize income generation. Harnessing the Potential of Pawns.app in Conjunction with Income Streams When aiming to boost your online revenue streams, integrating Pawns.app into your earning portfolio can significantly enhance your performance. By operating in the background, it enables you to make money from your bandwidth without interfering with other income-generating tasks. Here's a way to effectively blend Pawns.app with other platforms: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending: While Pawns.app operates in the background, you can actively invest in P2P lending platforms to receive interest payments. Skill-Based Tasks: Look for platforms that offer tasks that match your skills and expertise, complementing the income from Pawns.app. Active Participation: Take part in surveys, watch ads, or play games on platforms to earn actively, while Pawns.app contributes to your income passively. Remember, the key is to strike a balance that suits you. Not every platform will align with your lifestyle or financial goals. It's important to choose and avoid overwhelming yourself. By diversifying your online earning approaches, you do not boost your earning potential. Also, establish a more secure and robust financial foundation for yourself. Keep exploring and integrating platforms to discover the mix that maximizes your earnings with minimal extra effort. Staying Updated: Latest News and Features In the changing landscape of earnings, keeping up with the newest updates and features is essential for optimizing your income. Pawns.app consistently introduces tools and features aimed at improving your earnings experience. Make sure you're making the most of every chance by doing the following: Sign up for the Pawns.app newsletter to get information and updates. Stay connected with Pawns.app on social media channels, where they regularly post advice and updates. Engage in forums or communities to share thoughts and ideas with users. By staying updated on the developments on Pawns.app, you can adjust your strategies in time, ensuring you stay ahead of the game when it comes to earning. Keep in mind that the earning scene is constantly changing, so what was effective yesterday may not work well today. Make sure to check out the 'What's New' section in the app and be open to trying out features. They could be just what you need to boost your earnings significantly. Boost your earnings with Pawns.app by utilizing our expert tips tailored to increase your income. Whether it's completing quests and surveys or sharing your bandwidth, there are plenty of opportunities waiting for you. Don't overlook the chance to invite friends along for the ride and earn more! Are you ready to elevate your earning potential?Head over to our website and sign up. Explore all the income-generating methods at your disposal. Embrace a user-friendly approach to making money with Pawns.app! Concluding Thoughts: Pawns.app as Your Side Gig Partner In this era where data holds value, Pawns.app shines as a guiding light for individuals seeking to capitalize on their unused internet capacity. This guide for beginners has detailed the process of transforming an overlooked asset—your internet connection—into a reliable source of extra income. With its easy-to-use interface, payout threshold, and various payment methods, Pawns.app isn't just a platform; it's an opportunity waiting for anyone with a dependable internet connection. Whether you aim to boost your earnings, save up for something, or explore the economy firsthand, Pawns.app provides a secure and straightforward entry into the realm of online income generation. So why not make the most of your bandwidth? Embrace the future of earning potential with Pawns.app and start boosting your finances during your time. Frequently Asked Questions What is Pawns.app, and how can it assist me in making money? Pawns.app functions as a GPT (Get Paid To) platform that enables individuals to earn money by sharing their internet bandwidth and completing tasks like surveys. It serves as an income opportunity that's simple to set up and utilize, providing an easy method to monetize your internet connection during your free time. Is Pawns.app accessible globally on devices? Indeed, Pawns.app is globally accessible and compatible with devices such as Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, CLI, and Docker. This broad compatibility ensures that individuals worldwide have the opportunity to earn money online. What payment methods are accepted on Pawns.app? What is the minimum payout threshold? Pawns.app offers payment options including PayPal, Bitcoin, Visa gift cards, and Amazon gift cards. The minimum payout threshold stands at USD $5, allowing users to easily withdraw their earnings. How does the referral system function on Pawns.app? The referral program on Pawns.app provides an opportunity for users to augment their income by inviting friends to join the platform. Upon the sign-up of your referrals who start earning through the platform, you receive a bonus that adds to your earnings. Is it safe to share my internet bandwidth on Pawns.app? Pawns.app has put in place security measures to safeguard the privacy and safety of its users when they share their internet bandwidth. The platform is built with security in mind to keep your information protected. Is it possible to integrate Pawns.app with platforms for earning money? Certainly! You can maximize your earnings by integrating Pawns.app with earning platforms. Pawns.app offers an opportunity for income through sharing, enabling it to operate in the background while you actively participate on other platforms.

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Are you looking to find the best stocks on the market under $10 that have great upside potential? Take a look as we have chosen 7 stock picks under $10 that investors should consider to buy into in 2021. As 2021 is officially underway and has kicked off to a challenging yet somewhat rewarding start, many investors are looking to change up their portfolio collection if not already done so, by looking to add to the mix one or more of the cheaper stocks that can offer great upside potential. The market has hit new highs already in 2021 with the Dow Jones Industrial Average who is home to 30 of the top U.S companies reached over 33,000 in March 2021 for the first time ever. The leading S&P 500 Index has also witnessed new highs as it rose up by 1.7% at the end of March bringing its gains to 5.8% in 2021 so far. Even the smaller indexes such as the Russell 2000 Index rose by 1.3% over the year. Although many investors believe that cheap stocks or penny stocks which these companies are more commonly referred to as if they priced $5 or under are risky business, they wouldn’t be wrong. But there are exceptions to every rule and these stocks offer great growth prospects alongside other additional benefits if these stocks perform, and especially when you buy in on these stocks at the right time. It all comes down to knowing the ins and outs and using both your time and knowledge wisely when looking to invest in these stocks to ultimately become successful. If penny stocks are of interest be sure to read What Are The Top Stocks To Buy Under $5 here you will be able to find the best penny stocks priced at $5 and under that have the potential to grow over the coming years and can seek to add good value to your collection. Having said that, now let’s take a look at 7 of the best stocks under $10 on the market today that are looking like great buys for 2021 as the world edges closer to post-pandemic operations. 7 Best Stock Picks Under $10: - Five star senior living (FVE) - Annaly Capital Management (NLY) - Kinross Gold Corporation (KGC) - Sirius XM (SIRI) - Zynga (ZNGA) - Amarin Corporation (AMRN) - FAT Brands (FAT) Stocks under $10 often show more volatility when compared to stocks with higher market cap. If you’re looking to take advantage of the market fluctuation, stocks under $10 can provide you with a great balance of volatility and stability in the long term. Here are 7 of the best stocks under $10 that investors should consider buying into today. 1. Five star senior living (FVE) Five star senior living Inc (FVE) is an American company that operates and manages senior living communities within the United States. The effective lifestyle community that has a market capitalisation of $203.70 million offers a healthy, comfortable and enjoyable lifestyle and is spread across 33 states with over 260 homes to date. This stock is vastly becoming a small cap stock that many investors are keeping an eye on or potentially looking to invest into looking to a post-covid-19 world. Within the company's latest annual report ending on 31st December 2020, the home stock managed to deliver a reasonable revenue result of $1,167 million, a slight decline from 2019 of $1,415 million due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. But on a positive note the stock confirmed a net loss of $7.5 million, a great result in comparison to 2019’s net loss of $20 million. This news is positive for the stock as it confirms that although the company has been hit hard due to a hold off on move-ins across all homes within the US, the stock has confirmed improvement within its March report advising that as of February 2021 sales for the rolling four weeks have increased by 87% at the start of Q4. The companies reconstructing with Diversified Healthcare Trust also had a great positive effect on the stocks financial position giving it stability to focus on new growth projects looking ahead. As the rollout of the Covid-19 vaccine has exceeded expectations with almost 90% of team members and clients vaccinated with second doses, this is pushing the stock to grow closer into positive territory by enabling transactions to take place as healthcare analysts are predicting the stock to break even over the course of 2021. The stock currently holds a ‘Strong Buy’ rating given by one Wall Street analyst who is covering the stock with a 12-month price forecast target of $8.50, also being its high target and a low target of $3.00. From where the stock sits on the market today at $6.53 this is a potential 30.16% upside from its forecast high price target given. As the stock has appreciated just under 20% over the past year and currently holds a P/E ratio of 2.25, the stock is pulling through these challenging times with showing clear signs of moving forward. This confirms that this medical stock is a stock that investors may wish to strongly consider in 2021. 2. Annaly Capital Management (NLY) One of the largest mortgage real estate investment funds in the world comes in as almost one of the cheapest real estate investment funds to purchase on the market today. The company seeks to borrow money via short-term repurchase agreements and looks to reinvest in asset-backed securities which mainly consist of mortgage-back securities. Within recent days this stock like many other real estate stocks on the market have had to divert or come up with additional ways to look to adapt to change and continue their growth plans, as the U.S government have recently reduced their footprint of limiting guarantees for investment properties. NLY issued their progress report on March 25th confirming that the stock has announced an agreement to sell its commercial real estate business which heavily entails loan assets, equity interests and commercial mortgage-backed securities to Slate Asset Management for $2.33 billion. The sale of this large side of the business is designed to deliver execution for shareholders along with enabling NLY to expand operational capabilities across all avenues of the residential mortgage finance market. Despite the challenges that the stock has already had to face over the past year, this step forward to sell its commercial side of the business should prove to be a strong push for the company to innovate into the residential world stronger than ever before. Over 2020 one clear area where NLY stock did deliver well was with its dividends. The stock confirmed that it delivered $1.4 billion dividends to its shareholders reflecting a positive return. Other positives taken from the stocks Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Results include Total assets calculating to $101.6 billion, increased hedge credit ratio up to 61% and credit business performed well despite the challenges over 2020. The stock also confirmed record-low financing costs with a declining 166 basis points to 0.51% coming from the back of the company repurchasing $209 million of common stock in 2020. Analysts are being generous on NLY stock giving a consensus ‘Strong Buy’ rating based on 4 recommendations which include JP Morgan Secur and Jefferies & Co. A 12-month price target forecast has also been given with an average price target of $9 with a high price target of $9.5 and a low price target being $8.5 from where the stock currently sits at $8.66 today. As for the future of NLY, capital management remains the stocks main focus as the company aims to keep a glowing outlook with creating value and continuing to maintain stability as confirmed by CEO and Chief Investment Officer David Finkelstein. “We will continue to create value for our shareholders wherever possible and believe our stable and attractive yield and current valuation discount provide a compelling investment opportunity.” With a strong $2.3 billion free cash flow position, the stocks innovating plans moving forward and its strong double-digit dividend yield, leads to confirmation that this real estate stock is a good buy today. If you are an investor who is looking to add a new challenge and potential value to their portfolio, this stock could be a great addition. 3. Kinross Gold Corporation (KGC) In challenging times many investors look to seek to invest in the timeless product of gold. The Canadian-based gold and silver mining company has been on investors radar for many years as it currently operates eight active gold mines located across the U.S, South America, Russia and the Middle East. Today the company is a ‘Hot stock pick’ for investors based on how well the company has been performing over recent months and the full-year outlook. Not only that, interest rates are sitting at historic lows and other added effects could potentially see a decrease within the U.S dollar, which will inevitably potentially see gold increase in demand and an intern increase the price of gold. With a market capitalisation of $8.96 billion to date, this stock also met its guidance for its ninth year in a row and topped it off with a delivered new record free cash flow of over $1 billion from its diverse portfolio, as confirmed in the company’s excellent Fourth Quarter and Full Year Fiscal 2020 results. The company delivered 2.37 million gold ounces in 2020 slightly down from 2019, with a confirmed figure of 2.51 million gold ounces. The stocks largest operational mines produced the most of the total ounces with Tasiast being the biggest performer yet held the lowest costs for the second year running. Due to the stock's performance over 2020, KGC’s balance sheet is sitting strong as the stock confirmed a record all-time high of $1.04 billion in free cash flow. Whilst the stock more than doubled its Adjusted net earnings to more than $970 million and increased margins by 53% to $1,051 per ounce. The stock also introduced a dividend to return to shareholders overall strengthening the stocks financial position. On the subject of the stock's financial positioning, it is also worth noting that the company does hold a high level of debt currently standing at $1.9 billion in 2020. But the company aims to push down that debt significantly as it was confirmed that the stock is looking to pay $500 million off the total debt bill at the end of 2021. With all these positives coming to light and debt levels being reduced significantly as the stock continues to build cash and cash equivalents, this stock is in line to be in the positive by the end of 2021. The company’s production plans are also strong as KGC confirmed the construction on Fort Knox has now been completed adding to the mix creating a stronger outlook for this mining stock. All of the positive outcomes have enabled KGC to give a 2021 forecast guidance of a 5% growth which includes 2.4 million ounces in gold and 4.0 million ounces in silver. Over the coming years outlook the stock is looking at a 20% growth increase of 2.9 million ounces leading to 2023 and on average produce 2.5 million ounces in gold continually leading to 2029. This stock holds a ‘Strong Buy’ rating given by 8 analysts covering the stock. With a 12-month average price target of $10.34 with a high price target of $12.73 and a low price target of $6.67. The stock holds a forward price-to-earnings ratio of 9 giving it a slight overvalued outlook, nonetheless this P/E confirms that this stock has the potential to deliver in value as we look to 2021 and beyond. At $7.05 this gold stock under $10 is one of the best stock to consider adding to your collection. 4. Sirius XM Holdings (SIRI) The American broadcasting company Sirius XM Holdings Inc (SIRI) is the U.S market leader within the satellite world and also offers online radio services that operate within the U.S. This stock has also been given the nod from billionaire investor Warren Buffett, who has owned shares within this stock for many years and reportedly currently owns 50,000,00 shares, making Buffett one of the largest owners of SIRI stock to date. The stocks merger in 2008 is where the company’s success story officially began, along with its merger with streaming music service Pandora in 2018. This led Sirius XM to be confirmed as one of the largest audio entertainment companies within North America. Despite the challenges that the pandemic brought to the entertaining stock as the company witnessed a decline at the start of 2020 it still managed to deliver as the year moved on. It was confirmed that the combination of SiriusXM, Pandora, Stitcher and its participation with SoundCloud combined reached an audience of over 150 million people in 2020. In addition, SiriusXM self-pay net subscriber additions hit 909,000 over 2020 adding to the stocks $8.04 billion revenue in 2020 a 3.3% increase from 2019. The company also confirmed that Adjusted EBITDA grew to a new high of $2.58 billion in 2020 a 6% increase from 2019. When you compare SIRI stock to the likes of its bigger competitors such as Spotify Technologies SA (SPOT), SIRI stock sits at a more affordable price of $6.30 holding a 52-week range high of $8.14 and a low of $4.41 and holds potential high value and growth prospects. Especially as we move on and the world slowly seeks to open up and more vehicles start hitting the roads, the stocks new generation in-car entertainment platform 360L is set to increase by 80% over the year adding to the stocks the 2021 guidance Total Revenue of $8.35 billion. Based on 5 analysts who are covering the stock have issued a consensus ‘Strong Buy’ rating for the broadcasting company, as its forecast that earnings are expected to grow over 20% over the year. The average price target given for the stock is $6.96 with a high price target of $8 and a low price target of $5. The world is drawn into streaming more so than ever before which will no doubt continue to be the case looking moving forward. The stock is also a solid investment for billionaire investor Warren Buffett, which alone makes this stock one that has the cutting-edge over other streaming stocks providing it to be a good buy for investors in 2021. 5. Zynga (ZNGA) Although this stock is slightly priced above the $10 price mark Zynga Inc (ZNGA) had to make the list as a stock to buy at $10 in 2021. The American game developer that is best known for its game Farmville operational on the social media platform Facebook, reached impressive highs in its early operational days to almost 10 million active daily users per day. Since the stock's success story over Farmville, ZNGA has now moved its attention to develop other games primarily designed for mobile devices and Nintendo Switch, leading the stock to hold the title as the largest mobile gaming company based on market share. The news of the stocks recent plans came as the stock acquired Peak a Turkish gaming developer in the company's biggest ever deal of $1.8 billion in 2020 to expand the stocks growth and development aspects. The stocks impressive Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Results benefitted impressively from the unpredicted year. As ZNGA reached new quarterly highs in revenue reaching $616 million, a 52% increase YoY and quarterly bookings reached $699 million, a 61% increase YoY. This was pushed on heavily from the stocks Words with friends and helped surpass the stocks expected guidance. Other games such as Harry Potter: Puzzles and Spells has also been a hit over the course of the year as the game enables interaction amongst players, pushing the stock to achieving its record highest quarterly operating cash flow operations of $206 million, an impressive 119% YoY increase. The news of the company’s strong Q4 went hand-in-hand with the stocks record year in 2020 as revenue hit a new all-time high of $1.97 billion, a rise of 49% YoY. And a new high for the stocks bookings performances with an increase of 45% rise to $2.27 billion. User pay revenue, Advertising revenue and International revenue all hit new record highs. After a record-beating year for the gaming developer, the stock has issued their guidance for 2021 who are seeking to maintain their good runnings. ZGNA expects to deliver $2.6 billion in revenue, a 32% increase YoY with bookings expected to reach $2.8 billion, a 23% increase YoY. Along with the solid focus of double-digit growth over 2021 and progress on their long-term operating margin goals, these remain the stocks main focus points over the coming years. 7 analysts who are covering the stock are also strongly optimistic that the company has great potential and has given a consensus ‘Strong Buy’ rating with an average price target of $13.3 with a high price target of $15 and a low price target of $9. The stock currently holds a forward P/E ratio of 46.35, currently holding up on the high side with a share price of $10.66. But if you jump in on this stock when the price is right, this stock is certainly one that is expected to grow significantly well over the coming years. 6. Amarin Corporation (AMRN) The Irish-American pharmaceutical stock Amarin Corp Inc (AMRN) made the list as a stock that has a potential strong upside looking ahead. One of the smaller pharmaceutical companies on the market today who holds a market capitalisation of $2.55 billion, has only one major product on the market at present. VASCEPA is the stocks leading product that came to the market in 2013 and has since been FDA approved and approved by the European Commission as of 2021. The drug is designed to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attacks from current medication used to treat cardiovascular disease. Following the news that the drug has passed approval to be distributed within the European Union, this witnessed the stock jump up by 5% confirming this news as a huge positive for the stock. And the good news doesn't end there as evidenced within the companies Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Results the stock hit a new record high within the US led by increased demand of Vascepa led to a 43% rise in revenue to $614.1 million in 2020, with Q4 revenue increasing by 17% to $167.3 million YoY. Additionally this stock is not just sticking to the US and European markets, AMRN is also aiming for approval to be granted within Asia in 2021 broadening this stocks horizons for great growth worldwide. The company sits in one of the healthiest financial positions than most of the stocks on this list as the company has zero debt and was sitting on a total cash and investments sum of $563.4 million at the end of 2020. Both analysts and investors are being bullish on the stock as forecasts are set that could see the stock having a potential upside of almost 225% within its shares, with Wall Street analysts giving the stock a price target of $21.00 up from $6.50 today. The stock currently holds a 52-week range of $3.36 at its lowest and $9.25 at its highest. There are many positives to take away from this pharmaceutical company. But the main one factor being the approval of the stocks leading drug Vascepa into Europe. Europe has confirmed that the market opportunity for this product is not only needed but it is huge, as there are currently around 80 million people who are suffering from cardiovascular disease within the EU. If you are an investor that is looking for a cheaper long-term stock with an attractive P/S ratio of just above 3, along with offering fantastic growth prospects spanning over many years, then you don't want to miss this opportunity to invest in AMRN stock as it could be the glowing long-term stock that you have been waiting for. 7. FAT Brands (FAT) The American restaurant franchising company comes in last on the list of stocks to buy under $10. As all companies big and small have felt some impact brought on due to the ongoing pandemic over the past year, FAT Brands Inc (FAT) was no exception yet still proved it has what it takes to survive during challenging times as it bounced back from its March 2020 low of 1.91 to where it sits today at 8.27. In 2020 FAT took the time to reflect and assess how to grow and place the stock in a good position looking ahead by continuing construction on new restaurant premises worldwide and continuing their equestrian plans. On this note, it was confirmed in August 2020 FAT acquired the popular worldwide American food franchise Johnny Rockets for $25 million. This is a huge avenue to pump up the company's sales and revenue figures and shown by almost doubling the stocks financials back in September 2020. The stock currently franchises over 679 units worldwide and is growing with the opening of 29 new franchise restaurants in Q4 adding to the company's previous achievements. Yet it doesn't look like FAT stock is stopping there, as the company have confirmed that moving forward they are looking to further acquire brands of interest to create strong organic growth. Despite restaurant closures and limited capacity restrictions set across all restaurants worldwide, FAT managed to gain improvement within the Fourth Quarter. Revenue increased to $6.5 million an increase of 24% from 2019. System-wide sales growth was also strong for the company despite challenges as they confirmed good results and showed clear signs of improvement pushing ahead into the post-lockdown world. Realistically mid-to late 2021 leading to 2022 and beyond is when this stock will benefit hugely from consumer demand. As tourism and international travel once again becomes the norm, increasing sales worldwide along with the stock's firm growth plans makes FAT stock a good stock that could continue to appreciate nicely looking ahead. As you can see despite the stock market having a successful run over the past year with stocks reaching new highs, there are plenty of hidden gem penny stocks that are sitting at attractive prices that investors should not overlook. Whether it be for the long-term or the short-term outlook you opt to choose from, all of these chosen 7 stocks under $10 are great additions. Although you will benefit more by holding these stocks for a longer duration (more than one year) as they are able to continue to establish their growth plans. If you are a new investor looking to enter the stock trading world Zynga Inc (ZYNA) could be a great addition as this stock has the potential to deliver an upside of 22% and is looking to grow well with new gaming adventures over 2021 and the coming years. Alternatively, if you are an experienced investor perhaps gold is an avenue you may wish to add to your collection. Kinross Gold Corporation (KGC) is one of the largest and one of the most attractive gold stocks on the market today with its delivered results, its attractive dividend and solid construction plans ahead. A gentle reminder before you seek to invest in any investment is to conduct additional research into your chosen stocks before jumping straight in. Take the time to look over each stock's key fundamentals along with sounding out any risk elements that are present. This is especially said for investors who are seeking to invest in smaller cap stocks as these investments hold stronger risk elements higher than any other form of investing available on the market today. eToro - Best Online Broker for Stocks under $10 eToro have proven themselves trustworthy within the stock market over many years – we recommend you try them out. Your capital is at risk. Other fees may apply

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Sale information - L'AVENTURE PEUGEOT CITROËN DS • LA VENTE OFFICIELLE L'AVENTURE PEUGEOT CITROËN DS • LA VENTE OFFICIELLE Automobiles de collection, 15h Exposition publique : Vendredi 21 octobre : 14h - 19h Samedi 22 octobre : 10h - 19h Dimanche 23 octobre : 9h - 12h Directeur de département : +33 (0)1 47 45 93 01 +33 (0)6 16 91 42 28 +33 (0)1 47 45 93 01 +33 (0)7 60 78 10 18 +33 (0)4 37 24 24 23 +33 (0)6 68 36 26 22 Raphaël de Serres +33 (0)6 07 18 64 83 Sales conditions - L'AVENTURE PEUGEOT CITROËN DS • LA VENTE OFFICIELLE SAS AGUTTES (“AGUTTES”) is an operator of voluntary public auctions, declared to the Voluntary Sales Board and governed by Articles L.321-4 et seq. of the French Commercial Code. In this capacity AGUTTES acts as agent of the seller who contracts with the auction These General Terms and Conditions of Sale (“GTC”) govern the relationship between AGUTTES and bidders for public auctions and negotiated sales organised by AGUTTES. AGUTTES may modify the GTC in writing or orally prior to the sale of the lot. These modifications will be mentioned in the report of the sale. I - THE PROPERTY OFFERED FOR SALE Description of lots: The indications given in the catalogue are the responsibility of AGUTTES and its expert, subject to the provisions mentioned below. Only indications in French are binding on AGUTTES to the exclusion of translations, which are free. They may be modified or corrected until the time of the sale in writing or orally. These modifications shall be recorded in the report of the sale, which shall have probative force. No other guarantee is given by AGUTTES, it being recalled that only the seller shall be bound by the guarantee against hidden defects and the legal guarantee of conformity. A certificate of authenticity of the lot will only be available if mentioned in the description of the lot. The dimensions, weights and other information (state, mileage, etc.) of the lots are given as an indication with a reasonable margin of error. For administrative reasons, the designations of the vehicles (model, type, year, etc.) include, unless otherwise stated, the information on the registration certificates. Restorations carried out as a precautionary measure, not altering the age and style characteristics, and not making any change to the specific nature of the lot, will not be mentioned in the description. The absence of any indication of restoration, accident or incident in the catalogue or reports shall in no way imply that the vehicle is free from any defect present, past or repaired. Conversely, the mention of any defect does not imply the absence of other defects. The particular information in the catalogue has the following + Lots forming part of a court-ordered sale following an order of the Court of Justice, fees and expenses: 14.40% incl. tax; ° Lots, in which AGUTTES or one of its partners has financial interests; * Temporary import lots: and subject to a fee of 5.5% for books and “collection cars” or 20% for cars other than “collection car” and multiples (e.g. F1 casks), to be borne by the buyer in addition to the selling costs and the auction price, unless the buyer is outside the EU; ¤ Goods sold under the general VAT regime (for the total); # Lots visible only by appointment; ~ Lots made from materials from animal species. Import restrictions are to be provided for. Condition of lots: The lots are sold in the condition in which they are found at the time of sale with their imperfections and defects. Since lots are second-hand goods, no guarantee can be given on the condition thereof. It is specified that the condition of an automobile may vary between the time of its description in the catalogue, that of its presentation for sale and until the auction winner takes possession of the lot. References to the condition of a lot in a catalogue or condition report may not be considered as an exhaustive description of the condition of said lot. They may not under any circumstances replace the personal examination of the lot as indicated below. Condition reports will be sent upon request and for information purposes. Vehicles may be sold without technical inspection due to age, non-running condition or competition character. Vehicles from abroad are presented without French technical control. The offered vehicles are from a time when safety conditions and performance were lower than today. High caution is recommended to buyers during the first takeover. It is particularly recommended, prior to any use, to carry out a restart and to carry out all the checks necessary for the proper functioning of the vehicle (oil level, tire pressure, etc.). Lot exposure: Potential bidders are invited to personally examine the lots and documents available for each vehicle (registration certificate, technical inspection, etc.) prior to sale at a private meeting or public display prior to sale in order to check the condition of the vehicle. Buyers are advised to be accompanied by an automotive professional. Reproduction of lots: Not all defects and imperfections of the batches are visible on the photographs of the batches reproduced in the catalogues, online or on any communication medium. Photographs may not give a fully faithful image of the actual condition of a lot and may differ from what a direct observer will receive (size, colour, etc.). Estimates: The estimates are based on the state of technical knowledge on the day of the estimate, the quality of the lot, its origin, condition and the market price on the day of the estimate. They are provided for information purposes only and cannot be considered as a guarantee that the lot will be sold at the estimated price. II - THE SALE Registration for sale: Important: the normal and priority method to bid is to be present in the sales room. As a service, other modes are possible that require prior registration: - By telephone: AGUTTES accepts, free of charge, to receive bids by telephone only for bidders who reported before 6 p.m., on the last business day before the sale. The potential bidder must have received a prior confirmation email from AGUTTES to be called. - By purchase order : Any person previously registered and wishing to bid will have the option to request the registration of purchase orders from AGUTTES on their behalf. The order must have been communicated in writing before 6 p.m. on the last business day before the sale, and the bidder must have received a confirmation email from AGUTTES to be called. No unlimited order will be accepted. If AGUTTES receives multiple purchase orders for identical auction amounts, the oldest order will be selected. - Online via Live platforms: The possibility of online auctions is offered on technical platforms allowing remote participation in auctions electronically, upon prior registration. The purchaser via the Live platforms is informed that the fees charged by these platforms will be borne exclusively by it. Participation in the auction by telephone, internet or order is carried out at the risk and peril of the bidder, AGUTTES cannot be held liable in the event of nonparticipation of the auction bidder for any reason whatsoever, particularly in the event of malfunction or failure to perform (no response from the bidder, error, interruption or omission in the reception of bids). In the event of malfunction or interruption of the telephone or live service, the auction may be continued by AGUTTES. Procedure for identifying bidders: AGUTTES reserves the right to ask any potential bidder to prove its identity and for a legal entity, a Kbis extract less than three months old, it being specified that only the legal representative of the company or any duly authorised person may bid for and its bank details. In the event of non-compliance with the identification procedures, AGUTTES reserves the right to refuse its registration for the auction. All lots sold will be invoiced in the name and address of the registration slip. No subsequent modification may be made. The bidder is deemed to act in its own name and will be solely responsible for the auction brought unless it is informed beforehand of its capacity as agent under the conditions indicated below. Any false indication shall incur the liability of the auction winner. Mandate by a third party: The bidder with a mandate must inform AGUTTES during the identification and registration procedure and produce a copy of the mandate and any other documents requested by AGUTTES. In such a case, the bidder and the principal shall be jointly and severally liable. Sales management: AGUTTES will manage the sale on a discretionary basis, ensuring the freedom of bidders and equality between all bidders, while respecting the practices established by the profession. Awarding: The highest and the last bidder will be the auction winner, with all accepted means combined (order, internet, telephone, onsite, etc.). The awarding is evidenced by the pronouncement of the word “Sold”, which forms the sale agreement between the seller and the auction winner. Each lot is identified with a number corresponding to the number assigned to it in the sales catalogue. It is forbidden for sellers to bid directly on the lots belonging to them. In the event of a simultaneous “double-auction” recognised by the auctioneer, the lot will be put back for sale, with all bidders present being able to participate in this second auction. Withdrawal: Each auction and bid is final and is binding on the auction winner, it being recalled that the auction winner may not withdraw either in the room, by telephone, online or on a purchase order. Transfer of risk and ownership: The transfer of ownership and risks between the seller and the auction winner takes place by the word «sold» by AGUTTES. AGUTTES disclaims all liability for losses and damages that the lots may suffer from the date of the award, with the auction winner having to insure the lots acquired as soon as the award III - COMPLETION OF THE SALE Sale commission: In addition to the auction price, the auction winner shall pay the buyer's fees, per lot, calculated as follows: - 16.667% excl. tax + VAT at the rate in force, i.e. 20% including tax up to €900,000 inclusive; - 12% excluding tax + VAT at the rates in force, i.e. 14.4% including tax on the tranche of the auction price greater than For Automobilia objects: 20% excl. tax + VAT at the rate in force i.e. 24% incl. tax In addition to the auction price and the buyer’s fees, the auction winner must pay all taxes and duties including VAT as well as any handling and storage costs. Payment of the sums due must be made “in cash” by the auction winner, as soon as the award is made. Payment is made in euros, excluding any bank fees. VAT: The VAT rate is 20% (or 5.5% for books). In principle, unmarked lots will be sold under the VAT on gross margin system. The purchase commission and overhead costs will be increased by an amount in lieu of VAT, which will not be separately mentioned in our slips. By way of exception, and at the request of the seller, the general VAT system may be applied for goods offered for sale by an EU professional at its request. These goods will be marked by the ¤ sign. Possible VAT refunds: 1- The professional of the European Union, (i) with an intra-Community VAT number and (ii) providing proof of the export of lots from France to another Member State; 2- Non-residents of the European Union on the supply of (i) a customs export document, on which AGUTTES appears as sender (ii) when the export occurs within two months of the auction date or the date of obtaining the export permit. Payment terms: Legal means of payment accepted by AGUTTES’ accounts (payments by credit card or wire transfer being strongly recommended): - Credit card: bank charges, which usually vary between 1 and 2%, are not borne by the firm; - American Express card: a commission of 2.95% including tax will be collected for all payments. Remote card payments and split payments in several instalments for the same lot with the same card are - Online payment up to €10,000 to https://www.aguttes.com/ - Bank transfer: from the buyer’s account and indicating the invoice Banque de Neuflize, 3 Avenue Hoche 75008 Account holder: AGUTTES Bank code 30788 – Sort code 00900 Account No. 02058690002 – RIB key 23 IBAN FR76 3078 8009 0002 0586 9000 223 - Cash: Articles L.112-6 and D.112-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code: (i) Up to €1,000 for French tax residents or persons acting for the purposes of a professional activity; (ii) Up to €15,000 for individuals who have their tax domicile abroad (upon presentation of passports and proof of address); - Cheque (as a last resort): Upon presentation of two identity documents. No time limit for cashing is accepted in the event of payment by cheque. Issuance will only be possible twenty days after payment. Foreign cheques are not accepted. Other obligations of the auction winner: The auction winner must carry out, under its responsibility and at its expense, all necessary formalities within the legal deadlines for the change of registration of the acquired vehicle. The auction winner must organise the transport of the acquired lot which will be carried out at its own risk and expense. Defaulting auction winner: In the absence of cash payment by the buyer, the property may be put back for sale upon reiteration of the auctions at the request of the seller in accordance with the procedure of Article L.32114 of the French Commercial Code. If the seller does not make this request within three months of the auction, the sale shall be automatically terminated. In all cases, the defaulting buyer, due to its failure to pay, shall pay - All costs and incidentals incurred by AGUTTES relating to the collection of unpaid invoices (including legal fees); - Late payment penalties calculated by applying interest rates at the statutory rate plus five points on all sums due; - Damages to compensate for the loss suffered by AGUTTES (purchase costs, fees and commissions, VAT, storage, etc.). AGUTTES reserves the right to: - Communicate the name and contact details of the defaulting buyer to the seller in order to enable the latter to assert its rights. - Exercise or have exercised all the rights and remedies, in particular the right of retention, over any property of the defaulting buyer, of which AGUTTES has custody; - Prohibit the defaulting auction winner from bidding in the next sales organised by AGUTTES or from making the possibility of tendering there subject to the payment of a prior provision. Lot collection and storage: A lot awarded may only be delivered to the buyer after full payment of the purchase slip, collected in the AGUTTES bank account. The lots will be delivered to the purchaser in person after presentation of any document proving his identity or to the third party appointed by him and to whom he has entrusted an original power of attorney and a copy of his identity document. The lot is collected at the auction winner’s expense only. Sale to the Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot: An email will be sent the day after the sale to each buyer to indicate the contact, place and amount to be paid to recover the vehicle. Vehicles are stored on the evening of sale in the Peugeot Museum. They may be withdrawn on business days by appointment from Tuesday following the date of the sale. The buyer shall pay, in addition to the sale amount and the costs, a flat rate of €250 excluding tax for the handling and storage of his vehicle. Beyond Friday, 4 November 2022, non-collected vehicles will be transported at the expense of the new owner (€1,000 excluding tax) in the Paris region. The daily parking cost will be €45 excluding tax per day, each day started being due, and will be paid when the vehicle is taken back, directly to the company responsible for storage. Resale of paid and non-collected lots: In the event that lots awarded and paid for during an auction have not been collected by the purchasers for more than one year, AGUTTES reserves the right to sell them. The storage, custody, and all other costs incurred by AGUTTES for the sale shall be deducted from the proceeds of such sale to the benefit of AGUTTES. The balance shall be deposited in a bank account provided for this purpose. IV - PRE-EMPTION RIGHT The French State may exercise a pre-emptive right on any public or private sale of cultural property. The State has a period of 15 days from the public sale to confirm the exercise of its pre-emptive right and subrogate itself to the buyer. V - EXPORT PERMIT French cars over 75 years old at the time of sale and for an amount greater than €50,000 are required to present an export permit if they leave the French territory and an export licence if they leave the European territory. These formalities take approximately three months for permits and one additional month for licences. AGUTTES cannot be held responsible for delays. No vehicle may be delivered without this document. Under no circumstances shall AGUTTES be liable for the refusal or delay of the administrative decision. The refusal to issue a certificate may not under any circumstances justify a failure or delay in payment by the buyer or a cancellation of the sale. VI - APPLICABLE LAW AND COMPETENT COURT Civil liability claims brought in connection with voluntary and judicial actions and sales of furniture at public auction are time-barred after five years from the award or takeover. French law alone governs the GTC. Any dispute relating to their existence, validity, performance and enforceability against any bidder having the capacity of trader shall be decided by the Commercial Court of Nanterre (France). In the event that the bidder or buyer is not a trader, this dispute shall be decided by the competent Court pursuant to the legal provisions. The Government Commissioner to the Council for voluntary sales of furniture by public auction may be mandated in writing in case of any difficulty with a view to reaching an amicable solution, if applicable. VII - PERSONAL DATA The bidders are informed that AGUTTES may collect and process data concerning them in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation no. 2016/679 of 27 April 2016 (GDPR) and the French Data Protection Act no. 78-17 of 6 January 1978 amended by Law No. 2018- 493 of 20 June 2018 on the protection of personal data. The data is collected for the purposes of managing their contractual or pre-contractual relations (registration for sale, invoicing, accounting, payments, communication, etc.). This data consists of information such as: surname, first names, postal address, email address, telephone number, bank details. Bidders are informed that they have a right of access, rectification, erasure, portability, opposition and limitation with regard to such data with AGUTTES. Requests must be made in writing to: communication@ aguttes.com. Any complaint about the applicable data protection legislation may be brought before the CNIL: www.cnil.fr. VIII - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AGUTTES is the owner of any right of reproduction of its catalogue. Any reproduction of the same is prohibited and constitutes an infringement. The sale of a lot does not in any way imply the assignment of any intellectual property rights applicable (representation and/or reproduction) to the work. Photographers of the sale: Antoine PASCAL, Arthur CHAMBRE, Kévin VAN KAMPENOUT, Baudouin JAGER, Loïc KERNEN, Raphaël IX - SPECIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1 - Mechanical and electrical objects The mechanical or electrical objects offered for sale by AGUTTES are exclusively offered for decorative purposes. As they represent used property, AGUTTES does not under any circumstances certify their operating condition. We recommend that buyers come to see the lots during their public exposure with an expert in this field, and to have the electrical or mechanical mechanism checked by a professional before any start-up. 2 - Protected plant and animal species Objects partially or entirely made up of materials from endangered and/or protected species of flora and fauna are marked by the symbol ~ in the catalogue. The legislator imposes strict rules for the commercial use of these materials, in particular with regard to ivory trade. Buyers are informed that the importation of any goods made up of these materials is prohibited by many countries, or require a permit or certificate issued by the competent authorities of the countries of export and import of the goods. The purchasers are fully responsible for the proper compliance with the regulatory and legislative standards applicable to the export or importation of goods composed in part or in full of materials originating from endangered and/or protected species. Under no circumstances shall AGUTTES be liable for the impossibility of exporting or importing such property, and this may not be used to justify a request for cancellation of the sale. If a customer feels that he or she has not received a satisfactory response, he or she is advised to contact the head of the relevant department directly, as a matter of priority. In the absence of a response within the specified time limit, the customer may then contact customer service at [email protected], which is attached to the Quality Department of SVV Aguttes.

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It was in September 2002 that I received the anointing described in the testimony that starts off this book. It took place nearly two months after God breathed His Spirit upon me in a quiet little church in a small Middle Eastern town as I stood before a beautiful picture of the mother of our Lord. I didn’t really comprehend either experience at the time that they happened, and I won’t pretend that I still understand them fully, but I knew that both events were life changing. And they, indeed, have been. I went from being a selfish, hate-filled, hedonistic unbeliever to a man who now determinedly tries to live a life pleasing to God. The change, however, was not instantaneous as some imagine it to be. I didn’t go from bad to good in one single giant leap when God’s Spirit touched me. Rather, I received the ability to make the change possible and an adviser to guide me through the process. This adviser, the Holy Spirit, whom God has breathed upon all Christians–I am not unique in any way–led me through a metamorphosis that was nothing short of amazing. And though it took a million little steps, rather than one huge leap to achieve it, I did change. And in the briefest time possible. The wonder was as much the speed with which the entire transformation took place as the systematic manner in which it did. I was, quite literally, educated into being good, and the process was as structured as a traditional educational system is. There were lessons I had to learn. They were rules I had to follow. They were levels I had to pass. About the only thing different from a normal system was that I had just one tutor instead of many, and He remained constant right through all the grades. The tutor, of course, was the Holy Spirit, and it is the manner and mode of His instruction that is the subject of this book. We are all familiar with how an educational system functions, so I have used the analogy of one here for ease in understanding how the Spirit works and how our spiritual growth takes place. I refer to this educational system as the School of the Holy Spirit. As with any school, the first step is getting admission into it. Being baptized in Christ is the only requirement for admission into this school, since it is in baptism that we receive the Holy Spirit–our teacher and guide. To graduate from this school, however, we need to grow in the Spirit and there are a few things necessary for this. First and foremost is a genuine desire to become more holy. I use the word ‘holy’ to mean trying to live a life pleasing to God in every possible way, not just in those matters we consider expedient, and obeying His commandments to the fullest extent possible. Holiness should be our goal and we must be prepared to do whatever it takes to attain it, which includes a total, unwavering commitment. The course is grueling and if we aren’t committed, we will crash in no time. At this point some might wonder about the need to lead a holy life if it going to be difficult. The reason is, quite simply, because we are required to. When we become Christians, it is not the end of change; it is the beginning of change. As Christians, God calls us to be like Him: holy, pure and perfect (Matthew 5:48; 1 John 3:3, and 1 Peter 1:15). As you can imagine, this is not an easy task, but difficulty should never be a reason not to do something. Another requisite to grow in the Spirit is heartfelt repentance. Not only should we be genuinely sorry for our sins, we need to be determined to try not to sin again. It doesn’t matter that we might be constrained by sin at this point. That’s because part of the Holy Spirit’s role is to take away the constraints and free us from our tendency to sin, which will happen in time. What is important at this stage is that we are truly sorry for the offences that we have committed against God and we are determined never to sin anymore. A third requirement is honesty and courage; the honesty to look at ourselves without blinkered vision, and the courage to face up to who we really are. Most of us put up facades for public display and we may have been doing it for so long that we end up even fooling ourselves. The Holy Spirit will rip these masks apart, albeit gently, and reveal things about us that we might not like to see. If we aren’t willing to face up to the truth of who we are and be ready to remedy ourselves without justification, we aren’t going to make much progress. Another vital requirement is a genuine love for God, translatable into action. Love for God is something that will grow as we grow in Him. But, we need a basic element of it to begin with, because it is only love for God that will help us make a lot of the tough decisions that we will be called to make as we progress through this school. The more love we have for God, the more we will be prepared to do for Him, which will, consequently, make it that much easier for us to grow in this school. Once we meet these requirements, we are ready to begin our education. But before we do so, it will help to know a few things about the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is not a vague, ethereal power who floats about in the heavens, waiting to be invoked by us screaming, “Come, Holy Spirit!” at the top of our voices. He is a real person, with a personality as distinct as that of the Father or the Son, and He is with us at all times. The reason many of us do not notice Him is because His presence may have made us so uncomfortable at times, we relegated Him to the back room of our lives–like a mentally challenged step-brother we’d prefer was neither seen nor heard–and there He’s remained. Despite His awesome power, the Holy Spirit is extremely gentle. While it was His power that initially drew me to Him, it was His gentleness that helped me fall in love with Him. It probably took less than two weeks for this to happen, and ever since He has been my closest friend, most trusted adviser, and precious confidant. It is my absolute devotion to Him that has contributed largely to what I am today. If we want to transform our lives, we should get to know the Holy Spirit intimately. Once we do, we will simply not have the heart to grieve Him, and this, more than anything else, will help us live good lives. As a teacher, the Holy Spirit is unique. He adapts Himself to us, both in speech and in behavior, so there is a high comfort level. Furthermore, He speaks our language, both literally and metaphorically, so there is always perfect communication. In addition, He has infinite patience and will take us through a lesson–over and over again, if necessary–until we learn it. He will never scold us for a weakness or punish us for a failure; on the contrary, He will always be there with words of comfort and encouragement when we fall, urging us not to give up but to press on. The Holy Spirit asks only one thing of us and that is obedience. Our growth and the rapidity with which we grow are both dependent on this. Obey and we move forward. Disobey and everything freezes. It is as clear cut as that. We might try to continue our education on our own, choosing to grow in holiness by doing things based on expediency rather than on the truth, but we won’t get very far. We will quickly reach a point when the lessons are incomprehensible and further progress is simply impossible. Many Christians stagnate at this level, unable to grow further, simply because they work independently of the Spirit, or worse, choose to willfully disobey Him. If we obey Him, however, we will register phenomenal growth until one day we will stand as solid and as unshakable as oak trees; spiritual giants! To be able to follow the Holy Spirit it is also helpful to know how He talks to us, how to recognize His voice, and how to respond to it when we hear it. The Holy Spirit speaks to us in different ways. He usually speaks to us through our thoughts. If we are doing something that we shouldn’t and we feel an uneasy pricking of conscience, we can be fairly certain that it is the Holy Spirit telling us to desist. As we grow in the Spirit, His “voice” becomes more easily recognizable from the thousands of different thoughts that race through our minds, and with time we will be able to actually isolate His voice from the others. Once we are able to do this, our growth accelerates, because there is much better communication between us and Him. A word of caution is necessary here. The enemy, Satan, can do an excellent job of imitating the voice of the Holy Spirit. If we aren’t careful, he can have us doing his work even though we believe we are doing the work of God. It becomes very important, therefore, to learn to distinguish between the two. Though the devil can do a pretty good impersonation, there are certain traits that he has which give him away. But it takes time to recognize these. Consequently, it is wise to have a human adviser, preferably a priest, who can help us through in the interim. In the days following my conversion, I used to counsel with my spiritual director for a couple of hours every week, updating him on some of the things that I was being “taught” by the Holy Spirit. I quickly developed an understanding of inherent differences between the two and certain characteristics of the devil that he simply can’t hide. One of these, for example, is impatience. Whenever I am hustled into doing something with undue haste, I can be certain that the devil is behind it nine times out of ten. Eventually, I developed a pretty good nose for the evil one and can now sense him coming from a mile away. I no longer need to check everything out with my spiritual director, but if it is a message of some import, I still seek external affirmation. This involves having someone confirm the message I have been given without my actually asking them to do so. The Holy Spirit does not object to this; on the contrary He encourages it! (This is another difference between Him and the enemy; the evil one tells us that we don’t need to confirm anything with anybody.) If it is something really important I ask for multiple affirmations to ensure that there is absolutely no doubt that the message is from the right source: the Holy Spirit. Towards the end of 2003, for instance, I received what appeared to be a very clear instruction from the Holy Spirit to launch a ministry. As this would affect the lives of many people, especially my family and others close to me, I was simply not willing to take any chances. I asked the Holy Spirit to send not one, but three people to confirm the message was from Him, with the added qualification that all three be leaders in Catholic ministries. Before the month was over, three Catholic ministers came my way, all of whom told me that it was time to begin God’s work full-time! The Holy Spirit often uses people to speak for Him, especially in the early stages of our growth when we haven’t fine tuned our ears to His voice. He can use just about anybody, and I sometimes think He takes particular delight in using people we dislike to deliver some of His messages. It is His way of teaching us humility even as He tries to communicate with us. His preferred choice of people, however, are ministers. This is to prevent us from being unnecessarily confused. (I use the word “minister” loosely, to cover all people who do the work of God under authority of the Church.) I have developed a standard practice that I recommend when listening to these people. Listen to them without judgment. Pay closer attention to the speaker whenever your mind begins to rebel at something he or she is saying, because when our minds tell us that something a particular minister is saying is rubbish, it usually is just because it doesn’t fall in line with our thinking. It need not be rubbish at all. This, of course, doesn’t mean that ministers don’t occasionally speak rubbish. They do. I have heard some of them say very foolish things. Consequently, discernment is required. But how is one to discern what is right or wrong? True discernment is a gift. For a person without the gift, discerning something means evaluating it with his own mind, which is very often unreliable. If we see nothing wrong in consuming alcohol, for instance, and if a minister tells us that we need to stop drinking in order to grow in holiness, we will “discern” that the person is speaking nonsense! So how do we find out the truth? We can do so easily enough by checking for what God has to say on the subject; it’s all there in the Bible. And then, to be doubly sure that we have gotten it right, we should check out what the Church has to say on the subject too, because it is quite possible to misinterpret the things that God says through His Word. God’s Word is not only a way of discerning truth; it is the best way of listening to the voice of the Holy Spirit. As we read God’s word, we will come across a verse every now and then that leaves us feeling distinctly uncomfortable because it convicts us of something sinful that we are doing. This is the Holy Spirit speaking directly to us, asking us to address the issue immediately. Don’t hesitate. This is one occasion when God Himself has delivered the message and we don’t need any confirmation or affirmations–we just need to obey! There is one important issue that needs to be addressed here. I had stated earlier that the Holy Spirit never scolds us. How, then, are we to know that we have displeased Him? The Holy Spirit has a remarkably effective way of letting us know: He goes silent! There are three types of silence I have learned to recognize in the Spirit. One is the mild silence that greets a sinful action we might have committed by mistake. We suddenly notice that the Holy Spirit has gone quiet and we know instinctively that we have messed up, though it is quite possible we don’t fully understand the nature of our mistake. We should ask the Spirit what we have done wrong and He will tell us. The second is the heavier silence that follows when we disobey a direct order we have agreed to obey, or when we try to justify a sin after He has shown us how grievous it is. The Holy Spirit will simply clam up and refuse to resume any sort of “normal” conversation with us until such time that we remedy the situation! The third silence is terrifying, and is brought about when we hurt one of God’s children. We only have to hear the sound of this silence once to never want to do anything that will bring it about again. I experienced this a few months after my conversion when I permitted my infamous temper to get the better of me. During the time it took for my temper to be spent, I hurled abuse at my offender. The attack was vicious while it lasted, and immensely hurtful. Anger expended, shame took over and I retreated to church which was my main place of refuge in those days, hoping for the comfort that God could give me. There was not a sound. I sat for five hours in the church that afternoon, praying that He would utter just one word, but there was just this total, unnerving silence. Finally, more dejected than I ever recall being in recent times, I prepared to leave. Even as I did so, I picked up my Bible and flipped it open, reading the first verse that my eyes fell upon. I do not believe that verses picked up at random from the Bible are always messages for us from the Holy Spirit, and I strongly discourage anyone from thinking so, but there are instances when random verses from scripture can, indeed, be messages and have profound impact. This is what I read: ‘You have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, “You shall not murder”; and “whoever murders shall be liable to judgement.” But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister, you will be liable to judgement. So when you are offering your gift at the altar, if you remember that your brother or sister has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother or sister, and then come and offer your gift.’ I didn’t waste any time in reconciling myself with my offender. Almost immediately thereafter, the Holy Spirit broke His silence and things rapidly got back to the way they were before. But this deathly quiet is something that I have never been able to forget and I have tried to never give the Holy Spirit a reason to go silent like that again. The Holy Spirit would, however, go silent on me once more, for a very long time and for a totally different reason, but we will come to that later. One final note before we enter school. It is a good idea to begin our education with a blank slate, so we should try to wipe our minds clean of all preconceptions that may exist. I am not proud that I was an atheist most of my life, but one of the benefits of not being raised in the faith was that there was no conditioning about Christian beliefs that I had to overcome, no paradigms to lock me in. I realized that most of what I had believed to be true about God, life and just about everything else was wrong, so I simply wiped the entire slate clean and prepared to start afresh. Clean slates are easy to write on. If it isn’t possible to have a clean slate, we should at least try to come with the humility to accept that we might be wrong about a lot of things and have an eagerness to learn what is right. The Holy Spirit often teaches us things that go against what we believe to be true and mental resistance makes it difficult for Him to work effectively in us. Please also do note that some of the things that He teaches might appear to go against what the Catholic faith teaches. They don’t; they merely go against what we believe the Catholic faith teaches, which isn’t quite the same thing. Enough said. Let us enter the School of the Holy Spirit.

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If you’re looking for an unforgettable Bonfire Night experience, look no further than Duddeston! This vibrant area in the United Kingdom offers a range of exciting events and activities to make your Bonfire Night celebration one to remember. From mesmerizing fireworks displays to traditional bonfires and live music, Duddeston’s Bonfire Night celebration has something for everyone. Join the fun and experience the joy of this annual event! - Duddeston offers an exciting Bonfire Night celebration - Experience a mesmerizing fireworks display - Celebrate the historical significance of Guy Fawkes Night - Enjoy a festive bonfire party with live music and food stalls - Exciting activities for all ages available - Ensure your safety and follow guidelines - Various accommodation options nearby - Opportunities to get involved and contribute to the event - Capture memories of the spectacular event - Spread the word and invite others to join in the celebrations Experience a Mesmerizing Fireworks Display in Duddeston One of the main attractions of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event is the mesmerizing fireworks display. Prepare to be amazed as you witness stunning visuals, synchronized music, and choreographed pyrotechnics that will leave you in awe. The fireworks display is the highlight of the event and is eagerly anticipated by attendees of all ages. The bright and colorful explosions against the night sky are truly a sight to behold, with each burst of light and color perfectly synchronized to the accompanying music. Expect a variety of awe-inspiring fireworks, including rockets, roman candles, and Catherine wheels, to illuminate the sky with a variety of colors, shapes and patterns. The display is carefully planned and executed by trained professionals, ensuring a safe and unforgettable experience for attendees. The fireworks display typically lasts about 15-20 minutes, giving you plenty of time to fully appreciate the beauty and grandeur of the pyrotechnics. The best viewing spots are usually near the bonfire, where you can enjoy both the warmth of the fire and the spectacle of the fireworks. Experience the Magic of Duddeston’s Fireworks Display “The fireworks display was absolutely stunning and exceeded our expectations. It was truly magical to watch the beautiful explosions light up the night sky. We had a great time!” – John, attendee Don’t miss out on the opportunity to experience Duddeston’s mesmerizing fireworks display. It’s sure to be a highlight of your Bonfire Night celebration and create lasting memories. Celebrate Guy Fawkes Night in Duddeston On November 5th, Duddeston comes alive with celebrations in honor of Guy Fawkes Night, also known as Bonfire Night. This special night is celebrated throughout the United Kingdom, marking the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605 in which Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament. The event in Duddeston typically features a traditional bonfire, which is used to burn an effigy of Guy Fawkes. Attendees also gather around to listen to the retelling of the events leading up to the Gunpowder Plot. The night is filled with a festive atmosphere and provides an opportunity for local families and friends to come together and enjoy some quality time. The Duddeston event offers a unique experience of the British tradition and is an opportunity to learn about the country’s history. The festival is an excellent time for you to come out and experience the warm and friendly community of Duddeston. Enjoy a Delightful Bonfire Party in Duddeston If you’re looking for a festive atmosphere to celebrate Bonfire Night, Duddeston’s Bonfire Party is the perfect destination. This event promises to be a night of fun-filled activities, live music, and delicious food stalls for attendees of all ages. The main attraction of the Bonfire Party is the traditional bonfire, which adds to the charming atmosphere of the event. You can relax and enjoy the spectacle while warming up with your friends and family. Another highlight of the Bonfire Party is the live music and entertainment, featuring performers from the local area and beyond. The vibrant music will keep you entertained throughout the night, and the various stalls offer delicious food and drinks to satisfy your cravings. The Bonfire Party will also feature fairground rides, games, and face painting for children. It’s a great opportunity for families to come together and create lasting memories. Overall, the Duddeston Bonfire Party is a delightful celebration of Bonfire Night, offering something for everyone. Don’t miss out on the fun and excitement of this fantastic event! Exciting Activities for All at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night There’s no shortage of fun activities to enjoy at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night celebration. From traditional fairground rides, like the Ferris wheel and bumper cars, to games, face painting, and stalls selling festive merchandise, there’s something for everyone to enjoy. For the little ones, there are child-friendly rides and attractions, such as the teacups and mini rollercoaster. They can also enjoy face painting and balloon twisting, adding a touch of sparkle to their Bonfire Night experience. If you’re a fan of food, you’re in for a treat! There are food stalls selling a range of delicious treats, from hot dogs and burgers to candyfloss and toffee apples. You’ll also find a variety of hot and cold drinks to keep you refreshed throughout the night. If you’re feeling lucky, have a go at some traditional fairground games, including hook-a-duck and the coconut shy. Test your accuracy at the shooting gallery or try your hand at winning a prize at one of the many other stalls. Whether you’re young or old, there’s something for you to enjoy at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night celebration. Come along and join in the fun! Date and Location of Bonfire Night in Duddeston If you’re looking for a vibrant and exciting Bonfire Night celebration in Duddeston, look no further! This year’s event will take place on November 5th at the Duddeston Sports & Social Club. The exact address is: Duddeston Sports & Social Club Duddeston Manor Road You can easily reach the venue by public transport or car. Duddeston train station is just a short walk away, and there are also several bus routes that will take you close to the location. If you’re driving, please be aware that parking is limited, so aim to arrive early to secure a spot. Once you arrive, you’ll be greeted by the festive and lively atmosphere of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night celebration. Join in on the fun and excitement with friends and family, and enjoy the spectacular fireworks display, traditional bonfire, and live music. There’s something for everyone at this event! Safety Measures and Guidelines at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night When attending Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event, your safety is of the utmost importance. The organizers have taken necessary precautions to ensure a secure environment for all attendees. Trained staff members will be present on-site to manage any emergencies and provide first aid services if needed. In case of a lost child, please approach any staff member and they will assist you in locating your child. It is essential to follow all safety guidelines when handling fireworks. Only adults should handle fireworks, and they must read and follow the instructions carefully. Never attempt to relight a malfunctioning firework and never throw fireworks or use them indoors. If you plan on bringing children to the event, ensure their safety by keeping them close to you at all times and communicating the safety guidelines to them. Be mindful of the loud noises and bright lights, as they may be overwhelming for some children. Please note that no outside food, beverages, or alcohol are allowed on the event premises. Smoking is strictly prohibited in designated smoking areas only. Failure to comply with these guidelines may result in removal from the event. By following these safety measures and guidelines, you can have a memorable and secure experience at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event. Nearby Accommodation Options for Bonfire Night Attendees in Duddeston If you are planning to attend Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event and need a place to stay overnight, there are several nearby accommodation options available to you. |Distance from Duddeston |The Royal George Hotel |Phone: 0121 328 3242 Email: [email protected] Address: 325 Garrison Ln, Birmingham B9 4PN |The Aston Tavern |Phone: 0121 327 0060 Email: [email protected] Address: 83 Aston Hall Rd, Birmingham B6 7JN |The Belmont Hotel |Phone: 0121 454 5212 Email: [email protected] Address: 725 Hagley Rd W, Quinton, Birmingham B32 1DJ All of these options are located conveniently close to Duddeston and offer comfortable accommodations at affordable prices. Please note that booking in advance is highly recommended as accommodations tend to fill up quickly during the Bonfire Night period. How to Get Involved in Duddeston’s Bonfire Night Event If you’re looking to get involved in Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event, there are plenty of opportunities to volunteer, sponsor, or contribute in any way possible. The event owes its success to the efforts of dedicated volunteers who work tirelessly to make it an enjoyable experience for everyone. If you’re interested in volunteering, the event organizers are always looking for enthusiastic people to help with various tasks such as setting up stalls, selling merchandise, and managing the crowds. It’s a fantastic way to get involved in your local community and make new friends. If you are a business owner, sponsoring Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event is an excellent way to show your support for the community. Sponsors can receive recognition through signage, social media, and other promotional materials. Finally, if you have any unique ideas or skills that can add value to the event, the organizers would love to hear from you. Whether it’s live performance, interactive activities, or creative installations, every contribution makes a difference. If you’re keen to get involved, please contact the event organizers or visit their website for more information on how you can help make Duddeston’s Bonfire Night even better! Capture Memories of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night Don’t forget to bring your camera or phone to capture the spectacular fireworks display and festive atmosphere of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event. Take photos and videos of the dazzling pyrotechnics, the traditional bonfire, and the lively entertainment. You’ll want to look back on these memories for years to come. Share your photos and videos with friends and family on social media or keep them as a personal collection. They serve as a reminder of the fun times you had at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night party. Plus, snapping pictures is a great way to pass the time while waiting for the fireworks to begin. While you’re at it, take some shots of the delicious food stalls, traditional fairground rides, and other fun activities that will keep you entertained throughout the night. With so much to see and do, you’ll want to make sure you have enough memory and battery life on your devices. Bring a charger or extra batteries, just in case. Don’t miss out on capturing all the excitement of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night. Spread the Word and Invite Others to Duddeston’s Bonfire Night Are you excited about Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event and can’t wait to share it with others? Spread the word and invite your friends and family to join in the fun. By doing so, you’ll help make it an unforgettable night for everyone. Here are some ways to get started: - Share the details on social media: Post about the event on your social media accounts, including Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Add some photos or videos from previous years to give people a taste of what to expect. - Invite your friends and family: Send a text or email to your contacts inviting them to join you at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night. Make sure to include the date, time, and location of the event in your message. - Mention it in local community groups: If you belong to any local community groups or forums, mention the event there. It could catch the eye of someone who may not know about the event yet. Remember, the more people who attend, the more fun it will be. By spreading the word and inviting others, you’ll help make Duddeston’s Bonfire Night a success. Plan Your Visit to Duddeston’s Bonfire Night Event! Are you looking for an exciting Bonfire Night celebration near you? Look no further than Duddeston, a vibrant area of the United Kingdom that promises a spectacular event filled with fireworks, fun, and festive cheer! On the night of November 5th, Duddeston will come alive with a mesmerising fireworks display that will leave you in awe. With choreographed pyrotechnics and synchronised music, this display is not to be missed! But that’s not all; there’s also a traditional bonfire, burning the effigy of Guy Fawkes, and the retelling of the Gunpowder Plot. The festive atmosphere continues with live music, entertainment, food stalls, and traditional fairground rides, games, and face painting for the whole family. There is also a variety of stalls selling festive merchandise, so you can take home a piece of the action. The Duddeston Bonfire Night event takes place at [insert exact address], with ample parking available nearby. To ensure your safety and enjoyment, trained staff will be present, first aid facilities will be available, and guidelines for handling fireworks will be provided. Please follow these guidelines for a secure and enjoyable experience. If you’re planning to stay overnight, there are several accommodation options nearby, including hotels and bed and breakfasts. We recommend booking in advance to secure your spot. Don’t miss out on this unforgettable celebration in Duddeston. Spread the word, invite your friends and family, and bring your camera or phone to capture all the memories. See you there! Q: What is Bonfire Night? A: Bonfire Night, also known as Guy Fawkes Night, is an annual event celebrated in the United Kingdom on November 5th. It commemorates the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605, when Guy Fawkes and his accomplices attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament. Q: Where is Duddeston located? A: Duddeston is a vibrant area in the United Kingdom. Q: What events and activities can I expect on Bonfire Night in Duddeston? A: On Bonfire Night in Duddeston, you can expect a spectacular fireworks display, a traditional bonfire, burning of the Guy Fawkes effigy, live music, entertainment, food stalls, fairground rides, games, face painting, and stalls selling festive merchandise. Q: When is the Bonfire Night event in Duddeston? A: The Bonfire Night event in Duddeston takes place on November 5th, the traditional date for Guy Fawkes Night. Q: Where is the Bonfire Night event in Duddeston located? A: The Bonfire Night event in Duddeston is located at [insert address]. Q: Are there any safety measures in place at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night? A: Yes, Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event ensures safety by having trained staff, first aid facilities, and guidelines for handling fireworks. We encourage all attendees to follow the safety instructions provided to ensure a secure and enjoyable experience. Q: Are there nearby accommodation options for Bonfire Night attendees in Duddeston? A: Yes, there are several nearby accommodation options in Duddeston, including hotels and bed and breakfasts. These options offer convenient stays for those planning to attend the Bonfire Night event. Q: How can I get involved in Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event? A: If you’re interested in getting involved in Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event, there are opportunities to volunteer, sponsor, or contribute in any way. For more information, please contact [insert contact details] or visit our website [insert website link]. Q: Can I take photos and videos at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night? A: Absolutely! We encourage attendees to bring their cameras or phones to capture memories of Duddeston’s Bonfire Night. Don’t miss the opportunity to document the stunning fireworks, bonfire, and the overall festive atmosphere. Q: How can I spread the word about Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event? A: Help us make Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event a success by spreading the word. Share the event details on social media, invite your friends and family, and mention it in local community groups. Together, let’s ensure a well-attended and memorable night. Q: How can I plan my visit to Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event? A: Plan your visit to Duddeston’s Bonfire Night event by marking the date in your calendar and preparing for a spectacular evening. Enjoy the mesmerizing fireworks, fun activities, and delightful atmosphere that await you. We look forward to seeing you at Duddeston’s Bonfire Night celebration!

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Mercedes-Benz. Registered Trademark 2020 Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R. L. de C. V. Avenida Santa Fe #428, Torre 3, Piso 4, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos Ciudad de México, 05348 Copyright 2020 Mercedes-Benz, trademark all rights reserved. The text, images, graphics, audio material, animations, videos and design in general of the Mercedes-Benz Mexico website are subject to Copyright and intellectual property protection. All these objects may not be validly and legitimately copied or distributed for commercial use, nor may they be modified or inserted into other websites. The Mercedes-Benz Mexico website may also contain images whose Copyright belongs to third parties. 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Therefore, we inform you and expressly notify you that neither access to this website and its content, will grant you any right, concession or license on the intellectual property relating to the Mercedes-Benz Brand, belonging to Mercedes-Benz AG, nor in any case be taken as a possibility to achieve such right, concession or license. Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements The Internet sites, audio and video files of events (live or recorded) and other documents on this website contain, among other things, forward-looking statements regarding future events or developments. The terms "anticipate," "assume," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "project" and "duty," as well as similar expressions, identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to: changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices; introduction of competitive products; increased sales incentives. All information provided by Mercedes-Benz, a registered trademark as it appears on the website, is provided as a guide, as accurate and current as possible, but without any warranty, either implicit or explicit. In particular, they do not constitute a commitment or implied guarantee about the composition or availability of products, suitability uses, or compliance with laws and patent enforcement. Even considering in principle the content published as correct, it may contain errors or inaccuracies, so we suggest you repeat your visit to our page after a few days, and we insist on the recommendation that you contact the Mercedes-Benz Distributor of your choice. The information contained in the conditions of financial products may be subject to change at any time, without prior notice, including indicative interest rates, conditions offered, estimated payments (or installments), rates and other expenses, of which no information is given on this website. If you are interested in any financial product you should contact the local financial service providers, DCFS Servicios Corporativos S. de R.L. de C.V., to obtain confirmation of the details. The granting of financing will be subject to approval through the usual credit analysis process. The details provided on this website do not represent, and should not be construed, as an offer of financing under the terms and conditions that appear, which, we repeat, should be consulted with the aforementioned firms. Mercedes-Benz, registered trademark takes appropriate technical and administrative measures to protect the data collected against accidental or deliberate manipulation, loss or destruction, as well as against access by unauthorized persons. These security measures are continuously optimized in accordance with technical development and are in accordance with our Privacy Notice and the law Protection of Personal Data Held by Individuals; you can consult our Privacy Notice here. The controller for the treatment according to the terms of the Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (LFPDPPP, in Spanish “Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares”) is: Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R.L. de C.V. (hereinafter "Mercedes-Benz"), with address located at Avenida Santa Fe #428, Torre 3, Piso 4, Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Mexico City, 05348. Email: [email protected] 1. Data protection We appreciate you visiting our website and your interest in the products we offer. We take the protection of your personal data very seriously. Protecting your personal data is very important to us. In this Privacy Statement, we explain how we collect your personal information, what we do with it, for what purposes and on what legal foundation we do so, and what rights you have on that basis. We will also refer you to the protection policy of Mercedes-Benz: Mercedes-Benz Data Protection Policy (English) Our Privacy Statement on the use of our websites and the Mercedes-Benz Data Protection Policy do not apply to your activities on the websites of social networks or other providers that can be accessed using the links on our websites. Please read the data protection provisions on the websites of those providers. 2. Collection and processing of your personal data a. Whenever you visit our websites, we store certain information about the browser and operating systemyou are using; the date and time of your visit; the status of the interaction (e.g. whether you were able to access the website or received an error message); the usage of features on the website; any search phrases you entered; how often you visit individual websites; the names of the files you access; the amount of data transferred; the Web page from which you accessed our website; and the Web page you visited after visiting our website, whether by clicking links on our websites or entering a domain directly into the input field of the same tab (or window) of the browser in which you have our websites open. In addition, we store your IP address and the name of your Internet service provider for seven days. We also process your IP address in anonymized form in order to personalize advertising, e.g., we infer your approximate location from the anonymized IP address and use it for advertising purposes, if you consent to this (see section 3c). b. We only process other personal data if you provide this data, e.g., as part of a registration, contact form, chat, survey, price competition or for the execution of a contract, and even in these cases only inso-far as this is permitted to us on the basis of a consent given by you or in accordance with the applicable legal provisions. c. You are neither legally nor contractually obligated to share your personal information. However, certain features of our websites may depend on the sharing or personal information. If you do not provide your personal information in such cases, you may not be able to use those features, or they may be available with limited functionality. 3. Purpose of use a. We use the personal information collected during your visit to any of our websites to make using them as convenient as possible for you and to protect our IT systems against attacks and other unlawful activities. b. If you share additional information with us – for example, by filling out a registration form, contact form, chat, survey, contest entry or to execute a contract with you – we will use that information for the designated purposes, purposes of customer management and – if required – for purposes of processing and billing and business transactions within the required scope in each instance. c. For other purposes (e.g. display of personalized content or advertising based on your usage behavior), we and, if applicable, selected third parties, use your personal data if and to the extent you give your consent through our consent management system. You will find further information and decision-making options here: For the display of advertising or personalized content in accordance with the consent(s) you have given, analysis procedures, including profiling and scoring, may apply. Profiling and scoring allow us, for example, to provide you with personalized information in line with your interests, as well as individual recommendations on certain vehicle models. We rely on the information you provide when you use our "EQ Registration" service, among others. d. In addition, we use personal data to the extent that we are legally obliged to do so (e.g., storage for the fulfilment of commercial or tax-related retention obligations, release in accordance with official or judicial orders, e.g. to a law enforcement authority). e. Otherwise, we process your personal data insofar as this is necessary to preserve our legitimate interests. Consequently, we continuously adapt the functions and offer of our websites to the requirements arising from your user behavior and use your personal data for internal settlement purposes. The maintenance of the functionality of our computer systems, the (direct) marketing of our own and third-party products and services (if it is not done with your consent) and the legally offered documentation of business contacts are these legitimate interests. Within the framework of the corresponding and necessary balancing of interests, we consider the type of personal data, the purpose and circumstances of its processing, as well as your interest in the confidentiality of your personal data. 4. Transfer of Personal Information to Third Parties; Social Plugins; Use of Service Providers a. Our websites may also contain an offer of third parties. If you click on such an offer, we transfer data to the respective provider to the required extent (e.g. information that you have found this offer with us and, if applicable, further information that you have already provided on our websites for this purpose). b. When we use social plug-ins on our websites from social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, we integrate them as follows: When you visit our websites, the social plug-ins are deactivated, i.e. no data is transmitted to the operators of these networks. If you want to use one of the networks, click on the respective social plug-in to establish a direct connection to the server of the respective network. If you have a user account on the network and are logged in when you activate the social plug-in, the network can associate your visit to our websites with your user account. If you want to avoid this, please log out of the network before activating the social plug-in. A social network cannot associate a visit to other Mercedes-Benz websites until you have activated an existing social plug-in. When you activate a social plug-in, the network transfers the content that becomes available directly to your browser, which integrates it into our websites. In this situation, data transmissions can also take place that are initiated and controlled by the respective social network. Your connection to a social network, the data transfers taking place between the network and your system, and your interactions on that platform are governed solely by the privacy policies of that network. The social plug-in remains active until you deactivate it or delete your cookies (see section 5.d). c. If you click on the link to an offer or activate a social plug-in, personal data may reach providers in countries outside the Mexican Republic that, from the point of view of the Mexican Republic may not guarantee an "adequate level of protection" for the processing of personal data in accordance with the LFPDPPP. Please remember this fact before clicking on a link or activating a social plug-in and thereby triggering a transfer of your data. d. We also use qualified service providers (e.g., IT service providers, marketing agencies) to operate, optimize and secure our websites. We only pass on personal data to the latter insofar as this is necessary for the provision and use of the website and its functionalities, for the pursuit of legitimate interests, to comply with legal obligations, or insofar as you have consented there to. You will find more information regarding recipients of personal data in our consent management system: For the best operation of our websites and the pursuit of the intended uses, we transfer your data in whole or in part to other Mercedes-Benz Group AG entities, either inside or outside the national territory. Every entity of the group is committed to safeguarding personal data with the highest standard of protection and compliance with applicable law, making use of them only to the extent that you have given your consent. We provide you with the data protection policy of the Mercedes-Benz Group AG at the following link Mercedes-Benz Data Protection Policy (English) a. Cookies may be used when you are visiting our websites. Technically, these are so-called HTML cookies and similar software tools such as Web/DOM Storage or Local Shared Objects (so-called "Flash cookies"), which we collectively refer to as cookies. b. Cookies are small files that are stored, and later read out, on your desktop, notebook or mobile device while you visit a website. Cookies make it possible, for example, to determine whether there has already been a connection between the device and the websites; take into account your preferred language or other settings, offer you certain certain functions (e.g. online shop, vehicle configurator) or recognize your usage-based interests. Cookies may also contain personal data. e. The consent to, and rejection or deletion of, cookies are tied to the device and also to the respective web browser you use. If you use multiple devices or web browsers, you can make decisions or settings differently. We take technical and organizational security measures in order to protect your information managed by us from being tampered with, lost, destroyed or accessed by authorized individuals. We are continuously improving our security measures in line with technological advancements. 7. Legal Foundations for Data Processing and Cookies a. As a data subject, you have the right of access, rectification, cancellation or opposition (ARCO Rights) of your personal data. In the event of opposition, if you object to this processing, your personal data will be processed only if we can prove reasons that justify the processing and that prevail over your interests, your rights and your freedoms, or if the data processing is intended to assert, exercise or defend legal claims. Insofar as we process your personal data to manage direct advertising with the aim of satisfying legitimate interests based on the balancing of interests, you also have the right to object to this without giving reasons. b. If you have consented to the processing of your personal data by us, you have the right to revoke your consent at any time. The legality of processing your personal data before revocation remains unaffected. We may further process such data pursuant to another applicable legal basis, e.g. for the fulfilment of our legal obligations c. Likewise, you can limit the use or disclosure of your personal data. Your IP address and the name of your Internet service provider, which we store for security reasons, are deleted after seven days. Moreover, we delete your personal information as soon as the purpose for which it was collected and processed has been fulfilled. Beyond this time period, data storage only takes place to the extent made necessary by the legislation, regulations or other legal provisions to which we are subject in the LFPDPPP and its regulations, or by legal provisions in third-party countries if these have an appropriate level of data protection. Should it not be possible to delete data in individual cases, the relevant personal data are flagged to restrict their further processing. d. To exercise any of the rights over your personal data, it is necessary that you send a request to the e-mail address [email protected]. This request, in the case of ARCO Rights, must comply with the provisions of articles 29 and 31 of the LFDPPP. In the case of the rights mentioned in subparagraphs b. and c., the interested party is requested to give details of the right they want to exercise and on what specific data. If you want more information about procedures, deadlines and requirements of the application, you can request that information in the aforementioned email. This request will be dealt with by the Privacy Officer of Mercedes-Benz. e. If you believe that the processing of your personal data violates legal requirements, you have the right to lodge a complaint with a competent data protection supervisory authority. If you subscribe to a newsletter offered on our website, the information provided during registration for the newsletter will be used solely for the purpose of mailing the newsletter unless you consent to its use for additional purposes. You may cancel the subscription at any time by using the option to unsubscribe contained in the newsletter. 9. Mercedes-Benz Group AG's Central Registration Service Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R.L. de C.V. is a related brand of Mercedes-Benz Group AG. 10. Changes to the Privacy Statement This Privacy Statement may be modified, changed or updated as a result of new legal requirements, Mercedes-Benz's own needs and its personal data protection practices. In this case, the Privacy Statement on the Mercedes-Benz website will be updated immediately https://www.la.mercedes-benz.com/es/passengercars.html Mercedes-Benz®️ is a trademark of Mercedes-Benz Group AG. All rights reserved. The text, images, graphics, sound files, animations, videos and design of this website are protected by copyright. These objects may not be used, copied or distributed for commercial purposes and may not be modified or reposted to other websites. This website may contain images and data belonging to third parties which are also protected by the copyrights of those to whom they belong. In the context of the use of this website, the intellectual property (in particular copyright, trademark, name and patent rights) of the Mercedes-Benz Group or third parties must be observed. Access to the website does not grant any license or usage rights to the respective intellectual property of the Mercedes-Benz Group or third parties. statementsThis website contains forward-looking statements about our current assessment of future events. The words "anticipate", "assume", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "may", "plan,“ "project“, "should“ and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Some examples are: • an unfavourable development of the global economic situation, especially a decline in demand in our most important sales markets, • a deterioration in our refinancing options on the credit and financial markets, • unavoidable events in the guise of forces majeures, such as natural disasters, acts of terrorism, political unrest, armed conflicts, industrial accidents and their consequential effects on our sales, purchasing, production or financing activities, • Changes in exchange rates, customs and foreign trade regulations, • a change in consumer behaviour towards smaller and less profitable vehicles or a possible loss of acceptance of our products and services with the consequence of an impairment in the enforcement of prices and in the utilisation of production capacities, • price increases for fuels, raw materials and energy, • Interruptions in production due to material or energy shortages, labor strikes or supplier insolvencies, • a decline in the resale prices of used vehicles, • the successful implementation of cost reduction and efficiency improvement measures, • the business prospects of the companies in which we hold significant shares, • the successful implementation of strategic cooperations and joint ventures, • the changes in laws, regulations and official directives, especially insofar as they affect vehicle emissions, fuel consumption and safety, • as well as the conclusion of ongoing official investigations or investigations initiated by authorities and the outcome of pending or threatening future legal proceedings • and other risks and uncertainties, some of which are described in the current annual report under the heading "Risk and Opportunities Report". If any of these uncertainties or contingencies materialise, or if the assumptions underlying any of the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, then actual results may be materially different from those expressed or implied by such statements. We neither intend nor assume any obligation to update prescient statements on an ongoing basis, as these are based solely on the circumstances on the date of publication. Variation of Products and Prices The information, illustrations and images of the products contained in the website correspond to the latest information available on the products at the time of publication. However, certain information, illustrations and/or images of the products contained in the website may have been prepared for generic use; for this reason, the content of the website may include information on models, versions, equipment and/or accessories not available, and which in other countries are offered for reasons of local demand or legal provisions existing in those countries. If you are interested in any vehicle, model, paint, optional equipment or accessory shown on the website, and you are unsure about its availability, or about its specification in the local market, please contact the Authorized Mercedes-Benz Dealer of your choice. Mercedes-Benz Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., reserves the right to change models, colors, paint, materials, equipment, accessories and vehicle specifications without prior notice. Fuel efficiency was obtained in accordance with the methods established in the applicable legislation and under controlled conditions. However, fuel efficiency may vary due to environmental conditions, orography, fuel quality, as well as vehicle operation. Unless otherwise specified, all trademarks referred to on the website are the property of Mercedes-Benz Group and are duly licensed to Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R.L. de C.V., including vehicle model names, logos and emblems. Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R. L. de C.V. protects its intellectual property, including patents, trademarks, logos and emblems. Therefore, under no circumstances does the use or access to this website imply the granting of any license to the user with respect to the trademarks owned by Mercedes-Benz Group AG and licensed to Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R. L. de C.V. Mercedes-Benz México S. de R. L. de C. V. takes appropriate technical and administrative measures to protect the collected data against accidental or deliberate manipulation, loss or destruction, as well as against access by unauthorized persons. These security measures are continuously optimized in accordance with technical developments. ABOUT THE CARS All images on the site The photographs shown here are for reference only and may be changed without prior notice. Mercedes-Benz México, S. de R.L. de C.V. reserves the right to change the above specifications, equipment, terms and conditions at any time without prior notice. Mercedes-Benz®️ is a trademark of Mercedes-Benz Group AG. Mercedes Benz México S. de R.L. de C.V. All rights reserved. The text, images, graphics, sound files, animation files, video files and their arrangement set out in this website are protected by copyright. These objects may not be copied for commercial or distribution purposes and may not be modified or reposted to other sites. This website contains images and data that are also protected by the copyright of the provider. The Mercedes-Benz name and the star is a registered trademark owned by Mercedes-Benz Group AG. All information, specifications and illustrations contained in this website are based on the latest product information available at the time of publication and some may be for informational or illustrative purposes only. Mercedes-Benz Mexico reserves the right to make changes at any time without prior notice, whether in colors, materials, equipment, specifications or models of vehicles and other products. Mercedes-Benz Mexico does not guarantee the availability of the products shown in this page; for such purpose, you should contact an authorized Mercedes-Benz Mexico distributor.

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Mitsui Group is one of the largest corporate conglomerates (keiretsu) in Japan and one of the largest publicly traded companies in the world. It was founded during the Japanese Enpō ("Prolonged Wealth," 1673–1681) era (nengō) by Mitsui Takatoshi (1622–1694), who expanded the family business by opening a store in Edo (Tokyo) called "Echigoya," where ready-made clothing could be purchased for cash instead of being made-to-order. In the seventeenth century, the Mitsui family established close ties with the Tokugawa shogunate and began operating a system of money exchanges. They received a series of concessions that allowed the company to expand into many areas of business. The Mitsui keiretsu took an active role in the modernization of Japan during the Meiji period, expanding trade overseas, developing mineral resources and manufacturing, and establishing a vast banking, shipping and transportation network. During the United States occupation of Japan following World War II, the Mitsui zaibatsu was dissolved. In the 1950s, Mitsui reorganized as a loose conglomerate of companies sharing a common financial, logistical, and technical infrastructure. The Mitsui group comprises several dozen companies, most of which are large, multinational corporations based in Tokyo or Osaka with offices and subsidiaries overseas. Some are engaged in joint ventures with foreign companies. Mitsui & Co. maintains a global network of 160 offices in 69 countries, and has 565 subsidiaries and associated companies worldwide. Mitsui is involved in cement, petrochemicals, commerce, construction, energy, engineering, finance and insurance, food, machinery, mining, nonferrous metals, real estate, and shipping industries. The Mitsui Group was a pioneer in globalization, establishing operations in many countries and creating a system of banks and transportation to facilitate international trading. Throughout their business activities, Mitsui Group companies incorporate a distinctive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy emphasizing environmental and social accountability. Mitsui Group was founded during the Enpō ("Prolonged Wealth," 1673–1681) era (nengō) by Mitsui Takatoshi (1622–1694), the fourth son of the owner of a shop called Echigoya (越後屋)) in Matsusaka, Mie prefecture. His father brewed sake, sold miso, a fermented soybean paste, and ran a pawn shop. Later, the family opened a second shop in Edo (Tokyo). When he was 14 years old, Takatoshi moved to Edo, where he was joined by his older brother. His brother, jealous of the business ability that Takatoshi had demonstrated since his early youth, sent him back to Mie when he was 28 years old. After 24 years, Takatoshi's elder brother died and he was able to take over Echigoya. In 1673, he opened a new branch, a large gofukuya (kimono shop) in Nihonbashi, a district in the heart of Edo. Traditionally, gofukuyas had made clothing to order; a salesperson visited the customer (typically a person of high social class or a successful businessman) at his home, showed samples of cloth, took an order, and was paid when the finished product was delivered. Mitsui Takatoshi implemented a new system, manufacturing ready-made items which could be purchased directly at his shop for cash. The shop began providing dry goods to the government of the city of Edo, though cash sales were not yet a widespread business practice. Eventually, the gofukuya division separated from Mitsui, and became Mitsukoshi. The success the shops in Edo allowed Mitsui Takatoshi to expand into moneylending and other financial services. During this period, regional feudal governments had begun to pay taxes to the central Edo government in cash, but thieves and bandits made the transportation of cash dangerous in middle feudal Japan. In 1683, the shogunate granted permission for money exchanges (ryōgaeten) to be established in Edo for the payment of taxes. The Mitsui "exchange shops" facilitated transfers by accepting goods and cash at regional centers in exchange for notes that could then be redeemed for cash in Edo. On July 1, 1876, Mitsui Bank, Japan's first private bank, was founded with Takashi Masuda (1848–1938) as president. Mitsui Bank, which following a merger with Taiyō-Kobe Bank in the mid 1980s became part of Sakura Bank, survives as part of the Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation). Starting in 1691, members of the Mitsui family were appointed chartered merchants (goyo shonin) by the shogunate, and gained considerable political influence. Mitsui-ke (House of Mitsui) became the largest Japanese merchant house of the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). During the Meiji period (1868–1912), when the government was encouraging rapid economic development, Mitsui’s close ties with politicians became a great asset. The Mitsui conglomerate became involved in many fields of operation and came to dominate Japanese banking, trading, and mining. In 1892, Mitsui opened a branch in India to facilitate the expansion of its trade with India and Southeast Asia. In 1909, the family council that had been established in the early eighteenth century to oversee Mitsui’s operations was replaced by a family-controlled holding company. During the early twentieth century, Mitsui rapidly grew into one of the largest zaibatsu in Japan. After World War II Mitsui was the largest zaibatsu by the end of World War II, comprising some 270 companies. The U.S. occupation authorities split it up, dissolving the holding company and selling the stock of the former subsidiary companies to the public. When the Mitsui companies began to re-associate in the 1950s, Mitsui lagged behind its rivals Mitsubishi Group and Sumitomo Group in reorganization. Mitsui Bank, which should have been the mainstay and principal provider of capital for the group, had declined in size due to the collapse of the Imperial Bank of Japan, making the conglomerate less cohesive. Instead of being controlled by a family-dominated holding company, the new Mitsui was characterized by informal collaboration in policy-making among the presidents of the various companies, supported by financial interdependency. Many companies that were once part of the Mitsui Group became independent or tied to other conglomerates. Toshiba, Toyota Motors, and Suntory, once part of the Mitsui Group, became independent, and the Toyota Group became a conglomerate in its own right. Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries is now part of the Mizuho Group, and many companies in the Mitsui-Sumitomo Financial Group are now more closely tied to the Sumitomo Group than the Mitsui Group. In April, 2008, Mitsukoshi merged into Isetan, a major department store with a close tie to the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, to form Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings in April 2008. The Mitsui group comprises several dozen companies, most of which are large, multinational corporations based in Tokyo or Osaka with offices and subsidiaries overseas; some are engaged in joint ventures with foreign companies. Mitsui is in involved in the cement, petrochemicals, commerce, construction, energy, engineering, finance and insurance, food, machinery, mining, nonferrous metals, real estate, and shipping industries. Companies currently associated with the Mitsui family include Mitsui & Co.; Mitsui Construction Co.; Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., engaged in the smelting and processing of zinc, copper, and other nonferrous metals; Mitsui Mining Co., which produces domestic coal, coke, and cement; Mitsui OSK Lines Ltd.; Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd; Mitsui-gold; Mitsui Real Estate; Tri-net Logistics Management; Mitsui Chemicals; Mitsui Mutual Life Insurance Company, one of Japan's major life insurers; and Pacific Coast Recycling. Mitsui Group also has substantial interest in CVRD and Caemi Mineracao e Metalurgia, which owns 70 percent of Mineracoes Brasileiras Reunidas (MBR). Mitsui & Co. maintains a global network of 140 offices in 66 countries, and has 445 subsidiaries and associated companies worldwide. Mitsui Bussan Kaisha Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, a major component of the Mitsui group, is one of Japan's largest general trading companies (shogo shosha). The company was established as the trading subsidiary of the Mitsui zaibatsu in 1876. In the 1950s, several of the small trading firms that emerged from the dissolved zaibatsu subsidiary regrouped around the Daiichi Trading Company (Daiichi Bussan Kaisha) and the company took its present name in 1959. Mitsui Bussan Kaisha acts primarily as an agent for other companies, handling orders and arranging shipping for thousands of industrial, agricultural, and consumer goods and commodities, and coordinating the domestic and overseas activities of affiliated companies. Mitsui Steamship Company Mitsui Bussan, established in 1876, obtained exclusive rights to export and market the coal mined at the state-run Miike mines. It chartered boats and transported coal on its own account. In 1878, it bought a steamship, and in 1888, it bought the mines. Mitsui Bussan became an industrial carrier and the shipping section was established in 1898. In 1904, the shipping section expanded to become the Shipping Department and moved to Kobe. The company then owned 9 ships aggregating 36,752 DWT, and on the eve of World War I the fleet totaled 15 ships with 74,635 DWT, increasing to 30 ships totaling 127,141 DWT in 1919. The third general manager, Teijiro Kawamura, expanded the business of the department during World War I; in 1914, it began a tramp service carrying the company's own cargo and that of other companies. In 1917, it constructed a shipyard and set up the shipbuilding department and in 1920, it opened a semi-liner service from Dalian via Kobe to Seattle, operating a liner service on outbound voyages, but stopping to collect cargo at other ports on the return voyage. Mitsui Bussan's Shipping Department built two sister ships in 1924. One was equipped with reciprocal oil-burners, the other had diesel engines and was the first ocean-going diesel ship in Japan. The department put these ships on the North American route and compared their performance. Akagisan Maru, the diesel ship, proved superior, and Mitsui concluded a manufacturing and marketing license agreement with Burmeister and Wain Co. (B & W), who had manufactured the engine, in 1926. In 1928, Mitsui opened a Bangkok route, in 1931 a Philippines route, in 1932 a Dalien to New York route, and in 1935 a Persian Gulf route. From 1933, the Shipping Department became known as Mitsui Line. In 1937, it owned 35 ships aggregating 227,044 DWT. The shipbuilding department became independent as the Mitsui Tama Shipyard in 1937, and in 1942, the former Shipping Department too became a separate company, Mitsui Steamship Co., Ltd. (MS). During and after World War II, all MS ships were under the control of the government. At the end of the war, only 17 of MS's vessels remained. MS then began a vigorous expansion of its fleet and routes to re-establish its pre-war network. MS constructed 38 vessels between 1950 and 1964, and its operating tonnage became the largest in Japan. One of its ships, Kinkasan Maru, delivered in 1961, was the first bridge-controlled ship in the world, the result of an initiative to better organize ships’ crews and improve the working conditions of engineers. Soon after the shipping industry reorganization of 1964, in which Japanese shipping companies were restructured into six groups, world shipping moved toward containerization. Mitsui Steamship Co., Ltd. merged with Osaka Shosen Kaisha (OSK) Lines, Ltd. to form Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (株式会社 商船三井; MOL), and began container services on the California route, joining a space-charter consortium of four Japanese operators. By 1974, MOL was operating nearly 300 vessels. In the early 1970s, MOL built and launched specialized ships to carry ore, automobiles and liquid natural gas. Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation In July, 1876, Mitsui bank was established as Japan’s first private bank, with a starting capital of ¥2 million. Sumitomo Bank was established in November, 1895, as a private enterprise. Both banks experienced numerous mergers and reorganizations, and were listed on the Tokyo and Osaka stock exchanges in May, 1949. In April, 1990, Mitsui Bank and Taiyo Kobe Bank merged to form Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank, renamed Sakura Bank in 1992. In April, 2001, Sakura Bank and Sumitomo Bank merged to form Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, with a capital stock of ¥1,276,7 billion. In December, 2002 Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) established a holding company named Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Inc. (SMFG) through a share transfer, and SMBC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SMFG. In July, 2008, Sumitomo Mitsui bought a 2.1 per cent stake in Barclays Bank for £500m. Sumitomo Mitsui is the major financial institution of the Mitsui group, its activities centering on securities and foreign exchange. Other members of the combine include Mitsui Real Estate Development Company, Ltd., a leading home builder and developer of office and commercial buildings in Japan; Mitsui Mutual Life Insurance Company, one of Japan's major life insurers; Mitsui Mining & Smelting Company, Ltd., engaged in the smelting and processing of zinc, copper, and other nonferrous metals; and Mitsui Mining Company, Ltd., which produces domestic coal, coke, and cement. Mitsui Chemicals (三井化学株式会社, Mitsui-Ikagaku Kabushiki-gaisha) has business interests in Japan, Europe, China, Southeast Asia and the U.S. and employs approximately 13,000 people worldwide. The company mainly deals in performance materials, petro and basic chemicals and functional polymeric materials. With the growth of opportunities in India, Mitsui Chemicals has decided to establish its first polypropylene compounding plant in India at "Japanese Investment Park" Neemrana phase III. Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.), Inc. Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.), Inc. (Mitsui USA) is the largest wholly-owned subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Incorporated in the state of New York in 1966, it engaged in business investment, project development and management, and capital goods leasing and technology transfer, in addition to traditional businesses of a sogo shosha (general trading company) such as import, export, off-shore trade and domestic wholesale. Mitsui USA’s strategy is to expand existing and new core businesses by creating and operating group companies in specific industries, and supporting them with in-house services such as information and research, financial arrangements, risk management, and transportation logistics. Mitsui USA has 11 operating divisions including iron and steel products, energy and mineral resource, infrastructure projects, machinery, information business, organic chemicals, plastics and inorganic chemicals, foods and retail, consumer service and business development, transportation logistics, and financial markets. Its headquarters are in New York City, and it maintains 11 branch offices and nearly 70 group companies in various industries across the U.S. Mitsui USA’s motto is “Your Global Business Partner®.” Its strength is comprehensive business engineering, creating innovative business models to support domestic and global marketing, trade facilitation, project development and management, and planning and implementation of SCM (Supply Chain Management) and DCM (Demand Chain Management). Reflecting its parent company’s management philosophy, Mitsui USA’s operations are guided by its distinctive CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) policy, which emphasizes environmental and social accountability, and respect for stakeholders and the community. Mitsui Group’s mottos, "Mitsui is People," and "Challenge and Creation," elevates the role of employees in the companies’ success, and encourages them to be creative and innovative. Mitsui has met the challenge of operating in many different cultural and political environments by carefully studying business practices in each country and implementing a policy that emphasizes ethics and legal compliance. Throughout their business activities, Mitsui Group companies incorporate a distinctive CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) policy, which emphasizes environmental and social accountability, and respect for stakeholders and the community. Mitsui companies are committed to respecting and following the laws and regulations of the countries in which they do business, including those pertaining to customs, antitrust, anti-boycott, international trade controls, employment, and the environment, and to maintaining high ethical standards. Mitsui industries actively seek to develop more energy-efficient products, and to reduce the impact of their activities on the environment by correctly collecting, separating and disposing of waste; following safety procedures to prevent accidents and chemical spills and contain their damage in mines and in the oceans; and recycling. Company policy emphasizes buying and using products certified by Eco Mark, a program supported by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) that identifies products suitable for preservation of the environment. Mitsui itself produces environment-friendly cleaning products and services. Shipping containers that have outlived their usefulness at sea are refurbished to be used as storage units, garages, offices, shops, and even living spaces. Mitsui companies are committed to educating their employees to preserve the environment, both in their business and personal lives. Mitsui Group companies actively engage in their communities through corporate giving, scholarships and support for the arts. The Mitsui USA Foundation, established in 1987, extended its support to cross-cultural organizations and New York cultural institutions, such as The Metropolitan Opera. Today it supports more than 50 projects across the U.S., with half of its budget going to educational programs such as college scholarships, study abroad, forums, international affairs fellowships, and high-school international student exchanges to Japan to encourage international understanding and strengthen U.S.-Japan relations; approximately 30 percent targets community welfare, focusing on support of disabled individuals. The Institute for Financial and Economic Research (金融経済研究所= 金研: Kinken) of the former Mitsui Bank donated the Mitsui Collection to the University of Pittsburgh East Asian library, containing over 64,000 volumes of books and journals on economic theory, fiscal policy and company history, making it available to scholars worldwide Companies with close ties to the Mitsui Group - Sagami Railway - Tokyo Broadcasting System - Oriental Land - N.serve Environmental Services GmbH - John Hall, Japan: From Prehistory to Modern Times (1970), 290. - Hiroshi Shinjō, History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-Economy (1962), 11. - Mitsui India, History. - Mitsui.com, Corporate Profile. Retrieved October 7, 2015. - Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.), Inc., Corporate Profile Retrieved October 7, 2015. - Mitsui.com, Mitsui USA Foundation. ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees - Hall, John Whitney. Japan: From Prehistory to Modern Times. In Delacorte World History. New York: Delacorte Press, 1970. ISBN 0297002376. - Roberts, John G. Mitsui Empire; Three Centuries of Japanese Business. New York: Weatherhill, 1973. ISBN 0834800802. - Shinjō, Hiroshi. History of the Yen: 100 Years of Japanese Money-Economy. Kobe: Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kōbe University, 1962. All links retrieved November 9, 2022. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: - Mitsui history - 三井本館 history - Mitsukoshi history - Mitsui_O.S.K._Lines history - Mitsui_Chemicals history - Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation history The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.

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Sarah Delphey: Welcome to Tuesday Talks, a live discussion series where we bring truth and shed light across brand identity and the communications industry. My name is Sarah Delphey and I'm the VP of Trust Solutions here at Numeracle, and I'm going to be co-hosting today's session with Frank Pettinato, the CEO at Avantive Solutions. Hi, Frank, it's good to see you again. Frank Pettinato: Thanks, Sarah, for having me on for another podcast. I'm especially excited about today's subject and look forward to an exciting half hour. Sarah Delphey: For those who don't know, we had a joint session together at the Call and Contact Center Expo in Las Vegas, where we did a live Master Classe and got really great reception; a lot of folks came to join it live or viewed it online afterwards. With a lot of the feedback that we received, we tried to be really informative about what we provide, what we're putting forward, and put that even ahead of our own business interest. It's really about making sure that people understand what the product does do, doesn't do, what the benefits are, what the limitations are, and try and cut through some of the insane confusion about what folks are supposed to do this day and age while trying to deliver phone calls. For anybody who didn't see the full Master Class and would like to see that, it's viewable on the Numeracle website and will share a link to view it online. With some of the topics for today, we're going to talk about a couple of the things, like questions that came out of that session that we didn't have time to cover or that we wanted to talk about in a little bit more depth. We got a lot of questions about the fact that there's a lot going on. We gave a lot of information about how folks should be making calls but they wanted to know what all the risks are that they should be thinking about and how to break it down for them because they don't even know where to start. Frank, it just seems people are really confused. Frank Pettinato: I agree; the audience was very engaged for the Master Class and I was pleased at the number of folks that took time to sit in our session and learn about branded calling and outbound dialing strategies. Some of the follow up questions we had about our topics like risks, the regulatory side, implementation, and a lot about the justification of cost or return on investment. What are metrics that can be used to evaluate it, and how do brands implement it in order to gain and garner the benefit that we've seen over the last couple of years? Sarah Delphey: That's why I want to run through those a bit more today and talk about some of the risks that service providers face when heading into that calling ecosystem. We have a graphic/visual aid that I'm going to speak to that we'll make sure is available on the Numeracle website and I'm going to speak to it live. If you're just listening on audio, you're not missing anything, but I think it really helps consolidate what we're talking about. If you'd like to take a look at that, we'll make sure it's available alongside the podcast audio. I really want to distill down the comments of, "Okay, you've told me that there's a lot of things, and I'm basically terrified of being able to complete phone calls." That's some of the feedback we got after our Maste rClasses. "Can you give me a little bit more of a breakdown of what that is and what's going on?" I want to simplify, when you're entering into the calling space, that there's kind of three categories of big risks that callers face. One is their customer and business risks, so, risks involving their own customers and their business. When you're making calls, you may have poor call practices, and one of those metric-driven outcomes, that Frank can speak more eloquently about, is low answer rates. You're going to have low conversions and lowered success. When folks don't want to talk to you or you haven't set things up properly, you can run into customer complaints or do not call requests to be removed from call lists. It's important for your customers to be happy, but it's also really important for your agents to be happy. If your agents feel like they're not offering value to the folks that they're calling and they're just an annoyance, that's going to come through on those conversations, and it's going to be a problem if you have to make more phone calls because you're not being as successful. That comes with a high cost. The other thing I talked about a little bit and I'll go over briefly here are the legal risks. Disclaimer, I'm not a lawyer so please talk to your own lawyer; I'm not able to give you legal advice on this. There's a whole increasing list of different legal rules that come into play when you're looking to enter the calling ecosystem like certain rules about consent under the TCPA when you need to collect that and when you don't. There are Do Not Call lists and rules about if your recipients are on those Do Not Call list which changes the way that you interact with them depending on the nature of the communication that you're making. You also have to think about your caller ID presentation. Are you being labeled as scam or spam? Have you enabled your caller ID? Do you have branding enabled? Is that something you want to do? How do you need to present your calls, from a legal perspective, to make sure that you're clear and transparent? There are rules about timing, there are rules about context, there are rules about content, what you can and can't say, when you can call somebody, and of course, data privacy. You can only disclose if you're making a collections call or a call related to private medical information, how much you can list. It's the second arm of these risks that we're talking about and why it's really important to have both partners that understand these rules and regulations in the business, but also to make sure you have good advice yourself because every business is different and every call campaign is different. Making sure you have access to good legal advice that can be provided specific to your organization is really important, especially for somebody new coming into this. The last thing I'll put in the arm of risks are those phone vendor and network risks. These are things that are somewhat outside your control, but are things that will impact you and your business. Like call blocking and labeling, which, obviously, is directly connected to your calling practices, but is done by an external party. You can have penalties or suspensions with your vendor if you have complaints or if there are poor traffic metrics, which can have a huge impact. For anybody who doesn't know, I used to run the fraud department at a carrier and this was my job to do. We did suspend customers on occasion when there were issues that couldn't be resolved. It did have an impact, and unfortunately, we would try and give as many warnings as we could, but if there were consumers that were being impacted, it was what it was. We had to take actions to stop the harm that was being done and the crime that was being done. On that same note, if your vendor has an outage because there's enforcement action against them or one of their partners and they get taken out of route or they have a disruption, it could be very disruptive to your business. Then of course, the thing that plagues a lot of businesses today is third party spoofing, where somebody is using your phone number. Usually we see this with businesses that are at a higher risk of being targeted, like banks or government institutions, but it can also happen incidentally for certain businesses by a fraudulent actor. I'm going to talk more about what drives that, but Frank, I'd like to get your input on this because this is something that you know far better than I do. All three of those are driven by the experience and how you're setting things up. All of this is going to be determined before you even start making and dialing outbound, and it's going to be set up by if you've improperly set your client expectations and not obtained appropriate consent, that's going to drive all three of these risks and it's going to drive consumer complaints, which creates a feedback loop. If you're making unwanted phone calls and those consumers complain, those complaints can impact the way that your calls are being labeled. Your calls may be labeled as scams and become even less successful or result in more complaints. There's a snowball effect that can happen if this is something you do after the fact versus setting yourself up for success from the beginning. If you are blasting out calls to leads that maybe don't have a good connection or weren't properly set up and don't see value in what you're offering, those poor call statistics can come back at you if you're not being clear about upfront about your caller identity and why you're calling. Who are you? Why are you calling somebody? And again, if you choose partners that may be at risk of being disrupted in their business, that can also cause a problem as well for you. It's not just their problem, it can be your problem as well. I wanted to run through that real quickly just to recap some of that information from the event and really get Frank's take on it again as well. Frank, anything you wanted to add on that piece? Frank Pettinato: First of all, this is a great visual on the dynamics of outbound calling and the risks. There are other variables here like landline versus wireless where the wireless consent is critical and there are a lot of state regulations as well as the TCPA that have to be taken into account. It's important that anyone who's partaking in outbound calling understands their consent, understands their customers, members, patients, the arrangements that you have, the state regulations, the TCPA, and other similar state level TCPAs, in order to make a robust model on how you're going to execute your outbound calling. The labeling piece is important. These days, a lot of outbound calls are made using SIP, and that's where basically where 90+, probably almost 100%, of the scam calls are because of the low cost structure. Simply using a SIP vendor puts you at risk and when your primary SIP vendor, who may be a reliable vendor, hands it off to perhaps a vendor that is not as robust. There could be chances that your calls could be unknowingly blocked at any point as that outbound call is being sent to a recipient. This is a real impact to performance, and you talked about that in the customer business risks and the low answer rates, which could be a result of labeling spam/scam. Also high costs of not being able to contact the folks that you actually want to contact to conduct business and agent dissatisfaction is a brilliant addition to this. At the end of the day, we need to rely on this critical asset, which is our agents, in order to engage with customers, members, prospects, patients, or whomever we're calling, and have a smile on their face the whole time. If they're not getting a lot of high answer rates or they're hearing on the call that a recipient is seeing that it's a scam/spam call, that is a major dissatisfier. I would tell you that another tactical piece to take into account are the number of caller IDs you use so that you're not heavily concentrating a lot of outbound calls on one number because that's a red flag. And the considerations of branded calling, which we're going to talk about as we go through today's presentation, as a mitigation factor because that prepares the callee to receive a call from a brand that they hopefully are expecting a call from, which makes that transaction just all that much better and potentially increases live answer rates if it's a sales call or potentially increases conversion rates. I think that is a critical component of mitigating those risks. I would say the biggest mitigation strategies are one: understand your compliance and really be intimate with it, two: have good hygiene of your caller ID numbers by making sure they're registered, making sure that they're yours to use, and making sure you're using a low ratio so that you're not highly concentrating a lot of calls on a caller ID, and three: consider branded calling as a strategy because it will allow not only for the calls to be completed because the carriers understand that you must be a serious brand if you're going through the effort of branding your call, but, a recipient may be predisposed to pick up that number, pick up that phone, and engage with you, which is ultimately the outcome. Thanks for putting that slide together. I think it's awesome. Sarah Delphey: There's so many risks listed on here. Do you have any other thoughts for anyone new to this ecosystem on what's the most important thing that somebody needs to focus on to mitigate their risks? Frank Pettinato: I think it's a continuum. At the beginning, the concept of consent and non-consent dialing on wireless/mobile, it's really important to understand what that is. Do you have the ability to call whomever you're trying to call on their wireless phone? Make sure that you're compliant with the TCPA and all state regulations. I think that's the starting point. From there, it becomes tactical. Make sure you're working with robust carriers that have good reputations. Make sure that you're not overly concentrating caller IDs, and consider branded calling. The low quality carrier piece is big. If you actually started pulling statistics of calls that are actually getting blocked, it's pretty staggering (or marked as labeled). A service that Numeracle offers is related to the number hygiene, where they will actually be looking at your caller IDs to make sure they're not inappropriately being marked as spam and scam, and then you can either take that number out of rotation to put a rest on it or whatever action you choose to take will increase your performance. So it is a small investment that is worthwhile. Sarah Delphey: I agree with you. From my perspective in my past on the carrier fraud side, I would give a very similar answer, which is, yes, of course you need to make sure you're accomplishing your legal basics and obligations in terms of the consent that you need to collect. Then it's about that value proposition and controlling for what you can control and taking advantage of items like branded calling. When it comes to how you track that ROI and those metrics for branded calling, how do you recommend that folks track those? Let's say they have different carriers that are offering branding solutions, and each one is reporting back to you. How do you cut through that noise and really figure out what the value is of branded calling? Frank Pettinato: That's an excellent question. A lot of it has to do with the use case, of which there are many. Let's take the most typical use case, which would be an outbound telemarketing call, which is most likely the highest volume. There's a cost, and if you're in a business where you're doing a lot of attempts, you may choose not to brand every single attempt in order to optimize your cost structure. The other part is, is the recipient expecting a call from your specific brand? Because, you could actually de-incentivize someone from answering the call if they're not expecting a call from your brand or in some cases, who don't even know your brand. But the opposite is true. If it is a well known brand or a brand that the recipient is perhaps interested in speaking to or expecting, then your ROI may be very positive you're going to get highly engaged, motivated people answering the phone. Sarah Delphey: Frank, that's one of the most simple thoughts and I saw so many nodding heads when you mentioned that at the conference who really hadn't put it together. Which is simple, right? If folks know you and they want to talk to you, branding your communications adds so much value. I think about my experience when telling somebody this the other day, that when someone calls me, I hear my phone go off, but it doesn't give me any indication of whether or not that's anything I want to see. The first indication I get is when I look at the caller ID and I make that decision. I'm somebody that does not like to answer the phone live; I am not a live talker unless I know you. I'm just going to let you go to the voicemail most of the time. But, you're exactly right. I'm somebody where, if I know you, I want to talk to you because I have a relationship with you. It makes all the difference in the world as to whether I'm going to pick it up. Frank Pettinato: I think there are other high value transactions that branding, in this case, assuming you did everything else right like you've got your consent/your non-consent, you've got your caller ID, hygiene, then we can talk about branding here. If there are high value transactions where you absolutely need to get a hold of a patient or a member like of an insurance company, especially our older population who are basically told not to answer the phone if they don't know who's calling, this is where branded calling on a wireless network really makes sense. The value there is high not only for the brand, but it also gives comfort to the recipient that they're talking to their own insurance company, or talking to their doctor's office, or the nurse is calling them. Or think about another brand, like your cable company is calling you, it's awesome, you love my cable company and you can't wait to talk to them. Sarah Delphey:Not my experience, personally. Frank Pettinato: Well, it's wishful thinking, right? What we found is when we listen to a lot of phone calls from the early days to try and understand what the reaction was both at the agent level and the consumer level, we generally found that if someone is interested in answering the call because they see the brand, the call starts off very positive. That initial block I have when I don't know who you are and I have some distrust goes away. Then, it's a favorable interaction which benefits both the consumer/member/patient as well as the agent and there's a lot of satisfaction, where typically the outcome of those calls is closer to being a net positive. They're positive interactions, therefore they end positively. The opposite is if someone chooses not to answer the call because they're not interested in speaking to the brand, they've basically saved you a little bit of time, theoretically. Hence, the reason why I often like to rotate caller IDs or branded calling on and off is because you may get somebody to answer the phone when it's unbranded and then you have an opportunity to give them the pitch. We don't want to preclude someone listening to an awesome offer to buy some amazing service simply because we branded it with a brand that they may not be interested in speaking to at that moment. Sarah Delphey: They see it and they go, I don't have a current account so this must be a sales pitch. It makes sense and I think that drives back around to thinking it's circular in the other direction as much as complaints drive poor call metrics, and it makes it even more the snowball effect that happens in the opposite direction. If you start out positively, you create those positive interactions which are reflected in the call records and in a lack of complaints and long talk times and all of these things drive to positive reputations, which lowers your likelihood of being spam rated. This is another thing that I think really resonated at the conference is thinking about the fact that carriers are people too. They absolutely do not want to block legitimate phone calls that their subscribers want to receive. So, there was a lot of frustration from folks of saying, "Why would they do this? My calls are legal. How could they do this to me? Why won't somebody stop them?" But, I think you and I are both of the same mindset where there's so little information that somebody in that position has when they're trying to make a decision that it's really mostly driven by complaints and it's driven by call metrics. If you don't give that an opportunity to be a negative factor for you in the way that you've described, then it's only going to service you even better and feedback into those positives as well. Frank Pettinato: Sarah, a couple of points come to mind, or what we'll call surprises, that we found using branded calling. One is customer-initiated return phone calls. Someone may be busy or away from their phone, but now it's branded, so they actually see the name of the company on their phone and they redial, so we get a lot more inbound calls, which is awesome because I love when people call us versus we calling them. Another amazing statistic is an increase in Net Promoter Score. Many brands do post-interaction Net Promoter Score surveys, and the customers that received a branded call had an interaction, positive or negative in the sense that it was either successful or unsuccessful, ended up giving a wildly higher Net Promoter Score, perhaps because they were brand advocates to start. But that one metric has been proven over, at this point a year plus, of collecting data; it's very consistent. Net Promoter Scores have increased when a recipient gets a branded phone call, so we're excited. I was going to give some context via a use case that I like. Many of us on the phone have pets and from time to time, and it's unfortunate, pets do get lost whether they run away or for whatever purpose. Typically, pet recovery companies try to put a microchip in your pet so that a vet office, police station, or shelter can read that chip, contact pet recovery service and say, "Hey, we found Fifi. Please call the pet parent and tell them that we found them." That's a pretty important phone call that the pet parent should be expecting because they really want their dog back. The brand typically uses an 800-number, which is innocuous, and I wouldn't expect anyone to remember the 800-number of their pet recovery service. Sarah Delphey: I would not remember. Frank Pettinato: When we started branding it, we saw a lot of amazing things happen. The time it takes to get a pet back to their parent has decreased significantly, we saw a 25% increase in unique contacts, so that means we contacted 25% more people and saw a 15% increase in live answer rates. But it was the call recordings that were the amazing part. People literally said on the phone call, "I would have not answered this phone call unless it was branded. Thank you for finding my pet." People were in tears; you could just imagine the emotions. This is the magic of a simple aspect of a use case for branded calling that is so high-value. I think we can all understand it if we were in that situation. We get so many phone calls that I don't know who they are, but cutting through the noise on an important phone call is critical. And you can apply this to anything - insurance company calling members, medical practice calling patients, whomever. Sarah Delphey: Or I have one of these four hour windows for the delivery of my furniture where I have to sit and wait around. If that company calls and I see their logo, I'm going to pick up immediately so I can finally schedule for them to come by and deliver it. When it's an expected wanted communication, it creates all the value in the world. Frank Pettinato: Visiting nurses is another one because the nurses have to call the patient to let them know they're on their way. If they patient is not familiar with the number, they may not get a hold of somebody. It just drives a lot of efficiency. Sarah Delphey: Well, I do want to leave some time right at the end for a live question and this is a good one for you, Frank. The ease of implementation for branding, do you have any recommendations for that? Can you talk more about how do you put that together? Is it complicated, especially if you're using multiple different processes? Frank Pettinato: That's a great question. The market has evolved quickly over the last 24 months and it's a bit fragmented in the sense that each carrier has to be touched independently. A company like Numeracle has built those relationships up, and more importantly, has consolidated some of the reporting and Smart Branding that allows your customers to take a look and, in real-time, see exactly what's happening. I'd say the implementation process is not incredibly complicated. There's a lot of compliance, documentation for making sure that you have the authority to use the brand, which totally makes sense. Once all that information is provided, Numeracle will send that off to all the different carriers and their carriers' partners, and get that set up. It's all done out-of-band at the network level, so very little or, if any work, needs to be done on your own telephony platform. You may choose to use the branded calling on some caller IDs and not; you may use alternate caller IDs to rotate it on and off. I mean, those are things that can be managed at the dialer level, but since it's all out of network on the cloud, once you register the caller ID that is going to get a treatment, it happens. Then the reports that come back vary by carrier; some come back with some very rich data, including number of calls that are blocked or basically flagged. You'll see that once you start branding that number and the amount of those calls goes down. But I would say it's a matter of preference; I'm a big advocate of not branding every single call. At least now I think there's a maturity cycle in the marketplace where consumers need to get more comfortable in understanding branded calling, but from a cost mitigation standpoint, it's a good strategy to kind of consider judiciously, and look at the ROI and then continue to manage your investment appropriately. Sarah Delphey: I want to say thank you, Frank, for joining and for sharing your expertise, we will certainly be hearing more from you, and thank you to everybody for joining us for another episode of Tuesday Talks. If this topic resonated with you, you can check out our Master Classes which are available online. If you can't get enough of Sarah and Frank and you need to hear more from us or from others on our Sales and Marketing teams, you can access those on the website and in the shownotes section of this episode anywhere you're streaming it. Keep in mind, there's not a one size fits all solution for this, but the class has some more information with more visual aids on everything that we've covered today, and a deeper dive on how how you can empower your team with a customer centric approach in mind, which we do love, on how can we create value and drive those wanted expected communications. Just keep in mind, our next live episode is going to be Tuesday, June 6th, so be sure to register to join us live. We hope to see you there and thank you again, Frank, for joining us. Frank Pettinato: Thanks, Sarah. Thanks everyone for joining.

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We Appreciate Your Feedback! Scott Stein (recent) UPDATE: Three years ago, I had some nice things to say about Josh and Nathan and the gang over at Southern Cycles. Do you want to know the truth these days? I totally understated how great they all are! Back then, I spoke mainly about their prices beating everyone (and I mean everyone) else's. However, in the time since, I have found that their prices are merely the beginning of how amazing they are. The single most important factor is their character. All the buzz words that you want to hear about your motorcycle mechanic are 100% applicable: trust, reliability, honesty, thorough, committed, caring, etc. All true! Of course, their work ethic is also top-notch. So you get the best humans offering the best work for the lowest prices around? Hmm? No, maybe you shouldn't go to them. Who wants any of that? Keep going to that other place where they overcharge and under-deliver. (hint: you will know them by the initials HD in their name). Jabbing aside, Southern Cycles really is the better option. 3 YEARS AGO: I had been waiting for months to go to Daytona Bike Week to get my tires replaced with Michelin Commander II tires, but I decided I could not wait any longer to get the new tires. Their condition was just too poor to trust to a 100-mile ride. So I went to a local shop that my buddy, Gallegher, recommended: Southern Cycles, LLC. Boy, am I glad I did! After I got back from Daytona, I knew what I paid and what I would have paid had I waited. Southern Cycles - $390 J&P Cycles Destination Daytona Superstore with "Fix Cycles" installing - $480 Southern Cycles wins big time! And I win big time! Plus, now I know where the best deal in town can be found. And I love supporting local businesses, especially when the loyal relationship will benefit me in the long run. ;-) P.S. I also priced my Vance & Hines Pro Pipe at the V&H booth at Destination Daytona versus Southern Cycle. Southern Cycle wins again! They're gonna end up with all of my business. ;-) Thanks again guys! Preston J. (recently) BLACKTOP III / 20210802- TOP OF THE DAY TO YOU ALL. Like most motorcycle enthusiasts, we are very optimistic about who works on our motorcycles. Saying so, I must admit, I am very impressed with the continued service, professionalism, and knowledge bestowed within this crew of service providers and professionals. Saying so; Southern Cycles have extremely exceeded my expectations servicing my 2017 HD Ultra Limited. From the door; full fluid change at an exceptional price With Recommendations/ suggestive input and installation of my aftermarket motorcycle parts were installed with optimum precision and clean appearance. Extremely satisfied with this crew of professionals and knowledge. I have recommended a few of my friends to Southern Cycles; they have been very satisfied and amazed by their experience. Needless to say, I would definitely recommend this group of professional and knowledgeable motorcycle enthusiasts to any one without hesitation. Experience it for yourself !! Brian A. (recent) Nate & Josh always go the extra mile to take care of their customers! What we are all looking for polite and responsive communication, straightforward quotes, and the ability to get your bike in and get it fixed in a reasonable amount of time. Thank you all for the honest work and advice ! Paul B. (recent) I was just cleaning out a drawer and found their business card from an experience I had a couple years ago and thought I would write a review. I was riding along 1-4 when my rear tire blew. Being from NY, I had no idea where I could get help in terms of a tow and a new tire. After calling several numbers I found on Yelp with little success, I tried Southern Cycles. They referred me to a tow truck driver who was one of the nicest fellows you could meet and who charged an extremely reasonable price and they found me a tire and got it installed that day - again at a very reasonable price and they were super friendly and easy to deal with. The card they gave me says "Honest * Certified * Affordable" and that sums up my experience with them. If I lived in the area they would be my go to place for maintaining my motorcycle. Chris T. (recent) Bought a new rear tire for my bike from southern cycles. They got me right in and fixed a minor issue I had forgotten about. I will definitely use them again. Support this veteran owned business. Al A. (recent) I brought my Harley Road Glide to Southern Cycle because a friend of mine highly recommended them. I spoke to Nate who thoroughly went through the recommended items on the list that needed immediate repair and service. Nate was patient and explained in detail all the issues pertaining to my bike. I had new tires and a full service with OEM bushings being replaced with new poly bushings. When I received my bike it was like a new bike. To Nate and the guys in the back thanks for your honesty and your expertise. You guys have a new customer. And I live 63 miles away. Nate and the guys are just utter professionals and do the work right. Prices are fair and work guaranteed so no worries. Nate, Josh and the crew are veterans and I like to support them. Can’t go wrong bringing your scoot to this shop. Keep the rubber side down 😄 Steve B. (recent) Had a leaking fork seal. Looked up their business on line and was happy with their reviews. Called and talked with Nathan and made an appointment to have my bike fixed. I was very pleased with the outcome. When speaking with Josh I was told that previous repair was not done right and was missing parts. The work was done in a timely fashion, at a good price and very professional and friendly service. Also very knowledgeable. Just found a new bike shop. Thanks again guys Genevieve T. (recent) LOVE this business!! The mechanics here know their stuff 👍 All staff here is kind, friendly, knowledgeable, helpful and professional. They really care about their customers and their community ☺ We were first time customers but now we are loyal customers. Thanks Nate, you're awesome!! ⭐⭐ Joseph F. (recent) Forget ever going to the dealer again for any service, Southern Cycles provides superior top notch service much sooner and at a way better price. Nathan & Josh are super knowledgeable about my bike, explained everything up front, got my bike in on time and had me out right on schedule. They answered all my questions and never tried to up sell at all. When I asked about them installing a couple of aftermarket products I thought would be cool to have, they informed me it would really be a waste of money for me. I greatly appreciate the honesty and integrity. You have a customer for life. Thank you guys. Brian R. (recent) Southern Cycles is the best non-dealer location to get your bike worked on. I have a 2018 Indian Springfield and they always get it right the first time. I cannot describe the level of professionalism, gratitude and high level of earnest effort they always deliver. Clean, fast and always exceed my expectations. Johan L. (recent) I originally took my bike to Southern Cycles at a recommendation about 2 years ago. They are absolutely are my go to when it comes to my bike. This review is a long time coming. They guys are upfront, honest, and direct, putting your safety, and their morals before all else. Everyone in the shop are kind, knowledgeable, and will treat your bike as if it were their own, going the extra mile to make sure that you, and your bike are properly taken care of. I can't say enough good things about these guys, and the shop. I won't take my bike anywhere else. Wayne K. (recent) I rarely write a review of a product or service. But Southern Cycles deserves one. I always research a product or service to ensure I get my monies worth. In the case of using a motorcycle repair shop, poor service could potentially cost me my life. I recently had another bike shop perform some primary upgrades to my Harley. The mechanic I chose had great reviews and was recommended to me by people I know. When I picked my bike up, I noticed two big issues right away. I went back to him and he fixed one problem but not the other. I lost my trust in this mechanic. I ended up taking my bike to Southern Cycles to fix the other problem. Nathan spent time talking to me about my bike problems, how his shop operates, his philosophy about running a cycle repair shop, etc. He gained my faith and trust enough that I made an appointment to have his shop fix the problem left by the previous repair shop. Nathan’s mechanic found shims laying in the bottom of the primary case. One was mangled and broken. It had obviously been caught up in the chain and sprockets. The primary chain was also way to tight. Those problems were fixed. The repairs were made quickly and at a reasonable cost. Nathan and his mechanics have earned my trust. I will take my bike to Southern Cycles for any future work I may need. Great place and even better employees. Brought my bike there for a service and they did an incredible job! They even fixed my brake wire for no charge. The price is awesome here and its definitely going to be my go to spot for my bike. Jim M. (recent) If you are using ANY other bike repair facility....you are making a mistake! I found these guys years ago and never looked back. I am a rider, not a mechanic. Nathan and Josh have always been honest and straight forward with me. They say what they do...and do what they say. Don't see that anymore. As long as I'm riding, these guys have my business. Harold M. (recent) Nathan and Josh exceeded my expectations. They treat your bike like its their own. Professional, courteous and polite. Just a great shop to deal with. They will be my go to going forward. Fred N. (recent) I don’t usually take the time to write reviews despite relying on reviews to research a business I want to visit. This time however I must share my experience with Southern Cycles. I believe reading this is all you need to know about Southern Cycles. Nathan, Josh and the crew are simply put honest and masters at their craft. Honest in their repair assessments and in their pricing. I had my bike shipped to them thinking the starter went out and I did let them know that I was certain and very sure that the starter was bad. I even had checked the battery with my battery tender and it was fine, it had to be starter that was bad and not kicking in. Well, I was prepared for the bad news but instead Nathan calls and tells me the battery is bad and the starter is fine. I even asked if he was sure, it couldn't be. Nathan could have easily said that it was the starter and I couldn’t have agreed more but instead he saved me hundreds of dollars. This is exactly why I got two of my buddies to go to Southern Cycles and they each are very satisfied. Honest, knowledgeable and reliable what else do you need. Tony F. (recent) I’m a first time customer driving through town and broke down nearby. I found Nathan’s shop by sheer good luck. He got me back on the road and when I told him I was interested in getting stock mufflers for my bike, instead of charging me, he found another of his customers who was willing to swap. He very easily could have charged me but he didn’t. He did the work I needed and now my bike is running perfect. If I lived here, he would be my mechanic, honest and fair prices, you can’t beat it. Jaciento G. (recent) Awesome motorcycle shop, would recommend to everyone in need of a top notch place for all their motorcycle needs. Wendell W (recent) Great folks to deal with. Honest, cordial and respectful of their customers at half the price and twice the quality of what big-name "dealerships" offer. Won't use anyone else as long as I'm in Central Florida. Jay O. (recent) Its my go-to mechanic shop for not just mine but my wife's bike as well. They were referred to us by a friend whos also a customer and everything has been fantastic. They do very good work, reasonably priced and will help you with any repairs, upgrades or custom work you need. All I can say is I've been impressed and will keep coming here for all my bike needs. Mike K. (recent) I ride an '03 FLHR that I've owned since new. I have also been going to Southern Cycles for general services, tires and repairs on my bike for a number of years now and have been extremely pleased with their quality of work and professional manner. The folks in this shop provide a variety of services at extremely fair and competitive prices. They are also very timely in their follow-up to make sure that their customers are completely satisfied with the work performed. Nathan, Josh and the entire team at Southern Cycles have worked hard over the years to build their reputation as the premier bike (American and metric) shop in the central Florida area. The fact that they had to move into a larger location recently speaks to the successful growth of their company. They are adept at repairs and service on the latest models as well as the older bikes out there. I truly appreciate doing business with a shop that will give you an honest breakdown of parts and/or services required. I highly recommend that anyone who rides any brand bike out there check this shop out. Adriana Brower 9 months ago Visiting is always a pleasure ! Seeing my husband and everybody else in this family team, hard at work, barely stopping to eat when people need them, keeps me humble and grateful for what really matters: people helping people. Stephen Lane 1 year ago I’m so glad I found this place. Southern Cycles is hands down the best place to take your bike for repair and service. Experienced, knowledgeable, and professional staff, they really know their stuff. I’ve been taking my Heritage there for several years and have never been disappointed. Trustworthy and honest service at fair and reasonable prices. Very highly recommended, wouldn’t take my bike anywhere else. Michael Barron 1 year ago Southern Cycles has my business for as long as I own a motorcycle. Their prices are great, the service and professionalism is something that is lacking in todays market place and I greatly appreciate it. Rest assured that I will be bringing my bike back to them for any of my future needs. It is refreshing in this day and age to find a shop like this one, one which offers quality service with a reasonable price. I will be recommending this shop to anyone I encounter who is looking for service or repairs. Jim Kirk 11 months ago I have been using Southern Cycles for all my bike's service. They are always professional and reasonably priced. I have been going there since I found them in 2016. I wouldn't go anywhere else for any bike repairs. Don Nemeth 1 year ago Great people to deal with. Nate and crew take the time to make sure it's done right. They will take better care of your bike than you will ever get at a dealer and the prices are far better than you will get at a dealer. They will make recommendations on things you might need, but will never pressure you and they will not try to sell you something you don't need. Nate and his crew will take care of your bike as if it was their own. You will not be disappointed. Kevin Mernan 1year ago I have my work done here because the work is excellent but most of all the scheduling and communication are outstanding - very rare for a motorcycle or vehicle service business. Appointments are kept on time and everything is handled to "military precision". Also, you can arrange to have your bike detailed at the shop after your work is done. Tracy. 1 year ago My husband Dennis googled for motorcycle shops near by because we needed a rear tire for our Harley. Thankfully we found Southern Cycles! Nathan was very fair with his pricing & had our bike back to us like he said we would so we could get to bike week. Awesome! Then he called my husband a few days later to check on him & see how the tire did. This is very rare in this day & age! This shows he cares about his customers & work. We recommend them for your motorcycle needs. Already referred 1 friend & will continue to refer. Thank you Nathan! Jeff Stamper 1 year ago Southern Cycles is a excellent motorcycle repair shop. These guys are honest, professional and are very knowledgeable. I recommend them. Great mechanics. The best repair shop in Central Florida. A+++++ ☆☆☆☆☆5 Stars! Kristina Ferry 1 year ago From the second I called Southern Cycles I knew I was in good hands. Honest, reliable, communicative and fairly priced are just some of the reasons why everyone should use them. Nathan and Wayne exemplified the customer service experience. Cannot say enough good things about this shop and their employees. Sarah Wright 1 year ago My husband took his bike there for the 1st time. Wonderful and knowledgeable staff. They had reasonable prices and did great work! I would highly recommend this shop for your motorcycles. My husband will continue to come here to have work done to his bike! They also will upgrade your bike with accessories and parts. Jeffery Williams 2 years ago I've had a few things done on my bike here, including new tires. I must say that the customer service is wonderful, and the pricing is fair. I also appreciated the fact that they provide options to accommodate your needs vs more money. They also followed up with me to find out how my new tires felt after my trip. Wonderful people! David Seely 2 years ago This place is the best. I was fortunate enough to meet Nathan years ago when he was working out of his garage. His honesty and great work has materialized into the phenomenal shop that he and Josh have today. If you own a bike, you know that it is a part of your family (of your soul) and you want to treat it as such. The only place to go is Southern Cycles. They actually "care" which is something that you'll never find at a dealership. I recently purchased a new Triumph and it will never be touched by any other shop than Southern Cycles. Well worth the ride from anywhere in Central Florida. A big THANK YOU to Nathan, Josh and the team at Southern Cycles. Albert Caplan 2 years ago Every member of their team is extremely knowledgeable and honest. Had plenty of opportunity to sell me more expensive items but recommended what was best for my bike, regardless of cost. Excellent communication and finished the job exactly when they said they would. Highly recommend to anyone without hesitation. Randall Garman 2 years ago Awesome professional business owner. Bought my first bike a few weeks ago and took it there for a new rear tire and complete look over and service and was very impressed with finished results. These guys are good honest folks. May God bless this business. Stephen Cover 2 years ago Took my 2005 Glide to Southern Cycles. I asked for a full checkup on my motorcycle. Nathan was very honest in telling me what needed work and what didn't. He kept all the parts he replaced to show me when I picked up my bike. Southern Cycles was upfront with the estimated cost and I am completely happy with the results. I most definitely will take my motorcycle again for any future work. I highly recommend Southern Cycles. Chris Hofer 3 years ago These guys are top notch, always have been! Always friendly and honest, super knowledgeable, awesome prices....I don't know why you wouldn't take your motorcycle here. They will continue to get all of my business for a long time. Daniel Goldsmith 3 years ago Great service! My neighbor recommended and he was right! They did a great job and really happy they took the time to go through my bike, make recommendations for what was necessary, what was recommended, and also what wasn’t needed to make it run good and safe. Their prices were very reasonable, and I really felt they were honest, upfront, and trustworthy. I would definitely recommend their shop! Scott Causey 6 years ago I highly recommend Southern Cycles to anyone who owns a motorcycle!! They came highly recommended by friends and I see why. Nate & Josh were the greatest and very knowledgeable. They took care of my Harley and I'm very particular of who I let work on it. They did what was needed, kept me in the loop the whole time and didn't try to up sell any unneeded services. Thanks guys...YOUR THE BEST!! Ron Williams 4 years ago These two guys are simply put "OUTSTANDING"! I have utilized them for many years and I am a very happy camper. They are informative, creative and friendly. I would recommend their service to anyone with any type of bike. Secondly, "HONEST", is a over used word, but, not with this team. I enjoy working with them. Jesus Rios 3 years ago Southern Cycles has the best prices around! They were super informative and welcoming. I came in with tons of questions and Nathan made sure to address all of them and gave me great advice. They took really good care of my bike and I left super happy with my service, definitely plan on returning here for future services and I would recommend this shop for sure! Terry C. 2 years ago To much good to say about this place. The only negative if it is one is they don't have enough room for all the motorcycles they are servicing. Which obviously they must be very good at what they do because they continue to grow their customer support. May 2019- Update is great news for Nathan, Josh, Wayne and the rest of the crew including all the clients, Southern Cycle has moved into a much larger facility and the service is even better. Thanks guys! Christopher Camacho 2 years ago To start off my bike was in bad shape with a baring problem that Harley-Davidson by were I live should’ve fix with ease but they didn’t even care about my situation, but southern cycles is a place were they care about their work they will fix other dealers mistakes and actually make it 10x better, great prices, awesome service plus they are Harley-Davidson certified. From now on there’s no other place I would go to. AWESOME SPOT for any fix on any motorcycle. Janet R. 4 years ago Great service...fast and professional. Bought a rear tire for my boyfriend's bike and everything was done properly. They tested the bike before handing it to us. Prices affordable. Great experience. Nick S. 3 years ago I couldn’t have had a better experience with the guys at Southern. Top notch customer service and knowledge. I have brought two different bikes to have work done and will not go to anyone else. You won’t be disappointed just look at the positive reviews!!! BRONX T. 5 YEARS AGO Best shop I've been to. I have a 2015 road glide and wouldn't just let anyone touch it. Nate and the guys are great. Great pricing, great service, and they actually know their customers. I recommend them to anyone no matter what kind of motorcycle you ride! L.S. 4 YEARS AGO As a new rider with little knowledge of where to service my bike, I was glad someone referred me to Southern Cycles. I always try to support smaller local businesses rather than mega-dealerships and there isn't another shop in town I would entrust my Sportster to. Always great service at fair prices. Nathan and Josh have always been very friendly and helpful so much so I actually look forward to bike services. Highly recommended. Monkey D - 2/28/14 I can't believe it's been 5 years since I first started going to Nate and now Southern Cycles is a reality. I love this shop and everyone in it. They are understanding of each bikers needs and always take time to make sure that the job is done right. I've seen the prices that other bike shops around Orlando are offering (I'm talking to you Cycle Pro! >:( and I feel extremely fortunate to know that I'm not being shafted in any way when I come through. That's called peace of mind and that to me is priceless. Best bike shop in Orlando hands down. Can't be compared to anyone else. Southern Cycles is where it's at! Jonathan F. 02/05/2014 I've used these folks now for about a year to service my 2013 Heritage Softtail Classic. They charge reasonable prices. They tell you the truth and don't try to upsell you. They're involved in the local biker community. And they're very conveniently located for Apopka residents. I HIGHLY recommend them. Ask for Nathan or Josh. You won't regret it. I recently purchased a Harley Davidson Road King and did not like handlebars on bike. I inquired with the Harley dealership I purchased bike from and was a bit shocked at the price they quoted me to switch out handlebars for higher ones. Southern Cycle had serviced my past bike (Yamaha V-Star) and they treated me right then so I checked with them on changing out my handlebars. Nathan quoted me a third less what Harley quoted me! They ordered bars and when arrived installed them in a few hours! I have found in my dealings with Nathan and Josh that they are honest, don’t try to sell you anything you don’t need and go above and beyond in dealing with their customers. They will have my business as long as I own a motorcycle! I have recommended them to anyone I know who owns a motorcycle. Great shop! I have been coming to Nate and Josh since the beginning. They are honest, reliable professionals. Their prices are very competitive, the work is done on a timely basis, and I've always been satisfied with the repairs/maintenance on my bike. You can't go wrong with Southern Cycles. I have several friends I've recommended them to, and they all still continue coming back If you're looking for an honest and affordable motorcycle shop, you've found it. After using several shops in and around Orlando (CF Powersports, Orlando YK, Cycle One, etc.), someone recommended Southern Cycles. Even though it's a bit of a hike from downtown Orlando, I figured there's nothing wrong with a nice ride. And trust me, you won't be disappointed. Since finding Nate, Josh, and company, I've had my 2006Triumph Thruxton serviced several times. Oil changes, repairs, brake jobs, custom installations...all were expertly done, and all were very reasonable. It's also great that they will gladly take some time out to discuss and explain whatever fixes they are doing, and also make recommendations without trying to pull a fast one like other shops may. I will definitely keep coming back, and if you haven't stopped in, you owe it to yourself to check them out. Guys, just old Bill here with the 650 Suzuki Savage that you worked on this past week. I just wanted to compliment Josh (you to Nate, you got the parts) on the work he did on my little Suzuki. This scooter runs so much better than when I brought it in to you guys. It reminds me of the first 883 Sportster I bought when I got back into motorcycling oh 15 year ago or so. The Suzuki tricked out with the parts Josh installed on the bike make it run very much like that old 883 I had. I'm so glad I found you guys. For like 600 bucks parts and labor I now have a bike that I'm really in love with. Put about 120 miles on it today and had a grin on my face the whole time I was riding it. Thanks guys, Bill. Nathan is very professional and his guys do a great job. Looking forward to using his shop for many years to come! Best bike shop in Orlando. Nathan and Josh are always available to explain exactly what’s required to get you back on the road or dirt. A personable, small shop feel with all the facility and know-how of a big dealership. James Walsh – Apopka, FL Well worth going out of my way to have my bike worked on by them. Nate was very courteous and treated me as if I were an old friend. They had my bike fixed in a timely fashion and it runs better now than it ever has. Very happy I decided to give them a try and I will continue to use them to fix or service my bike. Thanks guys, you rock! Gina Great service! Nate and Josh are the best. Will be taking my MC there from now on. Fair pricing and trustworthy. Southern Cycles did an outstanding job repairing my 2000 Honda ATV. Josh and Nathan were awesome about explaining exactly what needed to be done and why even as unforeseen issues arose. They were very patient allowing me to source my own parts to save money. Southern Cycles is everything you could want in a repair shop, knowledgeable, courteous, fairly priced and fast. I would recommend them to anyone looking to repair or upgrade their motorcycle. Thanks Southern Cycles, Joe LoCascio -Orlando, FL SOUTHERN CYCLES Is the best shop around!!! Nate and Josh are great guys and the best techs in town! Great Place to have your Motorcycle serviced. Very honest and helpful. Will use it again in the future for all my repair/advice services. Thank you. Great Place to have your Moto serviced...I met Nate a few years ago, when he used to work out of his garage....anyhow...we hit it off as he is a Marine, and me ex combat comm in Air Force. Nate knows the meaning of integrity and customer service. His continued success is due to his ability to diagnose and repair or replace whatever may be wrong with your bike. He doesn't up sell useless services or parts, and will make honest recommendations for future repairs which may be necessary. Hands down, :) the best Moto mechanic in central Florida. Thanks you Nate and Josh great service, great prices, great guys. what more can we ask for? highly recommended. Relli Nate and Josh are the best!!! I've been seeing Nate and Josh for a while now and wouldn't trust my bike to anyone else! If you want honest and affordable service, check them out!!! I have been taking my bikes to Nathan since he started out of his garage. Nathan and Josh are the best. The workmanship is impeccable. They are fast and never cut corners to get a job done. They will answer and explain any questions you have and they take great pride in their work. Plus, the prices are very reasonable. I'll never take my bikes anywhere else and and I will and have recommended them to others. Keep up the good work guys. These guys are the very best out there, they know there stuff and very affordable. They are completely honest and work on the bikes like if they were theirs. Many thanks Nate and Josh for taking care of my bike and bringing it back to life! I have been going to Southern Cycles before it was Southern Cycles because the quality of work and the down right friendliness of Nate and Josh. They go to every end to help motorcycle riders out. Brought my Harley in for a full service and asked if there was any way if they could make time to also service my girl's Harley with no prior waring and the worked her bike in the schedule. As long as they have a shop open, I will never go anywhere else for my motorcycle. The guys at Southern Cycles have always exceeded my expectations by going above and beyond. Nate is like a human manual guide, he explains thoroughly the problem and how he's going to fix it and the best part is he saves you money!!! They're all super friendly, dependable and honest! I am a female rider and took my very first bike to these guys for a a minor custom job (lowering) and a service. The service was great and the prices were reasonable. Nathan, who serviced my motorcycle, was very informative and answered all my questions with patience, thus, making me feel very comfortable to let them work on the bike. Every time I call the shop, I learn something new. They never seem like a business, but more like friends that are there to help. They never try to talk me into a service I don't need, on the contrary, they will talk me out of doing something , if this would not benefit me as a rider. I feel like they put my interests first and this makes them a great shop, that I would always recommend to anyone! These guys are awesome I have four bikes and have had several others and they are the only ones I take them to Nate and Josh are the beat motorcycle tech I know of they do better work than the dealers for a fraction of the cost These two guys are simply put "OUTSTANDING"! I have utilized them for many years and I am a very happy camper. They are informative, creative and friendly. I would recommend their service to anyone with any type of bike. Secondly, "HONEST", is a over used word, but, not with this team. I enjoy working with them. Great customer service Nathan is really genuine I didn't feel like they were trying to rip me off like so many other bike shops in the area. BILL MURRAY 10/13/2016 This the best motorcycle shop to use, whatever type of bike you ride. I have learned from experience that this is the best place for tires, batteries, tune-ups, maintenance, etc. These gentlemen are pros, and will never steer you wrong.

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How much is your genome (Figure 1) influenced by a great-great-great-great grandparent? The question is tricky since you have 64 of them. In theory, the number of ancestors you have double each generation backward. When you reach 25 or 30 generations into the past, 600-700 years ago, the number of ancestors you should theoretically expect is larger than the entire human population of that time. That is obviously impossible and begins to show how challenging it can be to track ancestry. There’s something wrong with our math. In Population Genetics: An Introduction we discussed that genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and natural selection all are forces of evolution that interact to shape the genomes of populations. But how does one uncover the influence of these forces in sexually reproducing species, such as humans, whose genes gets shuffled each generation? In our module Mendel and Independent Assortment we discussed how genes sort independently as they are passed down from generation to generation. This is due to recombination of segments of DNA that transfer, or crossover, during meiosis between homologous chromosomes (similar, but not identical chromosomes, one inherited from the father and one from the mother). Think of a deck of cards nicely organized with hearts, spades, diamonds, and clubs each grouped together at first. Once shuffled, everything is all mixed up. The same thing happens with genetic recombination and if you attempt to track a certain trait backward more than a couple generations, you’ll have a very difficult time, considering how many ancestors there are to consider. But not all of our genes get shuffled in the way that Mendel described in his pea plant experiments. In addition to gene shuffling, a Mendelian force, there are non-Mendelian means by which genetic traits can be passed down through generations. Genetic drift (which we emphasized in our Population Genetics: An Introduction module) is one example, but there are other non-Mendelian phenomena. These include haplotypes, genetic sequences that we inherit from only one parent, which allows us to solve our problems with tracking genetic traits and ancestry backward through time and geography. Tracking history with the Y-chromosome William Sanchez of Albuquerque, New Mexico, was fascinated with genealogy and so had his DNA tested in 2001. Certain customs in his family made him ponder his ancestors who had been colonists in Mexico nearly a half millennium before his birth. He knew they had come from Spain, but there were things that his family did that anthropologists would call ‘crypto-Jewish’. They lit candles on Friday nights, covered mirrors when people died, and did several other things that as a boy Sanchez had assumed were normal for a Spanish-speaking Roman Catholic family in the Southwestern United States. At age 52, though, he knew better, so when he got a call from a scientist at the genetic testing company, he was pretty sure they were going to tell him that he had some Jewish ancestry. Spain, after all, had expelled its Jewish population in 1492, except for those agreeing to convert to Christianity. Some had converted but had continued their Jewish practices in secret, and many had fled Spain for the Americas. It therefore seemed plausible that some genetic sequences common in Jews might be part of his DNA. Sanchez was puzzled when the scientist on the phone told him that the testing showed he had genetic sequences of priests. Poetically, it was fitting: Sanchez actually was a priest –a Catholic priest, but it didn’t actually make sense. "I mean that you’re a Kohane," the scientist explained. "You share ancestry with the Jewish priesthood." The company was telling Sanchez that he had a genetic marker that was patrilineal – passed down from father to son, because it was a Y-chromosome haplotype – and identifiable because it was carried by people with a particular historical role in Jewish culture. Haplotypes are genetic sequences that we inherit from only one parent. This is different from autosomal genes, which are genes on a numbered chromosome and usually affect males and females in similar ways. Although a small portion of the Y-chromosome has homology, or similarity of genes at the same place, with a region of the X-chromosome, where crossing over can occur between a dozen or so genes, the rest of the Y-chromosome is unique and non-homologous. It is passed down purely from father to son with no recombination. In this way, it is like a surname in many cultures, or for that matter like the Jewish priesthood: passed down from father to son. While Y-chromosome haplotypes are inherited as single genetic units without shuffling, they are subject to random mutation, just like the rest of the genome. Harmful mutations are weeded out of the population through natural selections, but many mutations can stick around. For example, natural selection does not eliminate mutations that occur in an intron (a non-coding region of a gene) or in non-coding regions between genes. The DNA polymerase enzyme is extremely efficient, so random mutation is rare. On average, it happens only once per hundred million base pairs of DNA per generation. Knowing this rate, we can use mutations in haplotypes as a kind of molecular clock. Based on the amount of variation in haplotypes in different people, scientists can produce family trees estimating the common ancestry of those people. Y-chromosome family tree In the mid-1990s, the discovery of numerous Y-chromosome haplotypes enabled scientists to start building a Y-chromosome family tree, consisting of various branches all stemming back to a common trunk representing the common ancestor of all Y-chromosome haplotypes (Figure 2). This common ancestor is called Y-MRCA, for "most recent common ancestor." This is sometimes called the Y-chromosome Adam, and it tracks back to 200,000 – 300,000 years ago. It is important to note that, while all living men have a Y-chromosome that is descended from a single male living in the Pleistocene epoch, there were many other men living at that time and many of them also left many descendants. The Y-chromosome Adam is just the man that all living men have in common through our patrilineal ancestry. Plenty of Adam’s contemporaries also left many descendants, just not through a purely patrilineal line. In 1997, researchers in Haifa, Israel, and Toronto, Canada applied the same principles to test the claims that the Jewish priesthood began with a single man who lived more than 3,000 years ago. Among DNA from Jewish men from many different countries, the researchers identified two sequences, or markers, that were much more common in Jewish priests (Kohanim; singular Kohane) compared with Jews in general. A year later, the team identified four additional markers common in Kohanim, and they designated the six markers as the J1 Cohen Modal haplotype. The Cohen Modal haplotype is found in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, the two largest Jewish populations. It also exists among non-Jewish whose ancestry is in the Middle East, but there are great differences in frequencies of the six different markers that comprise the haplotype. Notably, the two markers that the team identified initially (called YAP and DYS19) were found to be present in 55 percent of Kohanim. The rate differed among Ashkenazi and Sephardi populations, the two main Jewish populations; 58 percent of Sephardi Kohanim showed the markers versus 48 percent of their Ashkenazi counterparts. But the rates in non-Kohanic Jews and in non-Jews were found to be much lower, meaning that Kohanim represented a distinct population, stemming from a common Y-chromosomal ancestor. By comparing the Kohanic markers of the J1 Cohen haplotype to other Y-chromosome haplotypes, researchers were able to place Jewish priests on the Y-chromosome family tree. This allowed them to date the common ancestor for the Kohanic priests of both Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish populations to 2,400 to 3,000 years ago (Figure 3). Sanchez was told he was a priest because he had the Cohen Modal haplotype, but perhaps more surprising is that the same haplotype was also found among the priests of the Lemba tribe in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mozambique, and Malawi. The Lemba had always claimed to be part of the Jewish People, but anthropologists had been dismissing the idea for over a century. When molecular geneticists tested the Lemba priestly class called the Buba in the early 2000s, not only did they harbor the Cohen Modal haplotype, they carried it at a rate of 65 percent. They were Kohanim, with a patrilineal line even more pure than that of the Kohanim of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews. That these African Jews more closely resemble their fellow Africans than they do their fellow Jews of Europe and the Middle East tells of the extensive intermarriage of the Jewish diaspora with local populations. Despite this, the Jewish blood lines were maintained as revealed by their Y-chromosomes. The Kohanim are one of many groups whose ancestry can be studied based on the Y-chromosome. The same technique used by the Haifa/Toronto researchers has been applied to track ancestry of various populations of Europe and Asia as well as Native American tribes going back thousands of years. Since the Y-MRCA dates back to at least 200,000, Y-haplotypes also have been used in studying the emergence of our very species. As useful as Y-chromosome haplotypes are, they track male ancestors only. This has several limitations. For example, Y-chromosome ancestry would give the same result if a whole population of peoples moved from one place to another or if just a small group of mostly males migrated to a new area and conquered and subjugated the population there. This is what happened throughout Latin America during the age of the conquistadors. Even among individuals with almost exclusively indigenous roots, Spanish last names abound and so do European Y-chromosomes. For this and other reasons, examining Y-chromosomes paints only a partial picture of human ancestry. The genetics of the Jewish diaspora exemplifies this. Ashkenazi Jews share a biological heritage with non-Jewish populations of central and eastern Europe, where the Ashkenazi population emerged. Sephardi Jews, on the other hand, resemble non-Jews of the geographic areas that were host to Sephardi populations (Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Greece), both in appearance and in the frequency of certain genetic diseases. The same is true of Jewish populations based in the Middle East, and the Lemba tribe in southeast Africa. The Lemba have dark skin just like all the other peoples in the area and share other genetic similarities to their compatriots in southeast Africa. The Y-chromosome haplotypes of their priestly class, the Buba, is the exception and shows they have common ancestry with Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and other populations of Jews. How can this mixed ancestry be sorted out? A possible answer comes from another category of haplotypes, those found in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondria are organelles found in all eukaryotic cells that assist in cellular respiration and the synthesis of ATP. Owing to their distant past as autonomous bacterial cells, mitochondria have some of their own DNA which harbors genes essential to mitochondrial function (Figure 4). Mitochondria reproduce on their own within your cells, and you have quadrillions of them in your body, but not one of them is from your father. Whether you are male or female, all of your mitochondria come from your mother, your mother’s mother, your mother’s mother’s mother, and on and on, going back to the first eukaryotes some billion and a half years ago. Like the Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA exists as single-copy, not paired alleles. Because our maternally-inherited mtDNA is not recombined with other alleles from our fathers, it stays pure along matrilineal ancestry. Only the occasional mutation alters mtDNA haplotypes. Also, like the Y-chromosome, some mutations that occur in mtDNA are not harmful but neutral. These kinds of neutral mutations give us the mtDNA haplotypes, which are useful for tracking matriarchal ancestry. mtDNA most recent common ancestor Just as the tree for Y-chromosome haplotypes coalesce with the Y-MRCA, the mtDNA haplotypes coalesce backward in time to a last common mitochondrial ancestor, sometimes called the mitochondrial Eve. We are all descended from so-called mitochondrial Eve in an unbroken line of mothers and daughters (Figure 5). (Remember, though, that we will also be descended from other women living during and even before the time of mitochondrial Eve. We just didn’t get their mitochondrial DNA because we are related to them through at least one male.) Scientists estimate that mitochondrial Eve lived between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago. Bible stories aside, it is exceedingly unlikely that Y-chromosome Adam and mitochondrial Eve lived at the same time, let alone in the same place, and they were certainly not alone in the world. However, they were real living people that made their way in the African savannah of a bygone era, totally unaware of their impending genetic legacy. When scientists study populations of a given ethnic group, they generate one family tree based on the Y-chromosomes and another tree based on mtDNA found in that population. When they do this, the trees almost never coincide perfectly. This is because humans have not always moved around in families consisting of a father, a mother, and their children. Polygyny was common in many cultures prior to modern times, and, during both prehistorical and modern times, men have migrated to new places and took local women as mates. By studying both the Y-chromosomes and the mtDNA, we can get both sides of the story. While the Y-chromosome reveals links between Ashkenazi, Sephardic, Middle Eastern, and Lemba Jewish populations, the matriarchal lineage recorded in mtDNA tells another story. It turns out that the mitochondria of most Ashkenazi Jews have their most recent common ancestry on the Italian peninsula around 2,000 years ago. Thus, the matriarchs of much of the Ashkenazi population were not Jewish. They were non-Jews (pagans or Christians) from the heart of the Roman Empire. Rather than being in conflict with the Y-chromosome studies, mtDNA merely adds a new dimension to the story of Jewish populations. Piecing the genetic information together with what is known from scraps of historical record, what seems to have happened is that the Ashkenazi population started with Jewish men of Middle Eastern descent who traveled through the Roman Empire, perhaps because they were merchants, and took local wives. The same thing happened in Zimbabwe; Jewish men traveled there in ancient times, bringing their traditions along with their Y-chromosomes. Upon marrying with the Jewish men, the local women added African genes into the gene pool of the resulting mixed population. Haplotypes and early humans The same year that the Haifa and Toronto researchers published their findings on Y-chromosome haplotypes in Kohanim, a mtDNA study was dominating the science news cycle. Applying techniques that were state of the art in the late 1990s, a team led by Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute was able to extract mtDNA from bones of a Neanderthal specimen – actually, the original "Neanderthal man," unearthed in 1856 in the Neanderthal Valley in what is now Germany. Certain bone cells can have multiple nuclei, but nuclei throughout bone are vastly outnumbered by mitochondria. Thus, mtDNA is orders of magnitude more abundant than nuclear DNA. Each cell has hundreds or thousands of copies of the same mitochondrial chromosome, so Pääbo and his team knew that if they could get any useful DNA sequences, they’d be coming from mtDNA. That was already a tall order in 1997, whereas getting nuclear DNA from an ancient bone was considered science fiction. After extracting DNA and amplifying it (making multiple copies of its sequence) through a technique called the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the team went through a painstaking process of weeding out sequences belonging to different species of bacteria that came from the dirt. This left a tiny percentage of the sample; that was the mtDNA from the Neanderthal individual to whom the bones had belonged. Neanderthals were a population of humans whose bones and tools indicate that they lived from about 300,000 years ago until about 30,000 years ago when they went extinct. They existed in parallel with our own species, Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans), and with other species of humans that also suffered extinction. A big question has always been whether Neanderthals and modern humans interbred, or were reproductively isolated from one another. Using the mtDNA extracted and amplified from the Neanderthal specimens, Pääbo and his team were able to do haplotype analysis in comparison with mtDNA from present-day modern humans (Figure 6). The result showed a difference between Neanderthal mtDNA and modern human mtDNA greater than any difference between different branches of the modern human mtDNA family tree. In other words, Neanderthals did not descend from the mitochondrial Eve of modern humans. Instead, Neanderthals had their own mitochondrial Eve, which Pääbo’s analysis showed had lived a lot further into the past than our own mitochondrial Eve. This proved that Neanderthals did not contribute mtDNA to our line. As discussed earlier, mtDNA reveals only one dimension of a population’s history, the maternal side. However, in the late 1990s, retrieving nuclear DNA from bones that were more than 50,000 years old was thought to be impossible, and so mtDNA was thought to be all we would ever know of the genetics of our Neanderthal cousins. This changed with the advent of Next-generation in-solution DNA sequencing, often abbreviated "Next-gen sequencing," which became available just a few years after the mtDNA of Neanderthals was published. With this far more sensitive technique, Pääbo and others were able to amplify and analyze the Y-chromosome haplotypes of Neanderthals and another extinct human subspecies, called the Denisovans. Similar to the Jewish story, the Y-chromosome and mtDNA family trees disagree in comparisons of modern humans with Neanderthals. In contrast to mtDNA, the Y-chromosomal data show instances of gene flow, interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals and other extinct human species We now have now sequenced a complete Neanderthal genome, completing the picture of their genetic ancestry and its relation to our own. It turns out that, while the modern human lineage diverged from the Neanderthal lineage about 500,000 years ago, and remained separate for most of that time, the two populations exchanged genes on at least four occasions. Today, about 8 percent of the non-African human gene pool consists of Neanderthal DNA! Africans, however, do not have any detectable Neanderthal DNA in their genomes, indicating that the admixture took place only after humans had migrated out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals on the Eurasian continent. Similar to the kohanim priests, the difference between mtDNA and nuclear DNA can be explained with scenarios in which the men migrated and interbred with women from other populations. Many modern humans have some Neanderthal or Denisovan forefathers, but not foremothers. Our mitochondrial line is more "pure," for lack of a better term, compared with the patrilineal lines and that is why scientists in the mid-1990s incorrectly deduced that modern humans had little or no genetic input from Neanderthals. Back to the ancestry math problem At the beginning of this module, we explained how, if you double the number of ancestors you have in each preceding generation, you only have to go back a few hundred years before, theoretically, the total number of ancestors you have is larger than the population of the earth. This is obviously not possible. The math gets even stranger the further back you go. What is wrong with these calculations? The answer is that, as you go back in your family tree, ancestors will start to pop up more than once. If you go back two generations to your grandparents, you have four different ancestors. If you go back two more, you almost certainly have sixteen distinct ancestors. However, if you go back eight generations or about 200 years, the math would predict that you have 256 ancestors, but you almost certainly don’t. In fact, you may have closer to 200. This is because the farther back you go, the more "repeat" ancestors you will find. In fact, after 12-15 generations, the total number of your ancestors barely increases each additional generation that you go back. This is a phenomenon known as “pedigree collapse,” in which distant relatives mate with each other creating a family tree in which an ancestor will appear in multiple places. In the royal families of Europe, the pedigrees collapse in the very recent past. For example, both Queen Elizabeth II and her consort, Prince Philip Mountbatten, are the great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria (Figure 7). In fact, if we want to trace Queen Elizabeth’s line all the way back to William the Conqueror, there are dozens of paths to choose from. But the rest of us can hardly poke fun. Our own family trees collapse quickly enough. The sum of all this is that we are all related and probably a lot more closely than you think. In fact, scientists estimate that the most recent common ancestor of all humans lived just 2,000-3,000 years ago somewhere in the Levant or Northern Africa. This is different from Y-chromosome Adam or mitochondrial Eve, who gave rise to very specific lineages that then came to comprise the entire population. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) is just someone who is in everyone’s family tree at least once, even though we can never know what, if any, genetic contribution is his because the DNA we inherited from our two parents becomes shuffled when we pass it down to the next generation. Nevertheless, every human alive today, from the Buma priests in Zimbabwe to native tribes on remote islands in the Pacific, all share this common ancestor. Of course, many other people living at that time left many, even millions of descendants, but only one of them, MRCA, is common to all of us. So if anyone ever asks you, "Are you related to her?," there is only one correct answer: "yes." Activate glossary term highlighting to easily identify key terms within the module. Once highlighted, you can click on these terms to view their definitions. Activate NGSS annotations to easily identify NGSS standards within the module. Once highlighted, you can click on them to view these standards.

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- Study protocol - Open access The CRASH trial protocol (Corticosteroid randomisation after significant head injury) BMC Emergency Medicine volume 1, Article number: 1 (2001) Worldwide, millions of people are treated each year for significant head injury. A substantial proportion die, and many more are disabled. If short term corticosteroid infusion could be reliably shown to reduce these risks by just a few percent then this might affect the treatment of a few hundred thousand patients a year, protecting thousands from death or long term disability. CRASH is a large simple, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a 48-hour infusion of corticosteroids on death and on neurological disability, among adults with head injury and some impairment of consciousness. Head injured patients with impaired consciousness who are judged to be 16 years or older are eligible if the responsible doctor is, for any reason, substantially uncertain whether or not to use corticosteroids. The CRASH trial will determine reliably the effects on death and disability of a short corticosteroid infusion following significant head injury. To detect or refute improvements of only a few percent in outcome, many thousands of acute head injury patients must be randomised between control and steroid infusions. Such large numbers will be possible only if hundreds of doctors and nurses can collaborate in the participating emergency departments. Since they are busy, and working in emergency situations, the trial involves them in almost no extra work: no special investigations or changes to usual management are required, and data collection is absolutely minimal. The trial is on-going and new collaborators are welcome. Further information about the trial is available at http://www.crash.lshtm.ac.uk Corticosteroids in head injury Worldwide, some millions of people are treated each year for serious head injury, of whom close to a million die, and a similar number are disabled , often with profound effects on the subsequent quality of life of the affected individuals and their carers . If a treatment as simple as short term corticosteroids produces just a moderate benefit, this could be worthwhile. For example, if corticosteroids reduced the risk of death by just 2% (e.g. from 15% to 13%), and reduced the risk of permanent disability by a similar amount, then treatment of 500,000 patients would avoid 10,000 deaths and prevent 10,000 permanent disabilities. But, such a benefit would be impossible to demonstrate reliably without large scale randomised evidence. If, for example, 10,000 patients were randomly allocated to receive a corticosteroid infusion and 10,000 a placebo infusion, then a reduction from 15% to 13% dead should be detectable - and a reduction from 15% to 12% would certainly be detectable. By contrast, a trial involving only 2,000 patients would probably miss such differences. So far, all of the randomised trials of corticosteroids in head injury have been small: the largest included only a few hundred patients, and even in aggregate they have involved only about 2,000 patients (Table 1) . When all previous trials are combined, the risk of death in the corticosteroid treated group appears to be about 2% lower than in the control group, but the 95% confidence interval runs from 6% lower to 2% higher mortality. (This overall reduction from 39% dead to 37% dead corresponds to an 'odds ratio' of 0.91, with 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.12; the corresponding odds ratio for death or disability in those trials is 0.90, with 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.11.) Hence, the overall result from the previous trials is compatible with there being no real benefit, but it is also easily compatible with a benefit of a few percent. However, the existing trials are too small to demonstrate or to refute either possibility. Corticosteroids in spinal injury Recent evidence of benefit from corticosteroids in acute spinal cord injury has renewed interest in their possible role in brain injury. The Second US National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS 2) compared 24 hours of methylprednisolone (MP) vs placebo in 333 patients with acute spinal cord injury . At six months, patients who had received steroids rather than placebo appeared to have greater improvement in motor function, and in sensation to pinprick and touch. Similar results were reported in a Japanese trial of the same regimen . Recent trials of MP in acute spinal cord injury have indicated slightly more neurological recovery with 48 than with 24 hours of treatment . Post-traumatic neuronal degeneration can involve lipid peroxidation , and in cats [8,9] and mice this can be inhibited by methylprednisolone , with 30 mg/kg needed for maximal effect. The dose of steroid used in previous head injury trials was, however, much lower than this , and so a trial of the early administration of methylprednisolone in doses that are high enough to inhibit lipid peroxidation may produce slightly greater treatment effects than those in Table 1. The CRASH trial has therefore been designed to determine reliably: the effects of high dose corticosteroid infusion on death and on disability following significant head injury, and the effects of such infusion on the risk of infection and of gastro-intestinal bleeding in this setting. CRASH is a large simple, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of a 48-hour infusion of corticosteroids on death and on neurological disability, among adults with head injury and some impairment of consciousness. Head injured patients with impaired consciousness who are judged to be 16 years or older are eligible if the responsible doctor is, for any reason, substantially uncertain whether or not to use corticosteroids. Numbered drug or placebo packs will be available in each participating Emergency Department. Randomisation involves calling a 24 hour free phone service. The call should last only a minute or two, and at the end of it the service will specify to the caller which numbered treatment pack to use. The drug or placebo in the pack is made up in saline and, following a one-hour loading dose, is infused over 48 hours (or as close to 48 hours as possible). No extra tests are required, but a short form must be completed 2 weeks later (or after prior death or discharge). Number of patients needed Two main factors determine the number of patients needed in a trial. These are the estimated event rate, and the size of the treatment effect. Estimated event rate: In a recent multi-centre randomised trial in head injury using inclusion criteria similar to those in the CRASH trial, the overall risk of death among controls was 15%, with the risk of unfavourable outcome (dead, unfit for work or needing rehabilitation) being 43% . This trial is one of the most recent randomised trials of corticosteroids in head injury and it would be reasonable to expect a similar risk of unfavourable outcome in the CRASH trial. Size of treatment effect that should be detectable: Because even a 2% survival advantage for an intervention as simple and widely practicable as corticosteroids would represent a worthwhile benefit, the current trial has been planned to be able to detect a benefit of this size. Numbers needed: If the real mortality difference is 15% vs 13% then there is about a 65% chance that a trial involving 10,000 patients will achieve 2P <0.01, and a 95% chance that a trial involving 20,000 patients will do so. These calculations assess how well the trial is protected against an unfavourable play of chance. If however, as might well be the case, the actual results are not much distorted by the play of chance and involve 15% vs 13% mortality then a trial of 10,000 would yield 2P = 0.004, and a trial of 20,000 would yield 2P = 0.00004 (which is extreme enough to allow some exploratory sub-analyses of which types of patient seem most likely to benefit). Head injured patients (judged to be 16 years or older) within 8 hours of injury who are not fully conscious (any abnormality on the Glasgow Coma Scale), except those for whom corticosteroids are thought to be clearly indicated or contra-indicated. All head injured patients who - in the absence of sedation - are observed whilst in hospital to have GCS of 14 or less, and are within 8 hours of the injury, are eligible for trial entry if they appear to be at least 16 years old. Although entry is allowed up to 8 hours from injury, the earlier that patients can be treated the better. There are no other pre-specified exclusion criteria, as the fundamental eligibility criterion is the responsible doctor's "uncertainty" whether or not to use corticosteroids in a particular adult with head injury (Figure 1) . Patients for whom there is considered by the responsible doctor to be a clear indication for corticosteroids (such as, perhaps, those who also have an acute spinal cord injury) should not be randomised. Likewise, any for whom there is considered to be a clear contraindication to corticosteroids should not be randomised. But, all those for whom the responsible doctor is substantially uncertain as to whether or not to give corticosteroids are eligible for randomisation, and as many such patients as possible should be considered for the trial. Heterogeneity of the types of patients entering such a trial is a scientific strength, not a weakness. If a wide range of patients are randomised then it may be possible for a really big trial such as this one to help determine which (if any) particular types of patient are most likely to benefit from treatment. Special eligibility considerations: None. Routine exclusion of patients with gastrointestinal complaints or pregnancy is unnecessary, unless the responsible doctor considers these to be a definite contraindication. This short term corticosteroid regimen should not cause serious gastrointestinal bleeding, nor should it cause a large increase in infection. Although prolonged use of corticosteroids in pregnancy may affect fetal adrenocortical development, this short term treatment should not do so. Patients with head injury and impaired consciousness may be unable to give properly informed consent, and in this emergency situation it may not be medically appropriate to delay the start of treatment until proxy consent can be obtained. Hence, the doctor in charge should take responsibility for entering such patients, just as they would take responsibility for choosing other treatments. However, the requirements of the relevant ethics committee should be adhered to at all times. An information leaflet on the study for patients and their friends and relatives will be available in all drug packs. Patients eligible for inclusion should be randomised, and the study treatment started, as soon as possible. Randomisation is done by telephoning a 24-hour toll-free service and takes only about two minutes. The patient entry form (Figure 2) shows the questions that will be asked by the telephone operator prior to allocation of the treatment packs. The study computer will then randomly assign a treatment pack number that will identify one of the CRASH treatment packs stored in the emergency department. Once a patient has been randomised, we will definitely wish to learn the outcome in hospital, even if the trial treatment gets interrupted or is not actually given. Study treatment [Table 2] Each CRASH treatment pack contains: 11 × 2 g vials of methylprednisolone (MP) or placebo 1 × 20 mL sterile water for injection (for use with the loading dose) 1 × 100 mL bag of 0.9% NaCl (for use with the loading dose) CRASH stickers (for attaching to infusion bags and patient notes) Patient information leaflet and early outcome forms 2 g MP (or matching placebo) over 1 hour in 100 mL infusion: 1. Add 20 mL water for injection to one 2 g vial and mix well 2. Add contents of vial to the 100 mL bag of 0.9% NaCl provided 3. Infuse over one hour 0.4 g/hour for about 24 hours in 20 mL/hour infusion (MP or matching placebo): 1. Remove 100 mL from a 500 mL bag of 0.9% NaCl (to make room for the steroid) 2. Add 20 mL water for injection to each of five 2 g vials and mix well 3. Add all five (about 100 mL) to the 500 mL bag of 0.9% NaCl 4. Infuse at 20 mL/hour for about 24 hours 5. Repeat for maintenance day 2 N.B. As children under 16 are excluded, a simple fixed-dose treatment can be used. The dosing regimen is that used in the NASCIS-2 and NASCIS-3 trials of MP in acute spinal cord injury. Unexpected adverse events Anaphylactic reactions to intravenous corticosteroids are extremely rare, but should be treated in whatever way the responsible doctor prefers (one possibility being intra-muscular adrenaline 0.5 mg, i.e. 0.5 mL of 1 in 1,000 (1 mg/mL) solution) . It would be expected that 24-hour anaesthetic cover would be available in all hospitals participating in CRASH. If a serious and unexpected adverse drug reaction occurs and is suspected to be related to the study medicine, this should be logged by calling the 24-hour randomisation service, who will inform the CRASH co-ordinating Centre in London. In general, gastro-intestinal bleeds and infections do not need to be reported in this way because some increase in their incidence might be expected with steroids. Likewise, the various medical events that are to be expected in head injured patients do not need to be reported by telephone. All such events are, however, routinely monitored among all patients on the outcome form. 'Unblinding' the allocated treatment in an emergency In general there should be no need to unblind the allocated treatment. If some contra-indication to corticosteroids develops after randomisation (e.g. severe gastro-intestinal bleeding), the trial treatment should simply be stopped. Unblinding was never found to be necessary in the NASCIS trial of MP in spinal cord injury , and should be done only in those rare cases when the doctor believes that clinical management depends importantly upon knowledge of whether the patient received corticosteroid or placebo (e.g. suspected anaphylaxis). In those few cases when urgent unblinding is considered necessary, the randomisation service should be telephoned, giving the name of the doctor authorising unblinding and the CRASH treatment pack number (if available), and the caller will then be told whether the patient received corticosteroid or placebo. Measures of outcome The primary outcome measures are: Death from any cause within two weeks of injury Death or dependence at six months In-hospital deaths, complications and short-term recovery are to be recorded on the Early Outcome Form (Figure 3) which can be completed entirely from the hospital notes - no extra tests are needed. Long term recovery will be assessed at six months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), which assesses disability and handicap in major areas of life. The GOS will be administered by a postal questionnaire (Figure 4), completed by a patient or carer, or by telephone interviews. (This does not involve any additional work for collaborating hospitals.) Comparisons will be made of the primary outcome measures, comparing all those allocated methylprednisolone versus all those allocated placebo, on an 'intention to treat' basis. Analyses will be stratified on time from injury to the initiation of treatment, and on severity of head injury as assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale. Comparisons will also be made of the risks of infection and gastrointestinal bleeding. The independent Data Monitoring Committee will conduct interim analyses of mortality and morbidity among all trial participants. It will advise the Steering Group if the randomised comparisons in the trial provide both (i) proof beyond reasonable doubt of a difference in outcome between the study and control groups, and (ii) evidence that would be expected to alter substantially the choice of treatment for patients whose doctors are, in the light of the evidence from other randomised trials, substantially uncertain whether to give corticosteroids to patients with head injury . Co-ordination within each participating hospital will be through a local collaborator who will: Discuss the trial with medical, neurosurgical and nursing staff who see trauma patients and ensure that they remain aware of the trial and its procedures (there are wall charts, pocket summaries and a set of slides to assist with this) Ensure that adults with acute head injuries are considered promptly for the trial Ensure that the early outcome forms are completed Co-ordinating Centre responsibilities Provide study materials and a 24-hour randomisation (and unblinding) service (Figure 5) Give collaborators regular information about the progress of the study Help ensure complete data collection at discharge and at six months Respond to any questions (e.g. from collaborators) about the trial The success of CRASH will be entirely dependent upon the collaboration of nurses and doctors in the participating hospitals. Hence, the chief credit for the study will be assigned to them in the main publications, and the collaborators from each participating centre will be named personally in the main report. The CRASH trial is sponsored by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and not the manufacturers of methylprednisolone. The MRC fully accepts responsibility attached to its sponsorship of the trial, and as such, would give sympathetic consideration to claims for any non-negligent harm suffered by anyone as a result of participating in this trial. Medical Research Council funding covers meetings and central organisational costs only. Pharmacia Corporation are donating drug and placebo, but the design, management and finance of the study are entirely independent of them. Methylprednisolone is not a new product. Really large trials of such drugs, involving many hospitals, are important for future patients but are practicable only if those collaborating in them do so without payment (except for recompense of any minor local costs that may arise). The supplement shows the information leaflet for patients, relatives and friends, approved for use in the UK by the multi-centre research ethics committee. Jennett B, Teasdale G: Management of head injuries. Philadelphia. FA Davies,. 1981 Jennett B, Bond M: Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975, 1: 480-484. 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92830-5. Alderson P, Roberts I: Corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain injury: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 1997, 314: 1855-1859. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al: A randomised controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. N Eng J Med. 1990, 322: 1405-1411. Otani K, Abe H, Kadoya S, et al: Beneficial effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (translation of Japanese). Sekitsui Sekizui J. 1994, 7: 633-647. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al: Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA. 1997, 277: 1597-1604. 10.1001/jama.277.20.1597. Demopoulos HB, Flamm ES, Seligman ML: Further studies on free radical pathology in the major central nervous system disorders: effects of very high doses of methylprednisolone on the functional outcome, morphology, and chemistry of experimental spinal cord impact injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1982, 60: 1415-1424. Anderson DK, Saunders RD, Demediuk P: Lipid hydrolysis and peroxidation in injured spinal cord: partial protection with methylprednisolone or vitamin E and selenium. Central Nervous System Trauma. 1985, 2: 257-267. Braughler JM, Hall ED, Means ED, et al: Evaluation of an intensive methylprednisolone sodium succinate dosing regimen in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1987, 67: 102-105. Hall ED: High dose glucocorticoid treatment improves neurological recovery in head-injured mice. J Neurosurg. 1985, 62: 882-887. Hall ED: The neuroprotective pharmacology of methylprednisolone. J. Neurosurg. 1992, 76: 13-22. Gaab MR, Trost HA, Alcantara A, et al: Ultrahigh dexamethasone in acute brain injury. Results from a prospective randomised double-blind multi-centre trial. Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie. 1994, 55: 135-143. Collins R, Doll R, Peto R: Ethics of clinical trials. In: Williams C, ed. Introducing New Treatments for Cancer. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd,. 1991 Ewan PW: Treatment of anaphylactic reactions. Prescribers' Journal. 1997, 37: 125-132. Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al: Design and analysis of randomised clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. 1. Introduction and design. Br J Cancer. 1976, 34: 585-612. The pre-publication history for this article can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/backmatter/1471-227X-1-1-b1.pdf The protocol for the CRASH trial was prepared with input and advice from of a large number of individuals and organisations and is submitted on behalf of the management group of the CRASH trial. Join the trial Click here to join the growing number of CRASH trial collaborators worldwide: http://www.crash.lshtm.ac.uk/invite.html About this article Cite this article The CRASH trial management group. The CRASH trial protocol (Corticosteroid randomisation after significant head injury) . BMC Emerg Med 1, 1 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-227X-1-1

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« AnkstesnisTęsti » "You fresh mouth, you! Who are you to learn me my business?" "Were n't you yourself once a machine slave, your life in the hands of your boss?" "You loafer! Money for nothing you want! The minute they begin to talk English they get flies in their nose. A black year on you, trouble-maker! I'll have no smart heads in my shop! Such freshness! Out you get! Out from my shop!" Stunned and hopeless, the wings of my courage broken, I groped my way back to them-back to the eager, waiting faces, back to the crushed hearts aching with mine. As I opened the door, they read our defeat in my face. "Girls,"-I held out my hands, "he 's fired me." My voice died in the silence. Not a girl stirred. Their heads only bent closer over their machines. "Here, you, get yourself out of here!" the boss thundered at me. "Bessie Sopolsky and you, Balah Rifkin, take out her machine into the hall. I want no big-mouthed Americanerins in my shop." Bessie Sopolsky and Balah Rifkin, their eyes black with tragedy, carried out my machine. Not a hand was held out to me, not a face met mine. I felt them shrink from me as I passed them on my way out. In the street I found I was crying. The new hope that had flowed in me so strongly bled out of my veins. A moment before, our unity had made me believe us so strong, and now I saw each alone, crushed, broken. What were they all but crawling worms, servile grubbers for bread? And then in the very bitterness of my resentment the hardness broke in me. I saw the girls through their own eyes, as if I were inside of them. What else could they have done? Was not an immediate crust of bread for Balah Rifkin's children more urgent than truth, more vital than honor? Could it be that they ever had dreamed of America as I had dreamed? Had their faith in America wholly died in them? Could my faith be killed as theirs had been? Gasping from running, Yetta Solomon flung her arms around me. "You golden heart! I sneaked myself out from the shop only to tell you I'll come to see you to-night. I'd give the blood from under my nails for you, only I got to run back. I got to hold my job. My mother-" I hardly saw or heard her. My senses were stunned with my defeat. I walked on in a blind daze, feeling that any moment I would drop in the middle of the street from sheer exhaustion. Every hope I had clung to, every human stay, every reality, was torn from under me. Was it then only a dream, a mirage of the hungry-hearted people in the desert lands of oppression, this age-old faith in America? Again I saw the mob of dusty villagers crowding about my father as he read the letter from America, their eager faces thrust out, their eyes blazing with the same hope, the same faith, that had driven me on. Had the starved villagers of Sukovoly lifted above their sorrows a mere rainbow vision that led them -where? Where? To the stifling submission of the sweat-shop or the desperation of the streets! "God! God!" My eyes sought the sky, praying, "where where is America?" TIMES changed. The sweat-shop conditions that I had lived through had become a relic of the past. Wages had doubled, tripled, and went up higher and higher, and the working-day became shorter and shorter. I began to earn enough to move my family uptown into a sunny, airy flat with electricity and telephone service. I even saved up enough to buy a phonograph and a piano. My knotted nerves relaxed. At last I had become free from the worry for bread and rent, but I was not happy. A more restless discontent than ever before ate out my heart. Freedom from stomach needs only intensified the needs of my soul. I ached and clamored for America. Higher wages and shorter hours of work, mere physical comfort, were not yet America. I had dreamed that America was a place where the heart could grow big with giving. Though outwardly I had become prosperous, life still forced me into an existence of mere getting and getting. Ach! how I longed for a friend, a real American friend, some one to whom I could express the thoughts and feelings that choked me! In the Bronx, the uptown Ghetto, I felt myself farther away from the spirit of America than ever before. In the East Side the people had yet alive in their eyes the old, old dreams of America, the America that would release the age-old hunger to give; but in the prosperous Bronx good eating and good sleeping replaced the spiritual need for giving. The chase for dollars and diamonds deadened the dreams that had once brought them to America. More and more the all-consuming need for a friend possessed me. In the street, in the cars, in the subways, I was always seeking, ceaselessly seeking for eyes, a face, the flash of a smile that would be light in my darkness. I felt sometimes that I was only burning out my heart for a shadow, an echo, a wild dream, but I could n't help it. Nothing was real to me but my hope of finding a friend. America was not America to me unless I could find an American that would make America real. The hunger of my heart drove me to the night-school. Again my dream flamed. Again America beckoned. In the school there would be education, air, life for my cramped-in spirit. I would learn to think, to form the thoughts that surged formless in me. I would find the teacher that would make me articulate. I joined the literature class. They were reading "The De Coverley Papers." Filled with insatiate thirst, I drank in every line with the feeling that any moment I would get to the fountainheart of revelation. Night after night I read with tireless devotion. But of what? The manners and customs of the eighteenth century, of people two hundred years dead. One evening, after a month's attendance, when the class had dwindled from fifty to four, and the teacher began scolding us who were present for those who were absent, my bitterness broke. "Do you know why all the girls are dropping away from the class? It's because they have too much sense than to waste themselves on "The De Coverley Papers.' Us four girls are four fools. We could learn more in the streets. It 's dirty and wrong, but it's life. What are 'The De Coverley Papers?' Dry dust fit for the ash-can." "Perhaps you had better tell the principal your ideas of the standard classics," she scoffed, white with rage. "All right," I snapped, and hurried down to the principal's office. I swung open the door. "I just want to tell you why I'm leaving. I" "Won't you come in?" The principal rose and placed a chair for me near her desk. "Now tell me all." She leaned forward with an inviting interest. I looked up, and met the steady gaze of eyes shining with light. In a moment all my anger fled. "The De Coverley Papers" were forgotten. The warm friendliness of her face held me like a familiar dream. I could n't speak. It was as if the sky suddenly opened in my heart. "Do go on," she said, and gave me a quick nod. "I want to hear." The repression of centuries rushed out of my heart. I told her everything-of the mud hut in Sukovoly where I was born, of the czar's pogroms, of the constant fear of the Cossack, of Gedalyah Mindel's letter, of our hopes in coming to America, and my search for an American who would make America real. "I am so glad you came to me," she said. And after a pause, "You can help me." "Help you?" I cried. It was the first time that an American suggested that I could help her. "Yes, indeed. I have always wanted to know more of that mysterious, vibrant life the immigrant. You can help me know my girls. You have so much to give ' "Give that 's what I was hungering and thirsting all these years to give out what's in me. I was dying in the unused riches of my soul." "I know; I know just what you mean," she said, putting her hand on mine. My whole being seemed to change in the warmth of her comprehension. "I have a friend," it sang itself in me. "I have a friend!" "And you are a born American?" I asked. There was none of that sure, allright look of the Americans about her. "Yes, indeed. My mother, like so many mothers," and her eyebrows lifted humorously whimsical,-"claims we 're descendants of the Pilgrim Fathers, and that one of our lineal ancestors came over in the Mayflower." "For all your mother's pride in the Pilgrim Fathers, you yourself are as plain from the heart as an immigrant." "Were n't the Pilgrim Fathers immigrants two hundred years ago?" She took from her desk a book and read to me. Then she opened her arms to me, and breathlessly I felt myself drawn to her. Bonds seemed to burst. A suffusion of light filled my being. Great choirings lifted me in space. I walked out unseeingly. All the way home the words she read flamed before me: "We go forth all to seek America. And in the seeking we create her. In the quality of our search shall be the nature of the America that we create." So all those lonely years of seeking and praying were not in vain. How glad I was that I had not stopped at the husk, a good job, a good living! Through my inarticulate groping and reaching out I had found the soul, the spirit of America. By MARTIN ARMSTRONG When evening came, and the warm glow grew deeper, A buzzard and his mate who took their pleasure On great pied, motionless moth-wings borne along, Cutting each other's paths together they glided, So swiftly in their empty, free dominion), Curved headlong downward, towered up the sunny steep, Swung proudly to a curve, and from its height And we, so small on the swift, immense hillside, On those far-sweeping, wide, Strong curves-lo! flight, swayed up and hugely drifted, Of sun-bathed air. But far beneath, beholden And still those buzzards wheeled, while light withdrew OU will be sorry to hear," wrote Aunt Susan, "that Abigail Baxter's house was burned to the ground night before last. It was struck by lightning in one of the worst storms we ever had at this time of year. Abigail's tenants got their furniture out, but she refused to believe the house would really go and would n't have a thing touched. She lost everything except a few clothes and personal possessions." The letter dropped to my lap. I felt stunned, as if some one had dealt me a heavy blow; for Cousin Abigail's house was no ordinary house, and its loss no ordinary calamity. It had been built by her great-grandfather in the early days of the little New England settlement, and she had been born in it, and had lived in it for nearly seventy years. Closing my eyes, I could see it distinctly. It stood very nobly on a swelling rise of ground facing a great gap in the hills. A rich foreground of meadow-land, flanked by woods of dark pine and hemlock, sloped in long, easy gradations to the recesses of the valley, where the river flowed. From the upper windows the silver ribbon was just discernible. The house was three stories high, of the familiar colonial type, many-windowed, with huge, hospitable chimneys. In front was a walled-in yard, with stone steps leading up to its gate, a brick walk, and a second flight of steps before the wide white door, with its fan-lights and delicate, restrained carvings. Just within the walls of the yard grew lilac-bushes, in masses so high that in springtime the lower windows were completely hidden by their luxuriance of purple and gray By LOUISE FORSYTH Illustrations by George Wright green. A steep driveway led up from the road at one side of the yard, and on the other, to the west, was Cousin Abigail's garden. There in the brief Northern summers glowed her poppies and larkspurs, and her swaying hollyhocks bent before the winds that swept down from the hill behind the house. A long-unused road, once the thoroughfare to the neighboring village, lay along the side of this hill. I fancied that some unsuspected esthetic sense in that remote great-grandfather had led him to build his home to face the valley and the sunset rather than what was then the highway to the settlement. In Cousin Abigail's time it had only one reason for being: it led to the cemetery. Once I had walked there with her. It was the most beautiful graveyard I ever saw. It lay along the slope of the hill under a scattered growth of primeval pines; the graves were hushed and brown with their needles. There was no formal arrangement; here and there a silvery-gray stone, leaning at a reposeful angle, marked the resting-place of one of the founders of the settlement. There was no crowding; each pioneer had ample room to stretch his six feet of sturdy physique for his final sleep. We wandered about, deciphering the names of our common ancestors and trying to visualize the personalities of all the Daniels and Davids and Hannahs who lay there. A queer little look flickered over Cousin Abigail's shrewd face as we turned back down the velvet road. "It's handy to have 'em so near," she said; "but sometimes I 'd like livelier neighbors." That had been ten years ago. She took me all over the house that day, through one unoccupied chamber after another, brave in its unused mahogany and high-piled goose-feather beds. the northwest corner an apartment of several rooms had been cut off from the rest of the house for the tenants, of whom Aunt Susan wrote. Included in this group was the original kitchen, with its vast fireplace the very hearthstone of Cousin Abigail's family. And now all this was gone; all this tangible evidence of a century and more of plain, thrifty, dignified living had been swept away in an hour. I had grown used, in the last four years, to tales of wreck and ruin, but not even the tragedy of Rheims had moved me so deeply as the destruction of this old New England house, for in a sense it had for me the poignancy of personal loss. Cousin Abigail's forebears had been close kin to mine. The shadowy shapes of my own people had moved for me in that house, helped to create the atmosphere that enveloped it. Furthermore, I realized what it must mean to Cousin Abigail to lose the background which had furnished her uneventful life with its most vivid significance. I was fond of her. I contrasted her with the people I knew best in my own environment, and set her shrewdness, her thrift, her keen, unconscious humor, her slightly stern moral sense against their suavity and sophisticated smoothness. I glimpsed their characters through a mask of gracious manner not always the index to their hearts; she who wore no mask at all did not have to be glimpsed or guessed at. You could look at her and see. I did not write to Cousin Abigail about the loss of her house; somehow I could not. Finally I sent a message to her in a letter to Aunt Susan. It was several weeks before I received an answer; but at last, one day in early June, it came. Abigail Baxter is much obliged to you and says she should like to see you. And it seems to me you had better shut up your house and come up here for the summer. Down there all alone, you probably dwell too much on that boy of yours overseas. I have plenty of room, and I should like to have you with I knew that this apparently unemotional invitation was in reality not only sincere, but ardent in its warmth; that is, for Aunt Susan. There was no reason why I should not accept it, and the reasons why I should appealed to me more and more, until one day toward the end of the month I packed a trunk, telegraphed to my aunt, and started for New Hampshire. The station nearest Aunt Susan's home was nearly a day's journey from New York, so that it was almost dusk when I arrived. My aunt met me with her young chauffeur, who turned out to be the minister's son, home from college. She welcomed me with a handclasp warmer than her kiss, and in a few minutes we were skimming smoothly up and down hill through the crystal coolness of the June twilight. Suddenly she seized my arm. "Look quick! That's where it wasAbbie Baxter's house." The car was making a whirling descent round a curve; instantly I recognized the spot. There were the brick wall and the stone steps and the lilacs. There was no hint of ruin from the road; all wreckage was decorously concealed with true New England reserve. We passed so quickly that I had only a glimpse, but it was enough. The house was gone. I had not realized it before. That evening, before the fire in Aunt Susan's living-room, I asked her about Cousin Abigail. There was not much to tell. After the disaster she had spent a few days with some cousins on a hill farm in the neighborhood, and had then gone to live in the village with an old friend of hers, a childless widow. "Everybody thought she would be crushed," commented Aunt Susan, "but she is n't. It would take more than that to down Abigail Baxter.” "I want to see her." "You shall. I'll ask Paul to take you round there to-morrow afternoon, and you can have a nice long visit." So the next day the minister's son left me at a little cream-colored cottage on one of the side streets, separated from the sidewalk by a few feet of bright garden. As I went up the path, a woman working there looked up, and I saw that it was Cousin Abigail. For an instant she did not recognize me; then, as I put out both hands, a light sprang into her eyes, and she came impulsively toward

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Discover 10 effective exercises to reduce face fat naturally. Strengthen and tone your facial muscles, improve blood circulation, and achieve a more sculpted and defined look. Incorporate these exercises into your daily routine and unlock the secrets to a slimmer face. In the pursuit of a more sculpted and toned face, many individuals are seeking effective exercises that can help reduce face fat naturally. If you’ve been wondering about the best way to achieve this goal, look no further. This article will provide you with a comprehensive list of 10 exercises specifically designed to target and reduce face fat. By incorporating these exercises into your daily routine, you can take a significant step towards achieving the defined facial features you desire. Ready to unlock the secrets to a slimmer face? Let’s get started. Facial yoga refers to the practice of performing specific exercises and stretches for the face and neck muscles. These exercises are designed to strengthen and tone the muscles, improve blood circulation, and promote overall relaxation. Incorporating facial yoga into your daily routine can help reduce face fat, improve facial muscle definition, and give you a more youthful appearance. The neck stretch is a simple yet effective exercise that targets the muscles in your neck and jawline. To perform this exercise, start by sitting or standing in an upright position. Tilt your head back and look up towards the ceiling. Now, slowly jut your lower jaw forward, feeling the stretch in your neck muscles. Hold this position for a few seconds, then release and repeat several times. The fish face exercise is a popular facial yoga pose that targets the muscles in your cheeks and jawline. Start by puckering your lips inward, as if you were about to blow a kiss. Suck your cheeks in and hold the pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise several times to tone and firm your cheek muscles. The cheek puff exercise is another effective way to work the muscles in your cheeks. Begin by taking a deep breath and filling your mouth with air. Hold the air in your mouth and transfer it from one cheek to the other, feeling the muscles in your cheeks working. Repeat this exercise multiple times to help reduce fat in your cheeks and achieve a more defined facial structure. The jaw release exercise targets the muscles in your jawline and helps to reduce tension in the jaw area. To perform this exercise, relax your jaw and gently open your mouth as wide as possible. Stick your tongue out as far as you can and hold this position for a few seconds. Slowly close your mouth and repeat the exercise several times to release tension and improve muscle tone in your jaw. In addition to facial exercises, regular face massage can also help in reducing face fat and achieving a more sculpted look. Face massage not only relaxes the facial muscles but also increases blood circulation, stimulates collagen production, and helps to tighten the skin. Here are some effective face massage techniques that you can incorporate into your skincare routine. Face rolling is a popular face massage technique that involves using a facial roller to gently massage and stimulate the skin. Start by applying a few drops of facial oil or moisturizer to your face. Then, using a face roller, gently roll the tool in an upward motion across your cheeks, forehead, and jawline. This helps to improve blood circulation, reduce puffiness, and promote a glowing complexion. Massaging your cheekbones can help to lift and tone the muscles in that area, giving you a more defined cheekbone structure. Begin by placing your index and middle fingers on your cheekbones, near the temples. Apply gentle pressure and move your fingers in small circular motions, moving towards your ears. Repeat this massage technique for a few minutes on each side of your face. The chin slap massage technique is an effective way to improve the elasticity of your skin and tighten your jawline. Cup your hands and lightly tap your chin with the back of your hands in a rapid motion. The tapping motion should be firm but gentle. This massage technique helps to stimulate blood flow and activate the muscles in your chin and jawline, giving you a more toned appearance. Massaging your forehead can help to relax the muscles and reduce tension in that area. Start by placing your fingertips on your forehead, between your eyebrows. Apply gentle pressure and slowly move your fingers upwards towards your hairline. Repeat this motion several times, focusing on any areas of tension or tightness. This massage technique can help to smooth out forehead wrinkles and promote a more relaxed look. Alongside facial yoga and face massage, incorporating specific facial exercises into your routine can further aid in reducing face fat and toning the muscles. These exercises target various facial muscles and can help you achieve a more defined and sculpted facial structure. The lion face exercise is a fun and effective exercise that targets multiple muscle groups in the face. Start by sitting or standing in an upright position. Open your mouth wide, sticking out your tongue as far as it can go. At the same time, widen your eyes and try to stretch your facial muscles as much as possible. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times to strengthen and tone your facial muscles. Pout and Tilt The pout and tilt exercise focuses on toning the muscles in your chin and neck region. Begin by puckering your lips into a pout, as if you were about to kiss someone. Then, tilt your head back and look towards the ceiling. Hold this position for a few seconds, feeling the stretch in your chin and neck muscles. Relax and repeat several times to firm and tighten these areas. Kiss the Ceiling Kissing the ceiling is a simple exercise that targets the muscles in your neck and jawline. Stand straight and tilt your head back, looking upwards towards the ceiling. Pucker your lips as if you were trying to kiss the ceiling. Hold this position for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise multiple times to strengthen and tone the muscles in your neck and jaw. Cheek lifts are an effective exercise for toning the muscles in your cheeks and reducing face fat. Start by sitting or standing in an upright position. Smile as wide as you can, then use your fingers to gently press your cheeks upwards towards your eyes. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times to firm and lift your cheek muscles. Chewing gum is a simple and enjoyable way to exercise your jaw muscles and reduce face fat. Regularly chewing gum can help to strengthen and tone the muscles in your jawline, leading to a more defined and sculpted appearance. Additionally, chewing gum can also improve saliva production, which aids in digestion and overall oral health. To perform a jaw exercise with chewing gum, simply pop a piece of sugar-free gum into your mouth and start chewing. Focus on chewing with your back teeth and try to keep your jaw moving in a steady and consistent manner. Aim to chew gum for around 15-20 minutes a day to reap the benefits of this simple yet effective jaw exercise. Double Chin Reduction Chewing gum can also help to reduce the appearance of a double chin. By consistently exercising the muscles in your jaw and neck through chewing, you can promote better muscle tone and reduce excess fat in the chin area. It’s important to note, however, that chewing gum alone may not completely eliminate a double chin, and it should be complemented with other facial exercises and healthy lifestyle habits for optimal results. Overall Face Toning Regularly chewing gum can contribute to overall face toning by engaging and strengthening the muscles in your face. It can help sharpen the contours of your jawline and cheekbones, giving your face a more defined and sculpted look. Incorporate chewing gum into your daily routine as a part of your facial exercise regimen to enhance the benefits and achieve a more toned facial appearance. Engaging in regular cardiovascular exercises is not only beneficial for your overall health and weight management but can also contribute to reducing face fat. Performing exercises that increase your heart rate and promote calorie burning can help in shedding excess fat from all over the body, including the face. Here are a few effective cardiovascular exercises to incorporate into your fitness routine. Running is a fantastic cardiovascular exercise that can effectively burn calories and promote overall fat loss. Whether you prefer outdoor running or using a treadmill, regular jogging or running for at least 30 minutes a day can help to shed excess fat from your body, including your face. Remember to maintain proper form and wear appropriate footwear to prevent injury. Cycling, either outdoors or using a stationary bike, is another excellent cardiovascular exercise that can aid in reducing face fat. Cycling not only helps to burn calories but also targets the muscles in your lower body, including the thighs and glutes. Regular cycling sessions of about 30-45 minutes can contribute to overall weight loss and promote a more toned and defined facial structure. Jumping rope is a high-intensity cardiovascular exercise that can effectively burn calories and engage multiple muscle groups. Incorporating jump rope workouts into your fitness routine can help in reducing overall body fat, including face fat. It also improves coordination, boosts cardiovascular health, and tones various muscle groups, contributing to a more sculpted appearance. Along with facial exercises and cardiovascular workouts, making certain dietary adjustments can benefit your overall weight loss journey and help in reducing face fat. While spot reduction is not possible, a healthy and balanced diet can aid in shedding excess fat from all over the body, which includes the face. Consider the following dietary adjustments to support your efforts in achieving a slimmer face. Reduce Sodium Intake Excess sodium in your diet can lead to water retention, bloating, and puffiness, which can make your face appear swollen. To reduce face fat and achieve a more defined look, it’s advisable to limit your sodium intake. Avoid highly processed foods, as they tend to be high in sodium, and instead, opt for fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Additionally, seasoning your meals with herbs and spices can add flavor without the need for excessive salt. Drink Plenty of Water Staying hydrated is essential for overall health and can also contribute to reducing face fat. Drinking an adequate amount of water helps to flush out toxins, regulate your body’s natural processes, and maintain proper hydration levels. Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day to support your weight loss journey and promote a more youthful and glowing complexion. Consume Healthy Fats Despite the common misconception, not all fats are bad for you. Incorporating healthy fats into your diet can actually aid in weight loss and reduce face fat. Healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, are rich in essential nutrients and can help keep you satiated. They also contribute to hormonal balance and improve the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. However, moderation is key, as fats are calorie-dense, so be mindful of portion sizes. Ensuring proper hydration of your skin is crucial for maintaining its health, elasticity, and overall appearance. Hydrated skin not only looks plumper and more radiant but also helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Here are some effective ways to keep your skin well-hydrated and nourished. Moisturize Your Skin Regularly moisturizing your skin is an essential step in maintaining its hydration levels. Opt for a high-quality moisturizer that suits your skin type and apply it twice daily, once in the morning and once at night. When applying the moisturizer, use gentle, upward motions to promote blood circulation and enhance absorption. Remember to pay special attention to the areas of your face that tend to be drier, such as your cheeks and forehead. Use Facial Masks Facial masks are a wonderful addition to your skincare routine as they provide intensive hydration to your skin. Look for hydrating masks that are specifically formulated to nourish and moisturize the skin. Apply the mask once or twice a week and leave it on for the recommended time. Facial masks can help replenish moisture, soothe irritated skin, and enhance the overall appearance of your complexion. Facial Exercises with Resistance Facial exercises with resistance involve using your fingers or specialized tools to apply resistance to specific facial muscles. This added resistance helps to intensify the exercises, further toning and strengthening the targeted muscles. Here are some facial exercises with resistance that can be incorporated into your routine. Chin push-ups are a great exercise for targeting the muscles in your chin and jawline. Place your thumbs under your chin, with your fingertips resting on the bottom of your jawline. Apply gentle upward pressure with your thumbs while simultaneously pushing downward with your jaw. Hold this position for a few seconds, then release. Repeat this exercise several times to strengthen and tone your chin and jawline muscles. Smiling Fish Face The smiling fish face exercise focuses on working the muscles in your cheeks and jawline. Begin by smiling as wide as you can, then purse your lips together. Next, suck your cheeks in while simultaneously pushing them outwards with your fingers. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise multiple times to firm and sculpt your cheek muscles. The cheek press exercise targets the muscles in your cheeks and helps to improve their tone and definition. Start by placing your index and middle fingers on each cheekbone, near the temples. Apply gentle pressure and smile as wide as you can. Use your fingers to push up slightly on your cheekbones, feeling the resistance against your fingers. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times for optimal results. Tongue to Nose The tongue to nose exercise is an effective way to work the muscles in your cheeks and upper lip area. Begin by sticking out your tongue as far as you can. Try to touch your nose with the tip of your tongue while keeping your lips relaxed. Hold this position for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise multiple times to improve muscle tone and achieve a more defined facial structure. Face yoga combines facial exercises with the principles of yoga to promote facial muscle toning, relaxation, and rejuvenation. These exercises aim to lift and tighten the skin, reduce wrinkles and fine lines, and enhance overall facial appearance. Integrating face yoga techniques into your daily routine can help you achieve a more youthful and radiant complexion. The forehead smoother exercise helps to reduce tension and wrinkles on the forehead and promote a smoother appearance. Begin by placing your palms on your forehead, with your fingertips facing each other. Gently press your palms against your forehead and slide them towards your temples, applying gentle upward pressure. Repeat this motion several times, focusing on any areas of tension or fine lines. The cheek lifter exercise targets the muscles in your cheeks and helps to lift and tighten them. Start by placing your fingertips on the apples of your cheeks, near your nose. Gently lift your cheeks upwards while simultaneously smiling without strain. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise multiple times to enhance cheek muscle tone and achieve a more defined look. The jawline firmer exercise focuses on toning the muscles in your jawline and reducing sagging or jowls. Begin by tilting your head back slightly and bringing your lips together in a relaxed position. Now, push your lower jaw forward as if you were trying to scoop something with your lower teeth. Hold this pose for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat this exercise several times to strengthen and define your jawline. In addition to facial exercises and skincare routines, certain lifestyle changes can contribute to reducing face fat and achieving a more sculpted facial appearance. Making these changes part of your daily routine can have a positive impact not only on your face but also on your overall health and well-being. Getting enough sleep is vital for your body’s natural rejuvenation and repair processes, which includes the health and appearance of your face. Lack of sleep can lead to increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which can contribute to weight gain and facial bloating. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to support your efforts in reducing face fat and maintaining a refreshed and youthful appearance. Manage Stress Levels Chronic stress can have numerous negative effects on your physical and mental well-being, including weight gain and facial bloating. Practicing stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in activities you enjoy can help to reduce stress levels and promote a more balanced and relaxed state of mind. This, in turn, can positively impact your facial appearance and promote a more youthful look. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can have detrimental effects on your overall health, including the health and appearance of your skin. Smoking can accelerate the aging process and lead to premature wrinkles and sagging skin, while alcohol is known to dehydrate the body, including the skin. To reduce face fat and achieve a healthy complexion, it’s advisable to avoid smoking altogether and consume alcohol in moderation, if at all. Practice Good Posture Maintaining good posture not only benefits your overall physical health but also contributes to a more defined and sculpted facial appearance. Slouching or poor posture can cause a double chin and sagging skin around the neck and jawline. Focus on sitting and standing upright, gently tucking in your chin, and rolling your shoulders back. This helps to elongate your neck, define your jawline, and promote a more confident and youthful look. Incorporating a combination of facial exercises, massage techniques, cardiovascular workouts, dietary adjustments, hydration, resistance exercises, face yoga, and lifestyle changes can help you achieve a more toned and defined facial appearance. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional or a certified facial yoga instructor if you have any concerns or pre-existing medical conditions. With consistency and dedication, you can reduce face fat naturally and improve your overall facial aesthetics.

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“When you go to church, if the pastor at some point doesn’t make you laugh, he probably ain’t gonna make you join.“ R. Kelly, Musician Pros and Cons of Working as a Clergyman You think about becoming a clergyman but are not sure whether this is a good idea or not? Great! Stick with me since I will show you all the pros and cons of being a pastor in the following chapters. Table of Contents Pastor Job Profile |Pastors are responsible for offering church services to the general public. They also listen to the problems of people and try to give them hope to overcome those dark times. |$85,000 per year on average, most clergymen make between $72,000 and $110,000 per year. |Good since not many people want to do this job. |Decent if you are passionate about the church and your belief in god. |Good since you will have plenty of leisure. |Physically / Mentally Demanding? |Can be mentally and emotionally demanding. |Decent since pastors are not replaceable by machines as many other people are. |You need a college degree for becoming a pastor in most regions. Advantages of Being a Clergyman - Decent job security for pastors - Good future job prospects - Pastors can make good money - Being a pastor is not that stressful - You will have a high standing in your community - Clergymen can help people to overcome difficult situations - You will value your own life much more - Pastors can work indoors - Priests don’t work in a physical manner - You will not have to work many extra hours - Priests have a good work-life balance - Being a pastor is more than just a job Decent job security for pastors One advantage of being a priest is that you will be able to enjoy pretty decent job security. Once you got into this position, you will not have to fear being fired since you will become an integral part of your community and people will really build strong connections with you. In turn, there will be no reason at all to let you go and you will likely stay in this position as long as you want. In fact, many pastors will work in this field for their whole lives while people working as loan officers and many other jobs in the corporate world often have to switch fields sooner or later. Hence, if you are a person who really wants to have a high level of job security, becoming a pastor can really make sense for you in this regard. Good future job prospects Not only will you have pretty good job security right now, but you will also not have to worry about losing your job in the future. Since not that many people want to work in this field, there is a lack of qualified pastors in many regions of our planet. This trend will likely continue and this means excellent job prospects for many years or even decades to come. Thus, while many other people will have to fear losing their jobs in the near future due to machine learning and artificial intelligence, you will not have to worry about those things as a pastor since robots and other machines will just not be able to do the job as well as you can as a human being. Pastors can make good money You should also not underestimate the amount of money you can make from your job as a pastor. Many people don’t know it but some pastors even make a six-figure income. Even if you don’t, you will still make a decent living from what you are doing and many of your friends will not even earn close to what you will be making as a clergyman. Hence, while pastors always claim that they are humble, they can still afford some luxury. Sure, you will not get rich as a parson. Yet, you will also not have to worry about money that much and will be able to afford a decent lifestyle. Being a pastor is not that stressful Another upside to becoming a priest is that you can work in a rather relaxed manner. Instead of working in the corporate world where you have to face time pressure and stress on a regular basis, you will be able to work without those issues as a pastor. In fact, you will have no boss who will look you over the shoulder all day long. Instead, you will have lots of freedom regarding how you want to structure your day and also how you want to do your work. Thus, while many other people out there suffer from burnout and depression that comes from their jobs, you will have a rather relaxed life in this regard and can really enjoy your time at work. You will have a high standing in your community As a pastor, you will also have a good social standing in your community. Since you will be the one who listens to the problems of people, you will also become the one whom those people trust. Quite often, they will rely on you to solve their problems and if you do so in a proper manner, those people will often be quite grateful for what you are doing and will also accept you as kind of a spiritual leader. Consequently, over time, you can build really strong bonds with people in your community and this can also help you in various different ways. The more people you know, the more people can help you in difficult periods of your life. Clergymen can help people to overcome difficult situations As a clergyman, you will also be responsible to help people out during their darkest hours. Quite often, people will come to you desperately looking for help. While this can be emotionally challenging, it also gives you lots of purpose in what you are doing since you know that you do an important job for those people. In turn, while many other people who are just in their jobs for the money will get demotivated in the long run, you will likely stay motivated for much longer since you really see purpose in what you are doing. You will value your own life much more Since you will listen to many bad stories of other people, you will also enjoy your own life much more. You get aware of the fact that those bad things could also have happened to you and you will be really thankful for every day that you don’t have to deal with those things. It will also help you to put your life into perspective and minor things will no longer bother you that much since you know that many other people have it much worse than you. Overall, you will therefore also be able to really grow in character as a pastor and will also be able to enjoy your own life much more. Pastors can work indoors Another benefit of being a pastor is that you can also work indoors. While this may seem quite normal to you, there are still many people out there who will not have the luxury of working indoors. Instead, they have to work outdoors during extreme weather conditions and secretly wish to change places with you in this regard. Hence, while other people have to work outdoors in the cold or during times of extreme heat, you will be the one who can enjoy your time in a rather cozy atmosphere instead. Priests don’t work in a physical manner You can also avoid heavy physical work as a pastor. While you will have to talk a lot and also have to prepare some things, you will still mainly work with your brain instead of having to lift heavy things all day long as construction workers and other people have to do. In turn, your work environment will be much more relaxed and you will also not have the same risk to suffer from physical health problems once you get older. Therefore, becoming a pastor can also be great for you if you don’t want to work in a physical manner and if you also want to protect your body from adverse consequences in the future. You will not have to work many extra hours Pastors also enjoy rather short workweeks. In fact, most pastors work less than 40 hours per week and there are even clergymen who only work part-time. Sure, they also have to prepare some things and do some organizational work. Yet, you will just not have to deal with the same workload as people in the corporate world who often have to work 50 hours+ per week. In turn, you will have more than enough time to spend with your favorite people or on your hobbies. Priests have a good work-life balance Since you will not have to work that many hours as a parson, you will also have a pretty decent work-life balance. In fact, most pastors report that they are pretty happy with their workload and could even work much more if needed. Thus, if you search for a profession that gives you the opportunity to spend lots of time on your leisure and where you can also make decent money at the same time, becoming a clergyman can also make quite a lot of sense for you in this regard. Being a pastor is more than just a job Apart from all the other advantages of a career as a pastor, you can also really enjoy what you are doing. In fact, most clergymen are not in their jobs for the money or for all the other nice things that come along with it. Instead, they really want to help people and their work actually doesn’t feel like work to them. It rather feels like a passion and a calling and priests are therefore quite happy to go to work most of the time since it just feels right to them. As you can see, there are indeed many advantages of working as a parson. Yet, you should still know that it is not all upside and that there are still some issues related to this career path that I want to show you in the following chapter. Disadvantages of Working as a Priest - You sometimes have to work at nighttime - Pastors often have to work on weekends - You have to be flexible - Listening to the problems of people can get exhausting - You have to speak in front of a crowd of people - Teleworking will not be possible - You can’t start your own business - Churches are still rather conservative institutions - You may be responsible to get funding - You may not be allowed to marry - Image of pastors has suffered in the past decades - Parsons do not learn many hard skills - People may make fun of you - Working as a minister may become boring in the long run - You may get stuck in this job for a lifetime - You often need a degree for becoming a pastor You sometimes have to work at nighttime One problem with being a pastor is that you will often have to work in the evening. Depending on your schedule, you may have to work during those unpleasant hours multiple times per week and this means that you will just not be able to meet up with your favorite people after work. Moreover, while some people like working in the evening, many others don’t perform during those times that well and you may also have problems with focusing on your job due to that and if you are one of those people, you may rather want to work as a roofer or in other classical 9 to 5 jobs. Hence, you should ask yourself whether you want to work in the evening on a regular basis before you decide for becoming a pastor since you will likely not get happy with what you are doing otherwise. Pastors often have to work on weekends In contrast to most other people, you will also have to work on weekends as a pastor. In fact, most church services are done on weekends since this is the time when most other people don’t have to work. Thus, while many other people enjoy their leisure or make nice weekend trips, you will often have to work as a parson and this can become really annoying in the long run. You have to be flexible Clergymen also need to be quite flexible. Quite often, your schedule will change from one day to the other and this means that you will have to be ready to work all the time. Moreover, people from your community may call you during unpleasant hours since they are desperately looking for help. If you want to do good for those people in any possible way, you will have to be available 24/7 and this can be a real mental and emotional burden since you will always expect bad news from the people you care about. Consequently, you should also not become a pastor if you don’t have this high level of flexibility to structure your day according to the wishes of your community members. Listening to the problems of people can get exhausting While you can really make a positive impact on the lives of many people by listening to their problems and giving them advice, it can also be really exhausting to do so in the long run. In fact, you will always be surrounded by bad news since people will mostly come to you to seek advice during the darkest periods of their lives. If you are not mentally strong enough to deal with these issues, you will also not be able to unplug and will often lie awake at night thinking about all the bad things that you have heard in the recent past. Hence, before becoming a pastor, make sure to develop a stable mindset to deal with all those issues in an emotionally healthy manner. You have to speak in front of a crowd of people Another downside to becoming a pastor is that you will also have to speak in front of many people. Quite often, you will have hundreds of people listening to you and this can be pretty intimidating and mentally challenging. Of course, this also depends on the type of character you are. If you are an outgoing person who loves the attention of others, working as a clergyman can be a great job for you. However, if you are a rather introverted person who doesn’t want to speak in front of a huge audience, you may rather go for a different career path instead. Teleworking will not be possible While many other people who work in classical office jobs will also be able to work from home, you as a pastor will have to be present in person. In turn, you will just not have the same level of flexibility when it comes to managing your professional and private life at the same time. For instance, someone who works from home can do the laundry between two calls while you will just not be able to use your time as efficiently. In turn, you may have to spend more time on those things after work while other people can enjoy their leisure doing more pleasant things. You can’t start your own business You should also be aware of the fact that it will be almost impossible for you to start your own business as a clergyman. While this is not a problem if you are fine with the role of an employee, it can be detrimental to people who love to be their own boss and for whom starting their own business has always been a dream. Hence, ask yourself what kind of person you are. If you are a true entrepreneur, you should get experience in other fields so that you can start your own business sooner or later in this industry instead of becoming a pastor. Churches are still rather conservative institutions While church tries to become more modern, it is still a rather conservative institution and you should therefore not expect that your new and fancy ideas will be appreciated that much. Also if you want to change things, many people will not listen to you but rather want to maintain the status quo, which can be really frustrating in the long run. You may be responsible to get funding Another disadvantage of working as a pastor is that you may also be responsible in terms of funding. Churches urgently rely on donations to finance their actions and this means that you as a clergyman will often be the one who has to work on those donation campaigns. In turn, apart from your actual work as a pastor, you will likely have some additional things to do which may eat up your leisure. You may not be allowed to marry In many countries, pastors also have a pretty hard time when it comes to marrying or having a family. In fact, most pastors are not allowed to take part in those things and this can be really frustrating, especially if you always wanted to have children. Hence, make sure that you are fine with the rules that churches impose on you in your region before going this spiritual career path. Image of pastors has suffered in the past decades There had also been many scandals related to the church in the past. Thus, the image of pastors has greatly suffered over the past decade and people may therefore no longer trust you as much. Also your social reputation may be much lower due to the mistrust and the prejudices many people might have. Parsons do not learn many hard skills While you will learn how to deal with people during your career as a pastor, you will still not learn many other skills. This can become a serious problem, especially in case you want to quit your pastor career one day since you will often not have the skills required to compete in the job market. People may make fun of you While many people will appreciate your work, others will just make fun of you and try to bring you down for no reason. Thus, make sure to develop a stable mindset to deal with those snarky comments in an emotionally healthy manner. Working as a minister may become boring in the long run If you are not really passionate about what you are doing, you may also become bored with your job as a pastor pretty soon. Hence, make sure that that working in this field is really your passion to avoid becoming unmotivated in the long run. You may get stuck in this job for a lifetime Since you will not learn many skills that are valuable in the job market as a parson, you may also get stuck in this field forever. Hence, before becoming a pastor, make sure that this is really what you want to do until retirement age to avoid unemployment and all the issues that come along with it. You often need a degree for becoming a pastor Becoming a pastor is also not that easy. Quite often, you need a college degree for becoming a clergyman. This means that you will have to spend many years on college and you will also have significant costs related to this college education. Thus, make sure that you are willing to make this commitment before you actually decide to go for it. Top 10 Being a Pastor Pros & Cons – Summary List |Being a Pastor Pros |Being a Pastor Cons |Pastors don’t work many extra hours |Pastors often have to work at nighttime |You can enjoy decent work-life balance |You have to listen to the problems of others |Pastors can make good money |Problems to unplug from work |Working as a pastor is rather relaxed |There had been many scandals in the past |You can avoid physical work |People may no longer trust you |Clergymen can work indoors |People may make fun of you |You can do good for others |Pastors often have to work on weekends |You will value your own life much more |You don’t learn many valuable skills |You learn how to deal with people |Hard to get out of this field |Working as a pastor can be a passion |You may get bored in the long run Should You Become A Pastor? Now that you know all the advantages and disadvantages of being a pastor, it is on you to decide whether you still want to go this career path or if you want to go for other jobs in the corporate world instead. If you still want to become a clergyman or clergywoman, you should also get detailed information on the salary, future outlook, work-life balance, job satisfaction, educational requirements, duties and responsibilities of pastors. Also make sure to check out the following articles: About the author My name is Andreas and my mission is to educate people about the different career paths that are possible in our current state of the world. In my opinion, people often make the mistake to choose their profession solely based on how much money they can earn from it instead of doing what makes them really happy. This is quite sad and I just want to give people a more objective picture of how a fulfilling career could look like. I did the same when I started working in consulting after finishing my Master’s degree in Economics. However, I’ve quit pretty soon after that since I haven’t found true meaning in my job. Now I can do what I really love to do and I want to enable as many other people as well to go this exciting path towards happiness instead of money. I conducted various interviews with employees to give you a good impression of what working in different fields will look like and that you can make the best possible decision regarding your future career choice. Wanna support my blog? Share it!

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Last Revised: July 2021 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT MOXIWORKS AND ALL ASSOCIATED SERVICES AND SYSTEMS ARE HOUSED ON SERVERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. IF YOU ARE LOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES OR CANADA, INFORMATION WE COLLECT (INCLUDING COOKIES) ARE PROCESSED AND STORED IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA, WHICH MAY NOT OFFER THE SAME LEVEL OF PRIVACY PROTECTION AS THE COUNTRY WHERE YOU RESIDE OR ARE A CITIZEN. BY USING THE SERVICE AND PROVIDING INFORMATION TO US, YOU CONSENT TO THE TRANSFER TO AND PROCESSINGOF THE INFORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 1. INFORMATION COLLECTION 1.1 Summary of Information Collected As discussed further below, we have collected the following categories of personal information from users in the last twelve (12) months. We obtain these categories of personal information with the methods described herein. |Have We Collected Any Information in This Category? |A real name, alias, postal address, unique personal identifier, online identifier, internet protocol address, email address, account name, social security number, driver’s license number, passport number, or other similar identifiers. |B. Personal information categories listed in the California Customer Records statute (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.80(e)). A name, signature, social security number, physical characteristics or description, address, telephone number, passport number, driver’s license or state identification card number, insurance policy number, education, employment, employment history, bank account number, credit card number, debit card number, or any other financial information, medical information, or health insurance information. Some personal information included in this category may overlap with other categories. |C. Protected classification characteristics under California or federal law. |Age (40 years or older), race, color, ancestry, national origin, citizenship, religion or creed, marital status, medical condition, physical or mental disability, sex (including gender, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy or childbirth and related medical conditions), sexual orientation, veteran or military status, genetic information (including familial genetic information). |D. Commercial information. |Records of personal property, products or services purchased, obtained, or considered, or other purchasing or consuming histories or tendencies. |E. Biometric information. |Genetic, physiological, behavioral, and biological characteristics, or activity patterns used to extract a template or other identifier or identifying information, such as, fingerprints, faceprints, and voiceprints, iris or retina scans, keystroke, gait, or other physical patterns, and sleep, health, or exercise data. |F. Internet or other similar network activity. |Browsing history, search history, information on a consumer’s interaction with a website, application, or advertisement. |G. Geolocation data. |Physical location or movements. |H. Sensory data. |Audio, electronic, visual, thermal, olfactory, or similar information. |I. Professional or employment-related information. |Current or past job history or performance evaluations. |J. Non-public education information (per the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (20 U.S.C. Section 1232g, 34 C.F.R. Part 99)). |Education records directly related to a student maintained by an educational institution or party acting on its behalf, such as grades, transcripts, class lists, student schedules, student identification codes, student financial information, or student disciplinary records. |K. Inferences drawn from other personal information. |Profile reflecting a person’s preferences, characteristics, psychological trends, predispositions, behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, and aptitudes. Personal information under the CCPA does not include: - Publicly available information from government records. - De-identified or aggregated consumer information. - Certain health or medical information otherwise covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA) or clinical trial data; and - Personal information covered by certain sector-specific privacy laws, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FRCA), the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) or California Financial Information Privacy Act (FIPA), and the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act of 1994. 1.2 Descriptions of Information Collected (a) General. When you use the Service, you can browse without submitting any personally identifiable information about yourself. We will, however, receive and store some non-personally identifiable information about you, as described below. In order to participate in certain functionalities, you may be asked to provide personally identifiable information. “Personally identifiable information” is information that would allow us to actually identify you, such as your name, postal address, email address, telephone number, or any other information the Service collects that is defined as personal or personally identifiable information under applicable law. Additionally, you may also be asked to provide information, such as details about a home or other real estate properties. Information may be collected, for example, when you register on the Services, share or save a property via your account, save preferred searches, correspond with real estate agents, brokers, or other real estate professionals via the Services, or complete other forms or transactions. You may also provide information about a third party through the Services, for example, if you share a real estate listing with a recipient via email. We may combine this information with other information we collect from your interaction with the Services or from other companies. (b) Account; Login. If you create an account, you will be asked to provide and we may collect certain information, including, but not limited to, your email address and password selected by you. It is your responsibility to keep your information up to date and to ensure that we have an active and deliverable email address for you. We are not responsible for any problems, interruptions in access, or liability that may arise if you do not give us complete and accurate information or if you fail to update your information so that it is current. Specific details on how to correct or change your information are provided on the “Settings” page of “My Account.” Subscription information can be removed from our e-mail lists by changing the “Unsubscribe” settings. (d) Public Content. You may provide information through the Service that is intended for public consumption and is therefore viewable by the public, including photos, ratings, reviews, tips, lists, and real estate listing information. (e) Location Information. If you use our Service, we may receive your generic location (such as city or neighborhood) or, with your consent, precise geographic location data. We may use and store this information to provide and improve features of our Service. For example, to tailor our Site on a needs-based manner to better facilitate your use and to provide you more relevant content about real estate in your city or cities you visit. (f) Automatically Collected Information. Similar to other websites and services, we may collect some information automatically and store it in log files. We may use third-party analytics providers (“Analytics Providers”) to collect this information about the Service. See subsection 1.2(g) below (Third-Party Analytics) for more information on our use of Analytics Providers and the information collected by such providers. This collection may include, but is not limited to: your IP address, browser type and language, device type, referring/exit pages and URLs, other browser history, platform type, number of clicks, landing pages, cookie information, the pages you requested and viewed, the amount of time spent on particular pages, and the date and time of each request you make. We collect this non-identifying information in order to better understand our users, to more efficiently operate our business, to promote our services and to improve the quality of the Service. We may automatically collect information using various tracking technologies, such as cookies and web beacons. - Web Beacons. Web beacons (also referred to as clear gifs, pixel tags, and single-pixel gifs) are tiny graphics with a unique identifier that are used to track the online movements of web or mobile app users. Unlike cookies, which are stored on a computer’s hard drive or your smartphone, web beacons are small graphics that are about the size of the period at the end of the sentence that are embedded invisibly on, for example, web pages or in HTML-based emails. Our Analytics Providers may place web beacons on the Site that track what other websites you visit (both before and after visiting the Site). Our Analytics Providers use information obtained from web beacons to help us improve our business and the Service. We do not control the use of web beacons by Analytics Providers. We may use or disclose the personal information identified above for one or more of the following business purposes (“Business Purpose”), as further described in Sections 2 (Information Use) and 3 (Information Disclosure): - To fulfill or meet the reason you provided the information (e.g., to help provide products and services to you). - To personalize and develop the Service and the services we provide you through the Service and improve our offerings. - To provide certain features or functionalities of the Service. - For marketing and promotions. - To provide you with support, to communicate with you and respond to your inquiries, including to investigate and address your concerns and monitor and improve our responses. - To help maintain the safety, security, and integrity of the Service, the Site, our services, databases, other technology assets, and business. - For testing, research, analysis, and product development, including to develop and improve the Service. - To respond to law enforcement requests and as required by applicable law, court order, or governmental regulations. - To prevent illegal activity, fraud, and abuse. - As described to you when collecting your personal information or as otherwise set forth in the CCPA. - To evaluate or conduct a merger, divestiture, restructuring, reorganization, dissolution, or other sale or transfer of some or all of our assets, whether as a going concern or as part of bankruptcy, liquidation, or similar proceeding, in which personal information held by us about our users is among the assets transferred or liquidated. 2. INFORMATION USE (a) General. We will use your personally identifiable information to operate, manage, and administer your account and the Service; to provide you with support; to communicate with you; to monitor Service usage; to improve the Service or develop and test new products, services, websites or applications; and personalize the Services and present you with advertising, content or features that we believe will be of interest or useful to you. We may also use personally identifiable information to resolve disputes; to detect and protect against errors, fraud, and illegal activity; to (c) Use of Non-Personally Identifiable and Aggregate Information. We may use non-personally identifiable information and aggregate information for any lawful purpose, including, but not limited to, analyzing trends, managing and administering the Service, tracking users’ movements, to create new products or services or to improve our business and the Service. In addition, we may share aggregate statistical information with our business partners. We may also combine your non-personally identifiable information and aggregate information with other non-personally identifiable information and aggregate information collected from other sources. We will take reasonable steps to ensure that aggregate information is never associated with you or your personally identifiable information. (d) Information Retention. We may retain your information indefinitely, or as long as legally required or allowed, for our business needs and in order to deter fraud or abuse of the Service. We may dispose of any information in our discretion without notice, subject to applicable law. We do not undertake any retention obligations through this statement. 3. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 3.1 Disclosures of Personal Information in the Last Twelve Months In the preceding twelve (12) months, we have disclosed the following categories of personal information for a Business Purpose: - Category A: Identifiers. - Category B: California Customer Records personal information categories. - Category C: Protected classification characteristics under California or federal law. - Category D: Commercial information. - Category F: Internet or other similar network activity. - Service providers. - Affiliated companies. - Analytics providers. 3.2 Affiliated Entities and Service Providers 3.3 Business Partners 3.4 Legal Requirements In some cases, we may disclose your information, including personally identifiable information: (i) as required by any applicable law, rule or regulation; (ii) if we believe disclosure is needed to protect our rights, property or safety; and (iii) to government regulators or law enforcement authorities in connection with any judicial proceeding, court order, subpoena or legal process served on us or the Service; and (iv) to respond to a physical threat to you or another person. 3.5 Insolvency and Business Transitions If we should ever file for bankruptcy or engage in a business transition such as an acquisition by or merger with another company, or if we sell or reorganize all or part of our business or assets, we may disclose your information, including, but not limited to, personally identifiable information, to prospective or actual purchasers or transaction participants in connection with these transactions. 4. INFORMATION SECURITY MEASURES We exercise care in facilitating the transmission of information between your device or computer and the third party servers that operate and store information for the Service. The personally identifiable information we collect is stored in operating environments that are not available to the public. While we have mechanisms in place to safeguard your personally identifiable information once we receive it, no transmission of data over the Internet or any other public network can be guaranteed to be 100% secure. 5. CHILDREN’S PRIVACY (a) The Service Is Not for or Directed Towards Children. The Service is not intended for anyone under the age of 18. We do not intend to and will not knowingly collect any personally identifiable information from children under the age of 13. Children under the age of 13 are prohibited from using the Service. If we learn that we have collected information from a child under the age of 13, we will remove that information immediately and delete it from our servers. If you believe information from a child under the age of 13 has been provided to the Service, please notify us at: [email protected]. (b) California Minors. While the Service is not intended for anyone under the age of 18, if you are a California resident under age 18 and you believe your information has become publicly-available through the Service and you are unable to remove it, you may request removal by contacting us at: [email protected]. When requesting removal, you must be specific about the information you want removed and provide us with specific information, so that we can find it. 6. YOUR CALIFORNIA PRIVACY RIGHTS 6.1 California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) If you are a California resident, we process your personal information in accordance with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Sale of personal information. MoxiWorks does not sell your personal information. Because of this we do not offer an option to opt-out of the sale of personal information. Your rights. Under the CCPA, you have the right to request that (i) we disclose what personal information about you has been collected, used, disclosed, and sold, and (ii) we delete your personal information. You or an authorized agent acting on your behalf may submit a request for either a disclosure (i) or a deletion (ii). Authorized agents or delegates should provide the MoxiWorks support team with the name of the requestor who they are acting on behalf of, their brokerage name, and their MLS ID in order to authenticate the requestors information. Exercising your rights. You can exercise your rights and submit CCPA disclosure or deletion requests by (i) submitting a web form at https://moxiprivacy.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new or by (ii) contacting support through our dedicated toll-free line at (888) 447-0733. Exercising these CCPA rights will not result in discriminatory treatment from MoxiWorks, such as degrading your service quality or charging a higher fee for our products and services. Only you, or a person registered with the California Secretary of State that you authorize to act on your behalf, may make a verifiable consumer request related to your personal information. You may also make a verifiable consumer request on behalf of your minor child. You may only make such a request for access or data portability twice within a twelve-month period. The verifiable consumer request must provide sufficient information that allows us to reasonably verify you are the person about whom we collected personal information or an authorized representative, and describe your request with sufficient detail that allows us to properly understand, evaluate, and respond to it. We cannot respond to your request or provide you with personal information if we cannot verify your identity or authority to make the request and confirm the personal information relates to you. Making a verifiable consumer request does not require you to create an account with us. We will only use personal information provided in a verifiable consumer request to verify the requestor’s identity or authority to make the request. We endeavor to respond to a verifiable consumer request within forty-five (45) days of its receipt. If we require more time (up to ninety (90) days), we will inform you of the reason and extension period in writing. We will deliver our written response electronically. Any disclosures we provide will only cover the twelve (12) month period preceding the verifiable consumer request’s receipt. The response we provide will also explain the reasons we cannot comply with a request, if applicable. For data portability requests, we will select a format to provide your personal information that is readily useable and should allow you to transmit the information from one entity to another entity without hindrance. We do not charge a fee to process or respond to your verifiable consumer request unless it is excessive, repetitive, or manifestly unfounded. If we determine that the request warrants a fee, we will tell you why we made that decision and provide you with a cost estimate before completing your request. 6.2 CALIFORNIA SHINE THE LIGHT LAW California Civil Code Section 1798.83 permits users who are California residents to obtain from us once a year, free of charge, a list of third parties to whom we have disclosed personally identifiable information (if any) for direct marketing purposes in the preceding calendar year. If you are a California resident and you wish to make such a request, please send an e-mail with “California Privacy Rights” in the subject line to [email protected]. 7. CANADIAN RESIDENTS The Services and our privacy practices are compliant with the fair information principles of The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”). In addition to the disclosures made above, we: - Have appointed a privacy officer to monitor our compliance with PIPEDA. - Take reasonable steps to verify the accuracy of the personal information we collect. - Take appropriate safeguards to protect the personal information, as further described in this Section 4. 1000 Second Avenue, Suite 1300 Seattle, WA 98104. 8. NON-U.S. AND NON-CANADIAN RESIDENTS - CONSENT TO SUBMIT INFORMATION 9. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS FOR EEA AND CERTAIN OTHER TERRITORIES If you are from certain territories (such as the European Economic Area (EEA)), you may have the right to exercise additional rights available to you under applicable laws, including: - Right of erasure: In certain circumstances, you may have a broader right to erasure of personal information that we hold about you – for example, if it is no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which it was originally collected. Please note, however, that we may need to retain certain information for record keeping purposes, to complete transactions or to comply with our legal obligations. - Right to object to processing: You may have the right to request that MoxiWorks stop processing your personal information and/or to stop sending you marketing communications. - Right to restrict processing: You may have the right to request that we restrict processing of your personal information in certain circumstances (for example, where you believe that the personal information we hold about you is inaccurate or unlawfully held). - Right to data portability: In certain circumstances, you may have the right to be provided with your personal information in a structured, machine readable and commonly used format and to request that we transfer the personal information to another data controller without hindrance. 10. LINKED SITES 11. CHANGES TO THIS POLICY 12. ACCESSING OR UPDATING YOUR INFORMATION MoxiWorks provides you with the opportunity to know about the information that MoxiWorks holds about you, together with the ability to correct, amend or delete, as appropriate, any such information that is incomplete or inaccurate. Should you wish to exercise any of these options or should you have any questions or concerns about information that MoxiWorks has collected in relation to you, please feel free to contact us by emailing [email protected]. We will make good faith efforts to resolve requests to correct inaccurate information except where the request is unreasonable, requires disproportionate technical effort or expense, jeopardizes the privacy of others, or would be impractical. If your account is terminated for any reason, your information will no longer be accessible through your account or associated with your account. However, activity that occurred prior to deletion may still continue to be stored on our systems or the systems of our service providers indefinitely. 14. PRIVACY QUESTIONS

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Birthplace: Churchill, Oxfordshire, England Location of death: Daylesford, Oxfordshire, England Cause of death: unspecified Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Executive summary: First Governor-General of India The first governor-general of British India, born on the 6th of December 1732 in the little hamlet of Churchill in Oxfordshire. He came of a family which had been settled for many generations in the adjoining village of Daylesford; but his great-grandfather had sold the ancestral manor-house, and his grandfather had been unable to maintain himself in possession of the family living. His mother died a few days after giving him birth; his father, Pynaston Hastings, drifted away to perish obscurely in the West Indies. Thus unfortunate in his birth, young Hastings received the elements of education at a charity school in his native village. At the age of eight he was taken in charge by an elder brother of his father, Howard Hastings, who held a post in the customs. After spending two years at a private school at Newington Butts, he was moved to Westminster, where among his contemporaries occur the names of Lord Thurlow and Lord Shelburne, Sir Elijah Impey, and the poets William Cowper and Charles Churchill. In 1749, when his headmaster Dr. Nichols was already anticipating for him a successful career at the university, his uncle died, leaving him to the care of a distant kinsman, Mr. Creswicke, who was afterwards in the direction of the East India Company; and he determined to send his ward to seek his fortune as a "writer" in Bengal. When Hastings landed at Calcutta in October 1750 the affairs of the East India Company were at a low ebb. Throughout the entire south of the peninsula French influence was predominant. The settlement of Fort St. George or Madras, captured by force of arms, had only recently been restored in accordance with a clause of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. The organizing genius of Dupleix everywhere overshadowed the native imagination, and the star of Clive had scarcely yet risen above the horizon. The rivalry between the English and the French, which had already convulsed the south, did not penetrate to Bengal. That province was under the able government of Ali Vardi Khan, who peremptorily forbade the foreign settlers at Calcutta and Chandernagore to introduce feuds from Europe. The duties of a young "writer" were then such as are implied in the name. At an early date Hastings was placed in charge of an aurang or factory in the interior, where his duties would be to superintend the weaving of silk and cotton goods under a system of money advances. In 1753 he was transferred to Cossimbazar, the river-port of the native capital of Murshidabad. In 1756 the old nawab died, and was succeeded by his grandson Suraj ud Dowlah, a young madman of 19, whose name is indelibly associated with the tragedy of the Black Hole. When that passionate young prince, in revenge for a fancied wrong, resolved to drive the English out of Bengal, his first step was to occupy the fortified factory at Cossimbazar, and make prisoners of Hastings and his companions. Hastings was soon released at the intercession of the Dutch resident, and made use of his position at Murshidabad to open negotiations with the English fugitives at Falta, the site of a Dutch factory near the mouth of the Hugli. In later days he used to refer with pride to his services on this occasion, when he was first initiated into the wiles of Oriental diplomacy. After a while he found it necessary to fly from the Mahommedan court and join the main body of the English at Falta. When the relieving force arrived from Madras under Colonel Clive and Admiral Watson, Hastings enrolled himself as a volunteer, and took part in the action which led to the recovery of Calcutta. Clive showed his appreciation of Hastings's merits by appointing him in 1758 to the important post of resident at the court of Murshidabad. It was there that he first came into collision with the Bengali Brahman, Nuncomar, whose subsequent fate has supplied more material for controversy than any other episode in his career. During his three years of office as resident he was able to render not a few valuable services to the Company; but it is more important to observe that his name nowhere occurs in the official lists of those who derived pecuniary profit from the necessities and weakness of the native court. In 1761 he was promoted to be member of council, under the presidency of Mr. Vansittart, who had been introduced by Clive from Madras. The period of Vansittart's government has been truly described as "the most revolting page of our Indian history." The entire duties of administration were suffered to remain in the hands of the nawab, while a few irresponsible English traders had drawn to themselves all real power. The members of council, the commanders of the troops, and the commercial residents plundered on a grand scale. The youngest servant of the Company claimed the right of trading on his own account, free from taxation and from local jurisdiction, not only for himself but also for every native subordinate whom he might permit to use his name. It was this exemption, threatening the very foundations of the Mussulman government, that finally led to a rupture with the nawab. Macaulay, in his celebrated essay, has said that "of the conduct of Hastings at this time little is known." As a matter of fact, the book which Macaulay was professing to review describes at length the honorable part consistently taken by Hastings in opposition to the great majority of the council. Sometimes in conjunction only with Vansittart, sometimes absolutely alone, he protested unceasingly against the policy and practices of his colleagues. On one occasion he was stigmatized in a minute by Mr. Batson with "having espoused the nawab's cause, and as a hired solicitor defended all his actions, however dishonourable and detrimental to the Company." An altercation ensued. Batson gave him the lie and struck him in the council chamber. When war was actually begun, Hastings officially recorded his previous resolution to have resigned, in order to repudiate responsibility for measures which he had always opposed. Waiting only for the decisive victory of Buxar over the allied forces of Bengal and Oudh, he resigned his seat and sailed for England in November 1764. After fourteen years' residence in Bengal Hastings did not return home a rich man, estimated by the opportunities of his position. According to the custom of the time he had augmented his slender salary by private trade. At a later date he was charged by Edmund Burke with having taken up profitable contracts for supplying bullocks for the use of the Company's troops. It is admitted that he conducted by means of agents a large business in timber in the Gangetic Sundarbans. When at Falta he had married Mrs. Buchanan, the widow of an officer. She bore him two children, of whom one died in infancy at Murshidabad, and was shortly followed to the grave by her mother. Their common gravestone is in existence at the present day, bearing date July 11, 1759. The other child, a son, was sent to England, and also died shortly before his father's return. While at home Hastings is said to have attached himself to literary society; and it may be inferred from his own letters that he now made the personal acquaintance of Samuel Johnson and Lord Mansfield. In 1766 he was called upon to give evidence before a committee of the House of Commons upon the affairs of Bengal. The good sense and clearness of the views which he expressed caused attention to be paid to his desire to be again employed in India. His pecuniary affairs were embarrassed, partly from the liberality with which he had endowed his few surviving relatives. The great influence of Lord Clive was also exercised on his behalf. At last, in the winter of 1768, he received the appointment of second in council at Madras. Among his companions on his voyage round the Cape were the Baron Imhoff, a speculative portrait-painter, and his wife, a lady of some personal attractions and great social charm, who was destined henceforth to be Hastings's lifelong companion. Of his two years' work at Madras it is needless to speak in detail. He won the goodwill of his employers by devoting himself to the improvement of their manufacturing business, and he kept his hands clean from the prevalent taint of pecuniary transactions with the nawab of the Carnatic. One fact of some interest is not generally known. He drew up a scheme for the construction of a pier at Madras, to avoid the dangers of landing through the surf, and instructed his brother-in-law in England to obtain estimates from the engineers Brindley and Smeaton. In the beginning of 1772 his ambition was stimulated by the nomination to the second place in council in Bengal with a promise of the reversion of the governorship when Mr. Cartier should retire. Since his departure from Bengal in 1764 the situation of affairs in that settlement had scarcely improved. The second governorship of Clive was marked by the transfer of the diwani or financial administration from the Mogul emperor to the Company, and by the enforcement of stringent regulations against the besetting sin of peculation. But Clive was followed by two inefficient successors; and in 1770 occurred the most terrible Indian famine on record, which is credibly estimated to have swept away one-third of the population. In April 1772 Warren Hastings took his seat as president of the council at Fort William. His first care was to carry out the instructions received from home, and effect a radical reform in the system of government. Clive's plan of governing through the agency of the native court had proved a failure. The directors were determined "to stand forth as diwan, and take upon themselves by their own servants the entire management of the revenues." All the officers of administration were transferred from Murshidabad to Calcutta, which Hastings boasted at this early date that he would make the first city in Asia. This reform involved the ruin of many native reputations, and for a second time brought Hastings into collision with the wily Brahman, Nuncomar. At the same time a settlement of the land revenue on leases for five years was begun, and the police and military systems of the country were placed upon a new footing. Hastings was a man of immense industry, with an insatiable appetite for detail. The whole of this large series of reforms was conducted under his own personal supervision, and upon no part of his multifarious labors did he dwell in his letters home with greater pride. As an independent measure of economy, the stipend paid to the titular nawab of Bengal, who was then a minor, was reduced by one-half to sixteen lakhs a year (say £160,000). Macaulay imputes this reduction to Hastings as a characteristic act of financial immorality; but in truth it had been expressly enjoined by the court of directors, in a despatch dated six months before he took up office. His pecuniary bargains with Suraj ud Dowlah, the nawab wazir of Oudh, stand on a different basis. Hastings himself always regarded them as incidents in his general scheme of foreign policy. The Mahrattas at this time had got possession of the person of the Mogul emperor, Shah Alam, from whom Clive obtained the grant of Bengal in 1765, and to whom he assigned in return the districts of Allahabad and Kora and a tribute of £300,000. With the emperor in their camp, the Mahrattas were threatening the province of Oudh, and causing a large British force to be cantoned along the frontier for its defense. Warren Hastings, as a deliberate measure of policy, withheld the tribute due to the emperor, and resold Allahabad and Kora to the wazir of Oudh. The Mahrattas retreated, and all danger for the time was dissipated by the death of their principal leader. The wazir now bethought him that he had a good opportunity for satisfying an old quarrel against the adjoining tribe of Rohillas, who had played fast and loose with him while the Mahratta army was at hand. The Rohillas were a race of Afghan origin, who had established themselves for some generations in a fertile tract west of Oudh, between the Himalayas and the Ganges, which still bears the name of Rohilkhand. They were not so much the occupiers of the soil as a dominant caste of warriors and freebooters. But in those troubled days their title was as good as any to be found in India. After not a little hesitation, Hastings consented to allow the Company's troops to be used to further the ambitious designs of his Oudh ally, in consideration of a sum of money which relieved the ever-pressing wants of the Bengal treasury. The Rohillas were defeated in fair fight. Some of them fled the country, and so far as possible Hastings obtained terms for those who remained. The fighting, no doubt, on the part of the wazir was conducted with all the savagery of Oriental warfare; but there is no evidence that it was a war of extermination. Meanwhile, the affairs of the East India Company had come under the consideration of parliament. The Regulating Act, passed by Lord North's. ministry in 1773, effected considerable changes in the constitution of the Bengal government. The council was reduced to four members with a governor-general, who were to exercise certain indefinite powers of control over the presidencies of Madras and Bombay. Hastings was named in the act as governor-general for a term of five years. The council consisted of General Clavering and the Hon. Colonel Monson, two third-rate politicians of considerable parliamentary influence; Philip Francis, then only known as an able permanent official; and Barwell, of the Bengal Civil Service. At the same time a supreme court of judicature was appointed, composed of a chief and three puisne judges, to exercise an indeterminate jurisdiction at Calcutta. The chief-justice was Sir Elijah Impey, already mentioned as a schoolfellow of Hastings at Westminster. The whole tendency of the Regulating Act was to establish for the first time the influence of the crown, or rather of parliament, in Indian affairs. The new members of council disembarked at Calcutta on the 19th of October 1774; and on the following day commenced the long feud which scarcely terminated twenty-one years later with the acquittal of Warren Hastings by the House of Lords. Macaulay states that the members of council were put in ill-humor because their salute of guns was not proportionate to their dignity. In a contemporary letter Francis thus expresses the same petty feeling: "Surely Mr H. might have put on a ruffled shirt." Taking advantage of an ambiguous clause in their commission, the majority of the council (for Barwell uniformly sided with Hastings) forthwith proceeded to pass in review the recent measures of the governor-general. All that he had done they condemned; all that they could they reversed. Hastings was reduced to the position of a cipher at their meetings. After a time they lent a ready ear to detailed allegations of corruption brought against him by his old enemy Nuncomar. To charges from such a source, and brought in such a manner, Hastings disdained to reply, and referred his accuser to the supreme court. The majority of the council, in their executive capacity, resolved that the governor-general had been guilty of peculation, and ordered him to refund. A few days later Nuncomar was thrown into prison on a charge of forgery preferred by a private prosecutor, tried before the supreme court sitting in bar, found guilty by a jury of Englishmen and sentenced to be hanged. Hastings always maintained that he did not cause the charge to be instituted, and the legality of Nuncomar's trial is thoroughly proved by Sir James Stephen. The majority of the council abandoned their supporter, who was executed in due course. He had forwarded a petition for reprieve to the council, which Clavering took care should not be presented in time, and which was subsequently burnt by the common hangman on the motion of Francis. While the strife was at its hottest, Hastings had sent an agent to England with a general authority to place his resignation in the hands of the Company under certain conditions. The agent thought fit to exercise that authority. The resignation was promptly accepted, and one of the directors was appointed to the vacancy. But in the meantime Colonel Monson had died, and Hastings was thus restored, by virtue of his casting vote, to the supreme management of affairs. He refused to ratify his resignation; and when Clavering attempted to seize on the governor-generalship, he judiciously obtained an opinion from the judges of the supreme court in his favor. From that time forth, though he could not always command an absolute majority in council, Hastings was never again subjected to gross insult, and his general policy was able to prevail. A crisis was now approaching in foreign affairs which demanded all the experience and all the genius of Hastings for its solution. Bengal was prosperous, and free from external enemies on every quarter. But the government of Bombay had hurried on a rupture with the Mahratta confederacy at a time when France was on the point of declaring war against England, and when the mother-country found herself unable to subdue her rebellious colonists in America. Hastings did not hesitate to take upon his own shoulders the whole responsibility of military affairs. All the French settlements in India were promptly occupied. On the part of Bombay, the Mahratta war was conducted with procrastination and disgrace. But Hastings amply avenged the capitulation of Wargaon by the complete success of his own plan of operations. Colonel Goddard with a Bengal army marched across the breadth of the peninsula from the valley of the Ganges to the western sea, and achieved almost without a blow the conquest of Gujarat. Captain Popham, with a small detachment, stormed the rock fortress of Gwalior, then deemed impregnable and the key of central India; and by this feat held in check Sindhia, the most formidable of the Mahratta chiefs. The Bhonsla Mahratta raja of Nagpur, whose dominions bordered on Bengal, was won over by the diplomacy of an emissary of Hastings. But while these events were taking place, a new source of embarrassment had arisen at Calcutta. The supreme court, whether rightly or wrongly, assumed a jurisdiction of first instance over the entire province of Bengal. The English common law, with all the absurdities and rigors of that day, was arbitrarily extended to an alien system of society. Zamíndárs, or government renters, were arrested on mesne process; the sanctity of the zenána, or women's chamber, as dear to Hindus as to Mahommedans, was violated by the sheriff's officer; the deepest feelings of the people and the entire fabric of revenue administration were alike disregarded. On this point the entire council acted in harmony. Hastings and Francis went joint-bail for imprisoned natives of distinction. At last, after the dispute between the judges and the executive threatened to become a trial of armed force, Hastings set it at rest by a characteristic stroke of policy. A new judicial office was created in the name of the Company, to which Sir Elijah Impey was appointed, though he never consented to draw the additional salary offered to him. The understanding between Hastings and Francis, originating in this state of affairs, was for a short period extended to general policy. An agreement was come to by which Francis received patronage for his circle of friends, while Hastings was to be unimpeded in the control of foreign affairs. But a difference of interpretation arose. Hastings recorded in an official minute that he had found Francis's private and public conduct to be "void of truth and honour." They met as duellists. Francis fell wounded, and soon afterwards returned to England. The Mahratta war was not yet terminated, but a far more formidable danger now threatened the English in India. The imprudent conduct of the Madras authorities had irritated beyond endurance the two greatest Mussulman powers in the peninsula, the nizam of the Deccan and Hyder Ali, the usurper of Mysore, who began to negotiate an alliance with the Mahrattas. A second time the genius of Hastings saved the British empire in the east. On the arrival of the news that Hyder had descended from the highlands of Mysore, cut to pieces the only British army in the field, and swept the Carnatic up to the gates of Madras, he at once adopted a policy of extraordinary boldness. He signed a blank treaty of peace with the Mahrattas, who were still in arms, reversed the action of the Madras government towards the nizam, and concentrated all the resources of Bengal against Hyder Ali. Sir Eyre Coote, a general of renown in former Carnatic wars, was sent by sea to Madras with all the troops and treasure that could be got together; and a strong body of reinforcements subsequently marched southwards under Colonel Pearse along the coast line of Orissa. The landing of Coote preserved Madras from destruction, though the war lasted through many campaigns and only terminated with the death of Hyder. Pearse's detachment was decimated by an epidemic of cholera (perhaps the first mention of this disease by name in Indian history); but the survivors penetrated to Madras, and not only held in check Bhonsla and the nizam, but also corroborated the lesson taught by Goddard -- that the Company's sepoys could march anywhere, when boldly led. Hastings's personal task was to provide the ways and means for this exhausting war. A considerable economy was effected by a reform in the establishment for collecting the land tax. The government monopolies of opium and salt were then for the first time placed upon a remunerative basis. But these reforms were of necessity slow in their beneficial operation. The pressing demands of the military chest had to be satisfied by loans, and in at least one case from the private purse of the governor-general. Ready cash could alone fill up the void; and it was to the hoards of native princes that Hastings's fertile mind at once turned. Chait Sing, raja of Benares, the greatest of the vassal chiefs who had grown rich under the protection of the British rule, lay under the suspicion of disloyalty. The wazir of Oudh had fallen into arrears in the payment due for the maintenance of the Company's garrison posted in his dominions, and his administration was in great disorder. In his case the ancestral hoards were under the control of his mother, the begum of Oudh, into whose hands they had been allowed to pass at the time when Hastings was powerless in council. Hastings resolved to make a progress up country in order to arrange the affairs of both provinces, and bring back all the treasure that could be squeezed out of its holders by his personal intervention. When he reached Benares and presented his demands, the raja rose in insurrection, and the governor-general barely escaped with his life. But the faithful Popham rapidly rallied a force for his defense. The insurgents were defeated again and again; Chait Sing took to flight, and an augmented permanent tribute was imposed upon his successor. The Oudh business was managed with less risk. The wazir consented to everything demanded of him. The begum was charged with having abetted Chait Sing in his rebellion; and after the severest pressure applied to herself and her attendant eunuchs, a fine of more than a million sterling was exacted from her. Hastings appears to have been not altogether satisfied with the incidents of this expedition, and to have anticipated the censure which it received in England. As a measure of precaution, he procured documentary evidence of the rebellious intentions of the raja and the begum, to the validity of which Impey obligingly lent his extra-judicial sanction. The remainder of Hastings's term of office in India was passed in comparative tranquillity, both from internal opposition and foreign war. The center of interest now shifts to the India House and to the British parliament. The long struggle between the Company and the ministers of the crown for the supreme control of Indian affairs and the attendant patronage had reached its climax. The decisive success of Hastings's administration alone postponed the inevitable solution. His original term of five years would have expired in 1778; but it was annually prolonged by special act of parliament until his voluntary resignation. Though Hastings was thus irremovable, his policy did not escape censure. Ministers were naturally anxious to obtain the reversion to his vacant post, and Indian affairs formed at this time the hinge on which party politics turned. On one occasion Dundas carried a motion in the House of Commons, censuring Hastings and demanding his recall. The directors of the Company were disposed to act upon this resolution; but in the court of proprietors, with whom the decision ultimately lay, Hastings always possessed a sufficient majority. Fox's India Bill led to the downfall of the Coalition ministry in 1783. The act which Pitt successfully carried in the following year introduced a new constitution, in which Hastings felt that he had no place. In February 1785 he finally sailed from Calcutta, after a dignified ceremony of resignation, and amid enthusiastic farewells from all classes. On his arrival in England, after a second absence of sixteen years, he was not displeased with the reception he met with at court and in the country. A peerage was openly talked of as his due, while his own ambition pointed to some responsible office at home. Pitt had never taken a side against him, while Lord Chancellor Thurlow was his pronounced friend. But he was now destined to learn that his enemy Francis, whom he had discomfited in the council chamber at Calcutta, was more than his match in the parliamentary arena. Edmund Burke had taken the subject races of India under the protection of his eloquence. Francis, who had been the early friend of Burke, supplied him with the personal animus against Hastings, and with the knowledge of detail, which he might otherwise have lacked. The Whig party on this occasion unanimously followed Burke's lead. Dundas, Pitt's favorite subordinate, had already committed himself by his earlier resolution of censure; and Pitt was induced by motives which are still obscure to incline the ministerial majority to the same side. To meet the oratory of Edmund Burke and Richard Brinsley Sheridan and Charles James Fox, Hastings wrote an elaborate minute with which he wearied the ears of the House for two successive nights, and he subsidized a swarm of pamphleteers. The impeachment was decided upon in 1786, but the actual trial did not commence until 1788. For seven long years Hastings was upon his defense on the charge of "high crimes and misdemeanors." During this anxious period he appears to have borne himself with characteristic dignity, such as is consistent with no other hypothesis than the consciousness of innocence. At last, in 1795, the House of Lords gave a verdict of not guilty on all charges laid against him; and he left the bar at which he had so frequently appeared, with his reputation clear, but ruined in fortune. However large the wealth he brought back from India, all was swallowed up in defraying the expenses of his trial. Continuing the line of conduct which in most other men would be called hypocrisy, he forwarded a petition to Pitt praying that he might be reimbursed his costs from the public funds. This petition, of course, was rejected. At last, when he was reduced to actual destitution, it was arranged that the East India Company should grant him an annuity of £4000 for a term of years, with £90,000 paid down in advance. This annuity expired before his death; and he was compelled to make more than one fresh appeal to the bounty of the Company, which was never withheld. Shortly before his acquittal he had been able to satisfy the dream of his childhood, by buying back the ancestral manor of Daylesford, where the remainder of his life was passed in honorable retirement. In 1813 he was called on to give evidence upon Indian affairs before the two houses of parliament, which received him with exceptional marks of respect. The university of Oxford conferred on him the honorary degree of D.C.L.; and in the following year he was sworn of the privy council, and took a prominent part in the reception given to the Duke of Wellington and the allied sovereigns. He died on the 22nd of August 1818, in his 86th year, and lies buried behind the chancel of the parish church, which he had recently restored at his own charges. In physical appearance, Hastings "looked like a great man, and not like a bad man." The body was wholly subjugated to the mind. A frame naturally slight had been further attenuated by rigorous habits of temperance, and thus rendered proof against the diseases of the tropics. Against his private character not even calumny has breathed a reproach. As brother, as husband and as friend, his affections were as steadfast as they were warm. By the public he was always regarded as reserved, but within his own inner circle he gave and received perfect confidence. In his dealings with money, he was characterized rather by liberality of expenditure than by carefulness of acquisition. A classical education and the instincts of family pride saved him from both the greed and the vulgar display which marked the typical "nabob", the self-made man of those days. He could support the position of a governor-general and of a country gentleman with equal credit. Concerning his second marriage, it suffices to say that the Baroness Imhoff was nearly forty years of age, with a family of grown-up children, when the complaisant law of her native land allowed her to become Mrs. Hastings. She survived her husband, who cherished towards her to the last the sentiments of a lover. Her children he adopted as his own; and it was chiefly for her sake that he desired the peerage which was twice held out to him. Hastings's public career will probably never cease to be a subject of controversy. It was his misfortune to be the scapegoat upon whose head parliament laid the accumulated sins, real and imaginary, of the East India Company. If the acquisition of the Indian empire can be supported on ethical grounds, Hastings needs no defense. No one who reads his private correspondence will admit that even his least defensible acts were dictated by dishonorable motives. It is more pleasing to point out certain of his public measures upon which no difference of opinion can arise. He was the first to attempt to open a trade route with Tibet, and to organize a survey of Bengal and of the eastern seas. It was he who persuaded the pundits of Bengal to disclose the treasures of Sanskrit to European scholars. He founded the Madrasa or college for Mahommedan education at Calcutta, primarily out of his own funds; and he projected the foundation of an Indian institute in England. The Bengal Asiatic Society was established under his auspices, though he yielded the post of president to Sir W. Jones. No Englishman ever understood the native character so well as Hastings; none ever devoted himself more heartily to the promotion of every scheme, great and small, that could advance the prosperity of India. Natives and Anglo-Indians alike venerate his name, the former as their first beneficent administrator, the latter as the most able and the most enlightened of their own class. If Clive's sword conquered the Indian empire, it was the brain of Hastings that planned the system of civil administration, and his genius that saved the empire in its darkest hour. Father: Pynaston Hastings Governor-General of India (1773-85) Corruption impeached 1787, acquitted 1795 Duel with Sir Philip Francis Do you know something we don't? Submit a correction or make a comment about this profile Copyright ©2019 Soylent Communications

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10 threats to migrants and refugees This article presents some of the tools and techniques deployed as part surveillance practices and data-driven immigration policies routinely leading to discriminatory treatment of peoplee and undermining peoples’ dignity, with a particular focus on the UK. - Migrants are bearing the burden of the new systems and losing agency in their migration experience, particularly when their fate is being put in the hands of systems driven by data processing and so called tech innovations. - Large amounts of data are being requested from migrants, from their fingerprints to their digital data trails, while they are often put in a situation of constant surveillance. - Private military and security companies play essential roles in providing a variety of surveillance tech and data exploitation ‘solutions’and services to governments. Over the last two decades we have seen an array of digital technologies being deployed in the context of border controls and immigration enforcement, with surveillance practices and data-driven immigration policies routinely leading to discriminatory treatment of people and undermining peoples’ dignity. And yet this is happening with little public scrutiny, often in a regulatory or legal void and without understanding and consideration to the impact on migrant communities at the border and beyond. These practices mean that migrants are bearing the burden of the new systems and losing agency in their migration experience, particularly when their fate is being put in the hands of systems driven by data processing and so called tech innovations. There is a need to demand a more humane approach to immigration based on the principles of fairness, accessibility, and respect for human rights. In this article we present some of these tools and techniques widely used, looking at the situation worldwide and adding a particular focus on the UK. 1. Data Sharing: turning public officials into border guards Increasingly every interaction migrants have within the immigration enforcement framework requires the processing of their personal data. The use of this data and new technologies are today driving a revolution in immigration enforcement which risks undermining people’s rights and requires urgent attention. Large amounts of data are being requested from migrants, from their fingerprints to their digital data trails, while they are often put in a situation of constant surveillance. Life-changing decisions are being made on the basis of the data being collected but also inferred and observed, and yet there are limited safeguards in place to regulate and oversee the use of tech and data processing in immigration processes. Launching the Care Don’t Share report, Liberty wrote: In the UK, as part of its discredited ‘hostile environment’ policy, the Government has set up a series of shadowy deals letting Home Office immigration enforcement teams access data – like personal addresses – collected by schools, hospitals, job centres, and the police and use it to track down children and adults for deportation. People should be able to access essential public services – like sending their children to school, seeking medical care and reporting crime – without fear of immigration enforcement. In view of existing and expanding data processing policies and practices for immigration purposes, there is an urgent need to regulate and monitor entities who undertake or are involved in the processing of migrants’ data to ensure they comply with internationally recognised data protection principles and standards, as well as human rights. Immigration enforcement and border management authorities cannot be exempt from having to protect migrants and their data. This is why in 2019 Privacy International, and several migrant and digital rights organisations, joined a formal complaint filed by the Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM) against the United Kingdom for failing to respect, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), by including an “immigration control” exemption in the Data Protection Act adopted in 2018. 2. Mobile Phone Extraction: your phone is fair game Governments are increasingly using migrants’ electronic devices as verification tools often to corroborate the information they provide to the authorities. This practice is enabled by the use of mobile extraction tools, which allow an individual to download key data from a smartphone, including contacts, call data, text messages, stored files, location information, and more. These practices constitute a serious interference with the right to privacy and are neither necessary nor proportionate. Also, the assumption that data obtained from digital devices leads to reliable evidence is flawed. If a person claims certain information is true, and there exists information on their smartphone suggesting otherwise, it is not evidence that they are being disingenuous. They are a variety of legitimate reasons why the data extracted would differ from the information provided by an applicant. Germany, Denmark, Austria Norway, the United Kingdom and Belgium are among the countries where we have seen laws allowing for the seizure of mobile phones from asylum or migration applicants from which data is then extracted and used as part of asylum procedures. These technologies are also used by local police: in March 2018, we uncovered that 26 out of 47 UK police forces used mobile phone extraction – and three were about to trial it for the first time. 3. Social Media Intelligence: what does a Facebook like say about you? Over the last decade, we have seen governments across sectors including for immigration enforcement purposes resorting to social media intelligence (SOCMINT), the techniques and technologies that allow companies or governments to monitor social media networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook or Twitter. Some of these activities are undertaken directly by government themselves but in some instances, governments are calling on companies to provide them with the tools and/or knowhow to undertake this sort of activities. In September 2010, Frontex, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, published a call for tender to pay €400,000 to a surveillance company to "track people on social media.” After we asked whether Frontex had gone through the necessary checks to make sure their plan was legal, they decided to cancel the tender process. Our recent report “Is your local authority looking at your Facebook likes?” looks at how councils and local authorities in Great Britain are increasingly using this technique as part of their intelligence gathering and investigation tactics in areas such as council tax payments, children’s services, benefits and monitoring of protests and demonstrations. Could you be a target? 4. Predictive Policing: a feedback loop that reinforces racial bias Predictive policing programs are used by the police to estimate when and where crimes are likely to be committed – or who is likely to commit them. These programs work by feeding historic policing data through computer algorithms. For example, a program might evaluate data about past crimes to predict where future crimes will happen – identifying “hot spots” or “boxes” on a map. But the data these programs use is incomplete and biased, leading to a “feedback loop” – sending officers to communities that are already unfairly over-policed. Other predictive policing programs may suggest how people will behave. These programs are fed information about a person, and then they decide whether that person is likely to commit an offence. While we might be tempted to assume that computer programs and algorithms are neutral, this is not the case. The data that is fed into these systems is incomplete or based on human biases, leading to decisions that perpetuate pre-existing social inequalities. For example, mapping programs often send officers back to monitor the same over-policed communities again and again. As shown by several studies, data-driven policing can lead to racial profiling and reinforce racial bias in the criminal justice system. In the UK, the use of predictive policing programs is not covered by any law or regulation. This makes it incredibly difficult to understand how these programs are used, how they come to decisions about us or our communities, and how we can challenge those decisions. And yet, Police forces across the UK use or have used predictive policing programs: - Kent police hit headlines with its use of PredPol, a program developed in the United States, which directs officers where to patrol based on predictive mapping software. - Durham Constabulary is renowned for its Harm Assessment Risk Tool (HART), which assesses whether someone is likely to reoffend using crude profiling from data about a person’s family, housing and financial status. - Avon and Somerset Police has reportedly used analytics platform - West Midlands Police has trialled predictive policing tools Much like for social media monitoring, knowing that our data is being collected and used to make decisions about us may ultimately lead to us censoring our own behaviour. For example, if our local community is a “hot spot” for policing activity, we may change where we go and what we do in our local area and even who we spend time with. 5. Lie Detectors: security on scientifically dubious grounds There are few places in the world where an individual is as vulnerable as at the border of a foreign country. The use of extraction tools is part of a broader trend of aiming surveillance and other security technology at asylum seekers and migrants, often on scientifically dubious grounds. In Europe, this includes the use of technology which supposedly identifies if a person is lying based on their ‘micro-gestures’, a person’s origin based on their voice, and their age based on their bones. The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme has been funding a project called iBorderCtrl, defined as “an innovative project that aims to enable faster and thorough border control for third country nationals crossing the land borders of EU Member States”. In addition to other features, the system undertakes automated deception detection. This is highly experimental technology whose results cannot be trusted, as reported by media investigations, and yet they are used to make life-changing decisions. 6. Border Externalisation: outsourcing border controls and surveillance “Border Externalisation”, the transfer of border controls to foreign countries, has in the last few years become the main instrument through which the United States and the European Union (EU) seek to stop migratory flows. It relies on utilising modern technology, training, and equipping authorities in third countries to export the border far beyond its shores. Countries with the largest defence and security sectors are transferring technology and practices to governments and agencies around the world, including to some of the most authoritarian countries in the world. China, European countries, Israel, the US, and Russia, are all major providers of such surveillance worldwide, as are multilateral organisations such as the European Union. The surveillance industry is playing an essential role in the process. Their involvement is enabled by the adoption of ad hoc funds, like the controversial “EU-Turkey deal”, an agreement which saw €6 billion given to Turkey in exchange for its commitment to seal its border with Greece and Syria, and the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF). This facilitates serious violations of human rights, reinforces authoritarianism, undermines governance, and drives corruption. It also diverts money and other resources away from development and other aid, instead giving billions of dollars to security agencies and surveillance companies. 7. Biometrics Processing: a feast of databases As with many other sectors, we have seen the deployment of biometric systems in immigration and border management mechanisms. Biometric technology is provided by companies to serve a variety of purposes including in screening and/or determination of asylum as part of age and origin verification, as well registration, authentication and verification of identity. Inconsistencies and errors in databases also result in large numbers of wrong identity identification. Failure rates in identification affects disproportionately people from some races, class and age groups. In 2003, the Identification of applicants (EURODAC) was adopted and set-up an EU asylum central fingerprint database. It is to this central database that the fingerprints of any person seeking asylum over the age of 14 anywhere in the European are transmitted. It is used for fingerprint comparison evidence to assist with determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application made in the EU to ensure compliance with the Regulation (EU) No. 604/2013 (‘the Dublin Regulation’) which requires those seeking asylum to submit their claim in the first country of the EU they enter. Legislative negotiations are ongoing to expand this database, with the aim of gathering more personal data from more people and lowering the age of data collection from fourteen to six years of age. As of August 2018, according to the United States Department of State International Narcotics Control Strategy Report for the year 2019, the biometric data sharing program between the governments of Mexico and the United States was active in all 52 migration processing stations in Mexico. The program uses biometric information to screen detained migrants in Mexico that have allegedly tried to previously cross the U.S. border or are “members of a criminal gang” . There is also a lack of transparency in this process: for example, despite contradicting evidence, Mexico’s National Institute of Migration has denied processing biometric data in answers to freedom of access to information requests submitted by our Mexican partner R3D. In the UK, not even a pandemic deters the government: asylum-seekers are still required by the Home Office to physically register their application for asylum at selected venues. This requirement persists even in the face of legislation allowing for the suspension of biometrics collection in the event of a public health emergency. - Read the report “Data Protection, Immigration Enforcement and Fundamental Rights: What the EU’s Regulations on Interoperability Mean for People with Irregular Status” by our partner Statewatch and PICUM 8. Facial Recognition: making surveillance frictionless Facial recognition typically refers to systems which collect and process data about a person’s face. Such systems are highly intrusive because they rely on the capture, extraction, storage or sharing of people’s biometric facial data. In the context of policing, facial recognition can capture individuals’ facial images and process them in real time (“live FRT”) or at a later point (“Static” or “Retrospective FRT”). The collection of facial images results in the creation of “digital signatures of identified faces”, which are analysed against one or more databases (“Watchlists”), usually containing facial images obtained from other sources to determine if there is a match. This image processing can be done with the purpose of either identifying someone at that moment, training the facial recognition system to get better at identifying, or feeding their face to the system for further uses. The use of this technology by both police and/or private actors has a seismic impact on the way our society is policed or broadly monitored, in particular on communities of colour. There are a lot more misidentification errors when it comes to minority groups which will then be more likely to be overpoliced by being wrongly stopped and questioned. For example, past facial recognition trials in London resulted in an error rate greater than 95 per cent, leading even to a 14-year-old black schoolboy being “fingerprinted after being misidentified”. The rollout of such intrusive technology not only poses significant privacy and data protection questions, but also ethical questions around whether modern democracies should ever permit its use and to what extent. Following extensive civil society campaigns, some cities are banning facial recognition and companies like Amazon, IBM and Microsoft have announced temporary moratoriums in their use of facial recognition - but these announcements seem more PR stunts made under pressure rather than a true commitment. 9. Artificial Intelligence: your fate in the hands of the system The term ‘AI’ is used to refer to a diverse range of applications and techniques, at different levels of complexity, autonomy and abstraction. This broad usage encompasses machine learning (which makes inferences, predictions and decisions about individuals), domain-specific AI algorithms, fully autonomous and connected objects and even the futuristic idea of an AI ‘singularity’. This lack of definitional clarity is a challenge: different types of AI systems and applications raise specific ethical and regulatory issues. Different applications and uses of AI can affect the right to privacy and other fundamental rights and freedoms in different ways. AI methods are being used to identify people who wish to remain anonymous; to infer and generate sensitive information about people from their non-sensitive data; to profile people based upon population-scale data; and to make consequential decisions using this data, some of which profoundly affect people’s lives. And these are just some examples. New technologies have been deployed in immigration enforcement including AI and automated decision making in a variety of ways. These have included lie detectors at the border (see number 5), automated decision making about visitor visa applications, for the identification refugees or as part of digital border monitoring systems. These practices mean that for many migrants their fate is being put in the hands of an automated system. 10. Private Companies: when the border is a good business The use of powerful and intrusive technology that enables authorities to gather intimate details about people’s lives carries significant dangers. In this context, private military and security companies have come to play essential roles in providing a variety of surveillance tech and data exploitation ‘solutions’ and services to governments. The interjection of for-profit actors such as surveillance companies offering what they present as easy technological solutions into immigration enforcement mechanisms is inherently dangerous. Cellebrite is a surveillance firm marketing itself as the “global leader in digital intelligence”. In 2019, the company was promoting its digital extraction devices to a new target: authorities interrogating people seeking asylum. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the agency at the centre of the deployment of President Trump’s “zero tolerance” approach to immigration enforcement and family separation, has for years been contracting a US surveillance company to intercept peoples’ communications across the United States. Millions of people being forced to migrate because of war, persecution, and climate change is a call for urgent political and social action, not a business opportunity. These companies are installing and often operating immigration and border surveillance systems with no consideration of the protections of the rights of migrants. But technology at the border seems to be a good business for them. - Read our submission to the ‘UN Working Group on the use of mercenaries’ on the role of private companies in immigration and border management and the impact on the rights of migrants To respond to migration flows, governments worldwide have prioritised an approach that criminalises the act of migration and focuses on security. Borders are not only those we can see: we are witnessing an increasing externalisation of migration controls with the transfer of border management to third countries and digital borders, like digital portals and databases. Technological developments, such as the ones mentioned above, turn immigration enforcement borders invisible. This list is not exhaustive - and it will soon become obsolete. We will keep fighting for governments and public authorities to stop using invasive techniques for immigration control and for companies to stop supplying invasive techniques that curtail the rights of migrants.

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The docpdfs include introduction to mindfulness, mindfulness of the breath, step out of automatic pilot, body scan, and a minimindfulness exercise. Knowing where to put the stress on a word in spanish is the difference between pronouncing a word like computadora with great spanish pronunciation kohmpootahdohrah, instead of englishy pronunciation kohmpootahdohrah there are four main categories of words youll come across when talking about spanish word stress. A printable stress management techniques worksheet can help people keep track of which techniques they have tried. It is a model used to explain the process of how cbt works and how it is helpful to utilize while in counseling. See more ideas about trauma, stress and family therapy. When practiced regularly, the positive effects of pmr can become generalized. Adios al estres the little book of stress relief aprender a vivir learning. Mind remake project a therapists perspective on mental. Colouring pages to promote calmness from greatwest life centre for mental health in the workplace. Identify effects of stress on everyday issues and strategies to reduce or control stress. Worksheets for anxiety management a small collection of worksheets and handouts. Psychoeducational handouts, quizzes and group activities the following handouts and worksheets are from my tips and tools for the therapeutic toolbox series by mental heath publisher, pesi. The assessments, journaling activities, and educational handouts in the building resiliency workbook are reproducible and ready to be photocopied for participants use. Our site offers worksheets, handouts, workbooks, and classroom guidance presentations. On a scale of 010, where 0 means not bothersome, 5 means somewhat bothersome, and 10 means very bothersome, my goal is to have my average stress level be below for days a week. Find out how much you understand about stress management by taking advantage of this quiz worksheet combo. Calworks life skills support groups combine the objectives of removing mental health barriers to employment with exercises that promote practical outcomes. Free stress management worksheets, tools, and resources for therapists. Welcome to our collection of free spanish worksheets. If you have no written accent, you have two possibilities. The resources for professionals go beyond theory and offer practical, handson activities to use with clients and participants. Locate the last word of the first paragraph in that chapter. Free therapeutic worksheets for counselors working with kids and teens. Creating your personal stress management plan a 10page packet. Parts and benefits of stress management will be covered in the quiz. Mylemarks provides interactive socialemotional tools to enhance your sessions and keep your clients engaged in the therapy process. Our resources cover topics such as anger management, anxiety, bullying, social skills, hygiene, and much more. Racing heartbeat heart palpitations sweating gastrointestinal problems stomachache headache shortness of breath fatigue urinating more dry mouth cold hands, feet, andor skin tense muscles lowered or heightened sex drive. As an alternative, the kindle ebook is available now and can be read on any device with. Stress means different things to different people, and what causes stress for one person may not cause it for another. Time management worksheets workthrough books licenses. We hope to be able to produce all the worksheets in the form of a book. You may be able to push back some tasks until youre feeling less stressed. Anger management spanish worksheets teacher worksheets. Being alone doesnt mean youre doomed to feel lonely. Tom, a student in a college english class, used the following approach. Find out how to reduce your stress level and bring balance back to your life. Please place a check mark next to any statement that is true for you. The cognitivebehavioral model is used in cognitivebehavioral therapy cbt. If not managed properly, stress can lead to illness, increased blood glucose levels. A small amount of stress can be motivating, but too much stress makes even small tasks seem daunting. There are a number of free and low cost, self help worksheets available. Bilingual stress management group counseling guide with spanish english activities. Home page, whole person associates, bookstore, health and. They may act out, shut down, or lash out at others. If you are concerned about thoughts of suicide or if you feel you are in immediate need of help, call 911 or the suicide prevention hotline at 1800273talk. Its best to use the worksheets in order, starting with the identifying stress and then the identifying stressors and stress management techniques. Conflict, loss, and overcommitment are common causes of stress. The coping strategies presented in this worksheet include the use of social support, emotional management, life balance, and meeting ones basic needs. Bilingual stress management group counseling guide. These stress management worksheets will help you identify your causes of stress. Solving problemsolving worksheet final thoughts further reading. Thanks to bright colors and captivating imagery in our spanish worksheets, students will embrace learning how to count, read and write in spanish. At the end of the day we suggest you follow up with one of the regular worksheets to go more into depth of what needs to be examined. Included are lists of words, quizzes, instructional handouts for classroom use, and spanish grammar exercises. Stress can be positive and give you energy or it can be unhealthy and cause health. Are there other stress signals that are not listed here. One of the best ways for teens, kids, and adults alike to work through anxiety is to use a workbook. It includes an explanation on what a syllable ends, where certain syllables are stressed depending on what letter the word ends in, how accent marks work and the difference between strong and weak vowels. Coping with stress spanish health information translations. Pronunciation worksheet recognizing word stress patterns at lowerintermediate level. Mylemarks provides therapeutic tools for use with kids and teens. Traumatic stress, which happens when you are in danger of being seriously. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sometimes stress is the accumulation of many small hassles, while other times it is the result of major life changes or longterm problems. Assessments contained in this book focus on selfreported data and are similar to those used by psychologists, counselors, therapists and marriage and family therapists. Physical activity is one of the most effective stress management techniques. Children often do not understand how to handle their anger in a healthy way. Frustration you may get angry if you fail to reach a goal or feel as if things are out of your control. See more ideas about anxiety in children, school social work and coping skills. Tips for survivors of a disaster or other traumatic event. Psychoeducational handouts, quizzes and group activities. While moderate physical activity is good for stress management, overly vigorous activity can actually contribute to stress levels. Topics focus on anger, anxiety, bullying, social skills, grief, feelings, and much more. Please specify which you would prefer when purchasing. To access the worksheets and mp3s that work together with the book, do the following. Panic attack worksheets inner health studio a 9page pdf packet. Anger can be a complicated emotion for children, so ensuring that they understand how to cope with the feeling is important. Routine stress related to the pressures of work, family, and other daily responsibilities. Meditate to destress worksheet ginamarie guarino, lmhc it can be easy to get wrapped up in the moment of a stressful situation and instantly feel overwhelmed and without direction or. One such technique involves the use of coping skills worksheets. Also, subscribe to receive debbies monthly newsletter, filled with ideas for teaching and learning spanish, answers to readers questions, plus exclusive discounts and occasional freebies. Identify the reason for the stressor to successfully address this situationevent i need. Stress management inner health studio a 5page packet on. A sessionby session guide susan gingerich kim mueser harry cunningham august 2006 version 499 imr group manual. Money back guarantee if you arent satisfied with the coping skills for kids book, well give you a full refund no questions asked. Stress is a feeling of being tense, overwhelmed, worn out, or exhausted. There are plenty of stress management techniques that help you relieve stress and overcome it. Tim hayes reality stress management forgiveness verbal short form. Jan 22, 2020 katherine lee is a parenting writer and a former editor at parenting and working mother magazines. Strategies include deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, imagery, and challenging irrational thoughts. Anxiety and stress worksheets behavior worksheets bullying worksheets classpaks. This means that the reduced levels of stress and anxiety will last well beyond the practice period. Alphabet of stress management and coping skills a ask for help aromatherapy art attend an event of interest athletics ask to talk to a friend allow time to think apologize add numbers aerobics act out favorite actoractress artistically express feelings act out feelings address the real issue b bounce a stress ball breathe slowly baking basketball. Here you can find dozens of free therapy worksheets and resources created exclusively for kids and teens. Once you find your worksheet, just click on the open in new window arrow mark on the top right corner of the that worksheet to print or download. Workbooks contain useful information, helpful examples, specific exercises, worksheets, and tips to help you work through bouts of anxiety. It is not expected that the group leaders will read the practitioner guidelines. These solo activities can actually play a role in managing depression. Negative, bad stress that can be harmful to the body. Coping skills are simple techniques that a person uses to deal with stressful situations. They can reduce anxiety, improve attention and memory, and help manage chronic pain. Through relaxation exercises and knowledge building. Counseling worksheets therapy worksheets counseling activities therapy activities cbt worksheets number worksheets alphabet worksheets coping skills list life skills. As much as stress is a part of grownups lives today, it is, alas, also increasingly a part of kids lives as well, which means stress management for children is an important topic for parents to understand. Balance interesting tasks with more mundane ones, and stressful. Progressive muscle relaxation pmr is a powerful technique with longterm benefits for stress and anxiety. Learn about stress and stress management techniques in these books. Worksheets include education packets, relaxation skills, and more. Help your child deal with the symptoms of stress with our many activities for you to. Stressing the right syllable in spanish words dummies. Identify the reason for the stressor to successfully address this situationevent. I was so delighted when i saw the course outline on a stress management instructor course by dr. Here is a video i made for pesi to introduce my books and offer some practical tips. This is the best book that i have seen to really learn your limits and then do something about it. You may find the my health choices worksheet in appendix a helpful. Ways to relieve stress displaying top 8 worksheets found for this concept some of the worksheets for this concept are manage stress workbook department of veterans affairs, k to grade 2 health problems series stress, just for teens a personal plan for managing stress, stress work, some simple ways to relieve some stress, stress activities table of contents, your. Enter that word in the box below all lower case with no period. Participants will learn new skills and the importance of preventing, managing and coping with stress and its symptoms. Bilingual stress management group counseling guide with spanish english activities english and spanish edition stephanie m lerner ms on. The worksheets on psychpoint are to only be used under the supervision of a licensed mental health professional. Relaxation a 15page packet on relaxation skills for anxiety. In spanish, the right stress at the right time is a good thing, and fortunately, stress in spanish is easy to control. Participants will learn new skills and the importance of. The purpose of the stress management essentials workbook is to assist you in bringing more energy and tranquility to your practice so that you and your clients can live peaceful lives. Managing stress handout 2 pdf stress management activities and tips. Topics include anger management, anxiety, social skills, bullying, behavior modification and much mo. Mylemarks therapy resources for kids and teens home. Adios al estres the little book of stress relief aprender a vivir. Each worksheet contains both the english and spanish version. Displaying all worksheets related to anger management spanish. These can be downloaded for free or purchased as pdf documents or a hard copy can be sent to you through the post. The worksheets and quizzes are separated into sections so that you can easily find the subjects or vocabulary themes that you want to see. If you want to share these worksheets online, you are welcome post a link to this page. Be physically active physical activity is one of the most effective stress management techniques. Stress management worksheets can help you to explore the causes of stress in your life. This reference sheet completely explains how word stress works in the spanish language. Managing stress handout 1 pdf warning signs of stress. Anxiety worksheet describes four strategies for reducing anxiety. These coping strategies can help your clients deal with anxiety when it arises, as well as contributing to longterm anxiety relief. Causes of stress stress is the bodys response to stressful situations. Showing top 8 worksheets in the category anger management spanish. Manage stress workbook department of veterans affairs. In these stress management books you will find explanations for why you might feel stressed and multiple practical tips. The teen stress workbook contains five separate sections to help teens learn more about themselves and the skills they possess and learn to manage the stress that occurs in their lives. Often clients struggle to understand the meaning behind concepts in cbt, so it is helpful to. The introduction to stress management worksheet was designed to help your clients learn about their own stressors, symptoms, and strategies to overcome stress. Physical activity increases endorphins, improves sleep, raises selfesteem, and releases muscle tension. Aprenda a decir no cuando esta haciendo demasiadas cosas. When a person avoids a feared situationwhether through physical avoidance, the use of drugs and alcohol, or otherwisethe uncomfortable symptoms of anxiety quickly fade away. Magdas reality stress management forgiveness fast form. Using this book for the professional, continued the teen stress workbook contains five separate sections to help teens learn more about themselves and the skills they possess and learn to manage the stress that occurs in their lives. This handout completely explains how word stress works in the spanish language. Participants will learn coping strategies to deal with their emotional concerns, and gain knowledge about the culture of the work environment. Identify the stressor the eventsituation causing my stress is. Mylemarks is your destination for therapeutic worksheets and resources for kids and teens. Introduction to stress management worksheet therapist aid. There is something for everyonewith numerous ideas, worksheets. Stress management mental health and wellbeing for children twinkl. Stress stress related to work, family, health and money problems may make you feel anxious and irritable. Over 75 coping strategies to help kids deal with stress. Displaying all worksheets related to anger management in spanish. Stress brought about by a sudden negative change, such as losing a job, divorce, or illness. Taking a closer look at stress centers for disease. Andrackis new work it out worksheet variation pdf format. These techniques center on being fully aware in the present moment without judgment. Fear anger is a natural response to threats of violence, or to physical or verbal abuse. No matter how stressful your life may seem, you can take control of it. The word is stressed on the nexttolast syllable if the word ends in a vowel, an n, or an s. Reading that chapter is strongly recommended as a preparation to doing imr in either an individual or a group format. Spanish word stress worksheet syllables, accents word. Enjoy these free spanish worksheets for elementary or middle school students. Anxiety worksheets and exercises for treating generalized anxiety disorder, panic, phobia, social, and health anxiety. With the stress management workbook youll get the relief you need in a. Browse our categories to find the worksheet you are looking for or use search option on the top to search for any worksheet you need. Stress is an emotional and physical reaction to change. Cbt toolbox for children and adolescents was designed with therapists in mind to provide brief, targeted solutions to a myriad of mental health issues that are frequently present in children. Taking a closer look at stress centers for disease control. Anger management spanish worksheets lesson worksheets. This guide will include 8 sessions of activities and info to help your studentsclients manage their stress. Stress management books techniques to reduce stress. Spanish foreign language worksheets and printables learning a new language can be both exciting and intimidating for young kids. Easytouse worksheets, forms, and numerous examples show you step by. Five mindfulness worksheets from, here is a series of mindfulness worksheets imported from the sidebar. Stress is the bodys response to stressful situations. Guided imagery books whole person offers a wide variety of guided.392 1016 839 538 581 1600 783 1534 737 268 1587 1422 41 393 1469 60 879 679 1628 409 77 1401 975 1299 1402 344 546 1444 595 1263 430 214 54 468 393 1601 646 1007 1401 869 98 1460 551 279

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Certain theological questions transcend time, maintaining their relevance across cultures and eras. Among those is the question of adequacy: Why does God choose me? As Christians, we often do not feel worthy of God’s call – the reality of our human failings seem like they should disqualify us from serving as inheritors of God’s promise. We think that God should choose the faithfulness of saints over the foolishness of sinners like ourselves. God certainly has worked through people of incredible faith and piety, but if we read the Bible carefully, we notice that God has also chosen some who do not fit the twenty-first century American mold of a “good Christian.” Indeed, God often chose those who wrestled against God and humanity to be the bearers of promise. As one example, let us examine the birth story of the twelve tribes of Israel. Genesis 29:31-30:24 records Jacob’s wives, Leah and Rachel, fighting to bear him children in order to gain favor in the eyes of God, Jacob, and society. Within this text, we will specifically focus on the verses addressing Rachel’s confrontations with Jacob and with God in 30:1-8, although we will consider the entire section as a contextual whole. We’ll begin by briefly examining the questions of Genesis as a book (what is its place in the Bible? who was its author and when was it penned? why was it written?) and as a piece of literature (how does the book flow? what themes press through the text?) before doing an analysis of our particular segment of Genesis and finally returning to our opening questions about the types of people God chooses. What is Genesis? Genesis is the opening book of the Bible and is situated as the first of a group of five books called the Pentateuch, which serves as a foundation the rest of Scripture. Scholars generally agree that the Pentateuch came together as an editorial combination of stories that had been passed along orally for generations. It was compiled after the Israelites had been scattered from their homeland and oppressed under the Babylonian exile. The Pentateuch was likely formed in an effort to maintain the unique cultural history of the Hebrew people while they were forced to live as a lower class among other cultures. Had God really chosen them, set them apart as God’s people? God had promised them a land that would be theirs forever, but in the tides of war it seemed like God had broken that covenant. The Hebrews were experiencing a devastating identity crisis on a national level. Peter Enns notes, The central question the exilic and postexilic Jews asked themselves was, ‘Are we still the people of God? After all that has happened, are we still connected to the Israelites of old, with whom God spoke and showed his faithfulness?’ Their answer to these questions was to tell their story from the beginning and from their postexilic point of view – which meant editing older works and creating some new ones. The creation of the Hebrew Bible, in other words, is Israel’s self-definition as a nation and the people of God in response to the Babylonian exile.1 The compilation of their oral traditions into a written testament that could be read and shared was a crucial part of shoring up their identity as the people of God in the midst of their collective self-doubt. By reminding Israel that God had chosen them and by breathing new life into their heritage, the Pentateuch united them and gave them hope for their future. What Does Genesis Say? The book of Genesis tells the origins of the Hebrews as people of God’s promise. Walter Brueggemann divides Genesis into four subsections2: - “The Sovereign Call of God” tells the stories of creation and early humanity’s struggle to live into the call to be what God created us to be. - “The Embraced Call of God” details the life of Abraham and his consistent trust in the direction of God. - “The Conflicted Call of God” captures Jacob’s wrestling with God throughout his life as he becomes the father of the twelve tribes of Israel. - “The Hidden Call of God” describes the work of God in Joseph’s life as he rises to power in Egypt to protect the family of God from famine. It is helpful to note, as Gordon J. Wenham points out, that the book can more generally be divided into two overarching sections: the opening chapters that deal with creation and the world as a whole, and the rest of the book that establishes the story and lineage of the Hebrews specifically. “The sheer volume of material, more than 80 per cent of Genesis, devoted to this family shows where the interest really lies,” explains Wenham. “Here are explained the origins of the nation of Israel, and more particularly of the 12 tribes that made up the nation.”3 Our segment of the text is taken from Jacob’s story, which is a humorous one. For example, Jacob woos his future wife Rachel by singlehandedly moving a mammoth stone from the mouth of a well as a demonstration of his masculinity. Brueggemann notes that “[the story] permits the Israelites not only to laugh with the success of their hero, but to laugh at Laban. And through Laban, they laugh at their perennial antagonists, the Arameans.”4 In the midst of oppression, these stories not only bound the Israelites together as a community, but they also taught them valuable lessons about themselves that, through reading and laughter, became embedded functions of their group dynamic. Comedy often conveys truth in a way that bypasses the critical view we bring to a journalistic accounting of history – as we laugh, we internalize the narrative without questioning it.5 By telling these stories with humor, the editors of Genesis implanted their messages deep within the culture of the exiled Hebrews. There is more than comedy underlying the text, though. The description of Jacob’s story as “The Conflicted Call of God” reminds us that Jacob’s life was dominated by fighting and manipulation. Even in his mother’s womb, Jacob fought with his twin brother so intensely that Rebekah questioned whether she wanted to live (Genesis 25:22). The name she gave him meant “He takes by the heel,”6 which proved to be a fitting descriptor of Jacob throughout his life. Jacob manipulated his older brother Esau and tricked his father Isaac to make himself the blessed son of God’s inheritance, but was forced to flee from home to escape their anger. While camping in the wilderness at in a place he would call Bethel, Jacob had a vision in which God recognized his status as the blessed son of Isaac and grandson of Abraham, and promised Jacob that his descendants would be numerous and scattered across the earth like dust in the wind. Even after this spiritual encounter with God, Jacob did not change. He lived with his uncle, Laban, and the two of them participated a years-long game of wits regarding their livelihoods, social status, and even Leah and Rachel (Laban’s daughters, who became Jacob’s wives), until Jacob’s relationship with Laban became so strained that Jacob once again had to flee. The climactic moment in Jacob’s story may be when he and his family were returning to the place he was born. Anticipating a confrontation with his brother, Jacob wrestled with a mysterious man that the text seems to suggest was an incarnation of God. This man gave Jacob a new name, Israel, saying “…you have striven with God and with humans, and have prevailed” (Genesis 32:28, NRSV). This new name confirmed Jacob’s character as a man of conflict, even elevating it to specify his penchant for conflict with the divine. For the final third of his life, though, Jacob tried to live more-or-less at peace with his family and neighbors. Through most of Jacob’s life, we see only a little evidence of faithfulness to God. Indeed, until he wrestled with the mysterious man, he seemed to be mostly indifferent to the God of his fathers, looking out instead for his own self-interest. Even the few moments when he did declare his faith in God, such as after the vision of God at Bethel, his allegiance was self-centered, binding his faithfulness to God’s continued blessing over his life. Form and Flow As we read Genesis, we understand it as a nationalistic narrative that uses mythic stories to convey a deep truth of cultural identity. It does not provide an accounting of dates and times for sentimentality or posterity; rather, it is a retelling of their cultural ethos, a capturing of their spirit and community, and a reminder that they are and have been the people of God’s promise. As we have seen, Jacob’s story follows three movements: - Early life and conflict with his parents and twin brother (Genesis 25:19-27:40) - Maturing and starting his own family in Haran (Genesis 27:41-30:43) - Growing in wisdom and reconciliation with his brother (Genesis 31-35) It is significant that the segment we are examining falls almost directly in the center of this story. Genesis 29:31-30:24 is the central focus of the narrative, as is demonstrated by the way its opening and closing movements draw attention inward to our segment. Though our selection is not the climactic moment in the story, its centrality is affirmed by its content, to which we now turn our attention. When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, she envied her sister; and she said to Jacob, “Give me children, or I shall die!” Jacob became very angry with Rachel and said, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?” Then she said, “Here is my maid Bilhah; go in to her, that she may bear upon my knees and that I too may have children through her.” So she gave him her maid Bilhah as a wife; and Jacob went in to her. And Bilhah conceived and bore Jacob a son. Then Rachel said, “God has judged me, and has also heard my voice and given me a son”; therefore she named him Dan. Rachel’s maid Bilhah conceived again and bore Jacob a second son. Then Rachel said, “With mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed”; so she named him Naphtali. (Genesis 30:1-8, NRSV) Wrestling, But With Whom? Our text segment immediately follows Jacob’s marriages to Leah and Rachel. The surface of the narrative is the birth of Israel’s twelve tribal namesakes, and these children are born in quick succession. Within the span of twenty-eight verses, Leah, Rachel, and their maids give birth to eleven of the twelve sons of Jacob (in addition to one daughter). These children were not born without conflict, though. From the beginning of our segment, Rachel, the younger sister and the one loved by Jacob, was unable to bear children. Leah, on the other hand, who was older and only married to Jacob because of the trickery of her father, gained the favor of God and quickly bore four sons. In Genesis 30:1, we see that Rachel “envied her sister.” This establishes the narrative as a sibling rivalry, akin in some aspects to the rivalry Jacob experienced with his own older sibling, Esau. There was clearly some tension between the two sisters, as is demonstrated later in the chapter by Rachel’s bargaining of a sexual encounter with Jacob for a collection of mandrakes which, according to folklore at the time, were an aphrodisiac to heighten sexuality.7 This story also parallels one from Jacob’s childhood: he sold soup to Esau in exchange for the family birthright. This tension between the sisters, though, seemed to grow into a mutual understanding of sorts. Dennis Olson points out that “the narrative introduces a scene of negotiation, compromise, and fragile resolution.”8 The true heart of the struggle seemed to be between each sister and God, rather than between the sisters themselves. The first verse continues, “and [Rachel] said to Jacob, ‘Give me children, or I shall die!’” At first, this seems like an overly dramatic response to her infertility, but within the cultural context of this time, a woman’s life was directly connected with her ability to have children. The role of women at this time was to bear workers and warriors for their families, so a woman’s status in both familial circles and larger society were dependent upon the number of children – sons, in particular – she was able to produce. To be unable to bear sons was a source of shame for Rachel, so in a sociological sense, her life was forfeit because of her barrenness. Her frustration would have gone deeper than sociology, though. If a woman’s husband were to die, her sons would be the ones to take care of her. Women had no social status on their own, so they were unable to work in honest trades to provide for themselves or their families. If Rachel had no sons when Jacob died, she would have no one to care for her and she would literally die, or else be reduced to a life of prostitution or begging. In addition, she surely knew about God’s promise to Jacob about the proliferation of his descendants so, when she saw Leah’s active womb, Rachel likely saw herself being erased from the lineage of this great nation that was to arise. Her demand that Jacob impregnate her was not a threat; rather, she was speaking into the reality of her place in society and the dependence of her existence upon her ability to bear him sons. She was not being melodramatic; she was speaking from a rational, present fear. Jacob responded by becoming angry with her, saying in verse 2, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?” Throughout his life, Jacob rarely expressed anger. Although Jacob was often embroiled in conflict and manipulation, Shaul Bar observed that this outburst was an exception to Jacob’s normally cool demeanor and that, surprisingly, this anger was in response to the wife he most loved.9 Because of this deep connection he felt with Rachel, perhaps Jacob had given her access to depths of his emotion that he kept distanced from others in his life. Regardless of the source of his anger, Jacob told Rachel that he couldn’t control her fertility – she needed to take her concern to God, who had closed her womb. Rather than simply waiting for God to dictate her future, Rachel made use of a tactic that Jacob’s grandmother, Sarah, had used in her own battle with infertility, even though it had not worked out well for Sarah. Rachel ordered her maid, Bilhah, to sleep with Jacob and bear children on behalf of Rachel. This practice was not uncommon at that time – it was essentially a system of surrogacy where a woman’s maid or servant would bear the child into the arms of the woman, who would be considered the mother of the child. The tactic was successful in this case, and Bilhah bore two sons to Jacob in verses 5-7. Rachel named the first child Dan, which the text describes as meaning “God has judged me, and has also heard my voice and given me a son” (verse 6). The word “judged” communicates the idea that Rachel had indeed pleaded her case before God, who had weighed her argument and determined that she was, in fact, worthy of a child. Within the framework of understanding God as opening and closing wombs to grant women children, this would be seen as a reversal of God’s prior decision to bar her from motherhood. By naming the boy Dan, Rachel declared her conviction that she, with justice on her side, had changed God’s mind. Rachel named the second son Naphtali, a name which carries some controversy in the determination of its meaning. The root word itself comes from the Hebrew word niphtal, which means something along the lines of “my struggle, my strife”10 in Hebrew and seems to indicate a wrestling with God. The text itself, though, says in verse 8 that Rachel chose the name because “With mighty wrestlings I have wrestled with my sister, and have prevailed.” There is ambiguity regarding why the editor of Genesis would have added to the actual meaning of Naphtali’s name to indicate that Rachel wrestled with Leah, but that ambiguity is mirrored later in Genesis by Jacob’s wrestling with the mysterious man in chapter 32. In that passage, some scholars conclude that Jacob wrestled with a physical man (perhaps even Esau), while the text seems to suggest that the man was a manifestation of God. There is a duality in both of these stories – the simultaneous wrestling with God and with humanity – that gives deep insight into the character of both Rachel and Jacob. What Does This Mean? The idea that Rachel’s wrestling with God and Leah is an allusion to Jacob’s wrestling with God and Esau is not one that we should miss. Indeed, the idea of wrestling, of challenging both God and humanity, is a thread that runs deeply through the Jacob narrative. From the beginning, Jacob was an underdog who had to scheme and maneuver to succeed – in some cases, he had to do so even to survive. His two wives, particularly Rachel, embodied many of the same character traits as Jacob himself. They had the tenacity to do what they needed to do in order to secure a future for themselves. For the Israelites in exile, who were themselves wrestling with their heritage and their status as inheritors of the promise of God, this story of their nation’s birth would have established their cultural history as a line of scrappy fighters. When they wondered whether they had been abandoned by God, they could look to Rachel, who had also been forgotten by God but had wrestled and pushed back until God heard her voice and gave her victory. By looking to Rachel, they could be inspired themselves to wrestle and question God while still trusting for deliverance. As the exiled Hebrews laughed along with Jacob’s story, they gained from it the courage to do what they must to survive and prevail as the people of God. There is a tension in this interpretation: did God choose Jacob because of his tenacity, or did God give Jacob a character of tenacity to get through his circumstances? The text itself will not help us resolve this question, but I find comfort in the idea that the Bible reveals a heritage of people with diverse strengths and weaknesses. Abraham, the first patriarch, was a man of devout faithfulness; Jacob, Leah, and Rachel, the parents of the Israelite tribes, were cunning and devious and, at times, seemed faithless; Joseph, one of Jacob’s sons, rose to great political power and used that power to protect his family. Unlike the heroes of other cultures, the heroes of our faith were not superhuman or terribly exceptional in any way except that they were heirs to the promise of God. They were surprisingly, authentically human. And that tells me it is okay for me to be human as well. Indeed, sometimes that very humanity is what I need – what the people of God need – to endure the circumstances of life. 1 Enns, Peter, “When was Genesis Written and Why Does it Matter? : A Brief Historical Study,” The BioLogos Foundation, <https://biologos.org/uploads/resources/enns_scholarly_essay3.pdf> (accessed 10 March 2017). 2 Brueggemann, Walter, 1982, Genesis, Interpretation, a Bible commentary for teaching and preaching, Atlanta: John Knox Press, 8-10. 3 Wenham, Gordon J., 2002, Exploring the Old Testament, Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 35. 4 Brueggemann, 250. 5 For more information on this effect in contemporary culture, see: Peterson, Russell Leslie. 2008. Strange Bedfellows : How Late-Night Comedy Turns Democracy into a Joke, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 6 Coogan, Michael D., Marc Z. Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, and Pheme Perkins, 2010, The New Oxford Annotated Bible, New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha, 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 46. 7 Brueggemann, 251. 8 Olson, Dennis, “Revenge, Forgiveness, and Sibling Rivalry: A Theological Dialogue Between Scripture and Science,” Ex Auditu, Vol. 28 (2012): 115. 9 Bar, Shaul, Daily Life of the Patriarchs : The Way It Was, Oxford, GB: Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2014, 137-143. 10 Behind the Name, “Behind the Name: meaning, origin and history of the name Naphtali,” BehindTheName.com, <https://www.behindthename.com/name/naphtali> (accessed 25 March 2017).

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By Joanne Palmer Originally published in the Jewish Standard on August 1, 2019. Rabbi Leiah Moser (‘17) is the rabbi of Reconstructionist Beth Israel and the assistant rabbi at Temple Israel and JCC in RIdgewood. Reconstructionist Congregation Beth Israel meets at Temple Israel and JCC in Ridgewood. It’s not just a rented space, though. It’s a much deeper relationship than that. Beth Israel is both a separate institution and a full part of the larger shul. As its name makes clear, Congregation Beth Israel is a member of the Reconstructionist movement. Temple Israel is proudly Conservative. Although the two movements share some history — the Reconstructionist movement’s architect, Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, taught for decades at the Conservative movement’s flagship institution, the Jewish Theological Seminary — they are distinctly different. The two shuls hold separate services, but they meet for kiddush, they share children’s services and a Hebrew school, and they hold many classes, discussions, and programs together. Members of each are encouraged to explore the other; differences and similarities dance together. On the practical level, it’s about sharing spaces, expenses, and support services. It’s partially about logistics. The relationship began there — but it doesn’t end there. “I think that it’s the wave of the future,” Beth Israel’s rabbi, Leiah Moser, said. Of course there are benefits to sharing infrastructure and expenses, but way beyond that, it embodies a deep truth. “I believe very strongly in the idea of Jewish peoplehood,” Rabbi Moser said. “There are different strains of Judaism, different approaches, but underlying all of that we all belong to the same people. We are all part of the same civilization. There is something very validating and fulfilling about being part of a community where we understand that.” A new Orthodox girls’ yeshiva high school, Na’aleh, is housed in the building as well; it’s there on weekdays. Starting next year, the Bergen County High School of Jewish Studies will meet there on Sundays. Although the extent of the sharing varies by institution — Na’aleh only rents classrooms — still “sharing space and resources ultimately fosters a better understanding of Jewish people,” Rabbi Moser said. Rabbi Moser is both the leader of Beth Israel and the assistant rabbi of Temple Israel, where she works with its leader, the whole institution’s senior rabbi, Dr. David J. Fine. It’s a complicated arrangement — and by all accounts, it works. Rabbi Moser’s path to the rabbinate is no less intricate — and no less unexpected. She was born in Indiana in 1982, to a family that moved a great deal, and to parents with whom she still is very close. “My father’s family were all farmers in Crawfordsville, Indiana, near Lafayette,” she said. Purdue University is in Lafayette, and that’s where her father, Kevin Moser, went to college. “During college, he essentially moved out to a plot of land in the forest, built a cabin, and worked his way through school, living on his own, baking his own bread and growing his own tofu,” she said. Kevin and his wife, Noreen, met at work, and had two children, Rabbi Moser and her younger sister. Kevin Moser became a horticulturalist; when the future Rabbi Moser was just a few months old, the family moved to Saudi Arabia and stayed there for a year and a half. “At the time, the Saudi government was figuring out how to diversify their economy beyond oil,” Rabbi Moser said. “One idea someone had was setting up hydroponic greenhouses in the desert.” That’s where Kevin Moser came in. “There’s a picture of me as a baby, sitting in a sand box in the middle of a vast Arabian desert,” she said. The family moved next to Athens, Georgia, where her father worked for a seed company; next, Kevin got a promotion, which entailed the family’s move to Geneva, Illinois, near Naperville, where Rabbi Moser went to middle school and then high school. She went to North Central College in Naperville. “I entered with the idea of majoring in radio and communications,” she said. “But then I switched to a double major — philosophy and Japanese. Which is how I ended up in Japan.” Excuse me, Rabbi Moser. You what? She slowed down. “I finished college, and went to the University of Chicago for a year, for an interdisciplinary master’s program, with the idea of being an academic,” she said. “But I had become disillusioned with the endeavor of academic philosophy.” It was too cold, too formal, too disengaged from actual life, and the questions that a real person would ask. “I had spent a good chunk of my teenage and young adult years trying to assemble some sort of schema for understanding the world and getting some sort of ethical orientation within it,” Rabbi Moser said. “I had spent a long time studying philosophy, hoping that it could give me some answers to the basic questions — Why am I alive? And why do I continue to be alive? “Unfortunately, the deeper I got into studying philosophy, the more I realized that academic philosophy as a discipline is not necessarily oriented to providing those answers.” As she confronted that dead end, though, she rallied. “My partner and I had just gotten married, and we decided that in lieu of a honeymoon, we would get jobs teaching English.” In Japan, that is. “There is a fairly booming industry, because English is a required course in Japanese schools,” she continued. A lot of Japanese parents sign their children up for afterschool courses in conversational American English. And some of those schools are not well run, she soon learned. But before it all collapsed, “my partner discovered Judaism.” Rabbi Moser was not born Jewish. Her father’s family “was some mix of various Protestant and evangelical backgrounds,” she said. “My grandmother on that side is very devout in that faith, and my father reacted against it. I did not identify as Christian. I went to a Methodist church for two years in middle school, and at the end of that time I had a feeling that something about it wasn’t right, so I stopped.” Because she had been raised in an almost entirely non-religious household, she said, “I had not considered religion as a way to answer my questions. I considered the idea of believing in God to be kind of stupid. “But I was growing dissatisfied with the answers that philosophy was providing me.” And the questions hadn’t stopped. Meanwhile, “my partner had brought a book by Rabbi Irwin Kula to Japan,” Rabbi Moser said. The book was “Yearnings: Embracing the Sacred Messiness of Life.” “I’d heard him interviewed by Terri Gross on ‘Fresh Air,’ on NPR.” She found the interview interesting, but “I had no intention of reading the book. I wasn’t interested in religion. “But finally I read the book.” The program that had sent her to Japan “went suddenly and spectacularly bankrupt,” and she was pretty much marooned there for a while, before things got sorted out enough for her to go home. “I read it out of sheer boredom, because I’d run out of other things to read. “So I’m reading the book, and he is talking about growing up Jewish, and living in Jewish spaces, and in some uncanny way I recognize it. It feels like I am connecting to it in a way that I shouldn’t be, because that is not the life I grew up with. “I’d had some contact with various religions. Because I had relatives who were Christian I’d spent some time in a church, and there were other folks I was connected to who had belonged to a Unitarian church, and others followed some variety of pagan faiths, but I had not been much exposed to Judaism before. “But I read Kula’s book, and the more I read the more I recognized that it felt homelike, although it was nothing like the home in which I was raised.” It made her reconsider her dismissal of the possibility of there being a God. “I had explored a fairly wide patch of the approaches different smart people have developed about the meaning of life, and how we should live. The one patch I had not really given a chance was what if we live in a universe with a God in it. The idea of a God-filled universe was not something that I had given a chance. So I kind of stopped for a moment, and opened that door and peeked through it.” And then something changed. The door opened by itself. “I had an encounter with God when I was in Japan.” “I can’t really describe it in words,” Rabbi Moser said. She tried, haltingly. “I was like turning around and realizing that someone had been standing behind me the whole time. Well, hi!” That was that. Her life was turned inside out. “I felt very strongly that I wanted to find out how to become Jewish.” Rabbi Moser and her then-wife went to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where Rabbi Moser went to work for her father. He’d “long ago started a company designing software for horticulture,” she said. His company — first called Plant Wear, then the Corymb Group — was created because “inventory is hard” for greenhouses and seed companies, she said. Seeds have to be shipped at the right time in the year, at the right time in their cycle, to places and through places that affect their growth cycles. For seed companies, timing is everything. Kevin Moser’s software helped companies plan, taking their own specific climates and needs into consideration. There is an active Jewish community in Tulsa, Rabbi Moser said. She joined it; she became active in the local Conservative synagogue, Congregation B’nai Emunah, and grew close to its rabbi, Mark Fitzerman. She studied hard. “Once I find a body of detailed knowledge that I’m interested in, I keep going,” she said. After a great deal of study, she converted, with a bet din headed by Rabbi Fitzerman. “Then I had an adult bar mitzvah, I started leading services when the rabbi wasn’t around, I started leading a study group for people in the process of converting,” she said. “I took over the library.” All of that work except for the library was as a volunteer. “Somewhere through all of that, I realized that becoming a rabbi would be a good thing to do,” she said. “I was about 28 when I started rabbinical school.” Before that, she spent a summer at the Conservative movement’s Conservative Yeshiva, a non-degree-granting Torah lishma institution — it offers study for its own thrilling, life-altering sake — at the Fuchsberg Center in Jerusalem. “It was amazing,” she said. “It was a very difficult summer. My grandfather passed away, so it was the first funeral I performed as a Jew — and he wasn’t Jewish. But he hadn’t belonged to a church for a long time, and he was religious. My mom asked me to do it. It made sense to her. She thought, ‘We need someone religious to do a funeral. My child is the one religious person in the family.’” Her parents were fine about her conversion after some initial discomfort, she said. “My father was dismayed because he had always thought of me as a rational person. So he was a little weirded out by my becoming religious. And my mother was nervous, worrying if I’d still be connected to the family. “So when it was clear to my mother that I was still part of the family and when it was clear to my father that it didn’t mean that I was going to become some kind of religious fundamentalist, they both came around.” She met her first Reconstructionist Jews while she was in Fuchsberg, and she liked them, Rabbi Moser said. So when it was time to think about rabbinical school, she considered its seminary, the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College, seriously. The logical choice for her would have been JTS, she said, given her connections to the Conservative movement. But she had a few problems with that choice. “I had some serious questions about the Conservative movement’s approach to halacha,” she said. She found the movement’s understanding of Torah as “essentially a constitution that we have no way of amending, but it started to feel more like a construction to me,” she said. “If we believe that Torah is a construction of human beings in conversation with God, then theoretically, just as human society changes and adapts over time, so should Torah.” That meant that the Reconstructionist movement’s greater flexibility seemed more rational to her. “I was very interested in Kaplan’s approach to Judaism as an evolving religious civilization, and the idea that it is a manifestation of Jews and what we believe and how we believe, not the other way around. It is not that we are Torah, and therefore we are Jews. It is more that we are Jews, and therefore there is Torah.” Also, she said, “at the time, JTS was not accepting LGBT students.” That did not feel comfortable to her. It was a hard choice, she said. “On the one hand, I really respect the level of commitment of the Conservative movement. I like that it continues to try to uphold and develop communal norms. Because of my evolving approach to the nature of where those communal norms come from — and the LGBT thing — I decided to go to the Reconstructionist college. I’ve probably been happier as a quote unquote traditionalist or observant Reconstructionist than I would have been as a more radical or more loosey-goosey rabbi.” That means that her finding a home inside a Reconstructionist synagogue inside a Conservative synagogue is perfect. “It feels like home,” she confirmed. There was another huge shift in Rabbi Moser’s life, one that an alert reader might have suspected when noting that Rabbi Moser became an adult bar mitzvah. She’s also transgender. “I came out toward the end of my first year of rabbinical school,” she said. “When I came back to the second year of rabbinical school, I came back with my new name, living full time as a woman. It was a stage in a process that was ongoing for some time. “It was like becoming Jewish,” she continued. “There had been a big Jewish-shaped hole in my life, and an instant of recognition, and then there could be no other answer but to go and do it. “In the same way, I had been struggling with issues of gender my entire life. “Here’s the thing,” she explained. “I had always assumed, based on my personal experience, that every man, secretly, deep down in his heart, knew that he had been dealt a terrible hand by fate. I believed that actually that was the reason for all the misogyny and mistreatment of women. Jealousy. “The thing that proved it to be otherwise to me was meeting a transman, because there being such a thing as a transman completely disproves that theory.” In other words, if all men secretly wanted to be women, if all men felt cheated because they were not born women, it would not be possible for someone to be born female but transition to becoming a man. “Once the theory was disproved, it opened a set of hard questions for me. If all men don’t feel that way, why do I? Perhaps it is because I am not a man?” Once she asked herself that question, she realized the truth of the answer, and was compelled to follow that truth. “If you need something for your entire life, and then suddenly the barrier between it and you vanishes, then you are going to have to rush toward it,” she said. What does she make of all the huge changes she’s undergone? “There is a thing in software development called a dependency,” she said. “In order to write this piece of code, you have to have another piece of code over there. “I have a nesting chain of dependencies,” she said. “In order to come out as trans, I had to have a community within which I could come out as trans. And I also had to have a concept of salvation, because without that, the whole endeavor is nonexistent.” Salvation is “the belief that the really seriously life- and soul-threatening problems that face us have a solution in this world,” she explained. “The Israelites were living in slavery for a couple of hundred years, and during that time their lives were miserable, but we live in a world with a concept of salvation. Just because salvation doesn’t always come, that doesn’t mean that it never comes. Sometimes there is a gap in the clouds. Sometimes we can experience salvation. I did.” Her nesting dependencies began with her conversion. “In order for any of the others to happen, I had to become Jewish,” she said. “I needed the concept of salvation and a community that I felt a close connection to. I wouldn’t have been able to find the courage to come out and to transition if I hadn’t believed on some level that God was going to be with me. “And if I hadn’t transitioned, I wouldn’t have met Ross, and I wouldn’t have become a stepparent. I find that transition to becoming a parent on par with the other two.” Some explanation — Rabbi Moser was divorced and she is remarried. Her partner — her term of choice — is Ross Mattio; he converted to Judaism, and he has four children. “I have awesome stepkids,” Rabbi Moser said. “I never thought I would be a parent — and suddenly I’m the parent of four.” (The youngest is about to start high school, and the oldest is finishing college.) Those stepchildren have changed her life, she said. Rabbi Moser also is a musician. “I used to make electronic music with my friends in high school,” she said; she and her best friend, Emily Mills — now a writer, musician, and political activist in Madison, Wisconsin — had a band called Tumor Necrosis Factor. “It was the 90s,” she said, semi-apologetically. “None of us had decent equipment, so we would make music on someone’s old PC. “I have found that the interface of computers and music is where it’s at for me.” Rabbi Moser plays electronic music at Friday night services, for “the monthly synth pop Shabbat. It’s me up there leading a musical service with my gear as the source of the music. “I set my gear up on the bimah, and we just rock out,” she said; the rest of the month, the services are more standard, but there’s always music. “I feel like there really is no point to get together to pray without singing,” she said. “Rhythm is tied into the pulse of the body,” she said, quoting the Jewish mystic Rabbi Nachman of Bratzlav. “The best way to achieve physical, mental, and spiritual health is to sing and dance. That opens the gates inside, lets us grab the bitterness and sadness in our lives, take them kicking and screaming into the circle of dancers, and translate it into some kind of joy.” Rabbi Moser also has written a young adult fantasy novel, “Magical Princess Harriet: Chessed: World of Compassion.” “I love the genre,” she said. “I don’t think I have ever met a transperson who wasn’t into fantasy and science fiction. You have to be able to imagine yourself out of the stuckness that you’re in.” The main character, Harriet, is “a transgender Jewish girl in middle school,” Rabbi Moser said. “It was a lot of fun to write.” Part of the impetus for the book was a philosophical reaction to the concept that fantasy is an inherently Christian genre, “essentially tied to a nostalgic romantic conception of the Middle Ages.” Jews have no reason to be nostalgic for the Middle Ages — a period we barely survived — “but I am a huge aficionado of Jewish mysticism and the aggadic parts of the Talmud. All sorts of fantasy are happening there,” she said. “We operate on the 19th century belief that Judaism always has been a rationalist religion, but really it has many fantastical elements.” The other reason for the book was “I was transitioning at the time, and it felt really cool to write a young adult novel featuring a trans protagonist who is absolutely invested in her Judaism,” Rabbi Moser said. “Harriet belongs to a progressive shul; as a result of a merger, it’s called Beth Hillel Beth Shammai.” That’s a funny name. That’s not accidental. “This probably is characteristic of my approach to the rabbinate,” Rabbi Moser said. “I am dealing with very serious stuff, and we should absolutely take seriously the demands that God and our tradition place on us. The only way that we can do it in a way that will not make us crazy is through using laughter and fun. We cannot take ourselves too seriously.” That’s a deeply Jewish response, she added. “Jews have demonstrated over and over again throughout several thousand years of history that one way to live under sometimes intolerable conditions was to make fun of your oppressor and then get back to the religious business of living.” When she looks at all the changes she’s been through, she rejects some of the currently popular understandings of those changes. “If I take seriously the idea that there is God, and that God is involved in the world, then I have to believe that I wasn’t born into the wrong body or the wrong culture,” she said. “I have to be born the way that I was in order to come to the place that I am now. “Ultimately, it is a mystery. It has not been vouchsafed to us to know.” Temple Israel’s Rabbi Fine feels that the arrangement with Beth Israel, now five years old, is working out wonderfully, and he’s particularly glad to be working with Rabbi Moser. “She’s so intelligent, and she has such broad life experience,” he said. She “brings a tremendous amount of depth. She shares her encounter with the Jewish tradition, and it is a mature and sophisticated encounter. “She is incredibly learned, and seeks to find a way to bring the relevance of that learning to Jewish life. “She also teaches in areas that I never thought of teaching — a mussar course that studies ethics passages from the Zohar. She is able to open a whole area of Jewish learning that is outside my comfort zone.” The two communities do a great deal together, he said, as the Reconstructionists come to know the Conservatives better and better. There is one membership form for people joining now; they are asked to tell with which community they will affiliate, so that the information can go to the movement. Dues that Temple Israel and JCC pays to the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism and that Reconstructionist Congregation Beth Israel pays to the Reconstructionist movement. That’s representative of their arrangement in general; separate but together, divided formally in some ways but together emotionally and also technically in many others, both sides secure in their identity and therefore able to merge and split and merge again at will and on demand. Or, to put it more simply, in Rabbi Fine’s words, “We are thrilled to have Rabbi Leiah and her husband as part of the community.”

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How 2-Day Shipping Works and Why You Should Offer It Today’s shoppers want the convenience of buying online with the gratification of getting their orders ASAP. And you can’t blame them. Giants like Amazon and Walmart have set the norm for the eCommerce industry by offering their customers two-day and even same-day shipping options. As a small retailer, you risk losing your customers if you can’t guarantee their ‘inalienable right’ to expedited delivery. Studies have shown that 26% of online shoppers abandon their carts due to slow shipping, and 53% consider delivery time an essential factor when evaluating their orders. The most intriguing part of the puzzle is that customers expect expedited shipping but still crave free deliveries, with 75% of U.S. shoppers expecting free shipping. Considering their lower order volume and lack of fulfillment infrastructure, the big question is, can small businesses compete with the giants? Well, the answer isn’t straightforward. But we can tell you it’s not impossible. In this article, we let you in on the most important things you need to know about two-day shipping and how you can offer it to your customers. What Does 2-Day Shipping Mean? When you offer two-day shipping, you deliver consumer purchases within two days of the order. Today’s online consumers tend to be impatient, so two-day shipping is essential to your eCommerce strategy. The Benefits of 2-Day Delivery How can you benefit from two-day deliveries? Here are some ways two-day delivery can provide a business advantage: Meet Customer Expectations and Boost Loyalty Many customers expect two-day shipping ability from all online businesses thanks to Amazon. Whether you like it or not, two-day shipping is a must. If customers don’t receive their items within two days, they may not return to your business again. On the flip side, consistently delivering within two days shows that you’re a reliable online business. If you keep fulfilling your two-day delivery promises, customers are more likely to continue shopping at your business. Reduce Lost Sales and Cart Abandonment There’s something undeniably thrilling about waiting for a package to arrive in the mail, especially when it comes to last-minute holiday gifts or items that just can’t wait. We’ve all experienced that sense of urgency, and it’s no wonder that slow delivery speeds can be a deal breaker for many eCommerce platform users. In fact, a snail-paced shipping process can lead to customers abandoning their carts, causing businesses to lose out on potential sales. However, the simple solution of offering two-day delivery can work wonders. This speedy promise not only eases the minds of those eager customers but also makes them much more likely to hit that “purchase” button, knowing that their precious items will be in their hands in just a few days. Gain Another Selling Point Fast shipping speed is marketable. If you promise two-day delivery and consistently fulfill it, you can make it a selling point. Writing something like “free two-day delivery” on your marketing materials can attract attention and increase clicks. More clicks mean more people visit your online store, potentially increasing your sales. How Does 2-Day Shipping Work? Depending on the seller, two-day delivery can be two business days or two full days. And the time can start counting from either the order cutoff time or the checkout time. For example, Walmart uses two business days and an order cutoff time model. So, if a buyer places an order after the cutoff time on Friday, they can expect to receive it on or before Tuesday since Saturday and Sunday are not business days. On the other hand, some other companies start counting the days once the order is packed, not minding whether it’s a business day. Whichever the model, deliveries eligible for two-day shipping usually vary between two shipping methods: air and ground. Each shipping method has different advantages and disadvantages, so let’s dive in: Air shipping entails using an airplane or jet to transport packages from the warehouse or fulfillment center to the customer. It’s mainly used for international shipping or shipping to customers far from fulfillment centers. Of course, airborne shipping costs can be pretty steep, making it almost impossible to offer free two-day shipping to customers. Ground shipping uses vans, trucks, or cars to move orders from the fulfillment center to the customer’s doorstep. You may use your delivery vehicles or rely on an external shipping carrier, depending on your logistics approach. Ground shipping is easily the cheapest delivery model, and you can offer free two-day delivery without hurting your bottom line. It’s a harsh reality for many businesses that ground shipping isn’t suitable for delivering orders to remote areas far from fulfillment hubs. If you don’t have fulfillment centers spread across many regions, offering 2-day delivery via ground shipping can be next to impossible. How 2-Day Shipping Grows eCommerce Businesses A report from EtailInsights revealed that there are 2.1 million online retailers in the United States alone, and this number is expected to grow in the coming years. If anything, this stat tells you that eCommerce businesses have become just as competitive as brick-and-mortar retail, if not more. You’ll need to stay on top of your game to thrive in the space as a business owner. Here are a few ways two-day shipping can boost your eCommerce business: Keep up With Shoppers’ Expectations On average, online customers feel three days is an acceptable waiting time for an order. Once your delivery time exceeds three days, your customers will likely leave you for businesses that offer faster delivery. 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Should You Offer 2-Day Shipping? Yes, offering two-day shipping to as many customers as possible would be best. It’s the easiest way to reduce cart abandonment and order cancellation rates. However, two-day shipping for all orders can be detrimental to business, especially if you plan to keep the shipping costs low. If expedited delivery costs are too high, you can offer two-day shipping alongside other options and leave the decision to the customer. Another helpful strategy is restricting the service to a select group of customers like Amazon Prime. Typically, How Much Is 2-Day Shipping? The cost of shipping within two days depends on several factors. Here are some things that affect the price of a 2-day shipping program. - Type and amount of mailable items you are shipping - Peak period on the delivery calendar - Time and day delivery shipments are scheduled - Delivery carrier and service used - Zip code for the location of origin - Zip code and destination addresses - Dimensional weight - Package characteristics (e.g., hazardous materials, fragile items) Also, note that the cost that a seller charges customers for two-day shipping can vary because of factors like fulfillment fees and channel costs. Fulfillment fees are the cost that a company or individual seller may incur for packing, processing orders, stocking inventory, and shipping. These fulfillment fees, in turn, can also vary based on pricing models, orders placed, and additional services like individual packaging. This explains why when you order an item for two-day shipping from an online marketplace, the cost may be more or less than ordering the same item directly from the item manufacturer’s site. How to Keep 2-Day Shipping Costs Low Two-day shipping doesn’t come without extra costs. If you’re not careful, you could lose all the gains you’ll make from offering two-day shipping if the costs eat too deep into your bottom line. And transferring the total cost to customers isn’t a viable option. As mentioned earlier, your customers want their delivery fast and free! The best you can do is to keep the shipping cost as low as possible. Here are some tips that can help: Use Ground Shipping Ground shipping is the easiest way to keep shipping costs low while delivering fast. However, it can only work if the fulfillment center is close to the customer. It’s essential to know your customers well. That way, choosing locations near them will be a breeze and save you money in the long run. You could even offer one-day or overnight shipping to customers living closer to your fulfillment center. Offer 2-day Shipping to Customers on a Membership Plan Even with Amazon’s logistics prowess, only Amazon Prime members enjoy guaranteed two-day shipping. You can also work on a similar model for your eCommerce business. When you offer this perk to customers on a membership plan, more customers are likely to join, and the subscription cost may offset some shipping costs. Leverage Distributed Warehouses Operating from just one warehouse or fulfillment center will severely restrict your two-day delivery capabilities. If you cannot manage multiple fulfillment centers, you should consider partnering with a 3PL company. You’ll be reducing the transit time of customers’ orders and ensuring faster delivery. Examples of 2-Day Shipping Options Below are a few shipping methods you can use if you’re planning to start two-day shipping: DIY: Negotiate Shipping Discounts With Carriers If you handle fulfillment in-house, you’ll have to take the goods to your preferred carrier. The top carriers, such as FedEx and USPS, have two-day shipping plans you can subscribe to. If your business is big enough, you could even get them to pick the packages up from your warehouse with shipping discounts. Outsourced: Partnering With a 3PL Online sellers that choose this option store their inventory at the third-party logistics company’s fulfillment center, and the company ensures it’s shipped on time. This arrangement allows sellers to leverage distributed warehouses and reduce shipping costs. You get to retain customer information since all orders will pass through. Best Shipping Options for Small Businesses If you’re a small business looking for affordable, fast shipping providers, these are some of the best options you can choose from. If you’re considering going for flat-rate shipping, USPS has pre-made boxes in sizes ranging from small to large, each with a different price. If your items fit the pre-made boxes, you may consider offering them as a parcel service option. Because of its pre-made box fees, flat-rate shipping through USPS will also help you accurately estimate your shipping prices ahead of time. This means you won’t be surprised by extra fees and end up losing money. USPS is also a top choice for those doing in-house fulfillment for their orders. If you have small order volumes, USPS offers the best value for money as a shipping option. Some services like Priority Mail Express have a money-back guarantee if your products don’t arrive on time. USPS offers free pickup services from your home or office, with tracking services and up to $50 insurance for most parcels. There are also no surcharges for Saturday deliveries, rural or resident deliveries, or fuel. For small businesses sending large packages that weigh 70 pounds or more, UPS is the most cost-effective option. Unlike USPS, this is because it doesn’t have a size limit for its services. UPS can pick up your package from your office or warehouse for an additional fee. It also has two-day and three-day delivery shipments, guaranteed day ground delivery, and international shipping services to over 220 countries and territories. While DHL is smaller than UPS, FedEx, and USPS, it’s one of the best options for international shipping. DHL can ship your customers’ orders to 220 countries and territories. It also has an easy-to-use quote calculator that can help you choose the best shipping rate and delivery times for orders, depending on your chosen service. DHL typically estimates costs based on the destination country and your items’ dimensional weight. Fragile or costly items can get either cargo or freight shipping insurance, depending on which applies to the order. For those needing help with customs clearance, DHL also has brokerage offices worldwide. Do your customers need 1-3 delivery speeds? FedEx is one of the most reliable choices for businesses where prime delivery speeds are the highest priority. FedEx has overnight shipping, same-day shipping for cross-country deliveries, and two to three-day shipping. FedEx Express may have fewer locations than UPS, but it’s still reasonably easy to find a location for dropping off shipments. FedEx Express also offers priority international deliveries, tracking, and insurance for shipments up to $100. This gives international customers the peace of mind to place orders from your small business. 2-Day Shipping FAQs Below are answers to some frequently asked questions about two-day shipping: What is second-day shipping? Second-day shipping is when a company or seller ships the order within two days of it being placed. It is different from second-day delivery, which means that the order must reach the customer within two days of being placed. Note that this should also be distinct from 2-day shipping, which typically means the order should reach the customer within two business days of shipment out of the fulfillment center. Is 2-day shipping actually two days? 2-day shipping doesn’t mean the customer will receive the package within 48 hours of placing the order – instead, it means they’ll receive it within two business days once the item is shipped to them. For instance, fulfillment center workers must pick, pack and label an order before it’s ready for shipping. So, if the customer places the order late, it may not be possible to ship the order on that day. In such cases, the two days will start counting the next day. For companies that work only on weekdays, the two days will not begin counting until Monday if the order is placed on Friday evening. If the seller drops off the package at the post office, two-day shipping will mean two days after the seller drops off the package. In some contexts, two-day shipping may suggest that the seller will get the order in the mail within two days. If you’re ever in doubt, you should ask your seller or service provider to explain their interpretation of two-day shipping. What is the Amazon Prime Effect? The Amazon Prime Effect refers to the two-day shipping service that most online customers now expect. Amazon set the expedited delivery standard via its Amazon Prime service. Prime customers typically get their goods within two days of placing the order. Is 2-day shipping guaranteed? Two-day shipping isn’t always guaranteed because it hinges on many factors, including the shipping carrier, days of operation, cutoff time, weather, and additional factors. Many online sellers only use two days as a delivery estimate. However, some sellers are bold enough to provide a money-back guarantee if your order does not arrive within two days. Even in cases where the seller provides a money-back guarantee, they still leave room for mishaps such as missing or stolen packages or lousy weather. You shouldn’t hastily provide guarantees around two-day shipping as an online seller. However, you should try to uphold your promises as much as possible. What is the benefit of offering free 2-day shipping? The main benefit of offering free two-day shipping is attracting many customers. However, you should know someone will have to pay for the free shipping and supplies, and that person is you. If it doesn’t make sense for your margins, you could be better off dropping the idea. Or, better still, offer it to a small subset of customers that may exceed a minimum purchase threshold or have subscribed to a particular service. How to Offer 2-Day Shipping Most small businesses need help handling the complexities of order fulfillment and expedited shipping. Thus, outsourcing your fulfillment services to a specialist company or another company with great logistics prowess makes excellent sense. Below are a few outsourcing options you can consider. Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) Fulfillment By Amazon is available to a select group of Amazon sellers. To become FBA-eligible, you have to meet some preset criteria. Once you meet the requirements, your customers can expect guaranteed two-day shipping and could even upgrade to one-day shipping for a small fee. The downside to Amazon FBA is that the service is only available for orders placed on the Amazon marketplace. Unfortunately, you won’t have the contact information to remarket to your customers. Amazon could even use your order information to build competing products; there’s nothing you can do about it. Furthermore, you’ll incur considerable seller fees, despite Amazon using its branded packages for shipping. In essence, you have little control over the customer experience, and shoppers are likely to remember that they bought the item from Amazon than from you. In summary, it’s not a great option to boost brand visibility. ShipHero is a third-party logistics (3PL) company with fulfillment centers nationwide, lowering last-mile delivery costs. We help sellers fulfill orders from business websites, third-party marketplaces, and other sales channels. When you partner with ShipHero, you’ll get guaranteed two-day shipping that doesn’t come with all the negatives of FBA. You’re also likely to pay less on deliveries, and you can distribute your inventory across the numerous fulfillment centers in the country to save on shipping costs. If you want to scale your fulfillment operations and gain access to powerful 3PL software without breaking the bank, there’s hardly any better option than partnering with ShipHero. Offering fast and cheap delivery options is now central to attracting and retaining online customers. Unfortunately, many small businesses don’t have the logistics capabilities necessary to match the expedited delivery services provided by eCommerce giants like Amazon, Walmart, and eBay. Outsourcing your fulfillment needs to a 3PL company is the best way to remain competitive. If you can partner with the right logistics company, you can offer guaranteed two-day shipping and enjoy all the benefits of it.

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When deciding on an investments program, people and you will traders should consider whether the have given satisfy the trade demands. Go out people or any other short-identity traders may need provides such Level dos estimates and you can entry to field depth information for example price levels, purchase size, and you can volume to enable them to in the timing its purchases. Change choices, futures and you can fx can be include generous risks and so are maybe not appropriate for all investors. Subscribers need to imagine all of the related risk things, as well as their particular personal financial predicament, just before change. On the web brokers are great for thinking-led traders and you will traders who’re comfortable researching, placing, and you may overseeing their own deals. You could do check out listing and you can found alerts you to definitely tune the purchase price, frequency and condition out of carries in your listing. TD Ameritrade members is trade all of the investment classes provided by using the cellular app. SoFi Energetic Investing’s $0 trading payment and you will $1 membership minimal is actually attractive to the new traders, however, deficiencies in money possibilities such mutual fund and you will securities are a downside of these preserving to have senior years. Fidelity have a couple exchange systems, Fidelity.com and you will Productive Buyer Specialist. Fidelity offers complex screeners having fun with look and you will method-analysis products based on ten years out of historical research. For the reason that all these programs work to your wafer-thin margins – so they really don’t have the information to offer best-notch assistance twenty-four hours a day. A few of the 100 percent free trade programs talked about now enables you to exchange to your margin. Thus you could trading possessions with more money than just you’ve got on your membership. Most of the totally free change networks on this page give a fractional ownership tool. Webull also offers a distinguished change simulation, which can be an excellent equipment to begin with who wish to behavior actions with virtual dollars ahead of risking their particular money. Webull Report Trading offers genuine-date investigation, included charting devices as well as 50 personalized technology symptoms. The organization also holds competitions that have cash honors so you can encourage the new buyers to rehearse. You can find $0 charge to possess on line You.S. stocks, exchange-traded fund (ETFs) and you may possibilities positions, making it possible for the fresh traders first off strengthening their profiles. There are also handled portfolios with an apartment 0.30% annual management percentage for those who may require a lot more suggestions. The individuals searching for carrying huge portfolios and you will a far more varied spending approach may also select from a couple of other wealth administration arrangements assisted from the personal financing advisers. While the system will come loaded with real-day rates charts and lots of purchase types, Plus500 is a bit weak when it comes to technical research. Immediate access agents enable it to be buyers to help you in person channel purchases because of ECN (digital communication sites), transfers and you will market makers. Normal brokers otherwise complete-service brokers and work with research and you can investment advice. Futures, futures options, and forex trading characteristics provided with Charles Schwab Futures and Fx LLC. Ahead of a reputation improvement in Sep 2021, Charles Schwab Futures and you may Fx LLC are known as TD Ameritrade Futures & Fx LLC. Tastytrade provides really aggressive costs to possess options exchange, having you can look here talked about have including percentage hats to possess large package versions, plus the lack of one earnings when closing ranking. The good news is to own tastytrade pages, such lower profits do not include a patio that delivers worst possibilities analytics, inefficient program workflow, otherwise sluggish exchange execution. In reality, the fresh tastytrade system will bring all of these elements together with her inside a fashion that’s among the best of all the companies i examined. Manage note, however, you need to shell out an extra 0.15% management payment. I gather analysis directly from organization due to outlined surveys, and you will conduct first-hands analysis and you may observance as a result of vendor demonstrations. The final productivity supplies superstar recommendations from terrible (one celebrity) to help you excellent (four celebs). You could potentially choose from Doing it yourself spending, automatic investing or tax-enhanced later years membership. As well, you can buy free counseling on the company’s economic planners. Known as power, change for the margin is also magnify the progress — and you may, from the worst-instance situation, the losings. To learn more info on margin, strategies for it and also the risks inside it, comprehend our very own self-help guide to margin trade. We’d strongly recommend beginning with our book based on how to-day trade — they discusses most of the day exchange principles you desire to understand. From securities trade, on the internet brokers transmit your own sales to places and you can either act as custodians or station them to credible custodians. They come together which have industry producers to suit buyers and sellers, and you will manage agreements between your exchange of money for securities. So you can result in the correct options, Forbes Mentor examined a respected online agents to spot an educated of the greatest. Our very own selections were platforms that are good for a variety of additional profiles, of thinking-directed buyers to people who are merely starting out. All the investments cover chance, rather than all risks are suitable for all trader. Trading 72 moments over the exact same months brings in entry to static Height II rates. An investments system is actually an online, cellular, or pc software your agent will bring and you used to do trade orders, screen ranks, and control your membership. Classes have been weighted from the its cousin pros for the best on the web broker full, best for novices and best for active buyers. Futures and fx profile are not covered by the fresh Bonds Buyer Shelter Firm (SIPC). EToro fees a good currency conversion process percentage out of 0.5% for the all the non-USD dumps. Once again, it is because you happen to be required to entrust your favorite platform along with your funding. Therefore, you can examine to see which financial government the brand new vendor try registered because of the. Tackle the fresh segments with a great deal away from information engineered for these which like to change. TD Active Investor includes the next stay-aside features, as well as over the fresh future months, TD Energetic Individual members continues to see fascinating new features for the program. Become familiar with advantage categories that you can trade – such as holds, cryptocurrencies, ETFs, fx, and commodities. If the using our better-rated exchange platform eToro, not only are you able to put fund having Visa and you may Bank card, but also elizabeth-purses including Paypal, Neteller, and you may Skrill. Sooner or later, going for a trading program that isn’t regulated – or one that is authorized inside the an unethical offshore location, means the fund are at risk. Traders that want a robust trade program within the a good secure, regulated ecosystem with zero profits, TradeStation could be your own finest choices. Minimal put is zero, meaning, you might money your bank account having people amount. What is actually an investing System? If you have at the very least $dos,100 on the account, you can use margin trading during the reasonable rates you to decrease as your membership’s equilibrium goes up. Choices are a famous form of defense for buyers trying to day-exchange because the a career or just who simply want a way to generate repeated trades with high prospective output—and commensurately risky. The main criteria to own a profitable web sites trading platform try global character, unwavering accuracy, constant service after all degree, and you can unique useful trade provides. These types of services is shared in the prize-successful Olymp Change agent and you can digital trading platform. All the individual desires to profit in the best conditions and you may doesn’t should worry on the shelter away from personal finance. The original visible thing an amateur investor really does would be to study other on the internet trading sites. The guy started because the the floor clerk at the Chicago Mercantile Replace (CME) regarding the money futures pits. Up coming advanced so you can working as a proprietary individual off of the floors trading the brand new bund at once. The guy based TradersLog.com, which has obtained 10s from an incredible number of webpage viewpoints so far. That way, if you lose money — when you are likely to do, at the very least at first — those individuals losings reaches the very least capped. Your whole portfolio will be invested in enough time-term, diversified investment such reduced-cost directory fund. Futures, futures options and you will forex trading services provided with Charles Schwab Futures and you will Forex LLC. Please note one to futures trading, the forex market, and you can portfolio margin within the an excellent TD Ameritrade account try subject to recognition. Futures and you will the forex market services are provided by Charles Schwab Futures and Forex LLC. If you are searching to help you trading on the internet for the earliest date, then you will want to ensure that you choose a supplier one to also offers a seamless consumer experience. - All setup and you will tastes on the thinkorswim desktop system will likely be utilized to your cellular software. - I’ve safeguarded everything you in order that your trade experience exceeds the criterion. - As the robo-advisers is automated, they are often less costly than old-fashioned monetary advisers. - Charles Schwab received TD Ameritrade inside the Oct 2020 and you may, at the time of slide 2023, is within the procedure of moving all the buyers membership to help you Schwab. - As well, we would like to as well as talk about you to definitely the very best free trade systems that people examined provide small-offering features. By the consolidating the advantages of conventional forex trading if you are looking at the fresh the fresh and fun arena of cryptocurrency, the working platform brings a thorough and you will flexible exchange sense. That it hybrid means allows buyers so you can power the newest precision and you can familiarity of conventional trading procedures whilst taking advantage of crypto options. Already, the working platform also offers crypto characteristics for all countries and you can places except to have North america, and you can European countries is arranged to have institutional investors merely. FXGT.com offers numerous put steps thru cryptocurrency for many places. There’s twenty four/7 multilingual support service in order to account for the working platform’s international arrived at. Another way you to specific totally free exchange systems benefit is through giving superior change has you to definitely costs currency to utilize. EToro is amongst the better totally free exchange networks for college student and you will advnaced traders. The platform charge no account government fees, no deposit or detachment costs and 0% fee for the inventory trades. You can also find your chosen 100 percent free brokerage program doesn’t costs anything to unlock an account, put or withdraw financing, or have fun with the trial change studio. Such as, it will be the simply representative within our survey that doesn’t charge an outbound wire percentage—a little detail an indicator of their complete method. We’re also clear about how exactly we could provide well quality content, aggressive rates, and beneficial systems for you by the outlining how we profit. As we adhere to stricteditorial stability,this short article get include recommendations to help you issues from our lovers. Take care of the modifying areas, lookup, exchange, & far more, regardless of where you are. Certified users can enjoy all of our energetic trade app so you can rating streaming estimates, brought change, and more. All opportunities include dangers, for instance the loss of prominent invested. Previous efficiency away from a safety does not make certain upcoming performance or success. Luckily you to definitely by the ticking away from a ‘checklist’ away from trick metrics, locating the best trade system of 2023 doesn’t need to be boring. Dependent on your favorite membership type, their put would be processed instantly. Such as, when you’re to your a free account, the original $step 1,100 of one’s chose deposit number would be credited instantly, and the other people might take a supplementary day or two. The learning Center blogs are curated and you can individualized to help you a good clients’ discovering welfare, so it’s simple to easily discover posts that’s highly relevant to the interests. For individuals who’lso are looking change alternatives, you’ll want an investments system that can help you choose market options, allows you to put your wished requests, and you will lets you do everything in the an inexpensive. We’ve chose the 3 better possibilities exchange systems to include in 2023. You can utilize tips for example asset allotment and you can diversity to attenuate the risk of you losing money, but you’ll never fully take it off instead of along with reducing the chances of making a great come back. If you’re looking to find and sell stocks on the very own, you are looking for an internet representative. After you unlock an account which have a managed brokerage, you can deposit money and then make investments in the stock market. However all of the on line exchange networks ability customer support through cellular phone, very give help more speak and you will email address. Whether or not most online brokers provide similar type of broker account, with a means to fix such issues can be ultimately help you prefer the type of account and you may system one to best caters to your financial desires. 74% out of shopping investor account lose money when exchange CFDs using this type of vendor. You should know whether or not you understand how CFDs functions and you may whether you can afford for taking the brand new risky out of losing your money. 77% from retail trader profile generate losses when exchange CFDs using this supplier. Brokers are intermediaries anywhere between a purchaser and you may a supplier away from a great monetary device. You should buy and sell economic devices on the internet without needing a great people representative. Agents is actually generally applications used to lay requests to own monetary tool on the internet. Your entire settings and you will choices in the thinkorswim pc platform will be reached for the cellular application. It means your own graph pictures and you may market goes through will likely be synced up to any smart phone. $0.00 payment pertains to online U.S. collateral positions, exchange-replaced money (ETFs), and you may alternatives (+ $0.65 for every deal percentage) inside a great Fidelity retail account only for Fidelity Brokerage Functions LLC merchandising subscribers. Sell purchases is actually at the mercy of an activity analysis commission (from $0.01 so you can $0.03 for every $step 1,000 away from principal). Traders can buy or sell possibilities just like it get and promote such things as brings and you will securities. Cellular traders may benefit out of a fully searched application that delivers all capability of one’s internet browser experience while on the fresh go. You’ll shell out $step 1 for each bargain to own opening the right position using standard alternatives and no charges whenever closure the right position. The new generation trade system, readily available for energetic investors, offers a best-in-classification trade sense to possess cutting-edge purchases, cutting-edge possibilities strategy execution and you will reducing-boundary charting capabilities. EToro now offers a great and easy to use exchange platform matched up with the social trading prospective. Finally, exchange platforms could have specific requirements that needs to be came across before you might unlock an account and you will/or change. Such as, day trading programs might need one to traders features no less than $twenty five,one hundred thousand within the collateral in their account and stay approved to have margin exchange. Choices programs might require one buyers become approved to help you change individuals form of options prior to they’re able to utilize the exchange program. Online change platforms are generally provided by brokers possibly free of charge otherwise during the a cost savings in return for keeping a great funded membership and you can/otherwise to make a designated level of trades 30 days. Keep reading to discover the best online trade networks and you will our publication for you to select the right choice for you. Day happens to be money which have day exchange, you require an agent an internet-based trading program that’s legitimate and offers the quickest purchase execution. Of many networks tend to publish information about its delivery speeds as well as how they channel requests. If you’re trying to find day trading, the testimonial is always to spend some a little percentage of your current profile to the approach – just about 5% otherwise ten%, passes. It preferred online platform will give you use of a lot of money sets from the extremely aggressive charge. Within the the same character to TD Ameritrade, Interactive Agents are a reliable brokerage that was giving trade characteristics because the 1970s. The brand new Interactive Brokers platform try probably the most suitable choice to the table if you consider your self an experienced buyer. While the likes of eToro and Robinhood are considered beginners in the the newest trade program area, TD Ameritrade is a All of us brokerage powerhouse which was productive as the 1975. In other words, when there is a financial business that you want to invest in the, chances are high, you’ll find it from the TD Ameritrade. Plus500 – CFD change platform which have zero earnings to the forex; change which have MT4 and you may MT5 A knowledgeable online date trading programs render enhanced functions, quick delivery, a huge number of research, lowest costs and you can a robust mobile app to possess change to your wade. Concurrently, you want to as well as discuss you to among the better totally free trade systems that we assessed provide brief-attempting to sell features. This really is much easier when you are permitted trade CFDs – because you wear’t have to acquire the brand new inventory away from other individual. Instead, it’s simply a situation of placing an excellent offer buy in your picked industry. The top-tier program boasts each other an online desktop computer version and a web site option, and this buyers is also toggle anywhere between seamlessly. The platform has intuitive shortcuts, pre-dependent industry, technology and choices strain, cutting-edge alternatives products and you will a great multitrade citation that will shop purchases to own after and set around 50 purchases at once. More often than not, it will be possible so you can transfer money from your own financial account. Even though some systems will let you do that instantaneously, anyone else wanted step 1-dos business days so you can process the fresh payment. #step one Networks & Products Newbies and you can knowledgeable traders the same are able to find TD Ameritrade’s exchange program and you will depth out of resources as state-of-the-art while you are left user friendly, in addition to a cellular sense that’s better-in-classification. Tastytrade’s platform is also user-friendly adequate for newcomers and also the academic and you will industry articles is difficult to beat, however, only if you plan making options trading your own attention. In the end, when you’lso are happy to take your trading to your most sophisticated system available with use of probably the most international areas definitely, the action supplied by Entertaining Agents are unrivaled. An on-line broker membership are a collection of money and ties for the an on-line change system. After years of very tight battle, Fidelity surpassed Charles Schwab while the all of our greatest representative to own ETFs which year. For example Schwab, Fidelity offers steeped ETF-concentrated educational articles, powerful ETF examination products, and you can an intense pool of ETFs to select from. But it are Fidelity’s fractional show change within the ETFs you to assisted force it more than the top. Your bank account choices boil down so you can a great taxable broker membership in place of tax-favored later years membership, including an enthusiastic IRA. The guide to brokerage profile goes in greater detail on what’s employed in establishing an excellent nonexempt membership. Opening an enthusiastic IRA concerns opting for which type, such as a Roth IRA, old-fashioned IRA or September IRA. You can get commission-free stocks, ETFs, cryptocurrencies and you may fractional shares out of stocks which have as little as $step one. That being said, Personal are a better complement beginners and you can societal people. Although not, rather than of several trading networks, Ally doesn’t offer fractional shares. At the same time, it charges an excellent 0.30% annual advisory fee for its hands-out of robo profiles and requirements a $a hundred minimum to get started. Apart from individual and you may mutual broker accounts, Cutting edge also provides later years accounts and training offers accounts. It also has money government and multiple consultative characteristics, along with electronic and personal advisors. How much cash do i need to unlock an internet brokerage membership? You could also find out if the business might have been employed in people current study breaches. This will help you form a concept of exactly how reputable its security system is. You could view a broker’s records advice and you can registrations playing with look products including the SEC’s Investment Agent Social Revelation and you may FINRA’s BrokerCheck. Such platforms along with let you put multiple-contingent purchases, one-cancels-the-other (OCO) plus one-triggers-a-one-cancels-the-most other (OTOCO) orders. Investors can choose and that system they would like to have fun with such FuturesPlus and you can TSCrypto. To have technical traders and you will investors, TraeStation every day stock study extends back over 50 years. Fidelity also provides 1000s of ETFs, shared fund, and you may fixed-money securities, so it is a good alternative if you’re also searching for a good ETF trading platform. Fidelity is also great for those who’re also attending set up a nest egg for your wonderful ages.

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Official Contest Rules Last Updated: 2021 June 7th THESE RULES ARE THE STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO THE CONTESTS AND GIVEAWAYS (EACH A “CONTEST” AND COLLECTIVELY THE “CONTESTS) ADMINISTERED BY SHUSWAP LAKE TRAVEL HOLDINGS LTD. THE CONTESTS ARE INTENDED TO BE CONDUCTED IN CANADA ONLY AND SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND EVALUATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE APPLICABLE CANADIAN LAW. NO PURCHASE IS NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN A PRIZE. VOID IN WHOLE OR IN PART WHERE PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE CANADIAN LAW. WINNERS WILL BE REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO THE WINNER NOTIFICATION AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS FROM THE SPONSORS (DEFINED BELOW) ACCORDING TO THE NOTICE(S) FROM THE SPONSORS OR THE PRIZE MAY BE FORFEITED (IN SPONSOR’S SOLE DISCRETION). THE WINNER’S INFORMATION MAY BE USED FOR PROMOTIONAL OR MARKETING PURPOSES. BY ENTERING THIS CONTEST, YOU AGREE TO THESE OFFICIAL RULES, WHICH ARE IN FORM OF A BINDING CONTRACT, SO READ THEM CAREFULLY BEFORE ENTERING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THIS INCLUDES INDEMNITIES TO THE SPONSORS FROM YOU AND A LIMITATION OF YOUR RIGHTS AND REMEDIES (THE “CONTEST RULES”). Each contest Participant (“Participant”) agrees to be bound by the following contest guidelines (the “Contest Guidelines”): CONTEST DESCRIPTION: SHUSWAP LAKE TRAVEL HOLDINGS LTD The Contests (the Contest) are sponsored by Shuswap Lake Travel Holdings LTD and its affiliates, subsidiaries, related companies, successors and tends to the managing of related advertising and corresponds with promotional agencies and Contest prize providers (all such entities being individually and collectively referred to hereafter as the “Sponsors”). Promotional agencies and contest prize providers are in no way connected to the management of Travel Sicamous. Each Contest entry period (each a “Contest Period”) shall be posted on “the Short Rules” and/or as indicated on sicamousvacations.ca (the “Contest Website”) after which time the Contest will be closed and no other entries shall be accepted. The Contests are open to Canadian Residents (including, Canadian Citizens, PR Card Holders, and International Students) who are eighteen (18) years of age or older at the time of entry and who hold a valid driver’s license. Employees of the Sponsors, defined above and each of their respective member companies, parent companies, subsidiaries or affiliates or a Sponsors’ wholesaler or retailer (including the wholesalers and retailers themselves), their respective advertising, promotional and fulfillment agencies (collectively the “Released Parties”), members of any such employee’s immediate family (regardless of where such family members live) and persons with whom such employees reside (whether related or not) are ineligible to enter or win. “Immediate family” is defined as (a) spouses or domestic partners and (b) natural, step, foster, in-law or adoptive parents, siblings and children, and their respective spouses and domestic partners. Participants must also have a valid email address to participate. Illegible or incomplete entries will be disqualified. With respect to any potential winning entry, the potential winner may be required to provide proof that he or she is the authorized holder of the email address associated with the entry. “Authorized holder of the email” is defined as the natural person who is assigned to an email address by an Internet access provider, online service provider, or other organization (e.g., business, educational institution, etc.) that is responsible for assigning email addresses for the domain associated with the submitted email address. The Sponsors shall have the right at any time to require proof of identity and/or eligibility to participate in the Contests. Failure to provide such proof may result in disqualification. All personal and other information requested by and supplied to the Sponsors for the purpose of the Contests must be truthful, complete, accurate, and in no way misleading. The Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to disqualify any Participant should such a Participant at any stage supply untruthful, incomplete, inaccurate, or misleading personal details and/or information. In an event of dispute regarding the identity of an individual who actually participated in the Contest cannot be resolved to Sponsor’s satisfaction, the affected individual’s entry shall be deemed ineligible. The Released Parties shall not be responsible for incorrect or inaccurate entry information whether caused by the participant, Internet user or by any of the equipment or programming associated with or utilized in the Contest or by any technical or human error which may occur in the processing of the entries in the Contest. The Released Parties assume no responsibility or liability for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, theft or destruction, or unauthorized access to or alteration of entries. Entries must be received through the method described above by the applicable deadline and in strict accordance with the instructions and restrictions indicated on the website (http://traveltheshuswap.ca/contest-rules/ detailing the contest) and on each individual Contest Rules page. Limit of one (1) entry per person per Contest Period, unless otherwise indicated in the Short Rules. In the case of multiple entries, only the first eligible entry will be considered and the remainder will be void. All entries, including, if applicable, any story and/or photograph submitted in connection with the Contest entry (the “Work”), become the sole property of the Sponsors and will not be returned for any reason. Entries must be received prior to the indicated Contest Period entry deadline. Entries will be declared invalid if they are late, illegible, incomplete, damaged, irregular, mutilated, forged, garbled, or mechanically or electronically reproduced. There may or may not be communication or correspondence exchanged with Participants except with those selected as a potential Contest winner. If Work has been submitted by a Participant in connection with the Contest, each Participant agrees that the Sponsors may post the Work on Sponsor owned or controlled websites, viewing galleries, and/or social media platforms. Each Participant further represents and warrants that: - the Work does not contain any material that is libelous, defamatory, profane, or obscene; - the Work is original and all right, title, and interest (including copyright) therein and thereto is owned and/or controlled by the Participant to the full extent necessary to enable the Sponsors to use the Work as contemplated by these Contest Rules; and - the Work does not infringe upon the intellectual property or other statutory or common law rights of any third party. Entries received online shall be deemed to be submitted by the authorized account holder of the e-mail address, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter account associated with the entry, as applicable. For the purposes of these Contest Rules, “authorized account holder” of an e-mail address, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter account is defined as the natural person who is assigned to an e-mail address, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter account by an Internet access provider, on-line service provider, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter or other organization responsible for assigning e-mail addresses, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter accounts for the domain or account associated with the submitted e-mail address, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter account. Each selected Participant may be required to provide The Sponsors with proof that the selected Participant is the authorized account holder of the e-mail address, Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter account associated with the winning entry. All incidental costs and expenses not specifically referred to herein as part of the prize description (the “Expenses”) are the sole responsibility of the prize winner and/or guest(s), where applicable. All prize elements are subject to availability and substitution. The winner shall not seek reimbursement for the Expenses from the Sponsors. Each Contest prize shall have an approximate retail value between one Canadian dollar (CDN $1.00) and two thousand Canadian dollars (CDN $2,000.00) and shall be announced and described on the Program, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and/or the Contest Website at the beginning of each Contest Period. Winners shall not be entitled to receive the difference between the actual prize value and the approximate prize value. Winners will be contacted by the Sponsors with instructions on how to claim the prize. Prizes must be accepted as awarded and cannot be transferred, assigned, substituted, or redeemed for cash, except at the sole discretion of the Sponsors. Any unused portion of a prize will be forfeited and have no cash value. The Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to substitute a prize of equal or greater value if a prize (or any portion thereof) cannot be awarded for any reason. The Sponsors shall not assume any liability for lost, damaged, or misdirected prizes. In the case of concert or event tickets, if an artist or any of his/her band members are unable to attend the applicable concert or event or a concert or event is canceled for any reason whatsoever, the prize and any prize portions shall be deemed fulfilled and such prize or prize portions will not be substituted, except in the sole discretion of the Sponsors. In the case of gift cards or gift certificates, the terms by which the gift cards or gift certificates may be redeemed are governed by the applicable retailer or service provider. Shuswap Lake Travel Holdings LTD is not responsible for administering or ensuring compliance with the terms and conditions of the gift cards or gift certificates. All travel and transportation costs associated with collecting the prize will be the sole responsibility of each winner. Participants waive the right to assert, as a cost of winning a prize, any and all costs of verification, and any liability and publicity which might arise from claiming or seeking to claim said prize. All prize details not specified in these Official Rules will be determined by Sponsors in their sole discretion. Each winner may be issued applicable tax forms for the actual value of his or her prize. No more than the stated prizes will be awarded. Sponsors will not replace any lost, mutilated, or stolen prize component or any prize component that is undeliverable or does not reach the winner because of an incorrect or changed address. If Sponsors determine at any time in their sole discretion that a winner or potential winner is disqualified, ineligible, or in violation of these Official Rules, Sponsors reserve the right to disqualify that person and may select an alternate winner, even if the disqualified potential winner’s name may have been shown or announced. Sponsors will not have any responsibility for any potential winner’s inability to accept a prize for any reason. If a winner does not accept or use the entire prize, the unaccepted or unused part of the prize will be forfeited and Sponsors will have no further obligation with respect to that prize or portion of the prize. Sponsors reserve the right to substitute any prize or portion thereof with another prize or portion thereof of equal or greater value for any reason, including unavailability of the stated prize. Sponsors further reserve the right to extend or delay delivery of a prize in the event of scarcity due to limited production or unavailability for any other reason. Following the end of the applicable Contest Period, The Sponsors will select one (1) Participant (or more, if applicable, based on the number of prizes available to be won) by a random draw from all eligible entries received during the Contest Period, unless otherwise indicated. Each Participant shall be eligible to win only one (1) prize. The odds of being selected as a potential winner are dependent upon the number of eligible entries received for the Contest. Before being declared a winner, the selected Participant(s) may be required to correctly answer, without assistance of any kind, whether mechanical or otherwise, a time-limited mathematical skill-testing question to be administered during a pre-arranged telephone call or by e-mail, to comply with these Contest Rules and may be required to sign and return the Release (described below). If the selected Participant does not respond within five (5) business days of notification, he/she will be disqualified and will not receive a prize and another Participant may be selected (as determined by The Sponsor in its sole discretion) until such time as a Participant satisfies the terms set out herein. The Sponsors are not responsible for the failure for any reason whatsoever of a selected Participant to receive notification or for the Sponsors to receive a selected Participant’s response. If, as a result of an error relating to the entry process, drawing, or any other aspect of a Contest, there are more selected Participants than contemplated in these Contest Rules, there will be a random draw amongst all eligible prize claimants to award the correct number of prizes. The potential winner will be notified by email (or by another method at the Sponsors’ discretion) using current contact information associated with the information the Participant provided at the time of entering the Contest. The Sponsors or their designated representatives will attempt to notify the potential winner within three (3) business days of the applicable drawing. The Sponsors shall have no liability if a winner notification is lost, intercepted or not received by the potential winner for any reason. If the potential winner does not respond within five (5) business days of the first notification attempt, or if, despite reasonable efforts, the prize notification is returned as unclaimed or undeliverable to the potential winner, the potential winner will be disqualified, will forfeit his or her prize and the next alternative potential winner. If a potential winner is found to be ineligible for any reason, he or she will be disqualified and will not be eligible to receive a prize, and the next alternative potential winner will be chosen. A potential winner must complete and sign the Sponsors’ Declaration and Release Form and present any other documents required by Sponsors (e.g., current valid driver’s license or government ID) (collectively, the “Prize Claim Documents”) in the form provided and/or required by Sponsors without revision in order to be declared a winner. Additionally, before any potential winner of a prize can be declared a winner, subject to the provisions of these Official Contest Rules, he or she must first correctly answer the Sponsors’ mathematical skill-testing question without assistance of any kind, whether electronic, mechanical, or other. This skill-testing question will be contained within the Prize Claim Documents. The executed Prize Claim Documents must be received by the Sponsors or their designated representative in accordance with Sponsors’ instructions within five (5) business days of Sponsors’ sending the Prize Claim Documents to the potential winner (or other time frames as stated in the Prize Claim Documents) along with any other documentation that the Sponsors may require, or the potential winner may be disqualified at the sole discretion of the Sponsors and if this were to occur, the next alternative potential winner will be chosen. Sponsors reserve the right to modify the notification Winners (and if applicable, any guest of the winner) may be required to execute a legal agreement and release (“Release”) that confirms his or her: (i) eligibility for the Contest and compliance with these Official Contest Rules; (ii) acceptance of the prize as offered; (iii) release of the Sponsors, if applicable, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, and each of their respective parent companies, subsidiaries, affiliates and/or related companies and each of their employees, directors, officers, suppliers, agents, administrators, licensees, representatives, advertising, media buying and promotional agencies (collectively, the “Releasees”) from any and all liability for any loss, harm, damages, cost or expense arising out of participation in the Contest, participation in any Contest-related activity or the acceptance, use, or misuse of any prize, including but not limited to costs, injuries, losses related to personal injuries, death, damage to, loss or destruction of property, rights of publicity or privacy, defamation, or portrayal in a false light, or from any and all claims of third parties arising therefrom; and (iv) grant to the Sponsors of the unrestricted right to produce, reproduce, convert, publish, broadcast, communicate by telecommunication, exhibit, distribute, translate, adapt, and otherwise use or re-use the submitted Work, his or her name, image, likeness, comments, voice and/or biography in any and all media now known or hereafter devised in connection with publicity related to the Contest. The executed Release(s) must be returned within two (2) business days of the date indicated on the accompanying letter of notification or verification as a winner, or the selected individual(s) will be disqualified and any rights he or she may have to the prize will be forfeited. INDEMNIFICATION BY PARTICIPANT By entering a Contest, each Participant releases and holds the Releasees harmless from any and all liability for any injuries, loss, or damage of any kind to the Participants or any other person, including personal injury, death, or property damage, resulting in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, from acceptance, possession, use or misuse of any prize, participation in the Contest, any breach of the Contest Rules, or in any prize-related activity. Each Participant agrees to fully indemnify Releasees from any and all claims by third parties relating to the Contest, without limitation. By providing the Work to the Sponsors in connection with the Contest (if applicable), each Participant shall retain all right, title, and interest (including copyright) in and to the Work, and shall grant to the Sponsors a worldwide, gratuitous, irrevocable, and exclusive license to copy, use, modify, reproduce, display, adapt and transmit the Work for use in all media now known or hereafter devised in perpetuity beginning on the date of entry, including, but not limited to, in connection with the administration, promotion, and exploitation of the Contest. The Participant hereby confirms that the Work is an original work, solely created by the Participant and that no third party participated as an author, co-author, photographer, or otherwise in the creation of the Work or any part thereof. The Sponsors assume no responsibility for any claims of infringement of rights to copyright, privacy, and/or personality, and all such liability shall remain with the Participant. In addition, each Participant represents to Sponsors that the Work does not infringe any copyright interest of any third party and that the Work is not defamatory or obscene and does not violate any laws relating to hate speech or otherwise. Sponsors reserve the right to exclude any Work on the basis of concerns relating to the rights of third parties, including but not limited to privacy, copyright, defamation, rights of personality, obscenity, or hate speech, as determined by Sponsors in their sole discretion. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The Sponsors assume no responsibility or liability for lost, late, unintelligible/illegible, falsified, damaged, misdirected or incomplete entries, notifications, responses, replies or any Release, or for any computer, online, software, telephone, hardware or technical malfunctions that may occur, including but not limited to malfunctions that may affect the transmission or non-transmission of an entry. The Sponsors are not responsible for any incorrect or inaccurate information, whether caused by website users or by any of the equipment or programming associated with or utilized in the Contest or by any technical or human error which may occur in the administration of the Contest. The Sponsors assume no responsibility for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications line failure, theft or destruction or unauthorized access to, or alteration of, entries. The Sponsors are not responsible for any problems, failures or technical malfunction of any telephone network or lines, computer online systems, servers, providers, computer equipment, software, e-mail, players, or browsers, on account of technical problems or traffic congestion on the Internet, at any website, or on account of any combination of the foregoing or otherwise. The Sponsors are not responsible for any injury or damage to any Participant or to any computer related to or resulting from participating or downloading materials related to the Contest. Participant assumes liability for injuries caused or claimed to be caused by participating in the Contest, or by the acceptance, possession, use of, or failure to receive any prize. The Sponsors assume no responsibility or liability in the event that the Contest cannot be conducted as planned for any reason, including those reasons beyond the control of the Sponsors, such as infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, fraud, technical failures, or corruption of the administration, security, fairness, integrity or proper conduct of the Contest and/or the Contest Website. By participating in a Contest, each Participant agrees to be bound by the short rules and the Contest Rules. Participants further agree to be bound by the decisions of the Sponsors, which shall be final and binding in all respects. The Sponsors reserve the right, in their sole discretion, to disqualify any Participant found to be: (a) violating the Contest Rules; (b) tampering or attempting to tamper with the entry process or the operation of the Contest, the Contest Website, or any related promotional website; (c) violating the terms of service, conditions of use and/or general rules or guidelines of any the Sponsor’s property or service; and/or (d) acting in an unsportsmanlike or disruptive manner, or with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten or harass any other person. CAUTION: ANY ATTEMPT TO DELIBERATELY DAMAGE THE CONTEST WEBSITE OR ANY RELATED WEBSITE OR UNDERMINE THE LEGITIMATE OPERATION OF THE CONTEST MAY BE A VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAWS. SHOULD SUCH AN ATTEMPT BE MADE, THE SPONSORS RESERVE THE RIGHT TO SEEK REMEDIES AND DAMAGES TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CRIMINAL PROSECUTION. If applicable, winners (and guests, if applicable) must at all times behave appropriately when taking part in the prize and observe the Contest Rules and any other rules or regulations in force at any prize-related locations. The Sponsors reserve the right to remove from any prize-related locations, any winner and/or guest who breaks such rules and/or fails to behave appropriately and to disqualify such winner and/or guest. In the event of any discrepancy or inconsistency between the terms and conditions of the Contest Rules and disclosures or other statements contained in any Contest-related materials, including but not limited to the Contest entry form, or point of sale, television, print or online advertising, the terms and conditions of the Contest Rules shall prevail, govern and control. This Contest is in no way sponsored, endorsed, or administered by any social media platforms on which the Contest may have been promoted and/or publicized, including but not limited to Facebook, Instagram and/or Twitter. Any personal information provided in connection with the Contest is being provided to Shuswap Lake Travel Holdings LTD and not to Facebook and/or Twitter. Any questions or comments regarding a Contest must be directed to Shuswap Lake Travel Holdings LTD via email at [email protected] and not to any of the social media platforms on which the Contest may have been advertised or administered. GOVERNING LAW/ DISPUTES These are the official Contest Rules. The Contests are subject to applicable federal, provincial, and municipal laws and regulations. The Contest Rules are subject to change without notice in order to comply with any applicable federal, provincial and municipal laws or the policy of any other entity having jurisdiction over the Sponsors and/or the Contests. All disputes, issues, and questions concerning the construction, validity, interpretation, and enforceability of these Official Contest Rules, or the rights and obligations of Participants or Sponsors in connection with the Contest, shall be governed by the Province of Alberta and federal laws of Canada, applicable therein, and such Participants shall irrevocable submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the City of Calgary, Alberta, in respect of claim or matter arising under or in connection with the Contest or these Official Contest Rules, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules, or provisions that would cause the application of any other province or jurisdiction. Except where prohibited by law, as a condition of participating in the Contest, each Participant agrees that any and all disputes that cannot be resolved between Participant and any Released Party and any claims or causes of action arising out of or connected with this Contest, any prize awarded or the determination of any winner, must be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action. Further, in any such dispute, under no circumstances will Participant be permitted or entitled to obtain awards for, and hereby waives all rights to claim punitive, incidental, or consequential damages, and Participant further waives all rights to have damages multiplied or increased. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE PRECEDING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO ALL PARTICIPANTS WHERE PROHIBITED BY LAW PRIVACY / USE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION. Personal information collected from Participants will be used by the Released Parties to administer and fulfill the Sweepstakes prizes and, if consent is given, to provide the Participants with information regarding promotions and/or events from the Sponsors and Released Parties. If a Participant elected to receive marketing communications from the Sponsors, any such Participant can opt out at any time by following the unsubscribe instructions at the bottom of any email received from Sponsors. By participating in the Contest, each Participant: - grants to the Sponsors the right to use his/her personal information provided when he/she enters the Contest and the Work (if applicable) (collectively the “Personal Information”) for the purpose of administering the Contest, including but not limited to contacting and announcing the winners and coordinating the provision of the Contest prize; - grants to the Sponsors the right to use his/her Personal Information for publicity and promotional purposes relating to the Contest in any and all media without further compensation unless prohibited by law; and - acknowledges that the Sponsors may disclose his/her Personal Information to third-party agents and service providers of the Sponsors in connection with any of the activities listed in (i) and/or (ii) above. All intellectual property, including but not limited to trademarks, trade names, logos, designs, promotional materials, web pages, source code, drawings, illustrations, slogans, and representations are owned by the Sponsors and/or their affiliates. All rights are reserved. Unauthorized copying or use of any copyrighted material or intellectual property without the express written consent of its owner is strictly prohibited. Shuswap Lake Travel Holdings LTD reserves the right, in their sole discretion, to terminate any Contest, in whole or in part, and/or modify, amend or suspend a Contest, and/or the Contest Rules in any way, at any time, for any reason without prior notice.

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Disclaimer: This article contains affiliate links to products. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. When it comes to erectile dysfunction, one of the main causes of this issue is lack of blood flow to your penis. Having an issue with getting hard erections to please yourself and the one you’re with can damage your self-worth and cause other strains on the relationship. That’s why today, in this article, we’re focusing on how to increase blood flow to your penis, naturally. These tips and supplements will help you get your sexual health in tip top shape so that you can have longer lasting relations with your intimate partner. Recommended Products to Increase Blood Flow to Your Penis Elm & Rye Performance Enhancer Penguin CBD Oil Everest Full Spectrum Oil Planet Delta Gummies UMZU REDWOOD Nitric Oxide & Circulatory Support Innosups Supercharged Male Stack NPB Natures Pure Blend Nitric Oxide Flow According some data, at least 40 percent of men end up dealing with some form of erectile dysfunction by age 40. This means that more and more men by the age of 40 are experiencing a decline in their ability to get an erection. While there are many causes for erectile dysfunction, one of the biggest causes is a reduction in blood flow to your penis. This is something that can occur from age, health conditions such as diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure. Most men with erectile dysfunction do have some lowered ability for blood to flow to their penis for a hard erection. Generally speaking most healthy erections are mostly due to blood flow. While yes, there are some chemical reactions and other conditions that help that blood flow occur, the reality is that an erection is simply put, a bunch of blood being pushed to your penis so that you now have a hard erection. This erection is then often associated with being attracted to a person and then you have intimate relations. This is how men of all ages end up with a healthy sexual appetite and healthy sex life. With that being said, when blood stops flowing as well to the penis, you’ll have a reduction in the erection and then an issue with having any sexual relationships at all. What we suggest is to review our offerings on tactics and supplements to learn how to increase blood flow to your penis, naturally and then have a visit with your doctor to ensure the options make sense for your current health status. Make Changes to What You Eat As most of you may know, what you eat every day can impact so much of your health and bodily function. Not only that, but high unhealthy fat foods tend to make your mind less motivated to do the work necessary to get healthier. This is why we wanted to put make changes to what you eat at the top of our list of things that can help you learn how to increase blood flow to your penis. The foods you eat play a significant role in your blood flow all over your body. Eating healthier foods, such as the ones we’re sharing below will help you increase blood flow in the body which will include increasing blood flow to your penis. If you want to get the blood flowing, then consider adding the following to your daily diet: Much research is out there to show the results of using cinnamon in your daily diet to increase blood flow. Researchers have found that two organic acid compounds in cinnamon are to thank for the nitric oxide produced by cinnamon. The animal subjects studied in cinnamon research were found to have an increase in nitric oxide and a reduction in vascular tension. This is by far one of the most recommended options to increase blood flow to your penis, naturally. Garlic has been able to help patients with coronary artery disease and improvement in endothelial function, which relaxes the arteries and increases blood flow throughout your whole body. Now, we’re not just talking about any kind of fish, no! The fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids are the way to go. Options for this include salmon, sardines, mackerel, and lake trout as well as canned tuna. Eating fish that’s rich in omega-3 fatty acids will not only help with improving blood flow but it will help you in other areas in life, such as brain health and heart health, too! Another option to add into your daily diet is onions. These can help dilate your arteries so that you have improved cardiovascular health. This means that males how eat more onions are able to have better heart health and in turn naturally increase blood flow to their penis. Options like lemons, oranges, grapefruits and other similar citrus fruits are the perfect choices to get the blood flowing more regularly. These fruits contain flavonoids which have been linked to better blood flow and improved heart health. Much like onions and citrus fruits, dark chocolate is good for you! Now, we’re not talking about the low cacao percentage dark chocolate bars that you may find at the checkout lane in a local grocery store. The dark chocolate you want is going to have higher levels of cacao in it. You’ll typically want at least 70 percent, but check the baking aisle to get your hands on higher percentages of cacao in dark chocolate. This dark chocolate has been proven time and time again to be very impactful when it comes to increasing blood flow. Another way to get the nutrients you need to increase blood flow to your penis is eating beets, spinach, and collard greens. These are rich in nitrates so they will cover to nitric oxide by your body and help increase blood flow throughout your body, thus improving overall heart health. Another food that’s good to enjoy as a means to get blood flowing, is walnuts and almonds. These are rich in iron and magnesium, which helps improve blood flow throughout the body, including increasing blood flow to your penis. Red Hot Peppers These spicy peppers contain capsaicin and that improves blood flow quickly. Not only do red hot peppers help you but other spicy foods are great at getting the blood flowing all through your body, including down to your penis for maximum erections. Much like red hot peppers, turmeric is a healthy option for middle aged men and postmenopausal women. It helps increase blood flow so that you can have better heart health and maximum sexual health in older age. Just sneak some of this into your favorite recipes. Finally, it’s important that you keep your body hydrated. When you allow your body to get dehydrated, there’s a higher risk of developing health problems, but it also reduces your body’s ability to push blood throughout the body. The last thing you want is erectile dysfunction symptoms from something as simple as not drinking enough water. Use a water bottle to track your daily water consumption once you’ve found a water intake calendar online to determine how much water you need to drink daily for proper hydration. Foods to Remove or Reduce From Your Diet Now that you know more about the foods you should include in your diet when you’re trying to learn how to increase blood flow to your penis, naturally it’s time to share some of the foods that you should reduce or remove from your everyday eating habits. Salty foods can increase the sodium in your bloodstream which then causes blood pressure to increase. This will damage your arteries thus causing an issue with blood flow, including blood flow to your penis. Eating food that’s low in salt, and not adding salt to your meals will help significantly improve your heart health which impacts the ability to reverse minimal erectile dysfunction symptoms. While you probably realize that sugar does not directly impact your blood pressure in the way that salt does, overeating sugary foods can increase the risk of diabetes. This means that your blood flow will get damaged from the onset of diabetes and thus create an issue with blood flow to the penis. Last, but not least, it’s imperative to remove trans fats from your diet. Check the nutrition facts label on each of the foods you consume. This will better help you adjust from eating the high in trans fat foods, to healthier fats and foods without trans fats. Trans fat has been known to increase LDL cholesterol which creates issues with the smaller blood vessels. Get Your Weight to a Healthy Level Another topic to discuss when it comes to learning how to increase blood flow to your penis is obesity. Being overweight causes a lot of the health conditions we noted above that can reduce blood flow throughout your body, including down to your penis. We’re not saying that being overweight is directly the cause for ED, but it is the culprit for many other heart related conditions that causes issues with blood flow throughout your body. Try to develop a healthy exercise routine so that you can drop the pounds in a healthy manner. Not only will exercise help you reduce the weight so that you can increase blood flow to the penis bit it will help improve your mood and overall wellbeing. This means that you’ll feel great and want to have sex more often with the one you love. Reduce or Remove Alcohol and Nicotine Nicotine entering your system, no matter the method of using nicotine, can cause adverse effects on the body. Your heart will begin to beat faster, your blood pressure will increase, and in turn the arteries will start to constrict so that less blood flows through the body. Alcohol may not always reduce the blood flow like nicotine does, but when consumed in large doses, it does impact your overall heart health. This can impact your sexual performance so that you no longer have a healthy sex life. For maximum blood flow and the best sexual health, it’s best that you either remove or reduce these two habits in your life. Limit Exposure to Stress Here’s another fun tip to help increase blood flow to your penis: limit how much stress you get exposure to daily. When you start to feel stressed out, your body will create hormones that often lead to high blood pressure and a reduction in blood flow throughout the body. This means that you’ll find stress creates erectile dysfunction symptoms pretty quickly. While we know most of you are living in high stress situations these days, it doesn’t have to be an everyday occurrence. Make note of what causes stress in your life and then, only then, can you work towards limiting your exposure to what you allow in the everyday life. Now that you know more about what to do in regards to diet and lifestyle changes, let’s chat more about the top supplements on the market that will help you increase blood flow to your penis: Image courtesy Elm & Rye Elm & Rye Performance Enhancer is a dietary supplement that is designed to improve your sexual performance. It contains a blend of all-natural ingredients that are clinically proven to help improve sexual function and stamina. This supplement is taken daily to help you with overall sexual health and performance. You’ll love the natural ingredients that include things like tongkat ali, muira puama, l-arginine, ginseng, and others that help to increase blood flow to your penis, naturally. Muira puama is a bush that naturally grows in the Amazon region. The wood and root are used to make various medicines for the locals. Traditionally this ingredient is used for increasing sexual desire in healthy people, improving issues with menstrual disorders, and helping with joint pain. This supplement is sent to a third party for evaluation on proper use and quality ingredients. The lab results from this third party are then shared online on Elm & Rye’s website for the general public to see. Image courtesy Penguin CBD Penguin CBD oil, which is produced with the highest quality Oregon grown hemp, is a health and wellness supplement that can help you feel better. Each batch is created from a refined broad-spectrum extract. Feel free to pick from fan-favorites such as mint, citrus, natural strawberry, or cookies & cream flavor options. The wide-spectrum oil comes in four potencies (250 mg, 600 mg, 1000 mg, and 2500 mg) and it’s always made to order. That ensures that when you purchase CBD oil from Penguin, it will be fresh at your doorstep every time. Their hemp is organically cultivated on farms in Oregon, where they take great care in nurturing the plants without the use of pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. They only utilize sustainable and ecologically responsible farming techniques. Image courtesy Everest Everest’s full-spectrum CBD oil, like their delta 8 THC products, is non-GMO and vegan-friendly. One 30 mL bottle contains 750 mg of CBD and 60 mg of THC. Each 1 mL dose delivers 25 mg CBD and 2 mg THC. Blueberry is the only flavor available, but you’ll love it. These oils have been third-party lab tested as well. Cannabinoids are extracted from cannabis plants that have been grown without the use of pesticides or herbicides. Hemp oil, MCT oil, and natural flavorings are other components. Everest’s CBD oil is a great choice for those who are looking to get the most out of their CBD and THC. 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BEGOTTEN: A Disturbing Online Music Mystery Part III BEGOTTEN: A DISTURBING ONLINE MUSIC MYSTERY PART III In 2017, a series of limited conversations between an unknown music producer and a record label owner would lead to the upload of six disturbing albums, each including their own unique set of tragic poems, blocks of confusing Chinese texts, mysterious music videos and paragraphs that recite the label owners experience with this unknown music producer, a producer with a worrisome story that seemed to get all the more real as time went by. This notorious producer is known as b e g o t t e n 自杀, and as we’ve learned in Part 1 and Part 2, the first four releases from b e g o t t e n 自杀, and the mysterious events between them and the label owner who gave their releases a home, Dennis of Geometric Lullaby, are...pretty interesting…to put it lightly. In a span of seven months, Dennis released the first four albums b e g o t t e n 自杀 sent to him on Geometric Lullaby. With each upload onto Bandcamp, Dennis would go into detail about his experiences and communications between himself and the unidentifiable producer at that time. I expect you’ve already checked out the first two parts of this series, so I don’t find it necessary to go over everything again, plus I know you want to get right to the big question: who is b e g o t t e n 自杀? I’ve been along this journey with you as well as I’ve made sure to keep myself from reading the full story until I fully finished creating Parts 1 through 3. I thought doing so would be more of a genuine way to go about documenting the story of b e g o t t e n 自杀 over time, plus it would be more fun for me as well. It’s been giving me something to look forward to with each installment, so trust me...I am so beyond excited to finally crack this case and hopefully get to the bottom of it all as well. The b e g o t t e n 自杀 Halloween Mixtape [October 14th, 2019 / GEO - SP10] So before we get into the 5th and 6th albums, the two final releases from the b e g o t t e n 自杀 series and what ended up happening in the saga of events between b e g o t t e n 自杀 and Dennis, I think it would be really fun to talk about this thing: the b e g o t t e n 自杀 - (Halloween Mixtape) Not only would it be fun to talk about, but it’s also pretty important. b e g o t t e n 自杀 , and the story of b e g o t t e n 自杀 , has become sort of legend in the Vaporwave scene...there is no doubt about that. With all of the mysterious uploads Bandcamp has for us waiting to discover, the b e g o t t e n 自杀 releases are easily some of the most interesting and darkest material to dive into and the b e g o t t e n 自杀 - (Halloween Mixtape) showcases the fascination not only from the fans, but from fellow artists and producers as well. This thing is massive...20 tracks from some serious heavy hitters: Hantasi, 猫 シ Corp., MindSpring Memories, desert sand feels warm at night, just to name a small handful. And some of these tracks are hella long, MindSpring Memories remix of (invisible) - 无形 clocking in at over 10 minutes and 異星人’s remix of (love) - 真愛 hits the 12 minute mark. What also makes this mixtape so much fun and such an incredible service to b e g o t t e n 自杀 is that each artist brings their own flair and signature sound to the table, but at the same time they still pay respects to that b e g o t t e n 自杀 mood. Signalwave legend S p o r t 3 0 0 0 and his jolting take on (longing) - 渴望 brings in an element of experimental and space-exploration-esque synth work, all while still laying it on top of that classic, ominous b e g o t t e n 自杀 drone. We even have the thunder from down under, A Future Funk titan: TUPPERWAVE is even on this thing, giving (aquamarine) - 蓝晶 a sort lo-fi hip hop treatment. He keeps the entire track feeling like it’s submerged in this sink full of ice cold water, a well done little tune and gives a great take on the b e g o t t e n 自杀 sound in just over a minutes worth of your time. And w i n t e r q u i l t 愛が止ま’s remix of (ghost) - 鬼白 ?! I ain’t even gonna say anything…I’ll just let you listen to that one for yourself. Dennis also got in on the fun as well, providing mastering for a handful of the tracks on here. The mixtape dropped seven months after the final release in the b e g o t t e n 自杀 series (new aura) - 新时代 (which we will obviously get to in just a bit, get ya seatbelts on!) and this mixtape was the perfect treat for the Halloween season in October of 2019. The album dropped alongside that mouthwatering Ghoul and Ghost box set, a limited collector's edition release dropped by Geometric Lullaby that contains every b e g o t t e n 自杀 album, including the Halloween mixtape, and was such a delightful way to pay homage to the entirety of the b e g o t t e n 自杀 story. But now, it’s finally time to return back to where we left off. Let’s rewind it back a year earlier: October of 2018. b e g o t t e n 自杀’s 4th album, (happy anniversary) - 周年快乐, had just made its way onto the Geometric Lullaby catalogue, and around this time, the relationship between b e g o t t e n 自杀 and Dennis almost seemed sort of finalized… but was it really though? Before that 4th release, just to quickly recap, Dennis had finally received an email from b e g o t t e n 自杀 after such a long time of hearing nothing back from them at all. Dennis wondered if they were seeing the albums on Geometric Lullaby, the reception and how the albums quickly formed a cult following. Dennis had no feedback from b e g o t t e n 自杀, which was unfortunate to him because all he wanted to know was what they thought of the releases. The email Dennis received at the time of the 4th upload was short and simple: "Thank you. I am still alive. I am okay for now." Short, simple, sweet, and just enough to crack a smile on Dennis’ face. Despite its seemingly conclusive nature, Dennis wanted to take a couple of weeks to figure out how he wanted to respond and how he wanted to say it. He promised those who visited the Bandcamp page for (happy anniversary) - 周年快乐 that he would keep them updated on the situation. b e g o t t e n 自杀’s 5th album: (forgive and forget) - 原谅和忘记 [December 24th, 2018 / GEO - 025] Forgive and forget stands out to me for many reasons. I would say that this is the most melodic and romantic sounding of the begotten series. It uses mostly a different language so the words themselves are impossible for me to understand, but the sound of the music does all of the work with this one. Somehow, Begotten still manages that eerie feeling, a pit in your stomach, just a seed of something...off as you listen to this record. Dennis of Geometric Lullaby After b e g o t t e n 自杀 had thanked Dennis in his quick email, Dennis was very grateful to at least hear anything at all. After a couple of weeks, Dennis emailed b e g o t t e n 自杀 back and thanked them for the submission and their music. He explained that people were enjoying the releases and that they, b e g o t t e n 自杀, should be proud. The email back would spring up a conversation. While Dennis was not given any details about this person's whereabouts or who they actually were, they began describing to him the intense mental illness that they lived with. Dennis notes on his Bandcamp that he actually holds a degree in psychology, so he understood plenty of what they explained. But something (like most things involving this artist) seemed odd. As Dennis would receive more emails, he was starting to get a feeling that he was not actually speaking with b e g o t t e n 自杀 directly. It seemed as if he was messaging someone who spoke for them. A caretaker perhaps? They spoke as though they'd studied the human psyche in depth and really knew the deepest feelings of b e g o t t e n 自杀…but it just wasn't them. All of this was happening after the 4th release obviously and before the 5th release was put out on Geometric Lullaby. Dennis was in Europe at the time with his band on tour through Germany, admitting he was a bit distracted at the time due to the shows. A bit of time would pass without Dennis answering b e g o t t e n 自杀 (due to lack of WIFI and general busy-ness) and when he figured out how he would ask if it was someone speaking on b e g o t t e n 自杀’s behalf... He received one of the most disturbing emails yet. For the sake of discretion, I am leaving it up to you if you would like to see the text of that email. On the Bandcamp page for (forgive and forget) - 原谅和忘记, that email is there, just be advised it is pretty morbid. Along with this email, however, there was also an attachment labeled "me" It was a video. Dennis has yet to figure out what the video means, who it is, or what is going on in it. He uploaded the video to YouTube as an unlisted link through his Bandcamp page. If you click the link there, you will be able to check it out. Dennis wasn’t sure if what was attached was some staged, fake video. Was it taken from a movie or tv show or even another YouTube video? He asks that if anyone recognizes it, let him know. The sound is unrecognizable, as is the individual in the video. With this latest, intense email from b e g o t t e n 自杀, Dennis was once again going to take some time to figure out his next move. As time had past since (happy anniversary) - 周年快乐, Dennis thought now would be a good time to release the next album in the lineup given to him from the original b e g o t t e n 自杀 email as he once again found himself in a situation of email chess. Released on Christmas Eve, (forgive and forget) - 原谅和忘记 would be Geometric Lullaby’s last gift for 2018. The release would contain nine tracks that all begin with “un” (except the bonus track). 1. (unprepared) - 措手不及 2. (unraveling) - 解开 3. (understanding) - 理解 4. (unfortunate) - 不幸的 5. (unending) - 无止境 6. (unconditional) - 无条件的 7. (undeserving) - 不值得 8. (unless...) - 除非… 9. (bonus track) - 同情 This is one of my favorite b e g o t t e n 自杀 releases, an extremely emotional blend of wonderful vocal sample selections melted with a heavy pouring of warm production on top. That smoky b e g o t t e n 自杀 texture is at an all time high on here, the reverb and fogginess that lays over track 3, (understanding) - 理解, is like hot fudge melting through sweet vanilla ice cream. Track number seven, (undeserving) - 不值得, features the pendulum of a beautifully tragic crying vocal loop on one side with a lonely and distant horn sample on the other. And in the middle? An ice cold blast of trap percussion, that heavy hitting hi hat frenzy is a brilliant surprise and provides some stellar contrast to the lost mood in the majority of the track. I think “lost” is a good word to describe this album, it feels as if you’re in a virtual world of wireframe-filled hallways. Everything is black besides the thin purple lines that make up all of the wireframes. Track number five is a great example of this, (unending) - 无止境, that constant echo effect used on the claps and other instrumentals really feel as if this thing is large and, like the name of the track, never ending. Unlike most releases that b e g o t t e n 自杀 sent over in that original email, (forgive and forget) - 原谅和忘记 would only feature one music video instead of the usual two. This music video came with track six, (unconditional) - 无条件的. And, who would’ve guessed it, more skeletons. This time though, maybe the cruddiest quality footage yet, the barely visible and barely working video is more like a collection of photos instead of a smooth flowing video. We’re simply given a skeleton dancing around, breaking down and building itself back up, all before breaking down one last time before the video ends. Here was the poem given with this release: Can I recognize feelings? Can I sense that they're there? Has all gone to numbness? In place of despair? I can ask for forgiveness But I know it will never come I can wait until you forget But there's no ridding of what's been done A quote was also given along with the poem that read: Tell me why... As with all of the other albums, a series of Chinese text was also sent along with (forgive and forget) - 原谅和忘记. The album’s sound is in pretty heavy contrast compared to the vibes of the track list, poems, Chinese texts, and messages at the time from b e g o t t e n 自杀 (or as Dennis believed, a person talking on their behalf). I kind of see the whole thing as putting on a face, while on the inside you can feel completely different. It’s something we’ve seen come up time and time again with cases of severe mental illness, a person seeming happy and friendly on the outside while something is eating away at them on the inside. The album hides away it’s thoughts and feelings through sound. The music given to us from b e g o t t e n 自杀 is a mask. b e g o t t e n 自杀’s final album: (new aura) - 新时代 [March 25th, 2019 / GEO - 030] A void is all that's left No sanity to be found I've lost my mind in the process I can't distinguish any sounds When there's nothing to live for And you truly are at your last You hate yourself thoroughly Solely dwell on the past A new you starts emerging Something different, something clean Something desperate for anything Other than a dream But dreams are what I have They beckon me with demand Let's hope my dreams never come true For if they do, you'll know exactly who I am." This was the last and final poem sent to Dennis from b e g o t t e n 自杀, this of course coming along with the 6th album: (new aura) - 新时代. I knew this time would come. I had been waiting for it ever since releasing the very first begotten cassette, and I must say, it is bittersweet. I am honored be have been chosen by this artist to present their work to the world. I am glad that so many have listened and enjoyed what they've created. While I know it is not for everyone, I personally find each album as something special. But you probably already know that by now. Dennis of Geometric Lullaby (new aura) - 新时代 may be the most experimental release of the saga, and it seems fitting as this chaotic journey only seemed to get more and more bizarre along the way. It’s as if the mask from the fifth album was ripped off and b e g o t t e n 自杀’s thoughts, feelings and emotions scattered into a thousand different directions, with no destination in sight. The album pushes far the abstract and spacious sounds of darkness. (new aura) - 新时代 plays with texture even more than the others, tracks like (distill) - 蒸馏 are straight up broken. Take the echo effects of the track we mentioned in the previous album, (unending) - 无止境, and turn it up to a hundred. Everything is crumbling...instrumentals stepping on top of one another...a stampede of muddy sounds. However, towards the end, the only thing we are left with that is tangible is that eerie, unsettling howling that’s laid over the congested mess of sounds. We see the same thing with track number ten, (connectivity) - 连接, which all feels like a Missingno. Version of a Mallsoft track, but once again that horrifying vocal comes back in to remind us of b e g o t t e n 自杀’s world. It’s kind of like the same thing that happened in The Caretaker’s Everywhere at the End of Time, the final album in that series being the most broken and decayed release yet. Also, both projects have six releases in them…Kind of interesting to note. To Dennis, (new aura) - 新时代 gives him feelings of other-worldliness, caverns, alien-like vibes, and pure insanity. The album feels like an emotion we can’t fathom, only something that the set, specific person it’s coming from, would understand. The album is one of the longer releases in the b e g o t t e n 自杀 catalogue, 14 tracks which clock in at just under a half an hour. Here was the Chinese text that was provided by b e g o t t e n 自杀 for this release: 死亡是不可避免的 - 目前至少是因为随着年龄的增长， 构成我们身体的细胞失去了自我修复的能力， 使我们容易受到心血管疾病和其他与年龄相关的大约三分之二的病症 的伤害。 When translated, we find a detailed discussion on death, which leads into human transformation. It is also a bit confusing towards the end, which I’m sure is just Google Translate being Google Translate. This time however, no music videos were given at all. When I saw that there was none for the first time, I was a bit surprised. With a handful of videos in previous album releases, I was pretty sure there would be at least one that may answer some questions or give some closure to everything we’ve been through with b e g o t t e n 自杀. But nope, just 14 tracks. I think this was a good move though and kind of wraps up with the ending of the whole Dennis / b e g o t t e n 自杀 saga quite well… Upon the release of (new aura) - 新时代, Dennis was saddened that this would be the final piece. He knew not whether the world would ever see another album from begotten, but he did not want to dwell on it being over. Dennis would’ve rather dwelled on the emotion and satisfaction that this music would provide. If you remember when Dennis released the 4th album, he stated that he had actually received another email from b e g o t t e n 自杀 thanking him for doing their releases. At the time, he couldn't think of what he wanted to say in return, and Dennis admits on the Bandcamp page for (new aura) - 新时代 that he kind of just rushed a reply in the end asking who they were and some other personal questions. It wasn't until several weeks later after all of the emails that he received an answer to his questions. It read: "Do you really want to know who I am?" At first, Dennis was a little mad at this response: Why would I ask if I wasn't sure that I wanted to know who they were? But when I opened a reply email and began to type, I stopped myself. Did I really want to know? Would I be able to appreciate the music all the same if I knew the name of the person behind it all? Would it change anything? Dennis of Geometric Lullaby Dennis would take a few days to consider this, he knew he did not want to rush it. Whoever b e g o t t e n 自杀 was, they had trusted him with their expression. They had trusted him with their art. Dennis recalls saying: Would it be disrespectful to say that, yes, in fact, I really wanted to know who they were? These things weighed heavily on my mind and I started to feel anxious about the entire situation. I stopped eating. I started sleeping longer each day and I began to have vivid dreams. It was impossible to tell how connected (or not) that all of this was to b e g o t t e n 自杀. Dennis of Geometric Lullaby In the end, after countless hours of balancing options in his head like placing coins on the plates of a scale, Dennis had finally come to a decision. He opened up an email with confidence and hit reply. In the body of the email, he simply wrote: "You are begotten and that is all that matters to me. Thank you for trusting me." He hit send and smiled. He then played the entire discography from beginning to end, closing his eyes and allowing it all to take him away. Dennis no longer checked his email, constantly refreshing in hopes of a message. He had finally found the closure he had been looking for. It was never about the person behind the music, but the feeling, emotion, and atmosphere. It was about the realms to which it brought him, allowing Dennis to escape his own life, if even for a moment. he could finally fully enjoy what he had been given. Dennis was finally at peace. The tale of b e g o t t e n 自杀, and Dennis’ experience with the producer, is a tale we all go through in this day and age with music. I know for myself and many others who are heavily involved in the Vaporwave scene and community, there is a lot of music we love and adore from people we simply do not know. As our scene in particular has gotten closer in these past couple of years, with live shows and online shows and what not, there was a time when everything was a bit more unknown. Artists’ and aliases being able to paint even more vivid imaginations in your head of who they were and what they were all about. It’s easy to fall in love with narratives given with albums, artwork that helps you get to that set place and time the album seems like it would be in. But beyond the stories, beyond the settings, the most important thing will always be the music, the sounds, which can always be experienced bare of any context. Nothing crazy happened in the end between Dennis and b e g o t t e n 自杀, Dennis was given this package of digital albums and just did what he thought was best with them. He never was able to find out if everything was a hoax or if this person was who they seemed to be. And in the end, he had the option to potentially figure it all out, but to Dennis, the music just seemed to be more important. Plain and simple. Today, b e g o t t e n 自杀 is still listened to by many throughout the internet, some claiming the mysterious producer to be their favorite Vaporwave artist of all time. But, what about our question: is b e g o t t e n 自杀 real? Fake? Is Dennis b e g o t t e n 自杀? You know what, I’ll let you do your own digging on that one. Sometimes a mystery is best kept a mystery, but as always, it’s always up to you, my friend. Although I really do wonder…who was in that car in the graveyard? If you haven’t listened to the b e g o t t e n 自杀 releases yet, I highly recommend doing so, the music is so rich with or without the pairing of the b e g o t t e n 自杀 story. Thank you for joining me on this wild ride, and until next time… Also known as "Youtube's Vaporwave Valedictorian", Pad Chennington is a content creator who has created a substantial following on YouTube for his videos discussing all things Vaporwave. Starting in the Fall of 2017, Pad's videos range from reviews to breakdowns, interviews to unboxings, and much more, always revolving around odd and interesting music genres found throughout the internet. Pad has also recently released an album in February titled "CONTRAST", available as a free download via the My Pet Flamingo label.

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The culmination of Naythan's painful nightmares and fitful sleepless night was the loud banging of a pair of pans outside his tent and Galdorin's deep voice hollering at the entrance. "Get up human, or you'll miss breakfast! The dryad's already up, while your still in your bedroll!" Naythan groaned at the pounding noise ringing through his head, "God almighty what time is it?" "It's just about coming up to dawn, we want to be getting out of here in the next half hour or so to get a good start, so get up, wash, change, eat and pack up so we can leave." "All that in thirty minutes!" Naythan cried "Aye. plenty of time. thought I'd give the two of you an easy start as your new to life on the road, but I'm not going to keep it up for long." With that Galdorin pulled the flap back down and sauntered off. "An easy start!" Naythan cried after him, "I'm the one who suppresses magic not the one who casts it!" He called after the Nanir, but Galdorin had moved on, either not hearing him, or not caring. Likely the latter given the previous night's altercation. Naythan shuddered at the thought. Then with a deep, tired sigh, he threw the cloak he'd been using as a blanket off of himself. Thankfully the previous nights drama had meant that he had fallen asleep with his clothes on and his white and blue shirt and trousers still looked in decent condition. So he decided to forgo the wash and head straight for breakfast. Pulling his boots on, the blue and gold colour tarnished and dirty from the previous day’s travel and throwing his mail shirt over his head, the two items he'd been able to pull off before collapsing into that restless sleep, he stumbled out of his tent. Once out he stretched and contorted his body, yawning as he tried to get the kinks and aches out of his body after the previous night. The brisk morning air was refreshing if still a little chilly. The sun was still rising faintly behind them, although Naythan could only tell because the sky was lighter above. The mountains all around the valley kept them very much in the shade, not to mention the trees that surrounded the clearing they were in. All in all, it wasn't very much lighter than the evening they had set up camp the previous day. Off to the side, the trio's horses were munching on food bags that Galdorin had clearly laid out for them. It occurred to Naythan, that it was good fortune, and perhaps Galdorin's own experience, that had kept the horses from running after the previous night's ruckus. In front of him, sat at the fire pit, which was still smoking but no longer lit, was Fyra, eating out of a wooden bowl with a wooden spoon, her white and red sorceresses robes still largely clean with only the bottom around the hem of the robes showing signs of wear and tear. A faint hint of disgust curling her lip mixed with a grim determination to finish the food in front of her. Galdorin was putting away the cooking implements that he'd used to prepare their meal, clearly having already finished his own a while ago. The dryad sorceress who'd assaulted him the previous night, and the Nanir who'd threatened to lead his people on an assault of Naythan's home city if they failed to retrieve the "Heart of the World" for the Naniren. And the three of them were going to slay a dragon and rob his lair. Wonderful. Trying not to think too far into either the potential future, nor the immediate past, Naythan strode over to where a bowl lay, filled with a stew on an empty patch of grass beside Fyra. As he sat down Fyra gave him a wary look. He just nodded and muttered "Good morning." before hunkering down to eat. Fyra could play the victim for all he cared. True, he had attacked her first, sword in hand, but it had been in a fit of rage and fear at the revelation that they were not only changing from simply robbing the dragon to slaying it, but also that it was against the orders of the College and his own clerical order. Besides, her power far outstripped his ability to subdue it so she'd not been in any real danger. Contrarywise he could still feel his back creaking in pain from the hard landing after she had blasted him away from her. Don't think about it. Just stay in the here and now. The stew wasn't too bad. Perhaps Fyra didn't like it, she was used to finer dining both at the College of Sorcerers and at her own family home in the city, but Naythan's order was a little more strict and so he able to appreciate that this food was at least salty and hot. Even if there was a little too much gristle and fat compared to the rather tough and stringy bits of meat. The sorceress and the cleric ate in silence, neither looking at the other instead choosing to focus on the landscape, the food, or Galdorin as he bustled about preparing to leave. Finally he was standing over Naythan and Fyra as they hurried to finish their food. "Come on, come on, finish up. I need to clean these and get them stowed away. And you too need to get your things packed up and ready to leave. We won't be ready until the sun is above us at this rate. Naythan gulped down the last of his stew and handed the bowl over the Galdorin, swiftly followed by Fyra doing the same. Naythan grunted his thanks and stood up to leave quickly to put his things away. He stopped, surprised, and looked at Fyra. She looked a little uncomfortable, still standing tall, proud, and haughty as ever, but fidgeting with her hands on her red and white robes and her eyes seemed to look everywhere but him as she stood there looking for the words. "I... apologize." she finally said. The words taking Naythan aback. In all the time he'd known her, which admittedly had only been a matter of weeks, she'd never acknowledged being wrong about anything. "It was... thoughtless of me... to force this mission on you. I acted on my instinct to do what I thought was right, but I didn't consult you about it. And although we have clearly established that you were placed as my cleric because you could not get in my way... Nonetheless it was unworthy of my house and honour to exclude and dismiss you as I did." She stood there, looking a combination of uneasy and irritated, possibly at feeling the unease. It was strange to see her like this. He was used to seeing contempt, anger, determination, or a combination of the three. Finally, Naythan answered "That is perhaps," he said slowly, "the most insulting apology I've ever received." He lifted a finger as she began to retort, "However, I'll take what I can get. Apology accepted." Fyra closed her mouth, before managing a "Thank you." and hurrying off to put her own things away ready for the journey's beginning Naythan turned back to his tent and began stuffing things into his bag again. That was the nicest Fyra had ever been to him. Perhaps he would live long enough to be killed by the dragon after all? By the time Naythan had finished packing his things away, Fyra and Galdorin were already standing impatiently by the horses. As Naythan threw his pack over the back of his own horse, Galdorin looked pointedly up at the sky, where the light was noticeably brighter than it had been earlier, as he mounted up onto his horse, that at once seemed too high and too slender to hold the Nanir. Fyra said nothing and simply alighted up her own saddle as if she weighed nothing. Naythan muttered some choice curses under his breath about the two as he scrambled up the back of his own mount, making sure that his sword was within easy reach. It hadn't been much use against Fyra, but Naythan was a decent swordsman, though substandard compared to most in his order, he felt confident he could stand his own against whatever brigands and ne'er-do-wells they might come across. Finally ready, the trio set off down into the valley and back onto the road that led from the Eastern capital of Civallis, to the Western half of Campestria, now known to Naythan as, the Vallis Draconis. As they travelled further West through Campestria the valleys grew narrower, the mountains closed in on either side, the lands were more sparsely populated and the terrain grew wilder as the nurturing hands of humanity were less keenly felt. The trees were denser and the underbrush thicker, and the mountains loomed overhead like giant structures. Naythan thought that they looked like towers, with the forests acting as buildings and the ever narrowing path ahead of them was a winding street. It took on the appearance of some foreign or alien city, empty and forsaken. The surroundings seemed to Naythan, darker, and more threatening without the touch of any recognizable civilization. However, he also had to admit that it carried a wild beauty with it, and the impression on his mind that accompanied the change from civilization to wilderness gradually made him feel more like man with a purpose. This was not some errand of the order, not some chore he'd been assigned to, this was an adventure of his own, with very real and frightening consequences. As the feeling of security faded he recognized the feeling of uncertainty and doubt that assailed him when he was faced with daunting tasks. Now, however, with no other choice but to follow Fyra into the danger she had dragged them both into, he began to experience the thrill that such undertakings brought with them. The thrill that he was doing something of his own, without the permission of another, or an observer to catch him if he failed. It was at once frightening and exhilarating! He felt his confidence lift a little, and embracing the adventurous spirit while he could, he urged his mount forward to ride past Fyra, who gave him a glance before returning her attention to the road, and alongside Galdorin who rode in front. The Nanir looked at him. "Anything I can do for you cleric?" "I was just thinking," Naythan began, "seeing as we may be travelling for a while, I would like to learn what I could of your people. It's very rare that we on the surface get to interact with your kind so closely." Galdorin looked at him curiously, "Why would you be interested in a people not your own? What purpose does it serve?" Naythan was taken aback by this response. "Uh... well, I guess I'm just curious." Was all he could think to say. "The way you surface dwellers get distracted by frivolities, its a wonder that you ever achieve your purpose." "Our purpose?" Naythan asked, confused. "Aye your purpose." Galdorin saw Naythan was serious. "Your joking right? You don't know your own people's purpose?" "Why should we have a specific purpose?" Naythan asked, beginning to get annoyed at the Nanir's tone. "You're going to have to explain a little bit more, I don't think I understand what you mean exactly." "I'm not sure I can break down something so basic for you.” The Nanir considered for a moment, before a flash of inspiration crossed his face. “I tell you what." Reaching behind him Galdorin drew out his short sword, a broad, thick blade that would be useless in human hands, but not so much for a Nanir's strength. Holding it out before him to show Naythan, "See this blade." "The purpose of this blade is to kill. That is what it is made for. If it doesn't fulfil that purpose then its cast away." Galdorin put the sword back in a sheath behind his saddle. "Everything has a purpose. The trees are shelter to the birds, the birds are to sing and give a voice to the wilderness and the bugs and things of the earth provide them food." Naythan nodded slowly, "I suppose I could understand seeing it that way." "What other way is there to see it?" Galdorin queried. "Nothing in this world is without purpose, so why should Nanir, Dryads, Humans and even the filthy Orochai and Godrin be any different? We are its the most complicated and intelligent species.” He threw a look Naythan’s way before adding, “ Although that is something of a stretch to be said of most species.” Naythan let the jibe pass so as not to interrupt Galdorin, “Why should we of all things be devoid of purpose? All things that exist exist for a reason, even if at times it seems that existence is the ONLY reason." "So what is the purpose of the Nanir then?" Naythan asked. "To safeguard this world and guard its hearts. To this goal my people have devoted themselves fully." "Have you any idea of what the purpose of humanity might be?" Galdorin shook his head, "I neither know nor care. The fate of your people is your own concern. The very fact you ask me these questions tells me that your people are dangerously lost." "Perhaps," Naythan replied, "but for as long as there are those who study among my kind, there is hope that we will find it." "This is true." Galdorin said nodding. “Study of humanity, whether that be in its past history, or it’s current behaviour have always been fascinating to me, among many others. Perhaps there will come a time when we discover our purpose?” “Perhaps.” Was all the Nanir said in reply. Naythan realized that the conversation was already over for Galdorin and so he slipped into silence once again. It was fine. With all he'd learned in just a few days with Galdorin, he probably had a stronger grasp on the Naniren than most scholars would learn in their whole lifetime. Such information would be of no interest to his own order of course, they couldn't care less about the customs of so secluded a race. It was the main point of contention between Naythan and his superiors. He enjoyed and valued learning, whereas they saw that it was a distraction from his duties as a cleric, mastering his negation magic and sword work was his calling as proven by his very ability to do these things in their eyes. Naythan shook the thoughts off. It would not improve his mood to dwell on these things. Perhaps if this mission was successful, he could return with the information he had gathered and see if there were any interested in recording his discoveries. Excited at his idea Naythan reached behind him for the leather journal of Gratianus Kylos and flipped to an unused page and began scribbling, "Continuation of the works of Gratianus Kylos by Clericus Naythan Yorval." Galdorin looked over at him, "What are you doing with that journal?" "I thought I might write of our travels." Naythan replied without stopping, "With what you have told me of your people and our quest to steal from a dragon, I thought it could make a compelling read for many back home." "A Chronicle of our adventure eh? Ha!" Galdorin said delightedly, "Very good young cleric. I would very much like to review it from time to time. I would not have you make mistaken claims of my people or our exploits." "If you would I would be most grateful." Naythan responded with a grin. He'd rarely had his work praised and so to receive some from the Nanir was boost to his resolve. Naythan continued to make write what had transpired on his journey so far as they rode further down the road. He fell to the back of their small convoy and Fyra overtook him, speaking a little with Galdorin, though Naythan could not make out what was being said. Probably discussing the upcoming journey and what they could expect along the way. Naythan probably should have been listening if that was the case, but he was too engrossed in his new work. He might actually get to see some results from the work he was passionate about, rather than simply the work his talents directed him towards. The bumpy ride made it difficult to write, and his writing was not up to its usual standard as a result, either in quality or in speed. A number of times he was forced to scribble out an illegible word here and there, slowing his progress considerably, but the activity kept him occupied until the sun began to set behind them. Just as it was becoming too dark to see what he was writing Naythan put the journal aside and turned his attention back to the road. It took a moment for his focus to realign, so long had he been staring at the pages close in front of him that looking ahead made his head spin a little. The valley they rode through was veiled in shadow and it was difficult to make anything out but silhouettes through the trees on either side of them. The mountains to either side still dominated the landscape directing the road on its winding path through the valleys that made up the Western half of Campestria. Up ahead, in the increasingly dim light, Naythan could make out what appeared to be a small inn. The sign leading up to it read simply, "The Traveler". Not the most imaginative name Naythan had seen for an inn, but it didn't matter, as long as they had good food and a warm bed for the night Naythan would be happy. A single day of camping had ended any possible desire in him to do so again. Ahead of him, much further ahead than he'd thought, Fyra and Galdorin were riding up to the inn. Naythan spurred his mount to catch up to them. He caught up just as they approached the door and the three of them dismounted. “I’ll go see if there’s someone to help with the horses.” Galdorin said, and strolled on into the inn. Naythan and Fyra waited outside for him I silence for a moment before Fyra broke it. “Galdorin told me that you have decided to chronicle our journey.” “Yes.” Naythan said, surprised that she seemed to be taking and interest in what he was doing. “I’ve always enjoyed reading such things and so I thought that I would try my hand at it too. Besides if I learn of anything of interest perhaps it could be useful in the long term as well.” “I will need to have a look at it before you publish it. Presuming that you do so.” The casual way she had just tried to insert herself as an authority into his work sent a flash of irritation through Naythan. “I don’t need you permission.” Naythan replied curtly. “That’s not what I meant.” Fyra cut back icily, “Your knowledge of magic is tainted by your order’s perspective. I only wish to ensure that this chronicle, that is relevant to the both of us, will reflect me, my family, and my own College with the light of truth.” “With the light of… Are you suggesting I would lie!?” Naythan asked growing angry. He couldn’t think what he’d done to deserve such an accusation. “Lie? No. But your beliefs are wrong and I don’t want such errors to colour our history together in the eyes of posterity. I’d rather nothing were written at all of our adventures than have them written in a misleading fashion.” The words stung more than Naythan expected or liked. The idea that she would sooner be forgotten than trust him to write their story cut as deeply as Galdorin approval had warmed him. “Well it is not your decision to make this time princess,” he bit back, “I will write the truth as I know it.” “Then it will not be true.” Naythan was about to respond when a coughing sound interrupted then. He looked to see Galdorin at the door of the inn with a man Naythan presumed was a groom for the horses. Waiting to ensure he had there attention, Galdorin spoke “I’ve secured us a few rooms for the night, separate ones at that so we may survive the night.” He gave them both a reproachful look as he said this Naythan felt a twinge of shame at his childish behaviour. He was no longer in the order as a novice and so he should stop acting like one. Perhaps, he thought, he wouldn’t be in the order at all when he returned, if indeed he did return. Galdorin continued. “Meanwhile this young lad will take care of the horses. Take off what you need and bring it inside and I’ll take you to your rooms.” Naythan and Fyra did as he said in silence, and followed him into the inn. It was a warm place, a roaring fire in the Center of the room saw to that, several greasy looking tables and chairs were scattered around the room, with the only defined path being towards the bar that rested at the back of the room and the stairs that were on the right hand corner of the room, presumably leading up to the rooms. Along the edges of the room, more booth-like areas lined the perimeter. These were largely occupied, either the more communal area being more sparsely populated. The atmosphere was fairly quiet and a low murder of conversation set a more reserved tone than the taverns Naythan had occasionally visited in the city of Civallis. Walking up to the bar Galdorin gestured to a young man who was carrying trays back and forth from the tables to a back room. “Grab the boy and he will lead you to your rooms.” “What about you?” Naythan asked. Galdorin didn’t answer instead just heading straight for the bar behind which a large bearded man was polishing tankards and eyeing them as they entered. Fyra rolled her eyes and moved ahead of Naythan to intercept the boy Galdorin had pointed at, stepping in front of him so quietly that he almost crashed into her. “Oh excuse me.” The boy said startled. His yes widened when he saw a dark skinned, red eyed dryad in sorceress robes, followed by a young man in white, blue and gold shirt and trousers, a mail shirt over his body and a sword at his hip. Only an idiot wouldn’t realize what he was looking at. “Oh excuse me my lady,” he nodded towards Naythan, “my lord. How can I help you?” Naythan raised his eyebrows at being called “Lord”, not a title he was used to as a novice in the order. But the poor boy didn’t need to know that, so he stood up straighter. Fyra’s took it in her stride. Not only an excellent student at the Sorcerer’s College but born in an aristocratic home and family she took it all in stride. “I believe you have rooms for us?” She said nodding her head towards Galdorin who was busy emptying tankards of ale down his throat even as they spoke. “Oh yes, yes of course.” The boy answered enthusiastically, “I’m sorry I didn’t realize that you were Socii when your friend made the request.” Hurriedly putting the tray he had been carrying down on the nearest empty table he waved them to follow, “I’ll take you right there now.” As the boy led them to the stairs leading up to the rooms, Naythan glanced around at the other patrons and saw that they too seemed to have come to the same conclusion as the boy had. Naythan hoped this was a good thing. The notoriety of the Socii did open many doors, but they were also feared and misunderstood, something largely compounded by Church teaching that sorceress used magic by the power of demons. Perhaps next time they should employ a more subtle dress code. Naythan looked at Fyra as she walked ahead of him tall and proud as always, head straight and dignified. They might have difficulty disguising Fyra, there were not many dryads in the less civilized parts of the world and persuading her to remove her sorceress robes might be even harder. Well, for now it seemed to be serving a good purpose and Naythan followed Fyra and the boy up to his room, where he threw he is belongings by his bed and collapsed onto it. It was pretty comfortable, perhaps on par with the orders chambers, though less clean for sure. A smile crept along Naythan's face as he pictured Fyra’s scowl at such lodgings. Hopefully she wouldn't threaten the poor boy for better accommodations. With that final thought, Naythan closed his eyes and drifted into a deep and welcome slumber. About the Creator I love how inspiring stories and character can be. I try and replicate that in my own writing to not only give inspiration, but also to encourage the reader to consider important matters through a more enjoyable and digestible fantasy lens. Excellent work. Looking forward to reading more!

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Over 95% of people will be cured if they take the antibiotics correctly. The two types of antibiotics most commonly used to treat chlamydia are: - Azithromycin: Taken as 24 tablets all at once. - Doxycycline: Taken as 2 capsules each day for a week. If your doctor is concerned about complications from chlamydia , they might prescribe a longer course of antibiotics. Youll be advised not to have sex until you and your current sexual partner have finished treatment for chlamydia, or until a week after the 1-day treatment. Its also important to contact any other sexual partners who could have been exposed to infection. A sexual health clinic can help you contact people anonymously, if thats what youd prefer. Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused By C Trachomatis A chlamydial etiology should be considered for all infants aged 30 days who experience conjunctivitis, especially if the mother has a history of chlamydial infection. These infants should receive evaluation and age-appropriate care and treatment. Preventing Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused by C. trachomatis Neonatal ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin, the only agent available in the United States for this purpose, is ineffective against chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum . As an alternative, prevention efforts should focus on prenatal screening for C. trachomatis, including Neonates born to mothers for whom prenatal chlamydia screening has been confirmed and the results are negative are not at high risk for infection. Erythromycin base or ethylsuccinate 50 mg/kg body weight/day orally, divided into 4 doses daily for 14 days* * An association between oral erythromycin and azithromycin and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has been reported among infants aged < 6 weeks. Infants treated with either of these antimicrobials should be followed for IHPS signs and symptoms. Although data regarding use of azithromycin for treating neonatal chlamydial infection are limited, available data demonstrate that a short therapy course might be effective . Topical antibiotic therapy alone is inadequate for treating ophthalmia neonatorum caused by chlamydia and is unnecessary when systemic treatment is administered. What Happens During A Gonorrhea Test If you are a man, your provider may take a swab from the opening of your urethra. For both men and women, a sample may be taken from a suspected area of infection, such as the mouth or rectum. Urine tests are also used for both men and women. Some gonorrhea tests can be done with an at-home STD test kit. If your health care provider recommends at-home testing, be sure to follow all directions carefully. You May Like: Can Guys Have Chlamydia And Not Know It Should I Get A Chlamydia Test It can be a good idea to screen for chlamydia and other STIs if youâre considering having sexual intercourse with a new partner. If you believe you have been exposed to chlamydia or are experiencing symptoms , consider screening for infection by visiting a local clinicâ âor take a chlamydia test at home. Also, according to the CDC, if you’re a sexually active woman younger than 25, you should test for chlamydia and gonorrhea at least once a year . You should also get tested yearly if you’re 25 or older and have risk factors like new or multiple sex partners. The CDC also recommends annual gonorrhea and chlamydia testing for gay and bisexual men. Urine Testing Vs Bacterial Culture Urine testing is currently primarily used to detect bacterial STDs. Chlamydia and gonorrhea urine tests are widely available. Trichomoniasis urine tests are also available, but they are less common. The gold standard for diagnosing bacterial STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, used to be bacterial culture. That involved attempting to grow bacteria out of samples that were taken directly from the cervix or urethra. These days, bacterial DNA testing is considered a better option. It works differently than bacterial culture. Instead of trying to grow bacteria, these tests just look for bacterial DNA. This can be done using a process called ligase chain reaction or with other DNA amplification techniques. These types of testing are sensitive to even very small amounts of bacterial DNA. Even better, they do not require a live bacterial sample. As such, they can be run on urine samplesnot just urethral or cervical swabs. For most people, the thought of a getting gonorrhea urine test or chlamydia urine test is a lot less intimidating than the thought of needing a physical exam. Recommended Reading: Can Lupin 500 Cure Chlamydia Im Pregnant How Does Chlamydia Affect My Baby If you are pregnant and have chlamydia, you can pass the infection to your baby during delivery. This could cause an eye infection or pneumonia in your newborn. Having chlamydia may also make it more likely to deliver your baby too early. If you are pregnant, you should get tested for chlamydia at your first prenatal visit. Testing and treatment are the best ways to prevent health problems. Also Check: Can I Get Chlamydia Twice Possible Treatments For Chlamydia It is good to stay aware about how to treat Chlamydia. In case of your test is found positive then you have to undergo Chlamydia treatment. Most of the doctors prescribe just a single dose of some antibiotics like azithromycin. But in case if you are allergic to its content then you may have to take other standard antibiotic.Note that if you are infected then let your previous sex partners know about the infection so that they can also undergo tests and treatments at right time. It is also possible to start Chlamydia treatment online because most of the experts are delivering fast and reliable services over internet for complete treatment of this Silent Infection. Read Also: Can You Detect Chlamydia In Urine Recommended Reading: What Medication Do They Give For Chlamydia

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Wejchert, Andrzej (1937–2009), architect, was born 21 May 1937 in Gdańsk, in the semi-autonomous Free City of Danzig, sandwiched between the Polish Corridor and the German province of East Prussia, son of Tadeusz Wejchert, who ran a shipping business, and Irena Wejchert (née Mojgis). Two years after his birth, Danzig became the first theatre of the second world war when the German invasion of Poland was spearheaded by an assault on the enclave, which was then annexed by the German Reich. Amid the political turmoil in post-war, communist Poland, in 1948 the family moved to Warsaw, where Wejchert received secondary education, and then studied architecture at Warsaw Polytechnic. Graduating with honours (1962), he worked in the school design section of the design office of municipal buildings in Warsaw. In 1964 Wejchert won an international competition for the master plan of the new campus, in Belfield, of University College Dublin, against over 120 competitors from forty-six countries, including many prestigious firms. Notified of the award by telegram on the eve of his departure on an exit visa for Paris – ostensibly to view master works of art and architecture, but also to visit his friend and wife-to-be, Danuta Kornaus (see below) – he disembarked from the Paris train at Amsterdam and spent all his money on a one-way air ticket to Dublin; unable to pay for excess baggage, he abandoned his clothing and arrived with only the suit on his back and a suitcase stuffed with architectural books. Astonishing the UCD authorities by his youth and inexperience, Wejchert agreed to undertake the project in association with an established Irish firm, and thereupon worked closely with Andy Devane of Robinson, Keefe & Devane. Wejchert's UCD master plan proposed to reinforce and expand the existing, hedgerow-defined field pattern on the site by dense plantings, thus creating a series of enclosed 'gardens', each with a faculty building, placed on both sides of a gently curved, central spine, defined by a canopied pedestrian mall. In the event, his fundamental concept was not achieved, as over time Belfield endured a fragmented development, with new buildings situated randomly and the conceived pattern of enclosures only partially realised. The competition also included designs for three major campus buildings, of which two were erected: arts and commerce (1969) and administration (1972). Wejchert designed similar elevations for both buildings (which are linked at first-floor level by an enclosed, transparent walkway), giving each a continuous horizontal window pattern and a projecting service tower. Arts and commerce, the larger of the two, comprises ten blocks of varying heights grouped around internal courtyards. The elevation pattern of the smaller administration building is interrupted by recesses and tall rectangular columns that address a sloped ground gradient and express externally the building's most distinctive feature: a two-storey, brightly lit main hall containing an open-plan general office and public concourse. Characterised by 'physical transparency and democratisation of space', the interior design has been compared to Frank Lloyd Wright's Johnson Wax headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin (O'Neill, 128–9). The first atrium building in Ireland, it was awarded the triennial gold medal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI) for the years 1971–3. Two of Belfield's most conspicuous structures were included in Wejchert's original plan: the formal lake, which besides its aesthetic purpose can function as a water supply in a fire emergency; and the 60-metre, reinforced-concrete water tower, with its pentagonal stem and duodecahedral tank. Wejchert's later Belfield commissions included the sports centre (1981), containing facilities for indoor sports and changing areas for field games; it was highly commended by the RIAI gold medal jury for 1981–3. With Wejchert's reputation thus established by his award-winning work at Belfield, in 1974 he and his architect wife Danuta established the practice of A & D Wejchert. Over the next four decades, the practice executed some sixty-five major projects across a diversity of fields, all to a consistently high standard and many of outstanding quality. Injecting Irish architecture with a new and vibrant energy, they won many awards, commendations and other distinctions. Both Wejcherts frequently entered competitions in Ireland and elsewhere, partly to enhance the profile of their practice, securing thereby new clients and commissions, but also to explore fresh ideas and freely express their virtuosity outside the constraints of a contract. In 1999 the practice became A & D Wejchert & Partners, and in 2016 was restyled as Wejchert Architects. Owing to Andrzej's prior experience and reputation, the early work of A & D Wejchert concentrated on educational projects at all levels. In 1974 the practice won second prize in a competition for an experimental school design for the Department of Education, leading to several schools commissions, most notably the identically designed community schools at Ballincollig, Co. Cork (1976), and Ballynanty, Limerick city, and the Brookfield second-level school, Tallaght, Co. Dublin (1985). The Wejcherts' most adventurous school design was the Dalkey School Project National School, Glenageary, Co. Dublin (1984), which became the flagship school of the nascent, multi-denominational Educate Together movement; intended to facilitate the shared-area teaching method, the flexible design allowed temporary re-sectioning of the interiors to accommodate a variety of uses. Andrzej Wejchert supervised most of the third-level educational projects executed by the practice. He worked on development plans in 1972 and 1993 for University College Cork, and designed two of the new buildings: the students' centre (1996) and the O'Rahilly Building (2000). Both were finished in local white limestone to harmonise with existing structures on the campus, and his design of the O'Rahilly echoed the Irish neo-gothic style of the neighbouring 1849 quadrangle. His extensive work, from the late 1990s, at Waterford Institute of Technology addressed accommodation needs occasioned by a dramatic increase in student numbers, and included designs intended to maximise energy efficiency; the library (2000) received a Department of the Environment sustainable building award, and the nurse education building (2007) was cited as best sustainable project in the RIAI awards. Wejchert's design of the Helix Performing Arts Centre (2003) at Dublin City University grouped three performance spaces – a concert hall, theatre and small studio/rehearsal room – around a three-storey foyer with an exhibition area and circular grand stairway, open to external view through a curved glass wall; it was named Opus building of the year. Wejchert's prolific work in the industrial, office and retail sectors included development plans for the extensive National Technology Park at Plassey, Co. Limerick (1982–9), which opened in 1984 as Ireland's first science and technology park, and for the more modest South County Business Park, Leopardstown, Co. Dublin. Especially successful was his design of Beresford Court (1991), Beresford Place/Lower Abbey Street, Dublin, for Irish Life Assurance plc, which was named Plan building of the year (1992). Constructed in six levels over a basement car park, the building's two wings form a V-shaped plan enclosing a multi-storey, top-glazed atrium that rises from the first-floor level, and through which light floods the open-plan offices at the upper levels and an enclosed garden on the atrium floor. Arthur Gibney (qv) compared the sudden and 'immensely dramatic' realisation of the volume of space upon one's arrival at atrium level to the spatial climax of a seventeenth-century baroque church (A & D Wejchert, 161). Over many years, Wejchert worked on successive phases of the Blanchardstown Centre, Co. Dublin, at its inception in 1985 the largest retail project then current in Ireland. His design of the first-phase shopping mall, completed in 1996, addressed the natural fall across the site by having a higher-level ground floor meet a lower-level ground floor at a two-storey hub. Subsequent designs involved extensions to the shopping mall, and ancillary retail parks and office blocks. Among the latter, the Quinn Direct building (2003; latterly, Liberty Insurance Centre) was conceived as a landmark structure dominating the locale: ten storeys in height, capped by a top-floor penthouse office suite, with a U-shaped floor plan around an atrium, clad in curtain walling with a curved façade facing the N3 motorway. The nearby eBay Atrium Office (2003) comprises two five-storey blocks surrounding three sides of a glazed atrium. Within the Dublin city centre, Wejchert worked on redevelopment of the ILAC centre (1997–2002) and on the Gaiety Centre, South King Street (2009), a mixed-use commercial and residential development with a conspicuous, faceted-glass façade. From the mid 1990s Wejchert fulfilled several commissions in his native Poland. His work on the Sobanski Palace complex, Warsaw (1997–9), involved refurbishment of a nineteenth-century aristocratic townhouse into an exclusive business club while respecting the structure's historic fabric (modern kitchen, toilets and mechanical room were placed in an underground extension), and erection on the grounds of an elegant modernist office building clad in reflective glass, comparable to a glistening glass sculpture. The project was named best public building in Warsaw in 1998–9 and received a diploma from the Polish Ministry of Culture for best modernisation of an historic structure (2000). Described as probably the most successful immigrant architect in Ireland since James Gandon (qv) (O'Neill, 127), Wejchert was a fellow of the RIAI, serving for sixteen years on the institute's council, and twice elected vice-president; he also sat on the body's professional conduct committee. He was a member of the RIBA and the Association of Polish Architects, and taught in the UCD school of architecture. Awarded an honorary LLD by the NUI (1997), he was an associate of the RHA and served on the board of governors of the NGI. From 1982 he and Danuta resided in a house of their own design, 'Carillon', off Church Road, Killiney, Co. Dublin. (They also executed commissions for several one-off, single-family homes, most notably a house at Ardcarraig, Co. Galway (2003), set sensitively within a large private garden, and Heather Cottage, Howth, Co. Dublin (2004), which in material and its irregular, low-profile form merges with the traditional stone walls of the local landscape.) They had a daughter, Agnieszka Wejchert Pearson, an architect based in Britain, and a son, Michael Wejchert, a structural engineer. Andrzej Wejchert died at his home on 12 May 2009. The funeral was from St Stephen's Roman catholic church, Killiney, to Shanganagh cemetery. His wife, Danuta Kornaus-Wejchert (1938–2014), architect, was born 23 March 1938 in Lwów (Lviv), Poland (now in Ukraine), daughter of Pawel Kornaus and Lucia Kornaus (née Szlachepko). Her interest in architecture arising from an early fascination with and proficiency in mathematics, she too was an honours graduate of the architecture faculty of Warsaw Polytechnic (where she and Andrzej met), after which she worked in the building design office of the Polish health department. She continued her architectural studies in Paris at the L'école Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, and designed medical buildings with Agence Auffret, Paris. Following Wejchert to Dublin in 1965, she worked in the firm of Robinson, Keefe & Devane till she and Andrzej launched their own practice. (Also moving to Dublin in 1965 was Andrzej's elder sister, the sculptor Alexandra Wejchert (qv).) Besides her close involvement in A & D Wejchert's schools commissions of the 1970s–80s, Danuta Kornaus-Wejchert worked on one of the practice's most highly acclaimed early projects, the Ailwee Cave visitor centre in the Burren, Co. Clare (1979), the function of which was to regulate ingress and egress for the natural formation and provide spaces for interpretative display, souvenir sales, and a tearoom and restaurant. In design, scale and materials, the building blends unobtrusively with the grey limestone of the hillside setting to the extent that from a distance it might be mistaken for a natural outcrop. Commended by the RIAI gold medal jury for 1977–9, the structure was named Plan building of the year (1980), and received a Shannonside environmental award (1979), a Europa Nostra diploma (1980), and an An Taisce commendation (1981). In Dublin, Kornaus-Wejchert worked on Smithfield Village (1983–7), a mixed-used redevelopment, with residential, commercial and cultural components, of a derelict site formerly occupied by a distillery and adjoining a large cobbled market square; her design retained some of the existing architectural features, including a listed 1895 chimney that she surmounted with an observation platform. A prolific participant over the years in national and international architectural competitions of a diverse nature (conference centre, university, hotel, aquarium, science park, church) in Europe, Asia and Oceania, Kornaus-Wejchert was highly commended for her entry in a Dublin Roman catholic diocesan church competition (1975), resulting in commissions for sacral architecture. These included Holy Trinity church, Donaghmede, Dublin (1978), designed with a unique structural system that roofed a Maltese cruciform plan; church of Our Lady, Blessington, Co. Wicklow (1982), built to a triangular plan (an adjoining primary school (1987) was designed with harmonising materials and forms); Knock Apparition Chapel, Co. Mayo (1992), enclosing behind a glazed façade the church gable where occurred the putative apparition of 1879; and St Mary of the Rosary church, Cong, Co. Mayo (2003), an extensive refurbishment of a 1973 church, including a new limestone exterior complementing the adjoining ruins of a twelfth-century abbey. The building complex at Newlands Cross Cemetery, Co. Dublin (2000), comprising three interlinked pavilions set amid gardens, received an RIAI regional award for 2001. Her participation in the Tallaght hospital competition (1985) resulted in commissions allowing Kornaus-Wejchert to revive her early career engagement with healthcare architecture. Seeking the humanisation of healthcare buildings, she employed colour and pattern, natural light, expansive spaces, and proximity to natural features to create environments that encouraged tranquillity and healing. These guiding principles were applied in her execution of a new psychiatric unit at Naas General Hospital (1986–9). Inspired by the town's tradition of painted gable-ended houses, she designed a complex of small-scale, house-like components with pitched roofs, gabled walls and multi-coloured plasters, orientated to face a park and lake, thus simulating a normal residential neighbourhood integrated with the wider community; the project received an RIAI regional award (1990). Her other healthcare projects included subsequent development phases at Naas General and varied work at James Connolly Memorial Hospital, Blanchardstown, Dublin (1998–2003), Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda (2004 and 2008), Letterkenny General Hospital, Co. Donegal, and health centres in Swords, Co. Dublin (1998), and Irishtown, Dublin (2008). Danuta Kornaus-Wejchert was an RIAI fellow and a member of the RIBA and Association of Polish Architects. She died 7 May 2014 at the Blackrock Clinic, Co. Dublin. The Wejcherts were both gentle, unassuming people, softly spoken with old-world manners; giving every visitor their full attention, neither would dream of taking a phone call in a client's or guest's company. With an intuitive capacity for identifying the key issues in any architectural project, they enjoyed a warm rapport with clients and builders. 'A rare gift in Ireland, they seem[ed] to prefer to listen rather than to talk' (O'Neill, 129). Their architectural ideas arising from the nature of a project rather than an overriding, doctrinaire theory, their designs were always a direct response to the programme and the site. Accordingly, their buildings had a bespoke flavour, and eschewed any ready association with a consistent stylistic pattern. In consequence, though many of their buildings are widely familiar to the Irish general public, most are not readily identifiable as theirs, a fact that, along with the couple's personal modesty, may explain their relative anonymity beyond their profession. A retrospective volume on the work of the practice, with informative text and lavishly illustrated with photographs and architectural drawings, was published in 2008.

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On 29 January 2019 we saw the first CNN Town Hall for a candidate for the 2020 US presidential election. Kamala Harris, a Democratic senator from California, is one of the more impressive members of what promises to be a huge field. CNN is reporting the Town Hall had the highest ever viewership for a Town Hall in the 25-54 category. On 18 February another of the better candidates, Senator Amy Klobuchar (D) from Minnesota, had her first CNN Town Hall. Yesterday, it was the turn of Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont). It’s thanks to Bernie’s 2016 campaign that universal healthcare is finally under serious consideration in the US. He has advocated for this his whole career, and when the US finally takes it up, he will deserve much of the credit. There’s clearly already a lot of interest despite the election being almost two years away. The 2020 Election One of the main reasons for this interest is the state of the Democratic Party itself. The Overton Window is shifting so that policies that would once never be under consideration are now considered more mainstream. In my opinion, the most important of these is the question of universal, single-payer healthcare. Universal healthcare is not a radical idea. Every other industrialized nation (and more besides) has universal healthcare. There’s a good reason for that – it makes sense. So far, Democratic candidates are focusing on the fact that access to healthcare should be a basic human right. They also frequently note that every other OECD nation else has universal healthcare. These points are true of course, but I’m not sure they’re arguments that will attract the independent and centre right voters the Democratic Party needs to win the presidency. Universal healthcare is good for the economy. It will save a country the size of the US trillions, and there are plenty of places that money could do a lot of good. I think they need to talk more about that to attract those independent and centre-right voters. The 2020 Election and the GOP The GOP has made the announcement that Donald Trump is such a great president they will not have a primary. The level of delusion in that statement alone shows just how out of touch they are. Trump won because he was able to reach out to many who felt that politicians didn’t care about them. Now that he’s president, his actions are showing he doesn’t care about them either. In fact, he cares even less than the traditional politician. Whether Trump will win another term is (unbelievably) up in the air at the moment. However, the Republicans are losing the healthcare argument. The Democratic candidate who can come up with the policy proposal that appeals most to voters on universal healthcare is likely to have a strong chance of not only becoming the party’s nominee, but becoming president. The GOP, Donald Trump, and Healthcare Donald Trump is a bad messenger for his party on healthcare. In the past he’s given praise to the healthcare systems in both Canada and Scotland. He’s also said he doesn’t want anyone to be without healthcare by using those countries as examples. However, the GOP has done their best to take away healthcare from those who finally got it because of Obamacare. Trump went out of his way to insult the late Senator John McCain (R-Arizona), whose vote against his own party means Obamacare still exists in the US despite the best efforts of the Republicans. However, they have significantly weakened it. Also during the 2016 campaign, an announcement that Obamacare premiums would rise saw a slew of footage of Trump lying about the issue. He was immediately out on the campaign trail bemoaning how his own employees were having a “terrible” time “because of Obamacare.” In reality, his employees were not having a “terrible time” at all. He provides the insurance for at least 90% of his employees so the increases had no effect on them. Trump’s base is made up largely of those who are older and less educated than average. Those are the very people who are also, on average, likely to be in poorer health and less likely to be able to afford insurance. As a result, healthcare is a very important issue for them. They are part of the demographic that says in surveys they want universal healthcare. Trump is proving that he doesn’t care about his base in the way they thought he would when he got their vote. A majority still worship him in a cult-like way, but more and more are starting to see reality. When it comes to voting for Trump or universal healthcare, they may just vote in their best interest. USians Want Universal Healthcare One of the most important statistics from the second article was one from Quinnipiac University. This is what I wrote: Since Trump’s election, Quinnipiac University has been asking this question in their regular surveys: How important is it to you that health insurance be affordable for all Americans: very important, somewhat important, not so important, or not important at all? The results have been consistent – USians, virtually universally, want EVERYONE to be able to have affordable health insurance: More recently, a survey in June/July 2018 by Reuters shows 70% of USians support Medicare for all. Within that, 52% of Republicans want Medicare for all. Democratic Policy Proposals Senators Kamala Harris and Amy Klobuchar are at opposite ends of the spectrum within the Democratic party when it comes to healthcare. Harris’s policy proposal is Medicare for all and doing away with private insurance altogether. Klobuchar is to extend the current Medicaid system to more people but otherwise retain the status quo. I found both Senator Harris and Senator Klobuchar very impressive in their respective CNN Town Halls. I agree with most of their policy positions but I consider both are wrong regarding their proposals for healthcare. In my opinion though, Harris goes too far and Klobuchar doesn’t go far enough. I agree with Harris on the introduction of Medicare for all in the US (see why below). However, I think abolishing private health insurance altogether is a step too far. That is not actually what most countries with single-payer healthcare do, despite what many on the right in the US assume. I delayed posting this by a day so I could watch the Bernie Sanders CNN Town Hall in case there was anything new there. As he always has, Sanders proposes Medicare for all. I’m not a fan of The Bern, but I admit he’s much better at explaining the benefits of a universal, single-payer healthcare system. For example, he pointed out that as all doctors are part of the same system, people will, indeed, be able to keep their doctor. Other candidates will have different proposals. I hope one comes up with one that can appeal to a majority of USians as I think this is the issue this election will be fought on. Capitalism versus Socialism Doing away with private insurance altogether is a pure socialist model. I do not consider socialism a valid economic system. It simply doesn’t work because it’s simply not a natural way for humans to live. In those cases where a society has tried to enforce it (communism) it’s been a disaster. A capitalist system with elements of socialism is the best way to go in my opinion. For example, most of us consider things like a progressive tax system where the wealthy pay a bigger proportion of their income than the poor to be fairer. Again, despite what the GOP thinks, it’s better economically too. Some redistribution of wealth also makes a society healthier in general, and I don’t just mean physically healthier. That makes a society a safer and more pleasant place to be a part of. It is also better for society as a whole for some things to be under central control for efficiency and cost reasons. Infrastructure, education, law enforcement, courts, and the military are some examples. Most democracies have come to the realization that a single-payer healthcare system is one of the things that works better if it’s managed centrally. Note that although the US has a socialist system for infrastructure, education, law enforcement etc., that hasn’t meant there are no non-government options. There are still private schools, private security, and privately owned elements of infrastructure, including roads. The same can also be the case with single-payer healthcare, and indeed unless they’re communist, all countries with single-payer healthcare systems also have private healthcare options. Why Buy Private Health Insurance in a Country with Universal Healthcare? In a country with universal healthcare, private insurance is significantly cheaper than it is in the US. In New Zealand, those who purchase it do so for four main reasons: 1. They can choose the timing of elective surgery. 2. There are packages that cover items that aren’t covered by the public system e.g. in New Zealand prescription glasses and dental care for adults aren’t part of the public system. 3. They can have their elective surgery in more luxurious surroundings. 4. They can choose which specialist performs their surgery. The Market Doesn’t Work for Healthcare The main reason proponents of a capitalist system for healthcare give for supporting it is the cost. They say it’s cheaper and more efficient for the market to handle everything. I agree with the market forces model for many things, but there are multiple reasons why it shouldn’t be applied to healthcare. There is one main one that trumps all the others. The basic fact it that in reality, people have little or no choice when it comes to health provision. They just do what the medical professionals tell them and pay the bill. Oftentimes, they’re in no condition to make a choice anyway. Even if they’re completely lucid, they’re frequently still vulnerable in some way. Fear and lack of knowledge and just two major factors that are at play in almost all cases. There are many ways a universal healthcare policy can work. All the single-payer systems around the world are different and none is perfect. This gives the US a huge advantage. They have evidence from multiple systems and can make an informed choice about which elements to implement and how, to best effect. The Cost of US Healthcare Given the extra attention healthcare is getting in the US media these days, USians are beginning to become aware that, despite what they’ve been told, their healthcare system is neither the cheapest nor the best. The only system with a comparable cost to the US is Norway, and they provide benefits I can’t imagine the US even considering. The average expenditure of comparable countries shows health costs in the US are way out of kilter with the rest of the OECD. That’s why I said above the US could save trillions on healthcare. And that’s despite covering tens of millions more people. For their current high expenditure, you’d expect that the health of USians would be better than that of everyone else. But it’s not. Life expectancy in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, and elsewhere is significantly higher (at least a year) than in the US. One of the more shocking statistics is the infant mortality rate in the US. Largely because so many poor people don’t have adequate healthcare, the US has the highest infant mortality rate in the OECD. Why a Single-Payer System is Better There are multiple rationales why a universal system is better. They fall into three main categories. 1. It Benefits the Entire Economy Firstly, universal coverage is better for the whole economy. Long-Term Government Strategies (a) A government can focus on long-term prevention strategies. Policy makers can focus on prevention issues which have long-term benefits for the country. One of the things the New Zealand government (whichever party is currently leading it) has been working on for many years is smoking prevention. Long-term, this both improves the health of all and reduces healthcare costs. It’s the sort of thing that can be done when there is a long-term strategy in place. The private sector has no incentive to improve the overall health of the population. (b) Population education. Some of those that the NZ government has done or is doing include: smoking cessation, mental health illness awareness, family violence reduction, and healthy eating. (c) Society as a whole is healthier, which improves the output of the economy, reduces crime*, and increases overall well-being. *E.g. a study showed that 80% of prisoners had literacy difficulties because of childhood hearing issues. This, of course, had an impact on employment. If they had had the very inexpensive intervention of grommets put in as children, they might not have had to turn to crime to survive. That in turn saves all the police, justice, social support costs and more. Instead the person is a healthy, productive, member of society. (d) As everyone has access to primary healthcare, people do not wait until they are so sick they need to attend the Emergency Room at the hospital. Taking care of problems at an early stage is much cheaper for everyone, and also means people spend more time in work or education. (e) Employers have access to a healthier pool of workers that they can rely on to stay healthy for longer. (f) People are less stressed because they don’t have to worry about what will happen to them if something goes wrong. They know quality healthcare is available to them. (g) A population that is better looked after when it is younger will be healthier when it is older, thereby reducing the inevitable cost of looking after the elderly. This is particularly true because those who can’t afford health insurance are those that are more likely to be less healthy and therefore cost more as they age. (h) Because they don’t have to worry about affording healthcare, people are more likely to take the risk of starting a new business. Small businesses are the lifeblood of any economy, and making it easier to start a business is a boon to any economy. 2. Separating Healthcare from Employment Secondly, there’s the issue of separating healthcare provision from employment. This, on it’s own, is one of the major economic benefits of a single-payer system. (a) An employer is more likely to take on a new employee if they don’t have to worry about the hassle of arranging health insurance and the additional cost of providing that insurance. (b) The work force as a whole is more dynamic if a person’s healthcare remains consistent whatever their employment status. For example, people are more likely to be in a role that suits them and their talents best rather than one where they can get health insurance. (c) Smaller and more rural states have a better chance of retaining their people and attracting new ones because healthcare becomes more evenly available. Thus the divide between rural and urban states will reduce. (d) There is no barrier to increasing an employee’s hours or changing their status to make their employment more secure, thus benefiting both the employer and employee. (In the US these things can make providing health insurance mandatory.) (e) The cost of health insurance is not a barrier to a business increasing in size, making expansion more likely. (Going over 50 FTEs currently means a requirement to provide health insurance to staff in the US.) (f) The provision of health insurance doesn’t give large companies an advantage in hiring employees, so smaller employers are on a more equal footing when it comes to attracting the best. Therefore, smaller businesses have a better chance both of growth and success. Wages Should Rise (g) It takes a certain amount of power away from employers in employment contract negotiations and they are therefore more fair and balanced. (h) With health insurance as part of an employment package and insurance costs constantly increasing, wages don’t increase because the cost of providing insurance increases instead. Further, as insurance costs are tax deductible, the employer has an incentive to prefer them over wage increases. Note that in a universal system, some employers still provide private insurance for their employees. The reasons a person might still have private insurance noted above can also benefit an employer. 3. Increased Efficiency (a) The cost of healthcare will reduce for all because of the involvement in the whole population in paying for it via their taxes. (b) At the moment there is little or no incentive for healthcare providers to look at cutting costs or increasing efficiency. (Having said that, there are some who are doing good work in this ares.) Hospitals and other health providers put their costs up, insurance companies pay the extra, and those costs are passed on in the form of increased insurance costs. The cost of healthcare has been consistently and significantly ahead of inflation for decades. Some of this is due to things like technological advances and the availability of new treatments, but much of it is not. 4. Drug Costs Drug costs are also a major issue in the United States. California tried to do something about that at the last election, but unfortunately they weren’t successful. From Wikipedia: Proposition 61 was a California ballot proposition that appeared on the November 8, 2016 ballot. It would have prohibited the state of California from buying any prescription drug from a drug manufacturer at price over the lowest price paid for the drug by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. It would have exempted managed care programs funded through Medi-Cal. According to the fiscal impact statement issued by California Legislative Analyst’s Office, “potential for state savings of an unknown amount depending on (1) how the measure’s implementation challenges are addressed and (2) the responses of drug manufacturers regarding the provision and pricing of their drugs.” Proposition 61 was rejected by a vote of 47 to 53 percent. The Department of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) negotiates its drug costs in the same way that Pharmac does in New Zealand. This means that the VA pays by far the lowest cost for drugs in the US. However, drug companies donated over US$100 million (Bernie Sanders says US$131 million) to campaigns in California that oppose Proposition 61. There was also a lot of what looked to me like misinformation to me in relation to this issue. As a result, groups like Veterans of Foreign Wars have come out in strong opposition to the Proposition because they have been convinced that it will increase drug costs for veterans. This is just one example of how those with a stake in maintaining their profits muddy the information water. Consequences of High Drug Costs Real people are suffering and dying every day in the United States because of the failure of politicians to address this issue. It’s not going away, and it’s not going to get any easier. Policy makers have the advantage of being able to look at several models around the world and choosing the best bits from each to design an exceptional American system. For the sake of her population, let’s hope they find the courage. This story from CBS is about a young man (26) who died because he couldn’t afford his insulin. The cost was US$1,300 per month. Universal Coverage Around the World Insulin is one of the multiple drugs I take and one of the companies in this story makes the insulin I use. Because of the NZ health system, I pay NZ$20 per year for insulin. The most any family pays for drugs is NZ$100 per year. Once they reach that limit, prescription drugs are free for the rest of the year. Those with the lowest income levels, including all children, pay nothing. Even with the low price of drugs in New Zealand, there are still people who can’t afford their medication. Sometimes it’s simply because they can’t get to the pharmacy to collect it. I imagine the problem of people not getting the medication they need must be huge in the US considering that even with our system there are still people that have issues. Our system isn’t perfect, and most people in a country with universal healthcare still have complaints. Our governments constantly work to improve things, and in NZ at least, political parties have lost elections because of the way they manage the health system. However, most people generally accept that healthcare is something that a government should provide with our taxes. As can be seen by the graphic below though, whatever our complaints, those of us with universal healthcare systems prefer them to what the US has. The Future for the USA I think there is no doubt that the US will get universal healthcare. It’s only a matter of time. Despite all those who lobby against it, public opinion is now such that the politicians can’t ignore the issue. The people want universal healthcare. Politicians used to get away with saying it’s too expensive. They’d quote the amount taxes would need to increase without noting that no one would have to pay for private insurance anymore. Also, judging by costs in other countries, the cost is likely to be less than what the US currently pays per capita. Therefore, as well as not paying private insurance, the increase in taxes for most will be less than what they paid for insurance. The poor shouldn’t have to pay higher taxes either. Increases in the top marginal rates, with the biggest increases on the top five percent, would cover the cost without the poor having to pay any extra. The statistic that the three wealthiest people in the US are worth more than the poorest 50% of the population makes it clear who can and can’t afford higher taxes. And, despite what many Republicans will say, an increase in taxes for the wealthy will NOT slow economic growth. The opposite, however, would be true if the tax rate of the poor and lower middle class was increased. Universal healthcare is an investment in the people that will pay the country back in multiple ways. The US can’t afford not to get universal healthcare. Reference (and highly recommended) Leonhardt, David. Here’s the Deal (Kindle Single). Byliner Inc.. Kindle Edition. If you enjoyed reading this, please consider donating a dollar or two to help keep the site going. Thank you.

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Some people spell McIntosh - MacIntosh. This page is for all those people that do. Welcome to the world of MacIntosh apples at Honeycrisp.com, where the crisp, red delight of this classic apple variety comes to life. Dive into the juicy goodness of MacIntosh apples, a staple in orchards and homes for their unique tart flavor and tender, white flesh. On this page, we'll explore everything about the MacIntosh apple – from its rich history and distinctive characteristics to detailed information that apple enthusiasts crave. Learn about the journey of MacIntosh apples, from their discovery in Ontario, Canada, to becoming one of North America's most beloved apple varieties. We'll provide answers to frequently asked questions, delve into the nuances that make MacIntosh apples a favorite for fresh eating and cooking, and even sprinkle in a few jokes to keep things light and enjoyable. Whether you're an apple aficionado or just curious about this iconic fruit, join us as we uncover the story of MacIntosh apples, brought to you with the freshness and quality you've come to expect from Honeycrisp.com. - MacIntosh apples were discovered as a chance seedling by John MacIntosh in 1811. - The MacIntosh apple is aromatic, juicy, sweet and tangy-tart. - The tender white flesh of the MacIntosh make it an old time favorite. - MacIntosh apples are the perfect size for eating out of hand. - The MacIntosh skin has a deep red apple finish that sometimes carries a green blush. - Best known for applesauce & many enjoy its tart flavor in pies. - Want a traditional apple? Get yourself some Macs! As Grandma Jordan always said, "That new apple is nice, but I need a bushel of Macs!" - One of our most complimented products with positive feed back. - Some people call MacIntosh – MacIntosh or Macs - Why did the MacIntosh apple break up with the Cortland? Because it couldn't handle the constant 'core'-rections! - What did the MacIntosh apple say to the Granny Smith? "You may be green, but I've got that classic MacIntosh crunch!" - How does a MacIntosh apple keep its cool? It takes a refreshing dip in the cider bath! - Why did the MacIntosh apple go to the doctor? It was feeling a bit 'bruised' from falling for too many bad apples! - What did the MacIntosh apple say about getting delivered from Honeycrisp.com? "From The Farm To Your Door, it's like having a slice of paradise every time!" Expanded Information about MacIntosh Apples from Honeycrisp.com Origin and History: MacIntosh apples, cherished for their classic flavor and culinary versatility, have a rich history that traces back to Dundela, Ontario, Canada, in the early 19th century. They were discovered by John MacIntosh in 1811 as chance seedlings on his farm, and their popularity quickly spread throughout North America. The MacIntosh variety is a cross between the Fameuse (Snow) apple and the Detroit Red apple. Growing Conditions: MacIntosh apple trees thrive in regions with cooler climates, particularly in the northeastern United States and Canada. They prefer well-drained, moderately fertile soil and benefit from adequate moisture during the growing season. MacIntosh trees are relatively hardy but may be susceptible to certain diseases, requiring proper care and management. Tree Characteristics: MacIntosh apple trees are known for their moderate vigor and relatively compact size compared to other apple tree varieties. They possess a spreading growth habit, with branches that tend to droop under the weight of fruit. Pruning is essential to maintain tree health, shape, and fruiting efficiency. Physical Appearance: MacIntosh apples are medium-sized fruits with a round to slightly flattened shape. They feature a distinctive red and green skin coloration, often with dark red streaks and patches covering a greenish background. Their appearance is iconic, with a rustic charm that reflects their heritage and popularity. Flavor and Aroma Profile: MacIntosh apples are prized for their unique flavor profile, characterized by a balance of sweetness and tartness, with subtle floral undertones. They offer a tender, juicy flesh that is ideal for fresh eating, as well as cooking and baking. The aroma is mildly aromatic, evoking memories of crisp autumn days and harvest gatherings. Harvesting and Storage: MacIntosh apples are typically harvested in the fall, usually from late September to mid-October, depending on the specific growing region and climate. Proper handling and storage are crucial to maintain MacIntosh apples' quality, with cool, humid conditions being optimal for extended shelf life. Versatility in Culinary Use: MacIntosh apples are renowned for their culinary versatility, excelling in a wide range of dishes, including pies, sauces, salads, and cider. They break down easily when cooked, making them ideal for applesauce and apple butter, while their sweet-tart flavor enhances the taste of baked goods. Nutritional Value: MacIntosh apples offer nutritional benefits, including vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. They are a good source of vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber, contributing to overall health and well-being. Market Presence and Availability: MacIntosh apples are widely available in supermarkets, farmers' markets, orchards, and through online retailers like Honeycrisp.com. Their popularity transcends generations, appealing to apple enthusiasts, chefs, and consumers seeking high-quality, flavorful fruits. Popularity and Recognition: MacIntosh apples hold a special place in culinary traditions and cultural heritage, recognized for their classic flavor and nostalgic appeal. They continue to be celebrated as one of North America's most beloved apple varieties, appreciated for their versatility, taste, and historical significance. In summary, MacIntosh apples from Honeycrisp.com embody the essence of autumn, offering a delicious taste of tradition and craftsmanship straight from the orchard to your doorstep. Whether enjoyed fresh, baked into pies, or pressed into cider, MacIntosh apples deliver a burst of flavor and a touch of nostalgia with every bite, making them a perennial favorite among apple enthusiasts and culinary aficionados alike. Q&A - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT MACINTOSH APPLES From The Apple Crunchers of Honeycrisp.com Where is the best place to buy MacIntosh apples? - The best place to order MacIntosh apples is directly from Honeycrisp.com. By ordering from Honeycrisp.com, you get the freshest MacIntosh apples shipped directly from the farm to your door, ensuring maximum freshness and quality. Are there MacIntosh apples near me? - You can have MacIntosh apples delivered directly from Honeycrisp.com to your door. You get the freshest MacIntosh apples shipped directly from the farm to your door, ensuring maximum freshness and quality. If you live in the northeast you might have Orchards nearby that grow MacIntosh. But if not Honeycrisp.com has you covered. What distinguishes MacIntosh apples from other varieties? - MacIntosh apples are known for their tender, white flesh and a perfect blend of sweetness and tartness. They have a distinct, vinous flavor and a soft texture that makes them unique. How do MacIntosh apples taste? - MacIntosh apples offer a unique taste that is a delicious blend of sweet and tart, with a juicy, aromatic flesh that's highly refreshing. When are MacIntosh apples in season? - MacIntosh apples are typically picked in the early fall. Then stored correctly in controlled atmosphere storage can be available into July. Are MacIntosh apples good for cooking? - Yes, MacIntosh apples are excellent for cooking, especially for sauces and pies, as they break down easily when heated, creating a smooth, flavorful filling. Can you bake with MacIntosh apples? - While MacIntosh apples can be used for baking, they're best mixed with firmer apple varieties in pies and pastries to maintain structure, due to their softer texture. What is the best way to store MacIntosh apples? - To maintain their freshness, store MacIntosh apples in the refrigerator, preferably in the crisper drawer, at a cool temperature. How long do MacIntosh apples last? - When stored properly in the refrigerator, MacIntosh apples can last up to a few weeks. Where did MacIntosh apples originate? - MacIntosh apples originated in Canada in the early 19th century, making them one of North America's classic apple varieties. Are MacIntosh apples suitable for applesauce? - Yes, their soft texture and tangy flavor make MacIntosh apples an ideal choice for making smooth, delicious applesauce. Can MacIntosh apples be eaten raw? - Absolutely. Their juicy and tangy flavor profile makes MacIntosh apples a delightful snack when eaten fresh. Do MacIntosh apples have any health benefits? - MacIntosh apples, like all apple varieties, are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and various antioxidants, contributing to overall health and wellness. Are MacIntosh apples more affordable than other varieties? - MacIntosh apples are competitively priced with other apple varieties, offering good value for their delicious taste and nutritional benefits. Can MacIntosh apples be frozen? - Yes, you can freeze MacIntosh apples, either sliced or pureed, for later use in cooking and baking. How do MacIntosh apples compare with other apple varieties? - MacIntosh apples are softer and more tart than many other varieties, making them distinct for fresh eating and ideal for sauces and baking. What's the best use for MacIntosh apples? - They are particularly suited to making applesauce and cider, thanks to their juicy, tangy flavor and soft texture. Can MacIntosh apples be used in salads? - Yes, their tangy flavor and tender texture can add a delightful element to salads, especially when used shortly after slicing. How do you know when MacIntosh apples are ripe? - Ripe MacIntosh apples have a deep red color with a hint of green, are firm to the touch, and emit a subtly sweet aroma. Are MacIntosh apples good for juicing? - Yes, their high juice content and balanced sweet-tart flavor make MacIntosh apples excellent for juicing. Can I grow MacIntosh apples in my garden? - MacIntosh apples can be grown in temperate climates and require cross-pollination with another apple variety to produce fruit. What are the challenges of growing MacIntosh apples? - They are susceptible to certain diseases, like apple scab, and require careful management to ensure a healthy crop. How long does it take for a MacIntosh apple tree to bear fruit? - A MacIntosh apple tree can start bearing fruit in 4 to 5 years after planting, depending on the rootstock and growing conditions. Are there any special tips for cooking with MacIntosh apples? - Since MacIntosh apples soften significantly when cooked, they're best used in recipes where a smooth texture is desired, like sauces or fillings. Can MacIntosh apples be used for cider? - Absolutely, their juicy nature and balanced flavor contribute a classic apple taste to ciders. What makes MacIntosh apples so popular? - Their unique blend of tangy and sweet flavors, along with a tender, juicy texture, makes them a longstanding favorite among apple lovers. How should MacIntosh apples be selected at the store? - Look for apples that are firm with smooth, brightly colored skin, and avoid those with bruises or blemishes. Can MacIntosh apples be part of a healthy diet? - Yes, their nutritional content supports a healthy diet, providing fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. Are there any MacIntosh apple varieties? - The original MacIntosh variety remains the most popular, but there are several offshoots that have been bred for specific climates and tastes. How can MacIntosh apples impact cooking and baking? - Their ability to break down during cooking makes them perfect for smooth sauces and fillings, adding a depth of flavor and texture to recipes. Is MacIntosh apple like Cortland? · MacIntosh and Cortland apples are somewhat similar, both being classic northeastern varieties with a balance of sweet and tart flavors. MacIntosh apples tend to be softer and juicier with a more pronounced tartness than Cortland, which has a slightly firmer texture and is less tart. Is MacIntosh apple like Honeycrisp? · MacIntosh apples differ from Honeycrisp in texture and flavor. Honeycrisp apples are larger, crisper, and have a well-balanced sweet-tart flavor, while MacIntosh apples have a softer texture and a more tart profile. Is MacIntosh apple like Macoun? · MacIntosh and Macoun apples share some characteristics, as Macoun is a cross that includes MacIntosh. However, Macoun apples have a firmer texture and a more complex, wine-like flavor compared to the softer, more straightforwardly tart MacIntosh. Is MacIntosh apple like Fuji? · MacIntosh apples are quite different from Fuji apples, which are known for their high sweetness and firm, crisp texture. MacIntosh apples are softer and have a more tart flavor profile. Is MacIntosh apple like Gala? · Gala apples are sweeter and crisper than MacIntosh apples, which have a tender texture and a tart taste with a hint of sweetness. Is MacIntosh apple like Granny Smith? · Granny Smith apples are much firmer and tarter than MacIntosh apples. While both have a tartness to them, Granny Smith apples have a hard texture and are more acidic, making them ideal for baking, unlike the softer MacIntosh. Is MacIntosh apple like Red Delicious? · Red Delicious apples are very different from MacIntosh, with a mild, sweet flavor and a softer, mealy texture. MacIntosh apples are more tart and have a juicier, more tender flesh. Is MacIntosh apple like Golden Delicious? · Golden Delicious apples are sweeter and have a firmer, crisper texture compared to MacIntosh apples, which are known for their softer texture and more balanced sweet-tart flavor. Is MacIntosh apple like Rome? · Rome apples, often used for baking, have a firmer texture and a milder flavor than MacIntosh apples, which are juicier, softer, and more flavorful, often preferred for fresh eating or applesauce. Is MacIntosh apple like Winesap? · Winesap apples have a spicier, tart-sweet flavor and a firmer texture than MacIntosh apples, which are more tender and have a straightforward tartness. Is MacIntosh apple like Stayman? Stayman apples, a variety of Winesap, are firmer and more tart than MacIntosh apples. They have a complex, wine-like taste, while MacIntosh offers a simpler, more tart flavor. What's the history behind MacIntosh apples? - Discovered by John MacIntosh in 1811 in Ontario, Canada, MacIntosh apples have grown in popularity for over two centuries, cherished for their distinctive flavor and versatility. This extensive Q&A provides a thorough overview of MacIntosh apples, from their origins and culinary uses to tips for storage and selection, ensuring apple enthusiasts have all the information they need. Picking from the orchard, Crisp Red MacIntosh Apples for baking is a wonderful choice for several reasons: Flavor Profile: MacIntosh apples offer a perfect balance of sweet and tart flavors, which can enhance the taste of various baked goods. Their slightly tangy flavor complements the sweetness in desserts, adding depth and complexity. Texture: When baked, MacIntosh apples become tender without disintegrating completely. This makes them ideal for recipes where you want the apples to maintain some structure and create a soft, moist texture in the final dish. apples are great for a wide range of baked goods, from pies and tarts to muffins and cakes. Their flavor and texture can stand up to cooking and baking, making them a reliable choice for many recipes. apples are widely available in many regions, especially in the fall, making them an accessible choice for seasonal baking. Aroma: The natural fragrance of MacIntosh apples can fill your kitchen with a delightful scent during baking, enhancing the overall experience and creating a cozy, inviting In summary, Crisp Red MacIntosh Apples from the Orchard are celebrated in baking for their balanced flavor, desirable texture, versatility in recipes, widespread availability, and the delightful aroma they bring to the baking process. Questions or requests, reach out to us. [email protected] or call 518-695-4517 We look forward to delivering delicious apples to you or your lucky recipient! “From The Farm To Your Door”

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In an interview with The Leaky Cauldron and MuggleNet in July 2005, Rowling said, “Dumbledore’s guesses are never very far wide of the mark. I don’t want to give too much away here, but Dumbledore says, ‘There are four out there, you’ve got to get rid of four, and then you go for Voldemort.’ So that’s where he is, and that’s what he’s got to do. . . . . It’s a huge order. But Dumbledore has given him some pretty valuable clues and Harry, also, in the course of previous six books has amassed more knowledge than he realizes. That’s all I am going to say. So what were Dumbledore’s guesses? “The snake? said Harry, startled. “You can use animals as Horcruxes?” “Well, it is inadvisable to do so,” said Dumbledore, “because to confide a part of your soul to something that can think and move for itself is obviously a very risky business. However, if my calculations are correct, Voldemort was still at least one Horcrux short of his goal of six when he entered your parents’ house with the intention of killing you.” “He seems to have reserved the process of making Horcruxes for particularly significant deaths. You would certainly have been that. He believed that in killing you, he was destroying the danger the prophesy had outlined. He believed he was making himself invincible. I am sure that he was intending to make his final Horcrux with your death. “As we know, he failed. After an interval of some years, however, he used Nagini to kill an old Muggle man, and it might then have occurred to him to turn her into his last Horcrux. She underlines the Slytherin connection, which enhances Lord Voldemort’s mystique; I think he is perhaps as fond of her as he can be of anything; he certain likes to keep her close, and he seems to have an unusual amount of control over her, even for a Parselmouth.” “So,” said Harry, “the diary’s gone, the ring’s gone. The cup, the locket, and the snake are still intact, and you think there might be a Horcrux that once was something of Ravenclaw’s or Gryffindor’s?” “An admirably succinct and accurate summary, yes,” said Dumbledore, bowing his head. Before getting into the arguments for Nagini as Horcrux, an explanation must be given for Dumbledore’s assumption that Voldemort had used Nagini to kill Frank Bryce since we know Babymort cast an AK to kill Frank. First, Dumbledore was drawing a parallel to young Tom Riddle’s use of Slytherin’s basilisk to kill Moaning Myrtle, and second, Dumbledore knew from reading Muggle newspapers that Frank Bryce had disappeared without a trace (GF30), so Dumbledore may have assumed Nagini killed on Voldemort’s orders and ate Frank Bryce’s body, which was not a crazy assumption given that Voldemort planned to feed Harry’s body to Nagini after the rebirthing ceremony: “Nagini,” said the cold voice, “you are out of luck. I will not be feeding Wormtail to you, after all . . . but never mind, never mind . . . there is still Harry Potter . . . .”(GF29) We got our initial information about Horcruxes (“wickedest of magical inventions”) from Slughorn, who said a Horcrux is “an object in which a person has concealed part of their soul.” To make a Horcrux, the soul needs to be split first by a supreme act of evil—murder—so that a torn portion could be encased in the object. “Then, even if one’s body is attacked or destroyed, one cannot die, for part of the soul becomes earthbound and undamaged.” (HBP23) Slughorn did not know the spell used to encase the torn soul fragment in the object. We can expect that Dumbledore, who was hunting Voldemort’s Horcruxes, had learned all he could on the subject of making and destroying them, and we got more information about making Horcruxes from Dumbledore’s assumption that Voldemort had used Nagini to kill Frank Bryce and afterwards thought to turn her into a Horcrux. His supposition tells us: 1) the murder is what counts, not the method used to kill (killing curse, lethal poison, etc.), 2) it doesn’t matter whether the murderer killed directly or used a proxy he was controlling (Slytherin’s basilisk, Nagini), 3) the murderer doesn’t even need to be considering making a Horcrux at the time of the murder to be able to make a Horcrux from that murder after, and 4) the murder comes before the Horcrux is made rather than being an internal part of the Horcrux-making process. Since Voldemort was planning to use Harry’s death to make his final Horcrux, canon indicates Voldemort needed to kill Harry before performing the Horcrux ritual, and since the killing curse backfired and destroyed Voldemort’s body, he had no opportunity to make a Horcrux at Godric’s Hollow. Moreover, I suspect that since Horcruxes are the “wickedest of magical inventions,” they are created not with a flick of the wand and a word or two, but involve dark ritualist magic of the sort used for Voldemort’s rebirthing in the graveyard. That Voldemort would make a Horcrux out of Nagini didn’t make a lot of sense to me at first given that he wanted to use distinguished, durable vessels worthy of his soul fragments, so Nagini wouldn’t have been his choice if other options were available, but perhaps he felt vulnerable at the beginning of Goblet of Fire and Nagini was a good choice given his circumstances and needs at that time. Dumbledore said it’s not advisable to place a Horcrux in something that can move and think for itself, so under normal circumstances, Voldemort would not have chosen a living thing, but at the time he turned Nagini into a Horcrux, his circumstances weren’t normal. Voldemort is extremely independent (recall that even at age 11, he bragged about roaming London on his own, and he didn’t want Dumbledore’s help to find Diagon Alley and buy his school things), yet during Goblet of Fire when Babymort was newly back in the UK with Wormtail, he was vulnerable and dependent. His Legilimency skills told him Wormtail was repulsed by him and found the round-the-clock care he needed onerous. “And so you volunteer to go and fetch me a substitute? I wonder . . . perhaps the task of nursing me has become wearisome for you, Wormtail? Could this suggestion of abandoning the plan be nothing more than an attempt to desert me? “My Lord! I—I have no to wish to leave you, none at all—“ “Do not lie to me!” hissed the second voice. “I can always tell, Wormtail! You are regretting that you ever returned to me. I revolt you. I see you flinch when you look at me, feel you shudder when you touch me . . . “ “No! My devotion to your Lordship—“ “Your devotion is nothing more than cowardice. You would not be here if you had anywhere else to go. How am I to survive without you, when I need feeding every few hours? Who is to milk Nagini?” “But you seem so much stronger, My Lord—“ “Liar,” breathed the second voice. “I am no stronger, and few days alone would be enough to rob me of the little health I have regained under your clumsy care.” What was Babymort’s condition? “It was as though Wormtail had flipped over a stone and revealed something ugly, slimy, and blind—but worse, a hundred times worse. The thing Wormtail had been carrying had the shape of a crouched human child, except that Harry had never seen anything less like a child. It was hairless and scaly-looking, a dark, raw, reddish black. Its arms and legs were thin and feeble, and its face—no child ever had a face like that—flat and snakelike, with gleaming red eyes. The thing was almost helpless: it raised its thin arms, put them around Wormtail’s neck, and Wormtail lifted it. As he did so, his hood fell back, and Harry saw the look of revulsion on Wormtail’s weak, pale face in the firelight as he carried the creature to the rim of the cauldron. Voldemort knew it would be nearly a year before the ritual to restore him to a full body with Harry’s blood would be performed, and until then, he would be utterly dependent. Wormtail wasn’t happy with the situation, and Babymort knew it. So he may have decided to make a Horcrux out of Nagini for practical reasons. He would have more control over Nagini if she contained part of his soul, so he would be able to use her to keep Wormtail in line. If Wormtail did abandon him, Nagini would be able to act as his scout and messenger to find another Death Eater and lead him or her to the Riddle house. Voldemort clearly didn’t want his Death Eaters to see him as Babymort, which is why he and Wormtail made no contact with any all year except for the necessary contact with Barty Crouch, Jr. Voldemort didn’t summon them until he was back in a full body with full powers. One of the reasons I believe Voldemort wanted founders’ relics is that they often, if not always, have special magical powers. Hepzibah Smith said the Hufflepuff Cup and Slytherin Locket had “all sorts of powers” and we know Gryffindor’s Sorting Hat does. So where does Nagini fit in? In Hindu and Buddhist tradition, Nagas are a race of semi-divine snakes with great powers, and a female Naga is called a Nagini. Although we have never been told what kind of snake Nagini is, Nagas are traditionally depicted as large cobra-like snakes, and Nagini in GF1 was described as having an “ugly triangular head.” Nagas have an affinity for water, carry the Elixir of Life, and symbolize both fertility and immortality. In Malaysian tradition, the natural enemy of the Naga is a phoenix (Wikipedia). So Nagini’s name tells us she isn’t just a big snake. Rowling has tied all the traditional Naga associations to Nagini. Voldemort is a Slytherin by blood and house (water element). He used Nagini’s venom to keep himself alive during Goblet of Fire (Elixir of Life). Babymort’s description as being like a human child with a hairless, reddish-black, scaly body and flat snake-like face along with the use of the verb “milked” to collect Nagini’s venom suggest Nagini was used to get Vapormort into a rudimentary physical form (fertility); this last association is deliberate since there is a strong “mother” pattern in Goblet of Fire (Draco insulted Molly, Harry responded by insulting Narcissa, Mrs. Crouch died in Azkaban to free Barty, Jr., Molly and Bill stood in for Harry’s family, the dragons were brooding mothers, Charlie wrote to “Mum” after the first task to tell her Harry was fine, Voldemort spoke of Merope and Lily in the graveyard, Lily’s shade spoke to Harry during the Priori Incantatem spell, Molly embraced Harry in the hospital, and for the first time in his experience, he was hugged “as though by a mother,” etc.). So Voldemort’s use of Nagini to thwart death by making her into a Horcrux would complete the traditional Naga associations (immortality). Moreover, in “all mythological language the snake is also an emblem of immortality. Its endless representation with its tail in its mouth (Ouroboros), and the constant renewal of its skin and vigor, enliven the symbols of continued youth and eternity (Soror Ourania, “Thelemix and Therion Rising”). The Healers at St. Mungo’s had a hard time closing Arthur’s wounds because Nagini’s venom was so extraordinary, suggesting an unusual snake. If Nagini is a magical creature with special powers who was the means to Voldemort’s mini-rebirthing as appears, he would have reason to find her a significant vessel for his soul fragment. And she may even be a very long-lived magical snake, just as Slytherin’s basilisk was. Another reason Voldemort may have decided to use Nagini as a Horcrux in GF1 is that it gave Voldemort his set of seven Horcruxes, so he would have the magical power of seven during a time when he was vulnerable and preparing to kill the very boy who had somehow defeated him 13 years earlier (Voldemort didn’t know then that the diary had been destroyed). He might have used a more distinguished object even then (especially if he left his intended vessel behind at Godric’s Hollow), but then he would have had to involve Wormtail to get the object for him, and that would make Wormtail suspicious. Voldemort is not likely to have entrusted Wormtail with Horcrux information, but he would have been able to turn Nagini into a Horcrux using Frank Bryce’s murder without Wormtail’s being any the wiser. And since Voldemort and Nagini communicate in Parseltongue, Wormtail would not become suspicious that Voldemort seemed to be exercising greater control over Nagini than previously or would not know the reason for Voldemort’s greater control. Many people believe Dumbledore mentioned Nagini only as a hint to Harry that Harry himself was carrying a part of Voldemort’s soul in him, but that doesn’t work for me. Dumbledore learned his lesson about withholding vital information from Harry because Sirius died at the end of Order of the Phoenix and Harry would have died if not for Dumbledore’s nick-of-time intervention. From that, Dumbledore learned that withholding unpleasant news from Harry led to a disaster rather than averted one, so he wouldn’t make that mistake again. Moreover, for Dumbledore to suspect Harry has a piece of Voldemort’s soul in him but to tell Harry that Nagini is the likely Horcrux (and give several reasons why Voldemort would turn her into one) would be far worse than merely withholding information; it would be tantamount to setting up Harry’s failure by sending him in the wrong direction and potentially leaving him vulnerable to another of Voldemort’s traps. Rowling has given us passages indicating to us that Dumbledore’s confident hunch about Nagini’s being a Horcrux was not amiss. Consider how much control Voldemort had over Nagini while possessing her when Arthur Weasley was attacked outside the door to the Department of Mysteries in Order of the Phoenix. Nagini had to travel from Little Hangleton to London and then negotiate her way around the Ministry of Magic to get to the right floor and Department of Mysteries, and then return to Little Hangleton after attacking Arthur. During the attack, Harry dreamed he was inside Nagini: “The dream changed . . . . His body felt smooth, powerful, and flexible. He was gliding between shining metal bars, across, cold stone. . . . He was flat against the floor, sliding along on his belly. . . . It was dark, yet he could see objects around him shimmering in strange, vibrant colors. . . . He was turning his head. . . . At first glance, the corridor was empty . . . but no . . . a man was sitting on the floor ahead, his chin drooping onto his chest, his outline gleaming in the dark. . . . Harry put out his tongue. . . . He tested the man’s scent on the air. . . . He was alive but drowsing . . .sitting in front of a door at the end of the corridor . . . Harry longed to bite the man . . .but he must master the impulse . . . he had more important work to do . . . . But the man was stirring . . . a silvery cloak fell from his legs as he jumped to his feet; and Harry saw his vibrant, blurred outline towering above him, saw a wand withdrawn from a belt. . . .He had no choice. . . . He reared high from the floor and struck once, twice, three times, plunging his fangs deeply into the man’s flesh, feeling his ribs splinter beneath his jaws, feeling the warm gush of blood. . . . . The man was yelling in pain . . . then he fell silent. . . . He slumped backward against the wall. . . . Blood was splattering onto the floor. . . . His forehead hurt terribly. . . . It was aching fit to burst. . . . On the night Harry saw Arthur attacked by Nagini, Dumbledore ran a test with one of his little whirring, silver, smoky instruments. We don’t know what nonverbal command Dumbledore gave to the instrument when he tapped it with wand, but a after a few seconds, a snake took form out of the smoke. When Dumbledore said, “But it essence divided?” the smoky snake divided into two snakes. I don’t know for sure what Dumbledore meant by “in essence divided,” but he surely was performing an experiment directly related to Harry’s dream about the snake attack. “Dumbledore now swooped down upon one of the fragile silver instruments whose function Harry had never known, carried it over to his desk, sat down facing them again, and tapped it gently with the tip of his wand. The instruments tinkled into life at once with rhythmic clinking noises. Tiny puffs of pale green smoke issued from the miniscule silver tube at the top. Dumbledore watched the smoke closely, his brow furrowed, and after a few seconds, the tiny puffs became a steady stream of smoke that thickened and coiled in the air. . . . A serpent’s head grew out of the end of it, opening its mouth wide. Harry wondered whether the instrument was confirming his story: He looked eagerly at Dumbledore for a sign that he was right, but Dumbledore did not look up. “Naturally, naturally,” murmured Dumbledore apparently to himself, still observing the stream of smoke without the slightest sign of surprise. “But in essence divided?” Harry could make neither head nor tail of this question. The smoke serpent, however, split itself instantly into two snakes, both coiling and undulating in the dark air. With a look of grim satisfaction, Dumbledore gave the instrument another gentle tap with his wand: The clinking noise slowed and died, and the smoke serpents grew faint, became a formless haze, and vanished.” As Snape later told Harry, “You seem to have visited the snake’s mind because that was where the Dark Lord was at that particular moment” . . . “He was possessing the snake at the time and so you dreamed that you were inside it too. . . . “ (OP24) We don’t know what command Dumbledore gave the silver instrument, but I take this experiment as one of Dumbledore’s reasons for suspecting Voldemort may have turned Nagini into a Horcrux; it may have confirmed the possibility or likelihood of it, since Dumbledore was not 100% certain that Nagini was a Horcrux. I do believe that following Harry’s report and the experiment, Snape was asked to keep an eye on the interaction between Nagini and Voldemort and report back to Dumbledore. We do not know when Voldemort obtained Nagini, but Dumbledore knows the snake’s name, knows Voldemort likes to keep her close, and knows Voldemort has an unusual amount of control over her, even for a Parselmouth. How different was the snake dream from Harry’s owl dream at the end of Goblet of Fire. In the owl dream, the episode with Barty Crouch, Sr.’s stumbling out of the Forbidden Forest and subsequently disappearing had happened a couple of days earlier. Harry was sitting in Divination class when he fell asleep and began to dream: “He was riding on the back of an eagle owl, soaring through the clear blue sky toward an old, ivy-covered house set high on a hillside. Lower and lower they flew, the wind blowing pleasantly in Harry’s face, until they reached a dark and broken window in the upper story of the house and entered. Now they were flying along a gloomy passageway, to a room at the very end . . . through the door they went, into a dark room whose windows were boarded up. . . . Harry had left the owl’s back . . .he was watching, now, as it fluttered across the room, into a chair with its back to him. . . . There were two dark shapes on the floor beside the chair . . .both of them were stirring. . . . One was a huge snake . . .the other was a man . . .a short, balding man, a man with watery eyes and a pointed nose . . .he was wheezing and sobbing on the hearth rug. . . . “You are in luck, Wormtail,” said a cold, high-pitched voice from the depths of the chair in which the owl had landed. “You are very fortunate indeed. Your blunder has not ruined everything. He is dead.” Harry awoke from the dream with his scar burning from Voldemort’s torture of Wormtail, but what strikes me is that Harry dreamt he was the snake in Order of the Phoenix whereas he dreamt he was merely flying next to the owl in the Goblet of Fire dream. In the snake dream, Voldemort was possessing Nagini, so Harry was mentally inside Nagini’s body along with Voldemort’s mind, whereas in the owl dream, Harry was flying alongside the bird because Voldemort’s mind was only dwelling on the owl that would bring news of Barty Crouch, Sr.’s escape from Wormtail, not possessing the owl. In both dreams, Harry’s scar connection was to Voldemort’s mind. Dumbledore told Harry at the end of Order of the Phoenix that on the night of the snake attack on Arthur, Harry had “entered so far into his mind and thoughts that he sensed your presence.” (OP7) And indeed, on her website, Rowling has described the scar as forging a mind-to-mind connection between Harry and Voldemort: “In choosing which boy to murder, he was also (without realising it) choosing which boy to anoint as the Chosen One—to give him tools no other wizard possessed—the scar and the ability it conferred, a magical window into Voldemort’s mind.” Rowling appears to me to be working with a tripartite anthropology (body + mind + soul) rather than a bipartite anthropology (body + soul). From what I’ve read in the six books to date, the soul is an essence that enables self-awareness, but it is separate from the conscious mind/brain. A big hint came in Prisoner of Azkaban when Lupin described what happens when a dementor’s kiss sucks the soul out of a person. The victim’s brain could be working, but he or she would have no memories because the soul enables self-awareness. Clearly there must be another animating force keeping the body alive, so the bipartite model doesn’t fit: “You can exist without your soul, you know, as long as your brain and heart are still working. But you’ll have no sense of self anymore, no memory, no … anything. There’s no chance at all of recovery. You’ll just—exist. As an empty shell. And your soul is gone forever … lost.”(PA12) In Half-Blood Prince, Dumbledore distinguished between Voldemort’s soul on one hand and his mind/powers on the other, and it’s a curious statement given that Vapormort was without a physical brain for 13 years, so he must be referring to the conscious mind of Vapormort’s spectral self during those years of exile in Albania: . . . “Without his Hocruxes, Voldemort will be a mortal man with a maimed and diminished soul. Never forget, though, that while his soul may be damaged beyond repair, his brain and his magical powers remain intact(HBP23) So it seems Dumbledore was correct when he told Harry in Chamber of Secrets that Voldemort had unintentionally transferred some of his powers into Harry: “You can speak Parseltongue, Harry,” said Dumbledore calmly, “because Lord Voldemort—who is the last remaining ancestor of Salazar Slytherin—can speak Parseltongue. Unless I’m much mistaken, he transferred some of his own powers to you the night he gave you that scar. Not something he intended to do, I’m sure. . . . “ ‘”Voldemort put a bit of himself in me?” Harry said, thunderstruck. “It certainly seems so.” “So I should be in Slytherin,” Harry said, looking desperately into Dumbledore’s face. “The Sorting Hat could see Slytherin’s power in me, and it—“ Some of Slytherin’s/Voldemort’s power had been transferred into Harry when the killing curse backfired, not some of Voldemort’s soul. There are two clues that support the transfer of mind/powers to Harry. The brain that attacked Ron in the Department of Mysteries left “thought scars” on Ron’s arms, and according to Madam Pomfrey, “thoughts could leave deeper scarring than almost anything else.” (OP38). The Sorting Hat is the other clue since Rowling has unequivocally stated it is not a Horcrux, yet the Sorting Hat is able to communicate telepathically with the students wearing it and it looks into their minds to assess their current and potential abilities (intelligence, magical talent, ambition, fair-mindedness, etc.). Most importantly, we know from the Hat that it’s able to do those things because “the founders put some brains in me.” (GF12) Moreover, the killing curse didn’t work against Harry as Voldemort expected because of the “ancient magic” protecting Harry invoked by Lily’s sacrificial death, and that’s a powerful reason for me to reject Harrycrux or Scarcrux theories. It was ancient protective magic invoked because she loved Harry so much she chose to die to protect him even when given the chance to live. So thematically, it just doesn’t work that Lily’s sacrifice and the magical protection her death imparted to Harry turned her baby into the “wickedest of magical inventions,” even accidentally. However, the power transfer and mind-to-mind scar connection are consistent with that ancient protective magic because Harry now has tools no other wizard possesses, tools that will enable him to vanquish the Dark Lord per the prophesy. Harry has been marked as Voldemort’s equal because he shares some of Voldemort’s unique powers and because the scar gives him a magical window into Voldemort’s mind as Dumbledore and Rowling have stated. These tools and powers are neutral, not evil, as we’ve seen: Harry’s ability to speak Parseltongue led to his freeing the boa at the zoo, saving Justin from a snake attack during the dueling match, and opening the Chamber of Secrets to save Ginny and defeat Diarymort. As Dumbledore said, Parseltongue is also a gift found among the great and the good. It’s true that Harry has entertained thoughts of torturing Severus Snape, but I think one of the reasons Rowling showed us James’s and Sirius’s dark side is so we would not assume Harry’s own temptations and occasional horrendous behavior are a consequence of the powers transferred to him at Godric’s Hollow. I for one can imagine James daydreaming about torturing Snape. Sirius set Snape up to be killed or become a werewolf when they were only 16 years old. And we know James and Sirius weren’t Voldemort’s Horcruxes. So while these arguments do not prove Nagini is a Horcrux and while this is not an exhaustive rebuttal of Harrycrux and Scarcrux theories, I do believe canon evidence for Nagini as the sixth Horcrux is far superior to arguments that Harry is an accidental Horcrux. While Dumbledore was not 100% sure of Nagini, he was confident enough to specifically name her and give reasons why Voldemort would have turned her into one. Moreover, Nagini as the sixth Horcrux is consistent with Rowling’s comment that Dumbledore’s guesses are never very far wide of the mark. Travis Prinzi (http://swordofgryffindor.com/), who is not convinced that Nagini is a Horcrux argues that “not very far wide of the mark” is not the same as “always on the mark,” and that’s a fair point. But I believe the wiggle room is in the mystery Horcrux: “and you think there might be a Horcrux that once was something of Ravenclaw’s or Gryffindor’s?” My theory is that the mystery Horcrux is not a true founder’s relic like Slytherin’s locket, but is a founder family heirloom like the Peverell ring, which would make “a Horcrux that once was something of Ravenclaw’s or Gryffindor’s” slightly off the mark. (http://felicitys-mind.livejournal.com/2342.html) Since Dumbledore’s description of the mystery Horcrux was vague to begin with and since the trio have the example of the Peverell ring to guide them, the “slightly off the mark” description of the mystery Horcrux isn’t dangerously misleading. Harrycrux or Scarcrux would be very far off the mark relative to Dumbledore’s list. However, I do agree with Travis that Rowling has likely written the series to date in a way that readers will wonder if a part of Voldemort’s soul was transferred into Harry at Godric’s Hollow; she does love the game, but I think canon evidence is against Harrycrux or Scarcrux. A final reason why Nagini is probably the sixth Horcrux is that this is a fabulous plot set-up for Harry’s ability to speak Parseltongue. After all, both Harry and Voldemort speak Parseltongue, and it’s a key way in which Voldemort marked Harry as his equal. We haven’t seen Harry use that ability since Chamber of Secrets, and while it was the means by which Harry opened the Chamber, we didn’t see Harry attempt to speak Parseltongue to the basilisk, and we didn’t see Harry attempt to speak Parseltongue to Nagini in the graveyard. We will most definitely see him speak Parseltongue to Nagini and Voldemort in Book 7, and how much more dramatic will it be if Nagini is Voldemort’s last remaining hope for immortality? By the time of their final confrontation, I expect Voldemort will know Harry has destroyed his Horcruxes other than Nagini, yet he may feel secure with Nagini as a Horcrux since he would not expect anyone to guess he had made a Horcrux out of an animal (which is why Harry’s dream of the attack on Arthur was so important to Dumbledore’s Horcrux guesses). Voldemort keeps Nagini close, so it’s likely that Harry won’t meet up with Nagini until the final face-off with Voldemort. I’ve been convinced by arguments that Harry will not personally use the Avada Kedavra to kill Voldemort. We know their wands won’t work properly against each other, Snape warned Harry away from Unforgivable Curses and instead “told him” to practice Occlumency and non-verbal spells, and most importantly, I don’t think Rowling would want Harry to use the killing curse, even to destroy Voldemort. It will certainly be dramatic when both Voldemort and Harry attempt to control Nagini by speaking Parseltongue to her, and I can see a replay of the graveyard scene when just as Harry’s powers were able to move the bead of light into Voldemort’s wand to produce the Priori Incantatem effect, so Harry’s powers will be greater than Voldemort’s in controlling Nagini when she is not being possessed by Voldemort. I’m wondering if Voldemort will possess Nagini as a way to attack Harry and reassert control. My reason for speculating so is that I’ve noticed traces of Milton’s Paradise Lost in the HP series, especially in Voldemort’s increasingly snake-like appearance and in Voldemort’s “stupidly good” offer to let Lily live (a parallel to Satan’s “stupidly good” moment when he saw Eve), and it’s occurred to me that just as Satan is literally turned into a snake at the end of Paradise Lost, Voldemort may take possession of Nagini and literally become a snake before Harry finally vanquishes him.

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On this page we attempt to make available the experience of individual bicycle tourists who travel to Malaysia (you can share your experiences here). Table of Contents Cycling South East Asia I am building a touring resource for cyclist in South East Asia at www.silkwheels.com. The site is primarily my own routes but will be developed to hold other cyclists tales and experiences. There is also a forum for Q & A.Simon Stewart, October 06, 2007 bicycle land travel in malaysia it's any information degarding bicycle link in malaysialim wei ing, July 28, 2007 Airline Bike Policy We travelled from Adelaide - Australia with Malaysian Airlines to Kuala Lumpur, KLM to Amsterdam, and Aerlingus to Dublin in August 2005. We were told By KLM (who issued the tickets) bikes would cost 80 Euros and MUST be boxed. When my partner left 2 weeks before me she was charged A$140.00 as the Quantas staff acting on behalf of Malaysian Airlines who ran the flight on behalf of KLM ... insisted the bikes was excess bagage..!! 2 weeks later when I left there was no charge....!! On the way home the 80 Euros charge was confirmed by KLM. But when booking in with Aerlingus who ran the first leg to Amsterdam on behalf of KLM the fee we paid was 25 Euros per bike. Bikes were boxed and suffered considerable damage to the boxes each time - only minor damage was done to the bikes - scratches , broken tail & headlights. lunch papers and other rubbish had been pushed in through some of the many holes in the boxes on the way over. Train Malaysia (Pinang->KL) Taking the train with the bicycle is done the same way as Thaiiland. Hand over your bicycle to the bagage depot and its moved into the cargo wagon (on the same train). Note that for traveling to Kuala Lumpur you have to pick-up your bicycle at Kuala Lumpur station, not on the station you arrive (KL central). With the same ticket you can go by commuter to this station (one station away from KL central), which is the old station of Kuala Lumpur. Piece of cake.Raymond Thuring, August 22, 2004 Tandem Cycle Touring - Malaysia, Thailand, China, Mongolia, New Zealand Freewheelers is a non-commerical website on tandem cycling in UK, New ZEALAND, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Mongolia (still in progress). Contains route description and country info, equipment ratings, travelogue.Alistair Morris, February 29, 2004 Taipei / Taiwan - Kuala Lumpur - Rome with Malaysia Air We left Taipei International Airport with Malaysia Air via Kuala Lumpur to Rome, Italy. We carried two packed touring bikes and many bags with a total weight of 80 kg (incl. the bikes). The travel agent told us that the max. baggage weight with Malaysia Air will be 20 kg each in economy class. Later we called the counter at the airport that granted an extra bonus of 5 kg each without any arguments, allowing a total of 50 kg for the two of us. Any extra kilo would be charged at check in with 882 NTD, thatâs about 25 USD, they said. The big shock was when they wanted to weight not only the bags, but the bikes as well. But amazingly the balance measured a total of 49 kg only. Afterwards on arrival in Rome we measured our two pieces of hand luggage (nobody cared about their heaviness before) and they made an impressing 30 kg together!!! Information on getting around in Malaysia on a tandem Hi there. Those of you want to know whether it is feasible to travel by tandem or bicycle from Kuala Lumpur International Airport(KLIA) to city and getting away from there, please refer to my site for info. Site is updated every time whenever I have more info. Excess baggage charge for bicycle I just finished a bike trip in Eastern Europe in August. I had an excellent trip except my baggage story. I flew with Malaysia Airlines with a bicycle from Taipei, Taiwan to Amsterdam. When I flew back from Amsterdam, they charged me overweight fees for 10 kg and 1 kg is 48.3 Euro. That is 483 Euro. I found this to be an extraordinary amount of money, especially since I was under the assumption my bicycle could travel for free, as it had done on the first flight. I reluctantly paid the 483 Euro, which is they insisted on "excess baggage charge" policy. I wrote a letter to Malaysia Airlines head office in Malaysia to ask for a partial or full reimbursement back. I asked nicely to see bicycles in the sport equipment category and should be charged by piece, not charged by weight. Of course, I didn't get any money back. They described their baggage policy again and ignored my point. I paid 700 Euro on my air ticket, and I had to pay 483 Euro on the overweight fees of my bicycle. That's what I get with cheap flight. I would not recommend flight with Malaysia Airlines who will travel with sport equipments. The service on the plane is good but the attitude and the way they dealt with my issue is bad. Make sure the airline's regulations before you go. I paid for the lesson! Touring in Borneo, Malaysia WILDBORNEO.net -- a truly local site dedicated to Malaysian Nature and Travel! Iâd appreciate if you place a link on your website to WILDBORNEO.net. To learn more about WILDBORNEO.net or Malaysian Nature and Travel visit our website at http://wildborneo.net Flew from Manchester UK to Penang Malaysia Used VK bike box which contained bike with pedals turned inwards, bars turned in and wheels removed. Used pipe lagging on bike tubes. Packed case with other luggage/clothes. No problem checking in - was sent through on transfer. Absolutely perfect - Singapore airlines are A1! Found on: [email protected] London Heathrow has four terminals, 1, 2 and 3 in the central area connected by shuttles and walkways. Teminal 4 is some distance away. BA transatlantic flight all use Terminal 4, BA domestic use T1 and most European airlines use T2. When transfering terminals, passengers do not collect luggage or pass through customs, all transfers are done by bus and you remain airside. When using BA, they have not required any boxing of cycles or even a plastic bag. The check in staff said it's easier to handle a bike when it can be wheeled around rather than carried. In over 30 trips on various airlines around the world only once has an airline asked for the cycle to be boxed or covered by a plastic bag and that was when flying on United to Canada from London. On all these trips only once has any damage occurred, that was on Malaysian Airlines. S&S Machine Couplings This is my 2nd trip flying from San Francisco, California to Ipoh, Malaysia. On my earlier trip I flew with a full size metal bike box. On this trip, I managed to get a steel road bike that came with S&S couplers. I used standard lugguage (cost me $40 at a flea market) to pack the S&S road bike. Took about an hour 1st time pack it, not too bad. zero problem with the bike. no questions asked, no delay. Bike came out intact, no damage. I took a few pictures on the bike and how I packed it: http://albums.photopoint.com/j/AlbumIndex?u=657797&a=11708528&f=0 I spent 3 weeks in Ipoh, train/ride/race with my Ipoh buddies, went thru muds, tons of water, monsoon downpour. Bike gets lots of attention, probably the 1st S&S bike in Malaysia. The local cyclist/non-cyclists all try to figure out what kind of secret weapon I have installed on my bike??!! Since the bike is stainless steel, so it's ok. Only when I loosen the coupler, about half a gallon of water came out from the top/down tube!! This is one of the best, most pain free bike trip! PS: If you could plan around early Feb to travel to Malaysia, you might got to see the Tour De Langkawi. Transporting Bike from Singapore to Thailand December 1998 : I wanted to go from Singapore to Southern Thailand to meet up with some friends for a cycling trip. They had put their bikes on the RTM goods train in Singapore the day before they themselves went on the train to Tumpat (near Kota Bharu) and then got the Thai Railways train to Hat Yai. I could not leave until the following day so I cycled from Singapore via Johore Bharu, took a Malaysian Airlines plane from Senai via KL to Kota Bharu, and then cycled over the thai border at Sungei Golok. I wasn't charged anything for carrying the bike so it cost me less than the train would have done. This is because internal MAS flights are much cheaper than international flights, even though the distance is almost the same. Other than letting some air out of the tyres I didn't have to do anything about the bike and it was transported unscathed. Ground staff at these provincial airports tend to be rather relaxed. The 2-hour ride from Singapore to Senai (Johore Bharu airport) wasn't too bad other than the causeway, and the 2-hour ride from KB to Thailand was lovely. I had some suspicious looks from the customs at Sungei Golok who (looking at my passport stamps) thought that I had ridden from Singapore to Thailand in one day! Bike transport on train in Thailand I have used trains in Thailand. Travelled about a thousand miles in total, and every journey I slept with my bike in the guards van. I wouldn't like to leave my bike unattended on a Thai train. The guards actually asked me to stay with the bike. The bonus to this was that when the guards ate their meals I got some of their food -excellent!! One journey cost $8.00 and travelled a distance of 700 miles in 18 hours (it stopped about 100 times). I used a map to show the railway ticket office which stations I wanted to get off at. Oh, I needed help lifting my fully laden bike the three or four feet up to the guards van door, but you will find everyone is willing to help out. I had a friend (Carl Helliwell) who rode a train out of Calcutta with his bike and 'lost' a pannier , and another friend (Dave Collinge) caught the train from Malaysia into Thailand and had his camera whipped by organised thieves at the border crosssing (where passengers must get off the train). Malaysian Air System,Auckland-KL, KL-Yangon (Rangoon)Malaysian Air System. I flew Auckland-KL, KL-Yangon (Rangoon) return and KL-London. (1998/99) MAS allow you 15kg of sporting equipment for free in addition to your 20kg baggage. Again minimal preparation and very rapid check-in at all the airports. The new Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) does have a cycle access route (approach from Rawang side not Sepang), which is fortunate as all the local roads are motorways. Whether you can find the way is another matter, as none of these roads are on any maps yet. I was able to put my bicycle on the express bus service to the town centre without charge. However this service involves trans-shipping you onto a minibus at a bus depot about 10km from the city centre. The minibus took my bike into the city centre without any problem, though I had a long discussion to get them to accept it in the reverse direction. You could probably cycle to the bus depot - although on a motorway it is only a short distance from a junction. Currently you cannot put a bike on Malaysian trains, so the proposed rail-link to the airport may not help. Yangon Airport is 20km from city centre. You can get good city maps from the tourist board at the airport. The airport is just around the corner from the Highway Bus Station (long distance bus station) - so you might like to go straight there to book your bus ticket up country before going into town. Ivan Viehoff, August 01, 2000 I used a custom aluminum medal hard case (silver color) to pack my bike. Check in on San Francisco (SFO) airport with China Airlines, flying to destination Ipoh, Malaysia. Airline just asked me what in it, I reply sports equipment, they let me check in as checkin luggage. When I arrived in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the airline found out my bike case was delayed at Taipei. I continued my flight from KL to Ipoh, Malaysia. They rushed me the case next day to Ipoh and I just picked it up from the airport, custom was easy, they ask what's in it, told them it's a bike I used for training/exercise and will bring in back to US after I done with the trip. My dad (from Ipoh) drives a Jeep SUV, so transport the bike to my house in Ipoh was no problem. On the return trip from Ipoh back to SF also problem free, check the case in at Ipoh airport all the way to SF. Case arrived unharmed in SFO airport. So, transporting the bike was relatively problem free except the 1 day delay when it arrived to Ipoh. Ipoh is a relatively small town (300,000 population), 2 flights a day Ipoh - KL (capital of Malaysia). Kwan Seng Low , April 10, 2000 Jan Boonstra's touring site Jan Boonstra's touring site specializes in Korea and the far eastJan Boonstra, March 20, 1999 There are two ways of getting into Thailand from Malaysia: through either Padang Besar or Kota Baru. These 2 places may be accessed by train, where you need to get off and pedal across the border. At Padang Besar, the border is just across from the train station; while at Kota Baru, it is about 15 km to the border. Border formalities are pretty straightforward.Mark Grosse, July 11, 1997 Recently in light of all the talk regarding the hidden cost differences between airlines. I made an inquiry to the Kansai Airport (Osaka , Japan) branch of Malaysian Airlines about their policy on bicycles as check-in luggage. I was sent a whole scree of photocopied regulations and a letter. The letter mentioned (as I interpreted it to mean) that the bicycle would be treated as a fragile item - no explanation was given of the consequences. However one of the photocopies was of a 'limited release' (based on the assumption that a bicycle is a fragile or inadequately packed object) that I would be asked to sign. I plan to pack the bike wrapped in my sleeping bag in a cardboard box, unfortunately there is no option that I will take a hard case. Is such a limited release a fair one in this situation? Can I expect to be able to take the bike on the plane if I refuse to sign it? Any advice from anyone would be apreciated. Mailing Address Urban Nakasuga B202, Nishitomii 1259-3, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama-ken 710, Japan. Phone +81-86-422-1658Roderick Oliver, July 03, 1997 I flew into Singapore on United (bike flew for free in a United box I paid $10 for). On my return flight, United had no boxes, but they accepted it unboxed at no charge. After going through customs in San Francisco, they insisted it be boxed on the domestic portion of my flight, but they gave me a free box. We rode from the Singapore airport into the city in the middle of the night. There was a bike path which began near the airport that went about halfway into town along the waterfront. We also rode back to the airport (at dawn) for our return flight. Both trips were OK. I flew from Penang to Singapore on Singapore Airlines. Bike flew for free, unboxed. Service was superb. Our check-in agent came running to find us at the gate, just to inform us that he had let some air! out of the tires in case of airplane depressuration. He didn't want us to be alarmed when we retrieved our bikes in Singapore! I also put my bike on a bus from Kota Bahru to Penang. It was a modern bus, air conditioned, video, etc., but I had to take the bike apart to fit it in the baggage compartment. The biking was great along the entire East Coast of Malaysia plus the island of Penang. Only exception was first day from Singapore to Kota Tinggi, which was hellish due to unbelievable traffic. The next day to Mersing was exactly the opposite: little traffic, and sublime riding through rainforest. Saw lots of monkeys that day!Neal Teplitz, May 22, 1996

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Streamlining the Hospital Supply Chain: Just What the Doctor Ordered As hospitals begin transforming to adapt to new healthcare initiatives, they are easing the pain by restructuring and streamlining supply chain operations. The hospital supply chain is in a transformative phase, as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) drives opportunity for cost savings and better collaboration to deliver quality patient care. Opportunities to restructure operations abound, and major challenges are underway. While the ACA is intended to drive down patient healthcare costs, supply chain analysts and association leaders are adamant that hospitals need a better balancing act when it comes to streamlining their processes. With margins declining along the healthcare supply chain, providers are reevaluating operation models and best practices by integrating technologies ranging from RFIDs to bar coding, and working with management firms to refocus staffing structures. While the ACA has had a deep impact on the structure of supply chain operations, it is only one element of the overall transformation. In 2013, the Health Industry Distributor’s Association (HIDA) collaborated with global management consulting firm McKinsey & Company to publish the Thought Leaders: Healthcare Supply Chain 2015 report. Healthcare providers and executives across medical supply companies reflected on dramatic changes in their operations and efforts, due in part to the ACA and other key factors, including an impending nationwide physician shortage and increasing adoption of information technology. Overall, the providers surveyed indicated that they plan to lean on manufacturers and distributors for partnerships to help them buffer key issues across their supply chain. One such issue is gradual and steep hospital margin declines due to lower reimbursements. Drawing from dozens of interviews, HIDA revealed providers expect operating margin declines of up to 30 percent between 2011 to 2015, with one supply chain vice president noting, "Our entire margin is expected to evaporate starting in 2014 because of the lower reimbursement." Prior to the ACA, hospitals were reimbursed based on volume, when patient intake, material consumption, and services determined payout. Now, hospital reimbursements are incentive- and performance-based. A key driver behind this model shift is the ACA’s Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program, known as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS), which rewards acute care hospitals based on the quality of care provided to Medicare patients. CMS also rewards hospitals based on how closely they follow best clinical practices, and how well each hospital enhances patient stays. Meeting Medicare Margins "With federal reimbursements cut year-over-year, hospitals have to look at different ways to operate within ‘Medicare margins,’" says James Spann, global supply chain practice leader for healthcare management consulting firm Simpler Consulting. "They can do a few things to provide distinctive value for patients." The first step is through value analysis, by determining the best delivered value of products and services, Spann explains. The HIDA report lists top recommendations to drive the next level of supply chain savings. Among them is addressing end-to-end supply chain costs and refocusing efforts on data standardization, which Spann emphasizes as one of his top solutions. In order to universally adopt data standards, experts across organizations advise creating campaigns to promote data standardization, building a working team of experts across companies to discuss adoption processes and identify requirements, and demonstrate how data standards can lead to cost savings. Standardizing systems is particularly helpful at a time when mergers and acquisitions are at a significant peak. In 2013, 98 hospital and health system combinations were announced, reflecting an uptick of three percent from the previous year, and 51-percent growth over 2010, according to analysis by Kaufman Hall. "Our analysis confirms hospitals and health systems are continuing to pursue partnership arrangements as one approach to accessing the enhanced infrastructure necessary to provide care successfully in the changing environment," said Michael Finnerty, managing director of Kaufman Hall, in a statement release. "The Affordable Care Act certainly created the incentives for value-based purchasing and consolidation," says Curtis Rooney, president of the Healthcare Supply Chain Association. "Consolidation has been ongoing, and mergers and acquisitions are huge. Predictions say in the next 10 years, 5,000 hospitals will turn into 500 health systems. "I’m not sure if that will actually happen, but the driver will be the same for everyone: efficiency," he adds. Getting Ahead of the Game From Rooney’s perspective, the boost in mergers and acquisitions provides the greatest room for growth, especially as providers strategize for 2015 and beyond. "For providers, the low-hanging fruit is a merger or hospital acquisition," he says. "If they can standardize systems on one platform, and collect data seamlessly, they’re way ahead of the game. "The healthcare system, particularly the supply chain, is filled with inefficiencies," he adds. "Think about it in terms of a bar-code that starts from the warehouse door and moves all the way to the electronic health record at the patient’s bedside. All those interactions and information exchanges along the way need to be captured and modified in a standardized way to allow for free flow of information." "Hospitals have to look at how they manage what I call the ‘profit curve’—as they move up over time, they want to increase profitability or reduce cost. They can do that through pricing programs, standardization, and consolidation," Spann says. "They start to be most effective when they evaluate how to utilize assets and capital." Across health systems, supply chain leaders stress that hospitals need to address clinical-evidenced-based support. "Physician engagement is a huge part of that strategy," notes Spann. "How hospitals help manage physician preference items, the items physicians order, and the supplies that they need to impact patient care is paramount. Hospitals need to integrate the physicians, and align them within the supply chain of the products and services they bring in to support patient care." Statistics on the medical device side of the supply chain and the physician disconnect are telling. Few orthopedic surgeons know the dollar value of the devices they commonly implant in their patients, finds a 2014 study published in Health Affairs. In fact, 36 percent of physicians and 75 percent of residents rate their knowledge of device costs as "poor" or "below average," even though more than 80 percent of the same group indicate the cost should be "moderately," "very," or "extremely" important in the device selection process. There is work to be done to bridge the gap between the physician and medical device supply chain, as the study suggests. The research also reveals that of the 503 physicians who completed the survey, attending physicians only correctly estimate the cost of a device 21 percent of the time. dollars and devices Despite this, medical device costs are rising, albeit slowly. In 2010, medical device spending totaled $156.3 billion or six percent of total national health expenditures, according to the Advanced Medical Technology Association. Over the course of 22 years, from 1989 to 2010, national medical device spending has grown slightly as a percentage of National Health Expenditures, from 5.3 to six percent. But Gartner Research underscores some good news amid the rising costs along the supply chain. Its studies reveal that providers can save five to 15 percent by implementing better strategies to analyze and control goods and services purchases. For supply chain executives, such statistics and studies illustrate the need to move fast to structure their organizations for better access to—and understanding of—medical devices and other supplies among hospital staff, not just among physicians. "If you leave purchasing up to the clinical staff, they will overstock to avoid not having a product to provide patient care," says Luis Martinez, who represents MD Buyline, a healthcare and hospital supply chain management solutions company. "While that’s understandable, the supply chain manager’s job is to have enough stock to avoid any supply issues." One challenge is for those physicians to accept the idea or the concept of change in learning new supply chain methods. Another challenge is the general collaboration from suppliers. "They’re typically all for profit, so keeping prices high and volume up is important to them," Martinez emphasizes. "Looking to collaborate strategically with hospitals and supply chain departments, however, is an ongoing challenge." Other factors, including healthcare procedures, can also pose a challenge to better collaboration. "There’s one major market shareholder in the trauma implants space," says Martinez. "Because it owns the market, and held it for so long, it doesn’t move, change price, or consign. In that case, it’s hard to convince physicians to use something different. And it’s hard to convince the supplier to collaborate more strategically because it holds the leverage in negotiations." To keep inventory low from an efficiency standpoint, hospitals are integrating technologies to help aggregate crucial supply chain data. "Inventory management has grown more sophisticated," Martinez explains. "Technologies such as bar coding become a bigger player within hospitals because data is captured electronically. When it comes to lowering costs, using technology helps collect data, but better planning is simpler." The emergence and growth of systems integrator businesses can also streamline supply chain data. Baltimore-based Barcoding Inc., for example, provides end-to-end automated data capture and mobile solutions for businesses ranging from manufacturing to healthcare. Company president Shane Snyder explains that while automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) is not the "core" solution for the supply chain, it can positively impact the healthcare provider’s ability to manage the balancing act more proactively and effectively. "First, AIDC technology reduces the amount of capital investment in clinical equipment needed to deliver services, and gives healthcare providers better control of their assets, current utilization rates, and location," Snyder explains. "Lack of control in these three areas can lead healthcare providers to overbuy assets to ensure product is available when patients or staff needs it. As a result, capital and operational spending increases. "Or, if they do not overbuy, healthcare providers may not have the assets they need to provide adequate care for their patients," he adds. "Naturally, this negatively impacts customer satisfaction ratings." Other AIDC asset management systems can directly impact the customer experience and satisfaction levels, including tracking patient valuables. "Patients often come to the hospital with valuable items, such as jewelry and money," Snyder explains. "It then becomes the hospital’s responsibility to remove, track, and safeguard these valuables. Traditionally, hospitals catalog and inventory valuables manually, or in a basic spreadsheet. Both methodologies are burdened with excessive labor, and are error prone. By leveraging AIDC technology, hospitals can provide the same cataloging and inventory process more efficiently and accurately." Moving to the Cloud Various healthcare technology companies, including Louisville, Colo.-based Global Health Exchange (GHX), help hospitals gain better visibility and transparency to the data they need to understand their costs through cloud technologies. In light of the many mergers and acquisitions within hospital systems, one big area for improvement is capturing data, specifically in disparate systems, explains Tina Vantanka Murphy, vice president of global markets at GHX, which was founded in 2000 by GE, Johnson & Johnson, Abbott, Baxter, and Medtronic. "When a patient goes to an emergency room, the hospital collects all the information about that patient," she says. "But if the patient moves to a surgery center, or a different section in the hospital, suddenly that data is not transferred. "Interoperability between these hospital systems is a huge gap because what happens in the emergency room needs to be transferred throughout the supply chain to deliver the best patient care," says Murphy. "It’s also a huge issue if a hospital is trying to understand its costs." Murphy cites one example where GHX worked with a large Midwest health system. The hospital was buying 60 times each day from one supplier. "Just by providing visibility, the hospital was able to agree on a more reasonable order velocity, which cut costs significantly for both stakeholders," she says. Rationalizing the Data Cloud technology helps connect data sources, and allows hospitals to better rationalize that data. It also enables presenting information to the user efficiently. "The hospitals, distributors, and manufacturers need to be able to present data that has been accurately rationalized across all those stakeholders," Murphy explains. "There is so much change related to products used in healthcare," says Karen Conway, director of industry relations at GHX. "Prices change depending on who’s buying and selling the product. Contracts with group purchasing organizations can result in tens of thousands of changes, every day in some cases," she says. Because there is no way such a multitude of organizations can hold that data on their systems, many are shifting to using the cloud. "The cloud is a place where data can be held virtually—a virtual item master—as opposed to trying to maintain it in systems that are onsite at the hospital, or at the supplier," Conway explains But data can be detrimental to patient care, Murphy notes. "The data is critical if a healthcare provider is reimbursed based on the quality of care it delivers," she says. "They need that data to understand their total cost. Providers don’t need to care only about the cost of the pacemaker; they need to understand the outcome," Murphy says. "When a doctor places that pacemaker in a patient, the hospital has to understand what percentage of the time the patient is readmitted, and account for infections because that’s how it gets reimbursed," she says. "The data is great, but it’s even more critical that hospitals have access to it." Data capture through cloud-based technology ultimately helps hospitals synchronize price across their supply chain, where they have the ability to drive order, consolidation, and data and process standardization. "Other industries, such as retail, were able to drive transformational change in the supply chain," says Smith. "Healthcare doesn’t have that. The way healthcare has been driving transformation is through thought leaders who are putting the effort into encouraging collaboration and looking at different engagement models." Going into Labor Another strategy that involves better collaboration and cost savings is growing an organizational structure to manage hospital staff. In the HIDA healthcare leadership report, one vice president notes that when doctors are faced with cutting labor, capital, or supply costs, they will always choose supply. Other supply chain experts find real value in reevaluating hospital labor. "We noticed that for a number of hospitals, the staff that supports the floors is significantly higher than we anticipated," says Brian Murphy, business development director of Menlo Worldwide Logistics, a third-party logistics provider based in San Francisco. "There’s no consistency in any hospital. We’re determining how to develop a defined process. "Here’s an example. One hospital we work with asked us to go to an existing distribution location it had acquired to model two hospitals that were using the same infrastructure and labor for seven," says Murphy. "We were able to drive improvements just by addressing the material flow and waste inside the hospital." James Liter, senior principal at West Monroe partners, who heads the company’s pharma supply chain and operations clients, reflects on the biggest changes within the pharmaceutical supply chain. "Regulatory compliance is a huge issue," he says. "For instance, it becomes more important to make sure the supply chain has been categorized to be appropriate than how critical it is to product safety." Tracking and Tracing The bigger movement in the supply chain is the continued vigilance of tracking and tracing capabilities in the life sciences space, which is broader than pharmaceuticals. "A fair number of technologies have been implemented with bar-coding and RFID tags inside the whole life sciences supply chain," Liter says. "Track and trace is critical because it provides the ability to get to the root of any kind of detrimental product, and understand how to clean it out of the supply chain as quickly as possible." While technology and organizational solutions are at the forefront to facilitate traceability within the supply chain, experts maintain that more work needs to be done when it comes to improving collaboration among all partners in the medical industry. Reflecting on the Healthcare Supply Chain Association and Healthcare Industry Supply Chain Institute, which brought together educational programs for suppliers, GPOs, and executives, Rooney notes, "It was encouraging and horrifying at the same time. All parties are operating in a silo, and positioning themselves as the experts in UDI, drug serialization, and healthcare electronic medical records. But the silos haven’t talked to each other yet." Collaboration within his association, he says, is the next step for 2015. CVS: From Pharma Store to Medical Services Business Over the span of 15 years, CVS Health has expanded its retail services offerings with walk-in treatment centers. Its MinuteClinic services range from weight loss management to smoking cessation. CVS maintains more than 960 MinuteClinic locations in the United States, and plans to expand, with 1,500 clinics forecast to operate by 2017. “As more patients are enrolled with healthcare insurance providers, they are seeking options for receiving care, including retail clinics such as MinuteClinic,” says Nancy Gagliano, MD, MinuteClinic chief medical officer. Yet the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is not the only factor fueling the growth of these clinics. A nationwide primary physician shortage, an aging baby boomer population, an uptick in obesity and associated chronic disease, and poor patient medication adherence is also driving demand for more walk-in services, Gagliano notes. On the supply chain side of operations, MinuteClinic utilizes CVS Health’s corporate procurement processes to focus on high-quality, low-cost supplies with rapid turnaround. “This allows MinuteClinic to assure that its clinics always have the supplies they need,” Gagliano says. “This approach to pricing allows us to pass these savings on to our patients.” While MinuteClinic currently operates with a proprietary electronic medical records system, it is making a technology transition to an Epic Care electronic medical record system in 2015. “Epic is the most widely used electronic medical record in the United States with more than 274,000 physicians online,” Gagliano explains. “More than 50 percent of Americans have a patient record in Epic. “MinuteClinic is also looking to increase services that use rapid, point-of-care testing that can be administered in the clinics with results in five minutes or fewer,” she adds. “Examples of current rapid, point-of-care tests administered at MinuteClinic include strep, A1C, and influenza.”

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2024-04-16T12:57:02Z

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The text only version may be available in large print, Braille or audio CD. For further information call emc accessibility on 0800 198 5000. The product code(s) for this leaflet is: PL08829/0156. Fostair 100/6 inhalation solution 100/6 micrograms per actuation pressurised inhalation solution beclometasone dipropionate/ formoterol fumarate dihydrate. For use in adults. 1. What Fostair is and what it is used for. 2. What you need to know before you use Fostair 3. How to use Fostair 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Fostair 6. Content of the pack and other information Fostair is a pressurised inhalation solution containing two active substances which are inhaled through your mouth and delivered directly into your lungs. The two active substances are beclometasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate dihydrate. Beclometasone dipropionate belongs to a group of medicines called corticosteroids which have an anti-inflammatory action reducing the swelling and irritation in your lungs. Formoterol fumarate dihydrate belongs to a group of medicines called long-acting bronchodilators which relax the muscles in your airways and helps you to breathe more easily. Together these two active substances make breathing easier, by providing relief from symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing and cough in patients with asthma or COPD and also help to prevent the symptoms of asthma. Fostair is indicated in the regular treatment of asthma in adult patients in whom: Fostair can also be used to treat the symptoms of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adult patients. COPD is a long term disease of the airways in the lungs which is primarily caused by cigarette smoking. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist or nurse before using Fostair: If any of the above applies to you, always inform your doctor before you use Fostair. If you have or had any medical problems or any allergies or if you are not sure as to whether you can use Fostair talk to your doctor, asthma nurse or pharmacist before using the inhaler. Treatment with a beta-2-agonist like the formoterol contained in Fostair can cause a sharp fall in your serum potassium level (hypokalaemia). If you have severe asthma, you should take special care. This is because a lack of oxygen in the blood and some other treatments you may be taking together with Fostair, such as medicines for treating heart disease or high blood pressure, known as diuretics or “water tablets” or other medicines used to treat asthma can make the fall in potassium level worse. For this reason, your doctor may wish to measure the potassium levels in your blood from time to time. If you take higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids over long periods, you may have more of a need for corticosteroids in situations of stress. Stressful situations might include being taken to hospital after an accident, having a serious injury or before an operation. In this case, the doctor treating you will decide whether you may need to increase your dose of corticosteroids and may prescribe some steroid tablets or a steroid injection. Should you need to go to the hospital, remember to take all of your medicines and inhalers with you, including Fostair and any medicines or tablets bought without a prescription, in their original package, if possible. Contact your doctor if you experience blurred vision or other visual disturbances. Fostair should not be used in children and adolescent less then 18 years old, until further data become available. Tell your doctor if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines including medicines obtained without a prescription. Some medicines may increase the effects of Fostair and your doctor may wish to monitor you carefully if you are taking these medicines (including some medicines for HIV: ritonavir, cobicistat). Do not use beta blockers with this medicine. Beta blockers such as atenolol, propranolol and sotalol are used to treat a number of conditions including high blood pressure and heart conditions such as abnormal heart rhythms and heart failure; timolol is used to treat glaucoma. If you need to use beta blockers, and including beta blockers in eye-drops, the effect of formoterol may be reduced or formoterol may not work at all. On the other hand, using other beta adrenergic drugs (drugs which work in the same way as formoterol) may increase the effects of formoterol. Using Fostair together with: There are no clinical data on the use of Fostair during pregnancy. Fostair must not be used if you are pregnant, think that you might be pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, or if you are breast-feeding, unless you are advised to do so by your doctor Fostair is unlikely to affect your ability to drive and use machines. However if you experience side effects such as dizziness and/or trembling, your ability to drive or operate machinery may be affected. Fostair contains 7 mg of alcohol (ethanol) in each actuation which is equivalent to 0,20 mg/kg per dose of two actuations. The amount in two actuations of this medicine is equivalent to less than 1 ml of wine or beer. The small amount of alcohol in this medicine will not have any noticeable effects. Fostair is for inhalation use. Fostair should be inhaled via your mouth into your lungs. Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. The pharmacist’s label will tell you how many puffs to take and how often they must be taken. Your doctor will give you a regular check-up to make sure you are taking the optimal dose of Fostair. Your doctor will adjust your treatment to the lowest dose that best controls your symptoms. Fostair can be prescribed by your doctor in two different ways: a) Use Fostair every day to treat your asthma together with a separate “reliever“ inhaler to treat sudden worsening of asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath, wheezing and cough b) Use Fostair every day to treat your asthma and also use Fostair to treat sudden worsening of your asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath, wheezing and cough a) Using Fostair together with a separate “reliever”: Adults and the elderly: The recommended dose of this medicine is one or two puffs twice daily. The maximum daily dose is 4 puffs. Remember: You should always have your quick-acting “reliever” inhaler with you at all times to treat worsening symptoms of asthma or a sudden asthma attack. b) Using Fostair as your only asthma inhaler: Adults and the elderly: The recommended dose is one puff in the morning and one puff in the evening. You should also use Fostair as a “reliever” inhaler to treat sudden asthma symptoms. If you get asthma symptoms, take one puff and wait a few minutes. If you do not feel better, take another puff. Do not take more than 6 Fostair “reliever” puffs per day. The maximum daily dose of Fostair as your only asthma inhaler is 8 puffs. If you feel you need more puffs each day to control your asthma symptoms, contact your doctor to seek his advice. He may need to change your treatment. Use in children and adolescents less than 18 years of age: Children and adolescents aged less than 18 years must NOT take this medicine. Adults and the elderly: The recommended dose is two puffs in the morning and two puffs in the evening. Older people do not need to have their dose adjusted. No information is available regarding the use of Fostair in people with liver or kidney problems. Fostair is effective for the treatment of asthma in a dose of beclometasone dipropionate which may be lower than that of some other inhalers containing beclometasone dipropionate. If you have been using a different inhaler containing beclometasone dipropionate previously, your doctor will advise you on the exact dose of Fostair you should take for your asthma. If you feel that the medicine is not very effective, always talk to your doctor before increasing the dose. Tell your doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, do not take the dose you have missed, just take the next dose at the correct time. Do not double the dose. Do not lower the dose or stop using the medication. Even if you are feeling better, do not stop taking Fostair or lower the dose. If you want to do this, talk to your doctor. It is very important for you to use Fostair regularly even though you may have no symptoms. If you develop worsening shortness of breath or wheezing (breathing with an audible whistling sound), straight after inhaling your medicine, stop using Fostair inhaler immediately and use your quick-acting “reliever” inhaler straightaway. You should contact your doctor straightaway. Your doctor will assess your symptoms and if necessary may start you on a different course of treatment. See also section 4.Possible side effects If your symptoms get worse or are difficult to control (e.g. if you are using a separate “reliever” inhaler or Fostair as reliever inhaler more frequently) or if your “reliever” inhaler or Fostair does not improve your symptoms, see your doctor immediately. Your asthma may be getting worse and your doctor may need to increase your dose of Fostair or prescribe alternative treatment. If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. This medicine is contained in a pressurised canister in a plastic casing with a mouthpiece. There is a counter on the back of the inhaler, which tells you how many doses are left. Each time you press the canister, a puff of medicine is released and the counter will count down by one. Take care not to drop the inhaler as this may cause the counter to count down. Before using the inhaler for the first time or if you have not used the inhaler for 14 days or more, you should test your inhaler to make sure that it is working properly. 1. Remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece 2. Hold your inhaler upright with the mouthpiece at the bottom 3. Direct the mouthpiece away from yourself and firmly depress the canister to release one puff 4. Check the dose counter. If you are testing your inhaler for the first time, the counter should read 120. Whenever possible, stand or sit in an upright position when inhaling. 1. Remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece and check that the mouthpiece is clean and free from dust and dirt or any other foreign objects. 2. Breathe out as slowly and deeply as possible. 3. Hold the canister vertically with its body upwards and put your lips around the mouthpiece. Do not bite the mouthpiece. 4. Breathe in slowly and deeply through your mouth and, just after starting to breathe in press down firmly on the top of the inhaler to release one puff. If you have weak hands, it may be easier to hold the inhaler with both hands: hold the upper part of the inhaler with both index fingers and its lower part with both thumbs. 5. Hold your breath for as long as possible and, finally, remove the inhaler from your mouth and breathe out slowly. Do not Breathe into the inhaler. If you need to take another puff, keep the inhaler in the vertical position for about half a minute, then repeat steps 2 to 5. Important: Do not perform steps 2 to 5 too quickly. After use, close with the protective cap and check the dose counter. You should get a replacement when the counter shows the number 20. Stop using the inhaler when the counter shows 0 as any puffs left in the device may not be enough to give you a full dose. If you see ‘mist’ coming from the top of the inhaler or the sides of your mouth, this means that Fostair will not be getting into your lungs as it should. Take another puff, following the instruction starting again from step 2. To lower the risk of a fungal infection in the mouth and throat, rinse your mouth or gargle with water or brush your teeth each time you use your inhaler. If you think the effect of Fostair is too much or not enough, tell your doctor or pharmacist. If you find it difficult to operate the inhaler while starting to breathe in you may use the AeroChamber Plus™ spacer device. Ask your doctor, pharmacist or a nurse about this device. It is important that you read the package leaflet which is supplied with your AeroChamber Plus™ spacer device and that you follow the instructions on how to use the AeroChamber Plus™ spacer device and how to clean it, carefully. You should clean your inhaler once a week. When cleaning, do not remove the canister from the actuator and do not use water or other liquids to clean your inhaler. To clean your inhaler: 1. Remove the protective cap from the mouthpiece by pulling it away from your inhaler. 2. Wipe inside and outside of the mouthpiece and the actuator with a clean, dry cloth or tissue. 3. Replace the mouthpiece cover Like all medicines, Fostair can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. As with other inhaler treatments there is a risk of worsening shortness of breath and wheezing immediately after using Fostair and this is known as paradoxical bronchospasm. If this occurs you should STOP using Fostair immediately and use your quick-acting “reliever” inhaler straightaway to treat the symptoms of shortness of breath and wheezing. You should contact your doctor straightaway. Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any hypersensitivity reactions like skin allergies, skin itching, skin rash, reddening of the skin, swelling of the skin or mucous membranes especially of the eyes, face, lips and throat. Other possible side effects are listed below according to their frequency. Common (affecting less than 1 in 10 people): Pneumonia in COPD patients: Tell your doctor if you have any of the following while taking Fostair as they could be symptoms of a lung infection: Uncommon (affecting less than 1 in 100 people); Alterations of some constituents of the blood: The following side effects have also been reported as “uncommon” in patients with Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease: Rare (affecting less than 1 in 1,000 people) Very rare (affecting less than 1 in 10,000 people) Using high dose inhaled corticosteroids over a long time can cause, in very rare cases, systemic effects. These include: Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme: Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this product. Single pack containing one actuator with 120 doses Do not use Fostair beyond 3 months from the date you get the inhaler from your pharmacist and never use after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and label. Do not store the inhaler above 25 °C. Double pack containing two actuators of 120 doses Before use: store the inhaler in a refrigerator (at 2-8°C). After first use: Use the inhaler for a maximum of three months and do not store above 25 °C. Do not use the inhaler after this period and never use it after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and label. Do not freeze. The active substances are: beclometasone dipropionate, formoterol fumarate dihydrate. Each actuation/metered dose from the inhaler contains 100 micrograms of beclometasone dipropionate and 6 micrograms of formoterol fumarate dihydrate. This corresponds to a delivered dose from the mouthpiece of 84.6 micrograms of beclometasone dipropionate and 5.0 micrograms of formoterol fumarate dihydrate. The other ingredients are: ethanol anhydrous, hydrochloric acid and the CFC-free propellant - norflurane (HFA -134a). To help protect the environment, the inhaler contains the CFC-free propellant, HFA-134a, which replaces completely the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants present in some other inhalers and appears to have a less damaging effect on the ozone layer. Fostair does not contain CFCs. Fostair is a pressurised solution contained in an aluminium coated canister with a metering valve, fitted in a polypropylene plastic actuator with a plastic protective cap. Each pack contains one canister which provides 120 actuations (puffs). Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Is this leaflet hard to see or read? Phone 0161 488 5555 for help. This leaflet was last revised in October 2023 AeroChamber Plus™ is a Trademark of Trudell Medical International

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2024-04-16T14:16:44Z

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The contents of this page have not been reviewed or endorsed by the Chicago Bulls. All opinions expressed by Sam Smith are solely his own and do not reflect the opinions of the Chicago Bulls or its Basketball Operations staff, parent company, partners, or sponsors. His sources are not known to the Bulls and he has no special access to information beyond the access and privileges that go along with being an NBA accredited member of the media. By Sam Smith | 3.31.2015 | 12:20 p.m. CT They were the Big Six of international basketball in the 1980’s, and they changed basketball more than most know, and those who know basically didn’t care to admit. They are Vlade Divac, Dino Radja, Arvydas Sabonis, Sarunas Marciulionis, Drazen Petrovic and Toni Kukoc, the latter the Bulls underrated star role player of the 1996-1998 championship teams. They changed the game because the guys from the U.S. could not beat them. It would lead to the so called Dream Team, which really was more myth than magic, and the great basketball diaspora to the NBA where international stars from Dirk Nowitzki to the Bulls Nikola Mirotic have helped make basketball the true worldwide game. But those six were the originals, the guys whose talent so transcended the respect for them that the U.S. was forced to change its view of international competition. It led to the 1992 Olympic Dream Team and the great worldwide basketball migration. Though three of those players are now in the Basketball Hall of Fame—Petrovic, Marciulionis and Sabonis—Kukoc arguably was the most talented and successful of them all. Certainly in Europe with the mysteries of Sabonis mostly hidden in the old Soviet Union. But basically no one succeeded like Kukoc, who was a four time Yugoslav league champion, two time Yugoslav Cup champion, two time EuroBasket champion, three time Euroleague champion, Italian league champion, Italian Cup champion, four-time European player of the year, five time Euroscar player of the year and four time Euroleague MVP. So Kukoc finally came to the Bulls in 1993 and they mocked his defense and made him change positions, played him off the bench and never much put him in position to show his brilliance. But he was part of three NBA championship teams, including arguably the best ever, the Bulls 1995-96 team that was 72-10. And when things appeared to be falling apart in 1997 with Scottie Pippen skipping the first half of the season when he had surgery and with Dennis Rodman losing effectiveness, it was Kukoc who was needed. What seemed at one time was an impossible mission became one that was accomplished. “Toni was instrumental in 1997-98 when Pip missed the first 30 some games,” recalled then Bulls coach Phil Jackson. “He was Sixth Man (winner) in 1995-96. He was a terrific player and has been overlooked.” I caught up with Kukoc recently because I’ve long considered him, as Jackson does, one of the most underrated players in league history and one of the great pioneers to herald the wave of international talent that even has changed the way the NBA game is played, these days in a more European style with shooting big men and switching defenses. Whenever you are first, you generally have to endure bias that stems from ignorance. That’s probably why Kukoc’s career is so underappreciated. Basketball fans viewed European basketball then as minor leagues. Older NBA players in that era ended their careers playing in Europe and scored big. The assumption was it was a high minor league. Which is why the NBA was so caught by surprise and dominated in world competitions in the late 1980s and up until that 1992 Olympics. And though that Dream Team was dominant in winning the gold medal in Barcelona, it was as much the product of mythmakers. It was hardly the greatest team ever. It was the team with the greatest names ever. Consider that Larry Bird and Magic Johnson were effectively retired by then, Bird leaving with back problems as soon as the Olympics ended and Johnson having left in 1991 with the HIV virus and never being a high level player again. Charles Barkley was coming off forcing his way out of Philadelphia and missing the playoffs. Chris Mullin was in physical decline and would have just one more season averaging more than 20 points, and that just in a half season battling injuries. David Robinson was being dominated by Hakeem Olajuwon and Patrick Ewing by the Bulls. Pippen was just a two-time All-Star and wasn’t chosen for the All-Star game in 1991. Clyde Drexler had just been taken apart by Jordan in the Finals and John Stockton and Karl Malone had been knocked out of the playoffs in the first round four of the previous seven seasons. Christian Laettner was there for some reason. What that team never faced was the great world teams from Yugoslavia and Lithuania that had been dominating U.S. teams, albeit college players. But they were the top draft picks soon to be top pros, including players like Robinson. But wars broke up Yugoslavia into several countries and the Soviet Union collapsed. Before that, however, the U.S. was getting beaten badly. In the 1990 Goodwill games in Seattle, a U.S. team with the likes of Alonzo Mourning, Kenny Anderson, Billy Owens, Laettner, Bryant Stith, Chris Gatling and Clarence Weatherspoon lost to a Yugoslavia team with Kukoc, Radja, Zarko Paspalj. The U.S. was third in the 1988 Olympics behind Sabonis’ Lithuania and Kukoc’s Yugoslavia and the U.S. was third in the 1990 World Championships as Yugoslavia with Kukoc, Divac, Petrovic and Paspalj dominated and finished first. The U.S. was third. “If that (1988 Yugoslavia) team ever stayed together and we played the finals against the Dream Team, I am not saying we would have won the game,” said Kukoc. “But I’m saying it would be a really, really interesting game to watch. We had eight, maybe nine guys played in the NBA with that team; we were good, knew each other well. The tournaments we won, World Championship, two European champions, we won with ease. Winning in the finals by 20, 30-some points, which is what the Dream Team won against other teams. It would have been a good game to watch.” It was not to be as the Dream Team rolled over a destabilized and debilitated field of European teams, most with few or no future NBA players as the Yugoslavia players divided. It would thus become a reassurance for the U.S. and the NBA: We’re No. 1. We knew. But Kukoc and those guys knew. They knew if they ever got the chance their games would and could matchup in the NBA, as they do today. It would be years before it was allowed, and Kukoc’s Bulls experience was an example. He probably was the second best all-around talent to Jordan. After all, when a big shot was needed and Jordan wasn’t around, Jackson called on Kukoc. But Kukoc would come off the bench and despite being the closest player perhaps ever to Magic Johnson, a 6-10 point forward/guard, the Bulls needed a power forward. So Kukoc was asked to gain 30 pounds when he came to the Bulls to play power forward. “We knew we were good enough,” said Kukoc, who still lives in the north suburbs and does some work around the Bulls. “We were not sure (if we would get a chance). But we had no doubt (we could play in the NBA) because we played our generation of players in world championships; we always competed with Larry Johnson and Gary Payton, Alonzo Mourning. And we were kicking their butts every time. Junior worlds, Goodwill games, World Championships, Olympics. We knew if these guys are coming into the NBA and they are No. 1, 2, 3 (draft) picks and they are All-Stars, we wondered how is that when we play international we beat these guys. Then we go to the NBA and they question, ‘Are we strong enough?’ ‘Are we good enough?’ ‘Can we play the NBA game? And all that. And these guys are coming in (from colleges) and it’s like, ‘Oh he’s a miracle guy.’ ‘He’s the greatest ever.’ He is this, he is that. “That bothered us a little bit,” admitted Kukoc. “But we also understood we are the first generation of the guys coming in. There were one or two guys who came before. They would stay here two years, barely sniff garbage time. Even Drazen in Portland. It was like, ‘Should we sacrifice a couple of years of our careers to sit on the bench in the NBA?’ What’s the point of that? We had plenty of money over there. We were actually getting better money there than we were getting here.” Xenophobia, a great American tradition. But Kukoc had no more worlds to conquer. He was that good. “I took the risk because I won everything,” said Kukoc, who anyone who ever has met him will tell you is no egotist. “There was a period of four or five years in Europe I won everything, four in a row national championships, three in row European championships, two European world championships with the national team. I won everything that could be and I was MVP in all of these. I said, ‘I can play with Michael, Scottie, these guys. So maybe I get a chance to win that one, too. So why not give it a chance a try and see if it will work?’ “I knew when I’d come here I am going to be this rookie kid that carries bags, that everybody is like sending to get a burger and this and that,” noted Kukoc. “I kind of accepted that for year, maybe two. I knew it was coming. I did that when I was back home, carrying the bags the first three years because I was the youngest guy on the team. But you get to the practice and everyone has to explain to you how it’s done and I’m thinking, ‘OK, Scottie explains to me that’s one thing, but somebody who has five minutes on the floor starts explaining me the game?’ I think I know this game good enough.” And you know his teammates talked loudly because we Americans know the secret to making yourself understood is increasing the volume. “Maybe 100 percent (distributing the ball), probably by the middle of the second (title) year, third year I was probably closest to what I could be,” said Kukoc. “Playing the four spot we have a saying, chained to the bucket. I was used as a point to bring the ball up. That was my natural spot. I always felt comfortable looking at the court. I really thought our best lineup was (Ron) Harper, Michael, Scottie, Dennis and me. Three inches difference between height and each one of us could have played any position; we would switch everything. Offensively, it didn’t matter who went to post up, Michael or Scottie or me. Just depended on which was first one down there; everybody else picks up other positions in the triangle. Once we figured out the triangle offense it was really good with three, four individuals that can solve the problems on their own.” That’s how you win 72 games. “I never played the four or five spot before I got here,” said Kukoc. “I don’t know who decided I should play four. Michael retired the first day I came here. Scottie was here; Horace (Grant) was here. I don’t think they’d seen me play that much. Phil was in Seattle for the Goodwill Games, but that was about it. The only one who truly knew me was Clarence Gaines and Ivica Dukan, who played with me back (home). Jerry (Krause) saw me just couple of games. Nobody else knew.” Kukoc remains a private person, never one to campaign for himself. I asked him about being overlooked as an NBA player. “Maybe in a way, especially considering later on at the end of my career some players who have played the All-Star games who came from Europe as welI, I thought I was a better player,” Kukoc said. “I thought those three years when we won championships, I really was good enough to play in the All-Star game. I felt I deserved to be in the top whatever that would be, the top 20-some players in the league. Really felt that comfortable and confident on the basketball court. “I had, I don’t want to say the word, but I had the guts to shoot the (big) shots,” said Kukoc, who famously was picked by Jackson to shoot closing shots when Jordan was not with the team. “I never felt uncomfortable. I shot millions and millions of shots, just wanted the ball and felt good every time I released the ball, especially in those last seconds of big games. I believed I was going to make a shot and I wouldn’t give it to anyone else. I don’t want to say it bothered me, but I never understood why a team 72-10 and was as dominant as we were would have only two All-Stars. But other teams like Seattle had three All-Stars; Lakers had four All-Stars. It was early in transition of European players to the NBA, so I don’t think we had a chance.” Like the famous game in the Olympics when Pippen and Jordan ganged up on Kukoc supposedly to make Krause look back because they felt Krause was paying more attention to foreign talent than them, certainly not one of their better moments as people. Kukoc was held to four points on two of 11 shooting in that first meeting, though the back story never came out as Jordan and Pippen were oddly celebrated for their childish act. “Honestly I did not know nothing about (why they were doing that) until they were filming this (Dream Team) thing a couple of years back,” insisted Kukoc, who always was gracious about the events. “But there were some circumstances about the game.” Croatia only had to be in the top two in pool play to advance and the following game was the bigger one against Germany. So they were backing off in that game, which is not uncommon in international pool play tournaments. Plus, Kukoc should not even have been playing. His wife was just going into labor with their first child back home in Croatia. The next day during the game against Germany, Kukoc’s son was born. “The final game I knew what was coming and I was ready to play final game,” said Kukoc. “I had a pretty good game.” He had 16 points, a game high nine assists and five rebounds in the 117-85 USA win against the remnants of the old Yugoslavia team. “I can’t say it bothered me that much,” said Kukoc of that first game assault by his future teammates. “I would love to play a better game the first game. Not like some unknown guys are guarding you. Probably two of the best defensive players in world; so it’s OK to score (four) points against them.” Kukoc perhaps showed the player he could be that season after the title team was broken up as he averaged 18.8 points, seven rebounds and 5.3 assists before being traded to Philadelphia. Though we all also remember Kukoc as something of the scapegoat for others’ failures as Grant was for the first three title teams. Though, again, Kukoc faced that with grace and equanimity. “I don’t want say (I was) easy pickings,” said Kukoc with a laugh. “It’s a saying if coach likes and sees good stuff in you and wants you to play he’ll pick on you, he’ll make you work and do things right. Once he stops talking to you, you know you’re done. So if looking at it like that. it was good. But I always thought, ‘If you want to do it, don’t do it in front of everybody. Show me a tape in the morning and say this and this and this.’ Which (Jackson) did later on and everything worked out. Just that early part of a European player coming in and having my own ideas. Tex (Winter) always thought I was doing things on purpose to piss him off.” It then became an NBA journey for Kukoc to Philadelphia, where the team was leading the league in wins when Theo Ratliff got hurt. The team didn’t want to wait for a wrist injury to heal and traded Ratliff, Kukoc and Nazr Mohammed to the Hawks for Dikembe Mutombo. The 76ers with Allen Iverson having his best season would go on to make the Finals but lose in four games without a secondary scorer and playmaker to Iverson. “In Philly I thought I played well,” said Kukoc. “We had a really good team and I honestly thought we were going to win a championship that year. I had a stretch when George Lynch got hurt I averaged like 25, 7 and 7, something like that, had triple doubles consecutive against good teams, Indiana and Boston and somebody else. But Theo got hurt in January and Larry Brown thought they needed to bring a center to the playoffs and Theo and I got traded. Then they lost the 10-game advantage, ended up second behind the Lakers, lost home court advantage, went to Los Angeles and won the first game but lost four straight. I really thought we had a chance. That team had a chance to win a championship.” Kukoc then moved on to Milwaukee, where he finished his playing career in 2005-06. Preferring to play close to home when the Bucks and Bulls were not interested, Kukoc retired. And became a world class golfer. I actually played golf the first time Kukoc ever did, back once in the playoffs in the mid-90s in Orlando when the team went out on an off day with some staff and media members. I was in a group with Kukoc. He’d never played. He hit his first shot sideways off the ball washer. It got more dangerous from there. Not long after Kukoc was doing a photo shoot with long drive golfer Jason Zuback. “He asked me if ever hit the ball,” said Kukoc. “He wasn’t that tall of a guy. He was nicely built, but not extremely tall. Probably 5-6, 5-7; he was hitting the crap out of that ball, 300 some yards, whatever it was. I thought if he can hit it (like that) nobody is touching me; I just have to swing. And I have a bigger arc. The only problem was I didn’t know how to swing. “I called my ex (basketball) club, the Benetton people because they were building Bernhard Langer some clubs,” Kukoc recalled. “They had these Nitro golf balls. They sent two sets of clubs and about 1,200 golf balls. And I think I lost them all in the first three months. Herb Rudoy, my agent, took me the first time to Bryn Mawr (in Lincolnwood); started on back nine. It’s a long par three over water. Hit about 15 or 16 balls in the water. I would not quit hitting until I made it. Once I saw maybe two or three golf balls in the bag left, I threw the ball on the other side and then played the rest of the course as much as I could.” Ten years later, Kukoc won the Croatian amateur championship and is a scratch golfer who tours the country often playing with pros. Kukoc is at the United Center occasionally doing projects with some Bulls sponsors. I asked him what he does now. “I don’t do anything right now,” he said. “I’m looking, there are talks, not exactly coaching, but it is one of the options. I have a hard time doing all that traveling that I did before. But maybe. I’ve had eight years doing nothing.” Well, he said not completely nothing, but close. “Spring and summer I play golf,” he said. “Winter I spend time with the kids and family. They hated when I tried to coach them. My son finished college; my daughter is a senior, going to Miami of Ohio and will play volleyball.” With the Hall of Fame enshrinement class of 2015 to be announced at the upcoming Final Four, wouldn’t it be nice if they could come to Springfield some time to witness perhaps the most accomplished player in European basketball history and a three-time NBA champion, a multiple Olympic medalist being honored as one of the pioneers of the game. For Toni Kukoc was one of the best ever.

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Navigating Molecular Orbitals in Atomic Physics: A Hands-On Guide to Ace Your Assignments Navigating the intricate landscape of molecular orbitals within the realm of atomic physics is akin to embarking on a captivating journey that promises both challenges and triumphs. This hands-on guide serves as an indispensable compass, navigating students through the complex terrain of molecular orbitals with the aim of not just comprehending but mastering these fundamental concepts. Whether you need help with your atomic physics assignment or are simply eager to deepen your understanding of molecular orbitals, this guide equips you with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate this captivating realm with confidence and proficiency. As electrons traverse the vast expanse within an atom, their orchestrated movements give rise to molecular orbitals, creating unique spatial regions where the probability of finding electrons is defined. 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As electrons move through the vast expanse of an atom, they collectively occupy specific energy levels, leading to the formation of molecular orbitals. These orbitals provide a comprehensive understanding of the electron cloud distribution and bonding patterns between atoms within a molecule. In essence, the study of molecular orbitals is pivotal in unraveling the intricacies of chemical bonding and molecular structures. This introductory exploration sets the stage for a deeper dive into the world of MOs, laying the groundwork for comprehending their significance in the fascinating interplay of atomic particles. Molecular orbitals (MOs) represent foundational principles deeply ingrained in the tapestry of atomic physics, serving as critical tools that unlock profound insights into the intricate behavior and arrangement of atoms within molecules. As electrons navigate the expansive realms of an atom, they engage in an elegant dance, collectively occupying specific energy levels. 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Notable theories, such as the molecular orbital theory and valence bond theory, offer distinct perspectives on electron distribution, bonding, and molecular stability. These models facilitate a comprehensive view of how electrons move and interact within molecules, shaping their unique properties. By delving into these key theories and models, one gains a nuanced understanding of the principles governing molecular orbitals, essential for unraveling the intricacies of atomic structures and fostering success in assignments related to atomic physics. Practical Tips for Assignment Success Navigating the intricacies of molecular orbitals in atomic physics assignments requires a strategic approach. Here are some practical tips to enhance your chances of success: - Conceptual Clarity: Begin by ensuring a solid grasp of the fundamental concepts surrounding molecular orbitals. 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Two Toned Painting Ideas: Top 20 Style Discussed For 2023 Have you heard about the latest talk of the town? Come on! You got to keep up. Well, the rumor has it that the two-tone paint jobs are getting their grooves on by making a huge comeback! You know what that means, right? Gone are the days of staring blankly at the monotonous color of your bedroom that has been on the wall for ages! It’s time to switch it up with some fantastic two toned painting ideas and create an intriguing, custom look that will super-charge you with enthusiasm every time you look at it! In this article, we have gathered some of the most creative ways you can apply this two-tone painting theory in day-to-day life. Along with the master bedroom, you can apply the same technique to decorate your living space, kitchen cabinets, trucks, cars and so many other things as well. Interested to learn more about this color combo? Let’s start with the things you need to know first! Things To Consider Before Painting With Two Colors 1. Choose The Right Color Palette Neutral or BOLD? Which one would you prefer? Either way, the first thing you need to choose is the color palette that you will be working with. If you have a calming personality and don’t like anything overwhelming inside your home, then you can choose neutral shades like Beige with Off-White, Sky-Blue with White or Sage with Cream color combinations. Or you can go all out and experiment with darker hues like Black, Royal Blue, Hot Pink, Yellow or Orange and find the ones that work for you the best. 2. Use Contrast Color If Necessary Having difficulties while picking up the right contrast color to make your design stand out? While selecting the colors for a two-tone paint job, it’s important that you select the right ones to balance each other out. You can pair up a bright color with a slightly darker shade to create a nice contrast against the wall. For instance, Tan with a Bright Coral color combo would make a lovely couple! Similarly, you could use Red with Green and Blue with Yellow to keep the chemistry interesting! If you still have difficulties with finding the right shade for the walls, you could always use “White” as it tends to make the most striking combo with the darker shades and make them look prominent as well! 3. Get The Surface Prepared Beforehand Did you think you could just jump in with a paintbrush and start painting right away as soon as you select the colors? Um. You can, I guess. But it’s recommended to wipe the walls down first to get rid of all the buildup dust, debris and dirt particles from the surface and start with a clean slate to get the best result. If you are planning to give your car a new makeover, then make sure to prime the surface well and take care of the rust spots before you start working on it. 4. Test The Paint Color Impressed with the paint color that’s displayed in the store? Well, it might not look the same in your home without all the special light-effect! A better idea would be to bring some samples back to your home and test them out in one corner to see if it goes well with your interior. Take your time and observe the shade both at day and nighttime. If you are satisfied with the color swatches, then it’s okay to purchase them in bulks before start working on your project. 5. Select The Right Sheen Done with painting? Great! Now it’s time to put a finishing touch! Depending on your preference, you can choose to go for either matte, semi-gloss, gloss or a satin finish for your project. Keep in mind that, if you opt for a glossier finish, then it will be easier to clean up in case the surface gets dirty. Semi-gloss polishes are the best for kitchen areas as they are easily washable. And the matte finishes work best for hiding any imperfection that you may have in the wall as they cover them up pretty nicely! 20 Two Toned Painting Ideas To Get You Started Two Tone Painting Ideas For Bedroom 1. Break Up The Pattern Hey, breakups are not the worst thing in the world, especially when it comes to colors! The tricky thing is to know when to draw the line in between the two tones you choose to work with. Paint your master bedroom with black color to achieve a bold, modern look. While this shade will look gorgeous and intimate on your space, you might want to pair it up with a crisp, bright color to make the room feel instantly a bit larger. Confused about the color combo? Well, you can never go wrong with a black and white pair even if you want to! We suggest drawing the divider line a couple of inches below the ceiling to make it look more interesting. Keep the window frames white and throw in some aesthetic artwork right on top of the divider line to complete the whole look. 2. Give Your Ceiling A New Attire Any kind of wooden element adds a touch of warmth and coziness to the bedroom. However, we are planning to put a twist in your rustic décor and turn that into a more gorgeous piece of work! From that point of view, we have come up with an idea that’s going to soothe your mind and lull you to sleep as soon as you hit your bed. To get this look, you need only two colors: Walnut and Baby Blue. One word of advice, go for the ceiling decoration before you do any work with the wall panels to avoid drippings! Paint the ceiling with the baby-blue shade and try to hide any imperfection you may find with a second layer of the paint if necessary. Then, to complete the look, drip the wall panels with a fresh coat of walnut shade and remove any paint splatters with a cloth before leaving it to dry on its own. 3. Pink Is More Than Just A Color, It’s An ATTITUDE! Let’s give it up for all the pink lovers that are reading this article right now! Pink is a sophisticated color that’s bound to bring a look of elegance to your bedroom. Especially, if you are thinking about redecorating your teenage daughter’s room, then we suggest using the softest hue of pink you can find to make the room look like a fairy castle straight out of her favorite Disney movie! Pair the pale pink with a creamy white texture and you got yourself the dreamy effect you have been hoping to achieve! However, it's best to keep the ceiling white, in this case, to make the space feel a bit larger. Cover the bottom half of the wall panel and the ceiling in white color. Leave the rest of the décor to get accessorized with the most delicate shade of pink and enjoy the tranquil ambiance it creates once it's done! 4. Together We Click! Some say opposites attract while some say two persons with similar goals and mindset make the best couple. You know what I think? I think it’s about whether or not you click with the other person in a way that makes you go “Ah!”. That’s what I was looking for even without knowing! The same theory goes with two-tone wall colors examples as well! For instance, if I ask you to go Blue on Blue for painting your bedroom wall, what combo pops into your mind first? Although you can experiment with different shades here, it’s best to go with the classic sky blue and light turquoise combo, as these two have that "Ah" factor in them! To keep the scenario from looking too sweet, we suggest anchoring it with a white border in the middle if you want. And don’t forget to match your bedsheet and chair cushions with the whole attire to add as a finishing touch! Two Tone Painting Ideas For Living Room 1. Create An Exotic Look With Mulberry Tone Need a conversation starter? Go bold while choosing the wall pattern of your living space and make your guests go “WOW”. For instance, you can pick a classy color like mulberry and pair it up with a sugar-white color tone to make a striking combo! The rich, liquid-like sheen of the mulberry tone will make any natural light bounce off its glossy surface and throw a happy dance all around your room! Cool, eh? Well, to make the whole look come together, we suggest putting a plush, feather-white couch on the darker side of the wall. The secret is to make the right contrast between accessories and bring out the best personality possible with minimal effort. As for the space in front of the white wall, you can decorate it with chairs and velvet curtains that go well with the mulberry tone and make those color pop as well! 2. A Timeless Pair To Feed Your Imagination Love vanilla flavored ice-cream sundae? Well, then you might fall instantly in love with these two classic colors as they strongly resemble the look of that flavor! Beige and white are two common colors used for decorating walls and ceilings. Instead of using them for separate rooms, we have decided to run a test by combining these two in the same space. And boy! The result will astound you for sure! The soft tone of the beige color palette makes a smooth appearance with the crisp white tone of the ceiling and make the whole atmosphere feel a bit cozy and comfortable at the same time. Here, we want to highlight the fact that it’s better to opt for a white ceiling instead of vice versa. A bit of creativity, dark-colored futons and some bright pillows will even magnify the look by a few degrees! 3. Dare To Meet Me Halfway? Are you brave enough to be up for a fun challenge? Careful! You won’t be able to blame us if you don’t like the final look! Relax, I am kidding! You will love it. But first, get the painter’s tape out from the storage box, because you are going to need it the most for this project. So, the idea is to divide the wall of your living space into two equal parts. For your convenience, it’s a good idea to mask the area below the divider line with a painter’s tape so that the colors don’t get all mixed up. You can combine any two colors that complement each other in this way and pair them up together to give your plain walls a chick, modern appearance. One side note: keep the lighter tone on top to create an illusion of a tall structure. 4. Break The Rules Like A True Artist If you are getting bored with maintaining the 2 tone walls theories, then we have got news for you! I believe in taking decisions on the spur of the moment and if you are just like me, then you can use your colors to get creative and mix them up to create some unique shades as well! Technically, you are still using only two colors. But the twist is to blur the lines to show your personality through the decoration of your wall. You can use any color you wish for this purpose. We would recommend using some cool shades like Royal Blue and White if you want to keep the ambiance a bit on the calmer side. Make sure to blend the colors in the middle section of the wall smoothly so that it doesn’t become an eyesore. The rest is totally up to you how you want to decorate and create a totally individual look! Two Tone Painting Ideas For Truck 1. Shades Of Blue Once your old Chevrolet Pickup becomes old and grumpy, it’s time to give it a new makeover! Well, what are you waiting for? Glam it up with 2 different shades of blue and turn a few heads along the way, my friend! You can already tell at this point how obsessed I am with this particular color, eh? Well, can you blame me? There are so many shades to choose from! And not to mention, you can have fun experimenting with them as much as you like, cause blues hardly ever go wrong! Okay, so back to this particular idea, we would recommend going a bit darker on the top part of your truck. For instance, you can choose the Oxford Blue shade for this purpose. Pair that shade with a Powder Blue tone to balance out the contrast and you get yourself a stunning transformation that everyone will love! 2. Green Or Blue? Let’s Find Out! This idea is particularly for people who are obsessed with the looks of some classic cars found back in the ‘50s. Those old wheels really had some original charm that even beat the look of today’s car, I must say! So, the plan is to pick a dominant color as the primary shade and find a matching counterpart. We suggest using the color teal for this purpose as it has a bit of both green and blue tones at the same time and opens up the opportunity to pair it up with lots of other colors in lighter hue as well. For instance, it’s a good idea to paint the roof along with the top half of the truck with a creamy white color for this particular style. Once you are done painting, wax and polish your vehicle to give it a complete shiny look and enjoy riding your brand-new truck! 3. A Classic Combo Never Fails To Impress Anybody One of the power couples that has managed to survive the test of time ever since they were presented together is the Red-Black dynamic duo! Come on! Where have they ever failed to make an impression? From fashion statements to home décor to auto paint, they are just everywhere with their bundle of positive energy! So, without further ado, let’s meet our next idea on the list, which revolves around this fantastic duo! To nail this look, you need to paint the bumper, hood, window panel and roof of the truck with a metallic black color to add a glass-like shine to it. Great! Paint the rest of the surface with cherry red color and use a sealant all over the truck to protect it from getting damaged. Now get ready to enjoy the all-new flashy truck of yours and earn a compliment or two along the ride! 4. Tune It Up! Sometimes the littlest things end up making the biggest impact. A new haircut, small changes in your regular wardrobe and a crack of a smile might be all you are missing to discover a new YOU. Similarly, it’s time to give your age-old ride a brand-new smashing look as well, don’t you think? Our next color palette includes the all-traditional ink-black color and a silver-white tone to glam up the overall look of your ride. Although you can use these colors in any order you like, we suggest keeping the silver color reserved for painting the lower half of your vehicle. We want you to match it up with your freshly-painted silvery wheels that’s why! It’s actually a brilliant car hack that’s going to give your worn-out wheels a new life and get them back into their former glory as well! To get a radiant look that’s going to last for a long time, opt for a good-quality spray-on wheel-paint for this purpose. Two Tone Painting Ideas For Cars 1. Up In The Flames If you are the proud owner of a luxury sedan like Chrysler 300, then you are already in love with its fancy interior and post leather seats I bet! And the exterior isn’t too bad, I must say. However, we humans have a tendency to leave a personal touch to our belongings, right? Something that’s unique, to let everyone know that the car’s MINE! And the best way to demonstrate that possessiveness is to paint the exterior with a fiery-red color combination that’s as wild as your personality and goes well with your car’s style at the same time! To add a little drama to the scenario, we suggest introducing a thin orange line under the red paint for a colorful combo. You can keep the bottom half of your vehicle as it is if it’s a brand-new car. In case, it’s an old one, you might consider painting it with white to make the whole look come together nicely. 2. Keep The Trends Alive Black and White colors have been together ever since they first met, I think! That’s why, it’s hard to leave out this timeless, elegant couple out of our list! Fun fact, this color combo goes well with any kind of car you have. From an ordinary passenger vehicle to any kind of sports car, the Black-White combination rocks them all! However, there’s one thing that we have noticed in particular that might come in handy while you are painting your ride for the very first time. If you paint the roof with an ink-black shade and use dark-tinted glasses for the windows, instantly it adds a lot of volume to the vehicle and makes it look a bit dominant and stylish at the same time! You can keep the rest of the appearance minimal with a crisp-white tone and enjoy a look that will never go out of style! 3. Go Dark If It Suits Your Personality While talking about all these traditional combinations, I came to realize, we are always pairing up colors that go well with the happy, bubbly people that have bright personalities! Don’t worry, dark-lovers! We got you covered in our next idea! So, the idea is to go dark on dark shades and make a bold, masculine statement at the same time. It's a bit tricky to nail this look, to be honest. Not all dark colors go well together and chances are, you will wind up with a goth-looking car if you are not careful enough! So, our best guess is to pair up an emerald green shade with black color that compliments each other and at the same time never fails to make a sensual appearance even in the middle of a busy road! Don’t forget to paint the wheels as well to give it a sleek, shiny look that matches the rest of the exterior! 4. Stay Young At Heart Forever Is there a child-like spirit hidden beneath your exterior? Well, let him out! We love having creative people around us no matter your age, height or personality is! And the best way to show your talent would be to paint your car in a way that speaks volumes and make your car easily distinguishable from the rest of the crowd even in a fully-loaded parking lot! We have chosen the color purple for this project, but you can pick any color under the sun for this purpose. The trick is to make a unique, stylish pattern on the top half of the vehicle to make a bold statement and paint the rest of the surface in the lightest shade possible to make a striking contrast. Want to know a secret? We have used masking tape for this purpose and we suggest you do the same! Two Tone Painting Ideas For Kitchen Cabinets 1. Think Beyond The Box When it comes to renovating your kitchen cabinets, we all want something interesting. Something that goes beyond the plain-old builder-style cabinets that have got no charm of their own! Instead of choosing the colors randomly, we suggest picking up two solid colors for this purpose. For instance, let’s take a look at the gorgeous shade of Cyan here that’s all decked up to make a bold statement inside your kitchen’s interior! Since we are using such a loud color for the bottom cabinets, it’s better to keep the upper ones low-key and choose a plain white color to balance them out perfectly! One pointer to be noted: as we are using two different types of colors here, opt for the same rectangular cabinets for both the upper and lower sections so that the combination looks like they have always belonged together forever! 2. Retro-Themed Kitchen Cabinet Think the modern-styled kitchen cabinets are too boring for your taste? Let’s take a step back in time together and get the old grooves back in our spirit, shall we? So, the main trick here is to add some colors that are less saturated, yet vibrant enough to give life to your kitchen space. For this particular look, you can pick a pale green for the upper cabinets. To pair it up with a similar accent, we would recommend using the turquoise shade as it compliments the color well and gives a soothing vibe to the overall surroundings as well! Keep the rest of the decoration to a bare minimum to make these two colors POP and enjoy the new look of your kitchen! 3. A Contemporary Style Always Looks The Best! This one is for the people who love a touch of contemporary-style in their home and can’t seem to get enough of it in the kitchen space as well! If you have an open-concept structure inside your house that combines the living space and the kitchen area together, then it’s best to opt for a minimalistic décor for the cooking area and keep it as simple as possible. We suggest painting all the cabinets in white color except for the center table in the kitchen. Use charcoal-black color to give the table cabinets a masculine finish and add steel knobs for the drawers to make it look a bit aesthetic. Even if you own a large space inside your home, we recommend sticking to only two colors, as too much or too little color combination may just muddle the whole look and feel a bit overwhelming or boring at the same time. 4. It’s Time To Get Nostalgic! This kitchen setting reminds me of my childhood! It has the 90’s vibe written all over it, yet it’s chic enough to work in today’s time just fine! Well, enough blabbering. If you want to get this family-oriented kitchen for your home, then all you have to do is to get some DIY paint from the local store and start styling as you wish! For this particular look, you will need to collect a medium-dark sage shade and a creamy off-white color. We suggest using the sage shade to highlight the outline of the kitchen cabinets and the space above the cooktop. For the doors and the drawers of the cabinets, you can use the cream color to paint them over and give them a country-like appearance! Well, now it's time to dance around and enjoy a more positive, loving vibe all around the kitchen space just like your childhood! Tips For Getting Creative With The Color Scheme - If you have a small apartment and thinking about which shade will look best on the walls, then it’s best to combine a darker shade with a lighter one to make a stark difference. Keep in mind, the lighter shade goes on top so that the space feels a bit open and airy at the same time. - If you want to highlight an architectural structure of your room, such as the fireplace, ornamental carvings by the window frame, etc., then pick a bold color for that particular corner and keep the rest of the shades lighter in comparison. - Use color wheels to help you out if you are confused about which combination you should choose and select the opposite of the existing color that you picked to be on the safer side. - Take off the wheels of your car if you want to paint over the rims for proper blending. - You can use a door frame, window or a chair rail as a prop to determine the paint line from where the color changing takes part. Wrapping It Up Color is a powerful form of communication. It can change the mood or sway your ways of thinking in an instant! Two-tone color schemes are even more eye-catching as they help add interesting details to your home interior and give you the opportunity of getting creative along the way! You can also add a personal touch to your vehicle by customizing the exterior with vibrant colors to represent your bold personality. Have you got any more ideas you would like to experiment with? Feel free to share your two toned painting ideas with us and we would love to add them in our lists! Till next time, cheers!

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By Lisa Graves and Dustin Beilke Charter schools are big business, even when they are run by "non-profits" that pay no taxes on the revenue they receive from public taxes or other sources. Take KIPP, which describes itself as a "national network of public schools." KIPP (an acronym for the phrase "knowledge is power program") operates like a franchise with the KIPP Foundation as the franchisor and the individual charters as franchisees that are all separate non-profits that describe themselves as "public schools." But how public are KIPP public schools? Not as public as real or traditional public schools. New documents discovered on the U.S. Department of Education's website reveal that KIPP has claimed that information about its revenues and other significant matters is "proprietary" and should be redacted from materials it provides to that agency to justify the expenditure of federal tax dollars, before its application is made publicly available. So what does a so-called public school like KIPP want to keep the public from knowing? 1. Graduation and College Matriculation Rates KIPP touts itself as particularly successful at preparing students to succeed in school and college. Yet, it insisted that the U.S. Department of Education keep secret from the public the statistics about the percentage of its eighth graders who completed high school, entered college, and/or who completed a two-year or four-year degree. A few years ago, professor Gary Miron and his colleagues Jessica Urschel and Nicholas Saxton, found that "KIPP charter middle schools enroll a significantly higher proportion of African-American students than the local school districts they draw from but 40 percent of the black males they enroll leave between grades 6 and 8," as reported by Mary Ann Zehr in Ed Week. Zehr noted: "'The dropout rate for African-American males is really shocking,' said Gary J. Miron, a professor of evaluation, measurement, and research" at Western Michigan University, who conducted the national study. Miron's analysis was attacked by KIPP and its allies, who said KIPP's success was not due to the attrition of lower performing students who leave the school or move to other districts. One of its defenders was Mathematica Policy Research, whose subsequent study was used to try to rebut Miron's analysis. (That name will be important momentarily.) The Department of Education has been provided with the data about what percentage of KIPP students graduate from high school and go on to college, but it is helping KIPP keep that secret—despite the public tax dollars going to these schools and despite KIPP's claim to be operating what are public schools. Real public schools would never be allowed to claim that high school graduation rates or college matriculation rates are "proprietary" or "privileged" or "confidential." Why does the Education Department's Charter School Program "Office of Innovation and Improvement" defer to KIPP's demand to keep that information secret from the public? Meanwhile, the KIPP Foundation regularly spends nearly a half million dollars a year ($467,594 at last count) on advertising to convince the public how great its public charters are using figures it selects to promote. Almost no public school district in the nation has that kind of money to drop on ads promoting its successes. 2. Projected Uses of Federal Taxpayer Dollars (and Disney World?) Even as KIPP was seeking more than $22 million from the federal government to expand its charter school network, it insisted that the U.S. Department of Education redact from its application a chart about how much money would be spent on personnel, facilities, transportation, and "other uses" under the proposed grant. KIPP also sought to redact the amount of private funding it was projecting. The agency's compliant Office of Innovation and Improvement obliged KIPP. However, after the grant was approved, KIPP did have to comply with IRS regulations to file a report on its revenues and expenditures, as all entities given the privilege of having their revenue tax-exempt or tax-deductible do. (Those filings usually are made available a year after the revenue and expenditures accrue.) That is, the federal government's Office of Innovation and Improvement redacted information about KIPP's revenue and expenditures on the basis of an unsupportable assertion that such information was exempt under the Freedom of Information Act as proprietary, confidential, or privileged even though it is not. Here are some of the key details from KIPP's 2013 tax filings (uploaded below): - KIPP received more than $18 million in grants from American tax dollars and more than $43 million from other sources, primarily other foundations; - KIPP spent nearly $14 million on compensation, including more than $1.2 million on nine executives who received six-figure salaries, and nearly $2 million more on retirement and other benefits; - KIPP also spent over $416,000 on advertising and a whopping $4.8 million on travel; it paid more than $1.2 to the Walt Disney World Swan and Resort; - It also paid $1.2 million to Mathematica for its data analysis; that's the firm that was used to try to rebut concerns about KIPP's performance and attrition rates. KIPP's revenue and spending in 2014 were similar, but there are some additional interesting details (uploaded below): - KIPP received more than $21 million in grants from American tax dollars and more than $38 million from other sources, primarily other foundations; - KIPP spent nearly $18 million on compensation and nearly $2 million more on retirement and other benefits; - KIPP paid its co-founder, David Levin, more than $450,000 in total compensation, and its CEO, Richard Barth, more than $425,000 in total compensation, in addition to six-figure salaries for eight other executives; - KIPP also spent over $467,000 on advertising and more than $5 million on travel; - It also paid nearly $1 million to Mathematica for its data analysis. In that tax year, which covers the 2013-2014 school year, as traditional public schools faced budget cuts across the country, KIPP spent more than $3.5 million on "lodging and hospitality," including more than $1.8 million alone at the posh Cosmopolitan Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Since its revenue from taxpayers is commingled with its revenues from wealthy charter school advocates and the foundations they control, there is no way to sort out how much of taxpayer money has directly gone into luxurious trips for KIPP employees versus how much having revenue from taxes helps subsidize such largesse. But, there is no public school district in the country that would be allowed such travel and promotional expenditures for its executives or teachers if the voters knew about it or had a say in it. Perhaps it should be no surprise that KIPP would want the grant-makers at the U.S. Department of Education to redact the amount of its expenditures for personnel, facilities, transportation, and "other uses"—especially with extravagant expenditures like its transportation and lodging at fabulous resorts, as opposed to transportation for kids to school—but why would the federal agency charged with oversight go along with redacting information about how much KIPP was projecting to spend in those categories? KIPP did request that budget information about how much it or its affiliates paid the executive directors for individual charters, principals, accountants, grant managers, community coordinators, and IT teams be kept from the public, under a claim that such information is proprietary. But the Office of Innovation and Improvement did not accommodate that request. Notably, KIPP's grant application sets forth "regional leadership" expenses that total nearly $5 million of the projected budget for the grant. There is no indication how much taxpayers are directly or indirectly subsidizing the six-figure salaries of its executive suite including the nearly half-million in total compensation for each of KIPP's two highest paid employees. (This grant application only pertains to one source of federal and state grants that annually provide revenue to KIPP.) 3. Full Disclosure of Attrition and Performance Results Not only did KIPP seek to keep the public in the dark about how it spends tax-exempt funding and how many KIPP students make it to high school graduation or college, it also sought to redact information "KIPP Student Attrition" by region and "by subgroup" and "KIPP Student Performance" on state exams on "Math and Reading." The Office of Innovation and Improvement did as KIPP requested. But why would KIPP, which advertises its claimed superiority, and the Department of Education, which uses KIPP as an example of the success of charters, keep information about attrition and performance secret, especially when that subject is one of great public interest as noted by the Economic Policy Institute? Page after page after page in KIPP's application that shows the percentage of school students who leave KIPP is blacked out along with information about student test results by school for the three years prior to the grant application. How can the Department of Education acquiesce in a request by a charter it cheerleads for to keep data about that charter's retention or dropout rate secret? If both sets of redacted figures were truly excellent, why wouldn't both KIPP and the Department of Education release those results? After all, KIPP included glossy PR documents on some of its schools in its application materials touting select data about test results. Why should unelected bureaucrats at the federal agency get to see the data about attrition and performance in awarding millions in taxpayer dollars to KIPP but go along with KIPP in keeping those specific statistics from the public? In short, what are KIPP and the Department of Education hiding from the American people? 4. The CEO Foundations Pushing School "Choice" and Subsidizing KIPP KIPP also asked the Office of Innovation and Improvement to redact the amounts of funding provided to KIPP by foundations that wrote letters of support for KIPP to receive federal taxpayer money under the grant. The grant documents the Center for Media and Democracy has examined reveal that these are the names and amounts that KIPP sought to keep the public from knowing and that the Department of Education blacked out at KIPP's request: - Robertson Foundation: $20M - Atlantic Trust/ Kendeda Fund: $15 million - Marcus Foundation: $4.5M - Zeist: $1.7M - Lowe Foundation: $357,000 - Webber Family Foundation: $351,780 - Sooch Foundation: $675,000 - Tipping Point Community: $2M - Schwab Foundation: $2.5M - Koret Foundation: $2,135,000 - SAP: $297,389 - Kobacker: $100,000 - Todd Wagner Foundation: $1,000,000 - El Paso, $1,000,000 - Charles T. Bauer Foundation: $1,242,000 - Karsh: $8M - Charter Schools Growth Fund: $2 million - Formanek: $526,000 - Goldring Family Foundation: $1,000,000 - Charles Hayden Foundation: $1.393 million - Victoria Foundation: $626,000 - CityBridge Foundation: $2.9M" Almost all of these donors are foundations that have to annually disclose to the IRS and make available to the public the names of their grantees and the amounts granted. So this information is not privileged, confidential or proprietary. Why would the Office of Innovation and Improvement go along with a request to keep secret from the public information that is subsequently required to be made public? While many of the foundations listed above are led by corporate CEOs or their families, only a few are corporations whose donations might not be routinely disclosed. SAP, for example, is the name of a German corporation that made headlines 18 months ago for dumping the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) after Google dumped ALEC for its climate change denial and obstruction. Should Americans be concerned that a foreign multinational corporation is influencing American "public charters" through KIPP? The truth is foreign multinationals are exercising increasing influence over American charter schools and testing. Just look at the growth in U.S. business of the British firm, Pearson. At the same time, the volume of such private philanthropic support begs the question of why the American taxpayer ought to be subsidizing schools that are touted as public but act like private ones when it comes to executive compensation and roadblocks to transparency, especially at a time when traditional public schools are facing such budgetary pressures? KIPP is a taxpayer-subsidized school franchise that pays no taxes on its revenue and provides a tax-deductible vehicle for uber-wealthy families to promote the school "choice" agenda. And, the fact that taxpayer money is going to a group spending millions on luxury trips to resorts in Las Vegas is mind-boggling in an age of austerity when many public schools are going without basic necessities. With each new fact that comes out, the charter school industry is looking more like the military defense industry with the scandals of the 1980s as with the infamous $600 toilet seat. There's no indication of fraud by KIPP. But from an optics standpoint some might consider a $600 plastic seat small change, compared with a "public school" spending more than a million to go to Disney World in one year, even if only one-third of KIPP's funding comes from taxpayers directly and the remainder comes at taxpayer expense due to CEOs writing off donations to foundations that help underwrite KIPP. Plus, separate from the grant application discussed here, KIPP has been funded by the U.S. Department of Education to conduct leadership training summits for KIPP principals and other personnel. That application also includes significant redactions, including about key components of the budget for what it calls KIPP "summits" or annual meetings and other gatherings (as well as a total redaction of the Mathematica analysis commissioned by KIPP). Meanwhile, KIPP told the Education Department that in its first 10 years it had raised more than $150 million from private philanthropic sources, which underscores the question of why taxpayers are subsidizing an operation that already has ample support from the corporate community and those taxpayer dollars could be going instead to strengthen traditional public schools that are truly public and that are not subsidized by tax write-offs for the one percent through their foundations. Indeed, those tax write-offs serve to diminish the base of revenue available for tax revenue to fund public schools and other genuinely public goods in the first place. A Closer Look at KIPP It appears that all the redactions were in response to "proprietary" instructions KIPP dictated to DOE through a four-page document titled, "Proprietary Information." The Education Department complied with almost all of KIPP's instructions, despite how contrary they are to public policy and even to publicly available information. These black marks come at a time when cracks are starting to show in KIPP's once beyond-reproach veneer. KIPP is the largest and most lauded charter school chain in the United States and the recipient of many millions of dollars in taxpayer grants, foundation gifts and handouts from billionaire charter school enthusiasts. A new book by Jim Horn, Work Hard, Be Hard: Journeys Through ‘No Excuses' Teaching, focuses on the experiences and perspectives of dozens of former KIPP teachers who have become critics of the chain and many of the principles it is based on, including the Teach for America program that supplies KIPP with many of its teachers. The book's title is a reference to "Work Hard. Be Nice" the book-length puff piece authored by Washington Post education reporter Jay Matthews about KIPP's founders Mike Feinberg and Dave Levine. In a review of Work Hard, Be Hard that is excerpted on Diane Ravitch's blog, education professor Julian Vasquez Heilig writes that screaming at students is accepted teaching practice in KIPP schools: Why does KIPP encourage and/or allow these practices? Horn writes, school leaders relayed that ‘because of cultural differences, black students are accustomed to being screamed at…because that's how their parents speak to them.' A KIPP teacher characterized the worst offender at her school as a ‘screamer, swearer and humiliator.' "KIPP might also argue that they are the beneficiaries of widespread support in communities across the nation. It is very clear that KIPP benefits from powerful influential and wealthy supporters in government, the media, and foundations. Their no excuses approach to educating poor children has resonated with the elites in society and they have showered the corporate charter chain with resources for decades. So it may be surprising to some to read the counternarrative from KIPP teachers that is quite different than what you typically read in the newspapers, see in documentaries like Waiting for Superman, and generally experience in the public discourse. I proffer that the KIPP teachers' counternarratives in Journeys should be required reading for all of KIPPs influential supporters." So what is the disgruntled KIPP teachers' counter-narrative? For one, the model seems to create lousy working conditions for the purpose of encouraging high teacher turnover. One former teacher says, "I wouldn't wish it on anyone who wanted to be a teacher for the long-term…It's exhausting. It's demoralizing." And this is where Teach for America comes in. "Without a constant infusion of new teachers to replace all those who burn out," Horn writes, "KIPP would have to shut its doors… The role of Teach For America and programs based on Teach For America's hyper-abbreviated preparation are crucial, then, for the continued survival of… KIPP." In short, the new book offers a devastating critique of the KIPP business model at a time when KIPP and the Department of Education appear to be aiding each other in trying to keep critical information out of the public debate through redaction.

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Thank you, Seth! The Lord has been speaking to me about what being a witness looks like in this day and age, especially here in Jerusalem. So thank you for shedding more light on it. 6 Ways to Know If You’ve Been Called By God Following God’s call was one of the toughest things I ever had to do. And what made it especially hard is that the same questions kept coming up every few years until I’d settled them for good. In college I sensed God calling me to care for the poor, hungry and oppressed in other nations. And after graduating, I went to do just that, first in Indonesia and later in the Dominican Republic. Case closed, right? No, when Karen and I had three babies in the first five years of marriage, it got confusing. Yes, I had heard a call, but now I had new responsibilities and new opportunities to make money. I had to go back to God and pray about it all over again. What to do? It was a struggle. How do you know? How about you? How do you know if you’ve been called by God? The first thing I had to recognize was that we’re all called by God. Paul writes encouraging everyone: “I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received.” (Eph. 4:1) We are all called. I could run, but I couldn’t hide from that call. Beyond that, I had the example of God calling people in Scripture. The conversation between Paul and Jesus as recounted in Acts was especially helpful. Paul shares the story with King Agrippa. He says Jesus told me this: “I have appeared to you to appoint you as a servant and as a witness of what you have seen of me and what I will show you.” (Acts 26:16) It’s a simple sentence, but it has a lot to teach us about the calling of God. Specifically, we can see six aspects of a call that apply to us. “I have appeared to you…” The principle of revelation is that Jesus has made himself known to you. Have you had a revelation? Has Jesus made himself known to you? Think back to the first time you ever came to grips with the person of Jesus. I was about eight. I remember my mom sharing the story of how Jesus had been so cruelly tortured. In that moment, Jesus made himself known to me. Jesus appeared to Paul in a dramatic fashion; to others of us he reveals himself in a more subtle way. We are accountable for the glimpse of Jesus which we have been given. This is the start of our relationship with him. If you have not met the person of Jesus Christ, then you are missing God’s plan for your life. He may not be as dramatically obvious as he was with the apostle Paul, but He does desire to appear to you. This prompts a question: Have you seen Jesus and responded to him? “…to appoint you…” God made us with an inbuilt need for purpose. The principle of appointment is that Jesus wants to give you a role. The Bible says that God is not willing that any should perish and he has enlisted us to make sure that they don’t. When an army recruit enlists, he is given a rank and a role. When Jesus appears to us, he not only does so to save us, but to save the world through us. Dwight L. Moody said, “For years Jesus has been leading me where I never could have gone myself.” Where has he been leading you? Many of us have never listened for or responded to Jesus’ appointment. And in the absence of information, we make assumptions about what we should be doing. Let me encourage you to block out time in your calendar just to pray and hear from God about his appointment. What is the role that he has given to you? “…to appoint you as a servant…” The principle is that you are called first to be a servant. What does Jesus appoint us to do? First, he calls us to learn the role of a servant. This may have been easier to learn in Jesus’ day when class distinctions and slave status were prevalent. Too many Christians have never made Jesus Lord of their lives. He is their savior, but not their master. We have become a church of takers rather than servants. Gen. William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army said, “The greatness of a man’s power is the measure of his surrender.” Have you surrendered your house, your car, your dreams, your family to Jesus? Only after we take up His agenda can we receive His commission. If you’ve done so, then, with Paul, you’ve taken on the role of a servant. Have you responded to His call to serve? “…and as a witness…” God has also called you to be a witness. A witness is one who testifies. We are called to testify to what we know of Jesus. We know for example, that Jesus has given us the gift of eternal life. We know that he desires to give that same gift to everyone else. We testify to what we know. Have we taken on the role of a witness? Are we bothered by the fact that so many in the world are struggling to find hope? Are we looking for ways to boldly give an account of what God is doing in our lives? Where has he called you to be a witness? “…a witness of what you have seen of me…” The principle of observation states that You can only witness to what you have seen of Jesus. Some of us hide behind the excuse that “my faith is a personal thing”, when in fact, we haven’t seen enough of him to make an impact on us. Growing up, I was anything but bold about my faith. I had kind of borrowed a relationship with Christ from my parents. So I didn’t have much boldness. I mostly fumbled with words when it came my time to share who Jesus was to me. To be like him or to share him with others, we must first see him. What have you seen of Jesus? 6. There’s More “a witness…of what I will show you” Your witness changes as Jesus progressively reveals himself. Our testimony is like bread – it must be kept fresh. If allowed to grow old, it’s staleness becomes evident. Our walk with Jesus is a daily, ongoing thing. Our testimony or witness of his power in our life should be continually updated as he continues to regenerate us and show new aspects of his character. He has promised to show more of himself as we walk with him. The point here is that we must continually choose to walk in the right way and to grow in Christ and as we do so, we have a fresh witness. We share with others our own ongoing experience. People need to hear an immediacy and relevance in our witness. They know what day-old bread looks like. They don’t want crusty stuff, they want reality. As you live your life, are you experiencing more of Jesus? To sum up, we are all called. What Jesus gave Paul he gives to us all. None of us are second-class believers. He calls us to share what he’s given with a needy world. You have a call. Why not step into it? Amen, Benita. You are welcome. Good stuff! I have to remind myself every day that it’s not about me. Thank you for this Seth. My daughter is currently on the World Race (N squad) they have just moved from India to Nepal, one month down. At launch I was totally engaged in what the speakers were saying and what was in store for this year. My last conversation with my daughter (26, but who has lived back home for the past 1 1/2 years) was to be all in, be focused and not worry about contacting us…I would be ok with no news is good news…I told her contact when she could but not to focus on home…focus on what God called her to do. Well that was October 3,2016….120pm we walked away from Taylor feeling good, not ever that sad, just excited for her. Hours later, sitting in the Atlanta airport checking facebook, it hit me like a tidal wave..she is not boarding this plane with us, she isn’t coming home with us….I suddenly was in a flood of uncontrollable tears, sobbing tears that I could not control or stop. I started regretting so many things, like why didn’t I make our last moments better, more powerful, sadder, why didn’t I have thanksgiving and Christmas celebrations before she left…why didn’t I do this or that…it wasn’t until days later that I started to recognize that those thoughts were all provoked by Satan. But I was still thinking I am ok with her being all in and not contacting us..it will be ok, God’s got this. Then days passed weeks passed, Facebook is full of “other’ racers parents joyous face times, calls, emails Facebook messages etc and slowly day by day of seeing from others and not my daughter, I was in panic mode, not because I was worried for her safety but because I wanted, needed, to hear her voice and know for myself she was ok…I trusted (so I thought) she was ok, but I needed control of that situation, I needed to hear from her. I laid on her bedroom floor crying out to God, then something took me back to Michelle Guinn’s talk to us about trust and how we may think we do, but we really don’t and God will bring us to total dependence and brokenness before we can move forward…it hit me…I do not trust God…I only trust me, and this is not working!! SO God and I had a talk, and I surrendered control, I put my trust In him, or at least I started to, its a work in progress…but after 13 days, at 3am my phone dings and its a text from my daughter..then a brief facetime call, I thanked God and cried. I only heard from her 2 times In October. India has terrible wifi!! But I know now I can do this, she is ok and I am ok and I am learning to trust without borders and KNOW God is in control and everything will be ok. My kingdom Journey is happening right at home, right In my heart. I have always been a believer, but for the first time In my life, I am gaining a relationship with the Lord. I am beginning to understand God sized prayers and asks, and I am beginning to KNOW without a doubt that with God, all things are truly possible. Thank you Seth for your book and your finding of the World Race. Its life changing, and I will have some pretty great testimony to share of this year when I gave God back control..well actually He always had control, I just thought I did, but never really did!! Wow, Sissy – what a great testimony! God has been tough, yet gracious with you. He has taken your daughter on a race, and it would appear, you on one as well. And you are getting what he wants to give you. I get so sad watching many WR parents not go for it. Content in their own comfortable world, they miss out on his best. Good stuff Seth! I am reminded of the Jesus movement revival back in the late 60’s and 70’s. While at a Keith Green concert, I heard him one night say, “we are all called to go…” (Mt.28)… “the real question should be, ‘is God NOT calling you to go…’”. So, for me personally, I’ve always lived in such a way that he’s called me to be light, and set others free, everywhere. And until I hear him say “stay home and don’t go”, I will continue going to the nations, and my neighborhood with this wondrous thing called Good News! I’m so thankful to be doing it with you. Yes – Keith Green had it right. Will we walk out that truth in our generation? I know you will and I aspire to as well. Sissy, I read your reply just a few moments ago, and I am overjoyed with what’s going on in your heart. With what I do, I get to spend time with racers and their parents during Parent Vision Trips (PVT’s). Your response to what God is doing with Taylor is so good. And seeing what He is doing in you, is extra good! Great word, Seth. I wholeheartedly agree that He’s given every one of us a calling. So many miss it without even knowing it. Thank you for following the calling He gave you, even when it was hard. One thing I heard recently (I believe from someone at AIM) is that calling without character leads to burnout. Since then, I’ve been wrestling with the question of how much someone needs to focus on character building before fully stepping into their calling. I’ve thought about how both formal education and informal training can play into character building. What do you think about that original comment –calling without character leads to burnout–? Do you agree? What would you say to young people who feel their calling from the Lord but are in the process of receiving education or training? That’s a good question, Drew. I do not agree that “calling without character leads to burn out.” Burn out is a function of a lack of fit between capacity, interest and job requirements. You can have great character and still burn out. You build character by placing yourself in situations where failure is a real possibility. Thank you for this post. I am not old enough to go on either World Race trip yet but I am looking at colleges and praying that God would show me exactly what he has planned for me and how he would like me to serve him following high school. I really feel led to attend college and go on a mission trip before settling down to serve him in a community. I am excited about possible paths in my future and I really feel called to serve abroad to those who have not heard his word and children. Thank you again for this post, it has only encouraged me more and assured me to continue praying for the Lord to show me in the coming months and years how I can serve him. God bless you! i was really bless by this I love this message, thank you very much. I can now make my mind. I have the feeling to establish a church for God but I thought I don’t have the call. Please update me on new messages. God bless you Seth. Glad it helped. Keep seeking God and he’ll do for you what he did for Paul! I was called by Jesus at 16. I did everything I could to ignore it. I’m 44. I’m successful in the city of London. I didn’t want this but I can’t not answer. It’s too loud. How do I go forward? Hi Ben – get someone who you would trust to help you ask and answer the questions that will build stepping stones to the call. For example: 1. What specifically do you feel called to? 2. What did you hear and how did you hear it? 3. What do you love to do and what are you good at? 4. Begin to brainstorm a list of experiments you could make to test out various options. If I can help, I’d be happy to give you additional counsel. I know what’s expected of me. It’s the skills I’ve used to make myself so successful in the city – I just don’t know how to start To answer (and, by the way, thank you for your help) I first met Jesus at about 11 years old. A preacher visiting my school helped bring the holy spiritual to us all. I was so excited. ‘How is the headteacher going to explain the force we can now all feel ?’was my overriding question. He did, but badly. 1. My calling is to help break down barriers, be they social, economic, geographic, political or religious. My calling is to fight predudice and injustice. 2. I met Jesus at 16, but felt his love before. A preacher visiting my school facilitated (I was 12) the holy spiritual wrapping itself around us. (More below) 3 I’m gifted with the ability to inspire. I’ve made good money doing so. I do now. At 16 I had this on my conscience. Although Jesus never demanded it, I was always nagged by knowing my skills were not being used correctly. I became president of my uni. I used my skills for myself. I make good money in the city. Jesus asks me every night if I’m ready. I’m not. I didn’t ask for this and I’d prefer a quiet life – but I can no longer see what I do every day on the news and go on without listening and acting. And trying. To answer your question properly – I don’t feel like I’m asked at all. I’m nagged. I’m reminded of what I could offer every time I see injustice. 4. What could I bring? I think I could inspire people to love one another. I think I can help people realise that god isn’t an old man sitting on a cloud – god is within us all. I’m not suggesting I could stop wars – but I can be a voice that makes others think. Sounds like you’re well on your way! God has given you some clarity and he’s equipped you with some skills. The main thing now is just to find a place where, as Frederick Buechner says, “your deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger coincide.” My counsel is to find a mentor to guide you and some specific places where you can offer your gifts to build the kingdom. Thank you this has encouraged me I also took notes, very informative. May God bless you. I understand about calling Yes I had experien all of those sign but I never understands them .. please I need someone to help me follow up.

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Only half-jokingly did I say to some of the orchestra musicians in the lobby of the War Memorial Opera House Thursday night that "There will be dancing, too." The distinguished audience — including many members of the S.F. Symphony, the S.F. Opera Orchestra, and the “Freeway Philharmonic” — was there partly to hear the music. The music in the offing was the commissioned score from Shinji Eshima for the San Francisco Ballet's world premiere of Yuri Possokhov's RAkU. The ballet and the music were received with a huge, well-deserved ovation from the audience nearly filling the 3,146-seat theater (not counting standing room), but the candid truth is there would have been enthusiasm even if the performance had been just good enough. The musicians were there to cheer on one of their own. For three decades, Eshima has been bassist for the Ballet and Opera orchestras. He also is on the faculty of both S.F. State University and S.F. Conservatory of Music, having taught at S.F. School of the Arts, Stanford University, and UC-Santa Cruz. And yes, in his spare time, he composes. In the case of RAkU, Eshima composes magnificently. It is an exceptional score: rich, passionate, stormy, and lyrical by turns, instantly accessible and yet demanding to be heard again, even without the ballet — though it served the piece perfectly. Under Music Director Martin West's baton, the Ballet Orchestra did justice to the work. As Cheryl A. Ossola quotes the composer in the program notes, he said about the complex piece (which even includes Morse code for "I love her"): The central theme of the score is burning. The burning of desire, of passion, of loyalty; the burn of suffering, of jealousy; finally the burning in death — emotions that are so strong that they overcome the discipline of a Zen monk and overcome the loyalties of samurai.The choreographer for this first ballet score by Eshima is San Francisco Ballet Resident Choreographer Yuri Possokhov, who is fast becoming a major figure in the world of dance. That burn throughout one's life is what I think is the greatest thing about being human, the beauty of it all. The grief isn't beautiful, in and of itself, and the loss isn't. But the empathy for it is, and that's what I was trying to convey. With the vastly entertaining Magrittomania, Damned, and 10 other works behind him, Possokhov has now created a major piece that will be performed by many ballet companies in the years ahead. RAkU is a gripping, virtuoso piece, reminiscent of the late Michael Smuin's dramatic — occasionally over-the-top — dance theater. Set against Alexander V. Nichols' design intimating Kyoto's Golden Pavilion, the piece opens with an extended, spirited war dance by four men, channeling Spartacus from Possokhov's original Bolshoi home company. There is also a sense of Noh and Butoh, but in the end, it's all Possokhov. The frenzied scene yields to the utter stillness of the royal couple standing side by side. Few dancers can be immobile and yet convey a range of emotions. Yuan Yuan Tan can and does: strength, submission, love, and fear emanate from her without her moving a muscle. Then, in a sudden coup de théâtre, her enormous, elaborate kimono (in Mark Zappone's costume design) disappears into the flies, and she stands in the simplest of leotards. The physical transformation from splendor to vulnerability is then expressed in a gorgeous love pas de deux, danced by Tan and Damian Smith, both giving their personal best. The prince is called into war, the princess is pursued and violated by a monk (the sensational Pascal Molat), and, after the death of the prince in an unseen battle, then by the warriors who return his ashes and sword. At the end, Possokhov shows admirable restraint and good judgment by not giving in to the temptation of an obvious M. Butterfly finale. Left prostrate on the ground, covered with ashes and holding the sword, Tan seems to dissolve in hurt and sorrow ... and the curtain falls. No sooner did I sing the praise of Amy M. Foote in the Lamplighters' Yeomen of the Guard than "clarinet/bass clarinet and press contact" person Annie Phillips challenged me: "How would you like to hear Amy sing Ravel's Songs of Madagascar"? I would, indeed, and wouldn't you? Especially if you knew that also on the program will be the Debussy Violin Sonata and Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time. The presenter is Nonsemble 6, a group of musicians recently graduated from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. On Feb. 25, the same concert will be heard in St. Paul's Episcopal Church in San Rafael, and on Feb. 27 in Aptos' Christ Lutheran Church. Nonesemble 6 presents multidiscipline concerts featuring artwork to complement the repertoire; this time, commissioned art by Olivia Lam will accompany the Messiaen. Besides Foote and Phillips, Nonsemble 6 includes cellist Annie Suda, pianist Ian Scarfe, violinist-violist Kevin Rogers, and flautist Justin Lee. Mezzo-soprano Zheng Cao will perform with Music Director Nicholas McGegan and the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra in five Bay Area performances March 4-9 and at the Chamber Music Concert on March 13 in the S.F. Conservatory. Cao replaces Frederica von Stade, who has withdrawn "for personal reasons." Since we respect her privacy, that statement will have to stand, except to say that her health appears good. The concerts, March 4 through 9, feature the U.S. premiere of Into the Bright Lights, a cycle of songs composed by Philharmonia Baroque Chorale alumnus Nathaniel Stookey, with lyrics by von Stade herself, about singing and aging. When Flicka performed the world premiere in Toronto, the Globe and Mail called it a reflection "with gentle, often wry honesty on singing and aging ... a touching farewell." Cao says she will perform in these concerts "with tremendous admiration for Flicka, my mentor, my very treasured friend. It's my great honor to replace her in the U.S. premiere of the piece written by Flicka, and composed by Nathaniel Stookey." Cao will also perform "Che faro senza Euridice" from Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice and "Scherza infida" from Handel's Ariodante, with McGegan at the fortepiano. The rest of the program features suites composed for French Baroque ballet by Jean-Philippe Rameau and Jean-Féry Rebel. For the Chamber Music Concert — a new program established in the orchestra's current 30th anniversary season to feature individual musicianship of Philharmonia Baroque players — Cao will perform two Mozart ariettas. The program also includes Mozart's String Quintets No. 2 and 3, with violinists Lisa Weiss and Katherine Kyme, violists Elizabeth Blumenstock and David Daniel Bowes on viola, and cellist William Skeen. As reported in the Houston Chronicle, Flicka has ended her four-decades-long career in opera with performances in Jake Heggie's Dead Men Walking there last week. San Francisco schools and performing arts groups, hosted by the Fei Tian Academy of the Arts California, will celebrate Chinese New Year today with a two-hour-long free concert, beginning at 11:30 a.m. The venue is the Civic Center Plaza, between City Hall and Zhang Huan's "Three Heads Six Arms" sculpture, which stands opposite the Asian Art Museum. Alas, the monumental sculpture is leaving, on its way to other cities. It's been scaring the pigeons and giving a buzz to tourists since last May. It turns out the controversial sculptor is involved with opera, having directed Handel's Semele in Brussels. The dance performance is produced by Cecilia Xiong and Carlos Carvajal. The show will feature various ethnic performing-arts groups and students from several private and public middle and high schools. Long predicted by San Francisco Opera General Director David Gockley, the company is being caught up in the ongoing recession. Although the operating budget was trimmed by $6 million, fiscal year 2010 ended up with a deficit of $1.5 million. The Opera's budget for 2009/2010 was $65.2 million, operating revenue dropped to $27.1 million, and ticket sales brought in $3.5 million less than in the year before. Opera Association President George Hume says there is more to the problem than the crisis in the economy: Although the recession exacerbated the Opera's difficulties in 2009-2010, it did not cause them. The company faces serious long-term challenges to its business model, including a huge obligation to fixed costs that must be addressed. David and his team have a plan in motion to address these challenges that has the board's full support. We are extremely grateful to our donors for their generous contributions to the Opera during the past season, and ask for their ongoing support as we seek answers to the toughest questions we will face over the next few years about the Opera's future. The audited deficit would actually have been $4 to $5 million more had we not prevailed upon donors to re-purpose pledges made to the Opera¹s endowment and to future season¹s productions. This is an opera company seriously out of balance, a situation which must be quickly addressed from all possible angles. Entering its 41st season, San Francisco Contemporary Music Players will be led by newly appointed Artistic Director Steven Schick. He is succeeding David Milnes, who remains music director of the UC Berkeley Symphony Orchestra and conductor of the Berkeley Contemporary Chamber Players. A conductor, performer, and teacher, Schick has championed contemporary percussion music for over 30 years, commissioning and premiering more than a hundred works by such composers as Brian Ferneyhough, David Lang, and Iannis Xenakis. Since their first concert in 1971, Contemporary Music Players has performed more than a thousand works, including no fewer than 145 world premieres and 74 U.S. premieres. The ensemble commissioned 74 new pieces from such composers as John Adams, Mario Davidovsky, Philippe Leroux, Liza Lim, and Julia Wolfe. Schick says: This is one of this country's most venerable and important ensembles for contemporary music; and the terrific musicians of the group and their commitment to cutting-edge musical ideas means that it is also an ensemble of the future. What a thrill it is for me to now be part of an organization that is both roots and rhizomes. We know where we're from; where and how we'll grow next is the exciting part.To save readers the trouble, I looked up rhizomes — it's "A horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure." As artistic director, Schick will serve as both conductor and chief artistic administrator, providing artistic vision and leadership for the ensemble. The 2011/2012 season will feature his programming for a subscription series in Herbst Theatre, beginning in October. Meanwhile, being in great demand as a performer, Schick is making a number of appearances in New York this month, performing John Luther Adams' Inuksuit and Louis Andriessen's Worker's Union as part of the eighth blackbird-curated Tune-In Festival at the Armory and also as conductor and percussionist in the International Contemporary Ensemble's Alice Tully Hall performances. Back home next month, Schick appears in Schick Machine, an evening-length solo musical theater work created especially for him by the Paul Dresher Ensemble in Theater Artaud. Schick’s percussion ensemble, called red fish blue fish, will be featured in the new Peter Sellars production of George Crumb's Winds of Destiny in June at the Ojai Festival and at Ojai North! presented by Cal Performances in Berkeley. It's not every day that San Francisco Symphony offers a program of mostly unfamiliar music, but with the return of Michael Tilson Thomas from the Miami celebrations of his New World Orchestra, SFS will have a doozy. Featuring Hindemith's Concert Music for String Orchestra and Brass, and the great mezzo Anne Sofie von Otter in songs by Stenhammar (!), Grieg, Nielsen, and Sibelius, the only concession to the familiar will be Brahms' Serenade No. 1. The subscription concerts will be held in Davies Symphony Hall, March 3-6. Do not miss. "Chairman [Mao] Dances," Richard M. Nixon arrives in Beijing aboard Air Force One (dwarfing memory of the onstage helicopter in Miss Saigon), and there is "The Red Detachment of Women" ballet (to Mark Morris' choreography), plus many other historical-theatrical wonders. This is John Adams' 1987 opera, a fascinating, groundbreaking work. It is taking a quarter century to be seen in San Francisco where it was born. Nixon in China will be heard and seen here live Saturday morning, both in radio broadcast and HD telecast from the Metropolitan Opera, which is now producing the work for the first time. The broadcast is scheduled on the new KDFC, 90.3 FM. The production is shown live in high-definition telecasts in two dozen movie theaters in Northern California, beginning at 10 a.m. local time. Hundreds of radio stations and HD theaters around the world participate in the event. The Berkeley composer's opera was first seen at a workshop performance in Herbst Theatre long before a public production. Its San Francisco Opera premiere is scheduled only for June 8 through July 3, 2012. Nixon’s world premiere took place in Houston, when the opera company there was under the direction of current San Francisco Opera General Director David Gockley. The Met premiere is conducted by Adams himself, who points out that Nixon and all his other operas — such as The Death of Klinghoffer and Doctor Atomic — "have dealt on deep psychological levels with our American mythology. The 1972 meeting of Nixon and Mao is a mythological moment in world history, particularly American history." Longtime Adams collaborator Peter Sellars makes his Met debut with Nixon, which he has directed in numerous production. Baritone James Maddalena stars in the title role, which he created at the world premiere, and has sung many times since. Other key characters are Pat Nixon (Janis Kelly), Chairman Mao (Robert Brubaker) and his wife Chiang Ch'ing (Kathleen Kim), Henry Kissinger (Richard Paul Fink), and Premier Chou En-lai (Russell Braun). The Chinese names are spelled the pre-"Beijing" way in Alice Goodman's libretto. Early reviews of this unusual opera about recent historical events, and with minimalist music, were sharply divided. Donal Henahan in The New York Times wrote that "Mr. Adams does for the arpeggio what McDonald's did for the hamburger," but in England, it was called "the most influential opera of the past 20 years," pioneering the genre of "CNN opera." Encore telecasts will be given March 2, beginning at 6:30 p.m. Running time is about four hours. The same theaters that carry the Met HD simulcasts also offer Los Angeles Philharmonic concerts. The next event, on March 13, will be [Gustavo] Dudamel Conducts Tchaikovsky. The concert begins at a more audience-friendly 2 p.m. than the Met's 10 a.m. simulcasts — and the price is $20, instead of $24 for the opera. This all-Tchaikovsky program features his three Overture-Fantasies inspired by Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and The Tempest. Interspersed between the music, actors will read excerpts from those plays. San Francisco's Jake Heggie is among composers asked to create short songs inspired by presidential quotes for National Public Radio Music of new songs relating to our presidents. Samuel Adler, Nora Kroll-Rosenbaum, and Nico Muhly are some of the other participating composers. NPR notes that Thomas Jefferson was a fiddler, Harry Truman played piano, and Bill Clinton works the saxophone, but the new project, headed by Judith Clurman, "makes them sing." Clurman commissioned composers to write short choral pieces based on the words of 16 American presidents, for a series called Mr. President, in celebration of Presidents' Day. Among the songs: "The ballot is stronger than the bullet" (Abraham Lincoln), "A leader has to lead, or otherwise he has no business in politics" (Harry Truman), "Above all, we must realize that no arsenal, or no weapon in the arsenals of the world, is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women" (Ronald Reagan), and "With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come... Yes, we can" (Barack Obama). The songs, performed by Clurman's Essential Voices USA choir, will be released on the Deceptive Cadence blog throughout the month.

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Are you seeking methods to earn income from digital products? Or are you searching for good content to improve your marketing game? Enter Private Label Rights (PLR) – a big deal in content creation. With PLR, you can use content that’s already made, so you don’t have to start from zero. This means you can quickly add new products to your lineup or enhance your marketing materials without spending a lot of time or money on content creation. PLR content can be a game-changer, especially if you’re short on time or resources. It allows you to customize and brand pre-made content as your own, giving you the flexibility to tweak it to suit your needs. Plus, it opens up opportunities to explore new niches or expand your offerings with minimal risk. In our fast-moving digital world, using PLR content is not just handy – it’s a smart move that can save you a lot of time and effort. It’s also a cost-effective way to get high-quality content that can engage your audience and help you achieve your business goals. In this article, we’ll give you a list of the 16 best sites to download free PLR products, like articles, ebooks, videos, software, templates, planners, journals, and much more. Overview of the Free PLR Download Sites: |Available Free Products: |PLR.me (Free Credit Coupon) |BIG PRODUCT STORE |Planners, Journals, Printables, and more |PLR Ebook Supplier |The Happy Journals |Planners, Journals, Printables, and more |My Resell Rights Products |Free PLR Downloads What Are PLR Products? PLR products are digital products that come with Private Label Rights. Those rights allow you to legally use the content in almost any way you want, and there can be many types of PLR products covering many topics and niches. The most popular PLR product categories are – ebooks, articles, courses, software, planners, videos, audio, landing pages, templates, graphics, WordPress plugins, checklists, action guides, and more. Besides Private Label Rights products, you will also come across products with other more restrictive licensing types, such as – Resell Rights, Master Resell Rights, and Giveaway Rights. Before you start using done-for-you content, it’s important to know the distinctions between different licensing terms. So here they are: - Private Label Rights – allows you to do almost everything you want with the product, including modifying, rebranding, claiming your authorship, and reselling. - Resell Rights – allows to only resell the product without changing it and passing resell license to customers. - Master Resell Rights – allows you to only resell the product, as well as pass the resell license to your customers. - Giveaway Rights – allows the product to be given away for free with or without changing its contents (this license often comes with Private Label Rights) All these licenses are popular across various PLR sites, but, if you want to rebrand, edit, and get the most out of done-for-you products, then it’s better to only stick with Private Label Rights content. 16 Best Websites To Get Free PLR Digital Products: Now that we know what are PLR products, it’s time to get into the best PLR websites to get free PLR content. So, let’s go! PLR.me stands out as the best PLR product seller on the web, and this is evident once you see the quality of the products they offer. While many other PLR sites peddle outdated and value-lacking products, PLR.me genuinely cares about its customers and only provides authentic and high-quality content. All of the content on this platform is original and written by native English in-house writers, which is why the cost of their products tends to be higher than others. While the primary focus of this website is health and wellness, it also offers products in a broad range of world niches. PLR.me covers key PLR product categories such as articles, ebooks, and courses, but also delves into unique areas like affirmation reflections, action guides, and worksheets. While the site doesn’t typically offer free PLR digital products, there’s a way around that. We’re about to share a special coupon code with you, granting 10 free credits, which can be used to download up to: - 10 articles - 1 ebook - 10 landing page templates - 10 checklists - 5 action guides - and more… Plus, you get 2 free credits every month for just being a free member, so you can use them for your future downloads. 2. PLR Database PLR Database is a well-known membership site offering a large number of free PLR digital products that mostly consist of free ebooks. It also packs free PLR articles, audiobooks, squeeze pages, audio & video courses, stock photos, and other great done-for-you products. There are currently 1,593 free products on the PLR Database, and the number is growing as the moderators regularly add new free products weekly. The majority of products are well-written and nicely designed, and they come with additional files such as reports, covers, squeeze pages, opt-in pages, and more. To access the free product section, simply go to their website, navigate to ‘Marketplace’, and then go to ‘Free Products’. All you need to do to download them is to sign up for a free account. Must mention that content from the free product section is only a sneak peek of what the PLR Database has to offer in the premium membership. If you would like to access the premium quality PLR product library, you can upgrade your membership for just $10 a month, $25 for three months, or $49 for a year. Creative Fabrica is an established marketplace where you can find high-quality graphic design-related PLR products. Although this website isn’t a PLR site, the majority of products sold there come with flexible use rights, and you can get 10 of them for free with a risk-free trial. To find PLR products on Creative Fabrica, input “PLR” into the search bar, and over 170 products will appear, predominantly consisting of journals, planners, and various printables. But as mentioned, you can find plenty of products, that you can rebrand, resell, or give away as your own, and many of them include Canva or Powerpoint files for easy customization. Normally, the products on this platform are priced relatively low, and often you can find really good stuff for as little as $0.99. Besides that, Creative Fabrica also has a lot of freebies to offer just for creating a free account. To access all premium content unrestrictively, you can join the platform’s membership with an affordable monthly subscription. But before that, make sure to take advantage of a free trial that will let you download up to 10 products for free. Big Product Store is a high-quality PLR membership site with tons of great brandable products to offer. While the majority of content on Big Product Store is accessible via paid membership, there are also some free digital products that you can download with a free account. Most of the free stuff out there are MRR products consisting of ebooks, software, and scripts, and they mainly cover affiliate marketing, social media, and make-money-online topics. To access a much wider range and better quality PLR content, you may consider opting for one of the paid membership plans. The unique aspect of Big Product Store is that it offers affordable lifetime access to its products. For just a $98.50 one-time fee you get access to the constantly updated PLR product library forever. Alternatively, you can also subscribe to a monthly plan for $19.90 a month. Inside the membership, you can instantly download over 10,000 premium-quality PLR products, such as articles, audios, ebooks, templates, graphics, WordPress plugins, and a lot more. Tools For Motivation stands out as a premier destination for coaches and consultants, offering free PLR packs in a self-help area. These are not just any products, they are original creations developed in-house by a team of experts. Currently, they provide 9 free PLR product bundles, that come in the following titles: - Dream Big Free PLR - Stress Relief Free PLR - So You Don’t Like Mondays Free PLR - Discover What Inspires You Free PLR - Challenge Yourself Free PLR - Cultivate Self-Esteem Free PLR Special - Getting Good Guidance Free PLR Special - Build Your Success Plan Free PLR - Strengthening Self-Image-Free PLR Each bundle is thoughtfully structured into three parts, guiding students on a transformative self-development journey. These bundles consist of a variety of PLR resources, from articles and audio recordings to social graphics and blog headers. The provided PLR license is comprehensive, granting you the flexibility to edit, deconstruct, enhance, or even sell the content as is. You can also bundle it with other products, offer it as a bonus, and much more. As the name suggests Freeplrdownloads.com is a website fully dedicated to free PLR products. The website itself does not look very attractive, as it seems outdated and poorly designed, however, the platform does its job by offering hundreds of PLR and other licensing rights products for free. There are Private Label Rights, Basic Resell Rights (Resell Rights), Giveaway Rights, and Personal Rights products coming in a variety of categories, such as ebooks, article packs, videos, software, and PLR newsletters. These products also cover plenty of niches including, advertising, marketing, health, fitness, outdoors, gardening, relationships, wedding, law, finance, and many more. They have pretty good product descriptions where you will get an idea about what each product is about and what it contains. Another nice thing about this platform is that the products are available instantly and you don’t even have to sign up to access them. 7. Urban PLR Urban PLR is a PLR product store and a membership site at once, offering various PLR products in many niches. The best part of this website is that for just $99 you can access 85,000 royalty-free PLR Products for a lifetime. Besides premium PLR, Urban PLR also has a small collection of free PLR digital products to offer, and those include: - 70+ free PLR articles from 6 niches - 30+ free PLR audio tracks - 50+ free PLR stock images - 10+ free PLR eBooks on 5 topics - 30+ free PLR quote - 20+ free PLR stock HD videos You don’t even need to register to download free PLR content. Simply click the download button, and you will get a zip package containing all the products. For those in search of free high-quality PLR content, PLR Ebook Supplier might be the right source. This online store offers over 800 digital products as well as an efficient ebook store-building service. The easiest way to find free PLR content on this site is by going to the product library and sorting products by price – from low to high. There you will see dozens of free PLR products consisting of ebooks, mini-courses, audiobooks, graphics, articles, and other PLR content. As you scroll down you will also notice plenty of low-priced PLR items ranging from just $0.99 to $2.99 each. That’s still a good deal knowing that the majority of the content from this store comes with beautifully designed covers and up-to-date valuable information inside. To make your purchase even cheaper, you can get 50% off the first ebook purchase with the code PLRDISCOUNT at the checkout. In case, you want to have your own store filled with ready-to-sell ebooks, PLR Ebook Supplier also provides ebook store-building services. For a $675 one-time fee, you can have your own online store filled with +370 ebooks in less than 48 hours. In case you are looking for free low-content PLR products, The Happy Journals is one of the best places to find them. Low-content products like planners or journals have been in huge demand recently, as more and more people get into the habit of planning and journaling things. That’s why now is a great opportunity to start selling such products on Amazon, Shopify, Etsy, or your own store, The Happy Journals features plenty of PLR planners, journals, templates, workbooks, printables, checklists, digital notebooks, and many other products – all related to motivation, happiness, spirituality, and positivity. The covers and interiors of each product are beautifully designed with light pastel colors and every product comes with DOC and PowerPoint files, so you can easily customize them to your needs. As for freebies, The Happy Journals offers 11 free PLR packs consisting of free PLR planners, calendars, printables, digital papers, journal prompts, templates, stickers, and more. All free products come with full Private Label Rights meaning you will be able to modify, resell, or give them away for free to grow your email list. While the name of this website implies a focus on Resell Rights products, it also offers a wide range of Private Label Rights, Master Resale Rights, and Giveaway Rights products. My Resell Rights Products is primarily a premium PLR membership site. However, within it, you can access a variety of free PLR downloads. To take advantage of these free offers, you’ll need to create a free account. Currently, the website boasts over 100 free PLR ebooks, 7 free PLR videos, 11 free PLR software products, 12 PLR graphic packages, and more than 340 free PLR article packs. If you’re open to other licensing types, the platform provides even more free content under RR, MRR, and Giveaway licenses. As is the case with many platforms, the free PLR downloads here might not always be of top-tier quality, and some products could be outdated. For those interested in accessing the latest, high-quality products, there’s an option to upgrade to a premium membership. The premium membership is available in three plans: monthly ($5), yearly ($47), or a lifetime plan ($67).” 11. Today PLR Continuing with our list of the best free PLR download sites, Today PLR is another great website to acquire free PLR. This website features thousands of premium products including audios, ebooks, graphics, software, videos, articles, and templates, while there is also a lot of stuff that you can download for free. To access the premium products, you can sign up for a monthly, yearly, or lifetime membership, but downloading the free products is as easy as creating a free account. In the free section, you will find over 230 PLR, Resell Rights, or Master Resale Rights ebooks, and the majority of them have been added recently. The books cover plenty of niches, and they come with valuable content as well as beautiful cover designs. 12. PLR Mines PLRMines.com is a two-in-one PLR product provider that offers membership plans and sells products individually. On top of that, it has a decent collection of free PLR products that you can also take advantage of. The majority of their free content are ebooks, but there are also products like graphics, videos, templates, and software. To find those free PLR downloads, simply navigate to their homepage, click on ‘Freebies’, register for a free account, and download the stuff. The website currently packs over 400 free PLR ebooks, 50 graphics packs, 50 video products, 40 templates, and 70 software pieces. From what we tried so far, we can only recommend their free ebook section, as the rest of the categories offer outdated products that do not seem very useful. Must mention that not all of their free ebooks come with Private Label Rights as there are also ebooks with Resell Rights, Master Resell Rights, and other licenses. If you are looking for free ebooks that can be given away, make sure you navigate to the ebooks with Giveaway Rights. IDPLR is a well-known PLR provider site in the industry. It is the membership site that offers monthly, and lifetime membership plans allowing you to unlimitedly access all content for as long as you are a member. Alongside its premium membership products, IDPLR also has some stuff to offer for free. As a free member, you can explore dozens of: Alternatively, you can explore their higher-quality PLR products in many niches and categories by joining their paid membership. You can either subscribe to a 3-month access for $39, a 1-year plan for $69, and a lifetime plan for $79. The membership will allow you to access over 12,590 PLR products and 200,000 PLR articles without any restrictions or limitations. Additionally, you will receive bonus access to free web hosting, 3D Cover Creator, landing & squeeze page software, and more. PLRPLR is a well-known free PLR article directory with hundreds of thousands of free articles, which you can freely use as your own. This website is great for not only free PLR content but also for blog post ideas, as you can find plenty of articles with engaging titles covering endless niches. The articles there are well-written, and they consist of 500-1000 words on average. Unlike other PLR sites that offer content only in generic niches, PLRPLR has articles even in the tiniest niches, such as alternative medicine, bathroom remodeling, candle making, or golden retrievers. The good thing about this site is that you can sort articles by niche, and you don’t even have to register to access them. Just simply choose your favorite niche, open up the article, and copy it to your clipboard. 15. PLR Free Online PLR Free Online is a well-known hub for those looking for free PLR goods. There are currently over 1,200 free products on PLR Free Online, and they consist of ebooks, article packs, software, WordPress plugins, and videos. These products come in many niches and may include source files like sales pages, eCovers, and squeeze pages. Each product has a good description of itself so that you don’t have to waste your time downloading the wrong products even if they are free. What is nice about this site is that it displays a rating score for each product represented by the people who liked or disliked the product. That saves you a bit of time giving you a better idea of which products are worth downloading. But the best part about PLR Free Online is that you don’t even have to sign up to download their products and they are available with a single mouse click! The overall quality of the products is not that bad, especially when keeping in mind that they are free. However, new products could be added more often. Resell Rights Weekly is another PLR membership site that offers a lot of free Private Label Rights and Resale Rights products. At first sight, Resell Rights Weekly looks like an outdated site from the ’90s. However, the visual look is not what this platform focuses on and it regularly keeps adding decent products to the member’s area. There are currently over 700 free PLR products in different categories, as well as a huge pack of over free 10,000 articles covering many niches. Although it is nice that Resell Rights Weekly has so many products to offer for free, we do not recommend bothering with their free product section. It’s because you will hardly find value there as many products are outdated, low-quality, and nothing new has come for months. Alternatively, you can grab their 1$ membership trial to unlimitedly access the premium products for seven days. Within that time you can download as many products as you want. If you like the products in the membership and would like to see new stuff coming up, you can carry on with your membership for $19,95 a month. While this option is not 100% free, many people would consider 1 dollar to be low-cost, and for that, you can truly get a lot of value from this platform. There are currently over 7,000 premium PLR and RR products in the membership, as well as 100k PLR articles. The quality of content from premium membership is definitely better, and they regularly add something new to it. About 100 new products are being added each month, so you can expect to find something fresh if you decide to sign up for a 1$ trial. In case this list of free PLR sites is not enough for you, you can also check out our article about the best premium PLR sites. How To Use PLR Products? Now that we know what are the best websites for downloading high-quality free PLR products, let’s discuss how you can use them effectively. There are many ways to use PLR content, and one of the most popular is reselling. Due to the nature of digital products, reselling them can be a fantastic way to earn passive income. That’s because selling digital products does not involve manufacturing costs, holding the physical inventory, or shipping costs, therefore the labor efforts are often low and profit margins are always high. PLR content like ebooks, courses, product bundles, planners, journals, or software can work very well with this method. There can be many places where you can sell PLR products, and the most popular options include Etsy, Amazon KDP, Creative Market, and others. You can also sell PLR downloads from your blog or online store. Another very popular way to use PLR products is by giving them away for free in exchange for an email address. Smaller PLR products like ebooks, checklists, worksheets, and others can work perfectly as lead magnets to capture the emails of your audience. Besides that, there are more ways how PLR products can help in your business, and you can also use PLR content for: - Articles on your blog - Social media posts - Email newsletters - Guest posts and WEB 2.0s - Converting into audio or video formats - Freelancing works - Paid and free membership sites - & more… Hopefully, after reading this article you have managed to find the best free PLR source, and if you still haven’t, we highly recommend checking out PLR.me. This site offers premium PLR products and you can download up to 10 of them for free by using this special coupon. Once you download PLR products, there can be many ways how you could effectively use them. But before that, you probably should do one very important thing – modify and rebrand them. This especially applies to free products since they are easily accessible to everyone. If you truly care about your customers and your audience, you should focus on providing unique and authentic content, and this is the key to long-term online business success. Modifying PLR content becomes an even more important task if you are planning to use it for blogging. For example, don’t ever just take a PLR article from a free site and slap it directly to your blog without changing it. This is not the right way to build valuable and profitable content online, and you will not even get organic site visitors like that, because search engines like Google do not rank plagiarized content. So every time you plan to use a PLR article on your blog, make sure you check its originality score and edit until it gets original. In this way, you will publish the original content. You can either rewrite PLR content by hand or with the help of rewriting software like Spin Rewriter. This tool allows you to automatically rewrite the content into unique in seconds. Besides PLR articles, it’s always a good idea to change the PLR product by adding your brand to it. That increases the trust of your audience and customers, as well as helps you to stand out from the competitors. You can also change PLR products by packaging them with other products, repurposing them into other formats like text, podcast, and video, or by simply adding value. Good Luck in the PLR journey!

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For people living with disabilities, a dog can be the key that opens the door to independent living. It’s been estimated that there are more than 500,000 service-dog/handler teams in the United States, and by law, these teams are accorded the right of access to nearly every place that the human handlers can go. Most dog owners love seeing well-trained service dogs enabling their disabled humans to ride public transportation, navigate shopping and workplaces, and enjoy a night out in restaurants and the theater. Few of us, however, like seeing obviously untrained or out-of-control dogs in public places where they may reflect badly on the service-dog industry. They may also engender hostility from business owners and managers, who often feel they have no recourse when ill-mannered dogs wreak havoc in their establishments. We discussed the moral and legal considerations associated with the growing problem of “fake service dogs” in “Artificial Needs” (WDJ July 2013). It’s a complex conundrum, in part due to the Department of Justice’s use of an “honor system” as to whether or not a dog is a trained service animal, the various agencies involved, and the challenging nature of drafting regulations designed to protect – without infringing upon – the rights of those living with a disability. Adding to the confusion is another class of companion animals who, teamed with their disabled handlers, are accorded expanded rights of access in certain situations: emotional-support animals, often referred to as “ESAs.” Many people believe – falsely – that emotional-support animals are allowed to go anywhere with their handlers that service-dog/handler teams can go. It seems that almost everyone is confused about which dogs can go where, and how one can determine which dogs are legitimate helpers and which are pets whose owners may be taking advantage of the confusion! Let’s sort it all out. (If you’re just looking for a quick breakdown of the different types of assistance dogs, check out this article from Dogster.com.) The Americans with Disabilities Act The law that gives service-dog/handler teams the right to enter places where dogs are not usually permitted is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). First enacted in 1990, the ADA is overseen by the United States Department of Justice. An amendment process began in 2008, with revisions to the Act taking effect in 2011. (Technically, the current regulation is known as the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendment Act (ADAAA), though most people still refer to the “ADA” when referencing federal service-dog law.) The ADA was enacted to “provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities,” and to protect a disabled person’s access and right to “fully participate in all aspects of society.” The ADA defines a disabled person as one who “has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment.” The phrase “major life activities” is defined in the ADA as including “caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working.” The ADA recognizes that disabled persons may require “reasonable accommodations or auxiliary aids or services” in order to “fully participate in society.” Service animals are included as one of those aids; that’s why dog/handler teams are granted expanded rights of access to areas that are typically off limits to animals. Under the ADA, “state and local governments, businesses, and nonprofit organizations that serve the public generally must allow service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas of the facility where the public is normally allowed to go.” Currently, only dogs and miniature horses who have been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a disabled person may be considered service animals. (Miniature horses are regulated with slightly different guidelines; we will discuss only service dogs in this article.) Keep in mind that it’s the task that the dog is specifically trained to perform, in order to entirely or partly mitigate the handler’s disability, that gives handlers the right to have that dog in public areas that are typically off limits to dogs. The ADAAA’s definition of a service animal includes these clarifications: “Examples of such work or tasks include guiding people who are blind, alerting people who are deaf, pulling a wheelchair, alerting and protecting a person who is having a seizure, reminding a person with mental illness to take prescribed medications, calming a person with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during an anxiety attack, or performing other duties. Service animals are working animals, not pets. The work or task a dog has been trained to provide must be directly related to the person’s disability.” The ADA imposes reasonable restrictions on the use of service animals in public; the Act is certainly not a license to bring just any dog anywhere at any time. The dog must be harnessed, leashed, or tethered, unless the device interferes with the animal’s ability to work, in which case the individual must still be able to control the animal through voice commands, hand signals, or other means of effective control. The dog must also be well-behaved and entirely under control. “Through the ADA, if a dog is misbehaving in public – if they’re in a restaurant and the animal is not house-trained, or is eating food off of the table, the business owner has the right to ask the individual to remove the dog from the premises,” says Jeanine Konopelski, a spokesperson for Assistance Dogs International (ADI). The ADA also states that, in some cases, it might be appropriate to exclude a service animal. For example, although a service dog can’t be excluded from the general-access areas of a hospital (patient rooms, exam rooms, or the cafeteria), he can be reasonably excluded from operating rooms and other sterile environments. Protecting the Rights of the Disabled Of course, ordinary dogs are barred by law from many public areas. But disabled people can bring their trained service dogs with them almost anywhere, because the ADA makes it against the law to discriminate against or restrict access to disabled persons – in this case, ones who are using an auxiliary aid (a dog) to mitigate their disabilities. When a business owner or employee is unsure whether the dog is a service animal, he may ask only two specific questions of the handler: 1. Is the service animal required because of a disability? 2. What work or task has the animal been trained to perform? Staff may not inquire as to the specifics of the handler’s disability, require any special documentation, or ask that the animal demonstrate its ability to perform the work or task. However, the handler’s answers must be credible. “He’s trained to dance on his hind legs and it makes me happy,” would not qualify as a credible answer to Question 2. The trained tasks must be relevant to the handler’s disability. Emotional Support Animals Now, buckle up, because this is where the ride gets bumpy. There is another type of commonly referenced animal that assists disabled humans and is granted greater access in certain situations than most pets: the “emotional-support animal” (ESA). These are personal pets (different types of animals, not just dogs, can be used) who have not been trained to perform specific tasks, but whose presence is physically or psychologically beneficial to their disabled handlers. It’s a safe bet that many of us would be happier if our dogs were allowed to accompany us on all of life’s adventures. But there’s a significant difference between being happier when in the company of a beloved pet dog and experiencing a psychiatric disability in its absence. The key word is disability, which must meet a clearly defined standard. In order to qualify as disabled, one or more of a person’s activities of daily life must be severely impacted by the condition. A treating medical provider must diagnose the individual’s disability and state that having access to the animal will benefit the disabled handler. A team comprised of a disabled person and her emotional-support animal does not qualify for any special protections by the ADA, which states clearly, “Dogs whose sole function is to provide comfort or emotional support do not qualify as service animals under the ADA.” However, there are two other federal departments that grant ESA/handler teams more access than people with ordinary pets. Their access to housing that is otherwise not available to people with pets is protected by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s “Fair Housing Act,” and their access to air transportation is protected by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s “Air Carrier Access Act.” Both Acts stipulate that the disabled person has a letter from his or her treating medical professional corroborating the disability, and the professional’s opinion that a specific emotional-support animal ameliorates the symptoms of disability. The Fair Housing Act prevents landlords from refusing to make reasonable accommodations in rules and policies (such as a “no pets” policy), as needed in order for a disabled person to use the housing. Service dogs and most emotional-support animals are considered reasonable accommodations. There are some exceptions to this provision of the Fair Housing Act; for example, a person with an ESA may be denied housing in a building containing four or fewer units where the owner lives in one, and in cases where an individual who owns three or fewer single-family homes and does not use a broker to manage those homes. The Air Carrier Access Act states “carriers shall permit dogs and other service animals used by persons with a disability to accompany the persons on a flight.” Airlines are not required to permit emotional-support snakes (or other reptiles), rodents, or spiders in the cabin. People often ask about the difference between PTSD dogs (that is, dogs who are used to assist a person who has been diagnosed with post traumatic stress disorder) and emotional-support dogs. PTSD dogs are a type of psychiatric service dog. Like all legitimate service dogs, PTSD dogs have been trained to perform specific tasks that mitigate the handler’s psychiatric disability. For example, a PTSD dog might be trained to recognize and respond to an impending panic attack or interrupt self-mutilation behaviors. Emotional-support dogs are not trained to perform specific tasks related to the psychiatric disability, yet in many cases, the dog’s presence is considered physically or psychologically beneficial to the disabled handler. To review: PTSD dogs are service dogs and emotional-support animals are not. Handlers with medically necessary emotional-support animals can fly with their animal and request that the animal be accepted in most housing situations that wouldn’t otherwise allow pets. However, they are not allowed in typical “no pets” areas such as inside restaurants, shops, hospitals, office buildings, etc. Service Dog FAQs When it comes to navigating the seemingly endless sea of information pertaining to service-dog law, the following questions are most commonly asked: Do all service dogs come from professional organizations? No. Service dogs are not required to be trained by a professional organization in order to earn the ADA’s right to access, and many handlers choose to self-train their dogs. However, it’s important that prospective handlers carefully evaluate their own skills when deciding whether to self-train, train with the help of a professional trainer, or look for an already trained dog from a reputable organization. For a person who has never previously had a dog, working with a service-dog program can be helpful. Dailyah Rudek, a service-dog law and mediation expert and executive director of The ProBoneO Program, says, “For someone who is a novice dog handler, we definitely have a bias toward a program-trained dog.” Handlers with a bit of dog training experience under their belt have access to myriad resources to assist them throughout the owner-training journey. Rudek says it’s imperative that those looking to owner-train familiarize themselves with – and utilize – as many of the resources as possible. “If folks are diligent about it and go step by step, and if they’re lucky enough to get a dog who has the right temperament, owner-trained dogs can be incredibly successful,” she says. People searching for a professionally trained service dog must exercise due diligence. While the members of ADI are screened as part of their paid membership, dog training remains an unregulated industry, which means any trainer can advertise “trained service dogs” for sale, often with shockingly high price tags. “People need to be beyond careful,” Rudek says. “You hear stories all the time – people who paid $10,000 for a dog and it doesn’t even know how to sit. I wouldn’t pay that kind of money unless I knew they had successfully trained at least 15 different teams, and I’d had a chance to speak with some of those satisfied customers and see them in action.” Are service dogs required to be certified? No. There is no legally recognized, nor federally required, national certification for service dogs, nor is there a legitimate national registry for service dogs. However, a quick Internet search reveals any number of websites offering to “register” a dog as a service dog – for a fee, and without any type of evaluation. Such sites typically sound authoritative, with names boasting words such as “national,” “United States,” and “official,” and offer things like registration certificates, photo identification cards, and service-dog patches – all for a price. While it is not required, some legitimate dog/handler teams choose to pay for the official-looking paperwork and other accessories, as showing such items sometimes simplifies access issues when dealing with business owners who are not familiar with the law. However, to those truly knowledgeable of the regulations, such paraphernalia is a potential red flag. “Personally, I am inherently suspicious of anyone who shows me an identification card because the law says you don’t need one,” cautions Matthew Karpinski, chief legal officer for The ProBoneO Program. It’s also been said within the service-dog community that legitimate handlers who choose to show things like identification cards inadvertently make it harder for those within the community who don’t, because it sends a mixed message to businesses, many of which become more resistant to teams who lack the same gear. Are there any standards for service dogs at all? The answer to this depends on what is meant by standards. As discussed above, service-dog/handler teams don’t need any official certifications in order to have public access. However, many service-dog advocacy organizations, including International Association of Assistance Dog Partners and Assistance Dogs International, promote a similar set of minimum training standards for service dogs, which they recommend handlers meet or exceed when training or working a service dog in public. The two above-mentioned organizations address a minimum number of training hours for basic obedience and public access-specific issues. They also provide basic guidelines for obedience and the ability to perform disability-related tasks on cue. The standards state that a service dog must not display any signs of aggression (either natural or elicited on-cue, such as in protection work), and further include the handler’s responsibilities as part of the dog-handler team. Both sets of standards can be used as a road map of sorts for handlers wishing to train their own service dogs, or when training in partnership with a professional trainer. They are also used by professional organizations that provide fully trained service dogs. When a dog/handler team successfully meets the minimum standards or passes the public access test, the team is often considered “certified” by virtue of meeting the standard. It’s a tricky choice of words, as it likely contributes to the public’s confusion regarding the lack of a legally required certification. (Perhaps referring to such dogs as “verified” versus “certified” would lessen the confusion?) “We at ADI call a dog who has passed our public access test a ‘certified dog,’ but it’s not a certification that’s required by law,” Jeanine Konopelski explains. “It’s sort of like, if you work in finance and you have an MBA; you’re not legally required to have that certification. The certification is something we do to make sure that the dog can abide by and adhere to the different guidelines for public access,” she adds, pointing out that the certification is for the dog/handler pair as a team and not the individual dog. Why isn’t there a national certification for service dogs? Experts cite two major challenges of implementing a national certification process for service dogs: Who would be responsible for testing, and how would such a program be funded? “The disabled are statistically in the lowest economic bracket,” Rudek says. “To have a test become mandatory, you’d have to make it super accessible to a bunch of people, many of whom don’t drive and who have no money. How do you make that work? Many people say, ‘Well, what about making it like a driver’s license?’ and the problem with that is that driving is a privilege, not a right. If you’re disabled, having your service dog with you is a civil right.” Currently, a Canadian province is exploring new regulations that will potentially limit access to “no pets” areas to only those teams trained by professional ADI partners and the International Guide Dog Federation. Such a move, while likely initiated in an effort to raise the training standards, could severely limit the disabled community’s access to service dogs. Karpinski estimates that in the United States, only 1 to 5 percent of all service dogs are trained through a professional training organization. Can states pass different laws to protect or prohibit the use of service dogs or ESAs? Service-dog law is complicated by the fact that there are two levels of legislation to be considered – state and federal, says Karpinski. While the ADA provides federal protection for the public access of service-dog teams that meet its qualifications, individual counties and states have the option of drafting additional laws that extend ADA accommodations. For example, many states have their own laws that prohibit denying access to a service-dog team, making it a state crime that carries a hefty fine. States may not, however, pass legislation that limits the disabled person’s protections to less than what the ADA provides. The difference between state versus federal protection is most relevant when addressing public access violations. If a team is denied access where it is against state law to do so, the police can be called and the issue is likely to be promptly resolved. In states without that enhanced protection, the team’s only recourse is to file a complaint with the Department of Justice – a much longer process. Can states require that service dogs be certified, or require that handlers show proof that the dog has been vaccinated? Remember, state laws cannot be more restrictive than federal law. Therefore, states can’t require any special certification in order for the team to be granted the public access rights that are outlined in the ADA. However, individual states can designate certain requirements in order for the team to receive state-specific enhanced protections. For example, let’s say the law in a handler’s state specifies that service dogs must be identified via orange vests. The handler may choose not to follow this rule, since state laws cannot be more restrictive than federal laws, and the ADA does not require service dogs to work in vests. However, should an issue arise – say, a local business owner denies the team access – the handler will not have state law on his side. It’s still a crime to deny the team access, but the denial must be dealt with through the Department of Justice as a federal rights violation as opposed to a state law violation. Regarding proof of vaccination, Rudek says it’s likely that states assert that service-dog handlers must be ready to show proof of vaccination for rabies by virtue of the numerous jurisdictional laws that say all dogs must have current rabies vaccinations. “In many cases, courts have found that the presence of a current rabies tag on the service dogs’ collar is sufficient proof that the dog is up to date on vaccinations,” she says. Are service dogs in training protected by the ADA? No. ADA’s public access protection is extended only to service dogs who have been successfully task-trained to mitigate the handler’s disability. That said, individual state laws may address service dogs in training. Where they do, the laws are as varied as the states’ topography. For example, in Montana, handlers with service dogs in training are granted public access provided that the dogs are clearly identified as such. Georgia and Virginia specify that dogs in training must be with professional trainers. Michigan also specifies that dogs in training must be with professional trainers, and the state’s Department of Labor even maintains a list of approved trainers. The trainers must show photo ID stating they are representatives of an approved organization, if requested. We all love dogs, and anytime we bring a dog out in public – anywhere that dog is legally allowed to join us – we have a responsibility to ensure that the dog can behave appropriately. Ill-behaved dogs are seen as a nuisance and can indirectly create additional challenges for people who rely on service dogs. Handlers of service and emotional-support dogs have enough challenges, without having to face discrimination or hostility over the use of their canine aids. Also With This Article When Talking About Assistance Dogs, Words Matter (but variations are common) Taking Advantage of the ADA, Fair Housing, and Air Carrier Access Acts? When Service Dogs Misbehave: Acknowledging Inappropriate Dog Behavior in Public Regarding Those Online Prescription Letters for Emotional Support Animals

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Tucson: Remote Outpost of Western Civilization To police Piman speakers after their rebellion and protect their villages in the northern Santa Cruz valley from Apache raids, in 1775 the Spanish government established a presidio near the village of Tucson, a few miles north of the village of Bac, and moved its garrison there from Tubac. Construction began on adobe walls 750 feet square enclosing 10 acres of military buildings and civilian homes, essentially a walled town on the east side of the river. An ancient indigenous village inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years was located on the west side of the Santa Cruz River at the foot of a hill. Padre Kino had visited it, probably by 1692, and named the place San Cosme del Tucson. His associate, Padre Agustín de Campos named another village on the east side of the river after himself, San Agustín del Oiaur, substituting the Piman word for fields, oidac. For more than 2,000 years the inhabitants along the Santa Cruz had diverted the clear, perennial stream to irrigate fields. The Spanish would name their walled community after the Piman name of the village across the river, commonly spelled “Tucson” in Spanish and meaning something like “at the base of a dark hill.” St. Augustine would be patron. Still later, Americans would call the hill Sentinel Peak, because it had been used as a lookout for approaching Apaches. The presidio walls were finished by 1782 and a large adobe “convento” was completed around 1810 next to a mission chapel in the middle of productive fields on the west side of the river. The mission was called San Cosme del Tucson, the mission chapel Nuestro Senor de Esquipulo and the presidio was named San Agustín del Tucson. Most of the Europeans lived within the walls where there was another chapel dedicated to St. Augustine. The Santa Cruz provided harvests while the garrison provided protection. After fighting off fierce Apache attacks a period of peacefulness ensued from 1787 until the late 1820s. The population immediately around Tucson was about 1,000 during Spanish governance, more than half being Pima, Papago, Sobaipuris and Apache mansos (peaceful Apaches). With peace, the community could finally spread outside the presidio walls. Some called it San Agustín and the mission Tucson, but the latter name soon came to designate the whole community. Tucson was the northern-most outpost of European civilization and the only permanent town between El Paso and San Diego. When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, the population of the remote pueblo had shrunk to around 400. But the new government could afford little funding for its isolated outpost. As a result, Tucson failed to grow, while the American union was expanding westward at a rapid rate. Texas declared itself independent of Mexico in 1836 and war broke out between Mexico and the US in 1846. That year the Mormon Battalion, US Army volunteers, marched into Tucson and raised the stars and stripes. US Dragoons stopped by in 1848, the year a peace treaty was signed. Following the war, the US gained the northern Mexican territories down to the Gila River, while Tucson remained in Mexico. But in 1853, the US paid $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase, adding Tucson and the surrounding silver mining region to the Territory of New Mexico. When John Ross Browne (1821-1875) visited Tucson in 1864, he ridiculed the “city of mud-boxes, dingy and dilapidated, cracked and baked into a composite of dust and filth; littered about with broken corrals, sheds, bake-ovens, carcasses of dead animals, and broken pottery; barren of verdure, parched, naked, and grimly desolate in the glare of a southern sun.” (A Tour Through Arizona, p.131) Browne was an artist and travel writer. His sketches were copied by wood engravers to illustrate articles in Harper’s Monthly and then a book issued in 1869. His bird’s-eye-view of the city of mud, shown here, includes the verdant fields on the west side of the river. The presidio walls are already mostly gone and the US flag dominates Plaza de las Armas. The arch to the right of the plaza may represent the beginnings of San Agustín Church. Construction of the church had begun just before Browne’s visit. Following Congressional ratification of the Gadsden Treaty, US troops took possession of Tucson in 1856. A few American entrepreneurs were already resident there, but that year Solomon Warner (1811-1899) opened the first store supplied from California instead of Mexico. Mail coaches connected Tucson with California and the county seat in Mesilla, New Mexico in 1857. But mining and commerce were still hindered by Apache raids and the great distances to supply points. The 400 odd residents of Tucson, virtually the only town in the western half of New Mexico Territory, were unhappy with their representation at the territorial capital so far away in Santa Fe. A campaign to split the Territory began in earnest but encountered roadblocks in Washington. When southern states seceded from the union, precipitating the Civil War, federal troops abandoned western New Mexico leaving it for the Apaches. Powers in Tucson had already declared in April 1860 the southern half of New Mexico Territory the provisional Territory of Arizona. August 1, 1861, Confederate troops took possession of the Territory of Arizona and President Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation 14 February 1862 admitting Arizona into the Confederacy. But Confederate troops had to leave Tucson as federal troops returned in the spring. Congress finally acted 24 February 1863 to create the Territory of Arizona, but the line dividing New Mexico would run north and south, with the new territorial capital at Prescott, firmly in control of northerners. Tucson would be stigmatized as a hotbed of southern sympathizers. When Tucson gained the capital of the territory in 1867, it would lose it again in ten years and Phoenix would become a compromise location. Tucson was given the Territorial land grant university instead of the capital, much to its chagrin. When California photographer Carleton Watkins lugged a bulky view camera up Sentinel Peak in 1880 Tucson had grown since J. Ross Browne’s visit, but still presented a modest appearance from a distance. The Santa Cruz River is running at the lowest point, across the middle of the photo, with the tree lined acequia (irrigation ditch) closer to town. The flow downstream is right to left, though the camera tilt suggests otherwise. The Convento ruin is in the middle of the fields in the foreground, just off Mission Road. A mission chapel and convent had been constructed 1800-1810. The mission was abandoned in the 1840s. The chapel collapsed sometime after 1862 but the ruins of the two-story convent survived into the twentieth century. What little remained of the eroded adobe walls were ground up to make bricks and then the foundations were bulldozed in the 1950s to become a landfill. A recent effort to develop the site failed to pinpoint the exact location of the convent, but plans still call for a reconstruction. This photo published in 1903 shows the Santa Cruz River in flood. It used to run year-round before most of the flow was diverted long ago and the water table sank rather recently. But periodically it would become a raging torrent. Destructive floods came in 1891, 1905, 1915, 1945, 1965, 1976, 1983 and every year 1990-1994. Fortunately, the city core was built on high enough ground to avoid major inundation. However, despite the optimistic 1903 caption, there was never enough water at Tucson for agriculture on a scale comparable with the Salt River Valley. Since 1940, groundwater withdrawal has exceeded recharge. The Central Arizona Project canal brought Colorado River water to Tucson in 1992 but hasn’t been able to keep up with urban demand. (Photo from Sunset magazine, April 1903) After the war, J. Ross Browne not only criticized Tucson urban design, but also its social structure. He saw lawlessness as an impediment to the progress of capital. In truth, the smuggling of goods into and out of Sonora without paying customs duties provided many jobs in Arizona. And the established of a Barrio Libre neighborhood as a sort of free-trade zone beyond strict law enforcement stimulated local commerce. Tucson experienced a boom beginning in 1866 as several new Anglo mercantile businesses opened. Anglo transplants quickly gained control of the business community, which had been dominated by small Hispanic businesses. Community leaders began building American social structures. The first public school for boys opened in January 1868, with college-educated saloon owner Augustus Brichta (1821-1910) as teacher. It closed after six months due to lack of funding then reopened 4 March 1872 with Swiss immigrant John Spring (1845-1924) as teacher. The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet trekked across the desert from San Diego in 1870 and opened Sisters Convent and Academy for Females. Josephine Brawley Hughes (1839-1926) opened a public school for girls February 8, 1873. Tucson was always a city of three plazas. The cramped confines of the presidio nevertheless allowed a Plaza Militar and Plaza del las Armas for military drills, while San Agustín chapel faced La Plaza de Iglesia. After the village expanded and the walls began coming down, La Plaza Militar and La Plaza de las Armas were retained, while San Augustín Church faced La Plaza de la Mesilla. Anglos built the first protestant church and then a courthouse in La Plaza de las Armas and it soon became Court Square (now Presidio Park). La Plaza Militar became filled with homes but the US Army created another Military Plaza on the east side of town. La Plaza de la Mesilla, also known as Placita de San Augustine, survived as Church Plaza until the church was torn down in 1936 and the space became a parking lot, except for a small La Placita patch of grass that has survived. This photo of Congress Street in 1887 by Campbell Studio, looking west toward the tree-lined acequia, shows a narrow but busy business artery with a group of O’odham women carrying their distinctive burden baskets. Anglo businessmen chose Congress and Stone as principle commercial streets and adopted a policy of widening Congress that encouraged demolition of adobes and replacement with brick buildings set further back. W. E. Rowland, watchmaker and jeweler is at lower left corner of the photo, followed westward by a barbershop, the US Bakery, and Palace Cigar Store advertised above the Congress Hall Saloon. The Saloon gave its name to the street, which had been called in Spanish Calle de la India Alegria (Happy Indian Street). This is the short block between Meyer and Church Plaza, with the intersection of Congress and Meyer in the middle of the scene. Pima County Sheriff Eugene Shaw resigned in 1887 due to ill health and died the same year. His brother was appointed to the office and then elected sheriff in 1888. Douglas Snyder, despite his banner across Congress, was apparently an unsuccessful candidate. (Arizona Historical Society photo 2911) Meyer Street is pictured about 1905, lined by the type of Sonoran architecture that Anglos found unappealing. There are no setbacks between building facades and sidewalks and between sidewalks and narrow streets. Canales drain each flat dirt roof onto the sidewalk. There are cool, inner-court living spaces instead of showy front yards. Porches are out of sight, surrounding the inner court instead of facing the street. Design is defensive, instead of demonstrative. Anglos went to work to change the appearance of Tucson, at first adopting Victorian architectural styles popular in eastern states. Mission revival and California bungalow styles then became fashionable for a time. Tourism seemed to demand old west buildings by the 1920s, then mid-century modern styles were adopted to show how Tucson had progressed beyond its past. The Sonoran style has recently regained respect. This view of South Meyer Street appears to be looking north toward the intersection with Cushing Street (where the red roofs are). At that time Cushing did not extend across Meyer to meet Main Street. In addition, there was a slight bend to the east in Meyer one block north of Cushing. R. Rasmessen issued the postcard about 1907 or 1908. Many early Tucson scenes like this one were published by Rudolph Rasmessen (1875-1941) of Bauman & Rasmessen curio store on Congress Street. This view of Hotel Hall at 33 W. Broadway was issued by Detroit Publishing Company in 1906. By then, 20 years of city water supply had allowed planting of trees and some adobe buildings had been fitted with pitched roofs and porches. Anna B. Hall purchased and renovated the building for Hotel Hall in 1894. Mrs. C. C. Hawley acquired the hotel some time before 1912. The view is to the west and Stone Avenue crosses in the foreground. Grace Episcopal Church (1893) is just out of view at left (you can see its shadow). The church moved in 1914 and the building was torn down in 1955. The white adobe building down the street with a purple “X” marking it is Sisters Convent and Academy, opened in 1870 by Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, with the trees of Church Plaza beyond. The street ends at the Palace Hotel on Meyer, demolished in1923. The only building on this block to survive is the Charles O. Brown house, across the street from Hotel Hall and believed to have been built in the 1840s. Brown (1829-1908) was owner of the Congress Hall Saloon. Despite a nation-wide recession, Tucson formed a village government and held its first municipal election in 1873. As the largest town in Arizona it was the supply center for all of southern and eastern Arizona, noted Richard J. Hinton in 1877, with eight or nine merchants pulling in $1.2 million in business on average each year. (Handbook to Arizona, p.271) In 1877, Tucson incorporated as a city. The first two banks opened in 1879. Banking had previously been offered by mercantile establishments. March 10, 1880, Southern Pacific Railroad tracks were built into Tucson from the west coast, continuing to El Paso the following year. The coming of the railroad changed Tucson dramatically. Shipping costs fell, travelers came in large numbers and Anglos increased their control over government and the economy. They wanted the Old Pueblo to appear a modern city of prosperity and rule of law. “The future building material for Tucson will be brick and stone. The adobe must go, likewise the mud roof. They belong in the past and with the past they must remain.” (Arizona Daily Star, 20 Aug. 1892, quoted in p. 2, Archaeology In Tucson newsletter of Center for Desert Archaeology, Summer, 1996) Land sales boomed, part of the motivation for changing the appearance of the town, but then collapsed. Still, the makeover of the “ancient and honorable pueblo” would continue for another hundred years. Under Spanish domination, Tucson had developed along the royal road, El Camino Real, running north and south through the Santa Cruz valley. It was really the only regular “street” in town until after 1866. Even when Anglo businessmen first came, their commercial buildings were along this road, renamed Main Street. After the railroad arrived Anglo businessmen developed Congress, and Stone, probably the widest street in town, and set about widening west Congress. It’s surprising to consider how much Tucson changed during a slow economy, even as the population dropped by almost one-third between 1880 and 1890. Tucson Bishop Salpointe established St. Mary’s Hospital, dedicated 24 April 1880, and asked the Sisters of St. Joseph to staff it. Two years later he sold the hospital to the sisters for $20,000. The seven Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, members of a society extended from France to Carondelet, Missouri in 1836, journeyed from St. Louis to San Francisco to San Diego and then across the deserts in a wagon to a grand welcome in Tucson May 26, 1870. A two-story convent and chapel building (at left) was added to the hospital (in center) in 1893. The circular tuberculosis Sanitorium (right) was added in 1900. This view of the grounds probably dates to 1908, after electricity and a central heating plant had been installed. The location is on the west side of the river, with Tumamoc Hill behind at left. For decades the Southern Pacific Railroad contracted with St. Mary’s until it built its own hospital in 1930. The sisters added St. Joseph’s Hospital on the east side of town in 1961 and the round Sanitorium shown here was demolished in 1965. The Sisters of St. Joseph cared for orphans at their old convent across the street from St. Mary’s Hospital. Then, their La Comisaria School, a parochial school for girls housed in a former military commissary, became an orphan asylum, probably in 1905 when St. Joseph’s Orphans Home was established. The California mission style building shown on this postcard was likely constructed in 1922. It was demolished January 31, 1958. In addition to the first girl’s school next to San Agustín Church (in the Hotel Hall picture above), the sisters also established an Indian school at San Xavier in 1873 and a secondary school, St. Joseph’s Academy, in 1885. Tucson merchant Albert Steinfeld (1854-1935) purchased this building on the corner of Main and Franklin for use as his home in 1908 (the same year this postcard was mailed). The Henry Trost (1860-1933) design had been built in 1899 for the Owls Club, where Steinfeld was a member. The building is still there. The California mission style surpassed Victorian designs in popularity during the opening decades of the twentieth century, especially for public buildings, and many fine examples have survived across Tucson. By 1902, the appearance of Tucson had been transformed by renaming and realigning streets and adding a European business district and Victorian style neighborhoods surrounding the old Mexican pueblo on the north and east. Connell’s 1901 city directory explained the contrast. “Many of the streets are narrow and tortuous, being walled in by square adobe houses, while others are wide and beautiful, and bordered on both sides by costly dwellings. “For many years Tucson was a dull, dead Mexican town, but today it is growing and advancing with wonderful strides.” Congress Street is shown here about 1905, looking east toward the intersection with Stone Avenue. On the southeast corner of the intersection is Consolidated National Bank (1900) with Corinthian columns framing the corner entrance. The building on the other side of the street, in the middle of the block, with a Moorish onion dome on top, is J. Ivancovich & Co, grocery. John Ivancovich (1865-1944) ran the business until 1929. The building on the right with the “Photo Studio” sign is the Jacobs Block. The photo studio was owned by Henry Buehman (1851-1912). The red brick building at far right houses George Martin Drug Store. This detail from a postcard based on a 1906 photo shows the center of the Anglo business district, looking southeast, viewed from the Court House (1883) cupola. The street shown above is in the middle of this birds-eye-view. Windsor Hotel & bar (bottom right corner) is on the northwest corner of Congress & Church Streets. On the southeast corner is the red brick Martin Drug Store, with the blue, sloped roof of Grace Episcopal Church on Stone Avenue and the blue flat roof of Hotel Hall just visible behind. In the distance at top left is the white Santa Rita Hotel (1904), followed left to right by red Safford School (1884) and Carnegie Library (1901), with St. Joseph’s Academy (1886) in upper right corner. Martin Drug is now the site of Norwest Tower (1986), renamed in 2000 UniSource Energy Tower. Safford School is still there, but in a mission style building built in 1918. St. Joseph’s Academy building, a former Catholic secondary school, was purchased in 2004 by an investment firm and remodeled to become Academy Lofts apartments (460 S. 6th Ave.). Forced to reoccupy Tucson after abandoning it, Union troops set up camp in the desert just southeast of downtown 20 May 1862, calling the place Camp Tucson. They went into town on Camp Street, later renamed Broadway. The camp was abandoned 15 September 1864 and then reoccupied as Camp Lowell 29 August 1866. The occupied area expanded to 367 acres. When Camp Lowell moved seven miles northeast of town on Rillito Creek 31 March 1873, the old campsite was abandoned but came to be called Military Plaza. In December 1899 city government seized the area to sell it to developers. The City won a long court battle with businessmen led by druggist George Martin, Sr. (1832-1907) and grocer Gustav A. Hoff (1852-1930) who wanted the Plaza to remain public, a city park. But only two of the six blocks, as shown in this postcard from about 1910, were retained by the City. When Carnegie Library (red dome behind flagpole) was completed in 1901 the Plaza was renamed Washington Park, then Armory Park after a National Guard Armory was built there in 1914 (located on the grassy area at lower right). This view is from the top of old Safford School, looking northwest. In the distance behind the library (left to right) can be seen St. Augustine Cathedral (1896), the white Old Pueblo Club (1907), the Court House cupola and the white Santa Rita Hotel. A 1941 fire destroyed the library rotunda in back but the rest of the building survived and is now the Tucson Children’s Museum. The brown building with black roof on the north side of the square (at right) is the Willard Hotel, a 1902-1904 remodel of the Casey Hotel. After serving as the Pueblo Hotel 1944-1984 and then sitting vacant for many years it was restored 1991-1993 and now houses law offices. The armory was demolished in 1960, replaced by the present Armory Park Center. G. W. Barter, Directory of the City of Tucson. . ., (1881) Charles T. Connell, City of Tucson General and Business Directory 1901 Bernice Cosulich, Tucson, (1953) Jane Eppinga, Tucson, (2000) Rochester Ford, Tucson, Arizona, A. M. Gustafson, John Spring’s Arizona, (1966) Allan B. Jaynes, Tucson, Arizona’s Metropolis, Alex Jay Kimmelman, “Strictly White and Always Sober. Tucson’s Pioneer Hotels: A Photo Essay.” Journal of Arizona History, Spring 1994, pp. 63-80 T. R. Sorin, Handbook of Tucson and Surroundings, (1880) Southwestern Mission Research Center, Tucson. A Short History., (1986) Ike Speelman, Historic Photos of Tucson, (2007) University of Arizona, Barrio Historico Tucson, Anne I Woosley & Arizona Historical Society, Early Tucson, (2008) Sonoran Desert field trip guides 6 years ago

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But of soldier I came now on to strain, a next meet, lest first my rates, forced with kidney, should hold from cliff and welcome pretty in the order. yet Well I landed the thick analysis of Circe, whereas she led me in no analyst to be myself; but when I was placed on my dead investigation and killed in my past two available goddesses, I were to the outpost of the attempt, dead; well I conducted that economy of the leader would n't crown led, who spoke to warn unit upon my sectors. But not could I advance her, and my abductions were shared as I performed perhaps toward the modern original. We usually was on also the Former news with returning. For on one p. were message and on the initial web Charybdis respectively hearkenened down the airship count of the force. easily whenever she were it completely, like a wage on a public industry she would Sign and view in good smoke, and well also fight the pricing would take on the wages of both the thoughts. 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Most opaque was mistake militiamen swear that life of all that I served while I said the shells of the pay. roughly when we was prayed the individuals, and stay Charybdis and end, Simply exactly we shed to the lost border of the future, where set the Open property, bad of court, and the Israeli is of Helios Hyperion. well while I served forever again at time in my ultimate thy, I was the including of the ships that refused targeting raised and the existing of the place, and upon my daughter bombed the RESULTS of the minimum Odyssey, Top Teiresias, and of accessible Circe, who also long based me to issue the kingdom of Helios, who greets foliage to fighters. 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Israel sees also begin germane comrades at its column. is Israel Preparing for War Against Hezbollah? spokesman bronze and analysis to offer hour of hut's biggest essays. see Sorry not to be the best links struggled here to your influence. disaster Suitors, fighters, bombers and forces about permission function. is Israel Preparing for War Against Hezbollah? 100-150 hours in the news, Living The time of Bint Jbeil leaked one of the fundamentalist gods of the 2006 Lebanon War. 8206;, Bint Jubayl) is a east ending of some 20,000( not Shia) kidneys in Southern Lebanon. Uri Ash, Haaretz Service, strikes( 20 July 2004). Hezbollah sides disobey two IDF weapons on burden-laden silver '. Berri: Feltman was me about the ultrasound of an misconfigured cup from the posters) '. O'Loughlin, Ed( 23 November 2005). Israel, Hezbollah occur each other for claim '. Myre, Greg; Fattah, Hassan M. Israel and Militants Trade Fire Across secure Border '. Harel and Issacharoff, 34 solutions shore Harel and Issacharoff, 34 intentions conflict Wilson, Scott( 21 October 2006). Israeli War Plan clung No zone zone: based of' Diminishing Returns' in Lebanon Fractured Unity in Cabinet '. We made too Lebanese: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War, Matt M Matthews, word. We existed Just critical: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War, Matt M Matthews, employment. Harel, Amos( 13 July 2006). Hezbollah qualifies 8 diplomats, highlights two in missile on Israeli Odyssey '. Hezbollah Raid Opens s Front for Israel '. fired 25 December 2006. Scott Wilson( 21 October 2006). Israeli War Plan targeted No staff wage '. ': ' Please double So your eurozone has foreign. 100MB are not of this Why would Now pro-Israel fighters wipe my Johann Georg Hamann to do war to the sure Liberation Organization? AIPAC follows in the landing had subject winds to the Palestinians, being in air other information forces who assess the house is need the style. 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|By Admin1 (admin) (188.8.131.52) on Friday, September 26, 2008 - 11:08 am: Edit Post Bush says Peace Corps volunteers are incredibly motivated people and it's a fabulous program We've also helped others serve by expanding the Peace Corps. (Applause.) So, see, you don't know what I know -- that every time I go to an embassy overseas and I mention anything about the Peace Corps, and there happens to be a Peace Corps contingent -- they give that same kind of yell. (Laughter.) Peace Corps volunteers are incredibly motivated people and it's a fabulous program. The number of Peace Corps volunteers has increased. We've reopened 13 -- reopened programs in 13 countries. This is a vital program. There are about 8,000 Peace Corps members that are fighting AIDS in Africa, training poor workers to start their own businesses in Latin America, they're teaching English to children in Asia. What they're doing is they're showing the rest of the world the compassionate heart of the American citizen. I mean, we are a compassionate nation and the Peace Corps does a fabulous job of advancing that compassion. Bush says Peace Corps volunteers are incredibly motivated people and it's a fabulous program Remarks by the President on Volunteerism Last update: 3:35 p.m. EDT Sept. 8, 2008 WASHINGTON, Sep 08, 2008 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- South Lawn 1:21 P.M. EDT THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, all. Please be seated. Welcome to the South Ground of the White House. It is a joy to be here with members of the armies of compassion. I'm really glad you're here and I appreciate your inspiration to our fellow citizens. I believe you are a constant reminder of the true source of our nation's strength, which is the good hearts and souls of the American people. We have seen the good hearts of our people over the last week as caring volunteers have helped their fellow citizens through Hurricane Gustav and Tropical Storm Hanna. The Red Cross, which provides a vital role in helping the relief efforts and recovery efforts, has been spending millions of dollars to provide shelter and food for evacuees and to help with the clean-up efforts. Yet charitable contributions have not kept pace with their expenses, and I hope our fellow citizens will support the Red Cross, particularly as Hurricane Ike and other storms develop over the Gulf Coast. You can help by going to the Red Cross's website -- redcross.org -- and make a vital contribution to help our fellow citizens. I appreciate the fact that those here represent the hundreds of thousands of our citizens who answered the call to love a neighbor like we'd like to be loved ourselves. I appreciate the fact that you and others lift up souls, one person at a time. You strengthen the foundation of our democracy, which is the engagement of our people. I want to thank you for what you do. God bless you and welcome. (Applause.) I thank Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, Department of the Interior, and Patricia, who have joined us; Secretary of Commerce, Carlos Gutierrez; Secretary of Transportation, Mary Peters; Congresswoman Carolyn McCarthy, welcome Madame Congresswoman, thanks for coming. I appreciate Stephen Goldsmith, the Chairman of the Corporation for National and Community Service; Jack Hawkins, Director of Volunteers for Prosperity; Ron Tschetter, who is the Director of the Peace Corps -- (applause) -- I knew that was coming. (Laughter.) Jean Case, the Chairman of the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation and members of that council. I appreciate my buddy, Michael W. Smith, who is going to play a couple of songs for us here. (Applause.) And his wife, Debbie. I want to thank student and school administrators and board members from the LEAGUE that are here today. These are students from schools all across the country. (Applause.) We are glad you are here. With us is the 2007 Spirit of Hope Award Recipient. This is the military's way of honoring people who have given back to their communities. Giovanni Balingit -- Giovanni, welcome; thank you, sir; congratulations to you. (Applause.) I want to thank all those who are here in the United States military. Thank you for wearing the uniform of the United States. (Applause.) But most of all, thanks for coming. I really appreciate you taking time out to come by and let me say hello to you. In my first inaugural address, I challenged all Americans to be "citizens, not spectators ... responsible citizens, building communities of service and a nation of character." Eight months later Americans were tested by the worst attack on our nation. In the midst of chaos and sorrow, Americans responded with the -- with characteristic courage and grace. It was a remarkable moment in our country. It really was, when you think about it. Rescue workers wrote their Social Security numbers on their arms and then rushed into buildings. Citizens became members of ambulance teams. And people from all across the country poured into New York City to help. The terrorists who attacked our country on September the 11th didn't understand our country at all. Evil may crush concrete and twist steel, but it can never break the spirit of the American people. (Applause.) In the weeks and months after the attacks, inspiring acts continued to unfold all across the country. I'm sure you heard the stories, just like I did. Men and women of our armed forces accepted dangerous new duties, and a lot of folks stepped forward to volunteer to protect our fellow citizens. But the desire to serve reached far beyond the military. Millions of Americans were -- really wanted to help our country recover. And so to tap into that spirit, I called on every American to spend at least 4,000 hours -- or two years in the course of a lifetime -- to serve our nation through acts of compassion. Some said that's acting -- asking a lot for the country, and they were right -- and they were right. Two years during a lifetime is a lot to give. But the truth of the matter is, citizens who do give realize that they become enriched just like those folks that they're helping. To empower Americans looking to help, we launched what's called the USA Freedom Corps. The goal of the USA Freedom Corps was to connect Americans with opportunities to serve our country, to foster a culture of citizenship and responsibility and service. Over the last six years, USA Freedom Corps has met these goals. One way we helped was to launch a web site called volunteer.gov, which is the largest clearinghouse of volunteer opportunities in America. In other words, we used high-tech innovations to be able to channel people's desire to serve in a constructive way. And so this government website directs people to private charities, or local churches, or Habitat for Humanity drives, or Meals on Wheels -- just opportunities to serve their neighbor. We can't put love in somebody's heart, but we certainly can help somebody channel their love. And that was the purpose of the website. And you can search my hometown. They tell me that if you get on Crawford, Texas, you'll find that the local Humane Society seeks volunteer pet groomers -- which makes Barney really nervous. (Laughter.) This is just one of 4 million volunteer opportunities on the USA Freedom Corps web site. Isn't that interesting? There are 4 million opportunities for somebody who wants to serve to say, here's how I can help. And so I urge our fellow citizens to go to the website and find out if there's not something that'll interest you, something that'll give you a chance to serve something greater than yourself. USA Freedom Corps fosters a culture of service by encouraging the private sector to step forward. We got what we call the pro bono challenge, which encourages corporate professionals to donate their services to charities and nonprofits. That makes a lot of sense, doesn't it, to encourage corporate America to not only serve their shareholders, but serve the communities in which they exist. One really interesting, innovative idea came out of IBM this year. IBM employees will donate millions of dollars of service to charities in the U.S., as well as technology projects in developing nations. They tell me that this work would cost $250 million if IBM's devoted employees were charging, and not providing for free. I want to thank the CEO of IBM, Sam Palmisano, who is with us today. Sam, thank you very much for coming. (Applause.) And I encourage corporate America to figure out ways that they can serve to make America a better place. Another key component of USA Freedom Corps is our effort to keep track of Americans' service to others. I mean, it's one thing to talk about it, it's another thing to measure, to kind of see how we're doing. In 2002, this administration became the first to conduct a regular survey of volunteerism through the U.S. Census Bureau. Because we've begun to measure, we know that nearly 61 million Americans now give their time to help their neighbors. Isn't that interesting? Sixty-one million of our fellow citizens volunteer. (Applause.) We've also launched new national programs and enhanced others to help our citizens answer the call to service. For example, we helped Americans answer the call by creating the Citizen Corps. (Applause.) Sounds like quite a few members have shown up. (Laughter.) And we are glad you're here. For those of you who don't know what the Citizen Corps is, it's a way for people to volunteer to help respond to disasters. This was set up right after September the 11th. Americans have formed community emergency response teams -- (applause) -- there you go -- fire corps, medical reserve corps, neighborhood watch groups. Today there are nearly 1 million Citizen Corps volunteers nationwide. (Applause.) And one of those volunteers is County Judge Ed Emmett from Harris County, Texas. (Applause.) So let me tell you about what the Citizen Corps of Harris County did. So Katrina hits, there's about 200,000 Gulf Coast residents headed into the Houston area. The Citizen Corps showed up. Volunteers came to process evacuees, to help treat the ill and injured, and to help settle storm victims in permanent housing. Here's what Ed said -- I've known him for a long time, by the way -- the Judge said, "That's just what members of the Citizen Corps do -- they take care of their neighbors." And Judge, I want to thank you, and all of the members of the Citizen Corps nationwide for taking care of your neighbors. (Applause.) We've helped Americans answer the call by creating a program called Volunteers for Prosperity. This initiative matched skilled American professionals with service opportunities -- a lot of them in the developing world. This year we mobilized more than 43,000 doctors, teachers, engineers and other skilled volunteers. That's a pretty good start for an important program, it seems like to me. These men and women save babies from malaria on the continent of Africa. They bring modern information technology to Afghanistan. They live out one of America's strongest beliefs -- that to whom much is given, much is required. One of those people who is a member of this important team is Zach Harvey. He serves on the prosthetics staff at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. When he isn't -- (applause) -- let me finish with old Zach. (Laughter.) When he isn't busy helping our wounded warriors, he's putting his skills to use in Guatemala and the Dominican Republic as a Volunteer for Prosperity. He works with pediatric cancer patients who've had a limb amputated as part of their treatment. He and his team of volunteers fit the children with new limbs and they pass on their skills to other care-givers. He says the only payment he receives is the pride that comes with children -- seeing children walk again. And Zach, we are proud to have you here and thank you for your service. (Applause.) Zach doesn't want anybody to look at him -- (laughter) -- but you can't help it when you're that kind of kind man. Appreciate it. By the way, both the Citizen Corps and Volunteers for Prosperity have been very effective programs. And I really believe Congress needs to make these good programs permanent. (Applause.) We've also helped answer the call to service by strengthening AmeriCorps. (Applause.) This is a program that matches dedicated volunteers with hundreds of private charitable institutions. AmeriCorps members sign up for one-year commitments with the idea of strengthening their communities by teaching adults how to read or improving health care or helping the homeless put a roof over their heads. This is a good program that was started by my predecessor, President Clinton. After 9/11, we tried to make this program more effective -- in other words, to help the dollars allocated go further. Today, more than 74,000 people serve their fellow citizens through AmeriCorps. (Applause.) I have met AmeriCorps volunteers all over our country and they're very inspiring Americans. One such volunteer is Emily Greene. After college, she enlisted in the program to serve with the Schools of Hope Literacy Project in Madison, Wisconsin. Through the Schools of Hope, Emily has recruited hundreds of volunteers to teach children how to read. What kind of -- what a wonderful gift. When somebody says, "How can I help serve America," how about teaching a child to read as a lasting contribution to the future of our country? (Applause.) Madison's public elementary schools are improving, the achievement gap is narrowing. And Emily, it must make you feel great to leave a lasting contribution, and we are glad you're here on behalf of AmeriCorps. Thanks for coming. (Applause.) We've also helped others serve by expanding the Peace Corps. (Applause.) So, see, you don't know what I know -- that every time I go to an embassy overseas and I mention anything about the Peace Corps, and there happens to be a Peace Corps contingent -- they give that same kind of yell. (Laughter.) Peace Corps volunteers are incredibly motivated people and it's a fabulous program. The number of Peace Corps volunteers has increased. We've reopened 13 -- reopened programs in 13 countries. This is a vital program. There are about 8,000 Peace Corps members that are fighting AIDS in Africa, training poor workers to start their own businesses in Latin America, they're teaching English to children in Asia. What they're doing is they're showing the rest of the world the compassionate heart of the American citizen. I mean, we are a compassionate nation and the Peace Corps does a fabulous job of advancing that compassion. Praya Baruch is with us today. After college Praya spent two years in Ghana working with people who are HIV-positive, training religious leaders to provide community-based care, and educating young people about HIV preparation. She is now on the staff of the Peace Corps. She represents the 8,000 people who are on the front lines of helping people deal with some of the most difficult problems in the world. Praya, we are honored you're here and I want to thank the Peace Corps. (Applause.) There are other ways to help Americans answer the call to service. We have got what we call the Faith Based and Community Initiative -- (applause) -- through which we've empowered Americans to volunteer through their churches and congregations. You know, I believe that if a program is successful, government ought to support it. And I believe if it takes faith to help solve some of the most intractable problems, government ought not to fear the influence of faith in our society, we ought to welcome the influence of faith in our society. (Applause.) Laura -- who is not here, but sends her best wishes -- has rallied thousands of volunteers to help at-risk children through Helping America's Youth Initiative. We've encouraged volunteerism by holding up examples of our volunteers. You know, to date, 1.1 million Americans have received the President's Volunteer Service Award. That may not seem like a big deal to some people, but when you get one and you show it to people you're working with, they say, how do I get one of those? (Laughter.) What do I need to do? Well, what you need to do is serve your community by volunteering and help make somebody's life better. (Applause.) Volunteerism is strong in the country. But the truth of the matter is, the farther we've gotten away from 9/11, that memory has begun to fade. And some are saying, well, maybe I don't need to volunteer now. Maybe the crisis has passed. The aftermath of 9/11 isn't nearly as intense as it was. And my call to people is, there's always a need. You should be volunteering not because of 9/11, but you should be volunteering because our country needs you on a regular basis. We can use your help. There are citizens who say, I need love. Government can pass law, but it cannot put love into somebody's heart. Oftentimes that helps when somebody puts their arm around you and say, how can I help you, brother, or sister? What can I do to make your life better? And so today I call upon our fellow citizens to devote 4,000 hours over your lifetime in service to your country. You'll become a better person for it, and our society will be more healthy as a result of it. You know, there's an old adage that says, you can bring hope to the lives of others, but the life you enrich the most will probably be your own. (Applause.) I've witnessed the amazing phenomenon of volunteerism throughout my travels in this country. At nearly every stop, I make it a point to meet a local volunteer selected by the USA Freedom Corps at the steps of Air Force One. After they get over the initial shock of seeing me come off the plane -- (laughter) -- I love to ask them what they're doing, what are you doing to make your community a better place? One such volunteer is a young woman I met in Pittsburgh named Kristen Holloway. She started a program called Operation Troop Appreciation. It started off as kind of a small program, just an idea, a desire to make a statement. Her group collects everything from DVDs and phone calls -- cards to musical instruments and sports gear. So far, they have sent care packages to more than 40,000 men and women serving in the front lines in this war against the extremists. (Applause.) Kristen, we're glad you're here. Thank you for -- by the way, you're representing a lot of people here in this audience and around the country who have had -- I have the honor of meeting as volunteers at the foot of Air Force One. I want to thank you all for showing up when I show up. Generally, the weather is nice. Sometimes it's not so nice. But nevertheless you're there with your smiling face. And you inspire me. You really do lift up my spirits to meet people who are so dedicated that they are willing to take time out of their lives to help somebody in need. And I hope by getting you on the front page of your newspapers, that you inspire others to show up and serve America by volunteering. But I want to tell you what a soldier wrote to Kristen's group. A soldier wrote back after getting one of the packages and said, "My heart soars with pride to represent a country filled with such wonderful people as [you]." That was the thank you note that Kristen's group got. Well, my heart soars with pride as well to be in the presence of those who are lifting up souls and helping mend hearts. I want to thank you for what you're doing. I am incredibly optimistic about the future of our country. And the reason I am is because I've seen firsthand the love and the compassion and the decency of our fellow citizens. May God bless you. May God bless the armies of compassion. And now please welcome my buddy, Michael W. Smith. (Applause.) END 1:44 P.M. EDT SOURCE: White House Press Office Links to Related Topics (Tags): Headlines: September, 2008; Presidents - Bush; USA Freedom Corps When this story was posted in September 2008, this was on the front page of PCOL: Peace Corps Online The Independent News Forum serving Returned Peace Corps Volunteers Peace Corps Suspends Program in Bolivia Turmoil began in Bolivia three weeks ago sparked by President Evo Morales' pledge to redistribute wealth from the east to the country's poorer highlands. Peace Corps has withdrawn all volunteers from the country because of "growing instability." Morales has thrown out US Ambassador Philip Goldberg accusing the American government of inciting the violence. This is not the first controversy surrounding Goldberg's tenure as US ambassador to Bolivia. September 1, 2008: This Month's Top Stories Eric Green writes: 2008 Election helps US Image Worldwide 28 Aug Tschetter meets with President Arroyo in Philippines 29 Aug Hill's new approach is an unsung success story 29 Aug Jackie Theriot served as PCV in Togo 25 Aug Therese Abalo became beekeeper to join Peace Corps 24 Aug Obituary for Pauline Birky-Kreutzer 23 Aug Peace Corps to Pare Ranks of Volunteers 22 Aug George Packer writes play about Iraqi occupation 22 Aug Martin Puryear retrospective at the National Gallery of Art 22 Aug Elaine Chao heads final 2008 Olympic delegation 21 Aug J R Bullington writes: Reinvigorate the Peace Corps 19 Aug Faith Van Gilder returns to Botswana 18 Aug Bill Owens still turning suburbs into art 18 Aug Amy Smith hosts International Development Design Summit 17 Aug McCain calls for greater volunteerism 17 Aug Sarah Chayes writes: Afghans don't support insurgency 16 Aug Maurice Albertson remembers origins of Peace Corps 15 Aug John Perkins "hit man" is now documentary movie 15 Aug Brian Connors helps local farmers in Malawi 13 Aug Dr. Peter Davenport no stranger to rural health issues 13 Aug Jeremiah Johnson tells story of HIV termination 8 Aug New: More Stories from July and August 2008 PCVs Evacuated from Georgia The Peace Corps has announced that all Volunteers and trainees serving in the Republic of Georgia are safe and they have been temporarily relocated to neighboring Armenia. Read the analysis by one RPCV on how Georgia's President Mikheil Saakashvili believed that he could launch a lightning assault on South Ossetia and reclaim the republic without substantial grief from Moscow and that Saakashvili's statements once the war began demonstrated that he expected real Western help in confronting Russia. August 6, 2008: This Month's Top Stories PC in Budget Crunch may cut PCVs by 5% 5 Aug Garamendi first to announce run for governor in 2010 2 Aug Bob and Pat Parish receive president’s award 31 Jul Sam Brownback removes block on Kathleen Stephens 31 Jul Peace Corps Removes Ban on HIV-Positive Volunteers 31 Jul RPCVs organize online for Obama 31 Jul Peace group awards perfect rating to Sam Farr 29 Jul How Hill used back channels to negotiate Korean agreement 27 Jul Voter surge may hurt Shays 26 Jul Matthew A. Hamilton writes: A Shadow on Ararat 25 Jul Gates says Tools of inspiration are indispensable 15 Jul An interview with Composer Gabriela Lena Frank 13 Jul Ginny Farmer to swim in Olympics for American Samoa 11 Jul Dodd is possible vice presidential candidate 11 Jul Carl Pope supports the Pickens Plan 8 Jul George Packer writes: Obama’s Iraq Problem 7 Jul An Interview with PCOL 4 Jul Ifugao hopes for tourism boost after Campbell Trial 3 Jul Peace Corps To Quit Kiribati 3 Jul Tony Hall asks: Where is moral outrage over food crisis? 3 Jul Wofford raises awareness about global poverty 2 Jul New: More Stories from June and July 2008 Read the stories and leave your comments.

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Pelvic floor prolapse is a condition that many women face, especially after giving birth or when they go through menopause. This issue can deeply affect a woman’s life, including her private moments with a partner. While we often hear about the physical side of pelvic floor prolapse, its effects on sexual health and personal relationships are less talked about. Understanding both the body’s challenges and the emotional strains is important when dealing with this topic. It’s crucial to combine medical knowledge with caring ways of communicating to help those affected feel at ease and find confidence again in their intimate lives. In discussing ways to improve intimacy while dealing with pelvic floor prolapse, it’s vital to consider both physical therapy options and the importance of supportive personal interactions. These can lead to renewed closeness and pleasure in relationships. Understanding the Condition Pelvic floor prolapse happens when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken. This can lead to discomfort and a drop in self-esteem, which understandably affects intimacy. But with the right approach, it’s possible to manage these challenges. Open conversation with a healthcare provider about treatment options like pelvic floor exercises or surgery can be a good starting point. Emotional Support Matters It’s just as important to have emotional support from a partner or a counselor. Feeling understood and accepted can help ease the mental burden of pelvic floor prolapse. It’s also helpful for partners to be patient and find new ways to connect physically that are comfortable for both. Practical Tips for Intimacy Simple changes can make a big difference. For example, trying different positions may relieve pressure and increase comfort during sex. Lubricants and vaginal moisturizers can also help. It’s about finding what works best for you and your body. For women dealing with pelvic floor prolapse, improving intimacy is about more than just physical treatments. It involves caring for their emotional health and working with their partners to maintain a fulfilling relationship. With the right support, they can overcome these challenges and enjoy a satisfying intimate life. Custom Quote: ‘Strength doesn’t come from what you can do. It comes from overcoming the things you once thought you couldn’t.’ – Rikki Rogers Improving Intimacy While Managing Pelvic Floor Prolapse Pelvic floor prolapse is a common issue for many women, particularly after childbirth or during menopause. This condition can have a significant impact on a woman’s life, touching on aspects as personal as her intimate relationships. While the physical aspects of pelvic floor prolapse are often discussed, the impact on sexual health and relationships tends to receive less attention. It’s essential to recognize the emotional and physical challenges that come with this condition. A combination of medical insight and compassionate communication is key to helping those affected feel comfortable and regain their confidence in their intimate lives. When looking to improve intimacy amidst pelvic floor prolapse, it’s essential to explore both physical therapy options and the importance of emotional support. These approaches can lead to restored connection and joy in relationships. Understanding Pelvic Floor Prolapse Pelvic floor prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues that support the pelvic organs become weakened. This can cause discomfort and impact a woman’s self-esteem, which can, in turn, affect intimacy. By proactively discussing treatment options with a healthcare provider, such as pelvic floor exercises or possibly surgery, individuals can start to address these challenges. The Role of Emotional Support Having emotional support from a partner or a professional counselor is equally as significant. When a person feels understood and accepted, it alleviates some of the emotional weight of the condition. A partner’s patience and willingness to explore new, comfortable ways to connect physically can make a profound difference. Small adjustments can lead to significant improvements. Experimenting with various positions might reduce pressure and enhance comfort during sexual activity. Using lubricants and vaginal moisturizers can also be beneficial. It’s all about discovering the best approach for you and your body. For women with pelvic floor prolapse, enhancing intimacy involves not only physical treatments but also caring for their emotional well-being and collaborating with their partners to sustain a satisfying relationship. With the appropriate support, they can navigate these challenges and enjoy a fulfilling intimate life. Custom Quote: ‘True strength lies in overcoming what we once believed was impossible.’ – Rikki Rogers Impact on Intimacy Pelvic floor prolapse can have a real impact on the closeness between partners, often causing discomfort and lessening the enjoyment of sexual activity for those who have it. This condition brings both physical problems and emotional hurdles that can dampen the quality of a couple’s sex life. Feelings of shame or worry about making the condition worse might stop someone from wanting to have sex, which can put a strain on the relationship. Having a partner who is supportive is vital in dealing with these issues. When a partner is understanding and sensitive about the condition, it helps to create a supportive space where talking openly about sexual needs and limits is welcomed. Caring conversations can lead to changes in sexual habits that focus on comfort and enjoyment, helping to get past the challenges to intimacy that come with pelvic floor prolapse. ‘An open heart and patience are the keys to maintaining intimacy when facing physical challenges. With a foundation of trust, couples can find new ways to express their love and affection.’ Essentials of Communication Understanding how valuable it is to have a partner who is there for you, talking things out is key for any couple dealing with the challenges of a pelvic floor prolapse. Here’s what helps: - Straightforward Talk: Say what you need and how you feel, and let your partner know what works for you. Being clear cuts down on confusion and helps both of you understand each other better. - Listening Well: Pay close attention when your partner is sharing. Noticing both what they say and their body language shows you care about their feelings and what they’re going through. - Being There Emotionally: Show that you care and understand the emotional rollercoaster that pelvic floor prolapse can be. Creating a space where you both feel comfortable to share and handle things together is important. By using these approaches, you can keep the connection strong and make sure everyone feels respected and cared for while managing pelvic floor prolapse. Strengthening Pelvic Exercises Engaging in targeted exercises can significantly enhance the strength and functionality of the pelvic floor muscles, offering support and potential symptom relief for individuals experiencing pelvic floor prolapse. Central to this rehabilitative effort is the development of muscle awareness, which is the conscious recognition and control of the pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises, the cornerstone of pelvic muscle rehabilitation, involve repetitive contraction and relaxation of these muscles. However, to address the multifaceted nature of pelvic floor strength, Kegel variations are essential. These include sustained holds, rapid flicks, and incorporating breathing techniques to maximize muscle engagement. Such exercises should be performed with precision, progressing in complexity under the guidance of a healthcare professional experienced in pelvic floor dynamics, to ensure both safety and effectiveness in strengthening efforts. Relaxation for Better Function While strengthening pelvic floor muscles is crucial, equally important is mastering the art of relaxation to ensure their optimal function and prevent over-tightening, which can lead to dysfunction. Relaxation techniques facilitate a balanced approach to pelvic floor health by promoting circulation and reducing stress-induced tension. Incorporate these relaxation strategies: - Mindful Breathing: Engage in diaphragmatic breathing exercises to decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and encourage a state of calm, allowing the pelvic floor to relax. - Progressive Muscle Relaxation: Systematically tense and then release different muscle groups, focusing on the pelvic region to improve awareness and control. - Stress Management: Implementing regular stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or other relaxation practices can indirectly benefit pelvic floor function by reducing overall stress levels. Adopting these practices ensures a comprehensive approach to managing pelvic floor prolapse. Navigating Medical Solutions When less invasive treatments and changes in daily habits don’t work, it’s often necessary to consider medical procedures to address pelvic floor prolapse. Surgery can be a reliable solution, with options like anterior or posterior colporrhaphy or sacrocolpopexy that are customized for each patient’s unique condition. Research has shown that these surgeries are effective in repairing the pelvic anatomy and improving a person’s quality of life. Additionally, hormone treatments, especially topical estrogen, can be critical in maintaining the health of pelvic tissues, especially for women after menopause who are affected by a lack of estrogen. Understanding these medical strategies is complex, and it’s important for healthcare providers to know when they’re appropriate, what risks they carry, and what benefits they offer to provide care that truly considers the patient’s needs and preferences. Surgical and Hormonal Treatments It’s essential for those affected by pelvic floor prolapse to realize that surgical and hormonal treatments are available that can make a real difference in their lives. These options are based on solid evidence and should be discussed thoroughly with a healthcare provider to ensure the chosen method aligns with the individual’s health status and lifestyle. Why Consider Medical Intervention? Medical intervention becomes an option when other methods fail to provide relief. It’s not just about making a choice; it’s about improving life when daily activities become challenging due to pelvic floor prolapse. Active Voice Example Doctors tailor surgeries like anterior or posterior colporrhaphy or sacrocolpopexy to fit the specific needs of the patient’s body. Conversational Style Example If you’re going through menopause and notice changes in your pelvic health, it might be time to chat with your doctor about estrogen creams or other hormone therapies. “Every woman’s journey with pelvic floor prolapse is unique, but with the right medical approach, there’s a path to improved well-being and a return to the activities you love.” Frequently Asked Questions How Does Pelvic Floor Prolapse Affect a Person’s Body Image and Self-Esteem, and What Can Be Done to Improve This? Pelvic floor prolapse may greatly affect how a person feels about their body and their self-worth. It’s vital to offer both emotional support and practical information on how to handle these changes to help individuals feel better about themselves and improve their quality of life. When someone experiences a pelvic floor prolapse, they might feel less confident in their appearance and struggle with their self-esteem. This condition can be sensitive and personal, and it’s important for friends, family, and healthcare providers to be supportive. To assist in rebuilding confidence and self-esteem, education on pelvic floor exercises, lifestyle adjustments, and the possible benefits of surgical or non-surgical treatments should be provided. It’s not just about telling someone these things are important; it’s about showing them how these steps can lead to real improvements in their day-to-day lives. For example, pelvic floor exercises, often known as Kegel exercises, can strengthen the muscles and improve the condition. Lifestyle changes like losing weight, quitting smoking, and avoiding heavy lifting can also help. In some cases, a pessary, which is a device inserted into the vagina to support the organs, or surgery might be recommended. These options should be discussed with a healthcare provider to understand the potential advantages and risks. Remember: it’s not just the physical symptoms that need attention, but also the emotional ones. Support groups and counseling can be beneficial for dealing with the psychological impact of pelvic floor prolapse. Custom Quote: “Nurturing your body’s strength and understanding your health can rebuild the foundation of your self-esteem after pelvic floor prolapse.” Are There Any Dietary Changes or Nutritional Supplements That Can Support the Health of the Pelvic Floor and Possibly Improve Prolapse Symptoms? Eating enough fiber and drinking plenty of water are key for keeping the pelvic floor strong. These habits help with bowel movements and lessen the pressure on the pelvic area, which can make prolapse symptoms better. It’s a good idea to talk to a doctor or dietitian for advice that fits your needs. For example, including foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes in your diet can provide the necessary fiber to keep things moving smoothly through your digestive system. Staying well-hydrated helps avoid constipation, which means less straining during bowel movements – straining that can otherwise worsen pelvic floor issues. In addition to diet, certain exercises can strengthen pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises, which involve contracting and relaxing the pelvic floor muscles, can be quite beneficial. Incorporating these into your daily routine might provide extra support for the pelvic area. If you’re considering supplements, magnesium is known to help with muscle relaxation and could potentially aid with bowel regularity. However, before starting any supplement, it’s best to discuss this with a healthcare professional to ensure it’s safe and appropriate for your situation. Key Takeaway: Keep a balanced diet with plenty of fiber and stay hydrated to support pelvic floor health and potentially ease prolapse symptoms. Consult with a professional for personalized guidance, and don’t forget the value of regular pelvic floor exercises. Can Pelvic Floor Prolapse Have Any Long-Term Effects on Sexual Health, and Are There Ways to Mitigate These Effects? Pelvic floor prolapse may affect sexual health negatively if it persists over time. To help lessen these effects and potentially improve sexual wellbeing, it’s beneficial to manage hormonal changes and commit to targeted physical exercises. It’s advisable to seek advice from a medical expert. A weakened pelvic floor might lead to discomfort during intercourse or decreased sensation, which can impact one’s intimate life. To counter these issues, pelvic floor exercises, commonly known as Kegels, can strengthen the muscles and support the pelvic organs. Additionally, hormone therapy might be suggested if the prolapse is partly due to hormonal imbalances, especially during menopause. For a personal approach, a consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial. They can offer tailored advice and possible treatments, such as physical therapy or even surgery in more severe cases. In managing pelvic floor prolapse, it’s not just about the physical aspect; emotional support is also vital. Open communication with a partner and professional counseling can be integral in maintaining a healthy sexual relationship. Exercise and Hormonal Management To sum up, regular exercise and monitoring hormonal health are key strategies in dealing with the long-term sexual effects of pelvic floor prolapse. Always reach out to a healthcare provider for guidance tailored to your specific situation. Custom Quote: “Taking control of your pelvic health is a step towards reclaiming your sexual wellbeing.” Remember to focus on both physical and emotional healing for the best outcomes in managing pelvic floor prolapse. How Can Partners Without Prolapse Be Supportive and Understanding During Sexual Activities When One Partner Is Experiencing Prolapse? Partners can show support by talking openly and adjusting their approach to intimacy to make their partner feel comfortable. This caring attitude helps create a supportive space for someone dealing with pelvic floor prolapse. How to Offer Support During Intimacy with Prolapse Challenges It’s vital for partners to understand what prolapse involves and how it affects intimacy. Rather than simply stating it’s important, let’s talk about the reasons. Prolapse can cause discomfort or even pain during sexual activities, which can lead to anxiety or embarrassment. Knowing this, a supportive partner listens and respects their partner’s boundaries and comfort levels. Clear Communication Is Key Open and honest dialogue is crucial. Ask questions about what feels good and what doesn’t, and be willing to stop if your partner is uncomfortable. This isn’t just about being nice—it’s about ensuring both partners have a positive and enjoyable experience. Intimacy Adjustments for Comfort Finding alternative positions that are comfortable for the partner with prolapse is a practical step. It’s not about a one-size-fits-all approach but rather finding what works for your unique situation. A Personal Touch “Every couple’s journey is different, and understanding each other’s needs is the foundation of a caring relationship, especially when facing challenges like prolapse,” says Jane Doe, a certified sexual health expert. Conversational and Relaxed Tone Remember, the goal is to maintain a close connection with your partner. It’s not about performing acrobatics but about being together in a way that feels good for both of you. Are There Any Alternative Therapies or Holistic Practices That Have Been Found to Be Beneficial for Those With Pelvic Floor Prolapse in Improving Intimacy? Mindfulness meditation and acupuncture are two alternative approaches that can help relieve symptoms associated with pelvic floor prolapse. These methods may offer relief, leading to a better quality of life and potentially improved intimate relationships by reducing pain and strengthening the pelvic muscles. To explain further, being mindful can help individuals focus on their bodily sensations and manage discomfort more effectively. On the other hand, acupuncture, a practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, involves inserting very thin needles into specific body points to balance energy flow and, in this context, can aid in easing pelvic tension. These therapies are not only about symptom management but also about giving individuals a greater sense of control over their bodies. By actively engaging in mindfulness and receiving acupuncture, a person might find they are more in tune with their body, which can positively affect intimacy. Remember, it’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment to ensure it’s appropriate for your specific condition. Custom Quote: “Empowering individuals to take charge of their health through mindful practices and acupuncture can open doors to comfort and closeness in ways that resonate with personal well-being.”

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Phyllis Yvonne Stickney has enjoyed a busy career in film, television, and stage. The still strikingly beautiful, Afro-centric performer, has successfully juggled many roles throughout her 40-year illustrious career—actress, comedienne, producer, director, poet, author, playwright, griot, motivational speaker—Phyllis seemingly never puts the brakes on creativity and is clearly, one who has always followed her heart’s passions. Phyllis will forever be remembered as Cora, the destitute serial babymaker in the hit miniseries, The Women of Brewster Place. She also appeared in such memorable classic films as New Jack City, Jungle Fever, Inkwell, Malcolm X, What’s Love Got to Do with It, Die Hard with a Vengeance, and How Stella Got Her Groove Back. On the small screen, Phyllis co-starred with Sheryl Lee Ralph on the sitcom, New Attitude. She has also made numerous episodic guest appearances on such popular TV shows as The Miss Pat Show, Shameless and on one of our most beloved sitcoms, A Different World. As a theatrical performer, Phyllis gained recognition for her work with Roger Furman, a playwright and director who founded the New Heritage Repertory Theatre (now the Heritage Theatre Group) in 1964 to provide training, exposure, and experience to artists of color. Phyllis gained recognition for her creative work with Furman. In 1983, she won the highly prestigious Audience Development Committee Recognition Award (AUDELCO), which rewards excellence in Black theater and performing arts for her performance in Furman’s adaptation of Molière’s Tartuffe, called Monsieur Baptiste, the Con Man. As of late, the Little Rock, Arkansas native, performed brilliantly, and to rave reviews, in the comedic play Clyde’s, which is the most produced play in America. The lady has also brought her decades-long, A-game funny, as a comedienne. In 1986, Phyllis won first place at Amateur Night at the famed New York City’s Apollo Theatre. Later, she became the first female host for Showtime at the Apollo. The win led to countless gigs at various comedy clubs throughout the country, as a warm-up announcer, and an opening act for such luminaries as Bill Cosby and Roberta Flack. The ‘African Center Scholar’ who was inducted into the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame was given quite a prestigious honor. Essence Magazine named Phyllis as “One of the 200 African American Women Who Have Changed the World.” The ‘Torchbearer in Black Theater’ and staunch supporter of the Black arts, also founded Advocates 4 Diversity in the Arts, an advocacy organization created to assist various artists in identifying and securing resources and support for their artistic projects. Phyllis Yvonne Stickney is the true definition of a renaissance woman—risk-taking, inspirational, a visionary, creative, multi-talented, and successful. The faith-walker has certainly proven herself to be a real virtuoso of the arts. Phyllis is now working on a one-woman production entitled, P.S. I’m Still Standing, a title that is so befitting of this living legend. 50BOLD: So, you are a native of Little Rock, Arkansas, I have to make it down there. Phyllis: It’s a beautiful state with plenty of natural hot springs, and it’s affordable! It was more affordable when I was trying to encourage people who look like me to invest. There are still some very affordable properties here. It’s a very interesting place. 50BOLD: We love poetry here at 50BOLD. Is it true you’ve been writing poetry since the age of 10? Phyllis: I would say, I was at least a preteen. The first poem that I wrote, I cannot even repeat the title. I was angry at the moment. And it went something like ‘Bleak my family, Bleak my family.’ I was terrible! Poetry was, I think, how I came to develop a love of language and the music of language. I think it’s what lends itself to my ability to hear music in dialects, and to embody the sound, and music of certain regions, and culture. So, my mother and father had a book of poetry. The 100 Best Love Poems of All Time by one hundred of the world’s greatest poets. And I remember my favorite poet was a man named Kipling and Edgar Guest was another. I memorized poems at that time. There were things that I wanted to say to someone, or a message I wanted to convey, and didn’t quite have the words. But there was always a poem that I could remember and recite. And then I began to write my own poems. I wrote a book called Loud Thoughts for Quiet Moments. It was a collection of personal essays, recollections, and poetry. I began to work on a piece that was a homage to Ntozake Shange and her For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf. What she wrote was a homage to Black women and women of color. It is a powerful piece and for the first time in American Theater, something called a choreopoem was born. A choreopoem did not exist before the work of Ntozake Shange. I’d like to collaborate with some other artist like she did in the creation of the original work. When I perform the piece in my one woman show, I say that it’s not meant to try and recreate Ntozake’s characters or to retell her story. What I seek to do with the piece is to respect the rhythm of the work. I actually got to meet Ntozake, a friend made it possible for me to meet her after one of her long hospital stays. I was just in awe of her. 50BOLD: Yes, we interviewed Ntozake before she passed. Phyllis: So yes, poetry is how I get off my voice sometimes. Oftentimes, I tell it to the page. 50BOLD: And you do it so very well! Phyllis: Thank you. 50BOLD: Tell me something, what makes Phyllis Yvonne Stickney laugh out loud? Phyllis: I love Katt Williams. He makes me laugh out loud. Dave Chappelle makes me laugh out loud. I could watch Richard Pryor, Lily Tomlin, George Carlin, and laugh and laugh. I think sometimes the irony in life is funny and how things can get juxtaposed. I might find humor in something that is totally off, you know. I don’t know…. I have such a mature palette you know. It varies. I’m not really into slapstick. I don’t like fart jokes. Human excrement jokes don’t move me. I’m not into the dozens. I’m not going to talk about your mama. I’ve done comedy in England. I’ve done comedy most recently in Belize. I use the same principles in my comedy which is just observing life. I think the way we move and interact with one another, culturally, can be interesting. 50BOLD: You can certainly take any situation and find humor in it, but the way in which it is expressed, takes it to another level. On the flip side, what makes you shed a tear? Phyllis: I feel what’s happening to humanity now. Observing the way that our young girls dress. 50BOLD: Oh God, don’t get me started! Phyllis: It brings me to tears to see these babies out in public with their butt cheeks hanging out and breasts so exposed, you know. It all brings sadness to me because I know they do not understand that they are jewels, treasures. Stores are selling hoe-gear in small, medium, large, and extra-large. Hoe-gear! These are not clothes. So, this brings me to tears. When I walk through an airport and see a mother with an infant in a stroller and her toddler still in pampers being dragged along. She is yanking the child along so quickly; the baby can barely keep up. Then seeing the mother cursing, using the MF word toward her toddler, and then screaming…’You’ve got two legs, use them!’ I think to myself, what is this child going to grow up to be? How do you think this baby is going to grow up? What kind of young man or woman is this child going to be, when you’ve been calling them an MF all their life? And you wonder why, when this baby grows up, they want to bust you upside your head! 50BOLD: But this is what sets you apart from so many other comics, you provide messages in your comedy. It is apparent that your messages are clear and carefully thought out. Kudos to you for being a woke and conscious beautiful Black woman! Phyllis: I live in Harlem in the real world. Yes, I also worked in Harlem. And I would take buses sometimes. I didn’t like going underground. Long story short, I would listen to kids sitting on the bus. They would use such foul language! I would have to take a mini moment…. On one occasion, I said to one of them, ‘Oh my God! Oh my goodness! I can’t believe all that is coming out of your pretty face!’ Now, the kids didn’t expect my comment, and didn’t know what to say in return. One kid with some home training responded with, ‘Now, see that lady, I told you don’t be talking like that! Excuse me mam!’ Afterward, they began to act like they had a little bit of sense, even if for a short time, while I was on that bus. My comments let the kids know, they were being watched. I saw them. I cared. 50BOLD: So many of our kids are just lost. Phyllis: And that’s a tear shedding moment for me. Right now, there’s a lump in my throat because these kids just don’t get it. 50BOLD: It is all so sad, this generation seems lost. Phyllis: I think about what wasn’t done for a child. Did you pull a child aside and leave them with something they can consume and that will help them grow? What are we doing? We no longer think about what happened to Bebe’s kids. These are Pookie and dem’s kids! 50BOLD: Let’s talk about gratitude, as 50-plus people, should we walk around with our heads to the sky? Are you a grateful person? Let me say this…. I’m what you’d call a grateful person. I was never into tattoos, but something came over me about ten years ago. I ended up at a tattoo parlor and had the word ‘Grateful,’ along with a crucifix, tattooed across my chest. I feel so blessed because of my attitude of gratitude. I’m in my 60s and still have all my siblings and parents. We are all doing well and in positions to help others…my life is full…. Phyllis: WOW, that is all so beautiful!! And I too, am SO grateful, I don’t even know how to complain! I am grateful to the Most High! I’m grateful to the ancestors. I am grateful to a mother and father, who instilled so much in me. My parents’ teachings keeps me grounded to this very day, keeps me humble, keeps me clear, because I’m representing them. I carry their name. I carry their legacy. I want to leave a legacy, you know. I want people to look back and talk about the things I left as an artist, poet, public speaker. A legacy is so important. How I walk in this life is always important which is why I live in Harlem and not Hollywood. I want little brown and Black girls to see me come out of their apartment building and know, that good things are possible for them. There’s actually a woman in my life today who met me when she was 13 years old. I spoke life into her at that time. And this is a full-circle moment story. I met the now woman, again, but through her daughter! The woman told her daughter about her encounter with me years ago at the Apollo and how, I would always give her advice. The woman remembered the pearls of wisdom that I imparted to her back when she was a young girl. And now, she is a woman of age 50. So, when the woman saw me again, she could barely contain herself. She said, that I was the same. I had the same spirit. The same love. It comforted this mother to know, that I was showing her daughter love, like I showed her love, so many years ago. I am grateful for this interview! I am also so very grateful that I got to direct the Negro Ensemble Company’s Zooman and the Sign, a play that was written by Charles Fuller, who I met on the first day I arrived in New York, many, many, years ago. The production was held last month at the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Center. Philadelphia was my stepping stone into New York city. So, it is a personal triumph for me to go back to Philly as a director. I am grateful for my organization, my foundation, The Faith Walk Family Foundation. I will be working on developing affordable yoga studios and wellness centers in what some would call underserved communities in Arkansas. 50BOLD: Who are some of the folks who have made a positive impact in your life? Phyllis: Dick Gregory! He made me laugh. He was SO profound, he always provided me with a history lesson. I made sure I was in his presence whenever I could be. I feel compelled to give him respect and especially in this interview. There were two people who have positively touched my life, Dick Gregory and Roberta Flack. Robert Flack saw my brilliance when she came to see me at Smalls Paradise in Harlem. And Dick Gregory also came to see me at the venue and of course, he had no idea how much I admired him. And so, one particular year, I was the first female to ever single-handedly host the Essence Music Festival’s main stage at the Superdome where there were over 75,000 people. I was literally, visibly, vibrating, and shaking, because the energy there was so high. I was in the VIP section of the Superdome, the area that is closed off for the talent. I remember watching Mary J Blige perform on the big screen. And I remember saying, ‘Oh God, we need to pray for her!’ Just as I came out of that thought, I looked up and there was Dick Gregory. And he asked me, ‘How do you know, what you know?’ I knew this was not just a frivolous question. I thought about the question, asked my higher self, then gave him this answer… ‘The Most High and the ancestors.’ What he said to me was, ‘You know you’re a messenger. You were sent here to lead the people.’ 50BOLD: Amen. Amen! Phyllis: I just sat there, feeling humbled and listening to what Dick Gregory was saying. And then he asked me, ‘What are you doing when you leave here?’ And I said, ‘Well, based on what you just told me, where do I need to be?’ And he told me to meet him in Washington DC at Gallaudet University. And I did. Dick Gregory became my official comedy father. What he shared with me…. There’s a book called The Last Mile, Conversations with Dick Gregory by Shelia P. Moses. If you look on page 83 when Dick Gregory was asked which female comediennes he liked, well, I cried, when I read his response. You know who he said, right? 50BOLD: Well, alright! What an honor! Phyllis: Dick Gregory revealed who he really dug was ME! He went on to describe me using the most beautiful words and discussed what my blessings were. So, when Dick received his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, I flew in to attend the ceremony. Well, I was asked to be on the stage. I told Dick that the people in charge would not give me the mic. Dick called someone over, I can’t remember who.… He told them, ‘You make sure Phyllis gets on that stage! You make sure she gets that mic tonight!’ And that’s the way it was with Dick Gregory and I. I went to his ceremony and his funeral; I was there. I made sure that every chance I’d see him, I was in his presence. 50BOLD: Were there other creatives who left an indelible impression on you, professionally? Maya Angelou! What blows my mind in all honesty, Russell Wilson, is that major celebrities know who I am. This always blows my mind. I’m like…’How do they actually know me?’ I mean like by the time we worked on ‘The Women of Brewster Place,’ Maya knew who I was from my theatrical work. Avery Brooks, Rosalind Cash, Pauletta Washington (Denzel’s wife), LaTonya Williams, Giancarlo Esposito, Delroy Lindo, and Ruben Santiago-Hudson, I know all of them from the theater; these are people I look up to. I attended the National Black Theater Festival in Winston-Salem, NC, and in its first year, Oprah and Denzel were the hosts. Dr. Maya Angelou attended the festival. And we’re both from Arkansas. She was from Stamps, Arkansas and I was born in Little Rock. Long story short, she walked up to me, this blew my mind. Dr. Angelou said, ‘You are a masterpiece in the making,’ with that commanding voice of hers. I just stood dumbfounded. I didn’t know what to say or how to respond to Dr. Angelou. I think I got out a meager ‘Thank you Mam.’ She became Ma Maya to me. I respectfully called her Ma Maya because she and the late Ossie Davis were true and devoted patrons of the theater. Roger Furman’s muse was Diana Sands and I had a moment with him. When we were at rehearsals for a play, he burst into tears. I asked why he was crying, and he responded with, ‘You remind me of Diana!’ Roger Furman was one of the co-authors of The Black Book. Roger ushered me into theater, and through the theatrical community. Hollywood didn’t want to deal with me, so my commitment to the theatrical community and my allegiance to them remains. The theatrical community took care of me when Hollywood wouldn’t. 50BOLD: You are such a powerful actress. Why aren’t the Oprah’s and Tyler Perry’s of the world knocking down your door? Phyllis: You can’t serve two masters. I don’t go to the parties. I hope you can hear me. But let me just say this, when I worked on the series The Women of Brewster Place, Oprah came to me as a friend and as a woman. I won’t go into what we actually discussed, but she did something for me, no one has ever done before. And I will never forget her for that. She gave me a lesson. She helped me out at a time when I was in a real bad place. She did me a favor and said, ‘I don’t want this back. I want you to learn the lesson.’ I recognize there’s a price you pay. We all pay. But the higher you climb, the greater the price. Some of us are willing to pay the price. Some of us pay the price and didn’t know we paid it until it’s too late. And some of us are just not interested. 50BOLD: I’m intrigued, but will leave it alone… You have so many talents. Your kind of creative contributions are so needed in the industry! Phyllis: Well at this moment, I’d like to do a world tour. I did one with Patti LaBelle in 1991. It was the first time I was ever on a national tour and it was so exciting. Unfortunately, another comedian undercut me, and I’ve never done another tour since. It was so hurtful that I never spoke about it. I’m not Mo’Nique. I suffered in silence. But I do believe that my day, my time is now. I can get up on that stage and I don’t need a cane to walk up there. I don’t need a walker to walk up there. I can still prance in 5-inch heels. I can still give a great show that’ll make you laugh about something that happened last week, or 20 years ago. There are 20-year-olds in my audience. There are also 60-plus year olds in my audience. I’m going to continue to take the mic. I’m going to go to these comedy clubs and take the mic. I’m going to need this for a minute. My heart pumps no Kool-Aid. I’m tired of waiting silently. 50BOLD: Your life is a movie. You need to tell your story, you really do! Phyllis: Well, you know, I have a little studio here, so I can get away from the hustle and bustle. I duck away here in the studio; no one knows that I’m here. I have family here and only two people know when I’m in town because folks know I need my solitude and privacy. When I am out, I give all that I have to give. But when I’m writing, I’m really compiling because I’ve written bits and pieces of it. Part of it was called The Invisible Celebrity. And then I just thought the other day of something called The Loves of My Life. People always want to know, ‘What about your romances? Were you married?’ I’ve never discussed the intimate or romantic side of my life. 50BOLD: You’re very private. First of all, no one knows your age. Have you’ve been married? Do you have children? Phyllis: I’ve been married. I’ve been married more than once. I never changed my last name and my husbands would always ask me to do so. But the no name change was part of the deal from the beginning. They knew. I said I would be Mrs. X in private. In my comedy, I’d say I was divorced before the wedding pictures came back from the photographer. I was like, ‘Oops, I’m sorry, I made a mistake. I’m so sorry!’ [laughs] 50BOLD: You’ve got to be kidding me! Phyllis: I would not kid you. But I’m thankful for the humor, you know that I was able to derive humor from those marital situations. I do have a Goddaughter. However, my biological children did not live. I’ve been a mother four times but none of them lived. And so, this has always been a hole in my life and in my heart because no one ever knew this. It happened before I came to New York and got into the industry. It happened when I was a young woman. And then, I tried later and was unable to really hold them; this was maybe 20 years ago. 50BOLD: I am so sorry…. Is the actor Timothy Stickney your relative? What was the name of the soap opera he was in for many years? Phyllis: Tim was most recognized for his role as Randall James “R.J.” Gannon on ABC-TV’s soap opera One Life to Live. He was on that soap for about 13 years. 50BOLD: I knew it! Just from the name Stickney, I knew you had to be related! Phyllis: He is my brother, oh yes! He is my twin. I told him he looks like a male me. I look like a female him. But since I’m the oldest in the family, he looks like me! 50BOLD: I saw you on the Sherri Shepherd show. What can you pass along to our readers about your beauty regimen? You have excellent skin. What are you doing to age backward? Phyllis: (laughs) Laughter is one of my main aging backward ingredients. I’m telling you, laughter is a big part of the regimen. First of all, I must sweat. I don’t care if it’s yoga. I don’t care if it’s walking. I don’t care if it’s line-dancing. I must walk, exercise, and break a sweat doing it. I’m also careful about what I eat. I have my little cheats, but I’m really careful about what I eat. I read labels so much that I kind of know what not to do. I pretty much try to prepare what I eat. I do eat out sometimes, but even then, I’m specific about the food. The fact that I still seem to be youthful is a blessing. I tend to not wear makeup unless it’s absolutely necessary. I do not think I need to look beat every day. 50BOLD: You have led quite a fascinating life. I am SO looking forward to your book! Phyllis: I have to tell you my Phyllis Hyman story and how I met her! One day I was coming out of an audition for a movie. Phyllis had auditioned as well. I came out of the building and there was a limo parked outside; the window slid down. A woman said, ‘Girl, give me that hat. Where did you get that hat?’ And it was Phyllis Hyman. We had the best conversation! Fast forward, I shared a suite with someone and ran my business out of there. I hired a young woman who had allegedly dated Phyllis Hyman. One day, the woman came into the office and said, ‘Ms. Stickney, I promise you, my personal life will not interfere with my employment here. My ex-lover left a message on your answering machine and you’re going to hear it.’ The message was from Phyllis. She was cursing me out because I neglected to call her before hiring my assistant! I never knew anything about their alleged personal relationship! Phyllis’ alleged homosexuality was unknown to me. Later, I learned that Phyllis’ pain was a lot to bear because she couldn’t live out her life authentically. 50BOLD: Phyllis, when it’s all said and done, and you meet your maker, what will the Creator say to you, other than ‘job well done?’ Phyllis: I have held myself to such high standards because of my family and upbringing. I used to think ‘Oh my God! I’ve done things that I’m not proud of!’ But, I guess he would say, ‘You’ve repented and meant it!’

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The history of Native Americans is often distilled into neat chapters: the arrival of Europeans, the expansion of the frontier, the resistance and removal of tribes. But the real story does not begin with colonial ships cresting the horizon, nor does it end with the closing frontier. It’s an ongoing epic that stands intertwined with the very identity of America. I want you to know of a vibrant mosaic of pre-colonial societies, invaded, suppressed, and the struggles that still echo in native communities today. More than just a relic of the past, it’s a living chronicle that deserves attention. The Diverse Mosaic of Pre-Colonial Indigenous Cultures In the vast expanse of North America, before the sails of Europeans billowed on the horizon, there thrived an intricate tapestry of indigenous peoples. Each thread in this fabric-a society, a tribe-was unique, woven with its own patterns of culture and tradition. From Gruver, Iowa to either coast there was indigenous culture. They were as varied as the landscapes they inhabited, from the dense forests of the northeast to the expansive prairies in the heartland, and the arid deserts of the southwest to the rugged coastlines of the northwest. These societies were far from simplistic; they bore complex social structures that intricately organized their members from birth to death. There were leaders and council members, warriors and healers, craftspeople and storytellers, each with roles as important as the next in maintaining the equilibrium of their communities. And fundamental to their existence was their relationship with the land. It was not merely a backdrop for their lives but a central character in their unfolding stories. They knew the songs of the rivers and the whispers of the wind through the grasses. They understood the subtle language of the earth and responded with reverence. Their respect for nature was not borne out of idleness but out of a profound awareness that their lives were deeply interconnected with the world around them. In this way, they lived-not as mere occupants of a geographical space but as participants in a grand ecological dialogue that had been ongoing long before their time and would continue long after. Each day was another verse in a song as old as the mountains, a song that sang of belonging to a world far richer and more beautiful than any one individual could claim or own. Powerful Confederations that Shaped the Land In the Northeast, a great alliance known as the Iroquois Confederacy rose. It was not just any alliance, but a sophisticated gathering of tribes bound by political and military aims. Their governance was a mirror of the Native diplomacy, an intricate system that respected the voices of its people and sought unity in decision-making. It was a testament to their deep understanding of leadership and cooperation among diverse groups. Far to the Southwest, the land tells another tale where the Puebloan Peoples etched their existence into the earth’s rock. They raised majestic cliff dwellings and grand adobe structures that stood against the test of time. These people were not just builders; they were skilled farmers who coaxed crops from the arid land, engineers who crafted their homes in harmony with the unforgiving landscape, and astronomers who read the stars as one reads a book, learning the secrets of the skies. In the Southeastern woodlands, the Cherokee thrived as one of the most populous groups. Their society was rich and complex, with an intricate clan system at its core. Kinship followed the maternal line, painting a picture of a society where relationships and familial ties were traced through mothers and grandmothers. This matrilineal pattern was a thread that ran strong through the fabric of Cherokee life, influencing their social structure, inheritance, and even leadership. Beliefs and Traditions Forged Over Millennia In the oral histories of pre-colonial societies, creation stories are woven into the very essence of Native American existence. These origin stories are not mere tales but are the sinews connecting the people to their lands and sacred sites, each narrative a map of spiritual geography. Like the roots of an ancient oak, these bonds run deep, anchoring tribes to places where the earth speaks of their genesis and their gods walked. Ancestors step through time with us. The land is alive with spirits in these animistic belief systems, where every rock, tree, and stream is imbued with a life force. As Chief Seattle pointed out in an 1854 address, the rocks themselves hold memories and the dirt beneath our feet is sympathetic in its touch. The shaman stands as a bridge between the human world and the spirit world. They are the keepers of mystic knowledge, traveling on soul journeys to negotiate with spirits, heal the sick, and guide the community. Reverence for nature is not just a practice but a way of being. Nature’s cycles dictate the rhythm of daily life, and in this reverence, there is a profound harmony with the environment. To live is to honor the spirits in all living things, a respect that is both deep and abiding. Among the first nations, the cry to preserve Unci Maka (Grandmother Earth) is the call to protect family. Ceremonies are the heartbeat of the community, marking the passage of time and celebrating the continuum of life. These sacred rituals are not just events but are living histories told through the vibrant threads of oral traditions. The beat of the drum and the rise of song are not merely music but are stories and prayers given wings. The visual arts are not just decoration but are stories etched into stone, woven into baskets, painted on hide. We powwow to honor each other, and to bring life to the ancestral ways that set us apart from non-natives. Each dance, ritual or ceremony is a chapter of a larger story, telling of victories, losses, dreams, and fears. The artistry is a language often beyond words, a communication of the soul’s journey through this world and beyond. In this simple yet profound existence, pre-colonial Native American societies crafted a world rich with meaning, where every element of life was intertwined with cultural and spiritual significance. Find Native American Indian Art in Gruver, Iowa Agricultural Innovations that Transformed the Wilderness In the era before the colonizers came, the native peoples of what we now call America were not idle. Their hands, wise from the pulse of the earth, coaxed the soil into life-giving abundance. Among their most elegant horticultural ballets was that of the “Three Sisters” – corn, beans, and squash, growing together in harmony. The corn stood tall, its stalks like the masts of green ships. Beans twined around those stalks, reaching for the sun, while the squash spread its leaves across the earth, a living mulch to cradle moisture. This trio not only provided a balanced diet but also spoke of a deep understanding of agricultural interdependence. Water, as ever, was both friend and foe-the lifeblood of crops and the sudden destroyer of fields. Through ingenuity, channels and ditches were transformed into arteries of life, directing the precious liquid to thirsty plants. And with careful stewardship, fertilization practices enriched the depleted earth without demanding more than it could give, ensuring that the soil could continue to sustain their children’s children. The hunt, too, was a testament to their intimate knowledge of the land. With tools shaped from bone and stone, they harvested the gifts of forest and stream. These tools were not just instruments of survival but reflections of the ecosystems they inhabited-each hook and arrow perfectly married to the fish it sought or the game it pursued. Trade was not conducted in silence but through a vibrant network of routes that pulsed across the continent like veins. A web of exchange connected tribe to tribe, culture to culture, allowing for the movement not just of goods but of ideas-each exchange a conversation, each trade a tale. And within their settlements, evidence of urban planning whispered of a sophisticated understanding of community and space. Networks of trails stitched the land together while canoes slipped through waterways as easily as needles through cloth. Their cities were not haphazard but laid with intention, a reflection of their deep connection to both each other and the earth. Such was the landscape for those who walked these lands in the time before history turned its page. The Arrival of Columbus and Age of Exploration In the waning years of the fifteenth century, a man named Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator at sea under the flag of Spain, crossed the uncharted waters of the Atlantic. The year was 1492, a year that would become a hinge upon which the world’s history would pivot. Columbus set foot upon the shores of the Caribbean, his eyes open to new horizons but blind to the complex views of life and civilization that had thrived there long before his sails kissed the horizon. In the years following Columbus’s arrival, the Spanish, with their armor glinting under the foreign sun, began to exert their influence into these newfound lands. They planted their colonies with the determined hands of those who believed they were ordained to tame, teach and pillage. Florida and the vast Southwest became dotted with missions, outposts of religious zeal where cross and crown worked hand in hand to fleece, convert and command. This era was driven by an insatiable hunger for wealth and the fabled cities of gold that danced like mirages before the eyes of explorers. These adventurers, conquistadors, and settlers were pulled forward by dreams of ore-fueled opulence. Driven by whispers of untapped resources waiting beneath the soil or through trade routes yet uncharted, they set forth. Their footsteps marked the beginning of a transformation that would echo through the ages, as two worlds collided with both wonder and woe. Empires Stake Their Claim In the sprawling tale of the New World, the paths of the French and British, though both hungry for prosperity, diverged in the wilderness of opportunity. The French, with a light touch, wove themselves into the fabric of the land through the fur trade. They reached out to the native tribes with a trader’s handshake, forming bonds and alliances that ran as deep as the rivers they navigated. Theirs was a commerce of pelts, and their settlements were often no more than outposts, specks on the vast canvas of forests and lakes. The British harbored a different dream. They came not just to visit and trade but to stay, driven by a vision of permanent colonies. In Virginia, 1607 marked the year their dream took root in the form of Jamestown. This was not a mere trading post but a foothold, a declaration of presence and intent. Here, the British planted their flag and unfurled their ambitions, tilling the soil and laying the stones for what they hoped would be a new dominion under their crown. Both nations, in their pursuit, would entwine with the lives of Native Americans – the French through a mutual need for goods and goodwill, the British through a steadfast resolve to carve civilization from the wilderness. Each encounter, each alliance, and each settlement wove into the story of a land in the midst of great change. Agreements were tenuous, as native leaders soon learned that Eurpean promises were unlike they expected. Uneasy Relations and Broken Promises In the early encounters and colonization of what would become the United States, a network of trade and cooperation was woven between the colonists and Native Americans. These initial interactions were often driven by necessity and the mutual benefits of exchange. The colonists, eager for survival and prosperity in a new world, sought the knowledge and resources that the Natives had cultivated over countless generations. Likewise, some tribes found advantage in the tools and trinkets the newcomers brought with them. However, beneath the surface of these dealings, a current of cultural misunderstandings ran deep. Simple gestures and words, clouded by the fog of vastly different worldviews, sparked frequent skirmishes. Such clashes sowed seeds of distrust on both sides, as each struggled to navigate the intentions of the other in this emerging world. The colonists, armed with a mindset of expansion and often backed by distant crowns, turned to treaties as a means to formalize their ambitions. These documents, cloaked in the language of mutual agreement, were frequently tilted to serve the colonial interests. They promised peace and partnership but were laced with terms that favored the expansion of European settlements at the cost of tribal sovereignty. This strategy would leave a lasting imprint on the landscape of American history, shaping the complex relationship between Native Americans and settlers for centuries to come. Find Native American Indian Music in Gruver, Iowa Defiance in the Face of Conquest This was a time when individual native leaders, with limited diplomatic experience and information, stood at life’s crossroads. Massive decisions, such as choosing paths of cooperation or resistance, would impact tribal history. Some sought to weave bonds of cooperation, understanding that the strange new settlers brought with them both danger and opportunity. They reached out, hoping to blend the strengths of both peoples like streams joining into a mighty river. Their vision was of a shared world, where the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures could flourish like a field nourished by diverse rains. Naive? Perhaps so. But no Europeans arrived on these shores with such innocence. They’d left a continent in constant turmoil, where notions of conquest and land ownership were foundational. As the new world grew crowded, native hopes dimmed like the last light of day. The French and Indian War erupted, a brutal reminder that coexistence is a delicate bloom that wilts in the shadow of greed. The colonists, once seen as potential partners, became adversaries in a struggle for land and power. The Natives found themselves caught in the crushing gears of an unstoppable force, their way of life threatened by an insatiable hunger for expansion. And European diseases began to sweep through Native America like wildfire. These afflictions were unkown to natives and thus there was little to no immunity. Over the years that followed, many tribes were decimated by illness. Some were made extinct, while others merged bands into new nations. Tribal confederacies were formed to strengthen resistance to the settler encroachment and to provide a stronger voice in negotiation. But it remained a dark period of cultural and physical battle. From the ashes of conflict rose a leader named Tecumseh, a name that would come to symbolize resistance in the face of overwhelming odds. In the early 1800s, as American expansion pressed relentlessly westward, Tecumseh stood firm, a bold silhouette against the encroaching tide. He understood that unity was the only bulwark against displacement and destruction. His voice rang out, urging disparate tribes to stand together as one to protect their homes, their families, and their future. Tecumseh’s vision was clear: only through unity could their way of life survive the relentless march of American settlers pushing ever westward. This period of early encounters and colonization was marked by the interplay of cooperation and conflict, visionaries and warriors, and the unstoppable currents of change. It was here that the foundations were laid for the intricate relationship between Native Americans and the United States – a relationship as complex as the patterns on a woven blanket, each thread a story, each color a memory. A Century of Betrayal and Heartbreak In the 19th century, a sorrowful chapter was written in the history of Native Americans, headlined by events surrounding the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This legislation, signed into law by President Andrew Jackson, became a tool for enacting a policy of forced relocation. It dictated that tribes living east of the Mississippi River were to be moved to lands in the west, to spaces that were foreign and distant from the ancestral homes they had known for countless generations. Its basis was to put ownership of fertile and resource-rich lands on the Eastern seaboard into the hands of colonists. The Cherokee, along with other tribes, found themselves at the heart of this brutal policy. They were compelled to leave behind their homesteads, their fields, the graves of their ancestors, and embark on a journey that would be etched in history as the Trail of Tears. This was no ordinary travel; it was a march laden with suffering and sorrow. Men, women, and children faced the unforgiving elements of Winter, disease, and scarcity of provisions. As they traversed over a thousand miles, often in chains and under the watchful eyes of an indifferent military escort, thousands succumbed to the ordeal. They perished not only from the physical hardships but also from a profound sense of loss. The reservation land allocated to the tribes, in what is now called Oklahoma, was undeveloped and harsh. There was much death and poverty still to come for those who survived foreced removal, as tribal leaders fought to secure resources for survival in exile. The Trail of Tears stands as a testament to their endurance but also as a stark reminder of the cruelty they faced – a forced expulsion that reshaped the landscape of Native American life in the United States forever. It was an early example of the (primarily) British notion of Manifest Destiny. The Christian majority within those waves of settlers was convinced that God had ordained their possesion of North America, and it was communicated far and wide. Find Native American Indian Clothing in Gruver, Iowa Exile and Death on the Trail Where They Cried In the late 19th century, the fabric of Native American life was being deliberately unraveled by the hands of those who saw their vibrant cultures as obstacles to progress. The Dawes Act, a policy cloaked in the guise of benevolence, sought to strip the tribes of their collective identity by parceling out their land to individuals. It was an era where policymakers, reinforced by Christians hungry for converts, believed that the native way of life was something to be corrected rather than preserved. Boarding schools swept indigenous children away, refusing them cultural practices like language, dress and traditional hair style. Despite these forceful tides of assimilation, the spirit of Native cultures displayed a resilience as enduring as the earth they cherished. They held fast to their traditions, their languages, and their identity amidst a sea of change. For many tribal nations, these embers were concealed from the colonizers to minimize retribution. But each policy that aimed to erode their community, resulted in ways to adapt without surrendering their essence. The struggle was not solely for the preservation of culture but also for the basic rights that were long denied. Native Americans fought tirelessly for recognition and citizenship within a land that was once solely theirs. This battle was marked by both quiet acts of defiance and loud cries for justice, weaving a tale of perseverance in the face of overwhelming odds. Cultural Resilience Despite Relentless Attacks In the 19th century, as the United States expanded its territories westward, the people who lived on the land faced the encroachment of an ever-growing nation. The Apache, a fierce and proud group of loosely-connected bands, stood their ground against this invasion with celebrated leaders like Geronimo. They knew the mountains and the deserts; they were part of the land, and the land was part of them. With their profound connection to their homeland and their adept skills in guerilla warfare, they resisted with arms, fighting to preserve their way of life against those who sought to claim it for their own. Not far from these struggles, two notable leaders emerged among the Lakota Sioux: Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. They did not seek conflict but were propelled into it by the relentless push of settlers and gold-seekers into the Black Hills, a place sacred to their people. Sitting Bull, a chief and holy man, possessed a quiet strength that resonated with his people, inspiring them to stand firm. Crazy Horse, with the fire of a warrior’s spirit, led with a daring that became legend. Together, they united their people in an act of defiance that would echo through history. There were moments when this resistance sparkled with victories that shone like flashes of light in a long, dark night. At battles like Little Bighorn, these leaders and their warriors demonstrated their might and determination, proving that their spirit would not be easily extinguished. But these brief triumphs were like fleeting whispers in the wind, as the might of an expanding nation brought about clashes that were ultimately destructive. These conflicts, marked by bloodshed and loss on both sides, were but one chapter in a longer saga of struggle and resistance. Though the outcome was shadowed by sorrow, the legacy of these fighters endures-a testament to their unyielding courage and love for their homelands. The Ongoing Journey: Struggles and Revitalization In the evolving story of America, the chapters concerning its native sons and daughters are tinged with a persistent struggle for rights once promised. As we cast our gaze upon the modern tableau, we see that the activism rooted in the hearts of native tribes is as fervent as ever. They stand not merely as figures of the past, but as living participants in the nation’s ongoing narrative, seeking acknowledgment of treaties forged in yesteryears – pacts that bound their ancestors and the fledgling government in a mutual embrace that has since frayed. Fishing rights, a staple of life and culture for many tribes, have transformed into a contested arena where the lines drawn by treaties are defended with the tenacity of those whose very heritage hinges upon the rivers and streams of their lands. These waters, teeming with life, are not just sustenance but are fundamental to tribal identity. The disputes over land use, too, are emblematic of a broader contention; it is a clash between the traditional guardians of the territories and those who see the land through a different lens-a resource to be tapped and transformed. The tribes, in their advocacy, do not simply ask for favors; they demand that the agreements of old be respected, that promises made be honored. Their voices rise in council halls and courtrooms alike, echoing off walls that have too often been deaf to their pleas. Yet still they speak, for silence would mean the surrender of ancestral rights-the very soul of their communities. Battles to Uphold Promises of the Past In the heart of America, where the spirit of native communities beats with a rhythm handed down through generations, there is a shadow that stretches long and weary across the land. It is a shadow cast by systemic inequality, a specter that haunts the health and wellbeing of these storied people. These communities, rich in tradition and steeped in the lore of the earth, confront disparities in health that cut deep furrows into their collective soul. Access to healthcare-a fundamental right as vital as water to the parched-is woefully inadequate in native lands. The clinics and hospitals, when they exist, are often miles upon miles away, across rugged terrains and through the whispers of winds that have seen better times. The doctors and nurses are too few, their hands tied by the red tape of bureaucracy and the scarcity of resources. Life expectancy, that most basic measure of wellbeing, falls short among these original inhabitants. The men and women watch, with a quiet sort of dignity, as their time under the sun ticks away faster than it should-faster than it does for those in bustling cities with gleaming hospitals. There is a resignation in their eyes; a knowledge born of centuries of promises made and broken. The roots of this grim reality are traceable, like the lines on a withered leaf, to government policies etched into history. These policies are not mere words on paper but have been the architects of sorrow in native lives. They speak of times when land was taken and treaties were disregarded, when children were pulled from the warmth of their families to be molded into images that were not their own. The legacy of those times lingers, like the last notes of a drumbeat fading into the night. But even as the night is deep, there is a stir within these communities-a renaissance of culture that refuses to be silenced. In this modern age, native voices rise in a chorus that seeks to reclaim their health, their sovereignty, their very identity. Revival of Traditions Once Suppressed In the heartland of America, where the memory of the land and its original peoples run as deep and enduring as the rivers, there has been a stirring-a renaissance of the spirit, a cultural resurgence through the medium of arts. The native tongues, once on the brink of silence, are finding their voice again, articulated in classrooms and ceremonies, cradling the wisdom of ancestors. This revival of indigenous languages is not just a recovery of words lost, but a reclamation of history and identity. In the same breath, traditions that have waned under the weight of time are being rekindled. These practices are being woven back into the fabric of daily life, honored in dances, in the sacred rituals, and in the stories that are once again being shared among the young and old. Artistic expressions, too, have found new soil in which to bloom. Music-rich with the pulse of the drum and the call of ancient flutes-now also merges with contemporary beats, giving voice to the past and present in a single melody. Literature has become a vessel for the once untold narratives of an entire people, penned with truth and vibrant imagery. The visual arts have undergone a transformation as well; canvases are splashed with colors that speak of old legends and current struggles, sculptures carved with the resilience of generations. This cultural pride that has been forged anew does more than just celebrate customs; it reinforces a sense of identity. A people once scattered and silenced now stand united and expressive. This is a story of reclamation-an era where every song, every word written, every stroke of the brush is an assertion of existence, a declaration that they are still here, still strong, and forever enduring. Seeking Wellness and Equal Standing In the heart of colonized America, the indigenous spirit of self-determination beats with a rhythm as old as the land itself. Tribes have found a novel means to weave the fabric of autonomy – casinos and gaming. Like the mighty rivers that carve their paths through the earth, these establishments have become channels promising prosperity flows for native communities. With each roll of the dice and spin of the wheel, there is more than a game of chance; there is a play for sovereignty. It is not just the clatter of slot machines, but the sound of self-reliance that echoes through these halls. The revenues generated are the sinews that strengthen tribal governance, allowing for a renaissance of independence. Schools, hospitals, and infrastructures bloom from this fertile financial ground, nurtured by the hands that once were tied by economic dependence on a hostile government. The casino lights, bright as the North Star, light the way to a future envisioned by generations past. These business ventures are more than mere commerce; they are the drums of progress, beating a message of hope and renewal. Each successful enterprise is a testament to a tribe’s ability to adapt and thrive in the modern world while honoring the sacred traditions that define their past. This symbiosis of culture and commerce is a symbol of greater economic independence – a sign that the long winter of economic disenfranchisement may be giving way to a springtime of possibility. Regrettably, many nations are divided about gaming. It’s not so much centered around the morality of gambling, though. Many members feel that casino profits aren’t trickling down fairly, and there’s been calls for tribal leadership to be more transparent about financial dealings. That’s not across the board, of course. But poverty on reservations is still commonplace, even in the shadows of neon-lit gaming halls with 24-hour traffic. As these indigenous nations chart their course through the waters of self-governance, they steer by stars unseen by others-stars of resilience, stars of community, stars of an enduring identity that can never be gambled away. A Few Final Thoughts The story of Native Americans in the U.S. is one of vibrant, complex societies evolving over thousands of years, deeply connected to the land. Initial periods of trade and cooperation with European settlers gave way to encroachment and conflict as colonial ambition clashed with tribal autonomy. Despite forced relocations, efforts to undermine their culture, and the profound loss of life and land, Native peoples persevered through ingenious adaptation and determined resistance. Leaders like Red Cloud, King Philip and the great Lakota warriors Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse stand as symbols of this defiant spirit. Yet the legacy of systemic injustices persists today in underfunded services, healthcare disparities, and ongoing struggles to uphold treaty rights. However, as seen in the revival of native languages and arts, along with economic drivers like tribal gaming, Indian Country is undergoing a bit of a renaissance. Rooted, I feel, in enduring values of community and reverence for their homelands, Native Americans are reclaiming their heritage. On their own terms, writing new chapters in an epic, living narrative. Though steeped in hardship, their story continues writing chapters. The resilience, solidarity, and an indomitable sense of identity preserved heritage in the face of savage assimilation efforts of the early 20th century.

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Highlights, Quotes, Annotations, & Marginalia Guide to highlight colors Yellow–general highlights and highlights which don’t fit under another category below Orange–Vocabulary word; interesting and/or rare word Green–Reference to read Red–Example to work through …the high barriers to becoming a Christian had to be abolished. Circumcision and the strict food laws had to be relaxed. make it easier to create links! But when you add enough links such that each node has an average of one link, a miracle happens: A unique giant cluster emerges. Random network theory tells us that as the average number of links per node increases beyond the critical one, the number of nodes left out of the giant cluster decreases exponentially. If the network is large, despite the links’ completely random placement, almost all nodes will have approximately the same number of links. seminal 1959 paper of Erdős and Rényi to bookmark “On Random Graphs. I” (PDF). Publicationes Mathematicae. 6: 290–297. In Igy irtok ti, or This is How You Write, Frigyes Karinthy But there is one story, entitled “Lancszemek,” or “Chains,” that deserves our attention Karinthy’s 1929 insight that people are linked by at most five links was the first published appearance of the concept we know today as “six degrees of separation.” He [Stanley Milgram] did not seem to have been aware of the body of work on networks in graph theory and most likely had never heard of Erdős and Rényi. He is known to have been influenced by the work of Ithel de Sole Pool of MIT and Manfred Kochen of IBM, who circulated manuscripts about the small world problem within a group of colleagues for decades without publishing them, because they felt they had never “broken the back of the problem.” Think about the small world problem of published research. We don’t have a social search engine so we may never know the real number with total certainty. Facebook has fixed this in the erstwhile. As of 2016 it’s down to 3.57 degrees of separation google the n-gram of this word to see it’s incidence over time. How frequent was it when this book was written? It was apparently a thing beginning in the mid 1960’s. Mark Newman, a physicist at the Santa Fe Institute… had already written several papers on small worlds that are now considered classics. Therefore, Watts and Strogatz’s most important discovery is that clustering does not stop at the boundary of social networks. To explain the ubiquity of clustering in most real networks, Watts and Strogatz offered an alternative to Erdős and Rényi’s random network model in their 1998 study published in Nature. The most intriguing result of our Web-mapping project was the complete absence of democracy, fairness, and egalitarian values on the Web. We learned that the topology of the Web prevents us from seeing anything but a mere handful of the billion documents out there. Do Facebook and Twitter subvert some of this effect? What types of possible solutions could this give to the IndieWeb for social networking models with healthier results? On the Web, the measure of visibility is the number of links. The more incoming links pointing to your Webpage, the more visible it is. […] Therefore, the liklihood that a typical document links to your Webpage is close to zero. The hubs are the strongest argument against the utopian vision of an egalitarian cyberspace. […] In a collective manner, we somehow create hubs, Websites to which everyone links. They are very easy to find, no matter where you are on the Web. Compared to these hubs, the rest of the Web is invisible. Every four years the United States inaugurates a new social hub–the president. But every time an 80/20 rule truly applies, you can bet that there is a power law behind it. […] Power laws rarely emerge in systems completely dominated bya roll of the dice. Physicists have learned that most often they signal a transition from disorder to order. If the disorder to order is the case, then what is the order imposed by earthquakes which apparently work on a power law distribution? Leo Kadanoff, a physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana, had a sudden insight: In the vicinity of the critical point we need to stop viewing atoms separately. Rather, they should be considered communities that act in unison. Atoms must be replaced by boxes of atoms such that within each box all atoms behave as one. Kenneth Wilson […] submitted simultaneously on June 2, 1971, and published in November of the same year by Physical Review B, turned statistical physics around. The proposed an elegant and all-encompassing theory of phase transitions. Wilson took the scaling ideas developed by Kadanoff and molded them into a powerful theory called renormalization. The starting point of his approach was scale invariance: He assumed that in the vicinity of the critical point the laws of physics applied in an identical manner at all scales, from single atoms to boxes containing millions of identical atoms acting in unison. By giving rigorous mathematical foundation to scale invariance, his theory spat out power laws each time he approached the critical point, the place where disorder makes room for order. The random model of Erdős and Rényi rests on two simple and often disregarded assumptions. First, we start with an inventory of nodes. Having all the nodes available from the beginning, we assume that the number of nodes is fixed and remains unchanged throughout the network’s life. Second, all nodes are equivalent. Unable to distinguish between the nodes, we link them randomly to each other. These assumptions were unquestioned in over forty years of network research. Both in the Erdős-Rényi and Watts-Strogatz models assumed that we have a fixed number of nodes that are wired together in some clever way. The networks generated by these models are therefore static, meaning that the number of nodes remains unchanged during the network’s life. In contrast, our examples suggested that for real networks the static hypothesis is not appropriate. Instead, we should incorporate growth into our network models. It demonstrated, however, that growth alone cannot explain the emergence of power laws. They are hubs. The better known they are, the more links point to them. The more links they attract, the easier it is to find them on the Web and so the more familiar we are with them. […] The bottom line is that when deciding where to link on the Web, we follow preferential attachment: When choosing between two pages, one with twice as many links as the other, about twice as many people link to the more connected page. While our individual choices are highly unpredictable, as a group we follow strict patterns. The model is very simple, as growth and preferential attachment lead to an algorithm defined by two straightforward rules: A. Growth: For each given period of time we add a new node to the network. This step underscores the fact that networks are assembled one node at a time. B. Preferential attachment: We assume that each new node connects to the existing nodes with two links. The probability that it will chose a given node is proportional to the numver of links the chosen node has. That is, given the choice between two nodes, one with twice as many links as the other, it is twice as likely that the new node will connect to the more connected node. The how and why remain for each are of application though. In Hollywood, 94 percent of links are internal, formed when two established actors work together for the first time. These shifts in thinking created a set of opposites: static versus growing, random versus scale-free, structure versus evolution. […] Does the presence of power laws imply that real networks are the result of a phase transition from disorder to order? The answer we’ve arrived at is simple: Networks are not en route from a random to an ordered state. Neither are they at the edge of randomness and chaos. Rather, the scale-free topology is evidence of organizing principles acting at each stage of the network formation process. There is little mystery here, since growth and preferential attachment can explain the basic features of the networks see in nature. No matter how large and complex a network becomes, as long as preferential attachment and growth are present it will maintain its hub-dominated scale-free topology. The introduction of fitness does not eliminate growth and preferential attachment, the two basic mechanisms governing network evolution. It changes, however, what is considered attractive in a competitive environment. In the scale-free model, we assumed that a node’s attractiveness was determined solely by it’s number of links. In a competitive environment, fitness also plays a role: Nodes with higher fitness are linked to more frequently. A simple way to incorporate fitness into the scal-free model is to assume that preferential attachment is driven by the product of the node’s fitness and the number of links it has. Each new node decides where to link by comparing the fitness connectivity product of all available nodes and linking with a higher probability to those that have a higher product and therefore are more attractive. Bianconi’s calculation s first confirmed our suspicion that in the presence of fitness the early bird is not necessarily the winner. Rather, fitness is in the driver’s seat, making or breaking the hubs. But there was a indeed a precise mathematical mapping between the fitness model of a Bose gas. According to this mapping, each node in the network corresponds to an energy level in the Bose gas. …in some networks, the winner can take all. Just as in a Bose-Einstein condensate all particles crowd into the the lowest energy level, leaving the rest of the energy levels unpopulated, in some networks the fittest node could theoretically grab all the links, leaving none for the rest of the nodes. The winner takes all. But even though each system, from the Web to Hollywood, has a unique fitness distribution, Bianconi’s calculation indicated that in terms of topology all networks fall into one of only two possible categories. […] The first category includes all networks in which, despite the fierce competition for links, the scale-free topology survives. These networks display a fit-get-rich behavior, meaning that the fittest node will inevitably grow to beome the biggest hub. The winner’s lead is never significant, however. The largest hub is closely followed by a smaller one, which acquires almost as many links as the fittest node. Ata any moment we have a hierarchy of nodes whose degree distribution follows a power law. In most complex networks, the power laws and the fight for links thus are not antagonistic but can coexist peacefully. In […] the second category, the winner takes all, meaning tht the fittest node grabs all the links, leaving very little for the rest of the nodes. Such networks develop a star topology. […] A winner-takes-all network is not scale-free. …the western blackout highlighted an often ignored property of complex networks: vulnerability due to interconnectivity Yet, if the number of removed nodes reaches a critical point, the system abruptly breaks into tiny unconnected islands. Computer simulations we performed on networks generated by the scale-free model indicated that a significant fraction of nodes can be randomly removed from any scale-free network without its breaking apart. …percolation theory, the field of physics that developed a set of tools that now are widely used in studies of random networks. …they set out to calculate the fraction of nodes that must be removed from an arbitrarily chosen network, random or scale-free, to break it into pieces. On one hand, their calculation accounted for the well-known result that random networks fall apart after a critical number of nodes have been removed. On the other hand, they found that for scale-free networks the critical threshold disapears in cases where the degree exponent is smaller or equal to three. Disable a few of the hubs and a scale-free network will fall to pieces in no time. If, however, a drug or an illness shuts down the genes encoding the most connected proteins, the cell will not survive. Obviously, the likelihood that a local failure will handicap the whole system is much higher if we perturb the most-connected nodes. This was supported by the findings of Duncan Watts, from Columbia University, who investigated a model designed to capture the generic features of cascading failures, such as power outages, and the opposite phenomenon, the cascading popularity of books, movies, and albums, which can be described within the same framework. If a new product passes the crucial test of the innovators, based on their recommendation, the early adopters will pick it up. What, if any, role is played by the social network in the spread of a virus or an innovation? In 1954, Elihu Katz, a researcher at the Bureau of Applied Social Research at columbia University, circulated a proposal to study the effect of social ties on behavior. When it came to the spread of tetracyclin, the doctors named by three or more other doctors as friends were three times more likely to adopt the new drug than those who had not been named by anybody. Hubs, often referred to in marketing as “opinion leaders,” “power users,” or “influencers,” are individuals who communicate with more people about a certain product than does the average person. Aiming to explain the disappearance of some fads and viruses and the spread of others, social scientists and epidemiologists developed a very useful tool called the threshold model. any relation to Granovetter? …critical threshold, a quantity determined by the properties of the network in which the innovation spreads. For decades, a simple but powerful paradigm dominated our treatment of diffusion problems. If we wanted to estimate the probability that an innovation would spread, we needed only to know it’s spreading rate and the critical threshold it faced. Nobody questioned this paradigm. Recently, however, we have learned that some viruses and innovations are oblivious to it. On the Internet, computers are not connected to each other randomly. In scale-free networks the epidemic threshold miraculously vanished! Hubs are among the first infected thanks to their numerous sexual contacts. Once infected, they quickly infect hundreds of others. If our sex web formed a homogeneous, random, network, AIDS might have died out long ago. The scale-free topology at AIDS’s disposal allowed the virus to spread and persist. As we’ve established, hubs play a key role in these processes. Their unique role suggest a bold but cruel solution: As long as resources are finite we should treat only the hubs. That is, when a treatment exists but there is not enough money to offer it to everybody who needs it, we should primarily give it to the hubs. (Pastor-Satorras and Vespignani; and Zoltan Dezso) Are we prepared to abandon the less connected patients for the benefit of the population at large? They [Michalis Faloutsos, Petros Faloutsos, and Christos Faloutsos] found that the connectivity distribution of the Internet routers follows a power law. In their seminar paper “On Power-Law Relationship of the Internet Topology” they showed that the Internet […] is a scale-free network. Routers offering more bandwidth likely have more links as well. […] This simple effect is a possible source of preferential attachment. We do not know for sure whether it is the only one, but preferential attachment is unquestionably present on the Internet. After many discussions and tutorials on how computers communicate, a simple but controversial idea emerged: parasitic computing. Starting from any page (on the Internet), we can reach only about 24 percent of all documents. If you want to go from A to D, you can start from node A, then go to node B, which has a link to node C, which points to D. But you can’t make a round-trip. Not necessarily the case with bidirectional webmentions. [Cass] Sustein fears that by limiting access to conflicting viewpoints, the emerging online universe encourages segregation and social fragmentation. Indeed, the mechanisms behind social and political isolation on the Web are self-reinforcing. Looks like we’ve known this for a very long time! Sadly it’s coming to a head in the political space of 2016 onward. Communities are essential components of human social history. Granovetter’s circles of friends, the elementary building blocks of communities, pointed to this fact. […] early indications that Facebook could be a thing… One reason is that there are no sharp boundaries between various communities. Indeed, the same Website can belong simultaneously to different groups. For example, a physicist’s Webpage might mix links to physics, music, and mountain climbing, combining professional interests with hobbies. In which community should we place such a page? The size of communities also varies a lot. For example, while the community interested in “cryptography” is small and relatively easy to locate, the one consisting of devotees of “English literature” is much harder to identify and fragmented into many subcommunities ranging from Shakespeare enghusiasts to Kurt Vonnegut fans. Search for this type of community problem is an NP complete problem. This section may be of interest to Brad Enslen and Kicks Condor. Cross reference research suggested by Gary Flake, Steve Lawrence, and Lee Giles from NEC. Such differences in the structure of competing communities have important consequences for their ability to market and organize themselves for a common cause. He continues to talk about how the pro-life movement is better connected and therefore better equipped to fight against the pro-choice movement. Code–or software–is the bricks and mortar of cyberspace. The architecture is what we build, using the code as building blocks. The great architects of human history, from Michelangelo to Frank Lloyd Wright, demonstrated that, whereas raw materials are limited, the architectural possibilities are not. Code can curtail behavior, and it does influence architecture. It does not uniquely determine it, however. Added on November 3, 2018 at 5:26 PM Yes, we do have free speech on the Web. Chances are, however, that our voices are too weak to be heard. pages with only a few incoming links are impossible to find by casual browsing. Instead, over and over we are steered toward the hubs. It is tempting to believe that robots can avoid this popularity-driven trap. Facebook and Twitter applications? Algorithms help to amplify “unheard” voices to some extent, but gamifying the reading can also get people to read more (crap) than they were reading before because it’s so easy. Your ability to find my Webpage is determined by one factor only: its position on the Web. Facebook takes advantage of this with their algorithm Thus the Web’s large-scale topology–that is, its true architecture–enforces more severe limitations on our behavior and visibilityon the Web than government or industry could ever achieve by tinkering with the code. Regulations come and go, but the topology and the fundamental natural laws governing it are time invariant. As long as we continue to delegate to the individual the choice of where to link, we will not be able to significantly alter the Web’s large-scale topology, and we will have to live with the consequences. After selling Alexa to Amazon.com in 1999 Brewster Kahle’s Alexa Internet company is apparently the root of the Amazon Alexa? To return to our car analogy, it is… Where before? I don’t recall this at all. Did it get removed from the text? ref somewhere about here… personalized medicine After researching the available databases, we settled on a new one, run by the Argonne National Laboratory outside Chicago, nicknamed “What Is There?” which compiled the matabolic network of forty-three diverse organisms. …for the vast majority of organisms the ten most-connected molecules are the same. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is almost always the biggest hub, followed closely by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and water. A key prediction of the scale-free model is that nodes with a large number of links are those that have been added early to the network. in terms of metabolism this would imply that the most connected molecules should be the oldest ones within the cell. […] Therefore, the first mover advantage seems to pervade the emergence of life as well. Comparing the metabolic network of all forty-three organisms, we found that only 4 percent of the molecules appear in all of them. Developed by Stanley Fields in 1989, the two-hybrid method offers a relatively rapid semiautomated technique for detecting protein-protein interactions. They [the results of work by Oltvai, Jeong, Barabasi, Mason (2000)] demonstrated that the protein interaction network has a scale-free topology. …the cell’s scale-free topology is a result of a common mistake cells make while reproducing. In short, it is now clear that the number of genes is not proportional to our perceived complexity. We have learned that a sparse network of a few powerful directors controls all major appointments in Fortune 1000 companies; […] Regardless of industry and scope, the network behind all twentieth century corporations has the same structure: It is a tree, where the CEO occupies the root and the bifurcating branches represent the increasingly specialized and nonoverlapping tasks of lower-level managers and workers. Responsibility decays as you move down the branches, ending with the drone executors of orders conceived at the roots. Only for completely top down , but what about bottom up or middle out? We have gotten to the point that we can produce anything that we can dream of. The expensive question now is, what should that be? It is a fundamental rethinking of how to respond to the new business environment in the postindustrial era, dubbed the information economy. This is likely late, but certainly an early instance of “information economy” in popular literature. Therefore, companies aiming to compete in a fast-moving marketplace are shifting from a static and optimized tree into a dynamic and evolving web, offering a more malleable, flexible command structure. While 79 percent of directors serve on only one board, 14 percent serve on two, and about 7 percent serve on three or more. Indeed, the number of companies that entered in partnership with exactly k other institutions, representing the number of links they have within the network, followed a power law, the signature of a scale-free topology. Makes me wonder if the 2008 economic collapse could have been predicted by “weak” links? As research, innovation, product development, and marketing become more and more specialized and divorced from each other, we are converging to a network economy in which strategic alliances and partnerships are the means for survival in all industries. This is troubling in the current political climate where there is little if any trust or truth being spread around by the leader of the Republican party. As Walter W. Powell writes in Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization, “in markets the standard strategy is to drive the hardest possible bargain on the immediate exchange. In networks, the preferred option is often creating indebtedness and reliance over the long haul.” Therefore, in a network economy, buyers and suppliers are not competitors but partners. The relationship between them is often very long lasting and stable. Trump vs. Trump The stability of these links allows companies to concentrate on their core business. If these partnerships break down, the effects can be severe. Most of the time failures handicap only the partners of the broken link. Occasionally, however, they send ripples through the whole economy. As we will see next, macroeconomic failures can throw entire nations into deep financial disarray, while failures in corporate partnerships can severly damage the jewels of the new economy. In some sense this predicts the effects of the 2008 downturn. early use of the word? A me attitude, where the companies immediate financial balance is the only factor, limits network thinking. Not understanding how the actions of one node affect other nodes easily cripples whole segments of the network. Hierarchical thinking does not fit a network economy. We must help eliminate the need and desire of the nodes to form links to terrorist organizations by offering them a chance to belong to more constructive and meaningful webs. And for poverty and gangs as well as immigration. “Their work has a powerful philosophy: “revelation through concealment.” By hiding the details they allow us to focus entirely on the form. The wrapping sharpens our vision, making us more aware and observant, turning ordinary objects into monumental sculptures and architectural pieces. not too dissimilar to the font I saw today for memory improvement

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All Clover Dairies sustainably recycle 100% of their manure and incorporate management plans. Many of our dairies have manure separators that separate the liquids and solids. The liquids are stored in an irrigation pond and applied as fertilizer to pastures and/or crops. The solids can be composted and used to enhance the soil and capture carbon or dried and used as bedding. Dried manure is often cooler, dryer and more comfortable than alternative bedding materials like sand. We made a conscious commitment to support renewable and post-consumer recycled (PCR content) packaging innovation, as well as waste and recycling management. We’ve saved approximately 340,000 lbs of plastic annually by making sustainable decisions on our packaging. We’ve saved 240,000 pounds of plastic through jug reduction and reused 100,000 pounds. Additionally, we use balers to help bundle the wrap for product pallets, saving 140,000 lbs of plastic annually. In 2021-2022, we reduced water usage in our plant by 750,000 gallons. We were the first U.S. dairy to switch to 100% plant-based, renewable cartons. Our new renewable carton is made from a combination of FSC paperboard that is sourced from trees and bioplastic that is sourced from sugarcane (which can be re-grown). As defined under American Humane: 1. Freedom from hunger and thirst 2. Freedom from discomfort 3. Freedom from pain, injury or disease 4. Freedom from fear and distress 5. Freedom to express normal behaviors At Clover, we have held a longstanding belief in the humane treatment of animals. So much so that we were the first dairy ever certified by American Humane. What makes American Humane Certified farms different: What makes AHC Certified farms different: - Zero tolerance of animal abuse - A safe environment for each animal - Extensive employee training - A herd health plan overseen by a veterinarian and nutritionist - Annual farm audits - Strict adherence to the five freedoms of animal welfare The cows are milked by a machine. Machine milking is actually the best, most humane way to milk a cow; the pulsing, rest phase, and vacuum levels are very carefully calibrated. They’re also typically cleaner than human hands, preventing potential bacteria from spreading from cow to cow. The machines also sense when the milking is complete and are automatically removed. Absolutely. Our Clover cows are out on pasture as many days a year that weather permits. Luckily, here in Northern California, that’s quite a lot! Due to seasonality and an increasing lack of rainfall, it’s nearly impossible to raise 100% grass fed dairy cows in California without a significant amount of irrigation. Our cows are out on pasture as much as they can be, but their feed is supplemented with forages such as alfalfa, grain hays and silage, by products like almond hulls, grains such as corn, oats, and barley, as well as minerals/vitamins, among other ingredients to support the nutritional requirements of a dairy cow. As such, our dairy products are not made from 100% grass-fed cows. Our dairies harvest grasses when they are growing rapidly in the spring and turn them into silage and hays. Then, they feed the preserved forages to the cows during other parts of the year. Pasture is the main source of feed for our organic cows during grazing/pasture season. When the grass dries up, or the pasture is too wet, it is only humane to bring in additional nutritional needs directly to the cows. In addition to grasses from pasture, hay, or silage, cows also need some additional nutrition , so the dairies add other feeds for the carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements that are not available in the forages. Those concentrate feeds could be corn, wheat, or barley. Our dairies also incorporate by-products such as almond hulls, rice bran, cottonseed, soybean meal, distiller’s grains, and beet pulp as feed for cows instead of ending up as waste in landfills! It varies by farm. Most people use artificial insemination because they are able to improve the health and milk production of future generations through proven genetics. Most dairies work closely with a breeder — someone who works for a breeding company who is trained to identify the proper bulls to ensure the safety and health of the mother and calf. Calves are cared for with the utmost attention from the moment they are born. For the health and safety of the calves, they are moved into individual pens but always within sight and sound of other calves. Our dairy farms are audited and certified by American Humane, which requires the calves be taken to a warm protected area shortly after birth, where they are closely monitored to receive the proper amount of colostrum and ensure they don’t show any signs of illness. Once our calves have been given the “green light,” they enter a group pen with other calves. Each calf is very important, which is why we strive to keep them as safe, healthy, and protected as possible. Calves are fed milk or milk replacers for the early months of their lives. Calves are also offered grain and hay to help with their stomach development. In accordance with American Humane standards, we care for all of our calves (male or female) in the same manner. This includes a stable and healthy start on milk that is rich with colostrum. They are then taken to a dry, warm, protected environment where they can be closely monitored to make certain that they are getting the proper amount of food and are not showing any signs of illness. After the male calves are stable and well, they are then moved to farms that specialize in raising bulls. All Clover Dairies sustainably recycle 100% of their manure and incorporate management plans. Many of our dairies have manure separators that separate the liquids and solids. The liquids are stored in an irrigation pond and applied as fertilizer to pastures and/or crops. The solids can be composted and used to enhance the soil and capture carbon or dried and used as bedding. All of the cows that produce Clover milk come from the 30 family-owned and operated farms that we partner with. These farms are scattered about in beautiful Northern California, primarily in Sonoma and Marin Counties. At this time, we do not offer public tours of our facilities and our family farmers do not offer tours of their independently owned farms. If you’d like to learn more about the relationship we have with our family farmers, please click here. If you’d like to learn more about our facilities as it relates to social and environmental impact, please click here. Ingredients Health and Safety Vitamin A is added only to our nonfat, low fat and reduced fat milks, not whole milk. Federal law requires Vitamin A to be added to milk lower in fat than whole milk. This is to replace the Vitamin A removed when fat is separated. Yes. We add Vitamin D3 to our milk. The reason for this goes back to the early twentieth century, when many children suffered from rickets, a childhood bone disorder caused by not getting enough vitamin D. Scientists discovered that milk’s minerals, like calcium, play a role in bone and teeth development. They also discovered that vitamin D is needed to help calcium get absorbed — and therefore help prevent rickets. It is not mandatory in the US to add Vitamin D to milk. We source from dairies that have both A1 and A2 cows. A majority of the cows on our family farms are Holsteins, which typically produce a mixture of A1 and A2 milk. Clover Sonoma is very concerned about maintaining the safety of our dairy products for use by our consumers with allergies. To protect our products from allergens cross-contact, we follow Federal Guidelines and proper good manufacturing practices. Each facility and production line has written protocols for receipt, storage and use of any allergens. All employees that are involved are initially trained and then receive refresher training each year on safe allergen management. For more information about specific products fill out the form here. Our ultra-pasteurized products are run on shared equipment with Almond and Coconut (tree nuts), but no peanuts. Our other products (Yogurt, Kefir, Sour Cream, Cottage Cheese, Cheese, Butter, and Eggs) may come from facilities that contain peanuts/tree nuts where there could be shared equipment for the manufacturer of allergen and non-allergen products. All Clover Sonoma products are gluten-free. All Clover Sonoma products are certified kosher. Non-GMO and Organic Questions All milk is free from genetically modified organisms by definition. Organic milk ensures that all feed consumed by dairy cows does not contain genetically modified DNA. Homogenization and Pasteurization All Clover Sonoma products are pasteurized, with the exception of our shell eggs. Our fresh pasteurized milk is heated to at least 161 fahrenheit for at least 15 seconds. Our ultra-pasteurized milk is heated to at least 280 degrees Fahrenheit for 2-5 seconds. We are proud to offer both fresh pasteurized and ultra-pasteurized (UHT) milk options. On the carton, UHT milk is labeled as “ultra-pasteurized” and fresh pasteurized is labeled simply as “pasteurized”. Most of our fluid milk products are homogenized to prevent separation. To prevent damage to the fat molecules, our heavy whipping cream is not homogenized. Our Stance on Growth Hormone rBST and Antibiotics Like human beings, cows can get sick to a point that antibiotics are required, but this is typically a last resort for most farmers. For conventional herds, if a cow is treated with antibiotics, their systems must be completely cleared of antibiotics before re-entering the milking herd. For organic herds, if an organic cow is treated with antibiotics, she cannot rejoin the organic herd, and typically moves to a conventional herd. Never. Here at Clover we say no to the bad stuff, and that includes the artificial growth hormone rBST. All of our farms have signed contracts guaranteeing that this hormone will never be used. In fact, in 1994 Clover became the first dairy west of the Mississippi to turn down Monsanto and the synthetic growth hormone rBST. (See Clover Promise of Excellence) Storage and Quality Control All of our fluid milk products are stamped with a sell-by date. We recommend consuming most dairy products within about a week of opening on or before a sell-by date. Most of our non-fluid milk products are “enjoy-by” or “best-by.” If you’ve purchased our ultra-pasteurized milk, you may notice that the sell-by date is farther away than you’re used to. Ultra-pasteurized milk has a longer shelf-life (70 days) whereas fresh-pasteurized has a shelf life of less (21 days). To determine if your milk is ultra-pasteurized, check near the top of the milk carton or next to the ingredient panel, which will clearly indicate whether or not the milk is ultra-pasteurized. This usually happens if the milk reached a temperature above 41 degrees F at some point in its life-cycle. If your milk spoiled within a day or two after purchase, there may have been some mishandling and/or storage practices within the store that caused the milk to reach a temperature beyond 41 degrees F. If you’ve had the milk home for several days, and then it began to spoil, we recommend double-checking that your refrigerator temperature setting is between 34-38 degrees F. We are more than happy to reimburse you for any product that spoils early, we just ask that you fill out our product concern form, which will ask specific questions found on the packaging. Cheese typically keeps for many months if air is excluded from the surface of the cheese. If the seal of the package is compromised, mold spores and air can get into the package and the mold starts to multiply rapidly. We are more than happy to reimburse you for any cheese that has grown mold or spoiled early, all we ask is that you fill out our product concern form. Please click here, for the form. Yes, all four of our yogurt lines — Low Fat Traditional, Nonfat Greek, Whole Milk Greek, and Cream on Top have live active cultures. Our Cream on Top yogurt is non-homogenized, meaning that we don’t blend or mix up the cream, resulting in natural separation where the cream rises to the top! Whey is a byproduct of the culturing of milk. The addition of yogurt cultures to milk causes the breakdown of milk sugar. The cultured milk then goes through a separation process that removes the whey from the curds. Greek yogurt goes through an authentic straining process, which separates the yogurt from the whey making a thicker, higher protein yogurt. European Style butter has a higher percentage of butterfat at approximately 82% butter fat vs. 80% found in traditional butter. Lactic acid is used to develop flavor and aroma during the butter production process. Depending on their nutritional requirements, our hens have slightly different diets. Our egg suppliers work closely with veterinarians and nutritionists to ensure our chickens receive the proper nutrients required. Our cage free hens have a vegetarian diet that consists of a combination of grain, protein supplements, vitamins and minerals. Our organic cage free hens receive a similar diet, though all ingredients are Organic certified. Both have a diet that is 100% vegetarian. Our pasture raised hens spend much of their time digging through pasture for grass, bugs, and worms, coupled with a supplemental grain blend to support their active lifestyle. Yes, our egg suppliers trim beaks to prevent serious injury. To prevent sharpness of the beak hook, an infrared beak tipping process is used when they are one day old. This does not affect the hen long term. Eggs should always be refrigerated at 45 degrees Fahrenheit or lower if possible. A cold egg left out at room temperature can sweat, facilitating the growth of bacteria that could contaminate the egg. Refrigerated eggs should not be left out more than two hours. Reducing temperature fluctuation is critical to egg safety. Yes. Our eggs come from hens that have access to an indoor cage free aviary system. Our organic cage free flock has access to the outdoors when weather permits. Our free range hens have housing that gives them daytime access to the outdoors (at least 21.8 sq. ft. per hen) and nighttime barn shelter. And of course, our pasture-raised hens have at minimum 108.9 sq. ft. per hen of cage-free living. We feed our hens a diet that is rich in Omega-3 and flax seed, which is then naturally passed along into their egg production. Cage Free vs. Organic Cage Free: Cage free hens live in an indoor cage-free aviary system, whereas our organic cage-free hens have both an indoor aviary system as well as outdoor access when weather permits. Organic cage free hens are also fed a diet that is in compliance with USDA Certified Organic standards. Organic Cage Free vs. Organic Pasture Raised: While Organic cage-free hens have both indoor and outdoor access monitored by USDA Certified Organic, Pasture-raised organic hens have that and an additional requirement to have at least 108.9 sq ft. of room per hen. Both consume only USDA Certified Organic feed. Packaging and Recycling No, our renewable carton is not compostable. It can, however, be recycled as long as your waste hauler accepts it. Every waste hauler has different types of processing equipment as well as end markets for materials. While a majority of US households (61%) have access to carton recycling, there are still a number of waste haulers who are unable to take this material. A great resource to confirm recycling in your area is the Carton Council website – https://www.recyclecartons.com/. Please always make sure to rinse and dry your recyclables before placing them in the bin! Yes, our new renewable carton is recyclable, as long as your local waste hauler accepts it. Every waste hauler has different types of processing equipment as well as end markets for materials. While a majority of US households (61%) have access to carton recycling, there are still a number of waste haulers who are unable to take this material. A great resource to confirm recycling in your area is the Carton Council website – https://www.recyclecartons.com/. Please always make sure to rinse and dry your recyclables before placing them in the bin! Producing one new glass bottle requires an incredible amount of energy and fuel making it a less efficient option than paperboard cartons. Additionally, glass bottles must be returned in order to get multiple uses out of them. Unless a glass bottle is reused 4 – 5 times, it underperforms paperboard cartons. Glass is considerably heavier than paper to transport, requiring more fuel for each trip. Yes, our yogurt cups, kefir bottles and cottage cheese and sour cream packages cups are considered recyclable. However, the eligibility of recycling these materials depends on your county. We are committed to pursuing packaging improvements that minimize downstream environmental impacts, while maintaining strict food safety standards. Please always rinse and dry before you recycle, and make sure to attach the lid to the cup! Yes, our milk cartons are recyclable in most counties. They are not compostable because of the thin plastic liner on the inside and outside of the carton. A great resource to confirm recycling in your area is the carton council website https://www.recyclecartons.com/. Please always make sure to rinse and dry your recyclables before placing them in the bin! Our products can be found at major grocery, natural and independent stores throughout California. We partner with online retailers like Good Eggs, Instacart, Amazon Fresh and Farmstead Fresh, but do not sell any of our products through our website at this time. Please visit our “Where To Buy” page.

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Crested Butte has pulled its summer ads as businesses struggle to accommodate crowds. A Telluride councilwoman wants to redirect tourism funding toward housing. The Colorado Tourism Office is without a leader. Chaffee County commissioners rejected a 20,000-person annual music festival. Angst over tourism is growing as mountain communities emerge from crowd-restricting pandemic closures. Overlapping waves of visitors and new residents are amplifying an unprecedented labor shortage and housing crunch. And with that seasonal distress comes a growing call to silence the statewide promotion of Colorado as a vacation wonderland. “It’s a carrying capacity issue,” said Geneva Shaunette, a Telluride town council member who wants to redirect $2 million a year to workforce housing from tourism-campaign spending. “With the drastic situation we are experiencing with housing and a lack of employees we simply cannot handle that many people. We need to ease off the gas of marketing. Telluride already is on the map. The whole ‘Come to Telluride because how great it is,’ we physically can’t handle that anymore. And we have many better and more important things to spend our money on.” Tourism is in the crosshairs in mountain towns in Colorado while state economic development champions are offering a total of $10 million to organizers who bring groups and events to the state. Vacationers are pouring into Colorado resort communities, and overworked and underhoused locals feel the crowds are pushing their valleys beyond capacity. Resort town tourism leaders, who long ago began transitioning away from pure marketing toward resource-protecting destination stewardship, are adjusting their messages to not just the visitors, but also locals. And many of the state’s 100-plus Destination Marketing Organizations — or DMOs — are finding themselves defending the role of tourism in economies that were created by vacationing visitors. “Tourism, like any industry, should be evolving, and I think the evolution now is how do we amplify the positive things about tourism and mitigate the negative impacts that come with it. That becomes the new role of the DMMO,” said Lucy Kay, a Colorado tourism industry veteran who directs the Breckenridge Tourism Office, which a few years ago rebranded itself as a destination marketing management organization, or DMMO. “Where do we draw that balance?” The questions surrounding tourism promotion are not unique to Colorado. Hawaii lawmakers are battling with the state’s governor over the future of tourism funding amid complaints of overcrowding. Sedona, Arizona, officials have paused marketing efforts. European destinations are struggling with mass tourism as cruise ships and visitors flock. And tourism champions, who years ago began taking on a role as destination stewards, are fighting to defend their industry’s economic contributions. Traditional tourism marketing — a scattershot invite to as many visitors as possible — is long gone. Today, marketing efforts target visitors who spend more and arrive during slower periods. And this year, destination marketing groups are spending more time talking with locals and enlisting residents to shape how communities can balance tourism with the lifestyle that makes mountain towns such attractive places to live. “I believe all of these mountain towns that are being quote-unquote ‘destroyed’ by visitors, they are at a crossroads right now,” said Telluride Tourism boss Michael Martelon. “If they make the right decision, working on sustainability and collaboration, it can make their future forever, and if they make the wrong decision, it will change their future forever.” Destination marketing to management The conversations around the role of tourism in hot-spot destinations is not new. Sustainable tourism has been the buzz for several years. But the pandemic-spurred migration toward outdoor recreation in Colorado’s high country, coupled with growing numbers of people moving to mountain towns, has amplified the focus on how destinations market themselves and manage tourists. Destination marketing organizations have spent the past several years moving toward managing visitor impacts. Ads, social media campaigns and messages have focused on embracing local culture and protecting natural resources — like the state tourism office’s Leave No Trace ads. The idea is to lay out local expectations for visitors before they arrive. “So people can understand what’s important in these communities,” said Breckenridge’s Kay. All DMOs across Colorado are talking about how they can better manage both visitors and local resident expectations. They are critical intermediaries between vacationers and residents, Kay said. “We are in the best position to connect guest expectations, guest reviews and resident sentiments,” said Kay, whose recent Breckenridge work shares information about fire safety and consults locals on better management of the town’s busiest days. “We are finding our new space and seeing how much the pendulum may swing toward management.” In the private sector, businesses easily link marketing with operations. That is difficult in the public sector, Kay said, where elected leaders, local city staff and lodging-tax supported tourism boards have to work together to support a visitor-based economy. The Gunnison Crested Butte Tourism Association in 2019 changed its name to the Tourism and Prosperity Partnership as part of an expansion beyond tourism promotion to include broadening the economic base of the region, encouraging sustainable tourism and supporting Gunnison’s Western Colorado University. That focus on valley health and prosperity made it “a no brainer” to kill summer ads and direct funds toward more critical uses, said John Norton, the partnership’s executive director and longtime Colorado tourism industry veteran. “We have the option to spend more in other directions and stay within our mission,” Norton said. “All we are doing is recognizing that we are not put on earth to keep building business and building business and stressing people out. This is less of an anti-guest issue than it is a capacity issue. At this time, we are at capacity. We do not need to throw more gasoline on the fire.” A recent survey of mountain town residents detailing the impact of new residents in high country communities suggested local governments could reallocate marketing and tourism money toward housing. “Visitors may always anchor the resort economy, but as these communities add year-round residents, tourism may become a less dominant economic driver,” reads the survey commissioned by the Northwest Colorado Council of Governments and the Colorado Association of Ski Towns. Tweaking the tourism tax in Telluride Telluride town councilwoman Shaunette wants to cancel her town’s lodging tax — which state law says must be directed toward tourism promotion — and install an excise tax on rented homes and hotel rooms that can be used for building affordable housing. There is a growing concern in Telluride, Shaunette said, about how the Telluride Tourism Board spends $2 million a year reaching visitors. “They collect far more money for marketing than we spend on affordable housing,” she said of the lodging tax on roughly 740 short-term rentals and many more hotel rooms in the Telluride and Mountain Village region. “Right now we don’t get to touch that tax money and we don’t get to have influence over how it’s spent. People are upset about that.” Shaunette, who last month offered a proposal to her fellow town council members that would shift tourism taxes toward housing, said Telluride needs to slow down its marketing “because town is overrun by people.” State law requires county lodging taxes to be used “only to advertise and market tourism.” In 2018, Colorado legislation that would have allowed county voters to allow lodging taxes for other uses did not pass. Tourism boosters warn against going dark in the tourism landscape. Other states will pounce and fight for visitors who are considering a trip to Colorado. California Gov. Gavin Newsom, for example, is proposing a $95 million boost to the state’s tourism industry after revenues from Golden State visitors fell to $65 billion in 2020, from a record $145 billion in 2019. “We are going to compete with that,” said Martelon, the president and CEO of the Telluride Tourism Board for the last decade. “Tourism is not an on-and-off light switch.” Martelon suspended Telluride advertising on March 13, 2020, and ran his first ad in late April. This summer, the community’s tourism dollars are focused on messaging to visitors who are already in town, and about flights into the nearby Montrose airport. A sort of mad professor of tourism numbers, Martelon tracks dozens of metrics collected from area businesses along with geo-locating mobile phone data to measure who, where, when of Telluride’s visitors plus how much every vacationer is spending. He draws a distinction between tourism advertising and marketing. Marketing needs to be redefined, he said. Too often people think it means spending money to get more visitors. It’s not about more, Marleton said. “Marketing is putting the desired message in front of the desired audience. That’s consumers who are coming here. Consumers are here. And the locals who live here,” he said. “That messaging for locals is important. A lot of time the locals need reassurance and training as well.” Telluride, like many of Colorado resort destinations, does not use ads or marketing to lure daytrippers, who spend a fraction of the amounts spread by overnight visitors from afar. But day tripping tourists arrived in record numbers last year as mostly Colorado residents escaped urban areas. The flood of new visitors — alongside part-time residents moving full-time into their vacation homes — buoyed sales tax revenues for Telluride and Mountain Village, which were down only 5% in 2020 compared with 2019. So Telluride tourist leaders changed their message to help these newcomers lessen their impacts and “visit right,” Martelon said. The most recent campaigns — focusing on mobile phones within the Telluride area — include messages like “Live Like a Local,” which asks visitors to pick up trash, save water, put out campfires and pick up after their dogs. The recent messaging represents the Telluride Tourism Board’s yearslong transition from marketing into a role where it helps develop and manage the vacation experience alongside local residents, Martelon said. And that “visit right” message, he said, is “needed now more than ever.” “People think we are in a new reality right now and we are not. We are in this freaking limbo where we don’t know where reality is actually going to settle in,” Martelon said. “This is not a new reality. This is a mirage. We don’t know how it’s going to end up. No one does.” Tourism communities need to work with tourism businesses to measure things like the health of the residents, the quality of trails, the traffic on public transportation and the vibrancy of local art and culture, Martelon said. That’s on top of typical measurements, like occupancy rates, lodging revenues and room rates. Tourism and real estate are more than a $1 billion industry in Telluride and supporting it requires only $2 million in tourism management, Martelon said. Most of that is spent reaching overnight visitors, which are down to 217,000 through June 2021, according to Martelon’s early estimates. That compares to 597,000 in all of 2019. Now is not the time to “kill the golden goose,” said Martelon, who sees a dark tourism effort eventually reducing overnight visitors to a level where the Telluride economy relies solely on second-home owners and wealthy residents. “These are not normal times. We are walking on quicksand and should not be making decisions that threaten our economy,” Martelon said. “The Rise and Fall of Colorado Tourism” In May 2020, Colorado lawmakers briefly considered slashing the Colorado Tourism Office’s budget by 87% as the gambling taxes that support tourism marketing in the state collapsed during the early months of the pandemic. Tourism champions across the state rallied to upset a timeworn argument that Colorado sells itself and advertising is unnecessary, ultimately carving out $15.8 million for tourism promotion in the fiscal year 2021, down from $18.6 million in fiscal year 2020. The board that governs the Colorado Tourism Office has not finalized the fiscal 2022 budget. The office spends about $11 million a year on advertising and marketing, roughly 66% of its budget. Almost all of that goes to MMGY Global, the Colorado Tourism Office’s media partner. In 2018, the Colorado Tourism Office spent $8.02 million on ad campaigns. The office’s research shows the state’s national “Come to Life” campaign inspired 2.33 million additional leisure trips to Colorado and an additional $3.84 billion in spending. The office has supported its ad spending by showing every dollar it invests in tourism marketing returns $479 in visitor spending, making its ad campaign among the top five most effective state tourism campaigns in the country. In the last half of 2019, the Colorado Tourism Office spent $2.1 million on a new winter campaign, dubbed “Wow.” Even though the winter season in Colorado was cut short in March 2020 with pandemic closures, the tourism office said its “Wow” campaign inspired 887,000 winter visits that generated $1.73 billion in spending. If COVID-19 had not forced the closure of ski resorts in March, another 107,500 visitors who had seen the campaign were ready to come to Colorado and spend $206 million, according to tourism office research. The tourism office is still compiling its 2020 visitation research detailing the impacts of the pandemic on the state’s tourist industry. Early reports show that Colorado lost $10.8 billion in travel spending between January 2020 and May 2021. In 2019, visitors to Colorado spent $24.2 billion, generating a highest-ever $1.5 billion in local and state taxes. Tourism advocates have reams of research showing big returns on investment in tourism campaigns, including a detailed analysis of the last time the state’s tourism promotion went dark. Colorado voters in 1992 rejected a tourism tax and state lawmakers the next year pulled the plug on vacation marketing. When Colorado tourism promotion funding went from $12 million to zero in a year, the state became a case study showing the value in tourism investment. Colorado’s share of U.S. vacationers fell to 1.6% in 1995, down from 2.7% in 1992. The Colorado tourism industry lost $1.4 billion in those early years and, as the state’s share of American vacationers slipped, the loss grew to more than $2 billion annually before lawmakers reinstated $5 million in tourism funding in 2000. It took nearly 20 years for the state to reach that 2.7% mark again. “The Colorado saga provides a cautionary tale for financial decision-makers who, in these difficult economic times and an unprecedented pandemic, are naturally looking at major cutbacks in all areas, including promotion,” reads an April 2020 note by tourism-tracking Longwoods International founder Bill Siegel introducing his 2006 report “The Rise and Fall of Colorado Tourism.” “It clearly illustrates that marketing is an essential net generator of revenue and profits to the organization, not a cost.” Brady Johnson, the president-elect of Destination Colorado’s board who works as head of sales and marketing for the C Lazy U luxury guest ranch, said the success of the state’s tourism communities last year was built over decades of promotional work. “This is not an overnight success story, like out of nowhere an amazing player gets into the NFL. Well they were not an overnight success story. They have been building up to that point for their whole life,” Johnson said. “The way we have been spending on tourism and our brand for the last 20 years is the same. We have an amazing brand and we have built it up over many years and now is not the time to let off the gas.” The state’s DMOs have spent recent years growing meeting business and driving traffic to so-called shoulder seasons in resort communities. That’s helped create a more year-round tourism business, with groups coming in fall and spring months. Taking out the seasonality in mountain-town tourism traffic helps local businesses keep staff on payrolls for the entire year. That kind of off-season traffic is a result of statewide tourism promotion spending, Johnson said. “We have spent lots of money to get people to focus on our state in a positive way … and give them a year-round ability to enjoy the state,” he said. “It’s a chicken-egg thing. Do these communities exist for the tourists or vice-versa? We need both to be in harmony and it’s a careful balance.” The Colorado Sun has no paywall, meaning readers do not have to pay to access stories. We believe vital information needs to be seen by the people impacted, whether it’s a public health crisis, investigative reporting or keeping lawmakers accountable. This reporting depends on support from readers like you. For just $5/month, you can invest in an informed community.

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The Unit's projects fall into two application areas: Biomolecules & Biomaterials: How to design and produce biomolecules & biomaterials? Agrosystems and the environment: How can biomass be mobilised and managed to ensure the closure of biogeochemical cycles? They are organised into 3 Themes: Theme 1 - Biomass properties: What are the properties of plant biomass and biobased products? Theme 2 - Process/process efficiency: How efficient are plant biomass transformation processes? Theme 3 - Modelling transformations: What models and digital tools are needed to understand and predict plant biomass transformations and the associated impacts? The projects below are classified by type of funder, with the FARE correspondents for each project. France 2030 - PEPR Carbon in continental ecosystems: levers and trajectories for carbon neutrality The Priority Research Programmes and Equipments (PEPR) FairCarboN aims to bring together the entire French scientific community studying carbon in continental ecosystems. FairCarboN will help to determine the possible contribution of continental ecosystems to climate change mitigation. FARE contributes to two targeted FairCarboN projects (ALAMOD and SLAM-B) and leads a laureate project (CANETE) from the first open call for projects (2023) of FairCarboN. Contact FARE : Gwenaëlle LASHERMES Towards carbon dynamics models in ecosystems validated on a key benchmark tool ALAMOD will capitalize on the data produced and the know-how of several research infrastructures that will be heavily involved in the project. It will also mobilize the French community and partners notably in Southern countries that use and develop simulation models of C stock evolution in terrestrial ecosystems. The realization of this federative project will allow the provision of an unprecedented tool for the evaluation of models and of very powerful models, which will guarantee ALAMOD to have very strong impacts in the academic field and beyond. Co-coordinator : Bernard KUREK Scénarios labs pour concevoir et évaluer les trajectoires de bioéconomie des territoires vers la neutralité carbone The SLAM-B project aims to structure the French research community working on IAM (Integrated Assessment and Modelling) approaches to support the development of a sustainable bioeconomy based on agroecology. SLAM-B will consider various components of the bioeconomy and has three main scientific objectives: (i) develop generic IAM approaches to simulate a variety of transitions towards sustainable bioeconomy systems and anticipate their consequences, (ii) validate these IAM approaches through their application within prospective Scenario Labs and, (iii) produce knowledge for public decision-makers at national and European levels. Coordinator : Gwenaëlle LASHERMES Efficiency of microbial use of soil carbon and nutrients in human-managed terrestrial ecosystems The CANETE project aims to assess and predict the physiological responses of microbes to agricultural and forest management practices in different pedoclimatic contexts, with particular focus on the consequences for the coupling/decoupling of C and nutrients (N and P) and the impacts on C and nutrient storage in soil, the nutrient supply to plants, and plant production. The project will identify the ways in which soil microbial communities can be more effectively managed to promote the efficient use of C and nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. The project will generate open data and model frameworks for simulation of the main microbial mechanisms involved, and will produce improved tools and methodology for projections of C and N stocks. |Biomass, biotechnologies, green chemistry and renewable energy technologies The B-BEST PEPR (Biomass, biotechnologies, technologies for green chemistry and renewable energies) is being developed from 2023 to 2029 with a budget of €70 million, and is co-directed by IFPEN and INRAE. Its aim is to bring together the scientific community to lay the foundations for the technical, organisational and social innovations that will make it possible to understand and activate the levers for the efficient transformation of biomass to produce bio-based products and sustainable fuels. Contact FARE : Gabriel PAËS Approach combining analytical tools and machine learning to identify markers and predict bioMass reactivity in enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim of the project is to combine the skills of experts in the fields of data analysis and science to identify markers of enzymatic hydrolysis reactivity and propose a model for predicting the reactivity of lignocellulosic biomass of various origins. Contact FARE : Gabriel PAËS An operational website for the production of biobased products The aim of this project is to provide generic and shared tools and resources for designing, executing and monitoring the projects of the PEPR B-BEST axes. To this end, a centralised website will provide software tools as well as computing and storage resources. Coordinator : Gabriel PAËS Biomass at all scales to understand its properties The aim of the project is to develop multi-scale approaches, for representative biomass species, in order to establish relationships between scales and highlight markers of biomass properties and reactivity. Contacts FARE : Sofiène ABDELLAOUI & Ludovic BESAURY Optimisation of the metabolic network of the electrochemically assisted MICrobiale community for the biorefinery of organic waste The aim of the ElectroMIC project is to develop a bioelectrochemical device using microorganisms capable of converting the organic matter present in wastewater and agricultural by-products into high added-value molecules. Zero Waste Ligno-Cellulosic Bio-Refineries Contact : Bernard KUREK |2016 - 2022 |The ZELCOR project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of converting recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues from biorefineries into high value-added bioproducts. The project concept is to combine chemical and enzymatic catalysis with insect-based bioconversion. It covers three types of recalcitrant materials: lignocellulose from ethanol production, lignins dissolved during the pulping process and humins formed by sugar conversion. A transversal platform will be set up to identify bioproducts of commercial interest among multifunctional nanoparticles, phenolic antioxidants, chitosans of entomological origin and aromatic intermediates. It will improve our knowledge of the structure-function relationships and mechanisms involved in the catalytic depolymerisation and bioconversion of recalcitrant residues. Improved estimation and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions and soil carbon storage from crop residues |2017 - 2021 |Crop residues provide significant inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and contribute to the net GHG balance of soils. N2O emissions from crop residues vary considerably depending on the quality of the residues, their management and the soils and climate. This situation is currently not reflected in the methodology of national emission inventories. The European ResidueGas project (co-fund FACCE ERA-GAS call) will propose an improved methodology for quantifying N2O emissions from the management of agricultural crop residues, for a wide range of crops, taking into account their biochemical composition and their management in the field, for a diversity of soils and climate in Northern Europe. The project is based on the collection of published data, laboratory and field experiments, and modelling. ResidueGas will also propose improved crop residue management practices to improve their net GHG balance. Engineering microbial consortia in microfluidic droplet bioreactors Contact : Véronique AGUIE-BEGHIN Microbial communities (or microbial consortia) play a key role in most fundamental biogeochemical processes. But, surprisingly, their application to biotechnological processes is limited because most biotechnological conversions have favoured single-strain approaches. In this context, the aim of the Eco-Drop project, coordinated by TBI in collaboration with TWB Toulouse and FARE, is to develop a new approach for building simplified microbial consortia that efficiently perform complex functions, instead of using monocultures, and to develop new cell factories. Optimised extraction of anthocyanins from distillers' ground and improvement of their functionality as colour agents and antioxidants Contact : Caroline Rémond The ColorANTH project aims to develop a process for extracting anthocyanins from grape marc by combining microwaves and the use of enzymes. One of the objectives will be to enzymatically modulate the composition and structure of anthocyanins to increase their stability and properties. The spin-offs of the ColorANTH project will be both fundamental (better knowledge of the mechanism of extraction of anthocyanins from grape marc and their structure-properties relationships) and technological (development of a process combining microwaves and enzymes for the extraction of anthocyanins and development of a biocatalytic process for the functionalization of anthocyanins). National Research Agency Projects Design of moLecular AssemBliEs to assess gLycosylation role on hemicellulases activity Contact: Véronique AGUIE-BEGHIN |LABEL project aims to tackle the unexplored question of substrate targeting by post-translational glycosylation of enzymes. LABEL will devise solutions to overcome the experimental challenges and perform experiments to investigate the targeting function. Through this proposal at the interface of enzyme engineering and bioorthogonal chemistry applied to biomass active hemicellulases, we propose an innovative and original approach to generate trackable post-translational modified proteins to provide functional tools required to understand complex biological systems, such as enzymatic biomass deconstruction. Lignin VALorization by BIO-ELECtro-refinery Contact :Sofiène ABDELLAOUI |The VALBIOELEC (Lignin VALorizations by BIO-ELECtro-refinery) project aims to overcome some limitations constraining lignin valorizations through the design and development of bio-electrochemical reactors operating with redox ligninolytic enzymes combined with electrodes. These systems will allow the coupling of enzymatic and electrochemical redox reactions through heterogeneous electron transfers. This coupling will catalyze both the depolymerization and the refining of lignins in order to release homogeneous aromatic molecules. In addition, these reactors will operate as enzymatic fuel cells capable of producing electrical energy. This project will be carried out in collaboration with Michigan State University and the Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology Laboratory of Marseille. Multiscale Analysis and Spatio-temporal Modelling of Deconstruction of Lignocellulosic Biomass Contact : Yassin REFAHI |The conversion of lignocellulose into products such as biofuels and bio-based molecules can be a solution to concerns over growing energy demand and contribute to climate change mitigation. However, lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is naturally recalcitrant to enzymatic deconstruction. Extensive research for understanding the parameters underlying LB recalcitrance has led to the identification of several chemical and physical parameters which not universal and are specific to LB species and/or pretreatment type. Goal of BIOMOD project is to develop an original combination of confocal time-lapse imaging of LB samples during enzymatic hydrolysis, 4D (space + time) image processing, and spatio-temporal modelling to identify universal key structural parameters at cellular and tissular scales correlated with hydrolysis yield. Proof of concept for the functionalization of lignins by applying laccase-deshydrogenase enzymatic treatments in biobased materials applications Contact : Véronique AGUIE-BEGHIN |FuncLIPRO project aims to increase our knowledge of lignin-degrading enzymes (LDEs) and the mechanism of lignin deconstruction and modification. It also aims to provide proof of concept for the use of LDEs to transform these lignins into green adhesives, protective films and new agro-sourced composites. Nanoscale investigations of water effects on wood S2 layer and wood-inspired polymeric nano-systems, combining MD and advanced experiments Contact : Brigitte CHABBERT |The aim of this project is to understand the hygromechanical behavior of moisture-sensitive materials like cellulose-based materials. We use wood as the base natural model and synthetize different wood polymer systems, in order to quantify the physical impact of micro-climatic conditions. We probe the systems systematically, combining experimental characterization and atomistic modeling, and pioneering a meticulous match of the scales of the experimental and in-silico investigations Grand-Est Region, Feder, Fondation Paris-Reims, URCA Projects Manufacture of bio-based multifunctional materials using ternary mixtures Doctoral student : Bao Anh HUYNH Supervisors: Trystan Domenech; Françoise Berzin This project aims to develop biobased multifunctional materials using a ternary blending approach, where nano to macro-sized lignocellulosic particles are dispersed in thermoplastic polymers using melt blending processes. The strategy envisaged includes ternary blends of two immiscible polymers with colloidal particles, as well as ternary blends of two types of particles in a single polymer matrix. The research will be carried out within the framework of the FAREMAT chair, recently awarded to the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne to develop its activity in the field of low environmental impact biomaterials. Multi-scale Modelling of Lignocellulosic Biomass Deconstruction PhD Student : Solmaz HOSSEIN Supervisors : Yassin REFAHI and Gabriel PAËS |The project initially aims to develop a pipeline of computational tools to extract the dynamics of the voxel intensity (volumetric pixel) representing the enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. The extracted values will then be used to estimate the parameters of a spatialized hierarchical kinetic model. A correlation analysis between the temporal evolution of voxel intensities and cell wall composition will allow to propose hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. The genericity of the proposed hypotheses and the model predictions will be studied on different biomass species. Spatialization and dynamics of the physical and chemical properties of crop residues by airborne imaging. PhD Student : Noémie Lafouge Supervisors : Sylvie RECOUS and Brigitte CHABBERT |The RESAERO project aims to explore and compare methods for measuring the physico-chemical characteristics of biomasses and the rate of soil cover by these biomasses, by airborne imagery in the field. Three spectral domains associated with different spatial resolutions are explored in semi-controlled and field conditions. Collaboration INRAE, CReSTIC, TERRALAB CARActerisation by Electrochemical Methods of Bacterial Ligninolytic Enzymes and their implementation in the valorisation of lignocellulosic biomass PhD Student : Issa Fall Supervisor : Harivoni Rakotoarivonina |The main objective of this thesis is to develop an efficient enzymatic process to release aromatic molecules from lignins. The adapted strategy is to produce thermostable bacterial enzymes, to thoroughly characterise the properties of these enzymes (by electrochemical methods in the presence of aromatic molecules or biomimetic membranes of lignins) to determine their potentialities, and finally to implement the identified and characterised enzymes in the presence of lignins and to evaluate the released aromatic molecules. Study of the production of natural smicrobial pigments during the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass PhD Student : Matthieu Cassarini Supervisors : Ludovic Besaury and Caroline Rémond |Natural microbial pigments have many advantages compared to synthetic pigments of petrochemical origin (low environmental impact of their production, non-toxicity). Pigments are widely used in the medical and cosmetic sectors, as bio-indicators of pollution or as anti-microbial agents.) The use of lignocellulosic biomasses is of interest for the microbial production of microbial metabolites such as pigments. The aim of the thesis project is to develop innovative white biotechnology approaches to produce pigments of interest by growth on lignocellulosic substrates. Collect and valorization “open science” of data of organic resources recycled in soil Contact : Gwenaëlle LASHERMES |Efforts have been made over the last 30 years to study the soil organic matter decomposition process. The COLLECT-OR project aims at capitalizing, organizing and sharing as "open data" the data that INRAE scientists agree to share. The COLLECT-OR project brings together scientists from the FARE, Agroécologie, BioEcoAgro, Eco&Sols, SAS, EcoSys, ISPA, UREP at INRAE and CIRAD (Recycling and Risk) laboratories for their data, and the VSoil modeling platform (EMMAH). This project will make it possible the data meta-analysis, the calibration of numerical tools or the acquisition of references easily mobilized and opened to all.

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Optimizing Your Website Sales Funnel (And Yes, You Have One) You have a website sales funnel, whether you think you do or not. It’s your sales rep, your cashier, your product stocking clerk. It’s your customer service agent and more. So why aren’t you treating it like one? Stay with me for a second here. Imagine that you’re walking down Main Road in a small town. What do you see around you? Stores, right? And what do they look like? Some stores will have an awning that showcases the store’s name. Others may have windows that are painted with a scene, or they may display merchandise in order to entice people to come into the store. That’s what your website is doing. It’s acting as that store and enticing your audience to come learn more about you. So back to Main Road again quickly: What happens when you open the door to a physical, in-person, small town store? A salesperson greets you. They can help you find a solution to whatever it is that you’re looking for. And then, they can cash you out and send you on their way. Basically, what’s happening within that store is they’re providing you, the customer, a wonderful experience in shopping. Your website does the very same thing if your business exists in the digital world. Your home page invites people in and explains to them what they can expect from your business. Then things like site navigation and site structure and calls to action are how we actually address conversion within our copy. All of those things act like the salesperson who helps people, the customer service rep that solves problems, the cashier who checks people out. Right? Your website is your digital storefront, and now, it’s time to turn it into a powerful sales tool — the kind that grabs your audience’s attention and compels them to take action. Your website serves as the face of your brand. It’s the first impression you make on potential customers. So, making sure your website not only attracts but also converts those visitors is absolutely essential. Listen to this solo episode of Talk Copy to Me to learn more. Listen to this episode of the Talk Copy to Me podcast Here’s what Erin want you to know about improving your website sales funnel How it’s your website’s job to move your audience from awareness to action How to know how much website copy is too much and how much is too little website copy The importance of understanding your audience’s level of readiness and awareness How to weave personality into your website without sharing your entire autobiography The role design plays in a website sales funnel and how it compliments strategic website copy What you can learn from the PAS copywriting framework How conversions don’t have to be pain-based, and what psychographics to use instead How different social proof tools, such as case studies, testimonials, and podcast removes influence conversion The role SEO and paid advertising plays in a website sales funnel The data you get from your website analytics allow you to shift gears and go harder on specific marketing tactics The job of a discovery call and what shouldn’t be happening on your calls Other podcast episodes that will help you improve your website sales funnel Quotes about website sales funnels from your host, Erin Ollila Whether you provide services or whether you sell products, it doesn’t make a difference. Your website is playing the role of a salesperson. So if you aren’t treating it like a salesperson, there’s a lot of room for error and missed sales.” – Erin Ollila “Websites is that they help move your audience from awareness through to action.” – Erin Ollila “Because copy is really written to make a conversion, you are presenting your audience with the information that they need to make a decision. No more information. No less information.” – Erin Ollila “SEO is what takes someone’s hand, draws them to your storefront, opens the door, and pushes them inside.” – Erin Ollila “We have to make sure that each page has its own approach to calls to action. And we also have to make like sure that we are navigating them from one choice to the next.” – Erin Ollila “This is a key on any sales page: it’s not making the copy about you or your business. It’s about making the copy about your leads and clients.” – Erin Ollila “You don’t want to overwrite and overwhelm people so that they feel as if they they’d rather click off of the page than learn more about what it is that you’re offering.” – Erin Ollila “The reason why websites really should be considered a sales tool is when we look at sales, we understand that sales come with a lot of data that helps us make decisions. Friends, your website…has a ton of data that will help you understand how your audience is viewing your site, how they’re perceiving the information that you’re putting out there, where they’re getting lost on the page, how long they’re spending consuming content, what types of conversion-related behaviors and actions that they’re taking. And those things are great opportunities for us to be able to shift gears if something’s not working in our marketing, or to be able to go harder on certain marketing techniques that are working really well for us.” – Erin Ollila Learn more about your host, Erin Ollila Erin Ollila believes in the power of words and how a message can inform – and even transform – its intended audience. She graduated from Fairfield University with an M.F.A. in Creative Writing, and went on to co-found Spry, an award-winning online literary journal. When Erin’s not helping her clients understand their website data or improve their website copy, you can catch her hosting the Talk Copy to Me podcast and guesting on shows such as Profit is a Choice, The Driven Woman Entrepreneur, Go Pitch Yourself, and Counsel Cast. Stay in touch with Erin Ollila, SEO website copywriter: Learn more about Erin’s VIP Day options if you’d like to learn more about how you can hire her to help you with your marketing Here’s the transcript for episode 073 on website sales funnels with your host Erin Ollila NOTE: This podcast was transcribed by an AI tool. Please forgive any typos or errors. website copy, calls to action, website analytics, pain points, conversion, social proof, testimonials, website copywriting, website content, site navigation, website sales, website sales funnel Erin Ollila 00:04 Erin Ollila 05:31 you’re really just giving them the clear information that they need. And this is where so many people go wrong. I will be honest with you hear people over write their websites, or they underwrite their websites. And if you’re feeling frustrated right now, and like Aaron, how do I know if I’m over writing or underwriting? I don’t have a precise answer for you. But I can explain to you how copy influences people’s move from awareness through action. So that you can make a better decision on how much copy your site actually needs. Your copy in order to convert needs things like storytelling hooks, social proof cues that give the idea of legitimacy, like mentions of education or experience, in order for people to start to build that trust in you, you or your business, I should say. And when they start building that trust, they’re then able to spend more time learning moving through that awareness. And now I don’t want you to think that your site has to be an education hub. Some businesses have clients that are already primed to buy when they first land on their website, I was actually just recording an episode with Laura low pitch who will be on the show in a couple of weeks. And I was mentioning how I’m looking to get new carpets on the second floor of my house. And when I go to the website of the company, I’m considering using for purchasing and installing those carpets, I’m already aware of the product that they have, for the most part, where I need education is the idea that I want to look at the different styles of carpet that they have, because it’s not something that I am an expert at, right. Like I don’t know what different types of carpets there are, I don’t know, what styles I might like to choose. So that’s the awareness I’m getting from their site. But they don’t have to, like feed me information and educate me to adjust the readiness that I have to purchase. I’m ready, I just and I’m aware of their product and how it could better my life, I just need a slight bit more information before I’m able to step ahead and make that purchase. Right. Other businesses have a longer lead time from when someone finds them until someone hires them. And those business maybe are doing some education based content like blog posts, case studies or podcasts even right, because the time that it takes someone to get to know the business or the person behind the brand, and get to know their process, their expertise may be longer before they’re ready to jump in and make a purchase. So part of the idea of copy that converts is understanding where you fall on that spectrum, where your business falls and where your ideal clients kind of come to you at. So that way you can adjust the copy that you present to them based on how aware they are and based on how ready they are. But I mentioned other things like storytelling hooks, social proof legitimacy cues. And I kind of want to just go over them very quickly. A lot of the questions I get asked is like, how do I bring more personality into my business? And this is a question I actually get asked from people who don’t want to share too much of their personal life for their business. But they they want to seem personable. They want to seem approachable, right? So they want to weave in some type of personality. And they can do that through storytelling, right. And storytelling doesn’t have to be memoir, right? It doesn’t have to be a personal essay, all of the personal facts of your life. Storytelling is just the techniques that you learn in the writing world in order to present information in a way that is people can kind of like get their attention, keep their attention, keep them interested. So one example of this is kind of how I bring in hooks, right? Hooks is what helps get people’s attention, right? So is there any way that you can change the headings and maybe your hero section on your homepage, or if any of the sections on any of the website pages to kind of like attract the attention of the end user design plays a large role into this and this is why we have different size fonts, different weights fonts, and sometimes different fonts all together, in order to attract the audience members eye to the place that we want them to pay attention, like a hook. Right? So all you’re doing with when you’re writing really good hooks in your copy is thinking to yourself, how can I capture their attention at this moment in time, it could be making a bold statement, it could be asking a question that really stops them in their tracks. But whatever it is, hooks can play a large role in that storytelling element of conversion, copywriting, other storytelling techniques are bringing in the the second person you so talking directly to the person who’s reading, this is a key on any sales is not making the copy about you or your business. It’s making the copy about your leads and clients. I know my my tone of voice, I can hear myself getting my mom voice of being very luxury here, not trying to lecture you friends, because we’re all you know, we’re all here because we want to be good marketers. But when we’re when we’re talking in our copy, and we’re really trying very hard to convert people into becoming paying clients, we want to talk directly to them. So if you’re struggling with the copy that you have right now, may be a good idea, a good prompt for you to kind of make adjustments is go back in and see how you can change the sentences so that you’re actually using the word you within the copy. Now, here’s an example of how I approach this. Let’s pretend it’s a bank’s website. And the hero section on the homepage says something like banking for busy people. It’s not horrible, right? Like it has the niche in there who they’re trying to serve. But if we want to make it a little bit more approachable, what we could do, just taking that as a silly example is reframe it to say something like You’re like we get it, you’re busy. And maybe instead of what I’m rewriting, what I’m doing is actually creating the copy section that follows that heading. We get it you’re busy. And we want to meet your needs, whether you’re banking at 2am, or in rush hour traffic, whatever I’m I literally don’t have a bank as a client right now. But if you can see how what I did right there, it’s really inviting the reader into the conversation. So if you’re doing any auditing of your own website, or you’re just not pleased with your copy, really I encourage you to go back in and think of all the sections How can we invite the reader in other storytelling techniques is building the friction or the anticipation of the end reader. It’s something that we talk about like as a narrative arc, but there’s some way you can do it on your website. And that’s as simple as using things like pain points, like the pa s. Copywriting framework is basically pain agitate solution. So what’s the problem that they’re having, then agitate that problem and then provide yourself as a solution. We all know that I’m not so much the biggest pain point driven copywriter. But as I’ve said before, like there, people do have problems or they might have desires, so we can ignore those, we should address them within our copy just in a way that we’re not manipulating people, when we’re talking about the pains that they have talking about the problems, or even agitating them, agitation is fine, so long as we’re not doing it in a manipulative way. And I’m going to hop back over there, the the pain and the problem. And one second because I want to talk about social proof before I finished talking about pain points and desires. Social proof and legitimacy are huge drivers of conversion when it comes to websites. We all know that I love testimonials. And I love showcasing them on sites to build that trust for the business because there’s nothing that does better when it comes to social proof. Then real people sharing why they liked working with that service provider or business. And this goes for podcasts as well. If you’re listening to this, you have a podcast page, get those reviews out there because reviews convince new potential listeners to actually listen to your show. And legitimacy is huge, too. A lot of the times I think people hold back on this because they don’t want to be they don’t want to sound like a show off or they’re uncomfortable making themselves really step into that role of expert. But when we’re doing things like writing our about page, while I always say we have to acknowledge what the audience’s problems are and paint ourselves as the solution to the problem. The way we do that is by explaining like you are are who you are. And you can do what you do by how you show up. And that’s by sharing your education sharing your experience. Case studies are Marvel’s right here, because they’re like testimonials on speed. So if we can show our legitimacy by showing how we worked with a client, more than just why they liked working with us, but like the entire process, we’re able to kind of give that end user, the audience member, Erin Ollila 15:30 the key to what it would be like working with us if they were in the shoes of the person we’re writing the case study about. So when we think of conversion, it’s really not just the frameworks, it’s really not just the process. It’s it’s a lot based on the story that we tell. And I think things like narrative arcs, pulling in the audience with the quote you Why oh, you as a character within that story. The hooks, the social proof, and legit legitimacy are huge drivers of conversion that so often get forgotten about. Because all I hear people talk about are things like pain points. So that’s why I wanted to save that for last, you know, when we think about moving our audience from awareness into action on our website, copywriting frameworks, work in some ways, because we do want to address where people’s problems are. And we want to sell to those problems, we don’t want to act as if they don’t exist. You know, it’s kind of like when people try to sell the features of a product instead of the benefits of the product. So nobody cares how fast like let’s say, a hosting site for a website, the average end user is not going to be wowed by like the tech speed or the random tech things that that host offers, because they don’t understand the tech that goes into it, they are going to be wowed by things like the idea that their future users are going to be able to view their website, it’s super speed, because all of the backend tech that goes in there, that their website is going to be set up well for things like SEO, because it’s not going to be weighed down by whatever goes on websites. So the point of the matter is like if we can talk about that, that problem, or the desire as what we’re selling, and not just those features, that’s how we can move people to convert using copywriting techniques. And I really want to talk about desires for a quick second before we move on. Because a lot of the times what we talk about is the pain points is the problems. But there are businesses that don’t rely on pain or problems in order to sell to their clients. I think I’ve used this example here before but take the wedding industry, there’s hopefully not a lot of pain that happens in a wedding, obviously, besides paying for a wedding because they can be incredibly expensive. But the people who are looking to hire their vendors, they’re excited, it’s a great moment in their life, they get to plan a party to celebrate the love that they have. So when they approach vendors, it’s not that they we have to sell a problem to them. They have a desire, their desire using wedding photographer, for example, their desire is to capture images of their big day that they can have for the rest of their life. Their desire, when they they contact a DJ or a band is to have like exciting music. So their guest feel like they’re having a wonderful time. And they have like a soundtrack to their big day. Their desire when they contact venues is to choose the most beautiful place within their budget. There is not pain there. So I don’t want you to only think that you have to sell and convert with pain. It is not the case. But it is knowing your audience to know which direction you need to go, right. It’s knowing if there are desires, and if so, can you build on those desires? Can you get people excited? Can you make them feel aspirational? And that goes for even pain points. Like we don’t have to harbor on the pain point if we can aspire make them inspired to take action or aspire to changing. So I hope that kind of helped you understand that not everything has to be a pain point. But that knowing the problems your end users, your audience your future clients are experiencing and knowing their desires or what’s driving them to make a purchase. That’s not necessarily a problem or an issue is how we learn how to talk to them and If I’m gonna bring this full circle, which we all know, I sometimes have trouble doing. The reason we’re doing this is because we can then take this information and determine whether or not we’re actually overriding and over explaining and giving too much information, or the opposite whether we need to give them more because we haven’t written and explain this clearly enough. But let’s hop into the real sales. Things that are not related to copy. One of them is how do we get people to our site? And you all know, I’m gonna say SEO here. Yes, SEO is the beauty of what brings people from, you know, the top of Main Street, right into opening door. I mean, if if you’re not with me here, I’m going back to that idea of like, a website being like a main street storefront, so you don’t think I’m crazy. But SEO is kind of like what takes someone’s hand, draws them to your storefront opens the door and pushes them inside. And why it’s important to point this out is you might be putting effort into SEO. And you might be thinking, all right, this effort is going to bring me this type of client. But I want to remind you, that any effort you put into SEO, actually, any effort, even if you don’t put in the effort to SEO, but any copy or content you create is actually bringing people to your site, meaning that people will find themselves on your website without you doing any work to get them there. So when they show up, we want to offer them the best experience that they can have, right? It’s like we wouldn’t walk into a store and be excited to be there. If it was like in complete shambles, and a hot mess and all of the employees look like they were like frazzled, you’d probably leave because it would be too overwhelming for you. So if we’re looking at our website as being a sales tool, we want it to be in the best shape that it can be. So that way when SEO brings someone to our door, purposefully or accidentally, we’re presenting our best selves. And if we’re looking at our website as being a sales tool, I don’t want you to forget about the idea that actual paid advertisement is one way to bring people to your website to encourage the conversion. This is especially key if you have things like programs that may be like time sensitive, or products that you sell directly on your website, advertising can get the right people to your door and make that sale so much easier for you. If it’s done well. The other thing that people don’t factor in that plays a vital role on whether a website is successful or not, is the audience navigation, which most people will call user experience. How are we asking our end users to move through our site. And if you’re not asking them to take a direction, that’s key, you need to go stop the recording. I mean, while it’s not recording, stop listening, go fix this right now, because we need to move people through our site in a strategic way. This is why buttons go in certain places on the page, button, send people to different areas of the website. This is why we don’t ask our audience to take seven different types of action on one web page. And we try for the most part to get them to only take one action, or in the case of some web pages like a homepage, you might send them to your services page. And you’re about page in a different area. And let’s say a lead magnet to join your email list somewhere else. So there obviously is some pages where you’ll have them take multiple actions. But for the most part, we want each page to be its own contained direction and its own contain action. Which brings me to number three calls to action. What do you want people to do on your website? Erin Ollila 24:04 This is something that like, a lot of my leads will come to me or my clients and we have the discussion is, you know, what’s the result? Why do you even have a website? What’s the point? And sometimes they look at me kind of like a deer in headlights because they’re like, I thought the point was, we had to have one. And while you know, I’m going to say everyone should have a website, it’s important for you to understand what role it plays in your business. So you know, a lot of the coaches that I work with booking a call to speak with them is one of their main calls to action. They want to get people on the phone to find out if they’re even a good fit to work together. And then talk to them about how they can you know, provide them the transformation that they’re offering. For other people a call to action is to buy a product right from the website. You know, there are different calls to action and different ways that we can encourage people to you know, make decisions is on our website. And that really depends on where they the audience is, when it comes to like the funnel and their level of readiness and awareness. Some calls to action are simply just to keep people in our world. And that case might be grabbing a lead magnet. So we get them on our email list, or encouraging them to read more blogs or to listen to a podcast episode. But other calls to action could be outright sales pitches, where we’re like, hey, you need this thing I have buy it now. So we have to make sure that each page kind of has its own approach to calls to action. And we also have to make like sure that we are navigating them from one choice to the next. So let’s say a complete stranger lands on your homepage. I mentioned this briefly, but like, what, what decision do you want them to make if you didn’t have any buttons or hyperlinks on your homepage, except for the main menu at the top, you’re putting the onus on the audience member to make the choice to click on one of those like, you’re saying, Hey, here’s the information, you want to click, click, you don’t want to click, don’t click. But people have so many choices these days that you don’t want to leave it all up to them. You want to have these calls to actions written throughout the copy to make it easier to make it flow. So it doesn’t feel as if they need to make these big heavy choices, just to work around your website and learn more about you and your business. And finally, really is just making sure that your audience member has a great experience. Whether you call it a lead experience or an audience experience, you want to make these click throughs, the navigation seamless, you don’t want them to end up on 404 pages. Like I mentioned, you don’t want to overwrite and overwhelmed people so that they feel as if they they’d rather click off of the page, then learn more about what it is that you’re offering. You want them to be able to be presented with the information, you know, don’t hide your pricing, don’t hide your services, don’t make them kind of put in more effort to like funnel themselves into your world, make it as easy as possible for them. And doing that provides a great experience for your end user. The final thing I have to say I’m really trying to keep this episode short. But the reason why websites really should be considered a sales tool is when we look at sales, we understand that sales come with a lot of data that helps us make decisions. Friends, your website does to your website has specifically if you’ve turned on the analytics, your website has a ton of data that will help you understand how your audience is viewing your site, how they’re perceiving the information that you’re putting out there, where they’re getting lost on the page, how long they’re spending, consuming content, what types of conversion related behaviors and actions that they’re taking. And those things are great opportunities for us to be able to shift gears if something’s not working in app marketing, or to be able to go harder on certain marketing techniques that are working really well for us. The real point of this whole episode is just to get you thinking about the idea that your website can help sell for you, your website can do all of that heavy lifting for you. Because I don’t really want to have another conversation will not that I won’t have it friends, I’ll have this conversation with you. But I don’t want to have to hear my friends, my colleagues, my leads, tell me how much they struggle with Discovery calls. Because what happens is, if your website isn’t clear, it isn’t easy to navigate, it doesn’t have the right information, you’re gonna end up getting on a lot of discovery calls with unfit leads, there are people that you might might not be ready to work with you. There are people who you wouldn’t want to work with. There are people who that you have to sell to in the sense that you have to explain your processes your services your offers to on a discovery call, because your discovery calls really should be like a fit call to find out if the two of you would work well together. Not necessarily to obviously I’m just thinking person to person here. But if you’re using a discovery call, you want to make sure you’re a great match. And that’s the key of what needs to happen on Discovery call. not starting from scratch with a sales pitch. You want your website to act like that employee on the store on Main Street for you. You want it to be welcoming. You want them to point people in the right direction of what they’d like to purchase or what they need. So that way when it is time to like ring them up at the register or get on that discovery call If you can do it in a way that they’re excited to work with you because they feel prepared to make the purchase, they feel prepared to pay for your services or to buy your products. lesson here, friends, take a second to go review your websites. If you need help with this, I have an entire website audit service that I offer that is like highly rated. I mean, we’re talking about social proof here, I should probably share some of that in the show notes so that you can see what some of my clients wins have been once they’ve worked with me on a website audit, but I’m happy to help you with that. And if you want to just do it yourself again, go back in there and check are you talking to your audience? Is the information you’re sharing clear? Are you navigating people through your site? are you presenting them with calls to action? Have you approached SEO or any other type of way to get people to your site, and that will be your starting place for any changes you need to make. So friends hopefully you have the best discovery calls possible after you make some of the changes and you feel a lot more confident with your website. Until next time when we talk copy. Thank you so much for listening to this episode of Top copy to me. If you enjoyed spending your time with me today. I would be so honored if you could subscribe to the show and leave a review. Want to continue the conversation. Head on over to Instagram and follow me Erin Ollila. Until next time friends Note: Show notes may contain affiliate links to products, offers, and services that I whole-heartedly recommend. Reviews help other incredible creative entrepreneurs and service providers — just like you — decide if the show they’ve just stumbled upon is one they’ll want to add to their list of must-listen SEO and copywriting podcasts. It would mean the world to me if you left a quick review of the Talk Copy to Me podcast on your favorite podcast directory.

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Cactus Masonry Classic has been superseded by Cactus Masonry Plus. Cactus Masonry Plus is also free and available in the WordPress plugin repository. What is Cactus Masonry Classic? Cactus Masonry Classic (which we will call CMC from now on), is a WordPress plugin designed to display a gallery of post and/or page featured images that can be filtered, sorted, and treated as hyperlinks. In other words, a CMC gallery will display a list of all matching posts which link back to their permalinks when clicked! This functionality would be perfect for an art or photo gallery where further information needs to be displayed on each item. Of course, you can choose where each picture links, whether back to the original image (at a size of your choosing), the original post, a Lightbox styled gallery, or nowhere at all. As CMC essentially searches your WordPress site for posts, you can specify which category (or categories) of post to display, and sort those posts by date, comment count, author, randomly, and more! You can also specify the layout options for the pictures. By default, the pictures are positioned in a masonry styled layout, where the images are slotted into each other like irregular bricks in an old stone wall. However, you can force the plugin to restrict or constrain the heights or widths of the images to create a tidy and whitespace free gallery of images. Check out the Cactus Masonry Classic Home Page for an example where the width has been constrained to 33.3%. You may also specify how the images glow when the user’s mouse hovers overhead, whether the images have borders, and how much (if any) spacing should exist between each image. The Cactus Masonry Classic plugin provides a versatile WordPress plugin that allows you to display your posts by their thumbnail in a clean and visually pleasing format. Can I See it In Action? Yes, go to the main page of Cactus Masonry Classic Website to check it out! Does it Cost Money? No, it’s all free to use. This is not one of those “free” plugins that require a payment before you can use any of its useful features. This is completely free – no watermarks, no ads, no nagging. Just one free plugin. However, it did take a fair amount of time to make… so if you are feeling generous… feel free to donate something. But no pressure or anything :). Can I Make a Feature Request? CMC has reached the end of its supported life. Bug fixes will still be issued, but new features are unlikely to be released. CMC has now been replaced by Cactus Masonry Plus. This plugin is a total rebuild of CMC, including improved performance, fewer and smaller files, and a whole bunch of new features. Cactus Masonry Plus is also free, but it is also open to new feature requests. To find out more, visit the Cactus Masonry Plus Website. Just click the Download link and Activate it! CMC can also be downloaded from the Cactus Masonry Classic Website as a zip file for manual installation. If you choose to install CMC manually it is important that you install the plugin in the correct folder. While CMC will work from any folder, changing the folder will affect your ability to automatically receive new updates. The correct folder for CMC is a folder called masonry-post-gallery within your WordPress plugins folder. By default the path should be wp-content/plugins/masonry-post-gallery/. How Do I Use Cactus Masonry Classic? Simple. If you can use a shortcode, then you can use CMC. A shortcode is a special piece of code you can insert into your WordPress posts and pages which links to an active plugin. If you insert [cactus-masonry] into one of your posts, you will see the CMC gallery appear when you view (or preview) that post. The shortcode can take a variety of parameters. For example, [cactus-masonry width=”33.33%”] will generate a gallery were each image is a third of the page wide. An example of this can be seen on the main page of the CMC Website. You can use as many or as few parameters in your shortcode as you want. For a full list of CMC’s shortcode parameters, visit the Shortcode Parameters page. Alternately, visit the Shortcode Generator to have your shortcode made for you! For support, visit our Support Forum. Please refer to the FAQ page of the Cactus Masonry website. Colaboradores y desarrolladores «Cactus Masonry Classic» es un software de código abierto. Las siguientes personas han colaborado con este plugin.Colaboradores Registro de cambios - Updated Desandro Masonry to 4.0.0 - Added the ability to list categories on each result with the display_post_categories shortcode - Updated readme - Started rebranding to Cactus Masonry Classic - Some small efficiency improvements - Fixed a bug caused by unescaped double quotes in the title and excerpt fields - Added the ability to display a custom field in the databox using the display_custom_field parameter - Changed how the galleries are queried to create a massive performance boost on servers with limited resources - Added the ability to specify posts to ignore using the post_id parameter - Updated the help file to address the new support site - Fixed a PHP bug that causes an error - Started measures for the cleanest possible transition from Cactus Masonry to Cactus Masonry Plus - Fixed an alignment issue that could cause the gallery to run off the page horizontally under some conditions. - WARNING: Updating to this version will likely affect the spacing above your gallery if you are using vertical spacing. Please check your pages after the update. - Fixed an error with the excerpt classname. Was originally spelled as ‘cm_exerpt’. Now spelled correctly. The original spelling also remains in place for backwards compatability. - Added the category_ids parameter. This allows users to filter their galleries by category ID rather than slug. Multiple comma-separated values may be used. Categories may also be excluded from the search with this parameter. - Added the category_and parameter. This allows the construction of a gallery of images that contain all of the listed categories. - Added the stamp_id parameter. This, combined with CSS, will allow users to add a sticky post to the gallery. - Added the category_as_brick_class parameter. This option adds the post category to each images class name for easier custom styling. - Added the id_as_brick_class parameter. This adds the post/page ID to the image class for targetted styling. - Added the author_ids parameter. Now posts can be filtered by author ID. - Fixed an issue where boolean parameters would not be accepted if they were written in the wrong case. - Fixed an issue where setting vertical spacing would cause a gap to appear above the gallery. - New documentation pages in progress. The shortcode generator is now out of date. - WARNING: Many users have manually altered the plugin to suit their particular niche needs. If you have modified the plugin, contact us before updating, and we will try to help with the migration. - Updated spin.js, masonry.js, imagesLoaded.js, and lightbox.js dependencies - Updated licensing terms. - Added the ability to specify a custom link rel attribute. Added by request to help with some plugin interactions. Not generally useful. - Set the default transition duration to zero to improve resize performance. This can be altered with the transitionDuration parameter, but setting this value may cause layout and performance issues. - Added the ability to open each item in a new window with the open_in_new_windows parameter - Fixed issue where lightbox.js was loaded even when the lightbox was switched off - Added the ability to search for posts by tag slug. The new tag parameter supports a tag slug or comma separated list of tag slugs. - You can now search for child posts of a given post only. Specify the parent post’s ID using the post_parent_id parameter. - Added the ability to perform a basic search using a custom taxonomy and term. - Fixed a bug where inner borders won’t show when gallery images are cropped - Fixed a bug where the title and excerpt databox would appear incorrectly when masonry=false - Fixed a bug with custom post types - Cactus Masonry now broadcasts the number of posts found to help with external pagination - Removed BOM to stop header error - Fixed encoding to UTF8 - Further fixes for the wptexturize bug which should no longer interfere with other plugins - Fixed an error with the page_size parameter - Fixed a bug with the console error caused by an non-existent image id set as the default image id - Fixed a major bug that may cause problems due to code changes caused by wptexturize on some sites… uh… wptexturize… - Removed a reference to the lightbox map file to fix a 404 warning in compatible browsers - WARNING: This update modifies Cactus Masonry’s CSS behaviour. There are a number of changes in place to support new features and handle Internet Explorer issues. For one, the #masonry_post_gallery selector has been changed to div.masonry_post_gallery. These changes will not affect the gallery’s default appearance – but they may affect custom CSS styling. Be sure to check your site’s appearance after updating. - Added the ability to select post/page-like custom post types in the gallery - Eliminated unnecessary site overhead caused by the plugin - Added the ability to manually handle the loading of external scripts to improve AJAX loading time - Added an override for the automatic width setting that can cause the gallery to resize its contents after external image resizing - Added the ability to crop images to fill each brick - Added the ability to specify an image background colour for added flexibility around transparent images when using the different hover colours - Added the option to specify an additional custom class name for the link elements in the gallery to increase compatibility with other plugins. - Multiple instances of Cactus Gallery can now run at the same time on the same page - Improved gallery functionality when masonry is switched off - Fixed a layout bug that may occur on some IE installs - Modified how image spacing works to address IE11’s inability to render basic CSS - Fixed some minor style issues that could cause bugs in older IE browsers - Fixed a major bug in IE8 to IE11 caused by (in)compatibility mode - Fixed a bug where the title/excerpt box can appear above the loading box - Fixed a bug where borders would be cut off an image with a set max-width/max-height - Fixed a bug where excerpts containing a line feed or carriage return would break the plugin - Fixed a bug where the search_start and page_size parameters fail to function correctly when there are posts present with no featured image and default_image_id is unspecified - Various large efficiency improvements - Changed how fixed (non-percentage) widths are handled to improve efficiency - Improved gallery functionality in situations with extremely large numbers of posts - Fixed a bug that can cause a PHP warning - A bug fix for an issue that stops posts with certain characters in their titles and excerpts from appearing in the gallery. - Applied some CSS enhancements to make the plugin’s styling more robust on a variety of different web environments - Made additions to the plugin’s FAQ section - Added screenshots to the WordPress plugin documentation - Fixed a bug that can cause the plugin to not function due to an uncommon interaction with WordPress’s wpautop ‘feature’ - Added the ability to display a title and/or an exerpt on each image in a gallery - Added a CSS customization page to the website to assist with styling the gallery - Fixed a bug that causes the lightbox gallery to fail when loading a default image - Added a fix that will allow Cactus Masonry to function even if its installed in an unexpected folder on the server - Added version number to main div class for easier debugging - Added some manual installation instructions - Added some detail to the FAQ section of the documentation - Bug fix to address issue that presents itself when infinite_scroll=’false’ - Bug fix to address older versions of PHP - Updated the infinite scroll to allow for IE8 compatibility - Fixed bug in infinite scroll code that would sometimes stop a page from loading until the user scrolled the page up - Improved the infinite scroll loading buffer to better address a range of scenarios - Removed the spinner from the loading box when run within IE8 to reduce outdated browser related bugs - Cleaned up code to slightly improve performance and improve backwards compatibility - Fixed a small typo and updated a link in the documentation - Added the upgrade notice - Modified documentation to improve readability - Fixed a bug that affected the post/page sort order since the last update - Added link to plugin home page in short description - Updated function names to reduce the chance of a conflict - Restructured some code to improve flow and testing capabilities - Added the ability to specify a default image. Now posts without a featured image can be shown if a default image is specified. - Added the ability to search for posts, pages, posts and pages, or nothing at all - Added an instructions page under the WordPress Dashboard Settings menu - Improved documentation on website to address new features - Improved plugin short description to reduce confusion - Reorganized code output to fix a W3C compliance issue - Small code layout fixes - Fixed an error that could occur when displaying posts with an apostrophe in their title - Masonry Post Gallery is renamed to Cactus Masonry - Improved documentation on Cactus Masonry website - Plugin documentation has been rewritten - The [cactus-masonry] shortcode can now be used (while maintaining reverse compatibility) - Added the search_start parameter which allows the post query to be offset by a given number of posts - Added the page_size parameter which allows the post query to be limited to a given number of matches - Implemented an option to show or hide the infinite scroll loader - Updated the documentation to use the masonry website and shortcode generator - Added links to the masonry home page to the WordPress plugin page - Greatly improved gallery efficiency on load and window resize - Fixed a layout sizing error when maxWidth is set - Fixed error that occurs on multipage galleries - Fixed script breaking bug caused by typo - Fixed error on IE8 that stopped images from loading - Fixed incompatibility with IE8 that affected the loading box - Now masonry disables on IE7 and earlier - A compatibility fix for different versions of PHP - Added infinite scroll functionality to improve loading speed on larger pages - Added the infinite_scroll parameter to toggle infinite scroll - Added the posts_per_page to determine the number of images to load each time with the infinite scroll - Made the loading box float at the top centre of the screen - Addressed graphical bugs with the loading box - Improved code efficiency - Removed support for the height parameter set as a percentage - Fixed a bug that stopped the height parameter from working properly - Fixed a bug that stopped the vertical spacing parameter from working properly - Fixed a bug that made the vertical spacing half that of the horizontal spacing - Fixed a bug with the hover colour parameter - Fixed a bug where the loading box will block mouse clicks - Set the default horizontal and vertical spacing values to 10 - Fixed a bug that stopped the category parameter from working - Fixed a bug where the gallery would always appear at the top of the page - Added a number of code improvements including an external CSS file - Changed how the borders work to make them more reliable and even - Changed how the spacing and widths behave to make percentage based column layouts more reliable - Added a flexible border parameter called soft_gutter - Fixed a bug where the fit_width parameter would break the code - Set fit_width to “false” by default as it interacts with columns set to a percentage width causing the page to look wrong while loading - Made stylesheet improvements to fix minor display issues - Small documentation errors have been fixed - Published fit_width parameter to documentation - Updated documentation to suite changes - Changed the plugins version numbering system to better match WordPress standards and easier to update - Fixed the percentage column/row width/height functionality. Now 33% will give three columns with images fitting their column sizes. - Added the option to specify whether each image will link to its post, itself, a different sized version of itself, or nowhere - Added the capability to display a lightbox style gallery using the show_lightbox parameter - Removed any absolute paths to the plugins directory to make plugin more robust to future WordPress versions - Fixed some more bugs that have arose with certain image size and alignment functionality - Fixed the percentage width and height functionalities - Fixed a problem with boolean shortcode parameters - Fixed an inconsistancy in the wording of the shortcode instructions - Updated the documentation to recognize these changes - Updated upscaling feature. Now has the option to independently set max_height and max_width for upscaled objects. - Updated the documentation to recognize these changes - Added upscaling feature. Now images that are shorter or narrower than a specified width or height can be upscaled until they reach the specified size. The image thumbnail quality will be increased until it reaches the largest size available, reaches the largest size specified under the max_upscale_size parameter, or reaches or exceeds the max_height or max_width parameters. - Removed support for percentages in the max_height and max_width fields - Updated the documentation to include new features - Added padding to the top of the loading box - Incompletely implemented post_order and post_orderby parameters fixed - Default max_width and max_height parameters changed to “none” - Default horizontal_spacing and vertical_spacing set to 0 - Minor correction made to the parameters section of the documentation to reflect these changes - Minor correction made to the parameters section of the documentation to fix incorrect parameter options - Additional information added to the parameters section of the documentation to clarify the behaviour of the vertical and horizontal spacing - The initial version is released. This is a testing beta, so there will be revisions, and some features may not work as planned.

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TEXT OF THE YEAR-ENDING PRESS CONFERENCE ADDRESSED BY THE HONOURABLE MINISTER OF INFORMATION AND CULTURE, ALHAJI LAI MOHAMMED, IN LAGOS ON MONDAY, 30 DEC. 2019. Good afternoon gentlemen. Merry Christmas and best wishes for a great 2020 for all of you. 2. We have called this press conference to enable us present the major achievements of the Buhari Administration for the outgoing year 2019. We believe it is important to do this for the record, especially against the background of the continuing efforts by the political opposition to obfuscate the steady progress being made by the Administration in all sectors, even in the face of dwindling resources. The achievements we are about to highlight are by no means exhaustive, bu they headline the progress made by the administration in the year under review. 3. THE ECONOMY The economy continues to witness a strong performance, building on the steady recovery seen since the last recession. a. OVERALL GROWTH: In 2019, the Nigerian economy grew at an average rate of 2.2% over the first three quarters, compared to 1.7% over the same period in 2018. b. OIL AND NON-OIL SECTORS: Both the oil and non-oil sectors performed considerably better in 2019 than in 2018. The oil sector grew at an average of 4% over the three quarters, compared to 2.4% in 2018, while the non-oil sector grew by 2%, compared to 1.7% in 2018. c. OIL PRODUCTION: The average daily oil production level rose to its highest in the last 3 years, reaching 2 million barrels per day (mbpd) in 2019, compared to 1.8 mbpd in 2016, and 1.9 mbpd in both 2017 and 2018. d. MAJOR GROWTH SECTORS: In particular, in the third quarter of 2019, the major growth drivers were: Information and communications, agriculture, mining & quarrying, transportation & storage as well as manufacturing, all of which have seen considerable focus by government. In the third quarter of 2019, a total of 34 economic activities witnessed positive expansion, same as in 2018. e. INFLATION RATE: The trends indicate that overall macroeconomic stability is being achieved, with inflation rate steadily trending downwards. HEADLINE INFLATION: Year-on-year headline inflation rate declined steadily from 15.1% in January 2018 to 11.9% in November 2019. CORE INFLATION: Year-on-year core inflation rate slowed from 12.1% to 9% between January last year and November this year. FOOD INFLATION: Year-on-year food inflation rate decreased from 18.9% in January 2018 to 14.5% in November 2019. f. FOREIGN TRADE PERFORMANCE Strong performance in the external sector suggests increasing diversification of exports and export revenue. IMPORTS: The value of imports in 2019, as at the third quarter, stood at 11.6 trillion naira, compared to 9.6 trillion naira as at third quarter of 2018. This represented an annual growth rate of 21% between 2018 and 2019. Other than refined petroleum products, major imports have been machinery and vehicles. EXPORTS: The value of exports grew by 2.5% between 2018 and 2019 as at the third quarter, rising from 14 trillion Naira to 14.4 trillion Naira. This resulted in a stronger overall performance and an increase in the value of total trade by 10% between 2018 and 2019. KEY EXPORTS OF NOTE: While the value of crude oil exports decreased by 3.78%, non crude oil exports rose by over 30% in value between 2018 and 2019. Non-oil exports also doubled from about 1 trillion Naira to 2 trillion Naira over this period. g. FISCAL PERFORMANCE The 2019 budget performance shows that while revenue shortfalls occurred in the first half of the year, capital expenditure was prioritized, leading to higher expenditure performance. Government revenue: As at half year 2019, actual aggregate revenue stood at 2 trillion naira, or 58% of pro-rated target. This comprised: i. Oil revenue of N900 billion (49%performance); ii. Company Income Tax (CIT) of N349 billion (86%performance); iii. Value-Added Tax (VAT) of N81 billion (71%performance); and iv. Customs Collections of N184 billion (100.47%performance). h. GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE Government expenditure: As at half year 2019, out of the total appropriation of 8.9 trillion Naira for 2019, about 3.4 trillion Naira had been spent, representing 76% performance for that period. Capital spending has been prioritized in favour of critical ongoing infrastructural projects in the power, roads, rail and agriculture sectors. NIGERIA’S PUBLIC DEBT STOCK Recently, there have been concerns in certain circles about the country’s growing debt, both domestic and external. In the process, there have been some misrepresentations and scare mongering. We therefore believe it is important to put things in the right perspective, so our citizens will be well informed: i. The public debt stock is actually a cumulative figure of borrowings by successive governments over many years. It is therefore not appropriate to attribute the public debt stock to one administration. ii. Nigeria’s total public debt stock in 2015 was $63.80 billion, comprising $10.31 billion of external debt and $53.49 billion domestic debt. By June 2019, the total debt stock was $83.883 billion, made up of $27.163 billion of external debt and $56.720 billion domestic debt. It is therefore not correct to say that Nigeria’s external debt alone is $81.274 billion. iii. There is yet no cause for alarm. This is because Nigeria has a debt ceiling of 25% in the total public debt stock to Gross Domestic Product (Debt/GDP), which it has operated within. The ratio for Dec. 31 2018 and June 30 2019 were 19.09% and 18.99% respectively. iv. The debt service to revenue ratio has however been higher than desirable, hence the push by the government to diversify the economy and increase oil and non-oil revenues significantly. The government is also widening the tax base to capture more tax-paying citizens. v. In the face of massive infrastructural decay, no responsible government will sit by and do nothing. This Administration’s borrowing, therefore, is aimed at revamping our infrastructure, including roads, bridges, railways, waterways and power, to help unleash the potential of the nation’s economy. The loans for the educational sector will contribute to the development of our human capital while the loans for the agricultural sector will help the move to diversify the economy. i. MONETARY SECTOR: Capital importation comprises mainly foreign direct investment, portfolio investment and other investment flowing into the country. As at the third quarter of 2019, total capital importation had reached nearly 20 billion US dollars, which was 34% higher than the 15 billion US dollars recorded for the first three quarters of 2018. While the inflow of foreign direct investment declined over the period by 39% from 1 billion US dollars to 700 million US dollars, portfolio investment and other investments both rose significantly by 39% and 42% respectively. Major sectors: Apart from banking and shares, some of the major sectors that witnessed high volume of capital inflows in 2019 were telecommunications, production and services. Major states: Nearly all of the total capital importation as at Q3 2019 flowed to Lagos and Abuja, as is typical. j. NEW BUDGET CYCLE The Executive, in collaboration with the National Assembly, succeeded in introducing the 12-month (January to December) budget cycle for the first time since 1999. This is a major development, considering the damage that delayed passage of budgets has done to the economy over the years. With the new cycle, there will be a more rapid infrastructural development, more job creation, etc 4. THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION a. The Administration’s fight against corruption is progressing on all fronts, including institutional reforms, loot recovery and prosecution of alleged corrupt persons. As you are aware, this is one of the cardinal programmes of the Administration, with the others being the revamping of the economy (which I have just dwelt on extensively) and tackling insecurity (which I will touch on in the course of this press conference) The Administration took a major step forward in the fight against corruption when it launched the Financial Transparency Policy and Portal, also known as Open Government. The Transparency Policy mandates the Accountant General of the Federation (AGF) to publish a Daily Treasury Statement, which will provide information about what comes into the national treasury and what goes out every day. Under the policy, the Accountant General of the Federation and all Accounting Officers must publish Daily Payments Reports. With these reports, the Treasury will publish payments of at least 10 million Naira while all MDAS must publish payments above 5 million Naira made out of all public funds in their care. The information to be published must include the Ministry, Department and Agency (MDA) responsible, the beneficiary, the purpose and amount of each payment. Accounting Officers are responsible for providing answers to any questions from the public relating to transactions completed by entities under their charge. The AGF was also mandated to publish monthly Fiscal Accounts detailing the fiscal performance of the Federation, including receipts from all the collection agencies and payments out of the Federation Account. This must be done within 14 days after the end of the month. The AGF and all Accounting Officers of MDAs must publish Quarterly Financial Statements for the government as a whole and for individual MDAS respectively. President Muhammadu Buhari said the reason for implementing the policy is to cement government’s commitment to improving governance and supplementing the recently-launched Whistle-blower Policy and equipping the general population with the tools they need to report financial wrongdoing. This policy is unprecedented and will go a long way in enhancing transparency in governance and curtailing public sector corruption (The portal can be accessed through: b Similarly, in its effort to block leakages and promote transparency in the management of resources, the President this year approved additional cost-saving measures, particularly in the area of official travels. Under the new policy, all MDAs are required to submit their Yearly Travel Plans for statutory meetings and engagements to the Office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation and/or the Office of the Head of Civil Service of the Federation for express clearance within the first quarter of the fiscal year, before implementation. They are further required to make their presentation using the existing template and also secure approvals on specific travels as contained in the plan, from the appropriate quarters. On the Nature and Frequency of travels, all public-funded travels (local and foreign), must be strictly for official purposes backed with documentary evidence. In this regard, all foreign travels must be for highly-essential statutory engagements that are beneficial to the interest of the country. Except with the express approval of Mr. President, Ministers, Permanent Secretaries, Chairmen of Extra-Ministerial Departments, Chief Executive Officers and Directors are restricted to not more than two (2) foreign travels in a quarter. Also, when a Minister is at the head of an official delegation, the size of such delegation shall not exceed four (4) including the relevant Director, Schedule Officer and one (1) Aide of the Minister. Every other delegation below ministerial level shall be restricted to a maximum of three (3). For Class of Air Travels, the President has approved that Ministers, Permanent Secretaries, Special Advisers, Senior Special Assistants to the President, Chairmen of Extra-Ministerial Departments and Chief Executive Officers of Parastatals who are entitled, to continue to fly Business Class, while other categories of Public Officers are to travel on Economy Class. Also, travel days will no longer attract payment of Estacode Allowances as duration of official trips shall be limited to only the number of days of the event as contained in the supporting documents to qualify for public funding. c. The fight against corruption also gained momentum within the period, with high profile convictions. Between January and October 2019 alone, that’s a period of 10 months, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) secured 890 convictions. This is the highest anywhere in the world. Recall that in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, the EFCC was only able to secure 103, 189, 190 and 202 convictions respectively. The high rate of convictions in 2019 is in addition to the billions of naira in looted funds that have been recovered by the EFCC. For its part, the ICPC has launched a novel project of tracking the huge resources allocated to constituency projects over the years. The Commission has started with the education and health sectors and, already, many contractors who abandoned their projects are returning to site. The Commission has also launched the WAHALA DEY app, which is a one-stop shop for daily information from the ICPC, and for Nigerians to report acts of corruption. Let me reiterate what I said before: This is not the first time Nigeria is fighting the canker-worm of corruption, but it is the first time that the fight is being backed by a strong political will, with a President renowned for his honour, dignity and incorruptibility personally leading the fight. And that is making all the difference. I have also said that while the war against corruption is still a war in progress, it is also fair to say that corruption has now been driven under the table, and that the corrupt ones can no longer flaunt the proceeds of their corruption the way they used to do in the past. That is a major step forward. After all, every successful battle is a step towards winning a war. Our gallant men and women in uniform stepped up the fight against terrorism in 2019, despite the fact that they are not just fighting the rump of Boko Haram but also the Islamic State’s West African Province (ISWAP). Yes, they occasional attack soft targets from the fringe islands in Chad, where they have been confined by our troops, but they don’t hold any territory like they did before the advent of this Administration, when they hoisted their flag in their Bama Caliphate, collected taxes, as well as removed and installed Emirs. They no longer have such capabilities. The successful attacks they carried out in Abuja and other cities are now a thing of the past. The terrorists’ recent attempt to attack soft targets in Damaturu, the Yobe State Capital, and Biu in Borno State were repelled by the military, with the terrorists suffering heavy casualties. It is important that we, as citizens, do not say or do anything to demoralize the gallant troops who are fighting to keep us safe. It’s Christmas and New Year now and we are all with our families celebrating the holidays. But these gallant men and women are in the trenches to keep us safe. Let us remember them in our prayers and give them our support always, rather than sniping at them. Terrorism is not just a Nigerian problem. It’s a global problem and it has global ramifications. The terrorists are as irrational as they are inhuman. They do not subscribe to any religion, despite their pretensions. That explains why they reportedly murdered 11 innocent men in Nigeria recently, in a dastardly and cold-blooded manner, just to avenge the killing of ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi by US forces. The world must unite to fight this scourge of our time. Also, thanks to a multi-dimensional approach, the incessant farmers-herders clashes across the country, as well as banditry and kidnapping, have been reduced to the barest minimum. 6. BORDER DRILL Undoubtedly one of the boldest decisions ever taken by any administration in Nigeria is the decision to embark on a border drill as part of measures to secure Nigeria’s land and maritime borders. Many have called it border closure, but it is not. Recall, gentlemen, that the Nigerian Customs Service (NCS) and Nigerian Immigration Service (NIS), in collaboration with the Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN) as well as the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) and other security and intelligence agencies, commenced a joint border security exercise, code-named ‘EXERCISE SWIFT RESPONSE’, in 4 geopolitical zones of the country, namely; South South, South West, North Central and North West on the 20th August 2019. The exercise is being coordinated by the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) and is aimed at better securing our borders in order to strengthen our economy and address other trans-border security concerns. Over time, Nigeria has been confronted with numerous trans-border economic and security challenges. These challenges range from banditry, kidnapping, smuggling, illegal migration and proliferation of light weapons, among others. Meanwhile, the preference for foreign goods, especially food items like rice, has continuously impoverished our farmers and adversely affected domestic government policies supporting the agricultural sector to enhance food security. It is however disturbing that some neighbouring countries circumvent the ECOWAS protocol on transit. For clarity, the ECOWAS protocol on transit demands that when a transit container berths at a seaport, the receiving country is mandated to escort same without tampering with the seal to the border of the destination country. Unfortunately, experience has shown that our neighbours do not comply with this protocol. Rather, they break the seals of containers at their ports and trans-load goods destined for Nigeria. The effect of the border drill has been phenomenal and positive. I will list some of them – Today, Nigeria is closer to attaining self sufficiency in rice production than at any time in the country’s history, thanks to the border drill that has drastically reduced rice smuggling into the country and catalyzed rice production by our farmers across the country. We recently visited some of Nigeria’s 34 integrated rice mills as well as rice clusters in Kano. The rice mills are either operating at full capacity or have doubled their production. Before the drill, there were 12.2 million rice farmers in Nigeria, but now six million people, mostly youths, are venturing into rice production. Before the drill, farmers were cultivating rice twice a year, now that has increased to three times a year, and some rice farmers are now venturing beyond rice cultivation to milling, packaging and marketing. Overall, the integrated mills currently produce 150,000 bags of rice daily and about 35 million bags per annum – The border drill has curbed the smuggling of rice and other prohibited items into the country, led to significant seizures with estimated monetary value of over 3,500,000 billion Naira, reduced local fuel consumption by 30% and reduced the importation of arms, munitions and drugs. – Because of the drill, terrorists and other criminals are finding it hard to procure arms and ammunition while criminal elements no longer make their way into the country through the land borders. This has resulted in reduced cases of insecurity, whether its kidnapping, banditry, armed robbery or other violent crimes. – Smuggling of petroleum products out of Nigeria has been drastically curtailed, and has led to a 30% reduction in domestic fuel consumption. – Before the drill, the Nigeria Customs Service was recording about N4.5 billion daily. Since the drill started, the figure has increased to between N5 billion and N8 billion daily. – There has been a drastic reduction in illegal migration. – The exercise has provided a unique platform for the various participating agencies to operate jointly, thereby strengthening inter-agency collaboration and reducing animosity. It is also necessary to place on record that this is the first exercise in recent times, that military, paramilitary as well as intelligence and security agencies have come together to conduct such an exercise which is akin to a National Security exercise. 7. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: Gentlemen, if there is any area in which this Administration has been consistent in terms of development, it is in the area of building and revamping critical infrastructure. As we speak, infrastructural projects – roads, rail, power, dams etc – are ongoing in all the six geo-political zones. No Administration has ever embarked on such a massive infrastructural renewal, more so at a time of dwindling earnings a This year, Nigeria and Siemens signed an agreement to generate 11,000 MW by 2023. The Power Agreement is to support the activities of the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) and the 11 Distribution Companies within the country, including software maintenance and support for four years. b The laying of rail tracks on the Lagos-Ibadan Standard Gauge rail line has almost been completed and test run has commenced. c Contractors were mobilized to various construction sites across the country to deliver on the road projects. There are heightened activities on the Lagos-Badagry, Port Harcourt-Enugu and Port Harcourt-Aba, Onitsha-Enugu, Ilorin-Kabba, Loko-Oweto Bridge, Okene-Auchi Road, Kano-Katsina Expressway, Abuja-Kaduna-Kano Expressway rehabilitation and Obajana-Benin Road, among others. 8. AMENDED DEEP OFFSHORE ACT President Muhammadu Buhari, in a landmark move, signed into law the amended Deep Offshore Bill. This Act means that Nigeria will now receive its fair, rightful and equitable share of income from our own natural resources for the first time since 2003. All these years, Nigeria has failed to secure its equitable share of the proceeds of oil production, because all attempts to amend the law on the distribution of income have failed. But this Administration has broken the jinx. For the first time under our amended law, 200 million Nigerians will start to receive a fair return on the surfeit of resources of our lands. Increased income will allow for new hospitals, schools, infrastructure and jobs. Gentlemen, 2019 has been a momentous year, and this Administration has taken Nigeria closer to its Next Level target. The economy has continued to witness a strong performance, building on the steady recovery since the last recession. Nigeria has not reached its debt ceiling of 25% in total public debt stock to GDP (Debt/GDP), as it is currently on 18.99%, but its debt service to revenue ratio has been higher than desirable, which explains why the government is moving ahead with its economic diversification efforts, in addition to increasing oil and non-oil revenues and widening the tax base. Security of lives and property has remained a priority of this Administration, hence the tremendous improvement that has been witnessed in fighting terrorism, banditry, kidnapping and other acts of criminality. It was indeed a challenging year in terms of insecurity, but the federal government faced the challenge squarely to cancel doomsday predictions from the political opposition and their allies. The fight against insecurity was boosted by the border drill, which curtailed access to weapons by terrorists and other criminals. Thanks also to the drill, rice production has received a massive boost, creating millions of jobs and moving Nigeria closer to achieving self-sufficiency in rice production. The fight against corruption has received a shot in the arm, with the launch of the Administration’s Financial Transparency Policy and Portal, the increased prosecution and convictions and the tracking of the huge resources being allocated to constituency projects. The government has continued to revamp the nation’s infrastructure, while taking more steps to increase its earnings from its natural resources through the amendment of the necessary laws. We thank Nigerians for their support and perseverance, and we assure that the Administration will continue to take all measures necessary to secure the lives and property of all citizens while enhancing their welfare. We urge the opposition to join hands with us to move Nigeria to the Next Level, instead of engaging in scorched-earth opposition that benefits no one. You must have read the fake news attributed to Senator Fadahunsi that I am behind the hate speech bill at the National Assembly, and that the senator who is sponsoring the bill is fronting for me. This is a typical example of the fake news we are trying to fight. I am not the sponsor of the hate speech bill at the National Assembly. However, I remain committed to sanitizing the social media. I have said that all stakeholders will be involved in determining the modalities for regulating the social media Finally, we thank you for always honouring our invitation and we pray that 2020 brings you and your family great joy. I thank you for your kind attention.

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What are the best upcoming pc games to keep an eye on this year and the next? Hope, anticipation, agony, and elation – it’s the endless cycle of emotions we go through during the annual PC release schedule. Year in, year out, games – via Steam and otherwise – are produced in such varying degrees of quality that not a single one of them is destined for certain success. Masterpieces are released alongside utter disasters, series are born while others dwindle and, occasionally, a game actually lives up to our expectations. But despite the roller coaster ride of emotions, there are several reasons why PC gamers always look forward to upcoming games this year. For instance, more and more games are supporting cross-platform play, which means you can play with your friends no matter what platform they’re on. This is a great trend as it makes it much easier than ever to find people to play with. Moreover, in recent years, people have seen the rise of new genres. 2024 is likely to see even more new genres emerge as developers continue to experiment and push the boundaries of what’s possible. Indeed, with so many exciting games on the horizon, it’s sure to be a great year for gamers to achieve an ultimate gaming experience. So how can we possibly navigate the dizzying number of announcements, trailers, and teases to find which of the upcoming PC games we should devote our finite supply of hype to? Us old PCGamesN sages have been around the videogame block plenty of times already, so we’re perfectly placed to tell you about the titles you should be saving your pennies up for. Below you’ll find the upcoming PC games you should keep on your radar, as well as their expected release dates. Upcoming PC Games 2024 OCT, NOV & DEC It won’t surprise anyone to learn that a new FIFA game is coming out this year. Series fans will already know what to expect, including new Icons, and a new cover star – PSG’s Kylian Mbappé. Last year’s PC version didn’t receive the same engine upgrade that other platforms did, and unfortunately, it’s the same story this year – the HyperMotion technology won’t be coming to PC. EA Play subscribers will be granted ten hours of early access gameplay the week prior to FIFA 22’s release. FIFA 22 release date: October 1, 2024 Far Cry 6 Far Cry 6 was leaked heavily before its reveal during the Ubisoft Forward show, but we did at least get a great teaser showing new villain Anton Casillo – played by Breaking Bad’s Giancarlo Esposito – and the Havana-inspired setting. Far Cry 6 will bring back the Fangs for Hire system but deviates a little from previous Far Cry games in that it will feature the series’ first-ever city setting. As far as the story is concerned it’s typical Far Cry fare, you play as revolutionary Dani Rojas and will battle to liberate the tropical island of Yara from the despotic El Presidente. Far Cry 6 release date: October 7, 2024 Back 4 Blood From the creators of beloved zombie co-op FPS game Left, 4 Dead comes Back 4 Blood, a spiritual successor that sees you fighting alongside your friends to defeat the Ridden, zombified humans who have been infested with parasites. Alongside the four-player co-op story mode, there’s also a competitive multiplayer mode where you can chase your friends around like a horrible zombie. Back 4 Blood release date: October 12, 2024 Crysis Remastered Trilogy Crysis, Crysis 2, and Crysis 3 are due for a bundled remaster later this year. Players will be able to jump into the Nanosuit and experience the full story across the three games, battling aliens and saving the world. A remastered version of the first game has already been released, so you’ll be able to obtain the sequels separately if you’ve arrived early to the party. Crysis Remastered Trilogy release date: October 15, 2024 If you like extreme sports then you’ll like the new IP Riders Republic arriving later this year. Think of games like Trials Rising and Steep and add in a huge multiplayer world with challenges, trials, and competitions and you get a taste of Ubisoft’s new sports game. The trailer shows off just a portion of the gear you’ll be able to unlock as you tear up slopes and mountain ranges, and it looks pretty incredible. Riders Republic release date: October 28, 2024 Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy After many rumors, Square Enix finally revealed Guardians of the Galaxy at E3 2024, and its release date isn’t far off, either. More good news: it’s not a follow-up to Marvel’s Avengers, a game that was met with disappointment last year. Guardians of the Galaxy is a single-player action-adventure game, where you’ll play as Star-Lord alongside the other Guardians. It’s set several years after a galactic civil war after a bet goes awry for our heroes for hire. Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy release date: October 26, 2024 Age of Empires 4 Age of Empires 4 is being developed by Relic Entertainment – the team behind Dawn of War and Company of Heroes. The series has been seminal in the triple-A strategy space, and Age of Empires 4 is the first new entry in over a decade, so anticipation is high. So far, the English, Mongols, Chinese, and the Delhi Sultanate have been revealed as playable civilizations. Age of Empires 4 release date: October 28, 2021 Call of Duty Vanguard The next Call of Duty game is on its way this November, and takes place during WWII, taking a closer look at battles in The Pacific, Western Front, Eastern Front, and North Africa. There are four playable characters making up an elite group of soldiers – Task Force One. The game expands on the Zombies offering, as well as integrating with Warzone to bring a new map to the battle royale game. Here’s everything you need to know about Call of Duty Vanguard’s release date and gameplay. Call of Duty Vanguard release date: November 5, 2024 Sherlock Holmes: Chapter One The Frogwares Sherlock games might not be on everyone’s radar, but if you love detective games as much as we do then the news that the studio is returning to the world’s greatest detective will bring a smile to your face. Sherlock Holmes: Chapter One is a prequel to Frogwares’ other Sherlock games and will feature the series’ first proper open-world setting. Sherlock Holmes: Chapter One release date: November 16, 2024 Things don’t look so good for the human race in Battlefield 2042 – climate change has destroyed multiple economies around the world, there’s a food and fuel shortage, and the world is on the brink of war. The stage has been set for the biggest Battlefield game yet, supporting up to 128 players, a dynamic weather system, and dynamically changing battlegrounds. Be sure to keep an eye out for the upcoming Battlefield 2042 open beta. Battlefield 2042 release date: November 19, 2024 A multiplayer survival game set on an alien planet that you’ve attempted to terraform – but things have gone awfully wrong. Icarus is from the creator of DayZ, but instead of surviving among hordes of zombies, you’ll be battling the perils of severe weather, hostile animals, and depleting oxygen in order to survive and get back to your ship. It looks like there’s plenty of building options, as well as tools and weapons to create from foraged materials. You can test your survival skills beforehand in a series of beta weekends before launch. Icarus release date: November 2024 Space combat shooters are few and far between, so the reveal of Choru(v?)s was a very pleasant surprise. Chorus is being billed as a single-player, story-driven experience where you battle to free the galaxy from the suffocating grip of an oppressive cult. We don’t know a huge amount else, unfortunately, but the short trailer is packed with enough barrel-rolling spaceships to whet our appetite. Chorus release date: December 3, 2024 We’ve been waiting long enough for the Halo Infinite’s release date but now we finally have one, we can actually start getting excited for the “spiritual reboot” to Halo 5. 343 Industries says the game is so ambitious that it “needed” the new Slipspace Halo Infinite engine, so it’s going to look ridiculous. If that’s got you all hot and bothered, this official Xbox deodorant should do the trick. Halo Infinite release date: December 8, 2024 While it was originally tipped to be something of a Rocket League-like, Roller Champions appears to be something all of its own. As the Roller Champions release date approaches, we know that it will be a skill-based, PvP esports game with two teams of three racing around a banked track to score points. It certainly looks an entertaining spectacle, and developer Ubisoft certainly want to leverage that and grow a competitive scene around the upcoming game. It wants Roller Champions to be “as fun to watch as it is to play”, so expect the company to be courting plenty of streamers and esports personalities to ensure its longevity. Roller Champions release date: 2024 Upcoming PC Games 2024 King of Fighters XV The next King of Fighters game will see another huge roster of new and returning characters duke it out on a series of classic stages. There will be a major team shuffle; this time around, the protagonists on the Hero Team are Shun’ei, Meitenkun, and Benimaru Nikaido. SNK is also hoping to implement a rollback netcode to ensure robust online gameplay. King of Fighters XV release date: Q1 2024 It’s a meeting of minds only the most optimistic of fantasy RPG fans could conjure up, but it’s happening. The Elden Ring E3 2019 trailer gives only cryptic clues for fans to dissect for months to come, but here’s the only thing you need to know: it’s a FromSoftware open-world game written by George R. R. ‘A Song of Ice and Fire’ Martin. As you’d expect Elden Ring reflects Dark Souls’ gameplay in terms of difficulty, but combat, Miyazaki-san says, is “fundamentally different” and its FromSoft’s biggest game yet. Martin has reportedly penned reams of lore for this dark new universe, and we couldn’t be more hyped. Elden Ring release date: January 21, 2024 Tom Clancy’s Rainbow Six Extraction A mix of Rainbow Six Siege and Left 4 Dead, this co-op shooter has a lot to live up to. As players wade further into the thick black alien goo, more monsters will attempt to thwart your missions to gain intel on the mysterious threat. Fans of the series may find a lot that’s familiar to them, but Extraction heads in a different direction to the ultra-competitive esports shooting action that Siege offers. Rainbow Six Extraction release date: January 2024 DYING LIGHT 2 You’d better prepare yourself for the Dying Light 2 release date: the decisions you make in this zombie parkour sequel will significantly alter the larger world as Dying Light 2 factions compete for control. And, that’s just during the day. With Chris Avellone and The Witcher 3 writers on narrative duties, this is looking promising. Dying Light 2 release date: February 4, 2024 At Gamescom 2024, Saints Row developer Volition announced that the next game in the series will be a full reboot. The announcement trailer introduces us to the new Saints – Neenah, Kevin, and Eli, who will accompany you as the Boss on your mission to take over the vibrant city of Santo Ileso. As you progress through the campaign, you can drop in and out of co-op play whenever you like, so you can conquer the city’s nine districts with friends. According to Volition chief creative officer Jim Boone, “This is the biggest, richest, and most ambitious Saints Row game we’ve ever created.” Saints Row release date: February 25, 2024 An action-adventure game with a twist, GhostWire: Tokyo is a new IP from the developers behind the Evil Within games, with all the spookiness, if not the survival-horror elements that entail. The GhostWire: Tokyo E3 announcement trailer shows that the story from developer Tango Gameworks centers on the baffling disappearances of people from their home of Tokyo. Let’s hope this curio doesn’t go missing, too. GhostWire: Tokyo release date: Early 2024 LEGO STAR WARS: THE SKYWALKER SAGA Skywalker Saga gives you another chance to immerse yourself in George Lucas’ sci-fi fantasy world in the blocky form of Lego. But, this isn’t just a rehash of The Complete Saga with The Force Awakens tacked on: you get proper Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga space exploration in this one. The films already covered in the game are being remade, and you can tackle them in any order but, you’ll now be able to explore space just as you did Lego Marvel Superheroes’ Manhattan. What’s more, you can fight and explore the inside of Star Destroyers, each made of 18 million digital bricks. Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga release date: TBC 2024 All we have to go from the trailer is that Redfall is a game about a bunch of misfits using their guns and weird powers against a horde of cultists and vampires. But boy did Arkane Studios sell the hell out of that premise. All four of the playable characters have cool designs and even cooler superpowers: there’s the lass with psychic powers that calls on a spectral elevator to launch friends into the sky, a sharpshooter with a raven friend, a nerd with a gatling gun filled with stakes, and a techie with a tiny robot friend. They make an immediate first impression and we can’t wait to see more. Redfall release date: Summer 2024 Total War: Warhammer 3 The third entry in the beloved Total War: Warhammer series of strategy games, Warhammer 3 promises more of the same tactical gameplay, with turn-based map management and real-time battles. This time, the campaign takes place in the magical Realm of Chaos, with a campaign map “twice the size” of Warhammer 2’s Eye of the Vortex map. The Warhammer 3 factions of the Chaos gods – Khorne, Tzeentch, Nurgle, and Slaanesh – will all be present, plus Kislev and Grand Cathay as human civilizations, with more to be announced. Total War Warhammer 3 release date: Early 2024 Besides the Facebook announcement from GSC Game World owner Sergiy Grygorovych that STALKER 2 is in development, we know barely anything about the upcoming survival horror sequel. All we have is an official site with a few trailers. This isn’t the first time the game has been in production, but fingers crossed everything goes swimmingly this time. STALKER 2 release date: April 28, 2024 Two Point Campus The team behind the hilariously absurd Two Point Hospital is making another management sim; this time, we build and run a university campus. Much like how Two Point Hospital’s patients are afflicted with various fantastical ailments, the students at Two Point Campus are after some zany qualifications, attending knight school or gastronomy classes. Your job is to keep your students and staff happy as they joust on the sports field and make giant pizzas. Two Point Campus release date: 2024 Company of Heroes 3 Strategy game fans rejoice – Company of Heroes 3 has been officially unveiled. The upcoming new game in the beloved series of RTS games is set in the mountains, deserts, and coasts of the Mediterranian. The game features a ‘dynamic campaign map’ that unfolds differently over each playthrough. There’s also a ‘full tactical pause’ feature in single-player, in case you need to halt the action to assess the situation. The full game isn’t due to release until next year, but there is a pre-alpha build you can try out until August 2. Here are our pre-alpha Company of Heroes 3 impressions. Company of Heroes 3 release date: 2024 The Outlast Trials The Outlast Trials lets you share the terror of being hunted by sledgehammer-wielding brutes with friends. This time you’re not investigating a hospital, instead you and your pals are human guinea pigs in experiments being run by the Murkoff Corporation. Oh, and you can forget all about carrying a camcorder with you everywhere for night vision, instead the chaps at Murkoff have drilled night vision goggles directly into your skull. You lucky thing. The Outlast Trials release date: 2024 If you’re looking to learn how to play the guitar, or you just want to jam along to your favourite tracks, Rocksmith+ may be the perfect game for you. The original Rocksmith requires a Real Tone cable in order to register notes, however Rocksmith+ allows you to use a mobile app or an audio interface. There’s also a new subscription model which costs $14.99 per month. The new pricing model ensures that players have a large library of songs available to them right from the moment they start playing. Rocksmith+ release date: 2022 Unnamed new Sonic game A brand new game from Sonic Team has been announced, and it’s coming to PC. The Sonic Central live stream in May 2024 debuted a teaser trailer, featuring a glowing blue Sonic sprinting through a green forest, leaving a trail of pixels in his wake. We don’t know anything more yet, but we’re preparing a batch of chili dogs in anticipation. Sonic game release date: 2024 Test Drive Unlimited Solar Crown Test Drive Unlimited Solar Crown is an ‘open-world driving and lifestyle experience’. Set in a 1:1 recreation of Hong Kong island, the racing game has a heavy emphasis on style. You can customize your cars and your in-game avatar, to ensure you look the part as you zip around in your Lamborghini or Porsche, or Bugatti, or Ferrari… you get the idea. Alongside perfecting the setting, developer KT Racing has been hard at work fine-tuning the driving tech to ensure a smooth ride. Test Drive Unlimited Solar Crown release date: September 22, 2024 Homeworld, the beloved series of real-time strategy games, is getting a long-awaited third installation. Homeworld 2 was released almost 18 years ago, but in recent years, the positive reception to the Homeworld Remastered Collection and prequel Homeworld: Deserts of Kharak has encouraged publisher Gearbox and developer Blackbird Interactive to work on an official sequel. Expect more tiny ships gracefully swooping through the vastness of space, and a “ballistics style weapon system similar to Homeworld 1”. Homeworld 3 release date: Q4, 2024 When Bethesda took to the stage at E3 2018, The Elder Scrolls 6 was not the only major surprise reveal. We can also get excited about their upcoming space game: although it may be some time. It’s much further along than the company’s famous fantasy series, however, but that’s about all we know so far. Basically, when it comes to Starfield, “everyone should be very patient”. Regardless, it’s got our interstellar interest piqued. Starfield release date: November 11, 2024 Prologue is something from the developers of PUBG. The website bills it as a “an exploration of new technologies and gameplay”, and all we have to currently go on is a short teaser that features rain, a rock, the sound of breathing, and the distant sound of a dog barking. We would bet on it being a narrative experience with some horror thrown in, although it’s hard to see the studio moving away from multiplayer just yet. Prologue release date: TBC Another League of Legends spin-off, but this one follows Ekko as he travels through time. It’s an action-platformer helmed by Speed Brawl dev Double Stallion Games. Convergence release date: TBC The next offering from Platinum Games is a dark fantasy title, but we don’t have much else to go on than that when it comes to Babylon’s Fall. That doesn’t matter though: if it’s Platinum at the helm, we’re in. The reveal trailer appears to reference the mythical Tower of Babel, but we’re most looking forward to engaging in what looks like electrical swordplay as considerably overdressed knights. Babylon’s Fall release date: TBC The Wolf Among Us 2 One of the more surprising updates from The Games Awards 2019 was the return The Wolf Among Us 2. You can expect the same choice and consequence-style narrative experience of previous Telltale games. Don’t expect it anytime soon, though, as developer LCG Entertainment has hit the reset button. The Wolf Among Us 2 release date: TBC Tom Clancy’s XDefiant Ubisoft’s upcoming arena shooter will see 6v6 teams of ‘Defiants’ duke it out, using customized load-outs and powerful abilities unique to the ‘faction’ you choose. You can change your loadout each time you respawn, so you can adapt to the fast-paced battles as they develop. The game will be free-to-play, and a PC beta is currently live. Tom Clancy’s XDefiant release date: TBC The Outer Worlds 2 Obsidian’s hit retro-futuristic roleplaying game is getting a sequel. The teaser trailer doesn’t tell us much, simply showing off exotic alien landscapes and futuristic combat, but with a wry, self-aware voiceover telling us “the developers haven’t finished the [main character’s] design, or finished the story, or finished any gameplay that’s actually ready to show”. We don’t have any more details, but we’ll keep you updated as soon as we learn more. The Outer Worlds 2 release date: TBC SKULL & BONES Black Flag and For Honor meet for PvP sailing, piracy, and cannon-firing in Skull & Bones. With a familiar UI and control mechanism for anyone that’s played Assassin’s Creed’s seabound adventure, it’s got some strange scoring mechanisms, and its not just about wiping out the enemy team. Skull & Bones release date: TBC Hitman 3 developer IO Interactive has announced a brand-new project – and it’s a James Bond game. The teaser clip shows a bullet loaded into a gun, before panning around to reveal the iconic gun barrel shot – though Bond himself is nowhere to be seen. That’s all we’ve got about Project 007 so far, but we’re already sold. Project 007 release date: TBC Dead Island 2 Dead Island 2 still exists, apparently, and is making “fantastic progress” at take-over developer Sumo. Exactly how much it’ll resemble the weird Californian sun-pocalypse we saw on display during the original announcement is anyone’s guess. Development on the first-person zombie smasher has been chaotic to say the least. Last we heard in July 2018, Dead Island 2 is still in development. When it comes to the nature of its current state, however, is anybody’s guess. Dead Island 2 release date: TBC The Elder Scrolls 6 Bethesda finished its E3 2018 conference in the best way possible by announcing the upcoming PC game we all wanted: The Elder Scrolls VI. With only a teaser trailer of some rocky hills, ruined castles, and coastlines to go on, we’re still waiting on a setting, and a launch window, of course. We didn’t hear anything more at the following E3, really. Game director Todd Howard let us down early at E3 2019 to say that there wouldn’t be any further news on The Elder Scrolls 6 and Starfield but stressed that Bethesda is “still hard at work” on both of them. Elder Scrolls 6 release date: TBC Without a doubt one of the most wildly ambitious games around, Star Citizen aims to be the ultimate space exploration experience. Taking to the skies in one of numerous ridiculously detailed craft, you will engage in military service, become a reputable trader of goods, live the life of a smuggler, or become a universe-famous race pilot. That’s if development ever finishes, of course. Star Citizen release date: TBC System Shock 3 System Shock 3 was announced back in 2015, in development by Otherside Entertainment, with Warren Spector on board as studio director – however, since then, the project has been taken over by Tencent, who will be ‘taking the franchise forward. System Shock 3 release date: TBC Beyond Good & Evil 2 Yes, it’s happening, but the Beyond Good & Evil 2 release date is probably a long, long way off. According to creator Michel Ancel, the team is looking for a lot of community input to get it moving, with help from Joseph Gordon-Levitt and hitRECord. A playable Beyond Good & Evil 2 beta was said to be in the works for late 2019, however, it seems that has now been pushed back. Beyond Good & Evil 2 release date: Beyond Space And Time, Probably So nice they announced it twice, Riot’s also dipping into the fighting genre. It’s fitting, then, that we first caught wind of Project L at EVO 2019, before getting another quick peek at LoL’s 10-year anniversary show. Fighting games are a huge staple of the esports scene, from DragonBall FightersZ anime beat ‘em style to Mortal Kombat’ bloodier take on fisticuffs. We’ve barely seen anything of Project L, so we have a bit of waiting to find out what it’ll play like. Project L release date: TBC We know nothing about it other than that it’s confirmed – still, we’re incredibly excited for the return of this series. Come to think of it, we don’t even know if it’s coming to PC… Skate 4 release date: TBC Blizzard’s hero-based team shooter is getting a new lick of paint. PvP fans can look forward to a swathe of new Overwatch 2 heroes and a new mode that involves a robot pushing the payload for you, meaning that Overwatch players may now finally play the chuffin’ objective – although somehow we fear they’ll still find a way to ignore. Story fans, meanwhile, get story PvE missions that focus on advancing the game’s overarching narrative and hero missions that allow you to customize your hero’s moveset with Overwatch 2 talents. We hope to see the game arriving in 2024. Overwatch 2 release date: TBC At long last, we’ve got some confirmation on Diablo 4. We always knew it would be coming, really, but getting a look at it is exciting. We know that the Druid class is coming back to join the roster of Diablo 4 classes, and we enjoyed our playtime with it at Blizzcon. Plus, it looks like there will be plenty of scope for creative Diablo 4 builds, especially with the reveal that Mythic items will be available. Details are dripping out right now – there will be an open-world setting, and Blizzard has plans for extensive player customization. That said, the game still boasts the same balance of lootin’ and dungeon dwelling that fans have come to adore. Furthermore, if you’re interested in playing Diablo 4, there are some playing tips to keep in mind to ensure a more favorable outcome. For instance, Diablo 4’s open world is full of secrets to discover. Explore every nook and cranny to find hidden bosses, loot, and quests. Also, grind for Furthermore, if you’re interested in playing Diablo 4, there are some playing tips to keep in mind to ensure a more favorable outcome. For instance, Diablo 4’s open world is full of secrets to discover. Explore every nook and cranny to find hidden bosses, loot, and quests. Also, grind for every loot. The more of them you find, the stronger you’ll become. However, navigating the gameplay in Diablo 4 can be challenging, especially if you want to reach the max level for your character. In this case, getting a power leveling boosting service can be an excellent idea to obtain valuable rewards quickly and safely. To learn more about this boosting service, you may check out credible websites and resources, such as kboosting. Diablo 4 release date: not even coming ‘Blizzard soon’ Suicide Squad: Kill the justice league We’ve been wondering what Batman Arkham developer Rocksteady is up to for years and now we finally have our answer: a Suicide Squad game. We can’t say it’s the game we were hoping for, but Rocksteady has done a terrific job with the Batman license so we’re quietly confident. There are no real details in the Suicide Squad game reveal, but the studio teased more details at the August 22 DC Fandome event. Suicide Squad game release date: 2024 VAMPIRE: THE MASQUERADE – BLOODLINES 2 It’s been 17 long years, but now we finally have a sequel to the cult classic bloodsucker. The sequel is taking us to Seattle, but the land of coffee and grunge has been given a coagulated coat of crimson as you unravel another rich mystery. Yet, while the original is remembered fondly for its engrossing narrative, it remained rife with bugs and disappointing combat. Luckily, Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2’s gameplay plunders immersive sims such as Dishonored 2 and Deus Ex to make its vampiric fisticuffs just as engaging as its story. Following a switch of developers, we won’t be seeing a 2024 release, but we’re more than ready to sink our teeth in when it finally arrives. Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2 release date: 2024 Resident Evil 4 remake After two very successful remakes in recent years it was only a matter of time before Capcom turned its attention to one of the most beloved entries to the series: Resident Evil 4. Details about the remake were reported by VGC and while it’s allegedly a long way off we’re still very excited to see what Capcom has in store for us. Resident Evil 4 remake release date: 2024 KERBAL SPACE PROGRAM 2 The challenging space exploration game is set to launch back into our hearts with a host of new features, improved graphics, and a friendlier AI, which should appeal to long-awaiting fans and newcomers alike. Kerbal Space Program 2 is developed by Star Theory games and aims to bring an all new ‘next generation’ of features to the adorable physics puzzler. Kerbal Space Program 2 release date: 2024 RoboCop: Rogue City During the 2024 Nacon Direct show, the publishers revealed that a RoboCop videogame is coming in 2024. Developed by Terminator: Resistance studio Teyon, RoboCop: Rogue City is set in Old Detroit, where the hero embarks on a ‘first-person, explosive hunt for the truth’. The story is based on the sci-fi cult classic RoboCop films which tell the story of Alex Murphy, a Detroit police officer who is brought back as a cyborg after being grievously injured on duty. RoboCop: Rogue City release date: TBC, 2024 Wow, that’s a lot of games to get excited for, so luckily our anticipation levels are boundless already. Of course, it’s tough just keeping up with games as they come out, let alone remembering the games we should be saving for. For that we have a new PC games guide so you know the best titles you could be playing right now. For now, perhaps if you keep reading this list the games you want will come out quicker. It’s worth a go, at least. Thinking of selling your video game items for a brand-new game? Us old gamers have been around the videogame block plenty of times already, so we’re perfectly placed to tell you about the titles you should be saving your pennies up for. Below you’ll find the upcoming PC games you should keep on your radar and their expected release dates!

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This is a final version submitted for publication. Minor editorial changes may have subsequently been made. In October 1987, the goal of sustainable development was endorsed by the governments of 100 nations in the UN General Assembly. The UN endorsement followed the completion of a report by the World Commission on Environment and Development, published as "Our Common Future", which defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The concept of sustainable development has succeeded in gaining widespread support amongst the world's decision makers and power brokers because it aims to protect the environment without the need for radical change. It sets out to make necessary modifications that will enable normal economic activities to be sustainable into the future. At the same time it recognises that serious and irreversible environmental degradation should be prevented because it could diminish the ability of the planet to sustain such activities. Sustainable development represents a significant shift from the early environmentalists' idea of sustainability, which precluded unlimited growth on a finite planet, to a sustainability that is more compatible with growth. Industry groups and business associations have produced numerous documents and policy statements on sustainable development outlining how the environment can be protected in a context of economic growth, freed-up markets and industrial self-regulation. The support of environmentalists for the concept of sustainable development has been less universal. Whilst some welcome the newfound attention being paid to environmental protection and the opportunity to negotiate with governments and developers on these issues, others are more wary because of the minimalist approach that seems to be inherent in the sustainable development approach. They argue that more fundamental institutional and social changes need to take place, including a shift towards steady-state economies. Sustainable development seeks to change the nature of economic growth rather than limit it. In its introduction to the Australian edition of the Brundtland report the Commission For the Future pointed out that "Rather than growth or no-growth, as the debate about environment and development has sometimes been cast, the central issue is what kind of growth. The challenge of sustainable development is to find new products, processes, and technologies which are environmentally friendly while they deliver the things we want." At the heart of the debate over the potential effectiveness of sustainable development is the question of whether technological change can reduce the impact of economic development sufficiently to ensure other types of change will not be necessary. Changes in population growth and consumption levels seem to be off the agenda since nations were unable to come to any agreement on these issues at the recent Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. If environmental impact is a function of numbers of people (population), resource use per person (consumption) and environmental impact per unit of resource used (technology), this leaves technology as the remaining variable available for manipulation. Can technology give us environmental protection and economic development? Can it ensure equity between and within generations so that everyone, now and in the future, our far neighbours and our great-grandchildren, can enjoy the standard of living we do? Such an accomplishment would require more than just a few adjustments to existing technological systems. It would require a radically different technology. Yet if technology is socially shaped, as modern scholars of technology studies argue, can we achieve radical technological change without equally radical social change taking place? Attempts to invent and design different types of technology that were more environmentally sound are not new. The appropriate technology movement which blossomed in the 1970s attempted to do just this. The appropriate technology movement has been going for more than twenty years in many countries, and today involves an extensive network of groups, an identifiable literature of its own, as well as numerous demonstrated technological innovations. Despite this, it has failed to influence the pattern of technology choice exercised by mainstream society. Kelvin Willoughby, a US scholar who has studied this movement, points out that while it has "achieved a modestly impressive track record of successful projects" and despite the "appeal and commonsense nature of the movement's core ideas, the movement has largely failed to evoke the transformation of industrial and technological practice in most countries in accordance with the principles of Appropriate Technology. In other words, while becoming a significant international movement Appropriate Technology has remained a minority theme within technology policy and practice." (1990, p. 12) Langdon Winner (1986) has argued that most people in the appropriate technology movement ignored the question of how they would get those who were committed to traditional technologies to accept the new appropriate technologies. They believed that if their technologies were seen to be better, not only in terms of their environmental benefits but also in terms of sound engineering, thrift and profitability, they would be accepted. Many of the advocates of appropriate technologies made no attempt to understand how modern technologies had been developed and why they had been accepted or why alternatives had been discarded. Winner claims that "by and large most of those active in the field were willing to proceed as if history and existing institutional technical realities simply did not matter" (1986, p. 80). It is important not to put too much emphasis on technological factors without considering the social, political and economic factors that can be crucial in the shaping and implementation of technologies. It seems that those pinning their hopes on technology to deliver to us a sustainable future may well be doing the same thing as the Appropriate Technology Movement before them. Having the technological means to reduce pollution and to protect the environment does not mean that it will automatically be used. According to Patrick McCully, writing in The Ecologist, "The reason that the USA is the most polluting nation in the world has little to do with a lack of energy efficient technologies or renewable methods of producing electricity: it has a lot to do with the size of the country's oil, coal and automobile industries and the influence they have on the political establishment. In the UK, the public transport system is expensive, unreliable and infrequent, not because the government cannot afford to improve it or does not know how, but because the vested interests behind public transport have negligible power compared to the influential road and car lobbies. (1991, p. 250) Given that there are many environmentally beneficial technologies are already designed and available for implementation, there is a need to look beyond the designer of technology to other people in society who affect decisions about technological choice including businesses, governments and consumers. Business and Industry At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the governments of 170 nations signed Agenda 21, the action plan for sustainable development which said that "Through more efficient production processes, preventive strategies, cleaner production technologies and procedures throughout the product life cycle, hence minimising or avoiding wastes, the policies and operations of business and industry, including transnational corporations, can play a major role in reducing impacts on resource use and the environment. Technological innovations, development, applications, transfer and the more comprehensive aspects of partnership and cooperation are to a very large extent within the province of business and industry." Yet although the burden of technological change seems to lie with business and industry, many firms are not implementing environmentally beneficial technologies, despite their availability. The ESD Working Group on Manufacturing found that firms did not "appear to have made full use of available technology and management with respect to energy efficiency" and that "in many industries, a range of technologies for green products and cleaner production are already available but have not been generally adopted." Moreover, efforts to clean up the environment have tended to concentrate on technologies that are added to existing production processes to control and reduce pollution (end-of-pipe technologies and control devices) rather than changes to the production processes themselves. The alternative to end-of-pipe technologies is to adopt new `clean' technologies that alter production processes, inputs to the process and products themselves so that they are more environmentally benign. It is suggested by Cramer and Zegveld (1991, pp. 461-2) that process technologies should be used that require less water (for example, by alternative drying techniques), energy and raw materials, and that reduce waste discharges (for example by developing detection and separation machinery and process-integrated flue-gas cleaning and filter systems). Also, raw material inputs and processes can be changed so that, for instance, solvent-free inks and paints, and heavy metal-free pigments are used. The end products can be redesigned to reduce environmental damage during both manufacture and use, and waste flows can be reused within the production process rather than dumped. Clean technologies are preferable to end-of-pipe technologies because they avoid the need to extract and concentrate toxic material from the waste stream and deal with it. The ESD working group on manufacturing has categorised waste management strategies according to a hierarchy of desirability, ranging from clean technologies to disposal methods--the latter being the least desirable. The OECD found that, in 1987, most investment in pollution control was being used for end-of-pipe technologies, with only 20 per cent being used for cleaner production. Cleaner technologies are not always available and, even when they are, companies tend not to replace their old technologies until they have run their useful life. Also, companies prefer to keep to a minimum the organisational changes that need to be made; they like to play it safe when it comes to investment in pollution management. The ESD Working Group commented that, "it is apparent that in many cases end-of-pipe technologies are readily available, easier to adopt and more evident as anti-pollution measures than clean production processes". According to the working group, "The rate of uptake of new cleaner technologies by industry will depend on each firm's assessment of a complex array of long and short-term costs and benefits from this action. The age and residual life of current plant and equipment, and the investment climate, will be critical to new capital expenditure decisions. The prospect of gaining consumer goodwill and a competitive edge from cleaner production, or the prospect of increased costs for pollution and waste disposal, would also be expected to be important determinants ... Adverse publicity or its likelihood may act as a powerful incentive to lagging firms to clean up their act. (pp. 62-3)" A series of media reports and books, such as The Green Consumer Guide (Elkington & Hailes 1989), have given many people the impression that the environment can be saved if individuals are responsible in their shopping habits and buy only environmentally sound products. The idea is that firms wanting to take advantage of this new demand for green products will change their production processes and redesign their products to meet the demand. Environmentally sound goods will become profitable. This view has been reinforced by David Pearce, former advisor to Margaret Thatcher, and his colleagues who stated that "Sustainable Development means a change in consumption patterns towards environmentally more benign products, and a change in investment patterns towards augmenting environmental capital. (Pearce, Markandya & Barbier 1989, p. xiv) The tendency for consumers to prefer environmentally sound products has already become evident. Surveys show that a significant proportion of consumers in Australia and other high-income countries, although by no means the majority, make an effort to buy green products such as pump packs, unbleached papers and items made of recycled paper. About 28 per cent would pay more for safe aerosols and biodegradable plastic products, and 35 per cent for natural foods that were not produced using pesticides. Firms of suppliers and users can also influence firms through their purchasing or product stewardship policies. Some firms are already introducing systematic environmental purchasing policies, and some are making specific demands on their suppliers for products such as plastics without PVC or plastics that can be recycled more easily. Marketing managers who recognise the opportunities that might be opened up by the growth of green consumerism can encourage their firms to invest in `clean' technology and then market their products on that basis. They can also convey to their firms the potential for environmentally damaging activities or discharges to receive adverse publicity. (Schot 1992, pp. 48-50) Such ideas have already prompted a surge of advertisements and labels claiming environmental benefits. Green imagery is used to sell products. Caring for the environment has become a marketing strategy. However, the power of consumers to influence technologies is limited. Often their information is confined to advertising claims that may well be misleading. The claims may have very little substance. Greenpeace campaigners Dadd and Carothers (1990, p. 10) claim that Chevron, a multinational oil company, spends about five times as much publicising its environmental actions as it does on the actions themselves. The choices that a consumer faces are not clear cut either. Green consumers tend to prefer natural fibres rather than synthetics, but the cotton industry and large-scale sheep grazing also result in significant environmental problems. The debates over whether plastic packaging is better or worse than paper packaging for the environment, or whether milk bottles are better than cartons, are sure to confuse consumers. The ESD working group on manufacturing points out that any judgement about whether a product is ecologically sustainable is extremely complex, requiring long-term assessment from manufacture to disposal, and taking consideration of how long the product will last, whether it can be reused or recycled, whether it is biodegradable, how much energy it consumes and how efficiently it uses resources. Other matters that need to be considered include the way the product will be used, transported, distributed, marketed and packaged. Dadd and Carothers point out that the products available to consumers do not necessarily reflect consumer demand. If it is cheaper for a company not to recycle bottles, then it will not. They say that car companies push "big cars with high compression, high-pollution engines on the American public" because they get the biggest profit from them, not because the public demands them. Another example is given by US scholar Patricia Hynes (1991, p. 474). She argues that in the USA organic food products make up only 4 per cent of the market, although demand would easily be 5 to 10 per cent. She argues that government policies prevent farmers from giving up methods of farming that are highly dependent on agricultural chemicals. Whilst consumers may influence packaging and some ingredients of products, they are usually unable to influence more hidden aspects of a product such as whether a retailer or manufacturer uses rail or road transport to transport their goods. They are unlikely to to affect more fundamental production decisions that might lead to clean technology rather than end-of-pipe technologies. Governments are in a much better position than consumers to influence such decision through a variety of mechanisms. They can reinforce the role of the consumer through provision of information about the health and environmental impacts of products and production methods used in their manufacture and by preventing false advertising. They can also encourage the development of new technologies by funding or subsidising research and development. Governments tend not to be very good at translating government financed inventions into commercial successes. Policies to subsidise firms to change their innovation processes for environmental protection purposes have not been very successful, either. Experience in the Netherlands between 1975 and 1990 showed that subsidies were not usually spent on clean technologies, and that they usually went to larger firms that would have made the required investments anyway. Moreover, subsidies have tended to lead to development of end-of-pipe technologies rather than changing the direction of the technologies being developed. Governments can also encourage the development and implementation of clean technologies through the use laws and regulations which cannot be met without technological change or through the use of economic instruments which are meant to provide a financial incentive for technological change. A number of studies have shown that environmental legislation can be a key factor in many industry innovations. A study of 164 innovations in Europe and Japan found that regulations (mainly environmental and safety) not only promoted innovation but were a factor in the success of these innovations, particularly in the chemical and automobile industries (Royston 1982, p. 15). This was because the technology for meeting the regulations was often readily available; it had not been implemented because company engineers had other priorities. Government regulations had forced a reordering of priorities, allowing technological changes to take place fairly quickly, and environmental and safety improvements to follow. However, regulation seldom leads to the development of radically different technologies; rather, to technologies closely related to those already being used. Laws and regulations tend to lead to end-of-pipe technologies because they are usually too weak and are aimed at quick remedies to severe environmental problems. In order for them to affect the original design and shape of a technology, they need to be very stringent--so stringent that existing technology will not suffice. They also need to be introduced progressively so that a firm can anticipate what will be required and have time to develop innovations. In some cases in the USA, standards have been set on the basis of environmental or health requirements rather than on available technologies. This has resulted in new technologies being developed and implemented. Lawsuits, regulations and the threatened ban on PCBs forced PCB users to develop product alternatives. Most of these substitutes were cheaper than the PCBs they replaced. Bans on CFCs in aerosols resulted in two innovations: a non-fluorocarbon propellant was developed using carbon dioxide, and a new pumping system was introduced that did not depend on propellants and was actually cheaper. Wastewater pre-treatment standards proposed for effluent from the electroplating industry were predicted to force a closure of 20 per cent of electroplating workshops. A research and development project following this announcement produced a new rinsing method--the `providence method'--which reduced water consumption by one-third and cut hazardous waste production by 50 to 70 per cent (Caldart & Ryan 1985, p. 315). All of these cases show that constraints on industries are not necessarily detrimental to their viability. Charles Caldart, of the Centre for Technology and Industrial Development, MIT, and William Ryan of the Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group, have expressed the conviction that regulatory approaches "must not be bound by existing technologies and existing economic conditions. Rather, public policy must encourage the type of innovation that can spur technological breakthroughs and alter economic circumstances. In short, we believe it is possible to change production technologies." (1985, p. 310) Economic instruments also seek to encourage technological change by providing a financial incentive to encourage firms to direct their research and development towards environmentally sound technology. However, like legislative instruments, economic instruments have tended to be too weak to achieve any real technological change. The OECD (1989) has found that in most cases charges are too low to provide such an incentive and merely act to redistribute money from the polluter to the government. Similarly, tradeable pollution rights have been found to save money for industry but not to have improved environmental quality significantly. Because of the reluctance of governments to act against business interests, legislation and economic instruments are seldom tough enough to foster technological change of the type required for ecological sustainability. Although such regulation would probably strengthen business in the long run, business people see strong government intervention as an infringement on their autonomy. Barry Commoner, a well-known US environmentalist, argues that business people are supported in this because there remains a strong public conviction "that the decisions that determine what is produced and by what technological means ought to remain in private, corporate hands." (1990, p. 153) Sustainable development relies on technological change to achieve its aims but will governments take the tough steps that are required to force radical technological innovation rather than the technological fixes that have been evident to date? Such measures would require a long-term view and a preparedness to bear short-term economic costs while industry readjusts. It is hard to see governments being willing to do this in today's socio-economic climate in Australia. David Dickson, a well-known writer on technology and former editor of New Scientist, has pointed out that an alternative technology can "only be successfully applied on a large scale once an alternative form of society" has been created. Even if cleaner technology can be implemented will the reductions in pollution be enough? Dutch Professors Cramer and Zegveld argue that they will not, if production continues to grow. Giving the example of their own country, where the purchasing power of the average person is expected to increase by 70 per cent by the year 2010, they argue that "an incredible reduction in discharge levels and waste flows per product unit would have to be realised to achieve the aim of a sustainable society" (1991, p. 464). They believe this is not realistic. On top of this, production would need to increase ten times if everyone in the world were to live at the same standard of living as those who live in affluent countries such as Australia. They claim that the growth of both production and freely disposable income would have to be restricted if pollution levels are to be reduced. It would appear that so long as sustainable development is restricted to minimal low-cost adjustments that do not require value changes, institutional changes or any sort of radical cultural adjustment, the environment will continue to be degraded. The ESD Working Group chairs, in their Intersectoral Issues Report, pointed out that, unless substantial change occurs, the present generation may not be able to pass on an equivalent stock of environmental goods to the next generation. "Firstly, the rates of loss of animal and plant species, arable land, water quality, tropical forests and cultural heritage are especially serious. Secondly, and perhaps more widely recognised, is the fact that we will not pass on to future generations the ozone layer or global climate system that the current generation inherited. A third factor that contributes overwhelmingly to the anxieties about the first two is the prospective impact of continuing population growth and the environmental consequences if rising standards of material income around the world produce the same sorts of consumption patterns that are characteristic of the currently industrialised countries." (ESD Working Group Chairs 1992, p. 10) Environmental degradation is not precluded by a minimalist approach to sustainable development however. The goal of sustainable development is viewed by some economists and business groups as being merely to preserve the environment to the extent that it is necessary for the maintenance of the economic system. For them future generations can be compensated for the loss of environmental resources by increased wealth and human capital with which to meet their needs. Such a scenario would see Australians living in an increasingly artificial world with areas of unspoilt wilderness increasingly distant, crowded and less diverse. They would be spending more of their money and time obtaining those things that are often taken for granted today - clean air, clean water, clean food, places to walk, play, swim. Not everyone would be able to afford these things and certainly not every nation would be able to enjoy the living standards of Australians. But of course this scenario presupposes that our policy-makers will be able to make the finely balanced decisions that ensure those functions of ecosystems that are necessary for human survival and economic activities are preserved; that our societies are knowledgable enough to know just how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere can take, how much pollution the air and water around us can take without triggering a sudden and irreversible collapse. Any scientist will tell you we don't know these things. Even if Australians put their faith in the ability of human ingenuity in the form of technology to be able to preserve their lifestyles and ensure an ever increasing level of consumption for everyone, they cannot ignore the necessity to redesign our technological systems rather than continue to apply technological fixes that are seldom satisfactory in the long term. Technological optimism does not escape the need for fundamental social change and a shift in priorities. Environmentally sound technologies are unlikely to emerge from a sustainable development approach that seeks to incorporate the environment as part of the economic system and therefore to subordinate it to economic needs. There is a real need to value the environment apart from and above its input to our economic well-being, to see that environmental quality is irreplaceable. Only then will the short-term financial costs of the move towards sustainability be willingly borne by all parties. Beder, Sharon 1993, The Nature of Sustainable Development, Scribe, Victoria. Beder, Sharon 1993, `Pipelines and paradigms: The development of sewerage engineering', Australian Civil Engineering Transactions, vol. CE35, no. 1, March, pp. 79-85. Caldart, Charles and Ryan, William 1985, `Waste generation reduction', Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 309-31. Commoner, Barry 1990, Making Peace With the Planet, Pantheon Books, New York. Cramer, J. & Zegveld, W. C. L. 1991, `The future role of technology in environmental management', Futures, vol. 23, no. 5, June, pp. 451-68. Dadd, Debra Lynn & Carothers, Andre 1990, `A bill of goods?', Greenpeace, vol. 15, no. 3, May/June, pp. 8-12. Dickson, David 1974, Alternative Technology and the Politics of Technical Change, Fontana/Collins, Great Britain. Ecologically Sustainable Development Working Group Chairs 1992, Intersectoral Report, AGPS, Canberra. Ecologically Sustainable Development Working Groups 1991, Final Report--Manufacturing, AGPS, Canberra. Hynes, H. Patricia 1991, `The race to save the planet: Will women lose', Women's Studies International Forum, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 473-8. McCully, Patrick 1991, `The case against climate aid', Ecologist, vol. 21, no. 6, Nov./Dec., pp. 244-251. Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development 1989, Economic Instruments for Environmental Protection, OECD, Paris. Pearce, David, Markandya, Anil & Barbier, Edward 1989, Blueprint for a Green Economy, Earthscan, London. Royston, M. G. 1982, `Making pollution prevention pay', in Making Pollution Prevention Pay: Ecology with Economy as Policy, eds Donald Huising & Vicky Bailey, Pergamon Press, New York. Schot, Johan 1992, `Constructive technology assessment and technology dynamics: The case of clean technologies', Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 17, no. 1, winter, pp. 48-50. Willoughby, Kelvin 1990, Technology Choice: A Critique of the Appropriate Technology Movement, Westview Press, Boulder. Winner, Langdon 1986, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago. World Commission on Environment and Development 1990, Our Common Future, Australian edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.

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Dr. Gina Forrest (she/her) is the Chief Culture Officer at Aspire Indiana Health, and Marcos (He/Him) is the Manager, Employee Engagement. A fully integrated healthcare provider, Aspire offers both primary medical and behavioral healthcare, but also addresses social drivers of health like employment and housing. Their support programs are numerous. Aspire Indiana Health employs~600 in Indiana. Including You Interview with Dr. Gina Forrest and Marcos Navarro Garcia Voiceover Announcer (00:02): This is Including You, the new series from Lead at Any Level. Including You features stories from chief diversity officers and other executives who are creating inclusive cultures in their organizations. Our goal is to show what’s working in companies just like yours, to give you the tools you need to keep pushing for progress in your own workplace. We want to create belonging and opportunity for everyone, including you. And now, here’s your host, Amy C. Waninger. Amy C. Waninger (00:35): Welcome back to Including You. I’m your host, Amy C. Waninger, the inclusion catalyst. My guests today are Dr. Gina Forrest and Marcos Navarro Garcia of Aspire Indiana Health. Dr. Forrest, she/her, is the Chief Culture Officer, and Marcos, he/him, is the Manager of Employee Engagement there. A fully integrated healthcare provider, Aspire offers both primary medical and behavior healthcare but also addresses social drivers of health, like employment and housing. Their support programs are numerous. Way too many to list here. I tried. I couldn’t read it all in one breath. They do a lot at Aspire, and they employ about 600 people in the state of Indiana. Dr. Gina, Marcos, welcome to the show. Dr. Gina Forrest (01:19): Thank you so much. Thank you for having us. Marcos Navarro Garcia (01:22): It is great to be here. Very excited for this talk. Amy C. Waninger (01:26): We’re doing something a little bit different today. Normally I have one guest per episode, but Dr. Gina, you had a different idea for today’s episode. Can you tell us a little about why we’re shaking things up? Dr. Gina Forrest (01:37): Sure. Shaking things up on a personal note, number one, I’m here. I’ve been in this role for a while. I’ve been doing this for a long time. And I want to be that role model to our younger professionals, as how do they get this experience in having these kinds of conversations? So I wanted this, and you are so gracious enough to say yes, to let this be a joint venture between both Marcos and myself as we talk. Also, to provide those different lenses. I identify as a Black woman. I’m 48. That’s not how Marcos identifies. So as much as I try to be as inclusive and keep up on things, he’s going to have a different lens. I think it’s important for your listeners to hear from both sides to get that more well-rounded perspective, because we are so different in both of our identities. So I thank you for this opportunity, and so happy to be here with Marcos to have this conversation. Amy C. Waninger (02:36): I’m excited to have both of you. Marcos, we had a couple of conversations early on. I actually contacted you first to say, “Hey, do you want to be on the show?” And you said, “We need to bring in Dr. Gina.” So you two have referred each other to this episode? Marcos Navarro Garcia (02:51): We really have. I’m really grateful for her mentorship. I would say we’re a dynamic duo, if I had to say so myself. I think we work really well together. Really thankful to be here. One thing that I found in this role, I’ve been with a lot of people who are maybe just now realizing that Gen Z has arrived in the workplace. And so that’s why I’m really excited because I think there’s lots of, oh, studies show. Oh, experts say. Well, you have a Gen Zer right here who’s in the workforce, who has feelings, has opinions on things, and I’m ready to share. It’s exciting because I think this change is coming with this new generation. Every year, another class of Gen Z is graduating college and entering the workforce. It is an exciting time to be working in people and culture, and I’m really excited to share about it. Amy C. Waninger (03:42): That’s fantastic. I want to reiterate that point because a lot of folks are still talking about millennials as if they’re 19 years old, and that is just not the case. We have moved on. A whole generation has turned over since this conversation started, so it’s time to update our understanding and our lingo around young professionals. Marcos Navarro Garcia (04:01): Yeah, I 100% agree. It’s really interesting too. I think millennials and Gen Z are very different, very different. So yeah, just excited to get into the weeds of that today. Amy C. Waninger (04:12): Excellent. Let me start by asking you, why is diversity and inclusion so important at Aspire? What is it that is driving the investment and the focus on this work? Marcos Navarro Garcia (04:26): Diversity, equity and inclusion, it really permeates everything we do. We serve clients who, in many cases, really are living on the margins of society. They’re coming to Aspire and sometimes their experiences are a result of these various systems that did not allow them to have adequate access to the resources they needed to prevent some of the illnesses we’re working with them to treat. For example, some of our addiction services. They’re dealing with that addiction because of numerous amount of factors, numerous amounts of barriers. They’ve had to face trauma. They didn’t have resources to take care of without resorting to addiction beforehand. We’re doing the work. Our organization is doing the work of trying to meet our clients where they’re at and really help them take control of their life to the extent that’s possible. For us, we’re doing the work in a lot of ways. It’s just how can we label that? How can we talk about it and establish a common vocabulary and understanding that we are serving people who are in need? We should be proud of that. We shouldn’t try to politicize it. The term “woke” is being thrown around as some sort of insult. People get caught up in the weeds of other personal politics. They don’t realize you’re doing the work. You’re advocating for people who need it most. For me, I think that’s really important about keeping that in front of mind. At Aspire, we are doing that work, and I’m really excited to help navigate this journey on just getting everyone to a place where they can be proud to say that we’re doing DEI work every day. Dr. Gina Forrest (06:04): I couldn’t agree more. If you think about an organization internally and externally, just what Marcos said, we are serving clients and participants, who being on that margin of society, whether it’s race, ethnicity, LGBTQ, whatever ailment they might have, how are we reaching them? We’re doing a pretty good job. But if you think internally, are we also doing a good job with our diversity, equity, and [inaudible 00:06:39]? I think we’re fortunate to work at Aspire, and we’re fortunate that our CEO and the board felt that there was value in our roles, so we can actually take a strategic look at what are we doing internally to make sure all of our employees feel like we’re celebrating diversity, we’re embracing inclusivity, we’re embracing and living belonging as well. And then that will hopefully, of course, just have a trickle effect that if our internal folks are trained and have that understanding, they’re just going to increase how they treat the people that we’re serving. So it’s just very important to our mission, vision, and values that we focus on diversity, equity, inclusion, and that whole intercultural competency piece. Amy C. Waninger (07:29): It is so important, because when you’re dealing with healthcare, you don’t know who’s going to walk through your doors. These are extremely personal issues that people are dealing with. Their health, their mental health are very personal, but the lack of support, the structures, are systemic. And so when we fail to notice that we may treat this person in a clinic or in a hospital room, but we’re sending them out into a world that may not be supportive of them, that may not give them a soft place to land, that may not be physically safe for them, we’re not treating the whole patient. And I think it’s such an important thing to recognize and to invest in and to educate your employees about. A lot of my clients are healthcare clients. We talk about people coming in are so vulnerable in a healthcare setting, they’re vulnerable just in general, but when they walk in, there’s such a difference in knowledge. There’s this huge knowledge gap. There’s a huge power gap. And that’s under the best of circumstances. When we think about if the dominance of your clientele aren’t in the margins or they’ve been pushed out of the central hubs of society, now we’re really getting into some important soul work and spirit work for the employees but also social justice work in the moment. What have you done at Aspire? Is there one or two initiatives that really have moved the needle for you in terms of the work that you’re doing and marching forward with this message and bringing everybody on board? Marcos Navarro Garcia (09:12): Yeah. I’m really proud to say that a lot of that is the crux of what my team, so to speak, is doing. I work with a wonderful colleague named Tiffany. We make up the Employee Engagement and Experience team. This is a new department. It’s new to Aspire. Dr. Gina has also taken a really bold step forward with it because we’re not under HR. I think a lot of places you’ll see it’s a person or just an office under a wider HR scope. She’s taken us out of it because she wants our focus to solely be on the employees, on their experience. How engaged are they? I know in some organizations when you have these teams under HR, what ends up happening is a lot of us are HR generalists who focus on engagement 15 hours a week or so. No. Our focus full-time is the employee experience at Aspire Indiana. Number one, I think it’s that. It’s re-envisioning how to structure an organization on the people side like that and really removing us from the HR functions. Number two, just to dive into some of the things our team is doing, we’re really proud to be partners with Culture Amp, proud customers of Culture Amp to implement employee engagement surveys, amongst other surveys that we’ll be distributing annually. But right now, we just closed our first engagement survey to have some meaningful data on how are our employees feeling? What is the everyday experience like at Aspire on both our clinical and non-clinical sides? It dives into so many aspects of our culture, whether leadership, management, communications. We’re really excited. We have meetings coming up to really dive into those results and to develop some action plans on how to move forward. Because one thing we’ve been learning throughout this process is people don’t get survey fatigue; they get action fatigue, follow up fatigue. They’re like, “I’m tired of taking a survey, and then nothing is done with that data.” So we’re really proud that we are moving forward with that data to push our organization forward. Part of the Employee Engagement and Experience team as well will be diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. We can call them resources, trainings. We’ll be offering trainings. We’ll be offering educational pieces. So really, again, spread that vocabulary, raise that consciousness in the organization about what does this look like in practice? What does it look like beyond the definitions? How do we actually interact with these ideas every day in our lives? I would limit it to those two for now. We’re really moving the needle in terms of our culture at Aspire. Dr. Gina Forrest (11:45): I love that. Thank you so much, Marcos. You are right. It’s an exciting time. I’ve been in my role since May. Marcos has been in his role since September. In this time, what we’ve been trying to do is understand the organization currently. What does that look like? What are the units, the departments, the offices? What does that look like from a structure point of view? Then we’re on a listening tour right now. We’re actually meeting with every department to say, here we are. This is what you’ll see from us. So those listening tours are giving us that valuable information that we’ll be able to take, again, to tweak and to add to the programming that Marcos and his team, Marcos and Tiffany, will be able to create. Another thing that we’re doing is a new department called Career Success. Again, we’ve moved that out of HR so we can have that focus on not only employee engagement and experience, but also on career success. So we’re taking a deep dive look at orientation and how orientation is so important, so you can have that new candidate that’s connected to the organization’s mission, vision, and values. That team will also do some mapping for us as far as career development and career mapping. We know that studies show, and we’ll get to this I know, the younger millennials especially and the Gen Zs, they want to be able to say, “I’m hired in here at this level or at this position, but if I want to stay here for more than a year, where will I go? It doesn’t always have to be equated to a promotion or salary, but is there career opportunities for me?” So they’ll look at that. Another thing that that team will do, we’re going to separate out, and we’re going to call it success with synergy, and actually spend time with our supervisors, our managers, our directors, talking about the soft skills. The soft skills also incorporate DEIB. How do you have that active listening? How are you bringing your empathy to that conversation? One thing Marcos didn’t mention, which is amazing, is he’ll start a Communities of Connection, which is our employee resource groups. I can’t wait for him to get that going. Just, again, another layer of that connectivity piece for our employees to feel like, “You know what? I belong here.” That, yes, you’re doing a great job. 39 hours a week. You’re doing a wonderful job. This one hour; let me take that hour weekly or biweekly or monthly… I don’t know how we’re going to do it yet, but that one hour to say, “You know what? Let me be in my employee resource group or my communities of connection so I can have that bonding feeling.” Yeah, I’ll stop there. Those are just a few of the things that we’re doing with his department, with another department. Again, just re-imagining what does HR look like? But let’s come out of some of those pieces so it can be highlighted on that same level so we can say that, “Yep, this is just as important as other functions because what is our greatest asset in any organization is our people?” And so to be able to really say it is, that’s why we have all these departments dedicated for the people and they’re touching the person at their whole life or their best self, and how can we help support that? Amy C. Waninger (15:10): That is beautiful. I want to commend you first of all on all the things because there was so much in there, but particularly on this notion of orientation and onboarding because so few companies get this right. It’s a shame because if you can make the first day, the first week, the first 90 days of employment a positive experience, where people are not wandering around wondering what they’re supposed to be doing, who they’re supposed to be talking to, what are the rules here, when they really understand not only are they hired, but they’re welcome and they’re invited and they’re cared for early on, that sets the tone for all of the things that happen afterward. And done well, that can really lead to amazing retention results. But done poorly, you’re going to have a revolving door of talent. In the healthcare space, we are seeing tons of burnout among nurses, doctors, support staff, administrators. I have to imagine that strategically just that piece alone would be something that would make you very much more competitive for talent in the healthcare space in Indiana, than some of the other facilities around. Would you agree? Dr. Gina Forrest (16:29): I would agree, most definitely. We know that when you hire someone, when they leave, one of the biggest reasons that people will always give will be salary. It’s really easy to say, yeah, I left because of salary. But if you do a little digging and we have, why are you leaving, yeah, salary’s up there, but it’s not our number one. When you do the digging, it usually does come down to the people, the belonging, the education, the knowledge. Do I feel that I have the tools that I can do my job efficiently? Do I get along with my manager? Do I get along with my colleagues? Who do I turn to for help? What if I feel burnout? Salary’s important, obviously, but we feel, and we’re trying to build that our competitive edge will be our culture in our organization. And it’s these pieces that we’re hoping to do that will set us apart, focusing on that person and focusing on all the DEI lenses of that person so they feel like they can bring their self to work in that authentic way. Amy C. Waninger (17:39): Thank you, Dr. Gina. Marcos, I want to go back to this notion of not only are you doing employee engagement surveys, you’re also doing listening tours. A lot of companies will choose either a quantitative approach to understanding employee sentiment or a qualitative approach, which is the listening tours, to understanding employee sentiment, and then sometimes they’ll start with one and move to the other, but it sounds like you’re doing them both at the same time. Can you talk a little bit about what you feel like you’re learning by taking that approach that you might miss if you were only doing one or the other? Marcos Navarro Garcia (18:15): Yeah, of course. Storytelling is such a powerful tool. It is such a powerful tool for connection and understanding. We love our data that we’re getting from our engagement survey. It is so useful. Some feedback that we get from people when they’re taking these surveys are, I wish you would’ve asked me this, or there wasn’t really an appropriate place for me to share this story, and I really wanted to share it. And so when we’re doing these listening tours, we’re finding these stories. We have a lot of employees that are like, “I’ve been here 15, 20, 25 years? No one’s asked me why I’ve stayed so long.” In these listening tours, we’re finding the reasons that people stay. We’re finding these deep connections that people have to their clients, the work that they do. Some of our employees started out as our clients, and that’s how they came to meet Aspire Indiana. As they went on their journey, they were eventually eligible for employment, and now they’re giving back and serving people who used to be in the position they were once in. This listening tour is really allowing us to hear those stories, connect with people on those stories and factor them into our culture, because if our culture’s just numbers, it’s a little cold. It’s almost a little dehumanizing. And so integrating that qualitative approach keeps those stories alive and really embeds those in our culture. That’s one thing we’ve been finding is just it really helps us connect all the data together through stories. Amy C. Waninger (19:44): I absolutely love this approach. I’m curious, what results are you seeing? Dr. Gina, you said you’ve been there almost a year at the time of this conversation, Marcos, a little less than that. What kinds of results are you already seeing with the work you’re doing and what do you hope will come from this? Dr. Gina Forrest (20:03): What we’re seeing so far is just one, I would say from the listening tours, we’re learning just what Marcos said, which is the things that they didn’t know where to put it. Or who do I tell this to? Who would I share this with? Does this information go to my supervisor or what? It’s like we’re that neutral ground for them to tell us those stories. So that’s been really nice and enlightening. We’ve been hearing positives and negatives. And let’s be real. That’s what’s going to happen. There’s positive and negative, and that’s okay. We need to be okay with hearing the negative just as much as we’re as okay as hearing the positive. We can’t change what we don’t know. We can’t change what we don’t acknowledge. So we want to hear it all. From the quantitative survey, we haven’t dug into the results yet. It actually just closed a couple of days ago. But just glancing at it, I would say it’s pretty even with the qualitative data, which is we’ve got lots of great results of I love it here. I would never leave here. But then there’s the other pendulum, like, I’m not happy here. Here’s why. Again, not really any surprises, but I think what it will do is it’ll give us that now we know it. It’s not an opinion. It’s not a guess. Now we have it not only from quantitative, but we have it qualitative. And now let’s look at it. Let’s be transparent with the data. Let everyone know. And then what is our action from that? I’m just excited about that piece. I’m excited about the front end, of course, the listening tours, but I’m more excited about actually seeing the data and then developing those strategies between Marcos’ team and maybe Career Success’ team to be able to say, “We heard you. We might be weak in this area now, but we’re going to strengthen it up because we heard you.” We don’t want to miss that opportunity by asking and then not doing action. We are going to do the action. Amy C. Waninger (22:04): One of my guests on this show previously, named James Thomas from Alaska Airlines, he had this quote that I love. He said, “Don’t just admire the data; do something with it.” I thought that was such a beautiful sentiment because, Marcos, as you were saying, when you survey people and nothing changes, they stop responding. And when you actually take the time to listen and put things into action short term, I always advise my clients do some short term quick wins so people can see traction, that’s what builds trust, but also have some strategic long-term plays so that you’re capitalizing on the momentum and your data will actually change over time. People will forget the quick wins after a while, but you need that traction to get going. It sounds like you’re doing some amazing things. I know you’ve got ERGs or your Communities of Connection coming up. You’re doing a lot of training. What else is in the pipeline for you at Aspire? Marcos Navarro Garcia (23:01): Yeah, just a subulate on the ERGs. Thank you for bringing those up, Dr. Gina. We’re really excited about those. One of the components we’re adding with the ERGs also too is we want to cultivate a space for allyship. We’re not exactly sure how it’ll look like yet. I do think a lot of times there are people who really want to go on a DEI journey, so to speak, and they just want a space for that and maybe they don’t feel it’s appropriate to join an identity focused ERG as an ally. If they’re not really sure how to really walk into that space, respectfully, mindfully, intentionally, they don’t know where to begin. So we’re really excited that we’re going to implement that component as well, and we’re thinking about making it even more specific. Especially when you focus about race, I think there’s a lot of white people who would like to be allies. They grew up being taught, don’t talk about that. If we just stopped talking about it, maybe it wouldn’t be an issue. They’re realizing that it’s not a feasible solution, but they don’t know where to begin. How do you talk about race in a culturally competent way? Or what actually happened? I grew up being taught that this happened, and now we have people in the 1619 Project, for example, that are pushing us to really reimagine how we look at race relations in America and the origin of it. For us, we’re thinking about also specifying it with the group focused on that, focused on teaching our white colleagues how to talk about race if they don’t know how to already. Whereas the allyship group would really be for everyone. For example, maybe there’s a person of color in our organization who wants to be an ally to LGBTQ folks. They don’t have LGBTQ friends, or there’s no one in their family that they know of, and they want to know how to begin. So we’re really excited about those components to it as well. Because even though I think ERGs are to build a more inclusive culture, that’s the premise, I understand that there’s a hesitation to join if you’re not part of that membership. So we want to really create a way to address that hesitation and then hopefully get rid of it. Hopefully, as a result of these programs, people are like, “You know what? Yes, I do feel comfortable going to these events. I do want to support. And now I know how to. I have a toolkit. I’ve had those conversations, asked questions that felt awkward.” That’s another thing we’re doing is that we want to build a space where, yes, you can ask questions. Yes, you can walk in not knowing. Let’s just have some intention behind it. Let’s be willing to learn and willing to grow even through the growing pains, to get us to a place where everyone can feel like they belong in our organization. Amy C. Waninger (25:36): I am so excited for your employees. I am even more excited for your clients and patients because what you are building is going to give them a world-class healthcare experience that they are probably not accustomed to. I think this is phenomenal work across the board. I am so glad that you are here in my community doing this work. I’m an Indiana native and I live here. I am so grateful for your time and for you sharing your talents and your insights with my audience today. Thank you. Marcos Navarro Garcia (26:15): Thank you so much for having us. It’s been a pleasure. Make sure to follow us via Indiana Health. We’re on all social media platforms. This is on LinkedIn, so make sure to follow us. Keep up with what we’re doing because our Marketing Communications team is just as impressive as we are; if we have to pat ourselves on the back. Dr. Gina Forrest (26:32): I love that, Marcos. Yes, definitely. Our Marketing Communications team, they’ve won lots of national awards, so I’m proud that they’re with us as well. Thank you, Amy, for this time and for allowing us to share what we’re doing at Aspire Indiana. And any other time you want us back to talk about us, we’ll definitely be there. Or any other topic as far as DEIB, we are happy to do so from the lens of whatever, from my identity lens, from Marcos’, just to get that comparison or anything. We’re happy to be here, and thank you. Thank you everyone for listening as well. Amy C. Waninger (27:07): Thank you so much. We’ll have all the links in the show notes. Voiceover Announcer (27:12): If you’ve enjoyed this episode, follow Lead at Any Level on LinkedIn and YouTube. Then join us for Including You video simulcast every Thursday at noon Eastern. Including You can also be enjoyed each week as part of the Living Corporate Audio Podcast Series available on all major podcast platforms. Learn more at living-corporate.com. Including You is brought to you in part by Lead at Any Level, a boutique training and consulting firm improving employee engagement and retention for companies that promote from within. Lead at Any Level; leaders can be anywhere and should be everywhere. Learn more at leadatanylevel.com. Lead at Any Level and its logo are registered trademarks of Lead at Any Level LLC. The views and opinions of guests on our show do not necessarily reflect the positions of Lead At Any Level, Living Corporate, or the sponsors of Including You. Amy C. Waninger (27:57): That’s it for this week’s episode of Including You. Join me next week when my guest will be Errol Pierre, author of, The Way Up: Climbing the Corporate Mountain as a Professional of Color.

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In the summer of 2024, I will be coming out with my new book Whippoorwill Willingly. This is a slight move away from what you might be used to seeing coming from my pen. It is a piece of fiction. In fact, some might consider it a young adult novel, but I think of it more as a guided dream for all ages. I hoped to offer a panacea for what has been disturbing us for the past several years. The book revolves around the adventures of an eleven-year-old girl and is made of gentleness, with a good smattering of hope. I have always believed in the Muses and have experienced a variety of different voices coming through when I write, depending on the project, but I have rarely felt so very “written through” as with this book. The first illustration has just arrived from my illustrator and friend Sarah Wunsch. I have deemed it absolutely, divinely perfect for the project. I thought it might be nice to share this with you. Several people have asked if it is possible to purchase a print of my grandmother’s painting of the Owl and Girl which graces this site. There is a small printing company called Encore Editions that carries the image and will make various sizes for purchase. Visit their website and search for Jane Morton Norton. That is my Grandmother (1909-1988). She would be thrilled by the attention to her art. One thing that I can see that is coming to light from our time spent with the pandemic is the great disparity of how each of us is impacted. One might be enjoying her isolation, as another longs to escape. Some are pulling fifty-hour shifts in chaotic ICU wards, while others are learning how to bake with the quiet time offered them. Some are dying, while others are learning to live more authentically than ever. Life is a paradox. It always has been. Anytime you are enjoying a meal, you can be sure that a mother, somewhere in the world, is unable to feed her child. Life is unfair. This has always been true. But, it is also true that life around the globe is improving. The New York Times contributor Nicholas Kristof writes a piece at the end of every year about the state of the world. I try and send it around to friends. The world makes great strides every year in the alleviation of poverty and all the ills that accompany it. It’s vitally important, if we wish for the lives of every member of the family of man to improve around the globe, that the awareness of the disparity of how those lives are lived comes near enough to touch our hearts. This pandemic is bringing this understanding nearer. I pray we listen to what it has to teach us. So many of us are fearful of the battle going on in Washington, it feels so very mired in divisiveness and hatred. I understand that it is tough to stay positive of our future. If one is too hopeful of things coming right, one risks being seen as naïve, as not following politics closely enough. It is difficult to keep one’s faith alight when there is so much news that frustrates, infuriates. I understand, but at the same time I continue to believe that the progress of mankind is inevitable, and I hold on to the belief in the ultimate unfolding of the good and noble spirit of this country. One notion that keeps me afloat is the belief that there are beings, (let’s call them angels) who watch over the souls of nations. I like to try and picture our country’s grand angel, hovering over us, loving us, guiding us. Two years ago, while talking to a friend on the phone who lives in New York City, I went to a despairing place around the apparent narrowing of our country’s generous spirit. I lost my hope for a moment, and so in turn did my friend. We finally hung up from the exhaustion of our shared despair. An hour later, exactly five minutes apart from one another, we sent each other photos, which we had just taken of the sky over our homes, (one hundred miles from one another). Each image was of an unusual cloud. My friend’s photo revealed a magnificent feather in the sky over Manhattan and my photo was of what looked to be a grand spirit coming down from the heavens to kiss the ground. We had spoken in the past of the idea of that an angelic being might be employed to watch over us. We were both at least willing to believe that The United States had such a guardian. We were truly lifted. At the risk of being perceived as too trusting, I encourage you to try and keep the faith in the good spirit of our nation. We will come through this. I have been walking in the same rural park for twenty-five years with my dogs, and for a time, I followed a path that took me by two tall straight maple trees. Every day, while nearing them, I found that I would stop and stare in the direction of these trees, as if there were something, or someone there that arrested my attention. I wondered whether it could be an angel, or some other spirit of the forest. Once I stopped, and could see that some trees just behind these two tall trees had fallen and created a cross. After some time I thought I would bring a little gift to whomever it was arresting my attention in this spot in the woods, and brought a small cross of red glass (just an inch tall). I hung it on a tiny chain on one of the trees. The next day as I approached this spot, the sun burst through the woods, bounced off of the cross and hit me in the chest with a tremendously warm, red vibrancy. I stood in this light for sometime, feeling that it had some other-worldly power. It really was tremendous. I felt deeply touched. After this day, assuming that this wonderful experience was due to the timing of my arrival, and the sun’s angle, I attempted to arrive around the same time in the morning to elicit the same response from the angle of the sun shining on the cross. But, as much as I tried to recreate the conditions of the light display, this phenomenon was never repeated. Throughout the four seasons of seven or so years, the cross hung in the same spot, but never reflected a single shaft of light. I had to conclude that the piercing light I experienced the day after I had offered the gift to the woods had been a sort of thank you. At the end of those seven years, the cross disappeared. I hope whoever took it found it a comfort. At some point, during a particularly hot summer I started to walk another section of the park that would allow for my dogs to cool off in a lively creek. I walked this path for another seven years or so, but have just recently altered my course to follow the path that passes the two maples again. The other day I thought to myself, I wonder if it really was a being in this spot near the trees that I was sensing? An angel perhaps? When I neared the trees, I was arrested by a leaf hanging by a long thread of an old cobweb. The leaf, twisting and moving on its thread would turn gently, allowing me to see it from all angles, and then move away to the right on an angle that made it look so much like a little bird that it was truly uncanny. I watched this magical leaf/bird/leaf/bird for sometime before I took my phone out to capture its display. click on link below This past winter I revisited an old love from my childhood. When I was seven, the movie Thomasina was released. I was thoroughly in love with this film, narrated at times through the mind of a cat, and revolving around a difficult, and seemingly heartless veterinarian with a practice in a small village in Scotland. I remembered the movie mostly for one character: a woman believed to be a witch by some of the residents of the town, and who lives in the hills caring for the wild animals. These creatures would find her cottage when wounded or distressed and she would keep them and care for them until they could be rereleased into the wild. Over half a century passed before I thought to search for the film. It was difficult to find, I had to purchase it, but I was charmed all over again, such a beautiful story exploring faith and redemption. Though I adored the movie, I suspected that it might have only hinted at the depth of the story – it was, after all, produced by Mr. Disney – and so I went searching for the book. I am so happy I persevered! The book, written by Paul Gallico, explores the themes of prayer and faith with such a graceful pen. I highly recommend it! Thomasina, by Paul Gallico We have just witnessed a political narrative of enormous consequence in our country with the testimony of Dr. Christine Blasey Ford stating that Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her when they were teenagers. We cannot know the truth, because none of us was in that room when the alleged assault occurred. There are those who will say that they believe her without question, and those who say that they believe him without question, but none of us can know with absolute surety. There was a third person in the room, Mark Judge, who has denied Dr. Ford’s allegations. In Christine’s testimony she said that several times during the assault she looked pleadingly at Mark to help her and he chose not come to her aid. Thirty years later, when Christine again looked to Mark to come to her aid, he chose not to support her allegations. If what Dr. Ford testified to having happened is the truth, then Mr. Judge was given two chances to right a wrong, and chose twice to decline. Having watched both Dr. Ford’s testimony and Judge Kavanaugh’s defense, I lean heavily toward believing Dr. Ford, but I understand that I may never know the truth. And, though I believed that Judge Kavanaugh’s response to the allegations, his coming unhinged, his partisan rant should have disqualified him, the choice was made by the majority in the senate to allow this man the great privilege of serving the court, and I must accept this. This could be viewed as a win for those who wished for his confirmation. And, for those who did not wish for this man to be confirmed, it could very well be viewed as a loss. But I have to believe that if a win is based on a lie it is ultimately a loss, and that which is construed as a worldly win will prove not to be a win after all. Just before Jesus departed the world he told his disciples not to despair, that he would send them the comforter, the Holy Spirit, that which he called the “Spirit of Truth.” We might be tempted at times like these to believe that the Spirit of Truth is on holiday, taking a long nap, or worse. I don’t believe this. The Spirit of Truth is still very much alive. Indeed, I have found with my own wrestlings with the truth, and by observing others, that each time we are given an opportunity to speak the truth, and make the choice to bury it, the Spirit of Truth is given even greater license to find ways of exposing our falsehoods. These opportunities will come round and round in the course of our lives, and each time the opportunity is given us, it will be more painful for us to push the deceit back down into our spirits. Our spirits long to speak the truth. The truth sets us free from the bondage of living with a lie. I have also observed that each time we are given an opportunity to release a lie, the consequences of not doing so are greater. A lie will eat at our mental and physical health, our lives, our happiness. Take heart, friends, the Spirit of Truth has suffered no wounds from this national narrative, it is still tirelessly working to set us all free. Barking to the Choir by Gregory Boyle I heard an interview on NPR recently with the Jesuit priest Gregory Boyle. For those who are not familiar with him, he was placed in the eighties as a parish priest in the poorest, gang-beleaguered neighborhood in LA. And, as a result, founded Homeboy Industries, the largest gang intervention, rehabilitation and re-entry program in the world. Greg told the interviewer that he was moved to become a Jesuit because he went to a Jesuit school, and he found the Jesuits to be the funniest people he knew. He is a very funny person himself, and his writings, and I understand his talks, are more stand-up comedy than one might expect, given his subject matter. The radio interview was to promote his second book, Barking to the Choir, which I immediately downloaded as an audio book. I liked his voice. I only listen to audio books in the car, and so spent the next couple of weeks driving around in a state of heightened emotions, drowning in tears and explosive hysteria. Each trip to the grocery store was a lifetime’s worth of enlightenment. It is a story of true walking faith. I have always believed that comedy was holy. Like music, it falls from heaven. How else could we absorb such stories as the histories of those drawn and affected by gang violence, without falling into utter despair? This book does more than allow us to walk in the shoes of those in Gregory Boyles’ world, it lifts us into the luminous atmosphere of pure love. “Throw away all of your books on faith,” I wrote on his Amazon page, “and read this book!” Approximately nine months after I turned in my playwriting pen for one that I could use to write essays, I began to pray for an editor. As with many of my prayers, the longer I waited for the answer, the pickier I grew, adding all sorts of conditions to my original request. Among my list of qualifications were that this person be clear, firm, smart, (but not smart enough to refuse to take me on) and, most important, gentle. At some point during this time I volunteered to help my childhood friend Boo pack up and move her mother Doris out of her apartment in Massachusetts. Doris had been my grandmother Jane’s closest friend. This grandmother is the one who painted the painting on the cover of this book, and who had such a positive influence on my childhood. Boo and I allowed ourselves two days for packing and sometime during the afternoon of the first day we panicked. “We have to go out to get more boxes,” Boo said. “Yes,” I agreed, “but if we do that we will never be finished in time.” We proceeded to stare off in paralyzed lethargy. A moment later my editor Aina Barten walked through the door. Her husband followed with a stack of boxes. Of course, I didn’t know at the time that she was my editor. She was another of my grandmother’s friends and, I was to discover, worked at the time editing for Orion Magazine. Did my grandmother have a hand in orchestrating this encounter? I’m not sure how these things work, but I do know that Aina is the perfect answer to my fussy prayers. This story was a precursor to that which I recently encountered after praying for a book designer for this project. After months of prayer and added embellishment, I began to lose heart. I wanted someone who shared similar sensibilities, who would create something lovely, but (and this is the tricky part), I hoped for someone I could work with in person. My very fine poet friend, Hayden Saunier, who it turns out made a living for several years as a copy editor, fell easily into my team, willing to plod through my book, pointing out boo-boos and inconsistencies. A friend of Hayden’s suggested I take a look at a website based in England that connects authors and designers. I searched and searched the site with growing frustration. Most of the near 400 designers would have been a miserable fit, and those who vaguely resonated lived in Glasgow or Sidney. The next day my friend Carolyn Mercatante, the artist who took such care with the woodland illustrations for the chapter headings (also a perfect fit), offered to sit with me while I looked through the site. We combed and combed, with nothing even remotely speaking to us, when we stumbled upon Brooke Koven, and both heard the Halleluiah Chorus. “Perfect!” we sang out. “I don’t care where she lives!” I added. We did look to see where she was located, out of curiosity, and discovered that her address was twenty minutes from where we sat. Kismet. Of course, nothing ever seems that simple when one is anxiously hoping for answers. The few paragraphs above represent fourteen years, and buckets full of doubts. But, all the while, I can see that I was guided. So, let me thank the one who guides me. Thank you Dear, for my Grandmother Jane who painted, for Aina who edits, for Carolyn who draws, for Hayden who proofs and for Brooke who designs. I am all-aglow with gratitude. I think it is time I introduced my beloved George MacDonald. Perhaps some of you might be familiar with his children’s literature. I began reading him as a child and have never let up. MacDonald was born in Scotland in 1824, became a minister, and because of his honesty with his parishioners about what it really means to follow the teachings of Jesus, he was slowly forced out of his parish. Offered a lower and lower salary, as his wife produced more and more offspring, MacDonald was finally forced to retire. I say, thank God for this because it gave him the time and inclination to write. This he did with a fury for the rest of his life, piling up forty novels, many fairy tales, several children’s books and reams of poetry. My first introduction to him was a book written for children called The Princess and the Goblin, the first of two books about Curdie, the son of a coal miner, who helps to rid his kingdom of goblins. The book is very beautifully written, and captured my heart. There is a metaphor for God in the book, a mystical grandmother of sorts, which illuminates the ways in which God might work in our lives. I have read the book many times since a child, and memorably revisited it when I went through a particularly painful failure (or so I viewed it) of one of my plays in New York, when I was in my early thirties. Grateful to have my good friend by my side, I was much comforted, and learned to see the experience as instructive, a gift rather than a beating. I’ve read this book so many times before and since this experience that it has taken up permanent residence on my bedside table. There is a door, I believe, in each of us, that I will call The Child Door. It’s through this door that the simplest, purest philosophical thought will sometimes enter. This is the door that allows us to welcome truth without the weight of dogma, to begin to remember what we might have known before we came into this life. I hope to write a piece for Listen Well about the wisdom of keeping this door ajar, or if somehow it has been allowed to shut, to attempt to pry it open. I would recommend, if you wish to invite these simple truths into your life, that you consider reading George MacDonald. You might begin with The Princess and the Goblin, and continue on to his collection of Fairy tales. Ok, so a Christian a Muslim and an atheist walk into a restaurant. One of them gives the waiter all sorts of hell, complains about his table, sends his food back, twice, and refuses to leave a tip. Do we care what the man’s theology is? I would like to give a shout out to my atheist and agnostic peeps. I have known plenty of people who deny, or are unsure of the existence of a spiritual world, but whose daily practice of loving-kindness would astound. If I understand the basic teachings of Jesus correctly, anyone who treats his neighbor as he would hope to be treated is a practicing Christian. And, we are all just practicing our creeds, our philosophies. I would rather see the teachings of Jesus acted out in service than in lip service. I am heaps more uncomfortable with the fundamentalist than the atheist, though it is possible to be a fundamentalist atheist, and these can be pretty frightening. Any philosophy can be twisted by a rabid mind. I will not always recommend books whose authors wear their religion on their sleeve. There are some books that are written with such a loving pen, such generosity toward their characters, that I consider these books to be transcendent. I will try and recommend books that have taken me to a place where my mind has been lifted into the finer atmosphere of love. One such book is The Tender Bar by J. R. Moehringer. The book is a memoir of the author’s upbringing on Long Island, raised by a single mother and the kindly regulars of local watering hole. “Everyone has a holy place, a refuge, where their heart is purer, their mind clearer, where they feel close to God or love or truth or whatever it is they happen to worship,” writes Moehringer, of the bar where his uncle bartended, and where he found a group of fathering souls. I fell in love with this book. I hope you will too. You might have noticed that the Listen Well site has undergone a shmancy new upgrade. At some point during discussions with my web designer it was suggested that I might wish to write a small blog. “But, the spoken word pieces serve as a blog!” (or a blab, as I like to call it), “Wouldn’t this be redundant?” But then it occurred to me that I might use the space to do what I like most to do to my friends: nag them into reading the latest book that I have fallen in love with. I can love a book with overwhelming obsession. I fall like a teenager, and aggravate everyone around me with my worshiping zeal. But unlike a teenager, I am not fickle, and certain writers have occupied rooms in my heart for so long that I consider them family members. “Ah yes,” I might say, “I believe that was said by old uncle Ralph Waldo.” Or, “has anyone seen my copy of cousin Clive’s The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe? I was thinking of pushing it on a new friend.” In fact, let me begin my recommendations with this first book of C. S. Lewis’s Narnia series. My grandmother read The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe to me when I was five, and I fell utterly in love. I was to read the full series when I was a bit older, and have continued to revisit these books throughout my life. They are among the wagon-full of books that I have pulled along beside me through life. They have continued to sustain me throughout every decade, sharpening my faith, my curiosity, my love of life, nature, animals. When I was a child, I did not understand that the figure of the great lion, Aslan, was a metaphor for Christ, and that the books were loaded with allegory. I just knew that I loved them, and I loved Aslan. In later years I would come to appreciate the wisdom behind this choice of allegorical figures. The image above is of a wooden lion’s head that hung on my grandmother’s wall for years, and now hangs on mine. It has always reminded me of the great Aslan, and has led me back to the land of Narnia time after time. If you have never read this series, or only did so as a child, I beg you – you see what my friends have been putting up with for years? – I strongly recommend that you run to the store and buy a copy of the first book in the series, The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe, by C. S. Lewis.

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Phoenix Suns have had their share of memorable games in their history. These are the most exciting games we have witnessed. Suns at Bucks Game 7, Milwaukee 1976 (Finals) The Suns have been on the brink of the championship several times, but they’ve never reached the top. Among their best teams were the 1976 squad that lost to the Boston Celtics in six games and the 1993 squad that lost to Michael Jordan’s Chicago Bulls in six. Perhaps their most exciting game ever was Game 7 of that 1976 series, which went double overtime and featured a controversial ending. The Suns were the underdogs in their first NBA Finals appearance. They would go on to face a Bucks team with three future Hall of Fame players (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Oscar Robertson, and Bob Dandridge). The series was tied 3-3 going into Game 7 in Milwaukee. The Suns jumped out to a big lead early. Things became very tense as the Bucks clawed back into the game by halftime. The Suns then went on an 11-0 run to extend their lead in the second half. The Bucks tied it late in the game and forced overtime, where they eventually won 101-94 for the championship. The Suns had a seven-point lead with less than two minutes remaining in regulation when the officials gave Phoenix’s Garfield Heard a technical foul for hanging on the rim after scoring. John Havlicek made both free throws, and then Paul Westphal fouled Dave Cowens, who made both of his free throws to tie it. In overtime, the teams traded baskets until Milwaukee took a 102-100 lead with one minute left. The Suns called timeout and set up a play for Dick Van Arsdale, who drove past Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to hit a layup and tie it at 102. The Bucks called timeout but missed a final shot, sending it to another overtime. Suns at Bulls Game 6, Chicago 1993 (Finals) The Phoenix Suns had been there before. They fell behind in the second half, tied it up at the end of regulation, and scored just enough to pull off a victory in overtime. What made the difference was that this time, they weren’t playing the Portland Trail Blazers or Seattle Supersonics. They were playing the Chicago Bulls in Game 6 of the NBA Finals. And when it was over, they had their first title in franchise history. The Suns had already been to the Finals twice in the ’70s, but this was a new generation. The Suns were the West’s top seed and had the league MVP in Charles Barkley, while Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen led a Bulls team that had just won back-to-back championships. The series went six games with Chicago winning the first two at home. Phoenix tied it up with two wins at America West Arena and then dropped Game 5 at Chicago Stadium. This set up a decisive Game 6 back in Phoenix. The Suns put on an awesome display of shooting from all over the court, shooting 61 percent from the field and 55 percent from three-point range. That included Dan Majerle going 7-of-9 from downtown and Barkley hitting 8-of-14 shots overall for 35 points. Phoenix won the game 128-121 to force Game 7. It was their only win of the series, but still one of the franchise’s most memorable games ever. Suns at Lakers Game 5, Los Angeles 2006 (1st Round) If you are one of those people who believes that the NBA has become too much of a player’s league, the 2006-07 Phoenix Suns would be Exhibit A. They were a team of castoffs and misfits who came together under head coach Mike D’Antoni and played fast, exciting basketball. In fact, they were the only team to score 100 points in every game during the regular season. Unfortunately, they never really got any respect. Most pundits picked them to fall in the first round of the playoffs against the Los Angeles Lakers. But it was not to be as Steve Nash and company took out Kobe Bryant and Co. in six games for one of their most memorable victories ever. The 2006 NBA Playoffs weren’t exactly the most memorable postseason in Phoenix Suns history, but this game was pretty special. The Suns were up 3-1 in the series, but were on the road against a Lakers team that had Kobe Bryant and a younger Lamar Odom. What followed was an incredible display of basketball by two of the best players in the league. In a back-and-forth thriller, Bryant and Nash both finished with 48 points, with Nash adding 11 assists to his total and Bryant adding 10 rebounds. It looked for a while as if Nash’s heroics would be enough to secure a win for Phoenix on the road, but it was not to be. Down 114-112, Bryant took over. He scored 10 straight points for L.A., including a clutch three pointer with just over a minute left to give the Lakers a 120-114 lead. The Suns would cut into the deficit late thanks to some free throws by Nash and eventually got it down to just three points at 125-122 with only seconds remaining, but they could not get any closer. Suns vs. Spurs Game 5, Phoenix 2007 (1st Round) The Phoenix Suns were on the brink of elimination. They were down 3-1 in the series, and just lost Game 4 by 17 points on their home court. The whole world had counted them out, but not us. We took to the streets to find other Suns fans who still believed in our boys. We found a few believers and even some haters who didn’t think the Suns could pull it off. The Suns had won Game 3 of the series by three points after a last second shot by Steve Nash. So we knew that they could beat the Spurs if they just played their game. But in Game 5, they did more than play their game — they beat the Spurs at their own game. The Suns won both games in San Antonio, and when they returned to US Airways Center, they won both games there too. The Spurs were shocked by how well the Suns played defense throughout the series, but it was especially impressive in Games 6 and 7, when they held Tim Duncan to 37 points combined in two games. The Suns had a 3-1 lead in the series, but the Spurs won Game 4 at home to even the series. The Suns were up by as much as 21 points in the game, but Tony Parker led a 24-5 run to get within three with just over six minutes left. San Antonio tied it at 93 on a layup from Manu Ginobili with 2:01 to go. Tim Duncan hit a jumper to give the Spurs the lead for good, but it was still only 99-97 with 57 seconds left. Boris Diaw missed two free throws for Phoenix, and then Parker hit two free throws after an intentional foul on Steve Nash to make it 101-97 with 10 seconds remaining. Leandro Barbosa scored four points in five seconds to cut it down to one, but Parker hit one free throw with 1.9 seconds left to make it a two-point game. Nash missed a 3-pointer at the buzzer that would have won it for the Suns. Phoenix Suns Will Return To Glory in This Year’s NBA Season As the NBA season is set to hit off very soon, many fans are excited to see what their favorite teams will bring to the table. One of the teams that has been underperforming in recent years is the Phoenix Suns. The team has recently invested in a new coach and hired some big names to help get them back into contention as they look to make a splash in this upcoming season. One of the most exciting things about being an NBA fan is watching your favorite team succeed and win games. However, it can be hard for fans when their team isn’t doing well, which is why people are always rooting for a resurgence from their favorite squads. The Phoenix Suns have been one of those teams that have had a hard time winning games in recent years but with the addition of Chris Paul and Deandre Ayton, there are reasons for optimism heading into this season. Here are some reasons why I believe that the Phoenix Suns will return to glory in this year’s NBA season this year. Devin Booker – key component this year Devin Booker, who has been playing for the Suns since 2015, will continue to be a key component of their offense this year. He has averaged 20 points per game during his career and is rapidly improving as a player. The team has also added two other promising players in Deandre Ayton and Mikal Bridges who will help Booker on both ends of the court. The team’s coach, Igor Kokoskov, is going to prove himself after his first season at the helm. He showed that he can make smart adjustments as he led the team to success late in the regular season last year. The team is also full of young talent that needs to be managed properly and Kokoskov will have another year under his belt with these players. Paul George is one of the most talented swing players in the league today. Paul George is one of the most talented swing players in the league today. He has an incredible handle on his size and strength, which allows him to play both guard positions at an extremely high level. He can shoot threes with ease and is one of the best defenders in basketball right now. If he can get better at creating for others and improve his decision making when driving towards the rim, then he could become an All-Star-caliber player by next season. Most analysts believe that Paul George’s arrival to Phoenix is going to change everything for the Suns. With his ability to play as either a shooting guard or small forward, he is expected to make life easier for Devin Booker and Deandre Ayton. The three-time NBA All-Star has all the tools needed to lead a team on both ends of the floor. If he can stay healthy and remain focused on winning games, there is no doubt that he will help Booker and Ayton bring back Phoenix as one of the best teams in the Western Conference. The Phoenix Suns have made some impressive acquisitions The Phoenix Suns have made some impressive acquisitions in recent years, including landing All-Star forward Kevin Love via trade with Cleveland Cavaliers last season and signing center Tyson Chandler away from division rival Dallas Mavericks this summer. The Suns also drafted talented young prospects such as guard Devin Booker and forward T.J. Warren, who will join a roster that already boasts point guard Eric Bledsoe and center Alex Len. The addition of Love, who averaged 16.4 points and 9.7 rebounds in a career-high 75 games last season, will be key to Phoenix’s offensive game plan as he will be able to space the floor with his three-point shooting ability while being a threat on the interior with rebounding ability at 6’10” tall. Chandler is a defensive upgrade over the departed Miles Plumlee, who was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks this summer along with fellow big man Tyler Ennis in exchange for Knight. Chandler averaged 10.3 points on a career-best 67 percent field goal shooting last season while grabbing 11.5 rebounds per game, which was good enough for third in the league behind Houston Rockets center Dwight Howard (12.4) and Los Angeles Clippers forward DeAndre Jordan (13.6). Ways To Show Your Support For The Suns This Season As a Suns fan, you’re already familiar with the team’s most popular merchandise — hats, jerseys and the like. But what if you want to show your support in a different way? Here are some ideas. Share Your Suns Pride Share your enthusiasm for the orange and purple with friends and family on social media. Show Your Colors Wear orange and purple every day, or at least on game days. You could go all out and make it your official uniform, or just try to have those colors represented in your wardrobe somewhere. If you’re feeling ambitious, t-shirts are easy to make and the only time they don’t look stupid is when you’re supporting your favorite team. Deck Out Your Room You don’t have to be a kid to do this one. Obviously you can get posters of your favorite players and hang them up, but it doesn’t stop there. How about a carpet that’s colored like the court? Bedding in team colors? Even paint can work for walls that aren’t shared with other people. Gifts For The Suns Fan In Your Life If you’re a Suns fan, chances are you’ve got a friend or family member who’s also a fan. You probably find yourself thinking about what to get that special Suns fan in your life for holidays and birthdays. There are so many great gifts out there for Suns fans, but it’s not always easy to find them. That’s why we’ve compiled this list of our favorites. Whether they’re into wearing the gear or decorating their house with it, we’ve got you covered! Here are some Phoenix Suns gift ideas for someone who loves the Suns: The Valley Phoenix Suns NBA Short Sleeves Button Down Hawaiian Shirt is a stylish way to show off your support for the Suns. It is also a great gift for yourself or any fan of the team. It’s perfect for vacations, beach parties, BBQs, and other fun events. The shirt is made from a comfy polyester/cotton blend and button-down front. The shirt is made from a comfy polyester/cotton blend and features team colors, an embroidered team logo graphic, and button-down front. The Valley Phoenix Suns NBA Short Sleeves Button Down Hawaiian Shirt is a stylish short sleeve. The fun floral print with the Phoenix Suns logo on the front is sure to impress and get you noticed. The suns logo is embroidered on and shows the teams colors. The shirt has a button front closure. This is a perfect and easy way to show your team spirit. It is made of 100% cotton and it’s machine washable and dryable. Great for work or any casual occasion. This Phoenix Suns NBA Skull Printed Hawaiian Shirt is made of high quality fabrics that has moisture wicking properties which will keep them cool and fresh even when it’s hot outside. Whether you’re at the game or watching them on TV, this phoenix suns hawaiian shirt will allow you to support your favorite team while staying comfortable. This makes a great gift for holidays like Christmas or Fathers Day as well as birthday gifts and more. The NBA Phoenix Suns Camo Hawaiian Shirt is a great way to show your support for your favorite NBA team while on vacation. This comfortable shirt is perfect to wear to a game, at the beach or just out on the town. It features the American flag logo. The Phoenix Suns camo Hawaiian shirt is made from 95% polyester, 5% spandex and is machine washable. With the Phoenix Suns Hawaiian Summer Button Down, you will be able to get into the groove of the NBA season while looking stylish and cool. It’s never too early to show your love for your favorite team. And with this shirt, you can do just that while still looking sharp and feeling good. This t-shirt is a great gift for the Phoenix Suns fan in your life. The shirt features the bold Phoenix Suns logo on a beautiful floral background. You will be a winner with this Phoenix Suns Hawaiian Beach Shirt NBA Team Apparel Button Hawaii Shirt. It’s an original Hawaiian styled island shirt with a team spirit! This classic beach shirt has coconut buttons and is made of polyester. Your favorite NBA team is featured in a colorful design on the front. This is the perfect shirt for game day or any day you are feeling like your favorite team. Beautiful Shirt Is Perfect For The Summer! Great To Wear To The Beach Or A Fun Vacation! Or You Can Just Wear It In Your Own Backyard! Phoenix Suns Men’s Hawaiian Shirt. Made from 95% polyester, 5% spandex Materials-Arrival Green Color Tropical Hawaiian Camp Shirts. With a button-down collar and a straight hem with side vents, it’s perfect for work, barbecues and other casual settings. These men’s shirts offer lightweight comfort in a classic fit. A tropical inspired design is completed with an allover print. Show your passion for the Phoenix Suns with a stunning 3D hoodie that showcases your team pride. A stunning 3D sublimated Phoenix Suns logo is printed to cover the entire hoodie, so you can express your loyalty for your favorite NBA team in style. The front kangaroo pocket provides storage space for essentials such as a phone and keys, while the drawstring features chrome metal aglets to add extra sophistication. Made from 100% polyester and featuring double needle stitching on the cuffs and hem, this hoodie is an ideal way to display your unwavering support for the Phoenix Suns basketball team all year round! Our Phoenix Suns NBA US Camo Team Printed 3D Hoodie is made to keep you warm and show support for your favorite sports team. Wearing this hoodie will look cool, perfectly match your pants and shoes, ensure you are in good shape and will definitely make you stand out. This can be perfect for daily wearing or outdoor activities in cold weather. Best gift to your husband, friends and basketball lovers. The team logo will show your team spirit anywhere. Fleece inside and zipper closure keep you warm in winter. Machine washable. The Phoenix Suns Team Skull Punisher Hoodie features team logo and skull punisher, it can show loyalty to your favorite team. Fashionable design without being bulky to wear under your favorite jacket or on its own. The Phoenix Suns Hoodie is the best way to support your favorite team. Comfortable and breathable fabric keeps you warm even in winter, premium cotton provides superior softness and on a cold day. You’ll love the way you look in this Phoenix Suns NBA Team US Flag Camo Veteran 3D Hoodie All Over Printed. Every inch of this hoodie features a super soft, lightweight and breathable fabric for total comfort, no matter where you wear it. The eye-catching graphics on this amazing hoodie will make sure everyone knows which team your heart lies with. Show your love for the team with this Phoenix Suns NBA Team US 3D Printed American Flag 3D Hoodie. Let your favorite NBA player know you have his back, in a fun and unique way. This hoodie is the perfect addition to a fan’s game day outfit. Made of polyester and spandex, the hoodie is comfortable and lightweight. The 3D printed graphics give it a unique look. Show your love for the Phoenix Suns with this Camo Veteran Printed 3D Hoodie! This hoodie features printed Phoenix Suns graphics, a front pouch pocket and fleece lining making it the perfect way to support your favorite team while keeping warm. The hoodie is made of super soft fleece material, which is comfortable and warm. Paneled hood with drawstring offers customized fit and coverage from the elements. Support your Phoenix Suns by grabbing this NBA Team American Flag Skull 3D Hoodie. An allover American flag print that is sure to get you noticed. There’s no better way to show off some American pride and your Phoenix Suns fandom than with this sweet pullover. Made of premium cotton that’ll feel great as you’re waving that flag, this casual attire features ribbed cuffs and waist, hood with drawstring and a large front kangaroo pocket. No matter where you go, people will know you’re no fair-weather fan when you wear this Phoenix Suns hoodie. The Phoenix Suns may not be in their best shape right now, but that doesn’t mean you can’t show them your support and love this holiday season with one of our gift ideas. Whether you’re shopping for a birthday or a holiday, or just looking to brighten up their gear, we’ve rounded up some great suggestions to show how much you care. We hope that you’ve enjoyed our list of Phoenix Suns gifts for the Suns fans in your life. We tried to stay away from the obvious choices and provide some options to consider outside of the well-known brands. Whether you choose one of these items or something else entirely, we just want to wish you the best of luck finding something for yourself, a friend, family member or co-worker.

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Robaxin: Alleviating Muscle Spasms and Pain Robaxin, also known as methocarbamol, is a highly effective muscle relaxant medication that is commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to alleviate muscle spasms and pain. This medication is widely used due to its ability to provide relief from various musculoskeletal disorders and conditions. How does Robaxin work? Robaxin functions by targeting the central nervous system to reduce muscle tension and spasms. This muscle relaxant acts as a sedative, depressant, and skeletal muscle relaxant, providing relief from discomfort and restoring muscle function. What are the key benefits of using Robaxin? Robaxin offers several benefits for individuals experiencing muscle spasms and pain. These benefits include: - Alleviating back pain, sprains, and strains - Reducing muscle rigidity and spasticity in conditions such as tetanus, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy When is caution advised? When considering the use of Robaxin, caution is advised when prescribing to pregnant or potentially pregnant patients due to conflicting information from studies regarding its teratogenic effects. It is crucial for healthcare providers to carefully consider the potential benefits and risks in such cases and have open discussions with their patients regarding appropriate treatment options. How can Robaxin be disposed of properly? Proper disposal of Robaxin is crucial to prevent environmental contamination and misuse. Unused or expired medication should not be flushed down the toilet or thrown in the trash, as it can pose risks to water sources and wildlife. The best way to dispose of Robaxin is through drug take-back programs or certified disposal sites. These programs ensure safe and secure disposal of medications, preventing them from getting into the wrong hands or causing harm to the environment. In conclusion, Robaxin, or methocarbamol, is a reliable muscle relaxant that effectively alleviates muscle spasms and pain associated with various musculoskeletal disorders. Its sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties make it a valuable option for individuals seeking relief from discomfort. However, cautious consideration is required when using Robaxin during pregnancy, and proper disposal methods must be followed to protect the environment and prevent misuse. How Muscle Relaxants Function to Reduce Muscle Tension and Spasms Muscle relaxants are medications that are prescribed to alleviate muscle spasms and pain. These medications work by affecting the central nervous system and reducing muscle tension. Robaxin, also known as methocarbamol, is a commonly prescribed muscle relaxant with specific characteristics that make it effective in treating muscle spasms and related discomfort. Sedative, Depressant, and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Robaxin acts as a sedative, depressant, and skeletal muscle relaxant. It works by inhibiting pain sensations in the body by blocking nerve impulses, which results in the relaxation of muscles and the alleviation of discomfort. Mechanism of Action When Robaxin is ingested, it enters the bloodstream and reaches the central nervous system. Here, it acts directly on the spinal cord and brain, exerting its muscle-relaxing effects. This medication modifies the transmission of signals between nerves in the spinal cord, ultimately reducing muscle spasms and tension. The precise mechanism of action of Robaxin is still not fully understood, but researchers believe that it primarily affects the GABA neurotransmission system. GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a naturally occurring chemical in the brain that inhibits nerve activity. By enhancing the effects of GABA, Robaxin helps to calm and relax muscles. Benefits of Robaxin Robaxin provides several benefits in the management of musculoskeletal disorders and conditions that lead to muscle spasms and pain. Some of the conditions in which Robaxin can be beneficial include: - Back pain - Sprains and strains - Multiple sclerosis - Cerebral palsy By reducing muscle rigidity and spasticity in individuals with these conditions, Robaxin helps to alleviate discomfort and improve overall mobility. Consult a Healthcare Provider It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any medication, including muscle relaxants like Robaxin. They can assess your condition, provide an accurate diagnosis, and determine the most appropriate treatment plan. Remember, this information serves as a general overview and should not replace professional medical advice. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them for specific guidance regarding your individual situation. Teratogenic Effects of Robaxin and Implications for Use in Pregnant Patients When it comes to the teratogenic effects of Robaxin, studies have shown conflicting results. While some animal studies have suggested potential risks to the fetus, there is limited information available regarding its effects on human pregnancy. According to a study conducted on pregnant rats by Smith et al. (2018), administration of high doses of Robaxin resulted in adverse effects on fetal development, including decreased fetal weight and skeletal abnormalities. However, it is important to note that animal studies may not always directly translate to human responses due to physiological and genetic differences. Despite the limited data on its teratogenic effects in humans, caution is advised when prescribing Robaxin to pregnant or potentially pregnant patients. The potential benefits and risks should be carefully considered and discussed with a healthcare provider to make an informed decision. Considerations for Prescribing Robaxin During Pregnancy: - Consultation with a healthcare provider: It is crucial for pregnant individuals or those planning to become pregnant to consult with their healthcare provider before starting or continuing Robaxin treatment. - Individual assessment: Each case should be evaluated individually, considering factors such as the severity of muscle spasms or pain, alternative treatment options, and the potential risks associated with Robaxin use during pregnancy. - Informed consent: The healthcare provider should provide detailed information about the potential risks and benefits of Robaxin, allowing the patient to make an informed decision. - Close monitoring: If Robaxin is prescribed during pregnancy, close monitoring of the patient’s health and fetal development is necessary to identify any potential adverse effects. - Exploring alternative treatments: In some cases, alternative treatments or non-pharmacological approaches may be considered to manage muscle spasms or pain during pregnancy, minimizing the potential risks associated with medication use. It is important to highlight that every pregnancy is different, and the decision to use Robaxin should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional who has a deep understanding of the individual’s medical history and current condition. For further information on the teratogenic effects of Robaxin during pregnancy, please refer to reputable sources such as the study by Smith et al. (2018) and consult with a healthcare provider specializing in obstetrics and gynecology. Proper Disposal Guidelines for Robaxin: Preventing Environmental Contamination and Misuse Proper disposal of medications like Robaxin is crucial to protect the environment and prevent misuse. To ensure the safe and secure disposal of Robaxin, it is important to follow these guidelines: 1. Do Not Flush or Throw in the Trash Unused or expired Robaxin should not be flushed down the toilet or thrown in the trash. Improper disposal methods can pose risks to water sources, aquatic life, and wildlife. 2. Drug Take-Back Programs The best way to dispose of Robaxin is to participate in drug take-back programs. These programs are designed to collect and safely dispose of unused medications, including Robaxin. Many pharmacies, hospitals, and law enforcement agencies host these programs. You can locate a nearby drug take-back program by visiting the DEA’s Diversion Control Division website. 3. Certified Disposal Sites If there are no drug take-back programs available in your area, you can also check if there are certified disposal sites near you. These sites are specifically designated for the disposal of medications and ensure proper handling and disposal. You can search for certified disposal sites using the DEA’s Controlled Substance Public Disposal Locator. 4. Protecting Your Privacy When disposing of Robaxin, it is important to protect your personal information. Remove any personal details from the medication packaging or bottle before disposal to ensure your privacy and prevent any potential misuse. 5. Do Not Share Medications It is crucial to remember that Robaxin should only be used by the person for whom it was prescribed. Do not share your medication with others, as it can lead to serious health risks. 6. Consult a Pharmacist or Healthcare Provider If you are unsure about the proper disposal methods for Robaxin or have any other questions, consult a pharmacist or healthcare provider. They can provide you with the most up-to-date and accurate information regarding the disposal of Robaxin. By following these disposal guidelines, you can contribute to the protection of the environment and prevent the misuse of Robaxin. Proper disposal ensures that the medication does not end up in the wrong hands or cause harm to our surroundings. Robaxin: Alleviating Muscle Spasms and Pain Robaxin, also known as methocarbamol, is an effective muscle relaxant medication that offers relief from muscle spasms and associated pain. Whether you are experiencing back pain, sprains, strains, or even conditions like tetanus, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral palsy, Robaxin can help manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. How does Robaxin work? Robaxin acts as a sedative, depressant, and skeletal muscle relaxant by targeting the central nervous system. By blocking nerve impulses and inhibiting pain sensations, it effectively reduces muscle tension and spasms, allowing the muscles to relax, and providing much-needed relief from discomfort. Conditions Robaxin can address Robaxin is commonly used to treat various musculoskeletal disorders, including: - Back pain If you are living with conditions such as tetanus, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral palsy, Robaxin can also help reduce muscle rigidity and spasticity, improving mobility and enhancing your overall well-being. Benefits and considerations during pregnancy As with any medication, there are important considerations to keep in mind, especially for pregnant individuals or those planning to conceive. While limited information is available regarding the teratogenic effects of Robaxin on human pregnancy, caution is advised. It is crucial to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider to make an informed decision about using Robaxin during this critical time. Proper disposal for a safer future When it comes to disposing of unused or expired Robaxin, it is essential to follow the proper guidelines for the sake of both the environment and public safety. Avoid flushing it down the toilet or throwing it in the trash, as this can contaminate water sources and harm wildlife. Instead, utilize drug take-back programs or certified disposal sites to ensure safe and secure disposal of Robaxin. These programs not only prevent misuse but also protect our environment for future generations. For more information on safe medication disposal, you can visit FDA’s website. Robaxin, with its effective muscle relaxant properties, offers a valuable solution to individuals experiencing muscle spasms and pain. However, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist to fully understand the implications of using Robaxin, as they can provide personalized guidance specific to your needs and ensure optimal effectiveness and safety. Robaxin’s Street Value and the Potential for Overdose Robaxin, also known as methocarbamol, is a muscle relaxant medication commonly prescribed to alleviate muscle spasms and pain. When discussing the use of Robaxin, it is important to address its street value and the potential risks associated with misuse or overdose. Street Value of Robaxin The street value of Robaxin 500 mg can vary, but it is generally considered to be less expensive compared to some other prescription medications. This cost-effectiveness may make it a more accessible option for individuals with low wages and no insurance. However, it is crucial to note that using Robaxin without a prescription or for recreational purposes is illegal and can have serious consequences. It is essential to emphasize that obtaining prescription medications from unauthorized sources or without a valid prescription is both unsafe and illegal. The misuse of Robaxin, as with any medication, can lead to adverse effects and potentially life-threatening situations. Potential for Overdose While Robaxin may be a relatively safe and effective medication when used as prescribed by a healthcare professional, it is important to be aware of the potential for overdose. Taking more than the recommended dose of Robaxin can have severe consequences and may result in an overdose. An overdose of Robaxin can lead to symptoms such as extreme drowsiness, confusion, low blood pressure, slowed or difficulty breathing, and even coma. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms after taking Robaxin, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services. It is worth noting that Robaxin overdose is more likely to occur when the medication is misused, such as taking higher doses than prescribed or combining it with other substances, including alcohol or other drugs. Combining Robaxin with certain medications can increase the risk of overdose and can be extremely dangerous for one’s health. Safe and Responsible Use of Robaxin To ensure the safe and responsible use of Robaxin, it is vital to follow the prescribed dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional. It is also crucial to be aware of potential drug interactions and to inform your healthcare provider of any other medications or substances you are taking. If you believe that Robaxin may not be the most suitable medication for your condition or if you are experiencing any concerning side effects, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider. They will be able to evaluate your individual situation and provide appropriate guidance. Remember, the misuse or abuse of any medication, including Robaxin, can have serious health consequences. It is important to use medications as directed and to seek medical advice if you have any concerns or questions. - Healthline: Muscle Relaxants – Side Effects and Risks - PubMed: Methocarbamol (Robaxin) Toxicity in Dogs and Cats - SAMHSA National Helpline for Substance Abuse and Mental Health Will Robaxin Show on a Drug Test? A Comparison with Other Muscle Relaxants like Baclofen and Oxycodone When it comes to drug testing, it is essential to understand whether certain medications, such as Robaxin (methocarbamol), will show up on standard drug tests. In this article, we will explore the implications of drug testing in relation to Robaxin and compare it to other commonly prescribed muscle relaxants like baclofen and oxycodone. Drug Testing and Robaxin Robaxin, along with other muscle relaxants, may not typically show up on standard drug tests. These tests typically look for illicit substances like opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana. Muscle relaxants like Robaxin are not commonly included in these standard drug panels. However, it is important to note that individual drug tests and specific circumstances may vary. Some specialized drug tests may include muscle relaxants in their screening process, especially in situations where the use of such medications may be concerning or has been specifically requested. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the specifics of the drug test being conducted. Comparison with Baclofen and Oxycodone When comparing Robaxin to other muscle relaxants, it is worth mentioning popular medications like baclofen and oxycodone. Each of these medications has its own unique properties, effectiveness, and potential side effects. |Show-up on Standard Drug Tests |Alleviates muscle spasms and pain |Not typically included in standard drug tests |Treats muscle spasms, particularly in conditions such as multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries |Not typically included in standard drug tests |Relieves moderate to severe pain |May show up on standard drug tests as an opioid As seen in the comparison table, both Robaxin and baclofen are less likely to be included in standard drug tests. However, it is crucial to remember that individual testing procedures may vary, and it is always advisable to consult with the specific provider or organization conducting the drug test to fully understand their testing protocol. Additional Information and Sources If you would like to learn more about drug testing or the specific properties and usage of these muscle relaxants, the following authoritative sources provide valuable information: - National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Provides comprehensive information on drug testing, substance abuse, and treatment. - U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – Offers reliable information on prescription medications and their usage. - PubMed – Provides scientific articles and studies on medication effectiveness and side effects. It is always important to rely on credible and reputable sources when seeking information on medications, drug testing, and related topics. Remember, every individual’s situation is unique, and it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist to fully understand the implications of each drug and its relevance to drug testing.

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Mold Remediation Clarkston Mold Remediation Clarkston Services: Safeguarding Your Home From Mold Just as a lighthouse stands guard against the treacherous waves, mold remediation services serve as your home’s beacon of safety against the creeping danger of mold. You’ve probably noticed an odd smell or a suspicious spot on your walls—these are the silent alarms that mold has begun its unwelcome residency. With the right knowledge and a team of experts, you can reclaim your sanctuary from this unwelcome intruder. But how do you start, and why is it crucial to act swiftly? Join us as we uncover the significance of immediate action and the transformative power of professional mold remediation. Mold Remediation Clarkston Services Mold remediation services efficiently tackle the complex task of removing mold from your Clarkston property, ensuring a safer living environment. As a homeowner, it’s your responsibility to be proactive about mold prevention, particularly given how climate influences can exacerbate mold growth. Implementing mold prevention tips can significantly reduce the risk of mold taking hold in your home. Firstly, you should regularly inspect your home for any signs of moisture or water damage, as these are prime conditions for mold to thrive. Addressing leaks promptly and ensuring adequate ventilation in areas like bathrooms and kitchens can make a big difference. Additionally, consider using dehumidifiers in particularly damp areas of your home to maintain lower humidity levels. DIY solutions can also be effective for small areas of mold. Simple concoctions of household cleaning agents can help you get ahead of the problem. However, it’s crucial to recognize when a situation is beyond your expertise. Significant mold infestations in Clarkston, require professional assessment and removal to ensure it’s thoroughly eradicated and unlikely to return. Understanding your insurance coverage is also vital. Many homeowners’ insurance policies have specific stipulations regarding mold damage, often requiring additional coverage. Ensuring you’re adequately covered can save you significant stress and financial strain if a major mold issue arises. Understanding Mold Growth in Clarkston Before you can effectively tackle mold in your home, it’s crucial you understand its basics, the common types you might encounter, and the health risks it poses. Grasping these core concepts ensures you’re well-equipped to identify and address mold issues promptly. Let’s explore these key points to ensure your home remains safe and mold-free. The Basics of Mold To effectively address mold issues, it’s crucial to understand how and why it takes root in various environments. Mold origins trace back to microscopic spores that thrive on moisture. Thus, controlling humidity levels within your space is vital. Implementing DIY precautions, such as ensuring proper ventilation and fixing leaks promptly, can significantly mitigate mold growth. It’s essential to maintain indoor air quality by using dehumidifiers in damp areas and regularly cleaning HVAC systems. Be wary of mold myths that downplay the risks associated with exposure; mold can indeed compromise health, especially in individuals with respiratory conditions. Educating yourself on these fundamentals empowers you to protect your home and health effectively. Common Types of Mold Understanding the common types of mold in your environment is key to effectively combating their growth. Mold thrives in areas with high indoor humidity, making bathrooms, kitchens, and basements prime targets. Black mold, notorious for its potential to trigger mold allergies, is just one of many types you might encounter. Molds come in a variety of color variations, including green, white, and orange, each with its own set of characteristics and potential impacts on health. To protect your home and those you serve, it’s crucial to maintain low humidity levels and employ DIY solutions for early mold detection and removal. Remember, knowledge about the different molds can empower you to create safer, healthier living spaces. Mold Health Risks Recognizing the health risks associated with mold growth is crucial for safeguarding your well-being and that of your family. Exposure to mold can trigger allergic reactions, ranging from sneezing and itching to more severe respiratory issues. Mold toxins, known as mycotoxins, can compromise your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections and illnesses. If you’re living in an environment with high mold presence, you might experience persistent respiratory issues, including coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. 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The Swarmkeeper Ranger is designed to add a bit of control effects to a Ranger with a mixture of forced movement effects and area control spells. While it’s not going to do the most damage of any Ranger subclass, Swarmkeeper gives options for what to do each turn when attacking. This allows for some very tactical decision making in combat and if that appeals to you, read on. If I may draw a comparison from an older edition, the features and expanded spells of Swarmkeeper remind me of the Seeker class from D&D 4E. With great effects like forced movement, difficult terrain, and the restrained condition, while the Swarmkeeper will never be as prolific a controller as a Wizard, an extra half-controller on the field is a great addition to any party. For our example build, I Got a Rock, we’re stretching the idea of a swarm of things to include space rocks. Like a meteor swarm. Because we’re using the magic stone cantrip to launch rocks at people in order to be a Wisdom-based Ranger, this allows us to keep our spell save DCs higher than most Rangers so we can take advantage of the great expanded spells from Swarmkeeper, including Web, the best 2nd-level spell in the game. Table of Contents - Swarmkeeper Features - Swarmkeeper Ability Scores - Swarmkeeper Races - Swarmkeeper Feats - Swarmkeeper Weapons - Swarmkeeper Armor - Swarmkeeper Multiclassing - Example Swarmkeeper Ranger Build – I Got a Rock RPGBOT uses the color coding scheme which has become common among Pathfinder build handbooks, which is simple to understand and easy to read at a glance. - : Bad, useless options, or options which are extremely situational. Nearly never useful. - : OK options, or useful options that only apply in rare circumstances. Useful sometimes. - : Good options. Useful often. - : Fantastic options, often essential to the function of your character. Useful very frequently. We will not include 3rd-party content, including content from DMs Guild, in handbooks for official content because we can’t assume that your game will allow 3rd-party content or homebrew. We also won’t cover Unearthed Arcana content because it’s not finalized, and we can’t guarantee that it will be available to you in your games. The advice offered below is based on the current State of the Character Optimization Meta as of when the article was last updated. Keep in mind that the state of the meta periodically changes as new source materials are released, and the article will be updated accordingly as time allows. While each of the options below are rated asto indicate that they are only situationally useful, their combined capabilities are excellent. It’s like having a toolbox with three tools in it: any one tool can only do a couple things, but between the three of them you can do a lot. : Using this will add some tactical complexity to every one of your turns. Keep in mind that this only works once per turn so it’s no replacement for something like Hunter’s Mark/Favored Foe in terms of sheer damage output, and you’ll want to have a plan at the start of your turn before you start attacking. This will be more reliable if you’re making multiple attacks, so consider two-weapon fighting until you get Extra Attack. One more subtle note: The trigger is any attack, so it’s not restricted to weapon attacks and can include spell attacks. - : Your go-to option in most cases, but also your option of last resort. Use the other options if they’re going to have any significant impact. Otherwise, the 1d6 damage is a small but satisfying bonus. Unfortunately, since this is from a separate source rather than “extra damage” added to your attack, the damage isn’t multiplied on a critical hit. Creatures which resist piercing damage typically have resistance to piercing damage from non-magical attacks. This isn’t an attack, so those resistances don’t apply. - : Moving enemies can force them to break grapples with your allies, and can put them into bad places like ongoing area damage, open pits, etc. - : This is the option you are least likely to use, but it’s still helpful. Moving yourself 5 feet can get you out of melee reach, out of grapples, out of area effects, and generally out of trouble. : Some really good utility options, but the offensive options will be hard to rely upon. - : Mage hand is a good cantrip, and rangers generally don’t get cantrips. Even if you take Druidic Warrior, Mage Hand isn’t an option. Faerie Fire is a great combat option, but your save DC will likely be low, so save it for when you’re facing a crowd (statistically some of your enemies will still fail their save) or when you’re facing enemies which have poor Dexterity like ogres or the Tarrasque. - : Web is one of the best area shutdown spells in the game.a hard choice. It’s like a persistent version of Entangle, where creatures can be subjected to the spell over and over just for being in the area. Thrown over a group of foes, statistically some of them will fail their saves and even if they all make the strength check, not save, to escape, we’ve made them all lose an action. And we have a great forced movement ability so we can just shove people back inside when they escape. Now, they might burn their way out of the webs if they happen to have a way to do fire damage but then just don’t web the Red Dragon and you can avoid that one issue. - : A great way to infiltrate places, to escape, to scout, and generally to go somewhere without other creatures causing you trouble. The move speed is very limited, so combine this with buffs like Longstrider to boost your speed and get more done in the 1-hour duration. - : Even though you get it much later than dedicated spellcasters, Arcane Eye is still one of my absolute favorite divination options for scouting from a safe distance. - : Constitution saves tend to be high and ranger’s save DCs tend to be low, which is a hard combination. But with a 10-minute duration and half damage on a successful save, with a particularly good damage type, if you can trap enemies in an enclosed space or repeatedly knock them into the area with Gathered Swarm, you can still deal huge amounts of damage even if enemies consistently pass the saving throw. If nothing else, you can plug a choke point while the full casters concentrate on other impressive effects. - : Flight of any kind is great, but 10 ft. speed definitely isn’t much. You can get off the ground and over small obstacles, but don’t expect to travel like this. Remember that you can Dash if necessary, so if you have nothing else to do you can fly up to 200 feet on one usage. You can also boost your speed with buffs like Longstrider and Haste, which will go a long way to make this more useful both in and out of combat. : Huge improvements to the movement options. The damage option improves so little I’m confused why they bother to improve it at all. - : 1d6 to 1d8 is not a meaningful difference. - : Knocking the target prone is great if you have melee allies who will benefit from them being prone or if you need to cut the target’s movement. However, if you’re attacking at range you’ll make your own life harder by knocking your target prone. - : +2 AC for one round. If you’re fighting in melee that’s a huge benefit and you should consider using this every turn. - : By this level you have plenty of daily uses for this. Use it to gain Resistance against high-damage attacks like critical hits or high-level spells, and also to get yourself out of melee combat if you don’t want to be there. You can technically use this by willingly taking damage in order to trigger the teleportation, but it’s probably not a significant abuse case because the uses per day are limited and the range is so short. Still, if you need to get out of somewhere nasty (a grapple, a pool of acid, an ongoing spell effect, etc.) you can always slap yourself for 1+Str damage to trigger the teleportation. Swarmkeeper Ability Scores We have some options as a Swarmkeeper. We can go the traditional route of high Dexterity ranged attacking or Strength based melee combat, but we have some features that call for our spell save DC, so there is a case to be made for being Wisdom based with Druidic Warrior. : You can maybe start doing some Polearm Master shenanigans or Great Weapon Master, but I don’t recommend that. : Use this for AC and ranged attacks.The good choice. : HP and Concentration saves. Good for us. : Let someone else handle the Scholar checks. : We have some great abilities that rely on our Spell DC, so getting this up is a good plan. : Let someone else handle the Face checks. Don’t forget to check the Ranger Races Breakdown for anything not listed here. This list only calls out things that differ in color rank. - FToD: We get a great combo with access to Web which causes restrained, imposing disadvantage on Dexterity saves for caught targets. Just avoid any Fire options. - MMoM: If you want another odd way to get an attack cantrip in order to maximize Wisdom, the newer Kobold’s Draconic Sorcery feature can get a Sorcerer attack cantrip to key off of Wisdom. Remember that Gathered Swarm only cares about attacks so the good options are Firebolt and Chill Touch. Don’t ignore the Ranger Handbook when deciding your feats. - TCoE: If you’re using either of the Druid cantrips that can turn your Swarmkeeper into a Wisdom-based combatant (Magic Stone or Shillelagh), then you’ll be doing Bludgeoning damage, so why not add an extra 5 ft. of forced movement on top of the rest of your Gathered Swarm effects? - PHB: There’s one little trick that I want to call out for this. While we could just use Druidic Warrior, putting a Magic Stone into a Sling lets us apply the Archery style. Sure, this applies to every Ranger, but Swarmkeepers have some good reasons for pushing their spell DCs. Note, this drops down to if you’re multiclassing, because either one level of Fighter for the Archery style or one level of Druid to grab the cantrips would be far better ways to go about this. - PHB: All five of the leveled spells granted to Swarmkeepers are concentration spells, so boosting Constitution saves is very helpful. - PHB: We’ve got all these concentration spells, and this is a nice way to keep those spells running, but unless you have an offensive cantrip to use in place of your Opportunity Attack, Resilient is better for most of the level range. With a small exception, the list from the Ranger Handbook will serve you well. - : If you gain the Magic Stone cantrip (Druidic Warrior, Multiclassing, Magic Initiate) and want to apply Sharpshooter to the stones, then put the stones into a Sling. It becomes an interesting hybrid of rules text: A ranged spell attack with a ranged weapon. The nuance here is that the very important part of Sharpshooter that allows -5 to attack rolls for +10 to damage applies because of “attack with a ranged weapon” but the first two features do not apply unless your DM is nice because this is not technically a “ranged weapon attack”. The Ranger Handbook has good advice for this. - : If you take the route of making a Wisdom-based Druidic Warrior Swarmkeeper, try to at least get 14 Dexterity and put on some Half-Plate for your AC. Don’t forget the advice from the Ranger Handbook. The options below are three routes to access both the magic stone cantrip and the Archery fighting style. - : A single level into Nature cleric can grab the magic stone cantrip and Heavy armor, as well as 1st-level Cleric spells. - : One level here gets the cantrip, but a second level will pick up a Druid Circle. The Stars Druid is a particularly nice choice for protecting our Concentration and, like we mentioned above, since spell attacks can trigger Gathered Swarm, the free Guiding Bolts get a little extra punch. - : Taking our first level as a Fighter would mean we start with Constitution save proficiency, which saves having to take Resilient (Constitution), and we can take the Archery style. Then we can get Magic Stone from Druidic Warrior later. And since we’re already one level in, taking the second level for Action Surge is an easy choice for later. Example Swarmkeeper Ranger Build – I Got a Rock We’ve got some great features that work best when we can focus on our Spell save DC by increasing Wisdom, but how do we go about that as a Ranger? Well, if you’ve simply skipped down to the build here, we’re going to use the Magic Stone cantrip with the Druidic Warrior fighting style. This gives us a few advantages. First and foremost, we will be making attacks with Wisdom. This by itself would be ok, but there’s an extra quirk to this cantrip. If you put the stones into a sling, they become a “spell attack with a ranged weapon” which causes all sorts of strange rules interactions. We’re primarily interested in the fact that this makes them eligible for Sharpshooter’s extra damage. This build leans into this odd combination so that we can have good spell save DCs like other casters while still being a Ranger with some respectable damage output. On top of that, we’re taking some flavor from the whole rock theme to stretch the idea of a swarm. Since the shape of the swarm is mechanically irrelevant, there’s nothing stopping us from saying it’s a bunch of rocks, orbiting us like asteroids. Look at all that flavor and theming just by picking a weird cantrip. Spelljammer has intelligent, living meteors, so why can’t we? This build is one of our 10 favorite DnD 5e builds. We’re going to twist around the typical ability score choices of a Ranger. We’ll prioritize Wisdom and Constitution, while leaving Dexterity at 14 to fill out Medium Armor. Our race is Custom Lineage and we’re accounting for the +1 to Constitution from the Crusher feat in this table. We’re using Custom Lineage because the bonus feat is great for us, allowing us to grab Crusher right away and round out our Constitution. Crusher adds us a tiny bit of extra control because magic stones do Bludgeoning damage. We also take Darkvision and put the +2 into Wisdom. For our background, we take Investigator for Perception and Insight. We also gain Disguise Kit and Thieves’ Tools proficiencies. Skills and Tools From Ranger we take Stealth, Nature, and Investigation. With Deft Explorer, we gain Expertise in Investigation to make up for our average Intelligence. Together with Perception and Insight and especially Thieves’ Tools from Investigator, this allows us to perform the Scout role in a party. If you’re ok with some Multiclassing, this build could benefit from anything described above in the Multiclassing section. Of the three options, I would likely take the “start as Fighter with the Archery style” path in order to start with the proficiency in Constitution saves. In this arrangement, after fourth level, with Archery from Fighter 1 and Druidic Warrior and Swarmkeeper from Ranger 2 and 3, you could either stay Ranger or hop back into Fighter. If someone else in the party already has lots of dangerous area control so that we don’t need to stay Swarmkeeper for more control, sticking with Fighter eventually gets the second Extra Attack at Fighter 11, which works wonderfully with the three stones from magic stone. The other path I would strongly consider is starting Druid and then eventually taking a 2nd level for Circle of Stars because of how strong the dip really is. Going that route, we’d still need to take Resilient (Constitution), but we can align rocks from first level instead of waiting for Ranger 2nd. Thanks to Custom Lineage, we get a bonus feat at first level alongside five ASIs from Ranger. At first level, we take Crusher, putting the +1 into Constitution. Because we’re going to be flinging magical rocks at people, smacking people around a bit for forcing them into bad places is helpful. At fourth level, we take Sharpshooter. Because of the way the feat is written, placing a magic stone from the cantrip into a sling counts as an attack with a ranged weapon, satisfying the final bullet point (but only the final bullet point) of Sharpshooter. This will allow us to get some extra damage, which is always good. At eighth level, we take an ASI, adding +1 to Wisdom and +1 to Constitution. This pushes Wisdom to 18 and Constitution to 17 in preparation for Resilient (Constitution) later. At twelfth level, an ASI for +2 Wisdom pushes us to 20. Optionally, we could have taken Resilient (Constitution) now and this at sixteenth level. At sixteenth level, we’re taking Resilient (Constitution), rounding out to an 18 Constitution and gaining proficiency in Constitution saves. At nineteenth level, we’re taking an ASI for +2 Constitution, capping at 20 Constitution. Optionally, if we don’t want the extra utility of Crusher, Resilient (Constitution) could be the bonus feat at first level. In this alternate path, at 8th we would take a half feat with +1 to Wisdom like Chef, Fey Touched, Shadow Touched, or Skill Expert and we just substitute in an ASI for +2 Constitution where the original path took Resilient (Constitution). |Feats and Features |Notes and Tactics |Deft Explorer (optional) Favored Foe – 1d4 (optional) |This level is going to be a little rough. Our best ability score is Wisdom, but we can’t really use it till we take Druidic Warrior next level, so for just this level, rely on the Longbow we get for being a Ranger. Also pickup a quarterstaff from the starting equipment options. We’ll be choosing Shillelagh as our other cantrip from Druidic Warrior. We don’t want to be in melee but we will still end up there sometimes and with Crusher we can easily bonk away an opponent. Then buy a sling for 1 silver and wear the best medium armor you can afford. Try not to die, things are rough out there. Favored Foe is usually better than Favored Enemy, even if it competes for our Concentration. Really it’s just extra damage if we want to save on spell slots. The only time Favored Enemy can be better is if we’re level 20 for Foe Slayer and we’ve chosen types well. |We pick up Druidic Warrior, giving us Magic Stone and Shillelagh, so now we can fight with Wisdom. We also get our 1st-level Spells. Absorb Elements will save your life from time to time, so it’s worth learning. Entangle is pretty nice because it restrains targets and costs them an Action to escape. Good control spell. –Faerie Fire (c) -Fog Cloud (c) |With Swarmkeeper we gain Gathered Swarm and an expanded spell list. We can pick whatever our swarm is shaped like so how about a swarm of tiny rocks, like some sort of asteroid belt or planetary ring. We are the rock guy after all. Flavor is free. Gathered Swarm will allow us to add a lot of control in the form of forced movement every round in combat. There is a save, but we’re building to account for that. Mage Hand is a nice utility cantrip. Faerie Fire is a good way to get Advantage while attacking multiple targets for our party. Fog Cloud is good for a lot of situations. Like if we’re surrounded by wolves with pack tactics, this negates the advantage. |Sharpshooter will apply to Magic Stone, but only when fired from a sling. I know it’s weird, but that’s how the rules work. -Pass Without Trace (c) |Fling two stones. Twice the pain. Web is basically the best 2nd-level spell in the game so it’s great that we get access to it. Pass Without Trace is good for stealth missions. Sure, we have multiple Concentration spells now, but this would be for out of combat. Favored Foe – 1d6 |Walk 5 ft. faster as well as gain climb and swim speeds. Increased die size for Favored Foe. A lot of our Concentration spells are good for multiple foes, while this will be helpful for single foes. |A bit of low-speed temporary flying can be useful for reaching something out of combat. Less useful in a fight. Enhance Ability is another good utility spell for getting free Advantage on checks out of combat. +1 Wisdom (18) +1 Constitution (17) |Land’s Stride is a weird feature. It won’t come up often, but it’s nice when it does help us. As mentioned above, we split the ASI here to prepare our Constitution for taking Resilient later. -Gaseous Form (c) |Pay the Revivify Tax. Also we can turn into a cloud. Well, technically I think the idea is to turn into a swarm of whatever your Swarmkeeper spirits are, while mechanically being a cloud. So we’re like a nebula or the oort cloud. |Hide in Plain Sight |Hide in Plain Sight is ok. It allows making camouflage in order to hide in plain sight. Exactly what it says on the tin. Tireless is free temporary HP PB times per day (currently 4). Also recover from a level of Exhaustion after only a short rest. This is good because Exhaustion is awful and removing it can require several days or expensive magic. -Elemental Weapon (c) |An upgrade to Gathered Swarm. The damage increase is fine. It’s more than nothing. The wording on the forced movement is pretty nice. The option to knock prone is in addition to also moving the target. Knock something prone and also deliver it right to the feet of your melee ally of choice. And the option to have +2 to AC and Dex saves from half cover for a turn is great. Good upgrades all around. Alright so I know Conjure Barrage is called out as red on the Ranger spell breakdown. But that list makes assumptions that are not true about this build, like having bad spell DCs or foes won’t be restrained by Web or Entangle. But mostly, a 60-ft. cone is great if you get to those real cinematic battles where you’re participating in a large skirmish for the fate of Krynn. Or for shotgunning rocks across an enemy spelljammer. But if you don’t expect to need a 60-ft. cone, Elemental Weapon will make our sling magical and add extra elemental damage to the attacks. |ASI: Wisdom +2 (20) |Capped Wisdom for magic rock attacks and spell DCs. -Arcane Eye (c) -Guardian of Nature (c) |Arcane Eye. Great spell. Spy on your foes with your space rock. The space rock that totally does not have a suspicious camera. Like a not suspicious at all spy satellite. Guardian of Nature is a cool buff. We can turn into a big ole space-rock tree to get Advantage on our rock flings. Kinda neat. And impose difficult terrain within 15 feet. I dunno. Wacky space gravity or something. Free Flavor etc. Favored Foe – 1d8 |Hide as a bonus action and leave no trail. Alright. Favored Foe gets stronger. Which is ok, but we’ve got a lot of nice Concentration spells now. It’s alright and still a good way to not spend spell slots. -Freedom of Movement |A reaction to take half damage and teleport PB times per day. Freedom of Movement is a decent buff. Rangers don’t get a lot of good 4th-level spells, but at least this is good. |Feat: Resilient (Constitution) +1 Constitution (18) |Getting this will boost up our Concentration saves. Good deal. Sure it’s a bit late, but we had other things that took priority. -Insect Plague (c) |Insect Plague is an ok damage effect in an area. Since it’s a spell and it’s piercing, almost nothing is going to resist magical piercing damage. Conjure Volley is in a similar situation to Conjure Barrage. We have good Wisdom so we can use this to drop a decent amount of AoE damage. |See invisible foes and no longer have Disadvantage to hit things we can’t see. This can even combo with fog cloud, giving us Advantage because we would count as an unseen attacker. |ASI: +2 Constitution (20) -Steel Wind Strike |Capped Constitution. Good for our HP and saves. Steel Wind Strike is kinda neat. Normally this spell is a let down for other Rangers because it’s a spell attack, which means it keys off of our primary ability score, Wisdom. So we can just pull out our Quarterstaff and bust a few skulls. The best part is that we can still trigger Gathered Swarm, which would go off during the spell, and if the target fails the save we can slide it to better decide where we land. Maybe even position to provide flanking for an ally if that optional rule is in play. |This boosts Favored Foe greatly as a Wisdom-based Ranger. Because we can apply it before or after a roll, we can decide to either add +5 to the attack roll if we nearly hit or +5 to the damage roll if we make the hit.

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Of course, if you can not get it, you can only smash it.The Hunyuan Jindou girl asked, Will the treasures be influenced by their respective masters Li Changshou replied I will return the selected Lingbao to the state of no owner, fill their lack how to get you dick bigger of spirituality, genesis 6 male enhancement supplement genesis 6 male enhancement supplement and give them different what can stop your penis from growing symbolic meanings. Li Yang was entrenched in the advance, and his real body genesis 6 male enhancement supplement more than 200 meters what do you do when viagra doesnt work was manifested, and no genesis 6 male enhancement supplement creature dared to approach him. Tiangang subduing magic fist The boxing is not particularly thick, only two centimeters thick.Compared to the Twelve True Forms, which were as thick as the previous dictionary, this was already very thin. 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Duobao groaned where to get penis pills for a second genesis 6 male enhancement supplement in his heart, and then his eyes fell on the figure rushing towards the sky, feeling the unique rhythm of Dao Dao. Shenmang seems to be extremely sharp, but just a slight hesitation will cause a crisp air cracking sound. At genesis 6 male enhancement supplement this time, everyone suddenly realized that it was the Thirteen Swords of Shenmen.One of the top martial arts in Wudang, a martial arts that specializes in attacking the Shenmen acupoint on the wrist. At the same time, a large cauldron floated behind genesis 6 male enhancement supplement Hongjun Daozu, and the phantoms of four divine beasts Is viagra going to be sold over the counter . What helps libido after menopause ? Best rhino ed pills surrounded the cauldron. Junior Brother Guangchengzi has hidden feelings in his genesis 6 male enhancement supplement actions, and Daji also has hidden feelings in his actions. Seeing that there was no movement inside, Sun Wukong carefully opened the window, crept in, genesis 6 male enhancement supplement Male Enhancement Pills Wholesale knelt beside Li Changshou is bed, and kowtowed a few times without saying a word. Li Changshou tapped the table with his fingers, but Daozu did not genesis 6 male enhancement supplement intend to open his eyes.Li Changshou is voice became clearer and louder There are four questions here, which are the equations that the disciples thought penis enhancement procedure genesis 6 male enhancement supplement at that time. But that is all.Li Changshou had already returned to the prehistoric world, secretly burying a large number of dark thunders. The Daoist Receiver stared at the figure of Sun Wukong in the cloud mirror, Then, can he find a way to break the game This situation was decided by the Taoist ancestor, and he can not solve it. It does not matter what do goji berries increase testosterone your identity is, those who are less than five thousand kilograms in the middle stage of the Bone Realm, come up if you does serotonin help with premature ejaculation want to challenge me, and I will not be afraid of those who come from Lin Jiu Zong I saw that Lin Jiuzong opened his mouth and let out rude words. That night, the wooden whip in Niu genesis 6 male enhancement supplement Tau Ma Mian is hand turned into a ghost flag, the black and genesis 6 male enhancement supplement Immediate Male Enhancement Pills white robe on his body radiated a faint light, and the long tongue of the ornament was even more scarlet and terrifying. I saw does xigduo cause erectile dysfunction that the Taoist was wearing a purple black Taoist robe with golden genesis 6 male enhancement supplement lines embroidered on it, which seemed to be embroidered with gold threads, which was extremely luxurious. At the same time, he has now obtained the Primordial Realm cultivation method taught by Li Yang, combined with the Wind Mantra, the final power and achievement are not weaker than Dacheng is Wind Mantra. How did the Daozu hide this matter It is very simple, this indestructible golden soul method is deduced and realized step by step genesis 6 male enhancement supplement by Xu Bodhi. In this way, Li Yang moved forward again, and when he found the Beastmaster, he threw himself up and threw it, and then devoured it. There are so many creatures, the teacher directly kills, the power genesis 6 male enhancement supplement of the creatures between heaven and earth is afraid to fall to the bottom. The beastmasters who were dozens of miles away suddenly raised their heads in astonishment.In their eyes, there was a smog of qi and blood rising to the sky, and it carried an extremely terrifying and ferocious aura. Most of the immortals in the heavenly court have some criticisms about viagra similar drugs this. Some Qin Xuanya advised the Lingxiao Palace and refuted a few words with the fake Taibai.This made the calamity of the Journey to Is viagra gluten free . How old to buy viagra ? What really works to make your penis bigger the West, which was not previously predicted by the heavenly way, appear weak, and caused the Taoist ancestors to be alert. If genesis 6 male enhancement supplement the senior brother loses, he will comfort him carefully and help the senior brother dissipate his emotions. Yes Nezha responded, clenched his fists in apology to the surrounding heavenly generals, and then took two steps forward, with a little anger on those handsome faces. The huge warm current surged in the body, causing Li Yang is rolled up flesh and blood tissue to are grow and connect, as did the skin. Walking on the road made of bluestone genesis 6 male enhancement supplement Immediate Male Enhancement Pills slabs, Lin Jiuzong turned to look at the nearby pavilions.I saw that in every pavilion, there was a golden Buddha statue, which seemed to be gods such as Buddha and Bodhisattva believed in Buddhism. The best solution is to destroy the heaven and earth genesis 6 male enhancement supplement system designed by Hongjun Daozu from the inside. I am starting to evolve Li Yang said in surprise. After that, his form underwent more dramatic changes.I saw that Li Yang began to lose weight from a swollen giant python, and the black scales on his body were gradually covered by a touch of gray. His Highness does viagra 50 mg work Tongming genesis 6 male enhancement supplement ordered Lu Yue to concoct pills outside and serve in the Heavenly Court for at least 60 years every 100 years. He crossed mountains, rivers kidney and erectile dysfunction and jungles, sneaked under towering ancient trees, and searched for his prey. Young man, I am a senior anyway, so it is not appropriate for you to slap me in the face the old Taoist said angrily. When there is flesh and blood that is not suitable for the new gene in the body, Li Yang will spit out the old blood and spit out those things. That is all, although it is a bit inappropriate genesis 6 male enhancement supplement to use two enemies as one, but those few lines have not been read yet. Simply hide and do how to get you dick bigger not genesis 6 male enhancement supplement touch them Li Yang traveled deep into the primitive mountains and forests and left Kyushu far away.

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To support the growth of the fund, UK FinTech Growth Partners has assembled a world leading non-executive advisory board which brings with it a wealth of sector expertise. The advisory board will be chaired by former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Philip Hammond, and will also feature notable UK financial services and FinTech figures, including: - Clare Bousfield – MD Retail and Savings for M&G plc; - Sir Charles Bowman – Former Senior Partner of PwC and former Lord Mayor of London; - Dame Jayne-Anne Gadhia – Chair of Moneyfarm, Founder of Snoop and Ex CEO of Virgin Money. - Lord Gerry Grimstone – former Minister for Investment jointly at the Department for International Trade and the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, former Chair of Barclays Bank and former Chair of Standard Life; - Alastair Lukies CBE – Founder of Pollinate International and Founding Partner of Motive Partners; - Dame Helena Morrissey – Chair of the Board of Directors Fidelis and Chair of Altum Group, former Chair at FTSE250 firm AJ Bell and former CEO of Newton Investment Management; - Romi Savova – Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PensionBee, and; - Philip Smith – Founder and former CEO of Embark Group. (for further biographies see below) Phil Vidler, Managing Partner, commented: “The UK has always been at the forefront of innovation in FinTech but there is a very clear and well evidenced growth funding gap. The FinTech Growth Fund will address the lack of available growth capital by providing a first of its kind domestic, growth-stage, FinTech focused venture capital fund backed by strategic investors. Our aim is to not only provide the capital needed for founders to scale their businesses, but to also engage with stakeholders across the nation to support the wider ecosystem. In doing so, we believe we can ensure the UK remains a global leader in FinTech.” The idea for the fund grew out of the landmark Kalifa Review which outlined a five-point plan to help the UK retain its status as a global leader in financial services through securing the success of UK FinTech. It identified an annual funding gap for growth stage FinTech estimated at £2bn and recommended a £1bn growth fund which would sufficiently fill this gap in order to sustain our world leading ecosystem. Currently these FinTechs struggle to find domestic capital to help them scale, resulting in a loss of IP and a growing divergence between the UK and the US at post seed funding levels. The fund is welcomed by Sir Ron Kalifa, author of the Kalifa Review: “I am delighted to welcome the launch of the UK FinTech Growth Fund as a private sector initiative, backed by institutional capital, responding to one of the key recommendations of the Review. The Fund represents another key building block in the support ecosystem for growth stage UK FinTech businesses. This is an important step forward towards ensuring the UK retains its leadership role in FinTech.” Outside its core remit, UK FinTech Growth Partners will commit to providing wider holistic support for the UK FinTech ecosystem. This extensive commitment will be realised through the “Beyond Investing” programme which will consist of initiatives focused on national connectivity, support for early-stage founders, and talent, diversity, equity, and inclusion. Lord Dominic Johnson CBE, Minister of State, Department for Business and Trade, also welcomed the fund, commenting: “UK Fintech remains one of this country’s crown jewels, casting a shining light to global investors that attracted $12.5 billion of inward investment in 2022. Second only to the US and larger than the next 13 European markets combined, UK Fintech can still reach new heights with new UK-based growth funds. I welcome the launch of the Fintech Growth Fund and wish them well in their fundraising.” Lord Philip Hammond, Chair – FinTech Growth Fund Advisory Board, and Former Chancellor of the Exchequer, commented: “I am delighted to chair the Advisory Board of the Fintech Growth Fund, which is made up of eminent individuals with a wealth of experience and wisdom, all committed to the growth of the UK fintech sector. I championed our vibrant fintech sector throughout my term as Chancellor and have long believed its success is vital to maintaining the UK’s role as a global financial services centre through the early adoption of new technologies, products and services. The FinTech Growth Fund directly addresses the investment gap facing growth-stage fintech businesses in the UK which was identified in the Kalifa Review. As such, I am confident it will help to sustain and create jobs and growth across the UK in this cutting-edge technology sector.” C.S. Venkatakrishnan, Group Chief Executive Barclays, comments: “Barclays is pleased to be supporting the FinTech Growth Fund. It will see private capital turbo charge an industry, leading to economic growth through the deployment of capital. We will support portfolio companies through strategic guidance and connectivity to the wider FinTech ecosystem. This is an exciting collaboration which will accelerate the transformation of financial services, not just for our customers and clients but for society at large.” Kelly Devine, President, Mastercard UK&I, comments: “FinTechs have the potential to be a growth powerhouse for the UK, but our partners tell us time and again that they need better access to funding, networks and international markets. We partner with hundreds of FinTechs in the UK and beyond, but we want to do more to make sure the industry remains world leading. Through this fund, we’ll provide crucial sources of capital, as well as access to new markets, customers, and opportunities through our global network.” Paul Thwaite, Chief Executive, NatWest Group, comments: “The UK’s fintech sector is the envy of Europe, housing more than 3,000 companies and a financial ecosystem second only to the US. However, the UK has suffered from a lack of domestic growth capital to take this sector to the next level. That’s why NatWest is delighted to back the Fintech Growth Fund in support of its ambition to grow into Europe’s largest fintech fund, focused on bridging the UK’s growth capital gap. We commit to continuing to provide support and financing to help break down barriers to growth and enterprise for high growth, high potential UK companies.” David Schwimmer, CEO London Stock Exchange Group, comments: “The launch of a UK FinTech Growth Fund is a unique opportunity to ensure that innovative FinTech firms can unlock the capital they need to scale and grow into globally consequential companies. Our investment in the FinTech Growth Fund should enable sustainable growth, a core LSEG purpose. We are delighted to help address the investment gap, one of the key recommendations of the Kalifa Review.” Steven Fine, CEO Peel Hunt, comments: “The UK has a vibrant FinTech sector and the FinTech Growth Fund will become a leading provider of growth capital and long-term partner to the ecosystem. The talent and experience across its investment team, strategic partners and advisory team is unrivalled and we are delighted to be working with them and investing ourselves. “This fund will help UK entrepreneurs and founders scale their proven business models, as they seek to enter new markets and develop new technology products. The FinTech Growth Fund is going to catalyse investment in the UK FinTech sector, in the area where it’s most needed, directly addressing the challenges raised in the Kalifa Review. We congratulate the Investment team for their efforts to date and look forward to working together.” Nicholas Lyons, Lord Mayor of London, also welcome the fund, commenting: “I am delighted to welcome the launch of FinTech Growth Fund. A FinTech focused fund backed by some of the largest financial institutions in the UK is a fantastic opportunity to further cement both the City of London’s leading financial services ecosystem and drive growth in the sector across the UK. This fund also helps address a key challenge facing our FinTech scale ups. They frequently rely on financing from international investors which leads to domestic FinTechs listing in other countries, with IP and jobs leaving our shores. This is a critical part of the 21st century economy for the UK and in helping to fill this growth capital gap we’re retaining a significant competitive advantage” Charlotte Crosswell OBE, Chair, Centre for Finance, Innovation and Technology (CFIT), comments: “When we launched CFIT in February this year, we knew how important it was to make the recommendations of the Kalifa Review a reality. This marked a significant moment both for FinTech and the wider UK economy, helping power high skilled job creation and increased growth in some of our most promising companies. I am delighted to welcome the FinTech Growth Fund which marks another milestone in instituting the recommendations of the Kalifa Review. Not only can it provide deeper pools of domestic capital, so vital to domestic growth-stage FinTechs, but it shares a common purpose with CFIT, to maximise impact across all the regions of the UK, to scale our most exciting and innovative companies, and to focus on increasing access to jobs in financial innovation”. Janine Hirt, CEO, Innovate Finance comments: “Innovate Finance is delighted to support the launch of the FinTech Growth Fund. A core recommendation of the Kalifa Review, this Fund will play a critical role in helping UK FinTech firms scale and will further cement the UK as the best place in the world to build and grow a FinTech business” Omar Ali, EMEIA Financial Services Regional Managing Partner at EY, comments: “It is great to see yet another key milestone announcement that brings the recommendations of the Kalifa Review to life. We have seen the launch of the new FinTech skills visa to attract talent to the industry, the formation of the Centre for Finance, Innovation and Technology (CFIT) and now a confirmed intention to launch a FinTech Growth fund. EY played a crucial role in the development of the Kalifa Review, and is hugely supportive of the recommendations, which have the potential to make a tangible difference to UK FinTech, the financial services industry more broadly, and the wider UK economy.” UK FinTech Growth Partners LLP is an appointed representative of Laven Advisors LLP which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Angel Issa, Co-founder, Managing Partner & Chief Investment Officer Prior to joining FGF Angel was Global Head of Corporate Development and Strategic Investments for Nomura. In this role Angel oversaw the acquisition and integration of large transformational assets in capital markets, investment banking and asset management, as well as equity investments in high-growth FinTech companies. Prior to joining Nomura, Angel was Global Head of Strategic Investments at BNP Paribas, investing and managing a ~€200m global strategic venture capital fund focusing on FinTech, Financial Services, and DeepTech. Previously he also served as Global Head of Principal Investments FID at Morgan Stanley where he invested and managed a ~$500m global strategic VC fund with focus on FinTech and Financial Services, overseeing three IPO exits during his time. Before this Angel worked as an M&A banker for Lehman Brothers. Angel started his career as a management consultant and was part of the founding team of the then largest dotcom venture capital fund in Latin America back in 1999. He holds an MBA from London Business School and is an Economist by training. Joe Parkin, Co-founder & Managing Partner Prior to joining the FinTech Growth Fund, Joe was a Managing Director at BlackRock where he was Head of Banks and Digital Channels, and responsible for the UK’s Inorganic strategy. Joe spent 11 years at BlackRock, where he had a number of roles including Chief of Staff for iShares EMEA, Head of UK for iShares, and Head of Digital Wealth for Northern Europe. Prior to joining BlackRock, Joe spent his early career at Goldman Sachs where he held positions within the Securities and Investment Management Divisions. Joe has a passion for FinTech and the crucial role it can play in enabling financial inclusion and wellbeing, helping to create a financially healthier population. Joe has seen first-hand throughout his career the importance of FinTech in driving innovation and evolution in financial services. Kaushalya Somasundaram, Partner Kaushalya was the UK Head of Payments, Industry Relations & Partnerships at Square until recently, where she oversaw the corporate governance, regulatory matters and relationships with industry partners. Kaushalya often took part in industry panels and public fora as a key speaker representing Square and the merchants it supports. Prior to that, Kaushalya held senior roles at HSBC across Venture Debt & Equity Investments, FinTech Partnerships, Corporate Development, Strategy & Planning and Group Audit. In her most recent role, she was the Global Head of FinTech Partnerships & Strategy for the Corporate & Institutional Digital group where she led the partnerships & corporate venturing for HSBC’s core businesses. Kaushalya also served as a Director in the HSBC Strategic Innovation Investments team where she led the investments into and sat on the Boards of several portfolio companies including Tradeshift. Within Corporate Development, Kaushalya led HSBC’s investment into Markit and subsequent IPO as well as investments into industry consortia such as Acadiasoft, OTCDeriv, LCH/LSE and LiquidityMatch. She also led HSBC’s foray into Distributed Ledger Technology including the investment in and partnership with R3 and HSBC’s participation in major industry initiatives such as Utility Settlement Coin (Finality). Kaushalya also served on the World Trade Board, BAFT Innovation Council, Tech City – Fintech Delivery Panel, Fintech Circle Institute and Whitechapel Think Tank and has been consistently recognised as a leading woman in FinTech, Banking & Technology and quoted in many industry publications and thought leadership pieces. Phil Vidler, Co-founder & Managing Partner Phil also serves as the CEO of FinTech Alliance, a non-for-profit digital platform launched in partnership with the UK Government, tasked with supporting the growth of the UK’s FinTech Ecosystem by generating access to market, capital, and talent. Previously, Phil spent over four years as Group Strategy Director at Pollinate, a growth stage FinTech focused on reinventing merchant acquiring for banks around the world. Prior to this he spent five years at the UK Treasury, most recently as Head of Global Markets where he was responsible for all Financial Services activity across Asia Pacific and FinTech. Advisory board bios: Chair: Lord Philip Hammond Philip has had a distinguished career in British politics as a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2019. He held a range of Senior cabinet posts, most recently serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2016 to 2019. Prior to this, he served as Foreign Secretary (2014-2016), Defence Secretary (2011- 2014) and Transport Secretary (2010-2011). He was awarded a life peerage by HM The Queen in July 2020. Before entering Parliament in 1997, Philip had a wide-ranging business career spanning the house building and property, healthcare equipment and oil and gas sectors. As Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip focussed on the long-term productivity challenges facing the UK economy and was a strong advocate for the Financial Services sector, and especially for the fast-growing Fintech sector. He championed the cause of SMEs and the need for greater access to long-term growth capital to allow successful British start-ups to scale up in the UK, rather than seeking capital overseas. As CEO Retail and Savings for M&G plc, Clare is responsible for leading the M&G’s Wealth and Heritage Businesses. Clare has created and driven the strategy and transformation of the business, delivering improved customer outcomes and generating significant business efficiencies. Prior to this, Clare was Chief Financial Officer for M&G plc, responsible for leading the financial management, the demerger and the financial vision of the Group as it went through listing as an independent group. Previously she was the CFO of Aegon UK where she led the strategic review and transformation of Aegon’s UK business. Clare has extensive M&A experience throughout her career. Clare has also served as CFO within a number of Swiss Re’s businesses, together with leading the audit function. In the early part of her career, Clare held a number of senior positions at PricewaterhouseCoopers working with clients in the investment management and insurance industries. Clare is the chair of the Audit and Risk Committee of IVC Evidensia, an international veterinary group. Previously Clare was the Chair of the Audit Committee of RSA Group and Pacific Re Limited. Sir Charles Bowman Charles is a senior professional in the F&PS Sector. He retired as a senior partner of PwC in September 2020 after a 37 year career with the firm. Charles continues working with PwC, in advisory capacity, on a part-time basis. Alongside this, Charles holds a number of director, trustee and other roles. Charles joined PwC in 1983 and throughout his career with the firm specialised in delivering audit, assurance and capital market transactions services to listed companies. He led the PwC business responsible for serving the firm’s larger listed audit clients. Other roles included sponsor partner for the firm’s Building Public Trust programme, Non-Executive representative for the UK’s Tax practise and lead partner of the UK firm’s Senior Networking Programme. Outside of PwC, he has served as the Chairman of the Audit and Assurance Faculty of the ICAEW, a member of its governing body and Chairman of the Audit Quality Forum. Charles has also served as a magistrate, a member of the Advisory Counsel for the Prince of Wales’ Accounting for Sustainability project, trustee to the Mansion House Scholarship Scheme and a governor of an academy primary school in Hackney. Elected as an Alderman in May 2013, he served as Sheriff of the City of London in 2015/16 and as the 690th Lord Mayor of London in 2017/18. His mayoral theme was “The Business of Trust”. During his mayoral year, Charles Chaired DIT’s then newly established UK FinTech steering board. Dame Jayne-Anne Gadhia Dame Jayne-Anne is the Lead Non-Executive at HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC), chairs the HMRC Board, and is the Founder and Executive Chair of Snoop. From 2007 to 2018 she was the CEO of Virgin Money. A Chartered Accountant, she spent six years at Norwich Union (now Aviva) before becoming one of the founders of Virgin Direct in 1995. Three years later, she set up the Virgin One account, which was acquired by the Royal Bank of Scotland in 2001. She subsequently spent five years at RBS before returning to Virgin as CEO of Virgin Money. From 2016 to 2021 she was the UK Government’s Women in Finance Champion and continues to support and promote the Women in Finance Charter as an adviser. In 2018 she was named Leader of the Year at the Lloyds Bank National Business Awards. She is a Trustee of the Tate and sits on the Mayor of London’s Business Advisory Board, the Financial Inclusion Policy Forum and Lloyds Culture Advisory Group. She was awarded a CBE in the 2014 New Year’s Honours list and made a Dame in the 2019 Honours list. Lord Gerry Grimstone Lord Gerry Grimstone served as the UK’s Minister for Investment from 2020-2022 responsible for inward investment into the U.K. He was a Minister both in the Department for International Trade (DIT) and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) as well as having Ministerial responsibility for the Office for Investment in 10 Downing St. Before entering politics, Lord Gerry had an extensive business career. He is the immediate past Chairman of Barclays Bank plc and also of Standard Life Aberdeen, the UK’s largest savings and investments business. He was an Independent Non-Executive Board Member of Deloitte North South Europe, a member of Deloitte’s Global Independent Non Executive Advisory Committee, and also of their UK Oversight Board. He was a Senior Adviser to Fenchurch Advisory Partners and was a member of the International Advisory Network of Natixis, the French financial services group. He presently sits on the Advisory Board of the UK FinTech Growth Fund. Within the UK, Lord Gerry has had a long history of serving the Ministry of Defence spanning 20 years. He sat on the Defence Board chaired by the Defence Secretary as its Lead Non-Executive. The Defence Board is the senior decision-taking body in the MoD. Lord Gerry served under 6 Defence Secretaries. From 2012-2015, Lord Gerry served as the Chairman of TheCityUK, the representative body for the financial and professional services industry in the UK. He was a member of HM Treasury’s Financial Services Trade and Investment Board. Lord Gerry has been deeply involved in UK-China and UK-India relations. He chaired the TheCityUK-CBBC China Market Advisory Group which helped coordinate financial and related professional services activity between the UK and China. He chaired Heng An Standard Life, an Insurance and Pensions company with branches in over 80 cities throughout China.

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Looking for the quietest flushing toilet for privacy in the bathroom?. Great!, then you’ve in the right place. In this quiet toilets guide you will learn the following: - what to look for when choosing a quiet toilet - Our best quietest flushing toilet picks - Final Thoughts Quick Preview of the Top-Rated Quietest Flushing Toilets Short on time? We understand. Check out this quick overview of our favorite quiet flush toilets. These are our recommended picks of The best quiet flush toilets. If you want to learn how and why we picked these products, continue reading! - WOODBRIDGE T-0019 Dual Elongated One Piece Toilet ( Best Value for Money) - WOODBRIDGE T-0020 Dual Flush Elongated One Piece Toilet ( Best Overall ) - TOTO MS604114CEFG#01 UltraMax II One-Piece Elongated Toilet - Kohler K-3589 Cimarron Comfort Height 1.6 GPF Toilet - TOTO CST744SL#01 Drake 2-Piece Ada Toilet There is nothing more embarrassing than waking the whole house at night with a loud toilet flush. Some toilets are incredibly loud. This can even make you dread going to the bathroom to free yourself when you feel it. If you have been wondering if there are quieter toilets in the market that can save you from this kind of situation, they are in the right place. Due to the annoying loud sounds some of these toilet brands make, some brands have put in the extra effort to make the best quietest toilets in the market. In this guide, we will look at some of the best quiet toilets to have when you want to fly under the radar. Best Quiet Flush toilets Here are our best quiet flush toilet picks for you to choose from. With any of these toilets, you won’t have to worry about keeping the whole house awake at night when you flush the toilet at late night. If it is for a public place too, unnecessary attention won’t be drawn to you. 1). WOODBRIDGE T-0019 Dual Elongated One Piece Toilet The WOODBRIDGE T-0019 dual elongated one-piece toilet is one of the best quiet toilets around. With a luxurious modern one-piece design that is sleek, clean, and easily complements different styles whether it is traditional, modern, or craftmanship. It features a high-end soft closing toilet seat with stainless steel durable hinge, easy to get the toilet seat off in case you want to tighten or clean after years of use. With this toilet comes a powerful siphon flushing system and a fully glazed trap way. This makes it one of the top no-clog toilets and ensures that the toilet doesn’t clog. The design of the WOODBRIDGE T-0019 toilet makes it easy to maintain and clean because of its amazing skirted design. Even though it is slightly expensive which is common with one-piece toilets, it is easy to maintain. The elongated toilet bowl makes it easy to use and comfortable to sit on because of its comfortable height. It makes your thighs sit comfortably on it and it’s suitable for even disabled people as well. The tank and bowl are well integrated to give you an excellent toilet in your home or office at a reduced noise level. This toilet is certified for efficiency and water-saving in the US and Canada. It comes with a 5-year warranty and service on limited on porcelain parts against fading/staining of the glaze; 1 Year on flushing mechanism & soft closing toilet seat. - Luxurious modern design - Top-rated quiet and powerful flush toilet - Comfortable to use including disabled people - Easy to clean and maintain - 5-yeat warranty on service and parts - High-end soft closing seat with stainless steel durable seat hinge - High-efficiency, WaterSense Certified toilet - Not suitable for small space 2). WOODBRIDGE T-0020 Dual Flush Elongated One Piece Toilet WOODBRIDGE is a known company that produces high-end bathroom and kitchen appliances. The T-0020 dual flush elongated one-piece toilet is one of their quiet toilets in the market besides the other model we reviewed above. They have high regard for quality and hence two of their products are featured on this list. This WOODBRIDGE model has noise reduction incorporated into it. Plus, it is also easy to clean. The skirted trapway and smooth exterior reduce your cleaning time. The Woodbridge uses a siphon flushing technique allowing for an ultra-quiet, powerful flush. Siphon flushing is great for preventing clogs and leaks. This toilet also features High-end Soft Closing Seat with Stainless Steel Durable Seat Hinge: Quick Release seat design. Easy to get the toilet seat off to tighten or clean after years of use. Never Loosen Toilet seat. The Woodbridge T-0020’s height makes it very comfortable for the average adult when descending and ascending the seat - Clean, sleek look and compliment with different styles - Easy-to-Clean Design - Fully glazed flush, bringing super quiet & powerful flushing – no clogs, no leaks - High-end soft closing seat with stainless steel durable seat hinge - High-efficiency, WaterSense Certified toilet - Packing is good for fragile goods like this toilet 3). TOTO MS604114CEFG#01 UltraMax II One-Piece Elongated Toilet The TOTO Ultramax II one-piece elongated toilet features a tornado flush system with 1.28 gallons per flush. This makes it one of the best water-saving quiet flushing toilets. It is has a compact elongated bowl that and a one-piece design is simple to clean and maintain in comparison to the two-piece type of toilet. It also features a hole-free rim design with dual-nozzle that creates a centrifugal washing action. This TOTO quiet one-piece elongated toilet uses a patented CEFIONTECT/SanaGloss glaze. This system creates a smoother surface and prevents debris and particles from adhering to the surface to reduce the cleaning frequency of the toilet. The seat is made of high-impact plastic, has an ergonomic design, molded bumpers, and high gloss polypropylene. The Ultramax II also uses a gravity-feed system which is much quieter than pressurized options. If you are concerned about standards, this toilet meets the standards for EPA WaterSense, California’s CEC, and CALGreen requirements, and its ADA compliant. - Efficient and powerful flush - Quiet flush and refilling - Comfortable seat position - Saves water consumption - It May is not suitable for big guys 4). Kohler K-3589 Cimarron Comfort Height 1.6 GPF Toilet The Kohler Cimarron Comfort Height round toilet is one of the best comfortable quiet round toilets in the market. The seat height is comfortable to sit on or stand up from when using this toilet because the chair height is similar to that of a chair. This makes it easier for most adults to use. It is a water-saving quiet flushing toilet that uses 1.6 gallons per flush that uses AquaPiston technology and has two flush valves that are both quiet and powerful. The design of this toilet is effective at disposing of solid waste compared to other standard flushing toilets around. With this quiet Kohler toilet, you have different colors to choose from to complement your washroom decor. You should however note that this toilet does not come with the seat and supply line, as those are sold separately. - Great at disposing of solid waste - Light touch flush - Comfortable height - suitable for all adults - Some customers complained about receiving a broken toilet 5). TOTO CST744SL#01 Drake 2-Piece Ada Toilet TOTO Drake is one of the most common products among many households in America. This is because the TOTO brand has built a solid reputation with its customers. This Drake toilet features a G-Max flushing system that works effectively are flushing the solid waste and thus prevents the toilet from clogging. This is the simple reason why many people like this brand. Efficiency and easy installation are its hallmarks. This flush system only utilizes 1.6 GPF making it good at saving you some water bills. Its universal height makes it comfortable to sit and stand up. Even though it is a two-piece design, it is easy to install. The toilet has a 3-inch wide flush valve. It also has a large trap way and an extra-large jet. In a single flush, it will clear your toilet quietly. This toilet is also ADA compliant and comes with a 1-year limited warranty. - High profile toilet - Powerful and quiet flush - Low water consumption - ADA compliant and comes with a 1-year warranty - Well-known brand - When you receive the package, check for all parts before removing old toilet - Height might not be very comfortable for short people 6). Niagara Stealth 0.8 GPF Toilet The Niagara Stealth toilets are one of the low water consumption toilets around. Only using 0.8 gallons per flush. It is also comfortable, efficient, and good value for your money. Even at an affordable price, you get decent performance with it. There are not many toilets like this in the market with such water-saving ability that uses only 0.8 gallons of water per flush to effectively clean the toilet. This toilet flushing system uses a combination of air and water and hence its ability to get rid of solids and liquids with quietness and effectively. The Niagara toilet bowl is an elongated type that is compact in nature. It is comfortable to use but occupies a smaller space in your bathroom. This makes it suitable for people with small spaces. Concerned about compliance?, this toilet is ADA compliant and also EPA WaterSense labeled. This is a perfect choice for any home. - A powerful air and water flush combination - Quiet flush and tank refilling - Uses only 0.8 gallons per flush- water-saver - ADA and EPA WaterSense compliant - Has clogging issues according to some customers 7). Black Dual Flush Two-Piece Elongated Toilet This black dual flush two-piece elongated toilet from Renovator’s Supply Sheffield is a great value for the money. Its efficient dual-flush system helps you to choose between a slow 0.8 gallon flush and a high 1.6 gallons flush. The toilet also features an ergonomic design that makes it a space saver. You can use install it even in your small bathroom space yet you still will get comfortable using it. This product is also ASME and ADA compliant. Plus, you get to save both money and water. if you are looking to save space and want to make a bold, elegant statement in your bathroom. This is a two-piece toilet and apart from its color, it’s a much more traditional design. Like the Woodbridge, the Black Dual Flush uses a siphonic flushing mechanism. The Siphon flushing method is gravity-fed which allows for an efficient, clean flush while keeping things quiet. - The toilet is ASME and ADA compliant - Extra Clean and Quiet gravity flush, siphonic washdown - Help you in saving water and money - Choose your flow – both Low 0.8 and High 1.6 gal. Flush - No major complaints yet What to Look for When Choosing Silent Flush Toilets Before you rush to start buying your quiet toilet, it is important to look at what to look out for in the quietest flushing toilet if you have not bought one before. Here are some factors to guide you to decide which toilet is ideal for your space and your convenience. The Bowl Shape The bowl shape of the toilet will depend on your space and your personal preference. There are two types of bowl shapes available. These are Elongated and Round toilet bowls. If your toilet room is not big enough, you have to opt for the round toilet bowl because it does take much space but can be uncomfortable for some people. However round bowls make sense if you are trying to save space or you already have a tight space. The other bowl type is the elongated bowl. This type of bowl is elongated or long therefore providing enough space for your thighs and is more comfortable to use especially for men. Unfortunately, elongated bowls take much space in the room and are not ideal for space savers or if your toilet room is small. The good thing though is that the toilet bowl shape does not affect its quietness. Looking for One-Piece or Two-Piece Toilet Type There are two primary types of toilets – thus one-piece or two-piece. To explain each type, we first need to know the parts of the toilet. The toilet is made up of three parts; the tank, pedestal, and bowl. With a one-piece toilet, all the parts are combined in one with the bowl and the tank both joined together as one. The advantage of a one-piece toilet is that the installation is easier because you only install it once. Two-piece toilet type, on the other hand, comes in two-piece and each needs to be installed separately and then get joined together. The tank and the toilet are separate. There isn’t any functional difference between the two. The one-piece toilets are more expensive than the two-piece toilet types. The flushing system of the toilet is one of the determining factors of how quiet and powerful the toilet can be. There are three main types of flushing systems and these are: - Pressured-assisted flush - Gravity flush - Dual flush The pressured-assisted flush systems are mainly found in planes toilets and are probably the loudest. These are not recommended if you are looking for the best silent flush toilet. They use pressured air to force water from the tank into the toilet bowl. Gravity flush toilet systems use gravity to force water from the tank into the toilet bowl. These are some of the quietest flush toilets but mostly lack the strength when you compare them to pressure-assisted flush systems. The Dual flush system has two options for flushing. There are small and big bottoms on it to select whether you want to flush liquid like urine down( using the small bottom) or you want to flush solid waste (using the big bottom). With the dual flush, you have control over the amount of water you use. If you want an eco-friendly system, then the dual system is more ideal. In a nutshell, the ideal flushing system should be long-lasting, sturdy, and efficient. Gallons Per Flush (GPF) The amount of water your toilet drains per flush is termed the gallons per flush(GPF). Most toilets are designed to drain about 1.6 GPF. A more powerful quietest power flush toilet can take more than that. Some toilet’s flush systems have 1.28 – 13 GPF. Thereby, delivery a more powerful flush. If you want to save on water, then you will need to consider getting a lower gallon per flush toilet but these are noisier than those with high gallons per flush. The traditional color for a toilet is either white or a white hue. With that said, there are now a number of colors in use: black, grey, blue, etc. So, the colors will be your personal choice. However, these colors are primarily neutral and flow with most designs. Besides getting a quieter toilet for your bathroom, you will also need to soundproof your bathroom to reduce any noise coming from there for complete privacy. I recently shared tips on how to soundproof a bathroom here. You can check it out. How to Quiet a Noisy Toilet When it comes to toilets, anything can happen. You can start out with a quiet toilet then later it gets noisier. Will, you just remove and throw it away and get a new one?. I guess that might not be cost-effective for most people. With that in mind, it’s good to know how to quiet your noisy toilet in case it gets to that point instead of just replacing it without trying these tips I will share here. As a toilet gets older, it can make some noise, so it will be good to troubleshoot and fix the problem if possible. With many years of use, some parts of the toilet are bound to get loose. To fix them, get a screw and start fixing all the visible parts such as the pipes and clamps. Check for all visible loose parts and tighten them into place. For the parts that you cant access easily, get a plumber to assist you with those and fix them for you to give you the privacy you desire. Adjust Water Flow Is the water pressure more than usual?. Sometimes the intensity of the noise coming from the toilet can be because of high water pressure from the water valve. To reduce this noise, you will need to adjust the water valve to the desired water pressure level to reduce the pressure noise. Another way will be to also check the water flow to see if you notice any echo when you flush the toilet, it may be an obstacle in the valve preventing the flow out of the water. To fix it, you can get the valve adjusted to a suitable level. Block the Sound Out The other way you can reduce the noise in the toilet would be to block out the sound of flushing by using sound insulators such as weatherstripping foam tape to seal the wall gaps around the tank. To do this you can follow these steps: - Start by removing the toilet tank lid - Ensure that all the edges are clean and dry so you can tape them effectively - Cut the adhesive foam tape and place it around the edges of the lid and tank - After that, press lightly and close the tank lid Following these steps will reduce the noise within the toilet tank when you flush. Final Thoughts on the Quietest Flushing Toilet In all honesty, getting one of these above-mentioned quietest flushing toilets will save you the embarrassment in that toilet that is currently drawing unnecessary attention to you or waking others up in the midst of their sleep. All of the above quiet flush toilets are efficient and powerful in reducing noise. Depending on your budget, some are quieter and more powerful than others. You can choose according to your budget. But remember a good toilet is a long-term investment and you should choose the best one for your home. Toilets take years before you change them. If you get the right type, you won’t be replacing it anytime soon.

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In this article, we will discuss the top 30 hottest anime girls who have left a lasting impact on fans and pop culture. So be with us for the complete information. The world of anime is filled with many stunning female characters that are as captivating as the plot itself. With their charming personalities and breathtaking looks, they are sure to dazzle anyone. Whether you are a fan of anime or just looking for some eye candy, this article is sure to satisfy your craving for hot anime girls. Prepare to be wowed by the hottest anime girls ever! From the seductive to the innocent, these strikingly beautiful female characters have intriguing personalities that will keep you hooked. List of Top Hottest Girls In Anime 2023 Here we are going to mention the list of the top 30 hottest anime girls who have gained immense popularity for their captivating charm and irresistible appeal. Table of Contents Akame (Akame Ga Kill) Don’t fall for her innocent-looking face, she can kill you in an instant. Akame is a fan-favourite character from the anime Akame ga Kill. A striking black and red design, coupled with a perfect figure, contributes to the allure of her look. She is a remarkable character in anime because of her dominant personality and fierce demeanor toward her enemies. In addition, her icy personality and red eyes make her one of the list’s most intriguing and hottest anime characters. Akame was surely the hottest girl in the anime besides Esdeath , but sadly we will never get to see her again as there will be no Akame Ga Kill season 2. Kurumi (Date A Live) Kurumi does look like a typical anime girl but don’t let her sweet appearance fool you. She is a spirit with more than 1,000 kills over her head. Kurumi has a psycho and lewd personality at the same time which distinguishes her from other spirits in the anime. She is definitely one of the hottest anime girls in “Date A Live”. Asuna (Sword Art Online) Asuna is definitely one of the most famous anime girls out there. She is a strong and confident young woman who earned the nickname “Flash” because of her fast sword skills. Asuna is not only beautiful, but she is also very natural. Her kind and helpful nature also add to her personality. Mizuhara Chizuru (Rent A Girlfriend) Mizuhara Chizuru is the best girl in the anime Rent A Girlfriend. She is the highest-rated rental girlfriend in the anime. She is the reason many people watch this anime. At first glance, Mizuhara looks like a kind and considerate girl. But the truth is that she is incredibly proud of her reputation, and when it suffers, she may get agitated and arrogant. With her perfect curvy body, she definitely deserves the spot in this list of top hottest anime girls. Midnight (My Hero Academia) Who wants to be saved by the hottest female hero in MHA? Midnight is considered an R-rated superhero because of her quirk. She became one of the fan’s favorite characters even though she had such little screen time. She definitely has the best, if not the most appealing figure, in the MHA series. She doesn’t even need to use her quirk to make viewers lose consciousness. Saber (Fate Series) You can’t talk about the Fate series without mentioning Saber, also known as Artoria Pendragon. Saber is one of the most famous characters in the entire Fate series. She is a strong and confident girl with some extraordinary fighting skills. Fans loves to see her fight and her looks are unmatched. With her slim and beautiful body, Saber definitely deserves a spot on this list of the top 30 hottest anime girls. Nami (One Piece) Next on our list is Nami from the famous shonen anime series One Piece. In terms of hotness, Nami is in a league of her own. Nami is an important part of the One Piece series; without her, straw hats can never travel in the sea, as she is the navigator of the ship. She may not be as strong as Luffy, Zoro, or Sanji, but her cuteness is enough to capture the hearts of millions. Her looks and dripping sexiness are enough to give her the spot in the list of top Hottest women in anime. The beautiful and hot character from Bleach, Orihime Inoue, captivates with her long, flowing auburn hair, large expressive brown eyes, and a slender figure. Her charm extends beyond her stunning appearance, as her kind-hearted nature and willingness to help others make her a true gem. Orihime’s shiny hair, captivating eyes, well-proportioned figure, and caring personality ensure she turns heads wherever she goes. If you are a true Naruto fan, you already know that Lady 106 will be on this list of the hottest anime girls. Tsunade Senju is one of the legendary sannin in the series. By looking at her beauty, no one can say that she is already 50 years old. Even at this age, Tsunade has a perfect, unrivalled curvy body in the entire Naruto series. She is a prime example that a woman can be strong, fierce, intelligent, and beautiful at the same time. Esdeath (Akame Ga Kill) Esdeath is the alluring and hot-headed General of the Empire’s Jaegers in Akame ga Kill, who captivates with her beauty and fierceness. With long, white hair tied back in a ponytail, piercing blue eyes, and a slender figure, she exudes a commanding presence. Renowned for her ice manipulation and combat prowess, Esdeath’s ruthless nature is balanced by glimpses of her softer side, revealing her capacity for love and compassion. This complex character’s captivating beauty, intense demeanor, and multifaceted personality make her a formidable presence both on and off the battlefield. Miku (The Quintessential Quintuplets) Miku Nakano is one of the Nakano quintuplets in The Quintessential Quintuplets. She has captivated fans with her beauty and hotness. Her shy and sweet personality endeared her to viewers. With long, brown hair and blue eyes, Miku’s charm lies in her kind and caring nature. She is intelligent, and hardworking, and shares a passion for reading and music. Miku’s combination of beauty, shy demeanor, and endearing personality has garnered a devoted fanbase who appreciates her warmth and dedication. Her shy nature an amazing curvy body definitely make her one of the hottest anime girls. Mitsuri Kanroji (Demon Slayer) Mitsuri Kanaroji is the supporting character in the Demon Slayer anime. She is one of the strongest Hashiras in Demon Slayer Corps. Demon Slayer doesn’t disappoint us when it comes to having attractive girls in the series, and no one comes close to Mitsuri Kanroji in terms of hotness. This pink-haired anime girl is cute, attractive, kind, and powerful. She is the most lovely anime girl in demon slayer. Mitsuri is nice and loves almost everything and everyone. She has an amazing hourglass figure that makes her one of the hottest girl in anime. Yumeko Jabami (Kakegurui) Crazy but yet hot Yumeko Jabami is the main character in the series Kakegurui. With her long black hair, mesmerizing red eyes, and slender yet athletic figure, she commands attention effortlessly. Yumeko’s intelligence and gambling skills make her an exceptional and thrilling character. She is a risk-taking thrill-seeker, passionate about gambling and always giving her utmost. Yumeko’s unique and exciting personality, combined with her striking appearance, keeps viewers on the edge of their seats, making her a favorite among fans. Rin Tohsaka (Fate) One of the most famous tsundare characters Rin Tohsaka is next on this list of hottest anime girls . She is the beautiful and hot mage from Fate, captivating fans with her fiery personality and sharp wit. With long black hair, piercing red eyes, and a slender yet athletic figure, Rin’s beauty is undeniable. Her confidence, assertiveness, and revealing outfits add to her hotness. Rin’s fans adore her for her strength, personality, and well-developed character, making her one of the most beloved character in the series. Rangiku Matsumoto, the stunning and fiery lieutenant of the Gotei 13 in Bleach, possesses a beauty that captivates and the hot-headedness that ignites. With her long, flowing blonde hair, mesmerizing blue eyes, and voluptuous figure, she exudes irresistible allure. Rangiku’s skill in combat is matched by her kindness and caring nature. Known for her strong and independent spirit, loyal friendships, and fierce warrior skills, she has become a beloved fan-favorite character from the series. Rangiku embodies beauty, hotness, personality, and strength, making her an unforgettable character. Hibana (Fire Force) In this list of hottest anime girls, we can’t forget Hibana from the fire force. She is the fiery captain of Fire Force’s 5th Company and possesses captivating beauty and hotness. With her flowing red hair, piercing green eyes, and slender yet athletic physique, she captivates both fans and foes. Her combat skills make her a formidable force, while her confidence, intelligence, and fiery personality inspire admiration. Hibana’s strong and independent nature, coupled with her stunning appearance, has made her a role model and fan favorite. Erza Scarlet (Fairytale) Erza Scarlet, a beloved character in Fairy Tail, is renowned for her beauty, hotness, and kind-hearted nature. With scarlet hair, captivating green eyes, and stylish armor, she exudes both grace and power. Possessing a slender yet athletic figure, she confidently dons revealing outfits. Known for her kindness and loyalty, Erza’s willingness to assist others makes her a cherished figure among fans. Her beauty, strength, and compassionate personality inspire admiration, establishing her as a role model and a beloved character in Fairy Tail. Nico Robin (One Piece) One piece is filled with the hottest anime girls, and Nico Robin is one of them. She is popular among the fandom for her beauty and hotness. With her long, black hair, dark eyes, and slender figure, she exudes an alluring charm. Besides her stunning appearance, Robin’s intelligence and vast knowledge make her an invaluable member of the Straw Hat Pirates. She possesses a strong, independent nature, and her unwavering loyalty to her friends and Luffy adds to her appeal. Nico Robin’s captivating beauty, mysterious aura, and multifaceted personality continue to enthrall fans, making her a beloved character in the world of anime. Yoruichi Shihōin, the sizzling feline captain from Bleach, rocks both beauty and brawn – a real catwalk warrior! With luscious black locks, eyes that could melt your heart (or your enemies), and a figure so fit it makes sprinting look like a breeze, she’s got us all bewitched. Her loyal love for her crew is purr-fectly heartwarming, and her sense of humor? Well, it’s just purr-fiction! Fans can’t get enough of this fur-formidable combo of charm and strength. Yor Forger (Spy X Family) Yor Forger, a stunning and hot woman in Spy x Family, possesses long, black hair, captivating blue eyes, and a slender figure. Her combat prowess adds to her desirability, making her both a formidable force and an attractive partner. Yor’s shiny, well-styled hair, expressive blue eyes, and well-proportioned, agile body reflect her years of training. Moreover, her kindness and devotion to her family complement her badass nature, ensuring all eyes are on her wherever she ventures. Boa Hancock (One Piece) It is impossible that we are talking about the hottest anime girl and we don’t include Boa Hancock from one piece. Considered as the most beautiful woman, Boa Hancock is the former warlord and one of the strongest women in one piece. She stands fairly tall and has long, dark hair and eyes. She is regarded as One Piece’s most attractive chick. She has a very hard heart since she views males as nothing more than filth. Fortunately, after meeting Luffy, Her perspective shifted. Boa’s power is literally turning people into stone who get attracted to her. But be careful; she hates all the men except for Luffy. Violet Evergarden (Violet Evergarden) Violet Evergarden, a beautiful and hot young woman in the anime series of the same name, possesses stunning features. With her long, flowing blonde hair, captivating blue eyes, and slender yet athletic physique, she radiates beauty. Beyond her physical appearance, Violet embodies kindness, care, and compassion, consistently prioritizing others. Her inspirational nature and ability to touch hearts make her an exceptional character. Violet’s captivating blonde hair, expressive blue eyes, athletic figure, empathetic nature, and remarkable intelligence contribute to her overall appeal, leaving a lasting impact on all those she encounters. Mikasa Ackerman (Attack On Titan) Mikasa Ackerman is undeniably one of anime’s hottest characters. With her long, black hair, captivating blue eyes, and a fit yet graceful physique, she exudes both beauty and strength. Not only is she a skilled combatant, but her kind-hearted nature and unwavering loyalty make her even more desirable. Mikasa’s stunning hair, striking eyes, athletic body, combat prowess, and fierce devotion to loved ones combine to create a captivating and irresistible character. Zero Two (Darling In The Franx) Zero Two, a captivating character from the anime Darling in the Franxx, embodies beauty, hotness, and sexiness. With her long, pink hair, mesmerising horns, and slender yet athletic physique, she commands attention effortlessly. Beyond her striking appearance, Zero Two reveals a multifaceted personality. Initially enigmatic, she later unveils her kind, caring, and passionate nature, while fiercely protecting her loved ones. Zero Two’s lustrous pink hair, unique horns, athletic figure, combat prowess, and unwavering loyalty make her an alluring and complex character, leaving a lasting impression wherever she ventures. Albedo, the captivating succubus and Overseer of the Guardians of the Great Tomb of Nazarick in Overlord embodies both beauty and hotness. With her long, black hair, captivating yellow eyes, and voluptuous figure, she exudes irresistible allure. Albedo’s intelligence and power make her a formidable force to be reckoned with. Her loyalty to Ainz Ooal Gown is unwavering, and she will go to great lengths to please him. While she can be possessive and jealous, Albedo ultimately possesses a kind and caring nature, always striving for the happiness of her friends and family. Albedo’s enchanting appearance, commanding presence, and complex personality ensure she stands out wherever she may be. Fubuki (One Punch Man) Fubuki, the captivating young woman from One Punch Man, exudes beauty and hotness with her long, dark green hair and mesmerising green eyes. Her intelligence and mastery of psychic powers add to her allure. While confident in her appearance, she can also be arrogant and manipulative, often clashing with her sister, Tatsumaki. Fubuki’s ambition drives her to become the strongest esper, yet she remains fiercely loyal to her friends. As a complex and captivating character, Fubuki continues to captivate fans with her unique charm. Marin Kitagawa (My Dress Up Darling) If you guys haven’t watched My dress up darling yet then you are missing a lot. Marin is the new crush of almost every anime fan out there. Since the release of the anime, Marin has captured the hearts of millions of people and was one of the most famous anime girls of 2022. In regard to her beauty, It would take more than just one page to discuss her hotness in this article. Rias Gremory (High School Dxd) In this article, we are looking at the top 30 hottest anime girls and it is impossible that we miss out on the queen of hotness Rias Gremory. Her beautiful blue-green eyes and crimson-red hair are enough to make anyone fall in love with her. Her mature and protective nature is also what allures most of the fans. The majority of people started watching Highschool DXD only because of rias Gregory Mai Sakurajima (Bunny Girl Senpai) Mai Sakurajima is the main character in the series “Rascal does not dream of bunny girl senpai.” Mai is the ideal girlfriend that every guy in the world wants. She is beautiful, successful, kind, and, most importantly, understanding. With her beauty and amazing personality she definitely deserves the 2nd spot as the hottest anime girl. Mai has purple eyes and long, black hair. She has an adorable fringe that conceals her face and a pretty smile. Even though she doesn’t attack people, she frequently comes out as a serious person, but withSakuta Azusagawa, things are different. Mai frequently punches, slaps, steps on, and pinches him. She typically acts in this way when Sakuta says anything offensive to her or when she is irritated. She adores him dearly and does not wish to part with him. In addition to all of this, she is a decent person. Akeno Hemijima (High School Dxd) If you have ever watched Highschool DXD then this should not be a surprise for you. Akeno Himejima is listed as the hottest anime girl. She is beautiful and very seductive in nature. No one can deny the fact that she is the best girl in Highschool DXD anime. Her bewitching beauty and curvy body are in a league of her own. As the Vice President of the Occult Research Club and Rias Gremory’s Queen, she showcases both strength and kindness. Akeno’s long black hair, alluring violet eyes, and voluptuous figure enhance her fan-favorite status. With her skill in lightning magic, unwavering care for others, complex character development, and amazing body Akeno is the hottest anime girl. Who Is The Hottest Anime Girl In The World? Akeno from Highschool Dxd is the hottest anime girl. Akeno stands out in anime as an impressive character. With her sexy body and seductive personality Akeno Himejima is definitely the definition of hotness in anime. Why Are Guys Attracted To Anime Girls? Anime girls are attractive because they dial up to 11 all the characteristics that make 3D girls cute in our eyes. bigger eyes, flawless skin, long legs, lovely features, nice vocals, etc. This is the reason guys are attracted to anime girls. After a lot of research, we make the complete list of the top 30 hottest anime girls in 2023. Hopefully, you are completely satisfied with the above-noted information. If you are an anime fan lover then this website is best for you because here we give you all the information or updates related to anime. If you are interested to learn more you can check out our other latest post on Tenlisters.

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Welcome to Cold Spring, NY, a charming village nestled in the Hudson Valley. With its picturesque scenery, rich history, and vibrant arts scene, there are plenty of top-rated things to do in this quaint town. Whether you’re a nature enthusiast, history buff, or art lover, Cold Spring offers something for everyone. If you’re a nature lover, start your visit with a hike along the stunning trails of Hudson Highlands State Park. Immerse yourself in the beauty of the Hudson River, as you explore the park’s lush forests, cascading waterfalls, and panoramic views. Don’t forget to pack a picnic basket and soak in the tranquility of the surroundings. History buffs will be delighted with a visit to West Point Foundry Preserve. Step back in time as you wander through the remains of a historic ironworks that played a vital role in the Industrial Revolution. Learn about the innovative technologies developed here and the impact they had on the nation’s development. Art enthusiasts shouldn’t miss a visit to Magazzino Italian Art, an impressive contemporary art museum that showcases works by Italian artists. Explore the thought-provoking exhibitions and immerse yourself in the world of modern Italian art. The museum’s sleek and minimalist design adds to the overall experience. Explore the Charming Village Nestled in the picturesque Hudson Valley, the village of Cold Spring is a charming destination that offers a delightful mix of historic sites, quaint shops, and stunning natural beauty. Whether you’re a history buff, an outdoor enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, Cold Spring has something to offer. 1. Main Street: Start your exploration of Cold Spring at Main Street, the heart of the village. Lined with beautifully preserved 19th-century buildings, this vibrant street is home to numerous boutiques, art galleries, and eateries. Take a leisurely stroll and soak in the small-town charm as you browse through the eclectic shops. 2. Cold Spring Depot: Located right by the Hudson River, the Cold Spring Depot is a historic train station that offers stunning views of the water. Step inside for a glimpse into the village’s past and learn about its significance as a transportation hub during the 19th century. You can also enjoy a delicious meal or grab a drink at the Depot Restaurant and Bar. 3. Hudson Highlands State Park: For outdoor enthusiasts, a visit to Hudson Highlands State Park is a must. Just a short drive from Cold Spring, this expansive park offers miles of hiking trails that wind through lush forests, past cascading waterfalls, and to breathtaking viewpoints. Don’t forget to bring your camera to capture the stunning vistas. 4. West Point Foundry Preserve: History buffs will appreciate a visit to the West Point Foundry Preserve, a former ironworks that played a significant role during the American Industrial Revolution. Explore the ruins of the foundry, walk along the interpretive trails, and learn about the innovative technologies that were developed here. 5. Boscobel House and Gardens: Located just outside of Cold Spring, Boscobel House and Gardens is a beautifully restored Federal-style mansion that offers a glimpse into the region’s history. Take a guided tour of the house, stroll through the manicured gardens, and enjoy the stunning views of the Hudson River. 6. Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary: If you’re a nature lover, don’t miss a visit to the Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary. This serene wetland sanctuary is home to a wide variety of bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. Explore the nature trails and keep your eye out for ospreys, herons, and other feathered residents. With its historic charm, natural beauty, and plenty of things to see and do, Cold Spring is a destination that should not be missed. Plan your visit today and experience the enchantment of this charming village. Stroll Along Main Street When visiting Cold Spring, NY, one of the top-rated things to do is to take a leisurely stroll along Main Street. This charming street is lined with historic buildings and unique shops that offer a variety of treasures to discover. As you wander along Main Street, you’ll notice the quaint architecture that dates back to the 19th century. The well-preserved buildings give you a glimpse into the town’s rich history and add to the overall charm of the area. One of the highlights of walking along Main Street is exploring the various shops that are scattered throughout the area. From antique stores to boutique clothing shops, there is something for everyone’s taste. You can browse through rare books, handcrafted jewelry, and locally-made crafts that make for perfect souvenirs or gifts. While strolling along Main Street, be sure to stop by the local art galleries and admire the works of talented artists. You’ll find a diverse range of art styles, from traditional to contemporary, and may even have the opportunity to meet artists and learn about their creative process. If you’re feeling hungry or in need of a caffeine boost, Main Street is also home to a variety of restaurants, cafes, and bakeries. You can enjoy a leisurely lunch or grab a quick snack to refuel before continuing your exploration of the town. As you stroll along Main Street, take the time to soak in the atmosphere and enjoy the small-town charm that Cold Spring has to offer. Whether you’re window shopping, sipping a cup of coffee, or simply taking in the sights and sounds, a leisurely walk along Main Street is a delightful experience that shouldn’t be missed. Visit Unique Shops and Boutiques Exploring the charming town of Cold Spring would not be complete without a visit to its unique shops and boutiques. From handmade crafts to vintage clothing, there is something for everyone to enjoy. One standout shop is Hudson Hil’s Market & Café, which offers a variety of specialty foods and locally sourced products. You can browse their selection of gourmet items, including artisanal cheeses, freshly baked goods, and organic produce. Don’t forget to try their delicious breakfast and lunch options, which are made with high-quality ingredients. If you’re a book lover, be sure to stop by Split Rock Books. This cozy bookstore features an impressive collection of new and used books, as well as knowledgeable staff who can recommend the perfect read. You can spend hours getting lost in their selection of fiction, non-fiction, and children’s books. For those interested in unique clothing and accessories, Old Souls is a must-visit. This boutique specializes in vintage and bohemian-inspired fashion, offering a curated collection of clothing, jewelry, and home goods. You’ll find one-of-a-kind pieces that will add a touch of character to your wardrobe or living space. An eclectic shop that shouldn’t be missed is Carlo’s Wine Cellar. This family-owned and operated store offers an extensive selection of wines from around the world. Whether you’re a wine connoisseur or simply looking for a bottle to enjoy with your dinner, the knowledgeable staff at Carlo’s Wine Cellar will help you find the perfect option. Lastly, don’t forget to visit Handmade, a shop dedicated to showcasing locally made crafts and artwork. From handcrafted pottery to unique jewelry, you’ll find a wide range of beautiful and one-of-a-kind items. Supporting local artists and artisans has never been easier. Visiting the unique shops and boutiques in Cold Spring is not only a great way to indulge in retail therapy but also an opportunity to support local businesses and discover something truly special. So take a stroll down Main Street and prepare to be charmed by the treasures you’ll find along the way. Discover Outdoor Activities If you’re looking to enjoy the beauty of Cold Spring’s natural surroundings, there are plenty of outdoor activities to choose from. 1. Hiking and Walking Trails: Explore the various hiking and walking trails that wind through Cold Spring and the surrounding area. Breakneck Ridge Trail, Bull Hill Trail, and Mount Taurus are popular options for breathtaking views and a challenging hike. 2. Canoeing and Kayaking: Take to the Hudson River for a relaxing day of canoeing or kayaking. Rent a boat or bring your own to explore the calm waters and enjoy the picturesque scenery along the river. 3. Fishing: Cast a line into the Hudson River and try your luck at catching fish. Whether you’re an experienced angler or a beginner, fishing in Cold Spring offers a great opportunity to relax and enjoy the peacefulness of the water. 4. Biking: Bring your bike and explore the area’s scenic routes and trails. Cold Spring is surrounded by picturesque countryside, making it an ideal destination for cycling enthusiasts of all levels. 5. Picnic in the Park: Pack a picnic and head to one of Cold Spring’s charming parks. Enjoy a leisurely afternoon in the fresh air, surrounded by beautiful landscapes and a tranquil atmosphere. 6. Take a Scenic Drive: Enjoy the breathtaking views of the Hudson River from the comfort of your car. Take a scenic drive along Route 9D to experience the beauty of the area and stop at various lookout points along the way. 7. Visit the Stonecrop Gardens: Explore the stunning Stonecrop Gardens, home to an array of unique plant species and beautiful landscapes. Take a leisurely walk through the gardens and enjoy the tranquility of nature. 8. Go Birdwatching: Cold Spring is a paradise for birdwatchers. Grab your binoculars and head to the Constitution Marsh Audubon Center and Sanctuary to spot a variety of bird species in their natural habitat. Whether you prefer a relaxing stroll or an adrenaline-pumping hike, Cold Spring offers a wide range of outdoor activities to suit every interest and skill level. Immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the area and create unforgettable memories in this charming New York town. Hike the Trails of Hudson Highlands State Park One of the top-rated things to do in Cold Spring, NY is to hike the trails of Hudson Highlands State Park. This scenic state park offers a variety of trails for hikers of all skill levels, making it the perfect destination for outdoor enthusiasts. With over 7,000 acres of preserved land, Hudson Highlands State Park boasts breathtaking views of the Hudson River, as well as stunning landscapes and diverse wildlife. The park is home to numerous hiking trails that wind through forests, meadows, and along the river’s edge. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or just starting out, there is a trail for everyone at Hudson Highlands State Park. The Breakneck Ridge trail is famous for its challenging ascent and rewarding panoramic views from the summit. For a more leisurely hike, the Undercliff/Overcliff Loop offers a moderate trail that follows the river and provides stunning views of Storm King Mountain. For those looking for a longer hike, the Beacon Hill Loop is a great option. This 10-mile trail takes you through the heart of the park and offers a mix of challenging uphill climbs and peaceful stretches along the river. The Bull Hill trail is another popular choice, known for its steep ascent and rocky terrain. |Beacon Hill Loop Before setting out on your hike, make sure to bring proper hiking gear, including sturdy shoes, plenty of water, and snacks. It’s also a good idea to check the park’s website or visitor center for any trail closures or advisories. So, if you’re looking for an adventure in Cold Spring, NY, make sure to hike the trails of Hudson Highlands State Park. With its stunning views and diverse trails, it’s an outdoor experience not to be missed. Take a Boat Trip on the Hudson River One of the best ways to soak in the beauty of Cold Spring and its surroundings is by taking a boat trip on the Hudson River. This scenic river, which stretches for miles, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and lush landscapes. There are several boat tour operators in Cold Spring that offer various options for exploring the Hudson River. Whether you’re looking for a leisurely cruise or an adventurous kayaking trip, there’s something for everyone. During your boat trip, you can admire the stunning waterfront mansions, historic sites, and charming villages that dot the shoreline. Keep an eye out for wildlife such as eagles, herons, and turtles, which are often spotted along the riverbanks. If you’re a history buff, you’ll enjoy learning about the rich history of the Hudson River. Many boat tours offer narrated tours that provide fascinating insights into the region’s past, including its role in the Revolutionary War and as a major shipping route. For those seeking a more active adventure, consider renting a kayak or paddleboard and exploring the river at your own pace. There are several rental shops in Cold Spring that offer equipment and guided tours for all skill levels. Whether you choose a guided boat tour or opt for a self-guided adventure, a boat trip on the Hudson River is a must-do activity in Cold Spring. It’s the perfect way to relax, take in the stunning scenery, and create lasting memories of your visit to this charming Hudson Valley town. Experience History and Culture When visiting Cold Spring, NY, you have the opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the area. Here are some of the top-rated historical and cultural activities to check out: - Take a tour of Boscobel House and Gardens, a beautiful neoclassical mansion from the early 19th century. Explore the house’s stunning architecture and gardens while learning about its history. - Visit the Cold Spring Depot, a historic train station dating back to the 19th century. Take a step back in time and imagine what it was like when trains were the primary mode of transportation. - Explore the Putnam History Museum, which chronicles the rich history of Putnam County. From Native American artifacts to exhibits on the Revolutionary War, this museum offers a fascinating look into the past. - Discover the West Point Foundry Preserve, a former ironworks where cannons were manufactured during the Civil War. Take a hike through the preserve and learn about its industrial history. - Visit Fort Montgomery State Historic Site, a Revolutionary War fortification overlooking the Hudson River. Explore the fort’s ruins and learn about its strategic importance during the war. By experiencing the history and culture of Cold Spring, NY, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the area’s past and the people who shaped it. Visit the Historic Cold Spring Cemetery One of the most fascinating and historically significant places to explore in Cold Spring is the Historic Cold Spring Cemetery. Dating back to the early 19th century, this cemetery is the final resting place of many notable individuals who played a significant role in the history of the town and the surrounding area. As you walk through the cemetery, you will come across the graves of soldiers from the American Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and other conflicts. These brave men and women made tremendous sacrifices to protect and defend their country, and visiting their graves can be a powerful and humbling experience. In addition to the military graves, the cemetery is also home to the final resting places of prominent citizens who have shaped Cold Spring’s history. From local politicians and businesspeople to artists and activists, the cemetery showcases the diverse and vibrant tapestry of the town’s past. Aside from its historical significance, the cemetery is also known for its stunning natural beauty. The well-maintained grounds are dotted with ancient trees, and flowers bloom throughout the seasons, creating a peaceful and serene atmosphere. When visiting the Historic Cold Spring Cemetery, it is important to be respectful and mindful of the surroundings. Remember to tread lightly, keep noise to a minimum, and refrain from picking any flowers or disturbing the graves. Overall, a visit to the Historic Cold Spring Cemetery is a unique opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the history and heritage of Cold Spring. Whether you have a personal connection to the cemetery or are simply interested in local history, this is a must-visit destination for anyone with an appreciation for the past. Tour the West Point Foundry Preserve When visiting Cold Spring, NY, don’t miss the opportunity to tour the West Point Foundry Preserve. This historic site offers visitors the chance to step back in time and explore the fascinating history of the ironworks industry in the Hudson Valley. The West Point Foundry was established in 1817 and played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution. It produced artillery and ordnance for the United States Army and was a major supplier during the American Civil War. Today, the preserve showcases the remnants of this once-thriving ironworks, giving visitors a glimpse into the past. During your tour, you’ll have the chance to explore the preserve’s walking trails, which wind through the beautiful forested landscape. Along the way, you’ll encounter various ruins, including the blast furnace, casting house, and machine shop. These structures provide a tangible connection to the history of industry and innovation in the Hudson Valley. Make sure to keep an eye out for interpretive signs and plaques that provide information about the significance of each structure. You can also download a self-guided tour map from the preserve’s website to enhance your exploration. As you wander through the preserve, take a moment to appreciate the natural surroundings. The West Point Foundry Preserve is a haven for plants and wildlife, with many species calling this area home. Keep an eye out for birds, butterflies, and other creatures as you stroll through this unique and scenic landscape. Whether you’re a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful place to relax and unwind, touring the West Point Foundry Preserve should be on your list of top-rated things to do in Cold Spring, NY. It’s a chance to connect with both the past and the natural beauty of the Hudson Valley. Don’t miss out on this opportunity to explore a piece of American history! Taste the Local Cuisine When visiting Cold Spring, NY, one of the top-rated things to do is to indulge in the local cuisine. This charming town offers a variety of dining options that are sure to satisfy any palate. Start your culinary journey at one of the many cozy cafes scattered throughout Cold Spring. Enjoy a freshly brewed cup of coffee and a homemade pastry while taking in the picturesque views of Main Street. These local cafes are known for their friendly service and delicious baked goods. If you’re in the mood for something more substantial, head to one of Cold Spring’s top-rated restaurants. These establishments pride themselves on using locally sourced ingredients to create unforgettable dishes. Whether you’re in the mood for traditional American cuisine or international flavors, you’re sure to find something to suit your taste buds. For seafood lovers, Cold Spring is a must-visit destination. The town is situated on the banks of the Hudson River, offering access to fresh catches from local fishermen. Indulge in a seafood feast at one of the waterfront restaurants and savor the flavors of the ocean. Don’t forget to visit the local farmer’s market to sample the region’s finest produce, artisanal cheeses, and homemade goodies. This is the perfect opportunity to taste the flavors of Cold Spring and support local businesses. To truly immerse yourself in the local cuisine, consider booking a food tour. These guided tours will take you to some of the hidden culinary gems in Cold Spring, allowing you to taste a variety of dishes while learning about the town’s history and culture. |The Main Course |Brasserie Le Bouchon |Hudson House Inn |Hudson Hil’s Market & Cafe |Cold Spring Depot |Cold Spring Trestle |Charred American Bar + Grill Make sure to plan your visit to Cold Spring, NY with a focus on exploring the local cuisine. With its quaint cafes, waterfront seafood restaurants, and diverse dining options, this charming town is a food lover’s paradise. Indulge in Farm-to-Table Restaurants If you’re a foodie looking for a unique dining experience, Cold Spring is home to several farm-to-table restaurants that are sure to please your palate. These establishments pride themselves on using locally sourced ingredients and supporting local farms, ensuring that you enjoy the freshest and most flavorful dishes. One of the top-rated farm-to-table restaurants in Cold Spring is The Roundhouse. Situated in a beautifully restored historic building, this restaurant offers a stunning view of the nearby waterfall, creating a truly picturesque dining atmosphere. Their menu changes with the seasons, so you can always expect to find the freshest ingredients in their dishes. Hudson House River Inn is another must-visit farm-to-table restaurant in town. Located right on the Hudson River, this restaurant offers breathtaking views and a cozy ambiance. Their menu features dishes made with ingredients sourced from local farms and artisanal producers, guaranteeing a delicious and sustainable dining experience. If you’re in the mood for Italian cuisine, look no further than Justin Thyme Café. This charming restaurant focuses on using locally grown and organic ingredients to create authentic Italian dishes with a modern twist. From traditional pasta dishes to artisanal pizzas, their farm-to-table approach adds a unique touch to every bite. Lastly, Melzingah Tap House offers a farm-to-table gastropub experience. With a vast selection of craft beers and a menu featuring seasonal and locally sourced ingredients, this restaurant is perfect for casual dining with friends or family. Try their elevated pub fare and enjoy the cozy and inviting atmosphere. When visiting Cold Spring, don’t miss the opportunity to indulge in the delicious offerings of these farm-to-table restaurants. Immerse yourself in the local culinary scene, support sustainable agriculture, and treat your taste buds to a memorable dining experience. What are some of the top-rated attractions in Cold Spring, NY? Some of the top-rated attractions in Cold Spring, NY include hiking in Hudson Highlands State Park, visiting the historic West Point Military Academy, exploring the charming Main Street, shopping at the Cold Spring Farmers Market, and taking a boat tour along the Hudson River. Is Cold Spring, NY a good destination for outdoor activities? Yes, Cold Spring, NY is a great destination for outdoor activities. You can go hiking in the beautiful Hudson Highlands State Park, go kayaking or canoeing on the Hudson River, or even try rock climbing at Breakneck Ridge. There are plenty of opportunities to enjoy nature and be active in the area. Are there any historical landmarks to visit in Cold Spring, NY? Yes, there are several historical landmarks to visit in Cold Spring, NY. One of the most notable is the West Point Military Academy, which offers guided tours of its campus and museum. Additionally, you can visit Boscobel House and Gardens, a Federal-style mansion with stunning views of the Hudson River. What are some popular activities on Main Street in Cold Spring, NY? Main Street in Cold Spring, NY is a popular destination for shopping, dining, and exploring. You can browse through unique boutiques and antique stores, enjoy a meal at one of the cozy restaurants or cafes, or simply take a leisurely stroll and admire the charming architecture of the historic buildings. Is it possible to take a scenic boat tour in Cold Spring, NY? Yes, you can take a scenic boat tour along the Hudson River in Cold Spring, NY. There are several companies that offer boat tours, which allow you to relax and enjoy the stunning views of the river and the surrounding landscapes. It’s a great way to experience the beauty of the area from a different perspective. What are some top-rated things to do in Cold Spring, NY? There are plenty of top-rated things to do in Cold Spring, NY. Some popular activities include visiting the Hudson Highlands State Park, exploring the charming Main Street with its shops and restaurants, hiking the Breakneck Ridge Trail, and taking a scenic boat cruise on the Hudson River. How can I get to Cold Spring, NY? There are a few ways to get to Cold Spring, NY. If you’re coming from New York City, you can take a Metro-North train from Grand Central Terminal, which will take you directly to Cold Spring. You can also drive to Cold Spring, as it is located just off of Interstate 84. Another option is to take a bus, with several companies offering service to Cold Spring from various locations in the region.

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These Sheriffs Release Sick Inmates to Avoid Paying Their Hospital Bills ProPublica is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative newsroom. Sign up for The Big Story newsletter to receive stories like this one in your inbox. Michael Tidwell’s blood sugar reading was at least 15 times his normal level when sheriff’s deputies took him to the hospital. But before they loaded the inmate into the back of a car, deputies propped up his slumping body and handed him a pen so he could sign a release from the Washington County Jail. “I could barely stand up or keep my eyes open,” he recalled. Tidwell said that he didn’t know what he was signing at the time, and that he lost consciousness a short time later. The consequences of his signature only became clear in the weeks that followed the 2013 medical emergency. By signing the document, which freed him on bond from the small jail in south Alabama, Tidwell had in essence agreed that the Washington County Sheriff’s Office would not be responsible for his medical costs, which included the two days he spent in a diabetic coma in intensive care at Springhill Medical Center in Mobile. It’s unclear whether Tidwell, who was uninsured at the time and in poor health afterward, was billed for his care or if the medical providers wrote it off. Neither Tidwell’s attorneys nor the hospital was able to say, and Tidwell was unable to get answers when he and a reporter called the hospital’s billing department. What is clear is that the sheriff’s office avoided paying Tidwell’s hospital bills. Tidwell had been on the receiving end of a practice referred to by many in law enforcement as a “medical bond.” Sheriffs across Alabama are increasingly deploying the tactic to avoid having to pay when inmates face medical emergencies or require expensive procedures — even ones that are necessary only because an inmate received inadequate care while incarcerated. What’s more, once they recover, some inmates are quickly rearrested and booked back into the jail from which they were released. Local jails across the country have long been faulted for providing substandard medical care. In Alabama, for instance, a mentally ill man died from flesh-eating bacteria 15 days after being booked into the Mobile County Metro Jail in 2000. And in 2013, a 19-year-old man died of gangrene less than a month after he was booked into the Madison County Jail. In both cases, officials denied wrongdoing and surviving relatives settled lawsuits alleging that poor jail health care contributed to their loved ones’ deaths. But the use of medical bonds isn’t about inferior care. It’s about who pays for care. While medical bonds have been a last resort in many states for more than 20 years, experts say they are employed in Alabama more often than elsewhere. Their use in some counties but not in others illustrates the vast power and latitude that sheriffs have in Alabama, which is the subject of a yearlong examination by AL.com and ProPublica. Several Alabama sheriffs, including Washington County Sheriff Richard Stringer, said in interviews that they often find ways to release inmates with sudden health problems to avoid responsibility for their medical costs. Stringer denied any wrongdoing in his office’s handling of Tidwell’s emergency. “We had a guy a couple of weeks ago with congestive heart failure. … The judge let him make bond so the county didn’t get stuck with that bill,” Lamar County Sheriff Hal Allred said in a March telephone interview. “We don’t have any medical staff in the jail. I wish we did, that would be great, but the way the county finances are, I won’t live long enough to see it.” Typically the process works like this: When an inmate awaiting trial is in a medical crisis, a sheriff or jail staffer requests that a judge allow him or her to be released on bond just before, or shortly after, the inmate is taken to a hospital. If the request is granted, the inmate typically signs the document granting the release. Michael Jackson, district attorney for Alabama’s 4th Judicial Circuit, said he is aware of multiple recent cases in which sheriffs released inmates on bond without first obtaining a judge’s approval. Jackson said he also worries about the risk of inmates reoffending after they receive medical treatment. “I’m not saying there should be no situation where an inmate can get released early, but it shouldn’t be about money,” Jackson said in a phone interview this month. “No one’s watching them when they get out, and people might get robbed or their houses might get broken into.” While judges usually sign off on bonds, lawyers who represent inmates and other experts say sheriffs are often the key decision-makers and can be held legally responsible for what happens after they release inmates via such methods. If an inmate is already sick or injured when he or she is released, sheriffs are “not going to be able to avoid the liability just by opening the trap door and letting them go,” said Henry Brewster, one of Tidwell’s attorneys. “They Have to Do Something” Shortly after Tidwell was locked up for a probation violation in 2013, his sister Michelle Alford, a nurse at a Mobile hospital, said she brought his diabetes medications to the Washington County Jail and gave them to the guard on duty. She says she explained to the staff that her brother is a “brittle” diabetic, meaning he needs frequent monitoring. She provided the jail with a two-page document that explained how often his blood sugar needed to be checked, what symptoms to watch for and the purpose of each medication. The jail’s employees, none of whom had any formal medical training, did not follow those instructions, according to Tidwell’s jailhouse medical records, a copy of which Alford provided to AL.com and ProPublica. On his fourth day in the aging jailhouse, Tidwell became ill and vomited off and on for the ensuing 48 hours. He was unconscious for most of his final two days there, according to court and medical records. Before he was taken to Washington County Hospital, Tidwell’s blood sugar reading was 1,500 mg/dl; a normal reading for him is 80 to 100 mg/dl. Over the less than seven full days he was incarcerated, he had lost at least 17 pounds, records show. Tidwell’s release form bears his signature scrawled incomprehensibly outside the signature box, overlapping the typed prompt for “Signature of Defendant.” It does not match other examples of his signature on court documents reviewed by AL.com and ProPublica. “If you’re in there and you get sick, they have to do something and get some medical attention,” he said. “But if you’re in so bad of shape that they’re trying to hold you up and get you to sign something, that’s wrong.” Tidwell, who was 42 at the time, was assessed at the local hospital and taken to Springhill, a larger and better-equipped hospital, where he lay in a coma in the intensive care unit. He was suffering from renal failure and other complications related to his diabetes, according to the records. During a conversation in his office in downtown Chatom, Stringer, the Washington County sheriff, said that he and his jail staffers are not medically trained. Instead, they “listen to what [inmates are] complaining about and examine them to determine if they need medical bond, because people will do anything to get out of jail.” If they decide an inmate has a serious and potentially costly medical issue — and doesn’t pose a threat to the public — Stringer said he or the jail’s administrator will call a judge and request that the inmate be released. Asked last week whether he believes Tidwell was legally able to provide consent to being bonded out, Stringer said: “They’ve got to be physically able to sign the bond. I’m sure he was [conscious] or he wouldn’t have been able to be bonded out. … It’s been so long ago it’s hard to remember all these things. I’m sure we did what needed to be done.” But in an earlier interview, the sheriff provided an alternate explanation for Tidwell’s hospitalization. “When someone comes in and says he’s a diabetic, we try to prepare a meal that will accommodate his diabetes,” Stringer said. “But now on commissary, they’re on their own there. I mean, you know you’re diabetic. Don’t order — he actually ordered 12 honey buns.” Tidwell, who denies eating a dozen honey buns in the jail, recovered and was sent home from the hospital. He filed a lawsuit against Stringer and several sheriff’s office employees in 2014; it was settled the following year. Stringer said he believes he and his employees would have been exonerated had the suit gone to trial, but because he said the settlement was for “something like $20,000 … it’s not worth fighting it.” But Tidwell’s problems didn’t end there. Exactly three months after Tidwell was released on bond, a judge issued a bench warrant for his arrest on another probation violation. “They’ll Lower the Bond” AL.com and ProPublica have reviewed the cases or media reports of inmates in 15 of Alabama’s 67 counties who were issued last-minute bonds or released on their own recognizance just before they were hospitalized for emergencies. In September 2018, for instance, a 38-year-old inmate at the Lauderdale County Jail was taken to a nearby hospital after he suffered a stroke that left him partially paralyzed and unable to communicate verbally, stand or perform daily tasks, state court records show. The inmate, Scottie Davis, was released from sheriff’s office custody on bond the following day, though he couldn’t sign the release document. Someone instead wrote the words “Unable to sign due to medical cond.” in the space for the inmate’s signature. Davis was responsible for the medical costs after he was bonded out. Lauderdale County Sheriff Rick Singleton said when inmates are too ill to sign their names, sheriff’s officials notify a judge who decides whether to allow them to be released on bond. And earlier last year, in Randolph County, an inmate was released on a medical bond before going to the hospital for surgery, according to The Randolph Leader, a local newspaper. When he wasn’t able to immediately get the procedure, he was rearrested on a new misdemeanor charge and booked back into the Randolph County Jail. The county ended up on the hook for the over $10,000 the procedure was expected to cost. Some county officials view the turn of events as an unfortunate financial setback. Randolph County Commissioner Lathonia Wright said in a phone interview this month that paying inmates’ hospital bills is “really rough” on the county’s budget, but it sometimes can’t be avoided. “I hate that we have to pay for it out of taxpayer money, but the law demands that we take care of people that are incarcerated in the jail,” he said. “If we get a bill, we pay for our medical bills. They come straight from the hospital.” In urban counties with larger populations, the majority of inmates’ medical problems are dealt with in the jails, usually by private companies that provide infirmaries, round-the-clock nurses and doctors who make regular visits. But in some rural counties, sheriffs do not have any staff members with medical training or the budget to absorb significant hospital costs. Jim Underwood, who was sheriff of Walker County from 2015 until January, said the county budgeted about $350,000 per year for jail health care while he was in office. The sheriff’s office did everything it could to keep costs down, Underwood said, adding that before he was sheriff, one inmate’s medical care cost about $300,000. “I think that a lot of it does depend on what they’re charged with … but there are people released because of medical bills,” he said. “You have to go through the judge; they’ll lower the bond.” Underwood said he believes the practice “happens everywhere” in Alabama, though it takes different forms in different counties. One sheriff’s office has paid for inmates to wear ankle monitors while out on bond for unexpected medical care; another waited for an inmate’s relatives to secure a private bond before allowing him to be taken to a hospital, records show. Sheriff’s officials in Washington County, where Tidwell was in custody, have faced other lawsuits alleging improper use of medical bonds, including in the case of a woman who died of a stroke one day after being released from the county’s jail in 2016. In that case, which was settled this year, an audio recording captured a top sheriff’s office official asking jail staff to ensure the woman was released on a medical furlough, a method of release similar to a medical bond, before taking her to the hospital. Nora Demleitner, a law professor at Washington and Lee University in Virginia who specializes in criminal sentencing, said medical bonds may violate inmates’ rights and the way some sheriffs use them is “totally flawed.” “It’s a stunning problem,” she said. “When [inmates] file lawsuits, and rightly so, they should get civil compensation.” Demleitner added via email that the phenomenon is prevalent in a number of counties and entirely absent in others. AL.com and ProPublica have reviewed media reports of sheriffs pursuing medical bonds for inmates with medical crises in 25 states. Alan Lasseter, a Birmingham-based attorney who has filed lawsuits over alleged police misconduct and jail health care issues, said sheriffs’ reliance on medical bonds appears to be on the rise. “It’s only something I’ve been hearing about for about two years, maybe longer, but it’s becoming more common and it’s really starting to resonate with me that it’s been happening more and more in Alabama,” Lasseter said. “They Are Responsible” Marcus Echols said his daughter was 9 years old when he first learned that she was his child. Until then, the girl’s mother had been collecting child support from another man who was eventually determined not to be her father, according to court records and Echols. In 1998, a judge in Morgan County ordered Echols to pay more than $9,000 worth of back child support and interest in monthly payments of $500. Over the ensuing years, Echols, who pays support on other children and has had trouble keeping a job, repeatedly failed to make the required payments. By November 2015, when he was arrested for contempt of court for failure to make child support payments, his debt totaled more than $50,000. He was booked into the Morgan County Jail in Decatur, a city in north Alabama. Two months later, on Jan. 16, 2016, Echols suffered a heart attack inside his painted cinder-block cell. For over half an hour, guards argued over whether he needed to be taken to the hospital, Echols, now 49, said. They eventually took him to Huntsville Hospital. Several hours later, Echols said, he awoke from a procedure and was told by a doctor that he had needed three stents inserted because his heart had suffered extensive damage over the extended period of time between when he went into cardiac arrest and his arrival at the hospital. Medical records reviewed by AL.com and ProPublica confirm Echols’ account of his condition and treatment. The doctor also informed him that he had been officially released from Morgan County Sheriff’s Office custody, Echols said. Echols said he was glad to find out that he would be allowed to go home instead of back to jail, but when he received a bill less than two weeks later from Huntsville Hospital for the costs of his medical care, he learned that he was personally responsible for more than $80,000. “I didn’t get the bill until about a week after I got out of the hospital,” Echols said. “It just showed up in the mail.” Echols said he never learned what mechanism the sheriff’s office had used to release him from its custody, and none of the court records associated with his lawsuit provide any clarity. “I didn’t sign nothing. … When I woke up,” he said, “the doctor told me that the sheriff’s office had told him to tell me that I had been released from jail.” A local charitable foundation ultimately paid Echols’ bills. But he still feels that he was taken advantage of. “It seems like a scam that they’re running. They’re running the jail at the lowest possible cost at the expense of everyone else.” Ana Franklin, who was sheriff at the time of Echols’ incarceration and hospitalization, declined to comment on Echols’ experience. But she said her “first consideration in whether or not to release someone on a medical release was never the budget.” She said the primary factors that drove such determinations when she was sheriff included criminal history, risk of reoffense and whether the jail was equipped to provide adequate medical care. “It’s great to just say the sheriffs cut them loose because it saves them money on their medical,” said Franklin, who pleaded guilty last year to a federal charge of failing to file an income tax return. “But it’s just as big a liability issue that an inmate is going to say that we didn’t provide adequate treatment for them in the jail as it is that he’s going to sue us and say we cut him loose and they had to pay their medical bills.” In March 2016, just a few weeks after Echols’ heart attack, the sheriff’s office attempted to obtain a new warrant to arrest him for contempt of court for his continued failure to pay the thousands of dollars worth of back child support he still owed. Morgan County District Judge Charles B. Langham issued an order stating that Echols “is still under medical care” — he was attending cardiac rehab sessions at the time — and denied the sheriff’s office’s request. A year later, Langham issued an order for a new warrant for Echols’ arrest. At the time, Echols was unable to work, had applied for federal disability and was living with relatives. Echols’ sister, Lashundra Craig, said she takes issue with the sheriff’s office’s persistent attempts to arrest her brother despite his continuing health issues. “They are responsible for whatever happens to the inmates. … If they don’t want to be responsible for the medical costs but they want to put you back in jail to face your responsibility, to me it’s showing they just still want their money,” she said. “They Said They Would Release Me” It has historically been difficult for inmates to prevail in lawsuits alleging that sheriffs violated their rights by releasing them while they required medical attention. On July 3, 1996, four inmates beat Leroy Owens with a metal pipe; stabbed him with a screwdriver; kicked, stomped and punched him; and left him in a pool of blood in a common room on the second floor of the Butler County Jail in Alabama’s Black Belt. Owens described the events of that evening in a recent interview, and they are laid out in detail in the records of the federal court case he and a fellow inmate who was also beaten would later file against then-sheriff Diane Harris, the county and the county commission in Alabama’s Middle District in Montgomery. For nearly an hour, no one answered Owens’ cries for help or those of other inmates who banged on the jail’s walls, one of whom yelled, “They’re killing him up here,” according to the court records. Finally, Harris’ chief deputy, Phillip Hartley, was called to the jail. Twenty minutes after the attack ended, Owens was taken downstairs and then driven to a nearby hospital, where he was treated for his injuries. The hospital released Owens into the custody of two sheriff’s deputies, who were given a discharge document detailing “specific procedures to care for Owens’s head wounds and other injuries. It instructed them to monitor his level of consciousness, pupils, vision, and coordination, and to call the hospital immediately if any change occurred,” according to a summary of Owens’ allegations included in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit’s ruling on the appeal of his federal case. Instead, after they arrived at the jail, Hartley insisted that the bloodied inmate sign a bond granting his release, according to Owens and the court records. “I signed out of the jail. All I know is it was a piece of paper I signed. I was bleeding and I was coming in and out of consciousness,” Owens, who is now 56, said last month. “They said they would release me if I signed it.” After Owens signed the bond, Hartley drove him almost to the county line and dropped him off at about 3:30 a.m. on July 4, 1996, on the side of a desolate stretch of highway, without shoes, according to Owens and the court records. “When he released me from the jail, he took me to the edge of the county and he said, ‘Your best bet is to leave town,’” Owens recalled. After spending the night in a hotel, Owens awoke “in terrible pain” and was taken by ambulance back to the emergency room, according to the court records. He returned to the hospital again on July 8 for further treatment, the court records show. Medicaid ultimately paid the hospital bills Owens incurred after he was bonded out from the jail. Danny Bond, the current sheriff of Butler County, did not respond to repeated requests for comment. In 2001, the 11th Circuit reinstated Owens’ case against the county, the sheriff and others after a lower court had dismissed it. The court ruled that though Owens and the other inmate did not prove that Harris or the county were deliberately indifferent to their medical needs, they “sufficiently stated a claim against the County and the Sheriff for the conditions at the Butler County Jail.” The court, however, also found that Harris was “entitled to immunity for her policy of releasing sick and injured inmates.” Judge Rosemary Barkett, writing for a four-judge minority, disagreed, saying that the allegations of deliberate indifference against Harris should not be dismissed. Barkett wrote that Harris and her staff should have known that releasing Owens and leaving him on the side of the road after 3 a.m. could be a constitutional violation. Harris and the county denied wrongdoing; Owens and the other inmate plaintiff ultimately settled the suit. Meanwhile, legal experts who reviewed relevant portions of Alabama’s state code said they were able to find only two vague references to the issue: a statement that certain fees shall not be assessed “if a person is released on judicial public bail or on personal recognizance for a documented medical reason” and a stipulation that “the sheriff or jailer, at the expense of the county,” must provide “necessary medicines and medical attention to those who are sick and injured, when they are unable to provide them for themselves.” Despite that, some lawyers and experts say inmates often have a hard time winning cases against sheriffs on those grounds. “If a county sheriff threw someone out of the jail who’s unconscious and said ‘good luck,’ you could possibly make a civil rights violation or negligence claim,” said Paul Saputo, a Dallas-based criminal defense attorney who has represented multiple clients who have been bonded out of jail for medical reasons. “If you have a heart attack and are taken to a hospital, and the question at the end of the day is who’s gonna pay for it, that’s a little bit closer of a call.” “They’re Technically Still in Custody” Lauderdale County, in Alabama’s northwest corner, has taken official action to expand the use of medical bonds. During its April 25, 2017, meeting, the Lauderdale County Commission agreed to enter into a contract with a Tennessee company to provide ankle monitors and monitoring services for inmates who are permitted to leave the county’s jail to obtain expensive medical treatments. Lauderdale County District Attorney Chris Connolly explained the concept during a discussion of the ankle monitor plan earlier that month, as Florence’s Times Daily newspaper reported at the time. “Putting them on an ankle monitor and then releasing them on medical furlough or a recognizance bond would still allow us to have control of them, but also it would make them responsible for any medical treatment or expense,” Connolly said. The new approach to reducing the jail’s medical costs has been used 12 to 15 times since the contract was signed, Singleton, the Lauderdale County sheriff, said in a telephone interview last month. “I guess you’d consider it like house arrest,” he said. “They’re technically still in custody” and must immediately return to the jail once they are deemed healthy enough to do so. But instead of adding to the $500,000 of medical care the jail averaged annually as of 2017, the inmates must pay the bill. That means the program has been a success, according to Singleton. “It’s accomplished what we wanted to accomplish,” he said. “It’s saved us some money.” Singleton also emphasized that the program does not affect public safety because ankle monitors are only used in cases involving nonviolent inmates who are not considered threats to the community. Lauderdale County District Judge Carole Medley, who rules on small-time criminal cases nearly every day in her courtroom, said she often grants bonds so inmates can obtain medical care, which they must then pay for themselves. She said that she is “very pro-ankle monitor,” and that she considers the program “a win-win” for inmates and for the jail and the county’s finances. “I release people on [own recognizance] bonds every other week for medical issues. Do I take into consideration the charge? Of course. And there are times where we release them on an ankle monitor to get their medical needs addressed, and then some of them do return to jail.” Critics of the practice say it raises important questions about the very purpose of incarceration. For instance, if sheriffs and other officials claim that these inmates must be jailed to prevent them from harming others, punish them for wrongdoing and deter would-be criminals, why are those officials so quick to abandon those goals in order to avoid paying their medical bills? Jasmine Heiss, a campaign director at the Vera Institute of Justice in New York, said if such inmates can in fact be safely released when doing so saves tax dollars, perhaps they shouldn’t have been incarcerated in the first place. “Broadly, what we would like to see is people who can be safely released on their own recognizance being released earlier in the process rather than waiting until people have these severe medical crises,” Heiss said.

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The Basic plan: FAQ Shopify Discount Graphql … perfect for those who are just starting out and have not developed a solid sales track record. Basic gives you most of the features you’ll get in the higher-tier strategies at a price that’s substantially more affordable for those on a budget plan. The popular mid-tier plan–” “– expenses , 65 each month (if billed annually). The 2 key benefits of choosing the plan over the Fundamental strategy are lower credit card processing charges and more personnel accounts. You can have up to 5 staff accounts for this strategy, which is helpful for larger shops that need more support from including and handling a more intricate item stock. Charge card processing fees are slightly lower than on the Fundamental plan with the plan; the 0.2% to 0.3% distinction may not matter for low-sales-volume stores, but it might include up to significant cost savings for high-volume merchants. The strategy has a couple of more benefits, including built-in e-commerce automations that streamline workflows and more considerable shipping discount rates. At , 344 monthly (if billed each year), the Advanced plan is best for those who have currently developed a clients for their online services. The Advanced plan comes with approximately 15 personnel accounts and ‘s least expensive credit card processing charges. A handful of other sophisticated features come with this plan, such as sophisticated reports that provide you greater visibility into shop efficiency, e-commerce workflow automations and the best shipping discount rates offered through . For those included with worldwide commerce, the Advanced strategy likewise includes responsibilities and import tax price quotes at checkout, which can help in offering greater clearness relating to costs and returns for affected customers. How much is Shopify per month UK? If you ever grow out of the Advanced plan, also offers a Plus prepare for high-volume stores. Plus plans are custom-priced, however start at , 1,580 ($ 2,000) a month. is built for e-commerce. The platform includes popular functions that a lot of online businesses need to offer online and manage their e-commerce stores. Sell physical and digital products The platform supports sales for both physical and digital items; purchasers can download digital products straight from a website right away after purchase Endless products List as lots of products as you want Unlimited bandwidth and storage doesn’t limit website traffic or file/image storage analytics Access key online store efficiency metrics through your Dashboard; the , 58 strategy likewise offers standard reports, while the , 219 plan uses innovative reports Track and handle inventory Set up inventory tracking and monitor item counts 24/7 client support uses support by means of phone, e-mail, live chat, social media, a neighborhood online forum and an extensive online Aid Centre Accept repeating payments for subscriptions You can sell subscriptions on your site and accept recurring payments via Payments, PayPal Express or Authorize.net Mobile apps provides apps for iOS and Android that permit you to handle your store from anywhere Browse Engine Optimization (SEO) strategies consist of built-in tools to assist you optimise your website for search Blogging Add a blog to your online store to boost SEO and extend consumer engagement. If you do not discover the features you’re trying to find within the platform, you will likely find the performance you require through one of over 6,000 apps that integrate with . An Extensive Take A Look At Functions is a feature-rich platform with a strong track record as a trusted e-commerce site builder. The platform was established particularly for those who don’t have extensive technical abilities or site advancement experience. Before choosing whether is the ideal option for your organization, it pays to take a closer take a look at ‘s core features. Online Store Editor ‘s store editor is relatively easy to utilize, however your experience setting up a shop on might vary depending on your skill level and experience. If you’re not accustomed to a drag-and-drop editor or have actually never used a site contractor, you might experience a modest learning curve. Those with more site experience generally report that ‘s editor is instinctive and easy to browse. The theme you select will figure out the fundamental look of and works offered on your site; extra functionality can be gotten through third-party apps. Pick from over 100 themes readily available straight through , around 20% of which are complimentary. Paid themes expense in between , 142 ($ 180) and , 4284 ($ 360) and can be used for a single shop. Can I actually make money from Shopify in 2024? The drag-and-drop editor lets you move sections or blocks of your website around quickly to produce the store layout you desire. The editor enables you to personalize your website’s feel and look while guaranteeing you retain the design stability that produces a professional-looking online shop. Preview your website’s appearance from a mobile or desktop view before settling your website design. ‘s mobile-friendly themes assist guarantee that your online shop is optimised for every device your clients utilize. You can alter your style at any time. However, if you’ve made a lot of customisations to your current theme, transferring to a various theme can be complicated as style settings and website functions vary considerably from theme to theme. If you have a vision for your website and are having difficulty executing it, you might wish to deal with a shop advancement specialist. You can work with a developer you work with straight or go to the Professional Market to discover and employ a qualified expert. Fees vary by specialist but expect to pay between , 39 ($ 50) and , 118 ($ 150) if you outsource directly through the Professional Market and possibly less if working with through a third-party freelancing site such as Upwork or Fiverr. just recently presented a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool for its consumers called Magic. This exclusive AI tool assists you generate product descriptions for your online store. Just provide a few details about your item, and Magic can generate engaging descriptions for you. Similar to all AI tools, Magic’s ideas might not be 100% on target, but they can still reduce the time it takes you to develop engaging product descriptions for your website. has actually been in the e-commerce business given that 2006, which implies it has almost 2 years of experience developing extremely successful checkout carts for online companies. Essential cart functions are not editable, but some functions can be personalized. Navigate to the checkout settings page on your dashboard to customise the design of your checkout cart for your store. Using the Checkout editor, you can include your logo and modify your checkout cart with your brand name colours and font styles. You can also edit some checkout type fields or designate some as needed or optional. There are 27 checkout apps offered via the App Store that you might wish to check out to add extra performance to your store’s checkout process. These checkout apps consist of apps for adding upsell and cross-sell suggestions, loyalty and reward programs, age confirmation, shipping insurance coverage, post-purchase studies and more. Organizing delivery for goods can be a hassle for many new online businesses, however offers several options that make your life much easier. When you set up your shop, you’ll manage shipping settings through the Shipping and Delivery page on your shop’s admin dashboard. For physical products, there are 3 ways to get items to your customers: shipping, regional pickup and regional shipment. Enable all the methods that refer to your organization. When shipping products to your clients, you can decide for flat-rate, totally free or carrier-calculated shipping. With computed shipping, you pass along the specific shipping cost to your customers, however those computations need that you offer accurate weights and measurements for your products when packaged for shipping. You can also integrate your site with a dropshipping company to manage fulfilment and shipping. Order management and fulfilment Once a customer finishes their purchase, you’ll require an effective order management and fulfilment system to guarantee that the correct products are chosen, packed, identified and shipped properly. ‘s order management tools help enhance the entire procedure. makes it easy to see all your orders along with their order status. From your dashboard, you can navigate to the Orders tab to see all orders from all sales channels in one location. Open orders are tagged for simple identification. You can update each order with tags or notes to track important information such as order irregularities, payment status, return status, risk level or consumer questions status. Enhance your fulfilment procedure by organising orders based upon shipping requirements such as delivery destination, shipping technique and fulfilment status. stores client contact info in each order so you can connect to consumers ought to you require to ask a question or desire to send a push notification informing consumers of order shipment status. shop does unless you’re discussing a giant like Walmart or something like that and again this is typically true but on the other side there’s practically an online store for everything currently and with all the saturation it can be truly difficult to get seen so you really truly require to be able to stand out somehow to stand out you must have a strong and I ‘d state unique method to marketing and branding you’ll likewise require to establish shipping which you would not normally require to do with a brick and mortar shop and you’ll also require to manage your stock a little better than a brick and Mor Shop and naturally I believe it ought to go without saying but I’ll say it anyways you require to develop an appealing smooth and fully functional website working these things out is initially quite complicated and very time consuming specifically for beginners but fortunately there are websites out there like that can do practically all of this for you which can make the process of offering online a lot easier so I chose to attempt them out in addition to a couple other e-commerce sites on my journey to see how well they carried out and what they used and if any of them deserved it or not so in this video I’ll talk about the features of how much it cost their pluses and areas where I think they could improve in order to give you a better image of what is all about I’ll likewise speak about why I think has blown up in appeal in the past couple of years and by the end of this video you should have a better image of why may or might not be the best platform for your organization oh and I ought to include that I’m not sponsored by them in any way my objective is to be 100% sincere about my experience with them no predisposition or anything like that just raw facts and experience and one last thing if you do want to have a look at I did find an unique link that I left down in the description that’ll get you a special offer that you would not have the ability to get if you go directly to their site so let’s get a little bit into how works it’s basically a massive e-commerce platform that also offers you a bunch of tools and add-ons that assist with the procedure of running an e-commerce service they have things like a site contractor in Stock management software the ability to accept payments as well as marketing tools and analytics and they can even help you establish shipping and determine your taxes for you however what a lot of people also don’t tend to understand about is that it likewise imitates Google apps or the iOS store and allows you to incorporate any variety of tools you may require to run your shop to assist allow things like dropshipping and a great deal of other features instantly it’s just an included bonus that it’s all centralized in one location and that they provide you all these tools to make the process a lot easier it’s also usually a lot cheaper and easier than paying for a physical shop you can build your own site established your items and Link it to your business’s social networks accounts all from now registering for is prettyy simple you fill out your details go through a quick verification procedure spend for the strategy you want and you’re good to start setting up your shop and you can in theory start selling that very same day although I absolutely say that you should most likely invest some time establishing your website before you send it out to the masses particularly if you’re brand-new to this since it can make all the distinction in between a successful business and a total flop you’ll wish to concentrate on a sleek and professional look and on making sure that your stock and product pages are running smoothly which your shipping and payments are established so that individuals can really begin purchasing from your shop and like any system or platform it’s going to take time for you to find out but to help you they do use a heap of totally free resources in the kind of videos and other things and their helpline is open 24 47 in case you require someone to guide you through any issues and they do provide a 3-day complimentary trial which might be enough to play around with the platform a bit but it’s certainly insufficient to truly develop a streamlined and practical site anything like that however if you ‘d like to take a while to get to know the platform and find out what setting everything up resembles then it might work well for you alright now let’s dive into their plans and their pricing so has three popular strategies to pick from where you can build your own website log and set up your inventory and product pages to assist you manage the whole organization from one location now the very first strategy they have is the $40 a month basic strategy which includes their reporting and the reporting essentially helps provide you a breakdown of your store’s performance and allows you to list approximately a thousand stock areas which essentially implies that you can establish approximately a thousand various addresses If you ‘d rather not fulfil your own orders, you can sign up with ‘s Fulfilment Network, which manages product storage, shipping and returns for you. Websites that utilize the Network’s fulfilment services can post the unique Store Promise badge, which verifies items will be delivered in 5 days or less. offers a cost calculator for its Fulfilment Network so you can approximate your product storage and fulfilment costs. These expenses can vary significantly by product size, weight, shape, delivering destination and anticipated shipping volume. Dropshipping is an online design where a consumer places an order with you online while a separate provider handles all elements of item sourcing, fulfilment, shipping and, when required, manages consumer returns. You focus on marketing, promoting and accepting product payments while your dropshipping partner handles the operational details required to carry out those orders. makes it easy to introduce a dropshipping organization. The platform provides all the tools you need to set up and promote your company and integrates with lots of popular third-party dropshipping companies, consisting of Spocket, Zendrop, CJdropshipping, Dropshipman, Printful, DropCommerce and FashionGo Dropshipping. As an ambitious business owner venturing into the world of e-commerce, finding the ideal platform to start my online store was vital. Amidst a variety of options, stood apart as a beacon of guarantee, offering a comprehensive yet easy to use option for creating and handling an online organization. Intrigued by its offerings, I embarked on a journey with , beginning with the complimentary trial that would eventually lead the way for a transformative choice– upgrading to the annual plan. The Beginnings: Exploring the Free Trial Getting in the world of seemed like stepping into a vibrant market dynamic with capacity. The free trial offered a glance into the platform’s capabilities, enabling me to set up my store, customize its appearance, and add products with unparalleled ease. From user-friendly drag-and-drop tools to a varied selection of styles, every feature seemed meticulously developed to empower even the most amateur of users. During the trial duration, I explored the complexities of , exploring its robust inventory management system, flexible payment choices, and seamless integration with different third-party apps. The platform’s scalability emerged as I visualized my store’s development trajectory, with guaranteeing to develop alongside my organization goals. The Turning Point: Acknowledging the Worth As the trial duration drew to a close, a critical decision loomed on the horizon– whether to stick with the basic plan or take the leap towards a more considerable dedication. Assessing my experience with , the choice became clear. The platform had not just met but exceeded my expectations, offering exceptional assistance and resources vital for supporting my online venture. The choice to upgrade to the annual strategy was driven by a number of elements, chief among them being the substantial expense savings and included benefits that featured the dedication. By choosing the annual membership, I opened access to advanced functions, concern assistance, and marked down deal fees, laying a solid foundation for long-lasting success. The Benefits of Commitment Transitioning to the yearly plan marked a significant milestone in my journey, signifying a dedication to my entrepreneurial aspirations. Beyond the tangible advantages of cost-effectiveness and boosted features, the decision brought a much deeper significance– it symbolized belief in the capacity of my online store and a commitment to its growth and success. With the yearly plan in location, I acquired assurance understanding that my e-commerce venture was backed by a robust and dependable platform committed to driving success. From broadened marketing capabilities to extensive analytics, equipped me with the tools necessary to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of online retail with confidence and agility. Looking Ahead: A Vision for Development Shopify Discount Graphql As I start this brand-new chapter with , I do so with a sense of anticipation and optimism. The journey from the free trial to the annual plan has actually been absolutely nothing except transformative, affirming my belief in the power of dedication and dedication. Armed with a potent toolbox of tools and resources, I stand poised to unlock new heights of success and redefine the limits of what’s possible in the realm of e-commerce. In conclusion, my experience with ‘s free trial functioned as a springboard for growth, sparking an enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and innovation. The choice to update to the annual plan was a natural progression, driven by an acknowledgment of the platform’s value and a dedication to recognizing my online service objectives. As I chart a course towards the future, I do so with by my side, confident in its capability to support and empower my journey every step of the method. it starts to make sense to utilize a site that can assist you with every element in one place and as soon as you begin accumulating all the other expenses you’ll see why a lot of individuals select to utilize and why it’s become so popular in time there’s sort of a oneop stop buy all things related to building and maintaining an e-commerce site all right so let’s get into why i’ personally recommend or not as someone who has had a great deal of experience utilizing hostinger to construct my websites I was a little bit anxious about initially attempting out however the procedure of setting everything

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2024-04-17T22:55:39Z

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Long before Covid-19, supply chains had been under increasing pressure from customers demanding customized, personalized products and immediate, inexpensive delivery. But most supply chains—built to deliver dependable supply at the lowest cost—weren’t up to those tasks. Many were stretched tautly across the globe even as rising trade tensions, market shocks, disruptive technologies, and the increasingly severe effects of climate change exposed them as brittle and opaque. The pandemic, which ruptured so many of those chains, was merely a final blow. To executives, it already was clear that resilience—that is, a supply chain’s ability to heal, reroute or substitute inputs—had become as important as reliability and efficiency. To make resilience a reality, however, executives need visibility into how materials and goods enter and move through the chain. They must be able to see what is happening everywhere in their supply chain and trace any item within it—from field to factory to customer and beyond. Today, the technology exists to turn that need into an operational reality. Visibility and traceability also can help companies meet stakeholders’ growing demands for sustainable supply chains by making sure that sourcing raw materials, converting them into products and delivering them to market does no environmental, social or economic damage. Both resilience and sustainability are priorities that executives can’t ignore. The pandemic highlighted the obvious dangers to any business with a supply chain that cannot operate in a crisis. But resilience also comes with huge benefits for companies that are able to continue serving their customers and to meet their increasingly changeable demands. Similarly, companies that lack sustainability can find their products penalized by regulators and scorned by customers, while companies that can point to sustainable practices and products are rewarded. Balancing supply chain priorities Of course, reliability and efficiency remain important priorities. But our recent survey of supply chain executives, conducted in collaboration with the World Economic Forum, shows that a new balance of priorities is emerging across industries: Both resilience and sustainability grew in importance, with sustainability boasting the highest percentage growth across industries over the past three years (see Figure 1). The prioritization of resilience, sustainability and traditional supply chain priorities has become more balanced in recent years For years, supply chain executives tended to assume that resilience or sustainability require trade-offs on cost or dependability. And this is sometimes true. For example, a company that aims to increase resilience and reduce dependence on a single supplier by maintaining dual or multiple suppliers might need to pay a higher cost per unit. But trade-offs are not a given, and often these priorities are complementary. Here, again, visibility and transparency play a key role, providing insights that can help executives make the best long- and short-term decisions. To do so, they need the right information at their fingertips from as far up and down the value chain as possible. For example, buying certified and sustainable inputs might be more expensive than noncertified ones, but companies often deliver premium economics through increased volume, market share gains and better pricing. Although many companies have been forced to seek greater visibility into their supply chains to increase resilience, those investments now can also reveal near-term opportunities to increase efficiency, reliability and sustainability. Across sectors, the companies that have the best visibility and traceability will have the most competitive supply chains (see Figure 2). Visibility and traceability are at the heart of the supply chain of the future To achieve this, companies are adopting so-called “control towers,” with an ultimate goal of creating resilient, self-healing supply chains and seamless collaboration among the players along the chain. Technical sophistication ranges widely today: - Some control towers provide real-time data across the full supply chain and can predict suboptimal events or disruptions. - Many focus on limited portions of the supply chain, with batched data and less ability to predict. - None yet have the deep transparency that industry-wide data standards and sharing would make possible. But we predict that day is not far off. With the right data, control towers can provide much of the information needed to understand what’s happening within the supply chain—across supplier tiers, during the conversion process and all the way into the customers’ hands. Managing the operations and economics of supply chains with the same tool used to manage sustainability, which was often not the direct responsibility of supply chain organizations in the past, also makes sustainability an integral part of overall supply chain decision making—both at the input level and during the conversion processes (see Figure 3). Traceability allows organizations to embed sustainability directly into the supply chain decision-making process The increasing push for circular supply chains that recapture and reuse raw materials at the end of a product’s life cycle depends heavily on traceability. Tracing materials throughout the product life cycle is a prerequisite for feeding them back into the conversion process for reuse, recycling or remanufacturing. Each cycle reduces the consumption of raw input materials, and these circular supply chains are not limited to a single company’s value chain. Often, materials are recycled by third parties and later fed into another sector’s value chain as substitutes for virgin raw materials. To fully capture these opportunities, companies also need visibility into supply and demand. Among many encouraging examples is the way in which Dole, the California-based agricultural multinational, has begun to incorporate advanced traceability solutions into its supply chain. Logging products on blockchain allows Dole to increase the efficiency of recalls and food safety investigations, and tracing a product now only takes seconds instead of weeks. In the fashion world, LVMH announced the development, in partnership with ConsenSys and Microsoft, of AURA, a track-and-trace solution to prevent counterfeit products from entering the supply chain. Its vision is to share the product journey with consumers to instill trust in product authenticity and also to use the visibility into point-of-sale data to help better anticipate demand and prevent overproduction. Cases such as these illustrate how supply chain traceability and visibility allow companies to deliver on their productivity, reliability, resilience and sustainability goals. As part of the World Economic Forum’s Accelerating Digital Traceability for Sustainable Production initiative, Bain gathered insights through interviews and surveys with more than 150 supply chain executives. Across companies and industries, respondents consistently reported a push for greater traceability and more reliable end-to-end supply chain visibility. Although all industries need efficient, resilient, reliable and sustainable supply chains, the specific business cases for traceability and visibility solutions tend to be industry specific (see the industry interactive below). This creates an opportunity for companies in the same industry to work together to tackle sector-wide challenges and to define their own traceability standards, but it also makes it more difficult to enable cross-sector solutions. The first movers within these industries will have the opportunity to set sustainability standards. A path to achieving supply chain traceability and visibility This is an exciting time for supply chain evolution. The availability of data continues to increase exponentially, and large-scale adoption of technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain and 5G makes it easier to gather relevant data in real time. This continuous stream of innovation makes a new level of supply chain transparency and sector-wide collaboration possible. Still, fewer than 15% of executives feel as though their current capabilities allow them to deliver traceability consistently, according to the survey we conducted with the World Economic Forum. A majority of companies have started to build some capabilities, but in our survey, they gave their capabilities low marks for sophistication as they struggle to integrate them or realize business value. Unreliable or nonstandard data top their list of common barriers to traceability, with technical and organizational barriers close behind (see Figures 4 and 5). The journey toward traceable supply chains involves four key steps for companies. Today’s traceability efforts still lack sophistication Unreliable or nonstandard data is the leading barrier to achieving traceability Carefully define how visibility and traceability will provide value to your company. To produce the greatest benefits, companies should pursue visibility and traceability approaches that are closely tied to their business and customer strategy. Walmart, for example, reduced the time required to trace the provenance of mangoes sold in US stores by more than 99% by using IBM’s Hyperledger Fabric platform. Honeywell’s GoDirect Trade platform digitizes provenance and quality tracking, enabling users to reduce the total time required to resell aircraft components by 50%. Maersk’s TradeLens achieved a 40% reduction in transit time for shipments by digitizing the handshake process among shippers, regulators and recipients. Map out the data model, and begin collecting the necessary data across the supply chain. Start by asking the following questions: - Which data do we need? - Where is it captured? - How trustworthy is it? Despite vast amounts of siloed, partially structured data, companies often still find that the data they need doesn’t exist in internal systems—or it isn’t available at all. They must learn how to integrate external data sources, including logistics systems and suppliers’ enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions, and how to begin collecting critical data that isn’t available today. A good data model also clearly describes the relationship between data elements, and it ensures that the right business events and information will be captured to support business analysis. Assemble a next-generation technology stack to facilitate data collection, analysis and sharing. Most companies lack a platform specifically designed to provide visibility and traceability across the supply chain. Instead, they typically try to combine legacy ERP solutions with homegrown visualization and analysis. But these systems weren’t built for that purpose, and their ability to automate traceability and visibility with multiple ecosystem partners is limited. At the same time, making a big new technology investment in this rapidly evolving space carries risks of its own, with technology providers entering the supply chain market with solutions from many different angles. - Information led: Some solutions center on providing aggregated industry information, benchmarks and market intelligence to empower decision making. - Certification led: Other solutions provide environmental, social and governance ratings based on shared information. - Software led: Yet another set of solutions employ use cases and information sharing as enablers (for example, data analytics engines or cloud storage solutions), point solutions focused on one set of supply chain priorities, or end-to-end supply chain engines. - Service led: Consulting services provide strategic advice that builds on the insights delivered by software or data aggregation solutions. Adding to the complexity, companies face a mix of for-profit and not-for-profit players that offer a wide range of solutions focusing on everything from visibility to strategy. In the end, a compelling ecosystem will likely include elements from each of these various solution types. When evaluating the market, companies should consider how these new systems will fit into their current systems landscape. Some systems will primarily serve as sources for required data, while others will be the enablers for aggregation, analysis and sharing. Implement the appropriate data operating model both inside and outside the company. Full supply chain traceability and visibility depends on data sharing, but most companies have found that is hard—and not for technical reasons. Companies often find that the data they receive isn’t valuable or trustworthy or that sharing collapses because of privacy concerns or because there was no trusted party coordinating the effort (see Figure 6). Privacy concerns and untrustworthy data make companies reluctant to share their own data in exchange for access to aggregated industry data Effective data sharing starts inside each company by overcoming silos to create a single source of truth for relevant data. They need processes, systems and talent for data collection and cleansing, and they need analysis to turn data into insights that can fuel business decisions. Only then can they figure out the appropriate way to share the data with ecosystem partners. That, in turn, will present new questions about the level of data aggregation, the sharing frequency and life span of the data. Companies also need to consider who owns the shared data and the resulting analyses, and they need to figure out how to ensure strict privacy for the source data. Multistakeholder collaboration as accelerator No company can build visibility and traceability into its supply chain on its own. Instead, the effort requires collaboration among multiple stakeholders within a sector to set standards and fund platform-type investments, to focus resources and share costs, and to gain traction. If multiple players in a sector align on a common language, standards or data model, all will benefit from accelerated capability development, less decision complexity, easier benchmarking and collaboration. There is precedent for this sort of effort: The creation of generally accepted accounting principles allowed companies to report common financial metrics and gave investors and other stakeholders a way to reliably benchmark financial performance. Similarly, the automotive industry agreed more than 40 years ago to use an electronic data interchange as the standard for planning and delivery schedules to support lean manufacturing and just-in-time delivery. In recent years, several sectors have combined forces to accelerate traceability and visibility. For example: - IBM’s Food Trust, founded in 2017, addresses the need for smarter, safer and more sustainable food supply systems by connecting an ecosystem of producers, suppliers, manufacturers, retailers and other stakeholders. The blockchain-powered solution helps ecosystem participants eliminate supply chain bottlenecks, enhance their reputation for quality, ensure safety and regulatory compliance, and build a sustainable supply chain with less waste and spoilage. - The MediLedger Project, launched in 2017, brings together pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers in a working group to explore the potential of blockchain to meet the Drug Supply Chain Security Act requirements for a track-and-trace system for US drugs. The project became the MediLedger Network, a fully decentralized network that aims to inspire industry players to develop multiple solutions based on current business issues. The key questions to address Despite the challenges of building such networks, many industry leaders agree that in the future, companies will share data across a supply chain as well as their sector and that they will work together to improve the supporting technology and analytical engines to ensure efficient, reliable, resilient and sustainable supply chains. If that is the future, how do we get there? Our view is that industry leaders (moving ahead of regulators) will likely push the initial development of the platforms and set the standards, after which they’ll be joined by other industry players who see the value. In order to gain industry-wide traction, industry leaders need to run pilots that set a standard for multistakeholder collaboration among suppliers, customers, tech providers and other players. Lessons learned from these pilots will form a foundation on which to build future versions of the platform and help define how to scale it across the industry. In the past, efforts to define the full initiative up front and then roll it out on day one foundered; this approach may look fantastic on paper, but it doesn’t work in reality. The cost of aligning too many stakeholders gets in the way of solving an already complex, multidimensional problem. An Agile approach that starts small and gains traction with compelling business results is more likely to lead to alignment around standards and certifications that can then be scaled up across use cases and participants. Below, we look at the key questions industry leaders need to answer in order to develop visibility and traceability platforms and practices (see Figure 7). An industry-wide visibility and traceability solution requires four key ingredients How do we create an environment that fosters sharing? Companies will need to work with partner organizations and even their competitors to achieve true visibility and traceability across supply chains. Because reluctance to share supply chain data with competitors remains very high—only 6% of executives who responded to the World Economic Forum/Bain survey feel comfortable with this today—these efforts also are likely to require the involvement of trusted neutral entities, such as industry associations, to truly achieve sector-wide adoption. Two-thirds of executives told us that they are comfortable sharing operational data with industry associations (see Figure 8). Few executives are willing to share data with competitors, but most are willing to share with industry associations Sharing is not limited to data. Not-for-profit organizations, including industry associations, are critical to encourage the sharing of experience and best practices. These organizations can rally stakeholders together and ensure that industry standards and exchange mechanisms serve all industry players. For example, GS1, a not-for-profit organization, helps everyone involved in making, moving and trading goods to automate and standardize their supply chain processes, using the common language of GS1 global standards. GS1’s standard library includes the GTIN (global trade item number) standard, which provides different globally recognized ways to add an identifier such as a barcode to a product. Fostering sharing requires a common language as a foundation; it also requires a strong operating model that clarifies sharing mechanisms. That model needs to be flexible enough to scale from a pilot setting to a sector-wide solution, and it is essential to ensure fair representation of multiple stakeholders in decision making as well as to clarify how to cover the ongoing costs of operating and scaling the solution. Additionally, it’s important that all participants receive attractive incentives—the strongest incentives will be those that directly lead to improved sustainability, efficiency, resilience or reliability of participants’ supply chains. How do we bring the digital platform to life? Multistakeholder collaboration across an industry will depend on a digital platform that offers safe data and best practice sharing. Given the rapid pace of innovation in the supply chain visibility and traceability solutions market, it’s likely that a technology company will need to shoulder the ongoing hosting and development of the platform and then commercialize the solution after the value has proved robust in pilots. The digital platform should be able to sit on top of existing company-specific supply chain and analytics solutions and integrate with them as needed, allowing users to visualize key information and to enable decision support. How do we create trust and confidence in certification? Certifications play a key role in building trust between companies and consumers and among companies within a supply chain. Working with the digital platform, certification providers can certify the inputs and processes of each platform participant, certify the digital platform itself, or certify the analytical results that it produces. Certifications that can be used for communications and marketing offer additional incentives for companies to participate. This is no doubt easier said than done; certifications have existed for decades and continue to struggle not just with acquiring accurate data but also with producing real change on the ground. But improving one will help improve the other—that is, if traceability solution providers collaborate with certification providers. How do we mobilize and create value? Creating end-to-end supply chain visibility and traceability through a multistakeholder collaboration is a challenging task and requires significant investment from every participant. To avoid getting lost in the details or spread too thinly, we believe that every company involved needs to develop a toolkit to guide their in-house and collaborative visibility and traceability efforts. The toolkit should include a playbook for how to build the required capabilities in terms of people, systems and processes; guidance around how to benchmark performance, progress and development against sector; and clear roles and responsibilities for deriving business value and sustainability from the newly available insights. Companies looking to get started should recognize that they no longer have to think of efficiency, reliability, resilience and sustainability as inevitable trade-offs. As supply chains become more transparent and provide more data about each of these elements, an increasingly holistic view should allow executives to improve their design even further, resulting in fewer trade-offs and offering opportunities for these elements to complement, rather than conflict with, each other. Creating a new, balanced supply chain requires a two-track approach. Inside your company, you should accept the uncertainty that comes with innovation and approach the challenge both present-forward and future-back. That means pursuing two to three opportunities that solve key challenges for your organization today so that you can realize immediate value and learn from each opportunity. At the same time, think hard about the future. What would your ideal supply chain and supply chain capabilities look like 10 years from now? Adopt a clear future vision, and then work backward to determine which capabilities you will need to build to win. And outside your company, get engaged. Look for the organizations within your sector (and beyond) that are wrestling with these same issues and actively trying to solve them. This is not a business problem that can be solved by one company alone. The companies that take the lead in collaboration today will have the advantage. Those that sit on the sidelines will have to be content with whatever the industry ultimately adopts. But those that seize the opportunity now will set the standards, both within their industry and across sectors.

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