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Your Best Piston Filler Machine - High-quality Air Cylinder - Automatic Pneumatic Filling - Precision Pneumatic Components Allpack piston filler is mainly for filling liquids, semi-liquids, paste packing and filling in vial, bottle, jar, can, pail, barrel, drum, and other various shape container and is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, chemical industries, etc. This piston filler adopts the pneumatic components and its position is made of polyvinyl chloride and 304 stainless steel material. Its filling volume and filling speed can be adjusted. The filling valve adopts anti-drop, anti-down drawing, and filling equipment . The piston filler can be modified according to your requirements, and it can be redone, such as multi-heads, explosion-proof type, and overflow filling system. The machine works on the three-way principle to adjust the filling quantity that a cylinder drives a piston and a rolling valve to draw out and output the fluid, and then the magnetic switch controls the journey of the piston. LPF-50/250/500/1000/2000/5000 automatic pneumatic piston fillers are all types from the LPF series. It mainly applies pneumatic filling as the automatic filling system that it uses compressed air as power. So there is no need for electricity as power which can save your cost and offer you high efficiency. This pneumatic piston fillers consist of precision pneumatic components and a compact structure that can offer you long and safe operation. Designed with floor type, it is easy for you both to stand and sit operationally. Airtac Air Cylinder Automatic Filling System LPF-50T/250T/500T/1000T/2000T/5000T semi-automatic pneumatic piston fillers are all types from the LPF-T series. They are all semi-automatic and designed for filling products with any liquid. These semi-automatic pneumatic piston fillers are suitable for medicine, chemistry, lube, daily merchandise, etc. It mainly applies pneumatic filling as the automatic filling system that uses compressed air. So there is no need for electricity as power which can save your cost and offer you high efficiency. Automatic Filling System Suitable For All Kinds Of Liquids PPF-50/250/500/1000/2000/5000 semi-automatic pneumatic piston fillers are all types from the PPF series. They are all semi-automatic designed and for filling products with any kind of liquid with viscosity. With high filling precision, the filling quantity and speed can be adjusted to your needs. The contact part is all made of 304 stainless steel which is easy for you to clean and maintain. Part of the air cylinder is chosen with Airtac which ensures you good machine quality. You can set it to manual mode or automatic mode. When you are operating this pneumatic piston filler, you need to load the liquid materials manually. Good Machine Quality Manual Or Automatic Mode PPF-50T/250T/500T/1000T/2000T/5000T semi-automatic paste gas-filling piston fillers are all types from the PPF-T series. They are all semi-automatic designed and for filling products at any kind of ropy pitch from aquiform to viscosity. With the table design, you can adjust and operate this piston filler easily and simply. These semi-automatic paste gas-filling piston fillers are suitable for medicine, chemistry, lube, daily merchandise, etc. The filling nozzle is made of high-quality 304 stainless steel, which is food grade. High-quality Air Cylinder High-quality 304 Stainless Steel The Buyer's Guide Piston Filler: The Complete Buying Guide In 2024 Have you ever come across a piston filler? Do you know how a piston filler works? You are at the right place! A piston filler is an automated machine that can fill containers with liquids, pills, powders, or granular products quickly. This essential piece of equipment can make the packing process much faster and easier. In this blog post, we’ll explore the various types of piston fillers available on the market, their features, benefits, and applications, as well as what factors should be considered before investing in one. We hope that after reading this blog, you will have all the information necessary to make a decision about whether or not to invest in a piston filler. Let’s get started! 1. What Is A Piston Filler? A piston filler is a type of automated machinery used to fill liquids, pastes and other liquid into containers. This tool uses a piston or plunger to draw product from a hopper and dispense accurate amounts into each container as they pass through the machine on an assembly line. The piston filler is designed to handle a wide range of products, from thick sauces and gels to thin liquids such as juice and water. Piston fillers are also capable of handling food-grade ingredients without cross-contamination so they are suitable for the food industry. These piston fillers come in semi-automatic and fully automatic models, allowing you to choose the level of automation that best suits your needs. Also, some piston fillers feature an adjustable filling head which allows for quick and easy changeover between different product sizes 2. What Type Of Products Can Be Packaged Using A Piston Filler? Here are some of the products that can be packed using a piston filler. Piston fillers can also be used to package food items such as sauces, syrups, honey, and condiments. These machines are capable of filling small bottles or large jars with food items, and can also be used to package products with thicker consistencies. Piston fillers are commonly used to package pharmaceutical products including ointments, creams, and liquids. These products require precise dosage measurements; which piston fillers can deliver with great accuracy. Personal Care Products Piston filler s are also used for packaging a wide range of personal care items such as lotions, gels, shampoos and conditioners. These machines are ideal for quickly and accurately packaging personal care products in containers of various sizes. Piston fillers are commonly used for packaging cosmetics such as foundations, lipstick, and eye shadow. These machines are capable of accurately packaging a wide range of cosmetic items in various-sized containers. Piston fillers can also be used to package industrial products such as adhesives, sealants, and lubricants. These machines are highly accurate and can deliver precise measurements of these products in containers of various sizes. 3. What Are The Components Of A Piston Filler? The piston of the piston filler is a mechanical device that moves liquid or solid products into the containers to be filled. It works by using a piston to push the material through an outlet into the container. The cylinder serves as the chamber in which the piston operates. It is made of material such as aluminum or stainless steel and is sealed so that the product does not leak out. The product hopper is usually located at the top of the piston filler system and is where the product to be filled is placed. The hopper has a piston or auger that will move the material from the hopper into the piston chamber. A piston filler typically uses a valve to control the amount of product that flows through the piston into the container. The valves can be either manually or automatically operated. The container tray is the platform on which the piston filler places the containers for filling. The container tray is usually adjustable so that different sizes of containers can be accommodated by the piston filler system. In order to ensure that each container has a consistent amount of product, piston filler s can be equipped with nozzles. These nozzles direct and dispense the product into the container for a precise fill. Pressure Control System The pressure control system regulates the amount of pressure being applied to the piston, which determines how much liquid is pushed out of the piston filler at any given time. This allows for accurate and consistent filling of containers. The pneumatic system is responsible for controlling the pressure in the piston chamber when a product is being dispensed into containers. This ensures that the piston moves at a consistent speed regardless of container size or the amount of product being filled. Vibratory Bowl Feeder This device helps ensure that the product is delivered consistently to piston chambers for efficient piston-packing operations. 4. What Are The Applications Of A Piston Filler? Piston fillers are used in a wide range of industries and applications. Here are some of the most common uses: Piston fillers can be used to accurately fill containers with liquid medication, ensuring that each dose is as precise as possible. Piston fillers are also used in the production of cosmetic products such as lotions, creams and gels. Piston fillers are used in the production of food products, such as sauces and condiments. Piston fillers are used in the production of beverages, such as beer, juice, and soft drinks. Piston fillers can be used in the automotive industry to help fill a variety of containers with oil, coolant or other fluids. Piston fillers are used to accurately fill containers with chemicals such as cleaners, solvents or other liquids. 5. What Are The Working Principles Of A Piston Filler? A piston filler works by drawing liquid from the material source, such as a tank or hopper, into a piston chamber. The piston then pushes the liquid product out of the piston chamber in equal amounts into each container below. The piston filler contains three key components that help to ensure the piston filler process is successful: a piston chamber, piston rod or plunger, and a valve system. The piston chamber can be designed to contain different volumes of material that the piston will need to draw into it. The piston rod or plunger is attached to the piston chamber and is used to draw material into the piston chamber. As the piston moves downward, it creates a vacuum that draws liquid material into the piston chamber. Once filled, the piston rises again and pushes liquid product out of the piston chamber in equal amounts into containers below. The valve system helps to control the flow of product and ensure that containers are consistently filled with a precise volume. The piston filler also contains various sensors and controllers to monitor the speed, pressure, temperature, and more. This helps to maintain accuracy and consistency while filling containers. 6. What Are The Different Types Of Piston Fillers Available On The Market? a) Automatic Piston Fillers Automatic piston fillers are ideal for high-volume applications and feature a piston mechanism that dispenses product into containers in a continuous manner. Automatic piston fillers are ideal for a wide range of products, including liquids, pastes and creams. These machines provide fast and accurate filling of multiple containers at the same time, without manual intervention. Automatic piston fillers are ideal for a range of industries including food and beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and industrial products. Common applications include filling liquids, such as sauces, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, oils, and other viscous materials into containers ranging from small bottles to large drums. b) Semi-Automatic Piston fillers Semi-automatic piston fillers are designed for products with a thicker viscosity, such as sauces and creams. They feature a piston mechanism that dispenses products into containers in batches, allowing them to be used in applications where multiple fill volumes may be required. Semi-automatic piston fillers are commonly used in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, cosmetics, personal care products, and other semi-viscous liquids. They are mainly used to fill liquids into containers with accurate volumes without spillage. These semi-automatic piston fillers can be used for various applications, such as filling bottles, jars, cans, and other containers with semi-viscous liquids. They are ideal for applications where accuracy is required in terms of the volume of liquid being filled. They can also be used to fill semi-viscous liquids into a variety of different-sized containers ranging from small vials to large drums. c)Volumetric Piston filler These piston fillers are commonly used for products with a viscosity similar to water or lighter and provide a high degree of accuracy and control over the fill volumes. They feature an adjustable piston mechanism which allows for precise control over the volume of product that is dispensed. Volumetric piston fillers are used in a variety of industries and applications. They are typically used to fill rigid containers, such as cans or bottles, with liquid products such as beverages, edible oils, sauces, detergents and cleaners, dairy products, and other liquids that require precise volumetric measurement. This type of filling machine can also be used for semi-liquid and semi-solid products, such as creams, gels, pastes, jams, puddings, peanut butter, and other food products. d)Linear Piston fillers These piston fillers are ideal for high-production lines as they offer a much faster filling rate than other piston fillers. They feature a linear piston mechanism that moves back and forth in the product container, allowing for increased speed while still providing accurate fill volumes. Linear piston filler is ideal for applications where precise amounts of the product must be filled quickly with consistent accuracy. These machines are used extensively in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and industrial chemical industries. They can also be used for a variety of other liquid-filling applications. 7. What Are The Differences Between Automatic Piston Fillers And Semi-Automatic Piston Fillers? a) Automatic Piston Filler b) Semi-Automatic Piston Filler The major difference between semi-automatic and automatic piston filler s is the extent of automation. Semi-automatic piston fillers require manual operation, such as loading product containers onto the machine and removing them once filled. The operator must also set the fill volume for each container, as well as check for accuracy before continuing to the next container. On the other hand, automatic piston fillers are operated by a single operator who need only to load and unload the containers for each batch. The machine performs all of the filling operations without any manual intervention, providing greater accuracy and quicker production time. In semi-automatic machines, product is loaded into the hopper above and then dispensed into the containers below. This filling process can be stopped or started at any time; however, semi-automatic machines are not designed to run continuously. Semi-automatic piston fillers are more cost effective than automatic machines; however, they require manual operation and do not provide as much accuracy or speed of production as automatic machines. 8. What Are The Differences Between Piston Fillers And Liquid Fillers? a) Piston Fillers b) Liquid Fillers The piston filler is used to fill containers with a wide variety of semi-viscous products, such as sauces, condiments, edible oils, and peanut butter. Piston fillers are highly accurate and can be adjusted to dispense exact amounts of product. Also, piston fillers are more precise and faster than liquid fillers, thus suitable for high-production applications. In contrast, liquid filling machines are best used for products such as juices, beverages, and liquid detergents that are less viscous. In addition, Liquid fillers are much slower than piston fillers due to their lower speed and accuracy. 9. How Can Advanced Piston Fillers Boost Production Speed? The piston machine works by compressing the product into a piston which is then driven forward, quickly filling the container with the desired amount of product. The piston can be adjusted up or down depending on how much product needs to be filled. This allows you to easily adjust production speeds as needed and significantly reduce the amount of time it takes to fill containers. The piston filler can also be used in conjunction with other machines, such as cappers and labelers, which can help increase production speed even further. By using multiple machines at the same time, you are able to get more done in a shorter amount of time, allowing you to focus your efforts on other tasks. 10. What Are The Common Problems In Piston Fillers And How Can You Resolve Them? Leaking Fill Nozzles A piston filler relies on the pressure of a piston pushing liquid through fill nozzles in order to accurately dispense product into containers or packages. If those nozzles become worn out or clogged, they can leak and cause product loss. Regularly clean the piston filler and check for any signs of wear or damage. Incorrect Fill Volumes If piston fillers are not calibrated correctly, they can dispense incorrect amounts of product into containers. Regularly calibrate piston fillers to ensure accuracy in fill volumes. Additionally, you should closely monitor the piston’s speed and adjust it as needed to ensure accurate fills. Due to the nature of piston fillers, they can be exposed to a variety of chemicals, cleaners, and solvents that can cause corrosion over time. Use only approved cleaning solutions on piston fillers and inspect them regularly for signs of wear and corrosion. If piston fillers are not properly maintained, components can become jammed or stuck, resulting in inaccurate fills and product loss. You should regularly inspect piston fillers for signs of damage and make necessary repairs as soon as possible to ensure proper functioning. 11. How Can You Select The Right Piston Filler For Your Application? a) Determine the type of product you plan to fill Piston fillers are designed to handle a variety of products, including liquids, pastes and gels, so it is important to understand what type of material needs to be filled before selecting a piston filler. b) Consider your production volume Piston fillers can accommodate various production volumes, so it is important to determine how much product needs to be filled and select a piston filler with suitable capacity. c) Understand your filling speed needs Piston fillers are available at a range of speeds, so it is important to consider the type of product and production volume when selecting a piston filler with an appropriate speed rating. d) Inspect the piston filler for quality piston fillers are precision pieces of equipment, so it is important to inspect them closely for signs of wear or damage before making a purchase. e) Compare piston fillers from different suppliers Piston fillers come in a variety of shapes and sizes, so it is important to compare piston fillers from different suppliers to ensure that you select the right piston filler for your application. Piston fillers are really useful when it comes to producing bottles of products that require a precise and consistent measure for accuracy and efficiency. They are easy to clean, maintain, and operate and can last for a long time if taken care of properly. Furthermore, piston fillers can help reduce labor costs significantly depending on the production needs of a business. If you thinking about purchasing one for your business, it’s best to contact a reputable supplier like Allpack to ensure quality and safety with every purchase. So what are you waiting for? Contact Allpack today, if you need an affordable solution that is sure to satisfy your production needs! Tell us your raw material and project budget to get quotations within 24 hours. Tell us your material or budget, we'll reply you ASAP within 24 hours

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Why Trust Our Opinion on Car Speakers? CarAudioNow is an award winning automotive blog, founded and built from the ground up by car enthusiasts over a decade ago. Between our editor, Kameron, and a few selected qualified writers, we’ve installed and tested a wide variety of speakers in cars, boats, golf carts – you name it. We know our speakers, how they should sound and perform and what’s a good value for your dollar. We get our hands on every product that we test in person – many of which are purchased and some provided by a manufacturer. It’s a combination of these tests and extensive research that lead us to our recommendations. And we’re frequently testing new speakers for our lists. CarAudioNow and its writers don’t use AI to throw regurgitated information about a few car speakers on a list and say they’re “the best” either. We’re focused on providing meaningful lists, with accurate and useful information that will help you make an informed decision on a product. And we do this because we genuinely enjoy or highly regard the stuff we add to our lists. Our readers and our reputation are both more important to us than a quick buck or the top rank on Google – although both of those would be nice! Read more about how we choose our top lists here. In this article: We'll review our top pick car speakers, broken down by all sizes. We'll detail each of our recommended speaker’s key features, compare specs and our opinion/experience with each speaker. Automotive speakers come in a variety of sizes and types. A simple Google search such as “what is the best car speaker” might pull up a range of lists from several websites, some Reddit threads or forums, but only a few will actually provide you with the context that you need to determine the speaker for your vehicle and application. It's the random lists that overlook the research and decision process that you want to avoid, even if it’s the first result in Google. When people email or reach out to us on social media asking what speaker we’d recommend for them, we immediately spin the question back around to better understand their needs. That’s just normal customer service if you walked into a stereo shop. So, before we get into our recommendations, there are a few key things we think are important for you to think through to determine what type of speaker you should be looking for. Some of these, you've likely already figured out or asked yourself. But for some it might be helpful: - What are your goals? Are you trying to replace a blown speaker? Or are you trying to build an externally amplified system? Are you just looking to upgrade your speakers using your OEM head unit? Are you trying to get more bass? We'll point to specific speakers in some of our lists. Some that are great for OEM upgrades for example, others that are great for bass or volume. But identifying your goal is the first step to determining the car speaker that's best for you. This will help you narrow your view. If you ARE looking to amplify your system, it’s important to note the specs of the speakers that you end up buying (RMS power handling, frequency range, etc). These should help to inform your decision when you chose a car amplifier to match your speaker (if you don’t already have one). We have a few recommendations for the best car amplifiers as well that you can look at. - What size speakers are in my vehicle? This is probably the most critical aspect here, and why we've decided to break out our buying guide by size. You can put a 6 1/2″ component speaker in a 6×9 speaker cutout with adapters but you can't do it the other way around without custom work. So, knowing the size of speaker that your vehicle has, how many and where is important. For this reason, we've also created an interactive list of vehicle speaker sizes to help you determine which size speaker you should actually be looking for. - How much do you want to spend? Clearly, not everyone wants to spend $350+ on a single pair of speakers. Even though the options on this list may seem pricy, you can drill into each individual speaker list to see more options that may be more affordable. You get what you pay for though. This isn't by any means a comprehensive list of things to consider, but at least you can start to see how we think about the process of choosing a speaker, and why a simple search for something like ‘the best affordable car speaker' might be misleading and result in a choice that really doesn't do you any good. So before looking at this list, start by identifying the size of speaker that you're trying to replace or upgrade in your car. This list will represent our top picks for each size category, but also will provide a link to an expanded list for each size if you want to see more options. Hopefully, by structuring our list this way, you'll not only find a relevant speaker based on your goals, size and budget, you'll find an option that fits your needs. Here Are Our Top Pick Car Speakers of 2024 by Size Recent Reviews & Articles Best 5 1/4″ Component Car Speaker >>> See our full list of 5 1/4″ Component Car Speakers <<< 5 1/4″ car speakers are a popular choice due to their compact size and versatility. They’re commonly installed in the front door panels or in the dash across a variety vehicles, making them ideal for delivering clear midrange frequencies to drivers and passengers. While they may not produce deep bass by themself, their ease of installation, price point and ability to enhance the overall soundstage alongside some of the larger speaker sizes and subwoofers make them a valuable choice if you’re unable to step it up to a 6 ½”. Here is our top choice for the 5 ¼” speaker size. Why We Picked It Originally introduced in 2019, the 5030cx is still our reigning top pick 5 ¼ inch speaker on our list. Not only has the Reference 5030cx built a reputation for its ability to handle power with clarity and longevity, but it has also done so at a very competitive price point, which we like a lot. They’re a great choice for systems with an external car amplifier, but also a fantastic match for those just looking to use a factory or aftermarket head unit for power. Some of the core features that stood out to us, and that really make an audible difference when you listen to the speakers include: Edge-Driven Dome Tweeters: Infinity calls their tweeter setup an edge-driven dome tweeter. The difference between traditional dome tweeters and edge-driven dome tweeters is in the design of the voice coil. Edge-driven have voice coils along the edge of the dome rather than at the center The edge-driven design can sometimes be associated with smoother and clearer treble, making every note in your music shine. We think the difference is almost marginal between a traditional and these edge-driven design, but we didn’t hear any harshness when we were testing these out. Plus One+ Cones, the Woofer, and Surround: The Reference REF-5030CX features Infinity’s (or we should say Harman Kardon’s) Plus One+ cone tech. They have a larger surface area compared to conventional speakers, which is great for improved bass response. You’ll see a pattern with the speakers we choose on this list – we have a preference for speakers that employ this type of ‘oversized cone’ tech. The woofer material, along with the surround material, plays a pivotal role too though. The cone material is made from polypropylene, which isn’t anything too special but performs well. And the important thing to note about the surround material is that it’s made from a durable rubber material instead of a foam-based surround material. Impressive Specs: The REF-5030CX have a respectable power handling and frequency range. With an RMS power handling of 75 watts, they’ll definitely give you volume. The frequency response is broad (67-21,000 Hz), covering a wide range of the spectrum, and the sensitivity rating (93 dB) ensures that these speakers are responsive to the subtleties in your music and make it a great choice for amplified and non-amplified systems alike. |5 1/4″ Component |67 – 21,000 Hz Reasons to Buy - Good choice for factory location replacements - Durable speaker with a reputation for taking abuse beyond its limits - Crystal clear mid and high range Reasons Not to Buy - Limited Low-Range Frequency limits - Use of an amplifier is recommended to get the best sound - They do not come with grills Best 5×7 Car Speaker >>> See our full list of 5×7 Car Speakers <<< 5×7 speakers are a less common, but versatile choice that are commonly used in various car models from the factory. This includes many Fords, Mazdas, and others. 5×7 speakers provide a well-rounded audio experience, especially mid-range frequencies. They’re somewhere in between a 5.25” and 6×9” in terms of bass. In many cases, a 6×8 speaker also can be leveraged in a 5×7” opening. If feasible, we’d recommend a 6×8 over a 5×7 but here is our top 5×7 pick nonetheless! Why We Picked It We certainly wouldn’t consider this package a budget-friendly option, but it's all about getting your money's worth when it comes to performance, right? JL Audio’s C3 speakers have several cool features that stand out to us, and that you don’t see on any other competitor’s speakers. Apart from performance, their dedication to R&D and creativity is probably the thing we love most about the JL brand and their products. It’s what makes them such a powerhouse in the industry, and why their products have become more and more synonymous with quality and performance. Let’s talk about why we think these speakers belong on our list. Mica-Filled Polypropylene Woofer and Butyl Rubber Surround: You’ll see us call this out in all of our speaker reviews, but the cone and surround material are incredibly important components and have a profound impact on the sound and speaker durability, longevity and performance. The C3 speakers use a mica-filled polypropylene woofer cone, a material that brings together excellent rigidity and vibration dampening. But what does this mean for your music? The reason manufacturers test and use complex combinations of materials for their cones is to improve clarity and precision – especially in the midrange frequencies. And that’s what JL does with this Mica-Polypropylene blend. The surrounding is butyl rubber, or what we think is sort of the gold standard for higher-end speakers. Besides the voice coil, the surround is probably one of the most common points of failure on a speaker. Butyl rubber is designed to last, ensuring that your investment in the C3-570 is a long-term one. Glass Filled Polymer Frame and Frame Cooling: The C3-570 is housed in a glass-filled polymer frame. It’s kind of like a fiberglass reinforced plastic material. It’s rigid, which is what matters. But what's more important to us is JL’s integrated frame cooling system. It’s not just about aesthetics; it's about performance under heavy load for long periods of time. It keeps the speakers cool even during your longest playlists, and ensures they maintain their exceptional performance, song after song. Silk Dome Tweeters and Convertible Design: Here’s our personal favorite feature – the convertible tweeter design. Up front, you can see a silk dome tweeter. Silk dome tweeters are associated with smoother, less harsh highs than more rigid dome tweeters like aluminum or titanium. What's really neat about the speaker design is that it’s convertible – you can either install a phase plug at the center of the speaker and mount the tweeter separately for a more advanced soundstage or keep it simple and mount the tweeter directly to the speaker, making it a coaxial. The choice is yours. Midrange and Tweeter Level Settings: The C3-570 have three midrange settings and four tweeter levels to choose from. What this allows you to do is tune the strength and levels of the mids and high frequencies separately without a DSP or crossover. By adjusting the tweeter levels and midrange settings, you can personalize your listening environment directly from the speaker/crossover which simplifies installation and tuning. You normally see 1-3 tweeter level settings but not both midrange and tweeter so this is another unique benefit that we feel is important to call out.Impressive Specs: One thing we’ve always noticed with JL Audio is their conservative power handling specs. The C3-570s only have a 75 watt RMS handling rating. But we’ve listened to them and they’re comparable to higher power handling speakers. Their frequency response of 48-25,000 Hz is also impressive, especially on the lower range. |48 – 25,000 Hz Reasons to Buy - Excellent sound quality, particularly in midrange frequencies - No distortion or buzzing even at high volumes - Included crossovers are high-quality and compact Reasons Not to Buy - Expensive way to replace your speakers - Works best when provided additional amplification - Requires wiring of a separate crossover Best 6 1/2″ Car Speaker 6 ½” speakers are overwhelmingly the most common size on the market and sold by manufacturers. They offer a great blend of bass, midrange, and highs and are arguably the best choice among all the sizes on our list. Many installers will actually adapt the other speaker sizes on our list to a 6 ½” speaker if they can – even 6x9s. They’re the most universal size on the market with the best overall performance (in our opinion). And our opinion is validated by the fact that almost EVERY speaker line from any manufacturer will include them. Whereas 5x7s or 6x8s are sometimes hard to come by! Being so popular and universal, we’ve created a few other lists of 6 ½” speakers, such as: - Best 6 ½” Component Car Speakers - Best 6 ½” Coaxial Car Speakers - Best Budget 6 ½” Car Speakers - Best High-End 6 ½” Car Speakers Focal PS 165 FXE Video Review Join us for an exclusive unbox and first look at the Focal PS 165 FXE speakers in our latest video. We'll walk through the key features that make this speaker a great choice. Why We Picked It Focal is serious about creating high-fidelity sound in the automotive marketplace. Their newest 6.5-inch component set is the PS 165 FXE, which incorporates the French company's iconic use of flax fibers and some of the highest-end technology in the business to produce an incredible sounding component speakers in the world. We know these have a high price tag, but it's for a reason. Ask anyone in the stereo industry – home and automotive – and they'll know Focal. We did a first look and feature overview of this the PS 165 FXE and loved what we saw and heard. Here are a few things that stand out about these Focals. Flax Woofer Cone and TMD Surround: The woofer cone is made of a sandwiched flax fiber core with glass layers. Flax is a highly rigid, lightweight, and hollow material that allows these speakers to be among the most rigid and responsive with very low harmonic distortion. It’s one of the features that’s unique to Focal’s lineup of speakers, including the PS 165 FXE. Focal says that the unique properties of flax give the speaker the ability to produce a more natural sound with rich midrange and clear bass. The cone surround is another innovative design using ‘tuned mass damper’ technology. This is the same tech used to stabilize skyscrapers in earthquake-prone areas, so it is more than capable of handling all kinds of abuse without fail. The combination of a rigid cone and a balanced surround provide excellent response and a pure sound. TAM Tweeters: Focal uses a unique “M” profile tweeter that offers a wide diffusion area. In other words, you don’t have to be as precise when trying to directionally install them to still benefit from a directional speaker. The angle-mount tweeters are easy to install and are specifically designed to provide off-axis listening typical of an in-car environment. The inverted dome design allows for harmonic balance and clean treble. Crossover Network: The bi-amplified design of these speakers allows you to configure your setup to take full advantage of the high-quality crossovers included in the kit. The crossovers direct the proper frequencies to the proper speakers, so you don’t have overlap and wasted energy when a speaker attempts to recreate a frequency that it can’t. Power Handling and Frequency Response: Focal rates these components at an RMS of 80 watts and a peak of 160 watts. The bi-amp design performs best when power is amplified. The aluminum and magnesium frame stabilizes and balances the speaker to prevent distortion. |PS 165 FXE |55 – 28,000 Hz Reasons to Buy - Excellent warm and natural sound with clear midrange - High-end look that is hard to cover up with a grill - Made from only high-quality materials Reasons Not to Buy - Difficult to fit in some locations due to larger-than-standard cutout size Best 6×8 Car Speaker >>> See our full list of 6×8″ Car Speakers <<< 6×8 sized speakers are another common speaker size from the factory. Although they seem to be fading out in popularity like the 5x7s a little bit. They offer a fantastic blend of bass, midrange, and high frequencies. Like the 5×7, 6x8s are commonly compatible in most Fords, Mazdas, Lincolns and many others. They might not cover the mid-range/highs quite as well as a 6 ½” but their bass and low range is superior in many cases. And most of the time, 6×8 and 5x7in sizes are interchangeable too so if you have a 5×7 speaker today, our recommendation would be to replace it with a 6×8 if possible. Why We Picked It Rockford’s T1682 is a powerhouse 6×8. They combine cutting-edge tech and robust construction for an exceptional listening experience. Here's a closer look at some of the technology and features that make these speakers stand out to us, and sound so good. VAST Technology: Rockford’s VAST (Vertical Attach Surround Technique) technology optimizes cone space, allowing for a larger cone to fit in the same size basket. Larger cones enable the speaker to produce bass more efficiently and increase their power handling. So if you were to compare the frequency coverage of this speaker against one with a traditional cone design you’d hear an audible difference in volume and, in particular, the lows. Woofer and Surround Material: The cone material is where the magic happens, and how a lot of manufacturers differentiate themselves. The T1682’s cone is crafted from a blend of carbon fiber and polypropylene, and what we appreciate most is the balance it strikes. The rigidity the material ensures powerful bass, while the lightweight nature of carbon fiber maintains clarity in the midrange. The cone is surrounded by butyl rubber, which is common among the higher-end speakers. Butyl rubber is associated with longevity and overall performance so it’s a good thing to see when you’re comparing speakers. Frame Engineering: Another small feature we wanted to point out is the open mounting slots in the frame. If you look closely at the mounting holes in the photos, you’ll notice two are open. This is to help with mounting, especially when the holes don’t line up perfectly. In our experience, these come in handy more than you would think and shave some time off of the installation. 1″ Dome Tweeter – Adding Clarity: At the center of the speaker, you have a suspended 1″ aluminum dome tweeter. It's this tweeter that adds a layer of crispness to the music. We appreciate the attention to detail here, ensuring that even the highest notes are crystal clear. And we also like the suspension of the tweeter. In most cases, we always prefer a suspended tweeter design over a built-in because it allows the cone behind it to have more surface area and generally is one less point of failure on the speaker. Impressive Specs: In terms of specs, the T1682 boasts a competitive peak power handling of 160 watts, an RMS of 80 watts, and a sensitivity rating of 88 dB. The frequency response, ranging from 60Hz to 22kHz, ensures a wide range of sound, accommodating all musical genres with finesse. Like most 6×8 and 6×9 sized speakers you actually get a very well-rounded sound from these speakers without a subwoofer, but if you really wanted some bass we always recommend a dedicated sub. |55 – 22,000 Hz Reasons to Buy - Excellent sounding speaker with a robust midrange and clear highs - Fits numerous factory speaker locations without modification - On-board crossover simplifies install and results in better sounding speakers Reasons Not to Buy - Somewhat deep and may cause interference issues when replacing factory 5×7” speakers - Not as much bass as might be expected from a speaker this size Best 6×9 Car Speaker >>> See our full list of 6×9″ Car Speakers <<< 6x9s are a great choice if you’re looking for a full-range speaker. We’ve seen these in manufacturers like Toyota, Jeep, Ram and some others and what’s noticeably different in vehicles with 6x9s is their bass coverage, even if there isn’t a subwoofer installed. This makes sense because they have the largest cone surface area among all of the other speaker sizes on our list. And as you probably already read earlier – surface area can translate into bass and volume. So if you’re looking for an excellent replacement or upgrade to a 6×9 speaker in your vehicle, here’s our top choice. Why We Picked It Another Focal option on our list (there's a trend here) is their Access 690AC. French manufacturer, Focal, is known for its great speakers but great speakers don't come cheap. We previously featured Focal's older model on our list, the Performance 690C. The newer 690AC designs use better basket geometry, materials, and some new technology as well. The 690AC is also a 2-way vs the 3-way design of the 690C so the sound and performance are totally different. The Access series lineup offers a great blend of Focal’s technology, performance and design but at a lower price point than, for example, their performance flax speakers like the PS 165 FXE that we call out for our 6 ½” choice. It’s the combination of performance, materials and price point that put this particular speaker on the top of our list for the 6×9” category. Here are some those notable performance-impacting features that we think make the difference in the sound quality of the 690AC and why it’s featured on our recommended list. Dual Fiberglass Woofer (DFS) Cone and Butyl Rubber Surround: Construction and material quality is a big deal, and the dual fiberglass woofer cone structure is a standout feature to us. Focal’s DFS is just a construction technique. It combines the rigidity and durability of two woven fiberglass structures with the damping and weather resistant properties of polyurethane. This unique combination ensures not only excellent bass response but also longevity. The butyl rubber surround is also a plus. Rotating Aluminum Inverted-Dome Tweeter: Another key highlights to us is the rotating aluminum inverted-dome tweeter. This design isn’t just about looks; it plays a role in high-frequency sound dispersion. By allowing you to direct the tweeter as needed, you can customize the soundstage – a critical component to a tuned system since speaker locations vary from one car to another. When you combine this with Focal’s standout inverted-dome tweeter design, it really makes a noticeable difference in treble softness and fullness. Enough so for us to hear at least. Resonance Resistive ABS/Fiberglass: Basket rigidity isn’t something to be overlooked. Focal’s resonance-resistive ABS/Fiberglass basket contributes to both the structural stability and the acoustic performance of these speakers. It minimizes unwanted vibrations, ensuring that the sound remains pure and uncolored. Impressive Specs: Finally, let’s talk specs. The 690AC has a 75 watt RMS power range. But what we’ve found with some manufacturers like JL Audio and Focal is that this really isn’t always indicative of volume. We’d consider 75 on the lower end but power handling really doesn’t mean too much if you have to dial back the gain to prevent distortion. So expect every bit of volume and clarity out of the 75 watt rating with these speakers. A 50-20,000 Hz frequency range tells you enough about the bass coverage – these are pretty much full range speakers but if you want a lot of bass out of your system, still consider a separate subwoofer. |50 – 20,000 Hz Reasons to Buy - Superb sound quality, particularly at high frequencies - Smooth sound and nice deep bass - Great performance at a low(er) end price Reasons Not to Buy - Require slightly more installation depth than most other speakers Common Speaker Terms & Ratings – Things You Should Know About Speakers When we’re choosing a car speaker, we take a lot into consideration. You should to! Let’s define a few common features and terms that are used when finding the ideal car speaker. Also consider taking a look at the anatomy of a car speaker. Power Handling: Power handling is the measurement a manufacture uses to rate how much power a speaker can handle and operate at. It is given in two measurements, RMS and Peak (or MAX). RMS Power rating is the amount of power the speaker handles continuously. The Peak Power rating is the amount of power a speaker can handle in short bursts. When comparing speakers, RMS Power is the more relevant and important rating to look at. Frequency Range: Frequency range is the frequencies that the speaker emits sound at. It's typically measured in Hz. The ranges show from a low frequency to high, for example: 20 – 22,000 (22k) Hz. This measures how low and high the speaker can emit sound at. Subwoofers, for example, typically operate below 200Hz while tweeters operate above 3-5K Hz. Speaker Design & Materials Woofer: The speaker woofer determines the responsiveness, and general quality of the speaker. The stiffer and more lightweight the material used, the more effective the speaker is. Polypropylene is a common material used for the cone. In addition, woven fabrics such as fiberglass, carbon fiber and Kevlar are used in higher quality speakers. Aluminum and titanium are also used in higher end speakers and tweeters. Woofer Surrounding: The woofer surround is also an important aspect of the speaker system. It can affect the sound as well. Durable, lightweight, and free moving materials are used to allow the woofer to move with as little energy possible. The material is essential for a long-lasting speaker too. As speakers get older and used, humidity levels and wear-and-tear can crack and break the woofer surround. Rubber surrounding is typically the most long lasting and high performing. Foam and cloth surroundings are found on less expensive car speakers, with lower performance and shorter life spans. Crossovers: When you purchase a component car speaker set, a crossover is typically a part of the package. External crossovers are used to lessen the amount of distortion a speaker has. They do this by separating the frequency inputs. Signals can cross through coated wiring and cause distortion. So, an external crossover system will limit this.

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Financial Management Insight Strategies to Help Build Your Future Some people aspire to buy a dream home or travel the world after they retire. Others want to help their children pay for a college education. And when it comes down to it, many of us would love to accomplish all these worthy goals. Sound financial management is a process that begins with a person’s first paycheck and continues through each stage of life. Like the steps of building a sand castle, each decision you make about money today forms the foundation for your financial future. Cash Management Improving your financial position Protection Strategies Strengthening your “safety net” Investing Fundamentals Building a portfolio Tax Issues Managing your tax burden Retirement Planning Funding a comfortable financial future Estate Matters Preserving wealth Cash Management Improving Your Financial Position Start by taking control of your cash flow: 1. Assess your spending. You cannot make sound decisions about your money if you have no idea where it’s going. Once you see where you might be wasting money, you can put it to work more productively. 2. Build a cash reserve or emergency fund. This is the “rainy day” money you set aside for life’s surprises. 3. Pay down credit-card debt. Credit cards are a double-edged sword. Most people rely on them as a financial convenience, but credit cards have a “dark” side too, namely their relatively high rate of interest. Embrace the Household Budget Creating a budget involves allocating a set amount of money to spend on such items as housing, food, transportation, and entertainment — and to save for the future. A good first step is to keep a detailed record of all spending for at least 30 days. Every expense should be labeled, categorized, and subcategorized for tracking purposes. This may seem like a daunting task, but today’s technology could make it less tedious and possibly even fun. You can write down each expense or use computer software, online financial tools, or a mobile budgeting app. After 30 days, youmay notice that you tend to spend more than you thought on some types of items. Regardless of the budgeting method you prefer, the process can help you identify and curtail overspending. A budget doesn’t have to be overly restrictive to be effective, as long as it provides realistic spending guidelines that reflect your earnings and lifestyle. Of the 74% of Americans who say they have a monthly budget, only 32% track their spending on a regular basis. Source: Nerdwallet 2023 Consumer Budgeting Report 49% Spend less than they earn 19% Spend more than they earn 32% Break even (earnings/ spending) The Bottom Line Percentage of Americans who Source: Federal Reserve, 2023 (2022 data, most current available) Be Prepared for Life’s Surprises A sudden job loss — even unexpected expenses like a major car repair and medical bill — could be devastating if you don’t have an adequate cash cushion. To avoid racking up debt during tough times, youmay want to keep a cash reserve fund that is large enough to cover living expenses for at least three to six months. Emergency funds typically should be held in a bank money market or savings account where the cash would be readily accessible when needed. A review of your spending habits may reveal some relatively painless ways to cut back, leaving a little more to sock away eachmonth. Here are two more ways to build up your emergency fund. • Divert a portion of salary. Determine howmuch income you can afford to set aside and transfer that amount automatically from your paycheck to a separate account. • Make themost of a windfall. Resolve to save your tax refund, annual bonus check, monetary gifts, and other unplanned income. Life’s Expensive Milestones How Debt Can Stand in the Way of Progress Here’s a hypothetical example that demonstrates the true cost of carrying a large amount of credit-card debt. For someone with $25,000 of credit-card debt (15% interest rate) who consistently makes $400monthly payments, it would take 10 years to pay off the balance — and add up to $23,938 of interest. On the other hand, if the same $400 was invested monthly in an account earning a hypothetical 7% rate of return, the account could grow to $69,232 over the same 10 years. The difference between these two results— the investment opportunity lost to credit-card debt — is a surprising $93,170. When you think about it that way, it might make more sense to pay off high-interest credit-card debt before youmake any other investment. This hypothetical example is used for illustrative purposes only and does not represent any specific investment or credit card. It assumes a 7% annual return on the investment and a 15% annual interest rate on the credit cards. It also assumes a 10-year repayment schedule for the credit-card debt with no new charges added. Actual results will vary. Investments with the potential for higher rates of return also carry a greater degree of risk of loss. $30,000 Average cost of a wedding (in 2022) $391,800 U.S. median home price (October 2023) Sources: The Knot, 2023; National Association of Realtors, 2023; Brookings, 2022 (based on 2015 USDA data); College Board, 2023 Escape the Credit-Card Trap The average credit-card balance was $6,088 in the third quarter of 2023.1 Although paying off your cards may not sound as appealing as a trip to Hawaii or a new car, it could prove to be one of the wisest “investments” you make. Here are four strategies to help pay down credit-card debt more quickly. 1. Pay more than the minimum monthly amounts whenever possible, and try to reduce the account balances on the highest-rate cards first. 2. Use low introductory rates or 0% balance transfers to help lower interest payments and pay off more of the balance during the promotional period. Before transferring balances, make sure any rates that might kick in later won’t be higher than normal, and resolve not to spend more and run up the balance again after you pay off the card. 3. Make monthly payments on time. The interest rate on some accounts may be much higher for cardholders who pay late or have low credit scores in general. 4. Call the credit-card company and try to negotiate a lower rate. 1 Transunion, 2023 $310,605 Estimated cost to raise a child born in 2015 to age 18 (with projected inflation) $24,030 Average annual cost to attend a four-year public college, 2023–2024 (in-state tuition, fees, housing, and food) $56,190 Make that a private college Regardless of where you live, what you do for a living, and the lifestyle you personally enjoy, there are many forms of insurance that could provide some financial protection from life’s unknowns. Therefore, it might be worth the time and effort to review your coverage and evaluate whether it is still adequate for your family’s needs. Protection Strategies Strengthening Your “Safety Net” 1 Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2023 Homeowners Insurance A home could be the single largest investment youmake in your lifetime. Homeowners insurance provides compensation (up to the policy limits) if your home is damaged or destroyed, or if your family’s possessions are stolen or damaged. It can also provide some measure of protection against liability claims and medical expenses that result from property damage or injuries suffered by others on the property. Auto Insurance People rarely stop to think about the dangers associated with driving and many other normal, everyday activities. Auto insurance not only helps protect your vehicle, but it may also shield you from liability for damage or injury (up to policy limits) caused by you or someone else driving your car. Health Insurance As health-care costs have risen, workers who can enroll in an employer-sponsored medical planmay notice plan changes such as higher premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance rates. Individuals who are not covered by employer-sponsored health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, or another government program can purchase insurance that meets minimum standards directly from a private insurance company (or broker) or from an exchange run by their state or the federal government. The official site is HealthCare.gov. Medicare Medicare is the U.S. government’s health insurance program for people ages 65 and older as well as younger individuals with specific disabilities and illnesses. Even withMedicare, there are some fairly stiff deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance. In fact, Medicare typically covers only about 60% of the cost of health-care services for beneficiaries age 65 and older.1 An alternative to Original Medicare is Medicare Advantage (Part C) —private plans that provide the benefits and services of Medicare Parts A and B and may offer additional benefits such as vision, wellness, and prescription drug coverage. Source: Insurance Information Institute, 2023 (most current data available) Damage from wind and hail is the most common type of homeowners insurance claim, but fires are generally the most expensive. Homeowners’ Losses by Severity of Claims (weighted average, 2017–2021) Why Homeowners Depend on Insurance Theft $4,646 Fire/lightning $83,519 Bodily injury/property damage (liability) $31,663 Wind/hail $12,913 Water damage/ freezing $12,514 Medical payments (liability) $10,179 Even with insurance, health costs can be a financial burden. In 2022, 23% of adults had major, unexpected medical bills to pay. Source: Federal Reserve, 2023 (2022 data, most current available) A Bitter Pill Health-care costs for the typical American family of four with employer coverage reached $31,065 in 2023. The family’s share amounted to $12,822 in payroll deductions and out-of-pocket expenses— more than the family would spend on groceries. Source: Milliman Medical Index, 2023 $28,310 2021 2022 2023 $29,424 $31,065 Annual health-care costs for a family of four Disability Income Insurance A disabling illness or injury that prevents you from earning a living could ruin your efforts to secure a comfortable financial future. Many employers offer short-term group disability insurance, but the coverage may last only a fewweeks or months. Long-term group disability coverage generally replaces only 50% to 60% of a worker’s income, and any benefits would be taxable if the employer paid the premiums. Few people would be able to meet all their expenses if they had to live on half of their current salaries. How can you help protect your income and lifestyle from the financial ramifications of a prolonged disability? Youmight consider purchasing an individual disability income insurance policy if you are self-employed or your employer coverage is insufficient for your family’s needs. It might surprise you to know that about one in four of today’s 20-year-olds can expect to be out of work for at least one year because of a disabling condition before they reach age 67. Without disability income insurance protection, that could spell financial disaster. Source: Social Security Administration, 2023 Life Insurance There are two basic types of life insurance. Term insurance is pure insurance that is purchased for a specified but limited period of time. When the term expires, coverage ends. It tends to be more affordable, especially for younger individuals. Permanent (whole life) insurance also offers a death benefit, but the insurance remains in force for the rest of policy owner’s lifetime, as long as premiums are paid. In addition, a portion of the premiums goes into a cash-value account that accumulates on a tax-deferred basis. The cost and availability of life insurance depend on factors such as age, health, and the type and amount of insurance purchased. Before implementing a strategy involving life insurance, it would be prudent to make sure that you are insurable. As withmost financial decisions, there are expenses associated with the purchase of life insurance. Policies commonly have mortality and expense charges. In addition, if a policy is surrendered prematurely, there may be surrender charges and income tax implications. Any guarantees are contingent on the financial strength and claims-paying ability of the issuing insurance company. A sound investment strategy based on your financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance could serve you well over the long run. To build a portfolio that could help meet your needs, you should consider why you are investing and the time frame available before you need the money. If you are investing for your children’s college education, for example, youmay not be able to assume as much investment risk because your time frame is short. If retirement is a long way off, youmay be able to invest more aggressively. In addition, you should think about your tolerance for risk, which refers to howwell you tend to handle dramatic ups and downs in the markets and changes in the value of your portfolio. Investing Fundamentals Building a Portfolio Understanding basic investment strategies may help you make more informed investing decisions. Asset allocation involves dividing your portfolio into different asset classes — typically, stocks, bonds, and cash— to seek the highest potential return based on your risk tolerance. This process can help you balance investments that have lower levels of risk with those that have a higher potential for growth. Diversification generally means “don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Different types of investments may react to changing market conditions in different ways. When your money is diversified, gains in one area may help compensate for losses in another. By distributing your holdings among a variety of investments, you can help limit your risk of loss in any one sector of the market. Dollar-cost averaging involves investing a fixed amount of money at regular intervals, such as monthly. By investing the same amount consistently over time, you are able to buy more shares of an investment when the price is low and fewer shares when the price is high, whichmay result in a lower average cost per share over time. Because dollar-cost averaging involves making periodic investments, you should consider your financial ability and willingness to continue making purchases during periods of low and high price levels. These strategies may seemunexciting, but much of their value comes from reducing the potential to react emotionally during periods of market volatility. Asset allocation, diversification, and dollar-cost averaging won’t guarantee a profit or prevent a loss; they are methods used to help manage investment risk. Investments offering the potential for higher rates of return also involve a higher degree of risk of principal. The return and principal value of all investments fluctuate with changes inmarket conditions. Shares, when sold, and bonds redeemed prior to maturity may be worthmore or less than their original cost. Tax Issues Managing Your Tax Burden It’s not easy to keep up with complex tax laws that always seem to be changing, much less figure out how they might affect your finances. Even so, it is important to consider taxes when making financial decisions. You may even be able to postpone or reduce your tax obligation with some careful planning and the guidance of a tax professional. Federal Income Tax Brackets There are seven federal income tax brackets, ranging from 10% to 37%. This table shows the taxable income ranges for single filers and married joint filers for the 2024 tax year. Dollar limitations are adjusted annually for inflation. Single filers Joint filers Tax rate Up to $11,600 Up to $23,200 10% $11,601 to $47,150 $23,201 to $94,300 12% $47,151 to $100,525 $94,301 to $201,050 22% $100,526 to $191,950 $201,051 to $383,900 24% $191,951 to $243,725 $383,901 to $487,450 32% $243,726 to $609,350 $487,451 to $731,200 35% $609,350 and over $731,200 and over 37% Taxable income ranges for 2024 Source: Internal Revenue Service, 2023 After the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 nearly doubled the prior standard deduction amounts and eliminated the deduction for personal exemptions, more taxpayers take the standard deduction rather than itemizing deductions, leading to a less complex tax filing season. *The net investment income tax (also called the Medicare surtax on net investment income) applies to the lesser of (a) net investment income or (b) the amount by which modified adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeds the above thresholds. It does not apply to municipal bond interest or IRA/qualified retirement plan withdrawals. Source: Internal Revenue Service, 2023 Investment Tax Rates The tax code treats capital gains and dividends differently from ordinary income, such as that received from wages or interest from bonds and savings accounts. High-income taxpayers may also be subject to a 3.8% net investment income tax on capital gains, dividends, interest, royalties, rents, and passive income if their modified adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeds $200,000 (single filers) or $250,000 ( joint filers). Single filers Joint filers Tax rate Long-term capital gain and dividend tax (2024 taxable income thresholds) Up to $47,025 Up to $94,050 0% $47,026 up to $518,900 $94,051 up to $583,750 15% Over $518,900 Over $583,750 20% Net investment income tax (2022 AGI thresholds) Over $200,000 Over $250,000 3.8%* Short-term capital gains on investments held 12 months or less are taxed as ordinary income, so investors in the top 37% tax bracket could owe up to 40.8% on short-term gains. Retirement Planning Funding a Comfortable Financial Future Setting the stage for a comfortable retirement involves determining how much you need to save and developing a roadmap to pursue your goal. It’s never too early to prepare for retirement. The beneficial impact of compounding is enhanced for workers who start saving early in their careers. People who wait until they are older to save for retirement have less time on their side and will typically have to invest muchmore of their incomes to achieve the same result. How much money will you need? It basically depends on a number of factors specific to your personal situation. You might start by addressing these questions: Considering these and other retirement expenses, especially the potential for higher health-care costs, experts suggest that you might need at least 70% to 80% of your pre-retirement income to live comfortably in retirement. Have you considered the impact of inflation on your savings needs? If the average 30-year inflation rate of 2.50% were to continue going forward, an item that cost $1 in 2023 would cost more than $2 in 2053 — twice as much! What retirement lifestyle do you envision? Do you plan to move, travel extensively, or maintain a country club membership? You might need more than someone who anticipates a more frugal lifestyle. How many years will you spend in retirement? Consider your health and family history. At what age would you like to retire? The earlier you retire, the more financial resources you may need. Will you pay for health-care expenses out of pocket, or will a former employer help cover the costs? It’s estimated that some couples who retired at age 65 in 2022 could need as much as $383,000 in savings to cover their health expenses in retirement. Source: Employee Benefit Research Institute, 2023 This hypothetical example is used for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will vary. Social Security: Benefits are based on your earnings history and the age when you claimbenefits. If you retire at your “full retirement” age —which ranges from 66 to 67 —you will receive your “full” Social Security benefit. If you choose to claim benefits at age 62 (the earliest claiming age), you will receive a permanently reduced benefit (25% to 30% less than the full benefit, depending on your year of birth). If you delay claiming benefits after reaching full retirement age, you will receive a larger benefit — about 8%more for each year you delay, up to age 70. Married couples may have additional filing strategies to maximize lifetime benefits. Personal savings and investments: Unless you receive a traditional pension, the money you save and invest will make up the bulk of your retirement income. Youmight invest in IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement plans. And youmight supplement these plans with taxable financial vehicles such as stocks, bonds, cash alternatives, and mutual funds. Mutual funds are sold by prospectus. Please consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses carefully before investing. The prospectus, which contains this and other information about the investment company, can be obtained from your financial professional. Be sure to read the prospectus carefully before deciding whether to invest. Even though you might receive annual cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs), Social Security shouldn’t be counted on to cover all your living expenses in retirement. The average monthly benefit for all retired workers in November 2023 was only $1,845. Source: Social Security Administration, 2023 What Income Sources Will You Have? 401(k), 403(b), or 457 plan Traditional and Roth IRAs (combined limit) Regular annual limit Catch-up contribution for workers age 50 and older Retirement Plan Contribution Limits (2024 tax year) If you are eligible to contribute to an IRA or an employersponsored retirement plan, your annual tax-deductible or pre-tax contributions are capped by federal law. $1,000 $7,000 $23,000 $7,500 $8,000 $30,500 Estate Matters Preserving Wealth Your estate comprises all the wealth you have accumulated over your lifetime, including real estate, stocks, bonds, business interests, retirement plans, personal effects, and anything else you own. Effective estate conservation can provide several benefits: • Select the people and organizations you want to receive your assets, and determine how and when they will receive their inheritance • Choose individuals who will manage your estate, including an executor, a trustee, and others • Choose guardians for minor-age children • Help reduce estate settlement costs, including probate Important Estate Documents Having certain legal documents in place can provide a roadmap that your heirs can follow. It is important to keep these documents up-to-date and in a secure location that is known to family members and/or trusted professionals. A last will and testament is a good start, but it won’t prevent your estate from going through the probate process, which can be expensive and time-consuming for heirs. Here are some of the documents that typically make up an estate plan. Power of Attorney Gives someone of your choosing the authority to act on your behalf in legal and financial matters. A durable power of attorney designates someone to act on your behalf even in the event that you become disabled or incapacitated. A medical power of attorney gives someone the authority to make medical decisions for you if you are unable to make them yourself. Last Will and Testament Provides instructions detailing how you want your estate to be distributed. Contracts The assets in life insurance policies, pensions, IRAs, and retirement plans will pass directly to the beneficiaries you have designated on the account beneficiary forms, superseding instructions in a will. These assets typically are not subject to probate. Trust Enables you to specify how and when assets in the trust should be distributed after your death. Assets in a trust may avoid probate and possibly estate taxes. A trust can also be used to provide for a dependent with special needs and to make a substantial contribution to your favorite charitable organization. Living Will Differs from a standard will in that it outlines which medical procedures you will allow in the event of a debilitating or chronic illness. It is often used to authorize termination of artificial life support in the event of terminal illness. The use of trusts involves a complex web of tax rules and regulations. You should consider the counsel of an experienced estate planning professional and your legal and tax professionals before implementing such strategies. There are initial costs and ongoing expenses associated with the creation andmaintenance of trusts. Have you taken the time to list and prioritize your financial objectives? If you start preparing today and resolve to stay focused on your goals, you might accomplish more than you ever imagined. © Prepared by Broadridge Advisor Solutions. © 2024 Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.

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Remember when Dwight Howard was portrayed by so many as the selfish one in Los Angeles? Monday offered an interesting contrast on that front. In Memphis, the Rockets (10-5) pulled off a miraculous 93-86 come-from-behind victory, all with Howard not playing one second in the fourth quarter. Statistics, shot attempts, post-up opportunities… Howard didn’t seem bothered by the lack of any of those on Monday night. Because his team won. Remember when Howard supposedly brought a stat sheet around the locker room in Los Angeles to complain to teammates about how he didn’t get enough field-goal attempts? That’s not happening in Houston. In four of the Rockets’ last six games, Howard has seen his shot attempts limited to single digits. In three of those games, he played fewer than 30 minutes. Yet no one around the Rockets has heard the slightest complaint. Why? It starts with the fact that the Rockets won all of those games, and Howard is embracing the concept of leading by example. “We have to play four consistent quarters,” Howard recently told the Houston Chronicle. “It can’t be one quarter or two quarters or three. It has to be four. Guys have to know their limits, know when they need a break, be humble enough to raise their hand and get somebody else in to play those minutes. A lot of times, guys cruise. I’ve cruised a couple times, wanted to stay out there longer. “You can’t do that if you want to be a great team. You have to go out there and go hard and play 48 minutes as hard as you can, whether that’s 20 minutes, five minutes, 30 minutes, we have to all give it all and trust that the guy off the bench is going to give us the same effort or more. We all have to get to that level where we trust each other and trust that the guy that is going to come in for us will come in with the same intensity. Once we get there, we’ll be a tough team to beat.” On Monday, Howard practiced what he preached. Though his big-picture numbers were solid with 15 points (6-of-10 FG) and seven rebounds in 27 minutes, he turned it over five times and didn’t seem to have his ‘A’ game. The Rockets then caught fire late in the third quarter and early in the fourth with Omer Asik (10 rebounds, 2 blocks in 21 minutes) in the middle to defend Zach Randolph. Head coach Kevin McHale opted to ride the hot hands, leaving Howard and Jeremy Lin on the bench as the Rockets put away the Grizzlies with a 38-23 burst. Most impressively, neither star seemed bothered at all. Howard, in particular, was routinely the first one off the Houston bench to high-five his teammates and encourage Asik (his own replacement) to keep up the good work. Meanwhile, nearly 2,000 miles away in Los Angeles, Kobe Bryant put pen to paper a few hours earlier on a two-year contract extension for $48.5 million. That deal ensures that Bryant, coming off a debilitating tear of his Achilles, will remain the highest paid player in the NBA through the 2015-16 season — when he’ll be 37 years old and in his 20th season. The NBA salary cap for this season is $58.6 million, and the Lakers just committed an average annual salary of $24.3 million — over 40% of the cap — to one player. In a league where Hall-of-Fame veterans such as Tim Duncan (making $10.3 million/year) and Kevin Garnett ($11.5 million/year) are routinely accepting below-max contracts to help their teams build a championship roster, Bryant’s new contract means the Lakers only have room for one other max deal. The problem with that, of course, is that the Lakers are more than one max player away from contention. They had Howard with Bryant last season, and it was barely enough to squeak into the playoffs. It seems doubtful that a 30-year-old Carmelo Anthony, should the Lakers succeed in their quest to lure him away from New York next summer, would do much more. A popular rumor over the summer was that Howard wanted the Lakers to either amnesty Bryant or offer up a firm timetable on how they planned to move on. It was never confirmed, but it made sense. If the Lakers wouldn’t cut the cord then, with Howard holding enormous leverage, how could he trust the team to move on from Bryant in the future when that leverage went away? The bottom line is that Kobe Bryant and the Lakers each prioritized security, stability and their own glamour status ahead of making the sacrifices needed to build a true contender. On the other hand, Dwight Howard — playing on a contract worth $30 million less than what he could have received in Los Angeles — sat on the bench Monday in Memphis without complaint for an entire fourth quarter. Because it was what the Rockets needed to win. Who is the selfish one, again? Podcast: Steven Adams, Mikal Bridges and Trade Possibilities for the Rockets The Houston Rockets already made one deal, acquiring center Steven Adams from Memphis for a handful of second-round picks, but we still have several days left before this Thursday’s NBA Trade Deadline. Are more deals on the way? Rumors of interest in Mikal Bridges have swirled, with the Rockets holding precious (and unprotected) first-round picks from Brooklyn. They also could use some help inside this season, which Adams can not provide. Shooting is always in demand. David Weiner joined Dave Hardisty on the ClutchFans podcast to discuss the Adams trade, its impact on the Rockets in 2024-25 and beyond, the Mikal Bridges rumors, the Brooklyn picks, other trade possibilities and options for Rafael Stone moving forward. Also discussed is the play of Houston’s core 6 prospects: Amen Thompson, Cam Whitmore, Alperen Sengun, Jabari Smith Jr., Tari Eason and Jalen Green. Rockets trade for center Steven Adams The Rockets made a surprise trade on Thursday, sending the contract of Victor Oladipo and three second-round picks to Memphis for center Steven Adams. The deal came together quickly and the Rockets had a small window to get it done, hence why this trade was made with a week to go until the trade deadline. When you consider that Memphis did this for cost savings primarily and that Adams would not play for any team in the league this season, the price seemed a little high to me. The Rockets gave up the OKC second-round pick this year, which is no big loss, but they also give up the better of Brooklyn’s or Golden State’s second-round pick this season. That’s a pretty good pick (likely in the late 30’s). They also give up the better of Houston’s or OKC’s second-round pick in 2025. If things go as planned for the Rockets, that pick should be in the 45-55 range. But they didn’t sacrifice a first-round pick, which would have been brutal, and they were not going to use all those seconds this season. So it’s just a matter of opportunity cost — who else could they have gotten for this package? My understanding is they (particularly Ime Udoka) are very high on Adams. The Rockets also did this move for cap purposes as well. By moving out the Oladipo contract, which was expiring, and bringing in Adams’ deal, which is signed for $12.4M next season, the window for the Rockets to put together a trade package for a star player is extended out until the 2025 trade deadline. They continue to wait to see which players, if any, shake loose here and become available. They want flexible (see: expiring) contracts that they can combine with assets and this gives them another year to be in that position. It’s not often that the Rockets acquire a player I had not considered beforehand but that’s the case with Steven Adams. The Rockets sorely need a big with size that provides more traditional center strengths, making Clint Capela, Robert Williams, Nick Richards or Daniel Gafford potential candidates, but Adams was overlooked for a few reasons. First, the 30-year old big man is out for the season after knee surgery cost him the entire 2023-24 campaign, so the Rockets won’t get any benefit from this trade this season. Secondly, Adams is not your traditional center either when it comes to rim protection. But what Adams does do, he’s really good at and he has some of the same strengths of Brook Lopez, who the Rockets tried to sign in the offseason. Adams is quite possibly the strongest guy in the league and a legitimate 6-foot-11 with a 7-foot-5 wingspan. He’s an outstanding screen-setter, something that could really benefit the likes of Fred VanVleet, Amen Thompson and Jalen Green. He was also an elite rebounder last season, finishing 6th in the league in caroms at 11.5 a game despite playing just 27.0 minutes a contest. After watching Jonas Valanciunas absolutely bully the Rockets inside on Wednesday, it should be apparent by now to everyone that this was a pretty big need. In 2021-22, the Memphis Grizzlies finished #2 in the West at 56-26. Their top two players in Net Rating that season were Dillon Brooks (+11.0) and Adams (+8.3), key cogs in a defense that held opponents to 108.6 points per 100 possessions. They’re both now Houston Rockets. So this adds another trusted vet to Ime Udoka’s rotation. The question is will the 30-year old Adams return to form after the knee injury? Adams sprained the posterior cruciate ligament in his right knee a year ago, which cost him the end of that season and the playoffs. He tried rehabbing it and it never got better, so surgery became the option just as this season was kicking off. I like to think the Rockets did their due diligence on that, despite the short time it took for this deal to come together, but that’s unclear. If he does bounce back, then Udoka has a big man he can turn to reliably in situational matchups or on nights when the younger bigs struggle. He wouldn’t be Boban or even Jock Landale in that scenario — he’s going to play, so the frontcourt depth in 2024-25 should be better. In the end, they got a starting-caliber center who will have no problems coming off the bench, and that’s what they were looking for. On the KPJ trade and future of the Rockets The Houston Rockets are back to being a professional NBA team once again. The Rockets finally ended the Kevin Porter Jr. era on Tuesday, coughing up two second-round picks in order to unload his contract to the Oklahoma City Thunder, getting back the contract of Victor Oladipo and third-year forward Jeremiah Robinson-Earl. The move puts an end to a long investment and very rocky tenure with KPJ. David Weiner joined Dave Hardisty on the ClutchFans podcast to discuss the Porter Jr. Experiment, the price paid to move him, Houston’s potential trade options moving forward, the new culture and the current state of the Rockets young core. Heavy investment in Kevin Porter Jr raises serious questions about Rockets front office Soon-to-be-ex Rockets guard Kevin Porter Jr was arrested last week for allegedly assaulting his girlfriend, resulting in a fractured neck vertebra and a deep gash above her right eye after an attack at a hotel in New York. He allegedly woke her up by punching her repeatedly, strangled her and did not stop hitting her until she ran out of the hotel room screaming for help and covered in blood. “This is a serious domestic violence case,” said assistant Manhattan district attorney Mirah Curzer. First and foremost, I wish the victim healing. I don’t know what to say about the nightmare she went through. She and her family will forever be impacted. As for KPJ, if this is true, he doesn’t belong on the Rockets or in the NBA at all. He belongs in jail. Secondly, this can’t be overlooked and just swept under the rug: Why did the Houston Rockets bank on and invest so heavily in this guy? Kevin Porter Jr. being accused of crimes of this severity should not be shocking – at all. Before he even came to the Rockets, he had a long list of serious problems. He was suspended multiple times in high school. In 2019, he had a “conduct issue” significant enough that USC suspended the 5-star recruit indefinitely. He fell to the end of the first round of the 2019 NBA Draft because of his behavior liability. He was accused of punching a woman in the face in Cleveland. He also had a gun and marijuana charge later dismissed after getting into a car crash. He went into a tirade and got into a nasty confrontation with both the Cleveland coach and GM, resulting in the Cavs severing ties immediately and dumping him to the Rockets for nothing. You could make the argument that initially giving Porter Jr. a second chance in Houston was praiseworthy, but the Rockets experienced KPJ’s anger management and immaturity issues firsthand on several occasions. Former Rocket Austin Rivers said this week that this isn’t the first, second or even seventh issue with Porter Jr. and that Rockets “higher-ups” confided in him that they had no idea how to handle him. “I remember talking to guys in the Houston Rockets organization, higher-ups, [and] they were having issues then,” said Rivers. “They were like, ‘We don’t know what to do with him.’ And that’s when he just got there from Cleveland!” Porter Jr. was routinely a nightmare for Rockets coaches to deal with. On several occasions, he confronted and cussed out members of the coaching staff, saying they didn’t have the “credentials”, per source, a reference to the fact that him playing heavy minutes at point guard was a decision they did not control. Once at a night out, Porter Jr. had a disagreement with a DJ over music choice and he snapped, smashing the DJ’s laptop to the floor. He needed to be restrained and removed. Rockets personnel and several of Porter’s teammates witnessed the incident. Curzer also dropped a bombshell at the arraignment in saying that Porter Jr. has a history of abusing his girlfriend, who he had only been dating since early last year, his second season with the Rockets. Curzer specifically cited an incident in which KPJ allegedly rammed his car into hers. There were dozens of maturity issues visible on the court to anyone paying attention. He refused to check out of games. He got into an argument on the bench with assistant Lionel Hollins. On numerous occasions, he would visibly shut down when he wasn’t passed the ball. I invite you to watch this video from a game against Memphis on March 20, 2022. Just listen to the Grizzlies broadcasters, particularly starting at the 1:40 mark, talk about what they are witnessing here: Privately, people around the league would say they were baffled by the Rockets continued fascination with Porter Jr. Nobody could understand it. That fascination starts with Rockets general manager Rafael Stone, who by every account over the last two years was the driving force behind the investment in Porter Jr. It has been no secret. Trading for him in January 2021 was seen by some with the team as his “Harden acquisition”, code for a signature move that makes an executive’s career, much in the way landing James Harden did for Daryl Morey in 2012. For example, former Rockets head coach Stephen Silas never considered Porter Jr. to be a point guard, per sources — playing him there was a Stone mandate because the GM believed that is where his future lied. John Wall also told us as much publicly when he explained the phone call he got from Silas about coming off the bench. He said Silas told him “This is what the GM wants,” adding again that Silas said, “Man, you don’t deserve that. You should be the starter. This is just what they want to do.” Wall was upset because he believed KPJ should have to earn the spot. “I have a hard time finding anybody outside of the Rockets front office that believes that Kevin Porter Jr. is a starting point guard in the NBA,” said ESPN reporter Tim MacMahon in December. There were plenty of warning signs about KPJ to the public too. After Porter Jr. got into a heated argument in which KPJ “physically shoved” Rockets assistant coach John Lucas and quit on the team in the middle of a game against Denver in January of 2022, leaving the arena at halftime, Sports Illustrated’s Chris Mannix famously wrote that the Rockets should “Cut Porter Jr. Waive him. Release him. Whatever. Eat what’s left of the $1.8 million he’s owed this season and the $3.2 million he’s got next and move on.” It became a source of mockery for Porter Jr’s fans, a line they would bring up after each game he hit a few threes or handed out some assists. In February of this year, ESPN’s Jonathan Givony, one of the most connected reporters in the league, flat out warned us that he was hearing awful things about the Rockets culture and locker room. He was blunt in what the Rockets needed to do — waive Kevin Porter Jr. outright and bring in a new coach and GM. “Just cut him. That’s it,” said Givony of Porter Jr. “And you’re sending a signal to the league that we’re going to do things differently from here on out.” “When you talk to people around the NBA about Houston, you just don’t hear good things about their culture, about that locker room. You talk to people that are on that team, and they are like, ‘We are a mess’,” said Givony. “Do people want to work with this organization? But you can change that fairly quickly if you come in, get rid of the bad apples and you change the coaching staff, and all of a sudden, you’re Houston. It’s the third-biggest city in America. There’s a history here of you actually being good.” Porter came to the Rockets for “free” (in exchange for a top-55 protected second-round pick, which was designed not to convey), but he proved far from it as the Rockets continued to pour investment into him. Over the last 2-3 seasons, no Rockets player got more developmental capital than Porter Jr. – not Jalen Green, not Alperen Sengun, not Jabari Smith Jr. The Fertittas paid John Wall $85+ million over two years to sit at home so the team could groom Porter Jr. to be their future point guard. Then they doubled down. With restricted free agency on the horizon and a seemingly non-existent market for KPJ’s services, the Rockets gave Porter Jr. an extension a year sooner – a contract that was presented as a four-year, $82.5 million deal. The deal was more team-friendly than that, putting team options in it after years 1 and 3. Going from the potential disaster that was initially reported to a deal they could escape after one season felt like a “win”, but the biggest question was why they wanted him long-term at all. The unprecedented nature of a contract that size with that kind of club control clearly showed the Rockets knew there was unique and significant risk here. After KPJ signed the extension, The Athletic’s Kelly Iko summarized the Rockets view of Porter Jr. – “As has been [their] stance for months, the Rockets have maintained the notion that Porter is a priority and is considered a huge part of their core, along with Green and Jabari Smith Jr.” The Rockets actions to kick off the 2022-23 season showed exactly that – that he was a priority. They benched Sengun to start the season, in large part to give KPJ a “lob threat” and defender in the starting lineup. They gave him the superstar “Harden Locker”. They introduced him last in the starting lineups. They treated him as the star and empowered him to be the self-proclaimed “Head Honcho” of Clutch City. But the extension proved unwise and foolish. Porter Jr. never even made it to the first year of it. With over $80 million on the line, he snapped again. The Rockets signed him to one of the team-friendliest deals ever and still managed to both overcommit and overpay as Stone now scrambles to attach real assets to it to get another team to take it off his books. Is it fair to question the judgment of the Rockets front office? Absolutely and without question. Whether you look at their ability to value character, evaluate risk, scout basketball, build culture, manage assets or allocate development resources, they failed at every level here. Why didn’t they act sooner? Why did they double down? Why didn’t they hold him accountable? Why did everybody in the league see it but them? “We value the player and the person that [Kevin Porter Jr.] is becoming and are eager to invest in him and his journey,” said Stone after rewarding him with the extension less than a year ago. The question you have to ask yourself now is, with all they knew and witnessed about Porter Jr. both on and off the court — why were they eager at all? Three predictions for an important Rockets offseason The 2023 offseason is critical for the Houston Rockets and here’s what we think will happen We have almost arrived to the oasis. For over two years, the “2023 Offseason” has been circled on the calendar as the turning point, the time when the Houston Rockets will switch gears and make winning a priority. With potentially $60 million in cap room and a top draft pick coming, this is the moment of truth that Rafael Stone and the Rockets front office pitched to the Fertittas when the rebuild began. Does that mean the Rockets are going to magically start winning next season? Not necessarily. But it does mean we won’t see Daishen Nix run the point for 36 minutes in the name of player development. They want to win. It’s very tough to know what will happen this offseason, given the unknown variables. The Rockets could land a top-two pick, which would bring them Victor Wembanyama or Scoot Henderson, radically boosting their future. James Harden could opt to return, which also significantly boosts their near-term prospects. But regardless of whether or not luck presents a “lifeboat” (Harden, Wemby, Scoot), here are some things I believe will happen. Also, if you have been joining us in RocketsWatch all season, first of all, thank you! We greatly appreciate all the fan support this season. But if you’ve stuck around through a tough season, you know that none of this will come as a surprise. I have been talking about these predictions since January. 1. Rockets, Stephen Silas Will Part Ways Stephen Silas is going to be let go this offseason. The original plan was for Silas to coach this season and start the next, getting a shot once the Rockets were making winning their top priority. But the bar was low this season and he still fell short. There were several times where the team needed a stronger hand and it wasn’t there. The roster wasn’t built to win, but there is no argument to be made that coaching did anything to enhance the situation. It’s important to point out that Silas got a raw deal, coming to Houston under different circumstances expecting to coach a veteran team. But this is the hand that was dealt and the Rockets have to play it. Silas may be a fine coach, but he’s not the right coach for this team and that’s all that matters at this stage. Ownership was ready to move on by midseason, but a variety of factors have led to him finishing the year. But this is going to be it. They sorely need fresh eyes and a different voice. Confidence Level: 100% 2. The Kevin Porter Jr. Starting Point Guard Experiment Will End The Rockets got Kevin Porter Jr. for free from the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2021, but he’s been anything but since. Houston paid nearly $100 million to John Wall to stay at home so they could groom KPJ as their future point guard. They also signed Porter Jr to a team-friendly four-year deal despite the fact that a much more team-friendly restricted free agency was on deck. Porter Jr. has gotten better and more comfortable at the lead guard spot in two-plus seasons, which could bode well for his future here, but it’s not near enough. He lacks ability to make advanced reads, which is one of the reasons the Rockets are dead last in corner three-point attempts. His tendency is to isolate, which is his strength, and that can create a lot of selfish basketball. In essence, the Rockets have been starting a pair of shooting guards. The Rockets love them some KPJ, particularly Stone, so I’m not saying he’s done here. He could thrive in an alternate role, if he embraces it. But the Rockets want to make a leap next season, the first year they are on the hook to Oklahoma City for their first-round pick from the costly Russell Westbrook trade. You’re probably not going to make a bigger jump than by improving the on-court leader spot. Confidence Level: 80% 3. Alperen Şengün Will Be Shopped You either believe Alperen Sengun is the next Nikola Jokic or he’s a defensive liability that is too much trouble to build around. There doesn’t seem to be much in between. Sengun is incredibly gifted offensively and is only 20 years old, so it’s very early. This is also the biggest offseason of his young career, where he won’t be preparing for EuroBasket and can specifically train for the NBA. There is no evidence at all they are looking to trade him. I’m very much going rogue with this prediction. But consider: 1. Internally he has been viewed as possibly the worst pick-and-roll defensive big in the league. 2. They started Bruno Fernando over him to open the season. 3. They rarely run the offense through him (“ŞenHub”). 4. The Rockets are not well-positioned with future draft picks to trade and likely need to move a good young player if they’re looking at any significant deals. 5. They believe bringing in a center is a high priority (though that could be as a backup to Sengun). To be clear, I’m not predicting Sengun will be dumped but rather we will hear his name floated in rumors. A lot could change — a new coach could see Alpi as key to the future, for example — but right now, given all the factors listed above, I would be surprised if Sengun is the centerpiece of this rebuild. I think he’s more likely the trade piece. Confidence Level: 60%

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The F-35 Lightning II took to the air for the first time on 15 December 2006 with chief test pilot Jon Beesley at the controls. During this maiden flight, Beesley performed a military power takeoff and executed a series of maneuvers to evaluate the handling qualities of the aircraft. The airplane flew to 15,000 feet and a maximum speed of 225 knots. The F-35 test program has since expanded the flight envelope of this first Lightning II and will continue to expand the envelope in the coming months. More importantly, this first aircraft is being used to evaluate the performance of highly sophisticated subsystems that form a baseline for subsequent F-35s. Beesley has an extensive flight test résumé that begins with graduation from the US Air Force Test Pilot School in 1979. After working on several classified programs, he became one of the first USAF pilots to fly the F-117. When he left the Air Force in 1986 to join General Dynamics in Fort Worth, Texas, he initially flew developmental flight tests for an innovative night attack system for the F-16 called Falcon Eye. This program was one of the first to use helmet-mounted displays, or HMDs, and head-steered infrared devices on a tactical aircraft. In 1990, Beesley became a project test pilot on the YF-22 during the Advanced Tactical Fighter competition. He was principally involved with evaluating and demonstrating the flying qualities of the YF-22. Many of these flights demonstrated the tremendous high angle of attack capabilities of the aircraft. Longtime Code One readers may recall his article on flight testing the YF-22, "Report From the Future," in 1991. After the US Air Force selected the F-22 as the winner of the Advanced Tactical Fighter competition, Beesley became the Fort Worth project pilot for the F-22 program. He was the second pilot to fly the Raptor and one of the lead pilots in envelope expansion flights. Over his career, he has accumulated more than 5,000 hours of flight time in more than forty-five different types of aircraft. Beesley became chief test pilot for the F-35 program in 2002. He will be in charge of flight testing all three variants to be produced: the F-35A conventional takeoff and landing, or CTOL, variant; the F-35B short takeoff/vertical landing, or STOVL, variant; and the F-35C carrier variant, or CV. Code One editor Eric Hehs interviewed him for his impressions of flying the first F-35 and for his perspective on flight testing this and subsequent Lightning II fighters. What is your strongest memory from the first flight of the F-35? The thrust impressed me most. The first flight profile called for the F-35 to immediately go to 15,000 feet. I had to keep the speed at 225 knots during the climb since I had to keep the gear down, which limited the maximum speed. I used nose attitude instead of modulating engine thrust to control airspeed during the climb to 15,000 feet. In other words, I had to raise the nose to slow down the airplane. I took off and started pulling back on the stick. I had to keep pulling back to stop from accelerating over the 225-knot limit. So I reached a rather steep angle, about twenty-five degrees of pitch. The steep angle, witnessed by the crowds on the ground, highlighted the raw power I was experiencing in the cockpit. The thrust surprised me. Not in the sense of "Gee, how am I going to handle all of this power?" But more like, "Wow, this is more than I expected." What was your overall impression of the airplane after that flight? Overall, I was impressed by how well the entire first flight came together. I started the airplane, ran through all of our ground checks, taxied out to the end of the runway, and took off. The test team told me I taxied out to the end of the runway much faster than I did for any of the taxi tests. But I was ready to go and so was the airplane. I was also pleased with how smoothly the airplane went through all the ground checks and how smoothly the airplane flew. As an example, the flap schedules on the original F-22 shook the Raptor at speeds above 200 knots. This objectionable buffet was addressed right away through a software change. Paul Metz [first pilot to fly the F-22] and I are the only two pilots who ever experienced that buffeting. I thought that I might experience some sort of buffeting with the first F-35, but I didn't. We learned a lot from the F-22. Our engineers deserve a lot of credit. In fact, many of those who completed the checkout and testing of similar systems on the F-22 Raptor are performing the same work on the F-35. To name a few prominent examples: Kevin McTeague works on electrical systems; John Magbuhat works on flight controls; Paul Thoennes works on hydraulics; and Roy Schoberle from Pratt & Whitney works on the F135 engine. Many others with similar experience did the design integration work over the last several years. We also have some seasoned veterans involved in flight testing the new airplanes, which includes Mary Beth O'Loughlin as the test conductor for the first flight. We have a great team. How has your impression of the F-35 changed in subsequent flights? I continue to be impressed with the performance of the aircraft. The F-16s flying chase don't have near the fuel capacity or payload capability as the F-35. The Lightning II does very well in comparison. For example, the F-35 often forces the chase aircraft into afterburner when it is in military power. The airplane's handling qualities continue to be very good throughout the flight envelope. When I raise the landing gear, the airplane flies very smoothly. The landing gear is sequenced, which is unique for a fighter. The nose gear comes up first, then the main gear follows. The gears drop down in reverse order. Another strong impression is that the airplane wants to fly a lot faster than we are allowed to fly at this point in the flight test program. Most of the time we fly at about thirty to forty percent of available thrust. This airplane can go out to high subsonic speeds very easily without using afterburner. Describe the basic progression of the first flight tests. On the first flight takeoff, we received an air data degrade caution message. It indicated a mismatch in the lower-level comparison in the air data system, specifically with angle of attack. However, we had no loss of capability. Simply put, readings from the right and left air data probes need to agree within a certain tolerance, and they didn't on the first flight. Because the air data system is redundant, we were able to fly on the left probe after the right one was turned off. The caution message cut the flight short, but we still managed to perform some of the planned maneuver blocks, which included throttle transients and one-half stick and pedal inputs. The handling qualities in these maneuvers were excellent with a notably smoother response and a better roll rate than I expected. The greatest accomplishment of the first flight was the performance of the subsystems. The integrated power package, electrical, electro-hydrostatic actuators, flight control computers, and other subsystems worked without a problem for the entire flight. The performance of these systems is a great testimony to the team that brought the F-35 to first flight. After the faulty probe was replaced, we performed an additional 110-knot taxi test on 4 January to calibrate the new probe. We gathered additional air data on subsequent flights during January to further calibrate the air data system. On Flight 2, we cycled the landing gear and then flew formation for the first time with the gear up. On Flight 3, we performed the first military power takeoff. On Flight 4, we performed the first low-altitude maneuvering. On Flight 5, we performed the first afterburner engine transient as well as performing other engine transient testing. On Flight 6, we conducted a fuel dump test. This test was conducted early in the flight test program to gather real-world data to inform design decisions on the fuel dump mechanization for the carrier variant, or F-35C. We performed higher angle of attack maneuvers on Flight 6 as well. On Flight 7, we evaluated the speed brake operation. The F-35, like the F-22, doesn't have a dedicated speed brake like most previous fighters. Instead, it decelerates through the flight control software by deflecting control surfaces in the same manner as the Raptor. We use the leading-edge flaps as well as the trailing-edge flaps and the rudders to slow the airplane. Unlike the F-22, the F-35A and F-35B have no ailerons. That explains why it uses a combination of leading- and trailing-edge flaps and rudders to slow down. I found that the buffet levels were very low, essentially the same as buffet levels of the F-16 with the speed brake in operation. Deceleration rates in the F-35 are similar to the F-16 as well, which is a design goal. On Flight 8, we flew the software fix for the air data system issues we saw on the first flight. The new software allowed me to use full lateral stick rolling maneuvers. Handling qualities during these rolls were outstanding with roll rates matching predictions. We had to cut this flight short because our chase aircraft had a mechanical problem. On Flight 9, we performed the first afterburner takeoff. Flight 9 was also our longest flight to that point, 1.5 hours. We took off with 3,500 pounds short of a full fuel load and landed with about 4,000 pounds of fuel remaining. So we shorted ourselves more fuel than the entire internal fuel capacity of an F-16 and still flew for 1.5 hours without aerial refueling. During Flight 9, we also flew close formations, power approaches, and maneuver blocks to sixteen-degrees angle of attack at 20,000 feet. On Flight 10, we flew with the HMD for the first time. The mission included full-stick 360-degree rolls, snap engine transients in afterburner, and close formation flying. We also landed in fifteen-knot crosswinds for the first time. Flight 11 involved several lower altitude maneuver blocks as well as maneuvering with the speed brake. Jeff Knowles, the second pilot to fly the F-35, completed his first flight on Flight 12. I took the aircraft to 30,000 feet on Flight 13, performed a touch-and-go landing, completed maneuvers to seventeen-degrees angle of attack, and cycled the aerial refueling door. As far as envelope expansion goes, we have conducted engine transients up to maximum afterburner from takeoff to 30,000 feet. We have been to 345 knots, 3.5 g's, and sixteen-degrees angle of attack and seventeen degrees with the landing gear down. We have three engines available for AA-1 but have flown only one. We want to fly as many hours as we can on it. Summing up the flying characteristics: the F-35 flies a lot like the F-22 and has the size and feel of an F-16. The F-35 is a solid and very responsive airplane. How does this test progression compare to previous fighter flight test programs you have worked? The F-35 envelope expansion and flying qualities work is similar to previous fighter programs. That similarity may give the impression that we're conducting the same tests in the same ways. But that impression is false. A superficial comparison between the development of this fighter and the development of legacy fighters neglects mission capability. Our customers are getting a whole lot more in the F-35 program. They are getting a baseline configuration with capabilities that required twenty or thirty years to develop for the F-16: infrared sensors, targeting pods, night vision systems, head-mounted cueing systems, and agile beam radars to name a few. During those years of development, the Air Force and Lockheed Martin conducted separate test programs to validate those capabilities. Those capabilities are all incorporated in this phase of the F-35 program. A truer comparison between legacy programs and the F-35 program would include the development time and cost for these additional capabilities. Are any of these capabilities and systems unique to the F-35? The F-35 has many unique capabilities. The helmet-mounted display and the integrated power package, or IPP, are two good examples. We began flying the HMD on Flight 10 and have flown with it on all succeeding flights. The HMD is much more than a helmet-mounted sight, which is flying in operational F-16s today as the joint helmet-mounted cueing system, better known as JHMCS. Our HMD also functions as a head-up display. That is, it shows all the information normally placed on the HUD, including speed, altitude, heading, and flight path information. The system is working very well, and pilots quickly forget that the flight symbology is being displayed on the helmet rather than on a conventional head-up display. We don't have a HUD on the first F-35. And we have no plans to put one in any other F-35. Putting an HMD in the first airplane is a gutsy call. We are on track with its development. The initial results of incorporating an HMD in the test program have been better than we expected. The HMD is a significant jump in technology. This system has been performing very well. The IPP, my second example, is a sophisticated turbine that acts as the auxiliary power unit on engine starts. When the engine is running, the IPP functions as an environmental control system, or ECS. When required, it also functions as an emergency power unit during emergency mode transitions. The IPP, then, performs the functions of three subsystems found on legacy fighters. The first F-35 represents a configuration of the aircraft before the company undertook a significant weight-reduction effort. Why is the program testing an aircraft that is not completely representative of subsequent production models? While the internal structure may be different, the shape of this first F-35 is almost identical to subsequent production versions. So gathering aerodynamic data on this configuration gives us an opportunity to evaluate performance characteristics on a real aircraft as opposed to making predictions using models or simulations. Additionally, testing and integrating all of the new systems in the F-35, as I described previously, gives us more than a year's head start on problems that we may encounter in testing and integrating these same systems in subsequent aircraft. Along with the HMD and IPP, other systems and features incorporated on subsequent F-35s include the F135 engine, electrical system, fuel system, electro-hydrostatic actuators, cockpit, weapon bay doors, and bay ventilation. So this first version of the Lightning II gives us an outstanding opportunity to reduce risk as we move forward with the program. Let's take the cockpit as one example of the similarities between this and subsequent aircraft. With the exception of two switches, the AA-1 cockpit is the same as the next F-35, which will be a STOVL variant. And that F-35B STOVL cockpit will be the same across all three variants. On the STOVL airplane, one switch will read "conversion" instead of "hook." All of the other switches are the same. While the engine page on the F-35B has a display that deals with STOVL, most every other display on this variant is the same as the displays on the other variants. The missions systems are the same on all three variants. This commonality reduces the total scope—and expense—of the program. We are combining into one program what would have involved three separate and independent development programs in the past. The electro-hydrostatic actuators, or EHAs, are another excellent example of risk reduction we're accomplishing on AA-1. This is the first real electric jet. The flight control actuators, while they have internal closed-loop hydraulic systems, are controlled and driven by electricity—not hydraulics. The F-35 is the only military aircraft flying with such a system. We proved that the approach works on six flights of the AFTI F-16 during the concept demonstration phase of the JSF program. We already have many more flights on EHAs on this test program. Because we are flying production versions of the EHAs on AA-1, we won't have to prove the EHA design on subsequent F-35s. What are the immediate production plans for subsequent F-35s, and how will those aircraft be used in the flight test program? Current plans call for fifteen flight test aircraft, including AA-1. The next four aircraft produced will be F-35B short takeoff/vertical landing, or STOVL, variants. These will be followed by three conventional takeoff and landing, or CTOL, aircraft. Then the first three carrier variant, or CV, aircraft will be produced followed by another STOVL aircraft and one more CV. Two more CTOL aircraft complete the production run of test aircraft. AF-1 and AF-2, the next CTOL variants to be produced, will be used for flight sciences; that is, they will be used to test aero-dynamics and flight controls and to expand the flight envelope. AF-3, 4, and 5 will be used to develop and test mission systems. We will have three F-35B, or STOVL, variants for flight sciences and two F-35Bs for testing mission systems. The first flight sciences B-model will be dedicated to STOVL operations. The other two B-models will be used to expand the flight envelope. We will have four F-35Cs dedicated to the flight test program. The first two carrier variants will be used for flight sciences. The third aircraft will be used for carrier suitability testing. The fourth aircraft will be used to test mission systems. We had as many as six aircraft devoted to testing mission systems for the F-22. We have seven aircraft in this program. Fortunately, everything we do on the F-35A for mission systems applies to the F-35B and F-35C. The variants have only minor differences in terms of antenna sizes and shapes. But the real virtue of this flight test program is that we have seven flight sciences aircraft. While the F-22 had only one true flight sciences aircraft, we need more because we have three variants as well as many external payload configurations that require testing as well. The potential external loadings on the internal weapon stations and six external hard points create a very large test matrix, which will eventually include most of the weapons carried by the F-16, F/A-18, Harrier, and A-10. What will be the biggest challenge for the flight test program? For AA-1, our biggest challenge is to be aggressive enough to find out all the things we don't yet know about the aircraft's performance. We have some real opportunities to learn how EHAs work at high speeds. Proving the HMD is another challenge. Testing the first aircraft gives our predictions for subsequent aircraft credibility. We want to knock off all the big risks with this first airplane and reduce all the other risks for future airplanes. After that, a big challenge is managing fourteen flight test aircraft in three test sites. Testing short takeoffs and vertical landings is always a challenge. First, we have to make STOVL work. We have to make short takeoffs and vertical landings as straightforward and as easy as possible. Pilots should not have to spend most of their training time on the first and last five minutes of the flight. How we mechanize transitions from horizontal to vertical flight will free up time for training skills more pertinent to the mission. Developing mission systems will be a huge challenge, and testing those systems is one of the more critical parts of the program. The CATBird, a 737 modified to carry the F-35 sensor suite and associated systems, will help us reduce risk associated with mission systems. The number of weapons and configurations to clear also represents a challenge. If pilots can't employ weapons, the airplane is of no value. And we are testing these weapons in a large envelope. The F-35 can maneuver post-stall like an F/A-18. So we have a lot ahead of us. But we are certainly up to these challenges.

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Which machine is right for you - a Cricut or a Silhouette and even more so an Explore Air 2 or a Portrait 3. The main reason I want to compare these two cutting machines in 2024 is because they are very similar in price point and sometimes that’s your biggest factor. Right now they both hover in the price range of $150-$200 but these two craft machines come with different features, advantages, and disadvantages. Personally, I feel like Cricut is the beginner friendly machine for crafters but Silhouette is going to bring you higher in design capabilities. As someone who owns both machines, let’s compare to help you decided which one to add to your craft space. What is a Cutting Machine? When I first started crafting I had no idea where to start in terms of which machine to get and what each one could do. I ended up first purchasing my first cutting machine: the Cricut Maker, followed by a Cricut Explore Air 2, and then my Silhouette Portrait 3. These machines all have one main goal and that is to cut different materials into your own designs with ease of use. You can plug in your custom designs into the software program and have the machine do all the work and truly you can create amazing crafts with them. Cricut and Silhouette have become a huge name in the crafting community and is often a subject of controversy over which craft machine company is best. There are so many factors to take into consideration like if you are a hobby crafter vs a small business, if you plan on cutting fabric or balsa wood or just paper. Maybe you want to be a sticker crafter! Now that I have tried both companies, I have to say I lean towards Silhouette machines more but before you decide with that one opinion take a look at some of the difference. We are going to compare design software, materials and blades, sizing for projects, and the pros and cons of both machines. Cricut vs Silhouette These two companies have become the competitors for the best cutting machines. In my opinion, one significant difference when it comes to these two companies you have to compare their design software. Both companies offer a free software download however the free version of each can be limiting. Both Cricut and Silhouette offer an app to use on mobile devices and iPads however, for the sake of these comparisons, I will be focusing on the Desktop versions which is what I tend to use. Understanding the differences in design software is crucial, as it determines the level of creative control and ease of use for your crafting projects. Cricut Design Space Software: In terms of beginner friendly use, Cricut is going to be the winner here. Cricut's Design Space is basic in terms of what it can and cannot do. You can pull shapes, use your own SVG images, and create layers and beautiful projects. However, in terms of true designing as in drawing or working with nodes, Design Space is going to limit you here. One of the main reasons I got into SVG design and creating my own SVG files is that Cricut has a membership that is paid monthly to access their files. The optional Cricut Access membership is around $9 a month and if you pay for a year there is a slight discount. This is a great option for those crafters who don't want to or don't have the time to create their own files (and I totally understand this). You can also opt for something like Creative Fabrica for even more files and fonts or search around for free ones! Over the 4 years of working with Cricut machines and Design Space, I have seen more and more features become paid such as the new Sticker Create feature or wavy text - both which in my opinion should be free. Also, keep in mind to use Cricut Design Space, you will also need an internet connection - so no crafting can be done when the wi-fi is a miss! Now, this being said, basically you need to be online first to be offline (that sounds so ridiculous when I type it out) but to access Design Space you have to be able to sign in and then choose to work offline. Silhouette Studio Software Let's start by looking at the different tiers of the Silhouette software: Basic (free), Designer, Designer Plus, and Business editions. Each tier is going to go up in price as well as what it can do in design function and upload/download capabilities. What I do like about Silhouette over Cricut is that Studio is a one time fee for the amazing upgrades to use all of the features. This is your free download which you can design within and import some images (but no SVG files which is the main file type that most cutting machines use). You cannot export from here so if you designed a beautiful project, you cannot then keep it stores on your desktop as an SVG. However, to get started you might want to try it out. Designer & Design Plus These next two tiers are going to add in SVG use which is huge in my opinion and almost necessary to have. They also add in more design features and align features. My suggestion would be to start basic even if you don't have a machine yet and then upgrade to here once you feel comfortable. This is the edition that I have and its going to be the most similar to Adobe Illustrator in terms of designing your own images. When I first started with Silhouette Studio I was blown away with how amazing it is in terms of making intricate designs and how many great features it includes. However, the learning curve can be steep and I am still learning how to master all the functions. If you are really looking to up your designing but you love the user experience when it comes to Cricut, you can always design in Silhouette and download in the business edition and upload into Design Space. This can be a better option for a lot of people. However, it is a little bit round about. In terms of internet connection, team Silhouette for the win - once the app is downloaded to your computer you are free to design away. This is actually a great feature as silly as it seems because sometimes you just need to be working and the internet shouldn't have a say in that. Love what you are reading? Sign up for my newsletter below to get my latest craft blogs and free SVG files sent to your mailbox. Cutting Out a Project We have designed our project, now let's talk about cutting it out. The biggest difference between the Cricut and Silhouette when you send to the machine is the set up. The Cricut Explore Air 2 has the ability for custom settings as well as the Smart Set Dial on the machine itself. I have personally set my dial to custom and then I choose from the wide variety of materials in the app. For the Silhouette I pull each piece of my design onto the page and you can set your cut settings per piece or by color or even by line - this is a main difference in the software. Again, it takes a little bit of time to learn and I am still trying to master, so the first time might be confusing. But when you have complex designs with multiple materials, this set up is actually super handy. Cricut Design Space places all your layers out by color and will sort it automatically onto its color mat. You then only have to choose your material and then send to be cut. This does mean that everything that is one color will need to be cut with the same settings, so if you have red and there is some vinyl and some paper, you'll have to make them two different reds to be on separate mats. We also need to talk about the size of our craft projects. Project sizing and cutting capabilities are essential considerations, especially if you have specific dimensions or require matless cutting for your crafting endeavors. With the Cricut Explore we are going to have a max cutting width of 11.5 inches and 23.5 inches (if you have the longer cutting mat) so in this case it is bigger than a Silhouette portrait in width. In terms of height - we can get up to 2 mm so think bonded felt or thin faux leather. Nothing too intense or hard. For the Silhouette Portrait 3 we are maxing out our width at only 8 inches but for on mat cutting we can go up to 12 inches and for matless cutting we can go up to 10 feet!! Now Cricut has recently released the Cricut Joy Extra to compete with the Portrait 3 but I have not tried it just yet. The specs are similar and right now its priced just about the same at $199. So if you are set on a Cricut but don't need that cut size - then this might be a good deal for you. The speed of these two machines can be hard to tell - I tend to turn on fast mode on my Cricut machines as often as I can while my Portrait is just automatically fast moving. So this one is a little harder to compare. The Cricut Explore Air 2 does not have the option for matless cutting, for this you would need to upgrade to the new machine (the Cricut Maker 3 or Explore 3) to have this ability. The smart materials are also available for the Cricut Joy but of course that is going to limit your size for large projects. So you will need to invest in a cutting mat (or twenty) to keep up with larger projects with a lot of colors and layers. The Portrait 3, as mentioned before, does have matless cutting for certain materials like iron-on vinyl or heat transfer vinyl. A lot of sticker makers have multiple Portraits because you can cut sticker paper matless which makes for quick and easy cutting. Blades for the Machines The versatility of materials and blades supported by each machine plays a significant role in determining the types of projects you can undertake and the precision of your cuts. Let's talk blades for the Cricut explore family, this is where you see the difference in the Cricut machines as the Maker and Maker 3 are going to have a great cutting capacity with the variety of blades. The Cricut Explore Air 2 is compatible with the premium fine-point blade, the deep cut blade, the bonded-fabric blade, and the foil transfer tool, you can also use the scoring stylus and Cricut pens in the B adapter. You cannot use the following blades with the Cricut Explore Air 2: the rotary blade, the knife blade, and the quickswap tools like the scoring wheel or perforation. You can definitely still cut some thicker materials like craft foam sheets which I use often with my shaker cake toppers but know that you cannot cut balsa wood with the Explore. They also sell an optional roll feeder but this again is only compatible with the newer Cricut machines so don't spend your money on this if you end up with an Air 2! The Silhouette Portrait 3 is compatible with the following blades: the autoblade (which is what I have and am always impressed with), the 1mm and 2mm blades, and the kraft knife blade for thicker materials like chipboard. There is also a blade just called "blade" for paper, vellum etc and I would assume this is close to a fine point blade. It also has the ability to work with the pen adapter which means you can use the sketch pen in your designs. The portrait 3 is not compatible with the engraving tools or the new heat foiling pen (which I want to try with my Cameo). The look of the machines - both machines have a sleek design. I cannot complain about the aesthetic of these machines. However, the Portrait is only coming in white while the Explore Air 2 comes in a variety of colors to match your craft space: Mint, Black, Lilac, Raspberry, Rose, Fuschia, Gold, and Blue. You might even get lucky and find some of the limited colors like Peacock or Boysenberry out at a craft store. If this is important to you, then you will definitely be leaning towards the Air. I personally have the Mint color, I don't even remember how or why I picked it - I think it was just on sale... I'm a budget girlie! Pros and Cons of Each Machine Examining the pros and cons of each machine offers valuable insights into their strengths and weaknesses, acting as a compass to navigate the vast landscape of crafting possibilities. By carefully considering the advantages and limitations of the Cricut Explore Air 2 and the Silhouette Portrait 3, you can chart a course towards selecting the ideal companion for your crafting endeavors. For instance, while the Cricut Explore Air 2 boasts user-friendly features and versatile cutting options, it may be hindered by its software limitations and lack of matless cutting capability. Conversely, the Silhouette Portrait 3 shines with its advanced design software and matless cutting functionality, yet its learning curve and smaller cutting width may pose challenges for some users. Through this thoughtful evaluation, you gain a clearer understanding of how each machine aligns with your crafting needs and preferences, guiding you towards making a well-informed decision that enhances your creative pursuits. Pros of the Cricut Explore Air 2 - Easy to use and a beginner friendly cutting machine. You truly can plug your Cricut machines in, download the Cricut Design Space app and begin crafting within 10 minutes. I am not saying this isn't possible with the Silhouette family of machines but Cricut is truly a new users dream when it comes to cutting machines. - Has an adaptive tool system to switch through a few different blade options like the deep point blade or even the foil transfer tool. This opens up a lot of great options for your materials. - Has a great cutting capacity in terms of size width at 11.6 inches which is great for 12 x 12 cardstock cuts and paper crafting in general. Plus a lot of materials come in 12 in widths. - Of my two Cricut machines, this one is my preferred machine just because I feel like it is faster and gives me more precise cuts but that is definitely a personal opinion. My print and cut is also much more precise than my Maker. - You can use the scoring stylus and Cricut pens for your designs, there is an A B adapter system here so you don't need to switch between the stylus and the blade in one given project. - Set cut settings on the dial for quick set up or use the custom setting to open options for materials - this makes swapping out mats quick when crafting. Cons of the Cricut Explore Air 2 - Software isn't as advanced in terms of design - you are limited with what you can create from scratch. Plus you cannot download your designs from Cricut Design Space, so if you wanted to sell your SVG files, you cannot get them off their app. - Monthly fee to use all parts of Cricut Design Space which limits some of the design options and as they add new features they seem to keep making them for Access Members only. - No matless cutting so your max length is going to be 23.5 inches on the longer Cricut cutting mat. If I am honest, I have never needed to cut anything that long but I know a lot of small businesses do long decals so I know having this option can be important to some crafters. - Mats separated by color and no way to set material settings per object. I know you can just put the object on its own mat to switch between but sometimes I want a light cut and a cut through on some of my designs... this is a a no go for Cricut. Pros of the Silhouette Portrait 3 - Advanced software for designing your own SVG files and projects. Some of my favorite features are the pop up card maker - literally just grab an image, click the pop up button and adjust, you now have a pop up insert. So cool! And the fill the page feature which makes duplicating and maxing out space a breeze. - Set up multiple materials and cut settings on one mat for different parts of your design - this just means I can cut faster. Vinyl, paper, and HTV all on one project? I can cut all of these at once if they fit on my mat. - Long cuts are possible with the matless cutting option and backed materials (you will need a roll feeder for this). Again, I might never use this or maybe I will, it's just nice to have the option. Plus some cardstock settings are available matless and the sticker pros love to use the Portrait 3 because of this. - One time price for the Silhouette Studio versions rather than a monthly fee and you get access to all these amazing features and advanced design tools forever. Plus you can download your SVG files to your desktop and sell them if you are inclined! Cons of the Silhouette Portrait 3 - Smaller width cuts maxing out at 8 inches wide - they say for a mat cut the max will be A4 paper which is 12 inches long. - Not mentioned above but the Silhouette family has been known to be a louder machine and I'm not going to lie the first time I used it I thought something was wrong but thats just the machine. - There is a learning curve when crafting with this machine, it's not as beginner friendly. This just means it takes a little more effort to master, my suggest is to make Youtube videos your best friend during your craft journey. So which is the perfect cutting machine? Navigating between the choices of cutting machines can indeed be challenging, especially when you've developed a preference over time, like my recent lean towards Team Silhouette. However, it's essential to reflect on your own crafting journey and priorities before making a decision. Consider factors such as the materials you'll be working with, your budget, and the scale of your projects. Keep an eye out for deals and discounts, especially as companies introduce newer models and phase previous models. I snagged my Silhouette Portrait 3 at a steal for around $75, proving that patience and timing can pay off handsomely. Right place, right time??? Regardless of which machine you ultimately choose, rest assured that it will unlock a realm of creative possibilities for your crafting endeavors. From crafting exquisite cards to crafting vibrant stickers and even DIY party decorations, the sky's the limit with a cutting machine by your side. Personally, my crafting machines have been instrumental in my growth as a creator, allowing me to explore new techniques and develop my own unique designs to share with fellow crafters in the community. So, dive in with excitement and anticipation, knowing that your cutting machine will be a faithful companion on your crafting journey, enabling you to express your creativity in ways you never thought possible.

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Best Countries For IVF Treatment Are you searching for hope overseas? Perhaps you’ve been struggling with fertility issues and are exploring options for IVF treatment outside your home country. Finding the right destination for this deeply personal and significant journey is crucial in ensuring the best chances of success. That’s why we’re here to guide you through the process, revealing the best countries for IVF treatment. Imagine embarking on a journey where hope meets expertise, where you find solace in a foreign land filled with compassionate professionals and cutting-edge medical facilities. In this blog, we’ll explore the top countries renowned for their excellence in IVF treatments and discuss why they have become go-to destinations for hopeful parents like you. We understand the emotional rollercoaster you may be experiencing right now, and it’s our mission to provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision and find hope on your path to parenthood. Let’s dive in and discover the best countries that offer a ray of hope for IVF treatment. So what are the best countries for IVF treatment abroad? Top 10 countries for IVF treatment abroad If you’re considering IVF treatment outside your home country, Europe should definitely be on your radar. Renowned for its expertise in reproductive medicine, Europe offers a range of exceptional destinations for those seeking hope and success on their fertility journey. In recent years, seeking IVF treatment abroad has become increasingly popular among couples facing fertility challenges. This comprehensive guide will unveil the top 10 destination countries for IVF treatment, providing valuable information to those considering this option. These countries have gained recognition for their advanced medical facilities, experienced professionals, favourable IVF laws, and high success rates. Most popular IVF destinations: - Spain, the Czech Republic, Greece, North Cyprus, Portugal, Latvia, Denmark, Poland, Mexico, and Barbados are the top countries for IVF treatment. - Each country’s summary includes information on IVF law, treatment availability, age and marital status requirements, average IVF success rates. - Patients seeking IVF treatment abroad can find hope and expertise in these countries, with modern facilities, high success rates, affordable options, and high-quality care. - Consulting this comprehensive guide will help individuals make an informed decision and find hope on their path to parenthood. When searching for the right country for IVF treatment, consider these crucial factors: - Legal Regulations: Different countries have varying laws regarding age limits, eligibility of single individuals or same-sex couples, and donor anonymity. Understanding these legal aspects is vital. - Success Rates: Look into the success rates of IVF treatments in potential countries, as these can vary significantly. - Cost: Costs can vary widely between countries. Consider both the treatment costs and additional expenses like travel and accommodation. - Healthcare Quality: Research the quality of medical facilities and the expertise of medical professionals in the country. - Cultural and Language Barriers: Consider language and cultural differences, which might impact your comfort and understanding during the treatment process. - Post-Treatment Support: Investigate the level of post-treatment care and support available, including follow-up consultations and assistance with potential complications. - Selecting a country for IVF treatment requires balancing these factors with your personal needs and circumstances to find the best fit. Spain: A Leading Destination for Fertility Treatment Spain has emerged as a leading destination for couples seeking fertility treatment. With its advanced medical facilities, expertise in reproductive medicine, and supportive legal framework, Spain offers a range of options for those pursuing IVF treatment. Let’s explore why Spain is considered a top choice: Legal Aspects and Treatment Availability in Spain Spain has a well-established legal framework for assisted reproductive techniques, including IVF. The Spanish law permits IVF for married and unmarried couples, as well as single women. It provides a safe and inclusive environment for individuals from diverse backgrounds who are looking to start a family through assisted reproduction. Age Restrictions and Guidelines in Spain While the age limit for IVF treatment can vary slightly across clinics, Spain generally allows women up to the age of 50 to undergo IVF, ensuring that older patients also have an opportunity to realize their dreams of parenthood. However, specific guidelines regarding age limits may vary, so it is advisable to consult with the chosen clinic for accurate information. Success Rates and Quality of Care in Spain Spain has consistently shown high success rates in IVF treatment, attracting patients from around the world. The country’s fertility clinics are equipped with state-of-the-art technology and employ highly skilled professionals, including renowned medical speciain the field of reproductive medicine. The combination of excellent medical expertise and dedication to patient care contributes to the high success rates witnessed in Spain. For a detailed guide on IVF in Spain for international patients visit our special section: IVF in Spain – Costs, Availability and Success Rates For more information about IVF treatment in Spain, visit the Spanish National Fertility Association (SEF). The Czech Republic: Modern Facilities for IVF Treatment The Czech Republic has emerged as one of the top destinations for IVF treatment, offering modern facilities and a favorable environment for couples seeking fertility solutions. Let’s explore why the Czech Republic has gained such recognition in the field of assisted reproductive technology. IVF Law and Treatment Availability in the Czech Republic IVF treatment is available to heterosexual couples only in the Czech Republic. This rule does not apply to single women, lesbian couples, or male couples who wish to undergo IVF treatments together. Moreover, the age limit for IVF treatment in the Czech Republic is among the most lenient in Europe. While some countries impose strict age restrictions, the Czech Republic allows women up to the age of 49 to undergo IVF treatment, considering their individual health conditions and the likelihood of a successful outcome. Advanced Facilities and Expertise The Czech Republic boasts state-of-the-art fertility clinics and advanced medical facilities equipped with the latest technologies. These facilities are staffed by highly qualified and experienced reproductive specialists, ensuring that patients receive top-notch care throughout their IVF journey. The country’s commitment to excellence in reproductive medicine is evident in its consistently high success rates. While exact statistics may vary between clinics, the average IVF success rates in the Czech Republic are encouraging, providing hopeful prospects for couples desiring to start or expand their families. More information on IVF treatment in the Czech Republic is available here: IVF in the Czech Republic – Costs, Availability, Success Rates. Greece: A Popular Destination for IVF Treatment Greece has emerged as a top destination for individuals seeking high-quality IVF treatment. Renowned for its exceptional medical facilities, experienced doctors, and affordable treatment options, Greece offers a welcoming environment for couples and individuals from around the world. Let’s explore why Greece is a popular choice for IVF treatment. IVF Law and Treatment Availability in Greece In Greece, IVF treatment is strictly regulated by the Greek National Authority of Assisted Reproduction, ensuring that patients receive safe and ethical care. The country is known for its liberal legislation, allowing IVF treatment for both married and unmarried individuals, offering inclusivity to diverse individuals and couples seeking fertility assistance. In Greece, women up to 54 years old are eligible for IVF treatments. However, women over 50 years old – in order to qualify, they must provide additional medical documentation and proof from their doctors that they meet the eligibility requirements. There is no gender-based limitation on male partners receiving IVF treatment in Greece. Average IVF Success Rates in Greece When considering IVF treatment abroad, success rates are a crucial factor. Greece boasts impressive success rates, thanks to the use of cutting-edge technology and the expertise of its fertility specialists. While success rates can vary depending on factors such as age and individual circumstances, Greece’s clinics have achieved commendable results, giving hope to those pursuing their dream of having a baby. More information on IVF treatment in Greece is available in our guide to IVF in Greece – Costs, Availability, Success Rates. Resources and National Fertility Association For individuals seeking more information about IVF treatment in Greece, the Hellenic Society of Reproductive Medicine serves as a valuable resource. This esteemed association provides guidance, support, and the latest updates on infertility treatments, making it an essential reference point for those considering Greece as their IVF destination. You can visit the Greek National Authority of Assisted Reproduction to access comprehensive information and connect with reputable clinics. Greece’s combination of beautiful surroundings, warm hospitality, and exceptional medical expertise makes it an attractive choice for those seeking IVF treatment abroad. Along with its accommodating IVF legislation, Greece offers a safe and supportive environment for individuals and couples, ensuring a positive experience throughout their fertility journey. North Cyprus: High Success Rates for IVF Treatment North Cyprus has emerged as a popular destination for couples seeking In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatment. The country not only offers stunning landscapes and a warm climate but also boasts high success rates in IVF procedures. Let’s take a closer look at why North Cyprus has become a top choice for individuals seeking fertility treatment. IVF Law and Treatment Availability in North Cyprus In North Cyprus, the legal framework for IVF treatment is favorable and welcomes both domestic and international patients. The country has a progressive approach allowing patients up to 58 years old, married couples, as well as single women and same-sex female couples to have an IVF treatment. This inclusivity makes North Cyprus an attractive option for individuals who may face limitations in their home countries. Average IVF Success Rates in North Cyprus One of the key factors that sets North Cyprus apart is its high success rates in IVF treatments. The country has invested in advanced medical technology and highly skilled fertility specialists, resulting in impressive success rates for patients. While success rates can vary depending on various factors, including the age and health of the individuals undergoing treatment, North Cyprus consistently ranks among the top destinations for successful IVF outcomes. For individuals interested in pursuing IVF treatment in North Cyprus, it is important to have access to reliable and up-to-date information. You may find all the information you need on our guide to IVF in North Cyprus – Costs, Availability, Success Rates. In conclusion, North Cyprus offers a compelling combination of favorable IVF laws, high success rates, and comprehensive support for patients seeking fertility treatment. Whether you are a married couple or a single individual, this destination provides a welcoming environment for individuals pursuing their dreams of parenthood. Portugal: Affordable IVF Treatment Options Portugal is emerging as a popular destination for couples seeking affordable IVF treatment options. With its competitive prices and high-quality medical care, Portugal offers a compelling choice for those considering fertility treatment abroad. IVF Law and Regulations in Portugal: In Portugal, the law surrounding IVF treatments is progressive and favorable for patients. The country allows IVF treatments for both heterosexual and same-sex couples, ensuring inclusivity and equal access to fertility services. Portugal also permits the use of donor gametes, including sperm and eggs, providing a range of options for patients. IVF treatment is widely available in Portugal, with numerous clinics offering comprehensive fertility services. The country boasts a robust healthcare infrastructure, ensuring that patients receive top-notch medical care throughout their treatment journey. From initial consultations to advanced procedures, such as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) and PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening), Portugal’s fertility clinics are well-equipped to provide the necessary treatments. Women are eligible for IVF treatment up to the age of 50 years. This applies to all Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) techniques. Whether married or in a committed relationship, individuals can pursue IVF treatment without restrictions based on their marital status. IVF Success Rates in Portugal While specific IVF success rates may vary among clinics, Portugal boasts a competitive track record in terms of treatment outcomes. To gain a better understanding of success rates, patients can refer to individual clinic data or consult with their chosen healthcare provider. Furthermore, it is recommended to evaluate success rates in conjunction with other factors, such as the clinic’s experience, patient demographics, and individual circumstances. Portugal offers affordable IVF treatment options with progressive laws and regulations. The country provides equal access to fertility services for both heterosexual and same-sex couples, with no age limits or marital status restrictions. Patients can explore various clinics, assess success rates, and seek guidance from the guide: IVF in Portugal – Costs, Availability, Success Rates for a well-informed decision. Latvia: Fertility Treatment with Latest Technology When it comes to fertility treatment, Latvia stands out as an attractive destination due to its cutting-edge technology and advanced medical facilities. Let’s explore why Latvia is a top choice for individuals seeking fertility treatments. IVF Law and Treatment Availability: Latvia has progressive laws regarding IVF treatment, making it accessible to both married and unmarried individuals. There is no specific age limit imposed for undergoing IVF treatment, ensuring that individuals of various age groups have the opportunity to pursue their dreams of parenthood. This means that clinics have the discretion to decide on the age limit for their patients – and usually the limit is set up to 50 years old. Expertise and Accreditation One of the key reasons why Latvia is considered a leading destination for fertility treatment is its utilization of the latest technological advancements. The country boasts state-of-the-art clinics equipped with advanced laboratory facilities, ensuring the highest standards of care and precision during IVF procedures. Latvia is home to highly skilled fertility specialists who are renowned for their expertise in the field. These professionals have gained international recognition for their contributions to the fertility industry. Additionally, fertility clinics in Latvia often hold accreditations from reputable organizations, guaranteeing the quality and safety of their services. One of the key reasons why Latvia is considered a leading destination for fertility treatment is its utilization of the latest technological advancements. The country boasts state-of-the-art clinics equipped with advanced laboratory facilities, ensuring the highest standards of care and precision during IVF procedures. Average IVF Success Rates in Latvia While success rates can vary based on various factors, including age and individual circumstances, Latvia has consistently showcased impressive IVF success rates. These rates are on par with global standards, with many clinics achieving success rates that provide hope and confidence to patients. For more information on IVF treatment in Latvia read our special guide: IVF in Latvia – Costs, Availability, Success Rates. By choosing Latvia as your fertility treatment destination, you can benefit from its advanced technology, progressive laws, experienced professionals, and noteworthy success rates. The country’s commitment to innovation and high-quality care ensures that patients receive the best possible chance of realizing their dream of starting or expanding their family. Denmark: IVF Treatment with High Quality Care Denmark is widely recognized as a leading destination for IVF treatment, offering patients high-quality care and exceptional success rates. With its advanced healthcare system and supportive fertility legislation, Denmark has become a top choice for individuals and couples seeking assisted reproductive technologies. IVF Law and Treatment Availability in Denmark In Denmark, the reproductive rights of individuals are upheld and protected. The country offers inclusive laws that allow access to IVF treatment for all patients, regardless of marital status or sexual orientation. This welcoming approach makes Denmark a particularly appealing option for those facing potential restrictions in their home countries. According to Danish legislation, fertility treatment is not permitted for women over the age of 46. This effectively sets the maximum age limit for receiving fertility treatment, including IVF, at 45 years. Moreover, marital status does not affect a person’s eligibility for IVF treatment in Denmark, providing a sense of inclusivity and support for individuals and couples alike. IVF Success Rates in Denmark Denmark boasts consistently high success rates in IVF treatment, which is one of the primary reasons why it has gained international recognition in the field of reproductive medicine. Data reveals that the average success rate for IVF procedures in Denmark is around 30-35%, offering hopeful prospects for patients embarking on their fertility journey. For further information and resources, patients can refer to the Danish Fertility Society, the national fertility association in Denmark. This organization serves as a valuable source of guidance, support, and up-to-date information on IVF treatment and related services in the country. Denmark stands out as a sought-after destination for individuals and couples seeking IVF treatment. With its inclusive laws, open-minded approach, and exceptional success rates, Denmark offers a welcoming environment and high-quality care for patients embarking on their fertility journey. More information on IVF treatment in Denmark is available here: IVF in Denmark – Costs, Availability, Success Rates. Poland: IVF Treatment Option for International Patients Poland has emerged as a popular destination for international patients seeking high-quality IVF treatment options. With its advanced medical facilities and experienced healthcare professionals, Poland offers a reliable and efficient solution for couples who are looking to start or expand their families through IVF. Here is everything you need to know about IVF treatment in Poland for international patients. IVF Law in Poland Poland is known for its supportive legal framework surrounding IVF treatment. The country has well-defined regulations that ensure the safety and ethical practice of assisted reproductive technologies. The law allows IVF treatment for married couples only, providing them with equal opportunities to pursue their dreams of parenthood. Poland does not permit IVF for same-sex couples. Poland has a well-established network of fertility clinics that cater to the needs of international patients. These clinics offer a wide range of IVF treatments, including standard IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and egg or sperm donation programs. The clinics maintain high standards of care and follow stringent protocols to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients. In Poland, there is no upper age limit for women seeking IVF treatment. However, the decision to proceed with the treatment is made on an individual basis, taking into consideration the woman’s overall health and the potential risks associated with advanced maternal age. It is common for clinics to assess the medical history of patients and perform thorough evaluations before proceeding with IVF treatment. Average IVF Success Rates in Poland: The success rates of IVF treatment in Poland are commendable, with many clinics achieving high pregnancy rates. However, it is important to note that success rates may vary depending on individual factors such as age, underlying medical conditions, and previous fertility history. It is advisable to consult with your healthcare provider or fertility specialist to get a better understanding of your personal chances of success with IVF treatment. Detailed information on IVF treatment in Poland may be found here: IVF in Poland, Costs, Availability, Success Rates. Mexico: Cost-Effective IVF Treatment Mexico has emerged as an increasingly popular destination for individuals and couples seeking cost-effective IVF treatment. With its affordable prices and high-quality medical care, Mexico offers a viable option for those looking to undergo IVF abroad. In Mexico, there are no explicit laws restricting IVF treatment based on age or marital status. This means that individuals and couples, regardless of their age or relationship status, can access IVF treatment without facing legal barriers. Moreover, Mexico provides a supportive environment for international patients seeking fertility treatments, as the country embraces medical tourism. When it comes to the availability of IVF treatment, Mexico boasts a wide range of clinics and fertility centers that are equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and cutting-edge technologies. Whether you’re considering in vitro fertilization, egg donation, surrogacy, or other assisted reproductive techniques, you can find reputable clinics across the country that cater to various fertility needs. Average IVF Success Rates in Mexico While specific success rates may vary among clinics, Mexico has a track record of achieving favorable IVF success rates comparable to those in many developed countries. It’s important to note that success rates can depend on several factors, including the age and health of the individuals undergoing the procedure. To gain a better understanding of the success rates for IVF treatments, prospective patients can consult individual clinics or fertility specialists in Mexico. These professionals can provide personalized guidance based on an individual’s unique circumstances. National Fertility Association in Mexico: For detailed information on IVF treatments and the fertility landscape in Mexico, individuals can refer to the Asociación Mexicana de Medicina de la Reproducción (AMMR). This national fertility association serves as a valuable resource, offering insights into IVF procedures, legal frameworks, and advancements in reproductive medicine in Mexico. The AMMR’s website provides comprehensive information on fertility clinics in Mexico, including detailed profiles and contact information. This allows patients to explore different options and connect with specialized clinics that best suit their specific needs. Barbados: Cost-Effective IVF Treatment Barbados is a hidden gem when it comes to cost-effective IVF treatment. This beautiful Caribbean island not only offers stunning beaches and a relaxed atmosphere, but also top-notch medical care for individuals and couples seeking fertility treatment. IVF Law and Treatment Availability in Barbados Barbados has a progressive legal framework that allows for the provision of IVF treatment to both local and international patients. There are no explicit restrictions based marital status, making it an inclusive and accessible option for anyone in need of fertility assistance. In Barbados, the age limit for women undergoing IVF treatment is 49 years. This means that IVF services are accessible to women up to the age of 49. It’s important to note that there are specific guidelines and requirements for patients in different age groups, especially those approaching the upper age limit. As for male partners, there is no specified maximum age limit for participating in IVF treatment in Barbados With regards to treatment availability, Barbados is home to several reputable fertility clinics that specialize in IVF and other assisted reproductive techniques. These clinics are staffed with experienced medical professionals and boast state-of-the-art facilities to ensure the highest standard of care. One of the standout features of IVF treatment in Barbados is its affordability. The cost of treatment in Barbados is often more competitive compared to other countries, making it an attractive option for individuals and couples seeking cost-effective solutions. Despite the affordable prices, the quality of medical care in Barbados is not compromised. The clinics uphold strict standards and employ advanced technologies to maximize the chances of success for patients. Average IVF Success Rates in Barbados While specific success rates may vary depending on each individual’s unique circumstances, Barbados has achieved commendable success rates for IVF treatment. Read more on IVF treatment in Barbados in our guide here: IVF in Barbados – Costs, Availability, Success Rates Best Countries for IVF Treatment – Conclusion In conclusion, if you are considering IVF treatment abroad, these top 10 destination countries offer exceptional options. Spain, the Czech Republic, Greece, North Cyprus, Portugal, Latvia, Denmark, Poland, Mexico, and Barbados provide advanced IVF treatments and have supportive regulations that cater to patients of various ages and marital statuses. When making your decision, to select the best IVF clinics in a country, it is crucial to consider the average IVF success rates in each country. This information can help you select a destination that maximizes your chances of achieving a successful pregnancy. Additionally, we recommend visiting the IVF Abroad section of our website for each country to access further resources and connect with reputable clinics. Don’t let geographical barriers limit your journey to parenthood. Take the first step towards your dream family today.

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Mar 29, 2024 ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED on Chrome: What It Is and How to Fix It ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED is an error message that you may see when using Google Chrome to access a website. Although frustrating, it usually indicates a client-side issue that is simple to resolve. This guide will explain what the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error is and how to troubleshoot it using 11 different methods. |This site can’t be reached This page is unavailable Unable to connect Hmmm…can’t reach this page |Faulty internet connection Google synchronization error Bad Google Chrome extensions Antivirus, firewall, or VPN interference Outdated browser or DNS cache What Is the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED Error? The ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error message appears on Google Chrome when the browser’s attempt to connect to a web page is refused. On Mozilla Firefox, this error produces the “Unable to connect” message. Meanwhile, Microsoft Edge displays “Hmmm…can’t reach this page” when the issue occurs. In most cases, ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED is a client-side error, which means that an issue on your machine has caused it. However, in rare cases, the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error in Chrome can be caused by the target web server. If you’re seeing ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED on localhost though, the solution to your problem will be related to localhost as well. Learn How to Fix ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED With Hostinger Academy Learn how to fix the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error on your web browser. 11 Methods to Fix ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED This section will explore 11 methods to fix the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error in Chrome. The methods are mostly beginner-friendly, although some of them are advanced. We will walk you through each step, making the troubleshooting process as painless as possible. Let’s start. 1. Check Whether the Website Is Down The ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error can sometimes be caused by issues with the website itself, such as server downtime. Before trying out the other methods, check if the site is accessible. If the website is down for everyone, all you can do is wait for the website administrators to fix the issue. If not, the problem undoubtedly lies in your machine, and you can try the following methods. Learn how to prevent website downtime and deliver a flawless user experience in this article. 2. Restart Your Network Router You can often fix a faulty internet connection by simply restarting your router. Whenever you have connection issues, this method is always worth trying. To restart your network adapter, locate your router and unplug the power. Wait 10-30 seconds before plugging the power back on. Once you’ve reconnected to the internet, try reaccessing the website. 3. Troubleshoot Internet Connection Windows and macOS have built-in tools for troubleshooting connection issues. The troubleshooter can pinpoint the problem and offer possible fixes. Follow these steps to start the connection troubleshooter on a Windows machine: - Open Settings using the Start menu or pressing the Windows key + I. - Navigate to the Network & internet menu. - Press the Troubleshoot button. - Select the network adapter you want to diagnose and click Next. - Wait until the system finishes analyzing the issues. - If issues are found, apply the suggested fixes. - Close the troubleshooter and reboot the system. For Mac users, here’s how to start the internet troubleshooter: - Disconnect or unplug all external devices except your monitor and keyboard. - Turn off the system. - Turn the system back on while pressing and holding D. - Choose your preferred language. - Wait until Apple Diagnostics has finished running. - If the system identifies issues with your connection, it will suggest possible solutions. - Apply the suggested solutions and reboot the system. Try revisiting the problematic web page after running the troubleshooter on your system. If the issue persists, try the other methods. 4. Turn Off Synchronization to Google Problems with Google’s synchronization may cause the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error in Chrome. Here’s how to turn off synchronization on Google Chrome: - Open the three dots menu located to the right of the address bar. - Select Settings. - Go to Sync and Google Services -> Turn off. Check whether the error is solved. Don’t forget to turn on the synchronization again after browsing the website. 5. Check Google Chrome Extensions Google Chrome extensions are great for extending Chrome’s functionality and improving the overall browsing experience. However, many extensions are made by third-party developers and are not closely monitored by Google. Therefore, an outdated or problematic Google Chrome extension may be causing the error. We suggest checking all the extensions installed on your Google Chrome browser. Make sure that they are all recently updated and uninstall any outdated ones. This is also an excellent opportunity to disable Chrome extensions that are weighing down your browser. It’s vital to regularly audit installed extensions to prevent speed issues and security threats. To remove a Google Chrome browser extension, follow these steps: - Navigate to Chrome’s three dots menu -> More tools -> Extensions. - In the Extensions menu, find the extension you want to uninstall and click Remove. Finally, check whether you can access the website after uninstalling the extension. 6. Reinstall Chrome Your current Google Chrome installation may have issues causing the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. The easiest way to revert Chrome to its original settings is to uninstall and reinstall it again. But before you do this, consider a quicker way to revert the Chrome browser to its original settings by resetting it. Follow these steps to reset Chrome: - Open Chrome. - Navigate to the three dots menu -> Settings -> Advanced. - Click Restore settings to their original defaults. - Select Reset settings. If the error still appears, proceed to reinstall the Chrome browser. Here’s how to do it on Windows: - Open Chrome. - Download the latest version of Google Chrome to your computer. - Open Settings -> Apps -> Apps & features. - Find Google Chrome in the App list, expand the three dots menu, and click uninstall. - After Chrome is successfully uninstalled, run the previously downloaded Chrome installer. 7. Disable Antivirus and Firewall The purpose of antivirus and firewall programs is to protect your computer from security threats like viruses and malware. These programs regularly scan your files and network traffic for malicious activity and block them from infecting your computer. However, antivirus and firewall programs are not perfect. Sometimes, they can block safe websites, preventing users from accessing them. Instead of opening the website normally, the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error may appear on your browser instead. Temporarily disabling the antivirus and firewall might fix this error. That said, make sure that the website you’re trying to access is safe before you try this method. Here’s how to disable the antivirus software and firewall on Windows if you’re using the default Windows Defender Firewall: - Access Windows Security by going to Settings -> Privacy & security. - Click Virus & threat protection. - Under Virus & threat protection settings, select Manage settings. - Switch off Real-time protection. - Go to Firewall & network protection. - Open each network profile – domain network, private network, and public network and disable Microsoft Defender Firewall. If you’re using a macOS machine, follow these steps to turn off the built-in firewall temporarily: - Click the Apple logo at the top left corner. - Select System Preferences -> Security and Privacy. - Select the Firewall tab to expand its settings. - Click the lock icon and enter your username and password. - Once it’s unlocked, select Turn off Firewall. - Click the lock icon again to prevent further changes to the firewall settings. If you use third-party antivirus and firewall software, the steps to disable it will be specific to the software. We recommend studying the software’s documentation to learn how to do it correctly. Keep in mind that you should only disable your antivirus and firewall software temporarily. You risk getting viruses or malware if you keep them off. After trying this method, quickly restore the antivirus and firewall software to its original state. 8. Deactivate Your VPN For many people, having a VPN is essential for ensuring their online privacy. A VPN lets users mask their actual IP address, making them appear to be browsing the internet from another location. However, some VPNs might interfere with the connection and trigger the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error in Chrome. Deactivating the VPN temporarily may fix the issue. Most VPN services make activating and deactivating VPN easy. For example, here’s how to deactivate NordVPN: - Open the NordVPN client. - Make sure you’re connected to a server and select Disconnect. - Select how long you want to pause the VPN connection for. Don’t forget to reconnect to the VPN once you’re done trying this method. 9. Clear Browser Cache The browser cache is where Chrome stores cookies, login data, and other information to speed up the website loading process and personalize the user experience. It’s possible that your browser currently stores an outdated cache of the problematic website, triggering the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. Clearing the browser cache will force your browser to fully reload the website’s data, updating the cache to its latest version. Another way to quickly open a web page without using the existing cache is to open the website in incognito mode or use a different browser. If the error message still appears, go ahead and clear your browser cache in Chrome: - Navigate to the three dots menu -> More tools -> Clear browsing data. - In the Time range drop-down menu, select All time. - Make sure that all the browsing data, including browsing history, cookies and other site data, and cached images and files are selected. Then, click Clear data. Try reaccessing the problematic website. If the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error message persists, proceed to the following method. 10. Flush DNS Cache The browser cache is not the only place where website data is kept locally on the client’s computer. Every computer also stores a Domain Name System (DNS) resolver cache stored in the operating system rather than the browser. Flushing the DNS cache will force your computer to redownload the latest DNS information of the website, which might fix the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. For Windows users, follow these steps to flush the DNS cache: - Open the start menu and search for Command Prompt. - Right-click it and select Run as administrator. - Type in this command and press Enter: netsh winsock reset catalog - Next, type in the following DNS flush command and press Enter again: If you use macOS, here’s how to clear the DNS cache: - Click the Spotlight Search button, search for Terminal, and open it. - Type in the following command in Terminal and press Enter: sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder - Enter your password when prompted to begin the DNS cache flush. Once the DNS resolver cache is cleared, try to reaccess the problematic website and see if the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error message persists. 11. Configure Proxy Server Settings Aside from VPNs, people also use proxy servers to protect their privacy online. A proxy server lets you browse under a different IP address and filter communication and cache data. However, a proxy server can also cause connection issues like ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED. There can be a variety of causes, such as incorrect proxy configuration, caching errors, or the web server blocking the proxy and the IP address attached to it. It’s also possible that the proxy you’re using has gone offline. So, if you’re using a proxy, it’s worth checking whether its settings are correctly configured. Here’s how to check proxy settings on a Windows system: - Open Control Panel. - Navigate to Network and Internet -> Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings. - Make sure to uncheck both Automatically detect settings and Use a proxy server for your LAN (These settings will not apply to dial-up or VPN connections). - Click OK. If you use macOS, here’s how to access proxy settings and adjust them: - Click the Apple logo -> System preferences. - Open proxy settings in Network -> Advanced -> Proxies. - Uncheck all selectable proxy protocols. - Click OK. Once your proxy is disabled, try reloading the web page. If the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED persists, there’s one final method you can try. 12. Change DNS Server An overloaded or inactive DNS server can be the culprit of ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED. By default, every internet user uses their internet service provider’s (ISP) DNS server address. You’re free to change the DNS address if you need to. To find out if your current DNS server is causing the problem, try changing your default DNS address to one of the following: - Google Public DNS: 126.96.36.199 or 188.8.131.52 - Cloudflare DNS: 184.108.40.206 or 220.127.116.11 - OpenDNS Home: 18.104.22.168 or 22.214.171.124 - AdGuard DNS: 126.96.36.199 or 188.8.131.52 - Quad9: 184.108.40.206 or 220.127.116.11 Here’s how to change your DNS settings on Windows: - Open the Start menu -> Settings -> Network & internet. - Select the internet connection you want to assign the new DNS to. In this tutorial, we’ll select Wi-Fi. - Open Hardware properties. - Next to DNS server assignment, click Edit. - If it’s set to Automatic, change it to Manual. - Choose the internet protocol version (IPv) that your ISP requires. Most ISPs use IPv4 by default, but some require IPv6 addresses. - In this example, we’ll switch to Google Public DNS. Enable IPv4 and enter Google Public DNS’s Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server. - Some DNSs are encrypted, which is better for security. To make sure encryption is enabled, choose Encrypted preferred, unencrypted allowed for each DNS address. - Click Save. Here’s how to change the DNS servers on macOS: - Click the Apple logo -> System Preferences. - Open Network. - In the left sidebar, select the network you want to assign the new DNS to. - After the network is selected, click Advanced. - In the new window, open the DNS tab. - Remove the existing DNS servers. - Click + to add the new DNS server addresses. - Enter your preferred public DNS address. In this example, we’ll use Google Public DNS. - Click OK. Unfortunately, custom public DNSs can run into problems as well. If you happen to use a custom DNS server already, try reverting to your ISP’s original DNS as this can sometimes fix the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. Find Out the Ways to Solve Other Similar Errors How to Fix the ERR_CACHE_MISS How to Fix the ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED How to Fix the ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS How to Fix the ERR_CONNECTION_RESET Error How to Fix the ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT Error How to Fix the ERR_CONNECTION_CLOSED Error How to Fix the PR_END_OF_FILE_ERROR Ways to Fix INET_E_RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND Error How to Fix “Your Connection Is Not Private” Error ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED is a client-side error that can be caused by a variety of factors, including an unreliable internet connection, Chrome extension issues, antivirus and firewall interference, and incorrect internet settings. In this guide, we went over 11 methods to solve the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. These methods include: - Checking if the website is down - Restarting your network adapter - Troubleshooting your internet connection - Turning off synchronization to Google - Checking Google Chrome extensions - Reinstalling Chrome - Disabling antivirus and firewall - Deactivating VPN - Clearing cache - Flushing DNS cache - Configuring proxy server settings - Changing the DNS server address We hope that one of these methods has helped you fix the ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error. If the error persists, we recommend contacting your hosting provider for help. Here are some frequently asked questions about ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED. Why Do Some Sites Refuse to Connect? Some sites may refuse to connect due to issues such as server downtime, network connectivity issues, DNS problems, or firewall settings. Additionally, some sites may be blocked by a user’s ISP or by government censorship, while others may be down temporarily for maintenance or updates. What Is the Difference Between an ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED Error and an ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT Error? An ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error occurs when the destination server actively rejects a connection attempt, while an ERR_CONNECTION_TIMED_OUT error occurs when the destination server does not respond within a set time frame. The former indicates a server-side issue, while network connectivity issues can cause the latter. Can I Prevent ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED Error from Happening? As an end-user, you cannot prevent an ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED error from happening since it indicates a server-side issue. However, you can try refreshing the page, clearing your browser cache and cookies, checking your network connectivity, or contacting the website administrator to resolve the issue.

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Global Reactor Fuel Rods Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report, Forecast Period, 2022-2028 The study examines the drivers, restraints, and regional trends influencing Reactor Fuel Rods Market demand and growth. The report also addresses present and future market opportunities, market trends, developments, and the impact of Covid-19 on the Reactor Fuel Rods Market, important commercial developments, trends, regions, and segments poised for the fastest growth, competitive landscape, and market share of key players. Further, the report will also provide Reactor Fuel Rods Market size, demand forecast, and growth rates. What we cover in the report? Reactor Fuel Rods Market Drivers & Restraints The study covers all the major underlying forces that help the market develop and grow and the factors that constrain the growth. The report includes a meticulous analysis of each factor, explaining the relevant, qualitative information with supporting data. Each factor's respective impact in the near, medium and long term will be covered using Harvey balls for visual communication of qualitative information and functions as a guide for you to analyze the degree of impact. Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis This report discusses the overview of the market, the latest updates, important commercial developments and structural trends, and government policies and regulations. This section provides an assessment of COVID-19 impact on Reactor Fuel Rods Market demand. Reactor Fuel Rods Market Size and Demand Forecast The report provides Reactor Fuel Rods Market size and demand forecast until 2028, including year-on-year (YoY) growth rates and CAGR. Reactor Fuel Rods Market Industry Analysis The report examines the critical elements of Reactor Fuel Rods industry supply chain, its structure, and participants Using Porter's five forces framework, the report covers the assessment of the Reactor Fuel Rods industry's state of competition and profitability. Reactor Fuel Rods Market Segmentation & Forecast The report dissects the Reactor Fuel Rods Market into various segments. A detailed summary of the current scenario, recent developments, and market outlook will be provided for each segment. Further, market size and demand forecasts will be presented along with various drivers and barriers for individual market segments. By the product type, the market is primarily split into: - Metal Nuclear Fuel - Ceramic Nuclear Fuel - Dispersed Nuclear Fuel By the application, this report covers the following segments: - Nuclear Energy - Military Industry Key Company Profiles This report presents detailed profiles of Key companies in the Reactor Fuel Rods industry. In general, each company profile includes - an overview of the company, relevant products and services, a financial overview, and recent developments. The report provides a comprehensive list of notable companies in the market, including mergers and acquisitions (M&As), joint ventures (JVs), partnerships, collaborations, and other business agreements. The study also discusses the strategies adopted by leading players in the industry. Top Key Players Covered in Reactor Fuel Rods market are: - Areva S.A. - Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries - Larsen & Toubro Limited - State Atomic Energy Corporation - Westinghouse Electric Company LLC. - United Heavy Machinery Plants - China National Nuclear Corporation - China Nuclear E&C Group Regional Market Analysis The report covers detailed profiles of major countries across the world. Each country's analysis covers the current market scenario, market drivers, government policies & regulations, and market outlook. In addition, market size, demand forecast, and growth rates will be provided for all regions. Following are the notable countries covered under each region. North America - United States, Canada, Mexico, and Rest of North America Europe - Germany, France, United Kingdom (UK), Russia, and Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific - China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC Rest of the world - Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Nigeria, South Africa, and other countries Executive Summary will be jam-packed with charts, infographics, and forecasts. This chapter summarizes the findings of the report crisply and clearly. The report begins with an Executive Summary chapter and ends with Conclusions and Recommendations. What are the key data covered in this Reactor Fuel Rods market report? • CAGR of the market during the forecast period • Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the Reactor Fuel Rods market between 2023 and 2028 • Precise estimation of the size of the Reactor Fuel Rods market and its contribution to the parent market • Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior • Growth of the Reactor Fuel Rods market across APAC, North America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and South America • A thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors • Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of Reactor Fuel Rods market vendors Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Objectives 1.2 Research Methodology 1.3 Research Process 1.4 Scope and Coverage 1.4.1 Market Definition 1.4.2 Key Questions Answered 1.5 Market Segmentation Chapter 2:Executive Summary Chapter 3:Growth Opportunities By Segment 3.1 By Type 3.2 By Application Chapter 4: Market Landscape 4.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 4.1.1 Bargaining Power of Supplier 4.1.2 Threat of New Entrants 4.1.3 Threat of Substitutes 4.1.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.1.5 Bargaining Power Among Buyers 4.2 Industry Value Chain Analysis 4.3 Market Dynamics 4.4 Pestle Analysis 4.5 Technological Roadmap 4.6 Regulatory Landscape 4.7 SWOT Analysis 4.8 Price Trend Analysis 4.9 Patent Analysis 4.10 Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 4.10.1 Impact on the Overall Market 4.10.2 Impact on the Supply Chain 4.10.3 Impact on the Key Manufacturers 4.10.4 Impact on the Pricing Chapter 5: Reactor Fuel Rods Market by Type 5.1 Reactor Fuel Rods Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 5.2 Reactor Fuel Rods Market Overview 5.3 Metal Nuclear Fuel 5.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.3.4 Metal Nuclear Fuel: Geographic Segmentation 5.4 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 5.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.4.4 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel: Geographic Segmentation 5.5 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 5.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview 5.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 5.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 5.5.4 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel: Geographic Segmentation Chapter 6: Reactor Fuel Rods Market by Application 6.1 Reactor Fuel Rods Market Overview Snapshot and Growth Engine 6.2 Reactor Fuel Rods Market Overview 6.3 Nuclear Energy 6.3.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.3.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.3.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.3.4 Nuclear Energy: Geographic Segmentation 6.4 Military Industry 6.4.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.4.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.4.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.4.4 Military Industry: Geographic Segmentation 6.5.1 Introduction and Market Overview 6.5.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size (2016-2028F) 6.5.3 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 6.5.4 Others: Geographic Segmentation Chapter 7: Company Profiles and Competitive Analysis 7.1 Competitive Landscape 7.1.1 Competitive Positioning 7.1.2 Reactor Fuel Rods Sales and Market Share By Players 7.1.3 Industry BCG Matrix 7.1.4 Heat Map Analysis 7.1.5 Reactor Fuel Rods Industry Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 7.1.6 Top 5 Reactor Fuel Rods Players Market Share 7.1.7 Mergers and Acquisitions 7.1.8 Business Strategies By Top Players 7.2 AREVA S.A. 7.2.1 Company Overview 7.2.2 Key Executives 7.2.3 Company Snapshot 7.2.4 Operating Business Segments 7.2.5 Product Portfolio 7.2.6 Business Performance 7.2.7 Key Strategic Moves and Recent Developments 7.2.8 SWOT Analysis 7.3 HITACHI-GE NUCLEAR ENERGY 7.5 MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES 7.7 LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED 7.8 STATE ATOMIC ENERGY CORPORATION 7.10 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC COMPANY LLC. 7.12 UNITED HEAVY MACHINERY PLANTS 7.14 CHINA NATIONAL NUCLEAR CORPORATION 7.15 CHINA NUCLEAR E&C GROUP Chapter 8: Global Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 8.1 Market Overview 8.2 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 8.2.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 8.2.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 8.2.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 8.3 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 8.3.1 Nuclear Energy 8.3.2 Military Industry Chapter 9: North America Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 9.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.2 Impact of Covid-19 9.3 Key Players 9.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 9.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 9.4.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 9.4.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 9.4.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 9.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 9.5.1 Nuclear Energy 9.5.2 Military Industry 9.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country Chapter 10: Europe Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 10.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.2 Impact of Covid-19 10.3 Key Players 10.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 10.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 10.4.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 10.4.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 10.4.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 10.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 10.5.1 Nuclear Energy 10.5.2 Military Industry 10.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 10.6.7 Rest of Europe Chapter 11: Asia-Pacific Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 11.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.2 Impact of Covid-19 11.3 Key Players 11.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 11.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 11.4.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 11.4.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 11.4.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 11.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 11.5.1 Nuclear Energy 11.5.2 Military Industry 11.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 11.6.6 New Zealand 11.6.7 Rest of APAC Chapter 12: Middle East & Africa Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 12.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.2 Impact of Covid-19 12.3 Key Players 12.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 12.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 12.4.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 12.4.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 12.4.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 12.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 12.5.1 Nuclear Energy 12.5.2 Military Industry 12.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 12.6.2 Saudi Arabia 12.6.6 Rest of MEA Chapter 13: South America Reactor Fuel Rods Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2016-2028 13.1 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.2 Impact of Covid-19 13.3 Key Players 13.4 Key Market Trends, Growth Factors and Opportunities 13.4 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Type 13.4.1 Metal Nuclear Fuel 13.4.2 Ceramic Nuclear Fuel 13.4.3 Dispersed Nuclear Fuel 13.5 Historic and Forecasted Market Size By Application 13.5.1 Nuclear Energy 13.5.2 Military Industry 13.6 Historic and Forecast Market Size by Country 13.6.3 Rest of SA Chapter 14 Investment Analysis Chapter 15 Analyst Viewpoint and Conclusion Methodology/Research ApproachThis research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. The following illustrative figure shows the market research methodology applied in this report. |Historical Data (2015-2019) |Market Forecast (2021-2026) Market Size Estimation Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global Voluntary Carbon Offset market size market and estimate the market size for Company, regions segments, product segments and Application (end users). The market estimations in this report are based on the marketed sale price of Voluntary Carbon Offset (excluding any discounts provided by the player, distributor, wholesaler or traders). The percentage splits, market share, and breakdowns of the product segments are derived on the basis of weights assigned to each of the segments on the basis of their utilization rate and average sale price. The regional splits of the overall Voluntary Carbon Offset market and its sub-segments are based on the percentage adoption or utilization of the given product in the respective region or country. Major Company in the market is identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top Company; whereas, primary research included extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs and marketing executives. The percentage splits, market share, Growth Rate and breakdowns of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources. All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from Market Intellix and presented in this report The following figure shows an illustrative representation of the overall market size estimation process used for this study. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub-segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report. Secondary sources include such as press releases, annual reports, non-profit organizations, industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data, etc. This research study involves the usage of widespread secondary sources, directories, databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), and TRADING ECONOMICS, and News Network, statista, Federal Reserve Economic Data, annual reports, BIS Statistics, ICIS; company house documents; CAS(American Chemical Society); investor presentations; and SEC filings of companies. Secondary research was used to identify and collect information useful for the extensive, technical, market-oriented, and Hospitals study of the Voluntary Carbon Offset market. It was also used to obtain important information about the top companies, market classification and segmentation according to industry trends to the bottom-most level, and key developments related to market and technology perspectives. |Market Position of Top Company In the primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. The primary sources from the supply side include product Company (and their competitors), opinion leaders, industry experts, research institutions, distributors, dealer and traders, as well as the raw materials suppliers and producers, etc. The primary sources from the demand side include industry experts such as business leaders, marketing and sales directors, technology and innovation directors, supply chain executive, end use (product buyers), and related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the global market. Primary research was conducted to identify segmentation Type, product price range, product Application, key Company, raw materials supply and the downstream demand, industry status and outlook, and key market dynamics such as risks, influence factors, opportunities, market barriers, industry trends, and key player strategies. Key Executives Interviewed Key Data Information from Primary Sources |Market Segments(by Application, by Type)

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2024-04-24T12:52:37Z

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History of the Church Maronite Community in Easton (1880-1901) From the arrival of the first Kfarsghabiyi, Karam and Hala Abi Arab in 1880 to 1901, there were no official settlements of Kfarsghabiyi in America, so the Maronite’s attended Latin Rite churches wherever they lived, mainly in Philadelphia. In late 1900, the First Group of the Second Wave of immigrants, a group of about a dozen Lebanese, having grown dissatisfied with the dismal prospect of earning a livelihood from the stubborn northern Lebanese soil, set out to stake their claim on the mythical riches in the new land of Australia. But, while waiting for days in the crowded, damp room that was used to hold passengers in transit, the Lebanese noticed that European passengers were boarding certain ships without any problems whatsoever. Puzzled, fortunately they found a Lebanese shipping agent in Marseilles and asked why it was that others wishing to board for Australia were able to do so with such ease, while they had been kept waiting for days. The group was told that those in the fast moving lines were not headed for Australia, but for another land, America, which none of the group knew much about. Some of the group, bored with waiting for the Australian ship and growing ever more restless, suggested that they board the next ship going to America. A dispute then arose among the group when deciding to go to America. By chance, group member, Dahoud Saba, met some people from our neighboring village, Blouza, who used to immigrate temporarily to New York City and come back to Lebanon every other year. Dahoud met a man from Blouza named Yousef Ishaq (Khatun) who was going to New York. The people from Blouza would temporarily immigrate to New York and then come back to Lebanon every year. Yousef Ishaq ended up being the son of Khatun, a woman who was from Blouza but living in the neighboring village of Bane. She was known in Kfarsghab because she was a midwife and the children of Kfarsghab knew her children in the monks’ school in Bane. Also, one of her sons used to be instructed by our Father Yousef Mubarak who was instructor. So the brave Dahoud Saba – who was curious and wanted always to know from where people were coming and where they were going – started asking Yousef Ishaq questions. Yousef informed him that he was going to New York and that it was his third trip in five years. Dahoud started asking about the work and the living conditions in New York and was informed that they were excellent, and that all the people from Blouza, Bsharri, Ayto and the North who went there were successful and that some of them started settling there with their families. Yousef Ishaq assured Dahoud Saba by saying: “Don’t be afraid, O Kfarsghabi, what will happen to us, will happen to you. We will count you as one of us. I will introduce you to the Faour family, Daniel Faourr and his brothers George and Dominic. They are from Haddeth El Gebbeh in Bsharri. They have a big store for selling goods to peddlers like us… And they have a bank, they help people through it, they keep what we earn and give us interest.” Dahoud felt then more confident and decided to travel to New York. He assembled his father and the rest of the group and informed them of what the Blouzani had told him saying: “I’m not going to Australia, even if they give it to me [for free]. I’m not going back home from Marseille, my friends will scorn me. Either I go to New York, or I’ll throw myself in the sea.” Dahoud resolved to go to New York, alone even if no other members of his group wanted to go. His companions, and among them his father Saba, wanted to go back to Beirut, then from there to Australia through Alexandria and Port Said. His companion’s wanted to go back to Beirut, then from there to Australia. But Dahoud has left back in the village his wife, ‘Afifeh, and their children, Rashid and Layla [and found it difficult to go back unsuccessful]. And the members of the group did not have enough money to stay longer in Marseille till the situation improved. As the Late Saba Danyel [father of Dahoud] knew some English learnt in Australia, he did not want his son to travel alone to the United States. The group agreed to draw straws for going or not to the United States, and the ones who wanted to go stood on one side and the others stood on the other side. The entire group left for the United States and this is how America opened up to the First Kfarsghabiyi group thanks to Dahoud Saba and the people from Blouza. The group arrived in the Fall of 1901 and consisted of David (Dahoud) Saba, Saba Danyel (father of Dahoud), Abraham Saad and his son, Saad, Barbara Saad and her mother, Naomi Bahri (Naomi Bahri died Sept. 8, 1905 and is buried in Bethlehem, Pa.), Elias Canone, George Elias Daniel, Mawad and Barbara Badway, Michael and Saltony Stevens (Beir), Joseph and Salha Nehme and son Ameen, Peter Haddad, and Martha Shumar. When they second wave of immigrants arrived in New York in the Fall of 1901, they had little or no knowledge of English. Upon arrival to New York, the shipping agent introduced the Kfarsghabiyi group to Jirjis (George) Faour, a prominent Lebanese business man, who himself had immigrated to Boston in 1888 from Lebanon alongside his brothers Daniel and Dominic. In New York, Faour assisted in establishing many of the newly arrived Lebanese, providing them with peddling supplies include combs, brushes, pins, and rosaries and in return the immigrants would promise to purchase all goods from him to sell. Faour had setup multiple Lebanese groups whom had emigrated from different villages in groups, in different communities to sell merchandise. Faour had similar operations in Scranton and Philadelphia. Faour accompanied the immigrants on a train to their new and well-chosen destination, Easton Pennsylvania. Easton was chosen as the destination for the group from Kfarsghab simply because Faour had no sellers in the area. Upon reaching that destination, the immigrants would disembark and immediately begin selling their wares as agents of Mr. Faour, who never left the train station, but always returned immediately to New York. Faour provided living quarters in a basement of a house on Ferry Street and came every month to collect money for the sold goods, and to provide more merchandise. The Kfarsghabians promised Faour that they would purchase from him all the goods which they might sell. After many years of physical hardship and problems in overcoming the language barrier, the immigrants began to acquire meager dwellings of their own and eventually most were united in this new world. By 1929 there were about 300 Lebanese in Easton and Faour became a wealthy man starting his own bank however the Great Depression wiped out Faour’s bank. Maronite Community in Easton (1901-1928) From 1901 to 1916, the Kfarsghabiyi who had emigrated to Easton, attended Mass at St. Bernard’s, St. Joseph’s, and St. Anthony’s, which was a small chapel located above Gazzetta’s garage on South Bank Street. It’s priest, Father John Dario, was sent by the Archdiocese of Philadelphia to administer to the Italian people and to help build a church. The Italians purchased 321 Lehigh Street, an old Jewish synagogue, and demolished it in 1915. With the help of the parishioners, the new St. Anthony’s church was completed in 1916. The Italians opened their church and their hearts to the Lebanese, including them in all church functions. Father Dario allowed them to hold devotions, novenas, and the Stations of the Cross in Arabic. The Immaculate Conception society was formed in 1925, with Anthony Sar as its first president. Father Dario also welcomed the Maronite priests who served from 1916 through 1929: Father Istfan (Stephen) Korkemaz, the two Father Yazbeks (Chor-Bishop Joseph Yazbek, and Father Anthony K. Yazbek) and Msgr. Louis Zouwien (also translated Louis Zouain). Father Istfan (Stephen) Korkemaz was welcomed by the Italian Priest, Father John Dario of St. Anthony’s in Easton to hold devotions, novenas, and the Stations of the Cross in Arabic. Father Korkemaz travelled the Middle Atlantic region performing the rituals of the Maronite Rite for the growing Lebanese communities. Father Joseph Yazbek continued the tradition of serving the Maronite Community in Easton. Father Joseph was an older priest, who had previously served at Our Lady of the Cedars in Boston, MA from 1895 to 1925, a time throughout when he would hold services in Easton. Father Yazbek was elevated to the rank of Chor-Bishop and became a leader of the Maronites in the US. Father Anthony K. Yazbek, the cousin of Father Joseph Yazbek, continued the tradition of serving the Maronite community throughout the 1910’s and 1920’s. Father Louis Zouwain administered to the Lebanese as a visiting priest. He would make at least two visits a year to hear confessions. Father Louis was the final priest before an official pastor was assigned to the Maronite Community in Easton. In 12 short years, St. Anthony became too small for the growing Italian community, and plans for a new church, rectory and school were made. The site at 9th and Lehigh Streets was chosen and Father Haron invited the Lebanese to continue to be members of the church. The old St. Anthony’s Church at 321 Lehigh Street had been vacated by the Italian community upon moving to the new church at 9th and Lehigh Streets. Maronite Community in Easton (1929-1951) (First Church) In 1929 the Maronites explored the possibility of purchasing the old St. Anthony’s Church, 321 Lehigh Street. A committee headed by John Boulous Sassine, John Jabbour, Peter Shaheen, Jacob Yaoob Joseph, Joseph Francis Samia (Joe Sam), John Badway Karam, and Anthony Sar met with the Archbishop of Philadelphia. John Boulous Sassine Chaired the Committee, and it became known as the Sassine Committee. The asking price of the church was $18,000, a large sum of money during the Great Depression; but with perseverance and patience, Through the exhausting fundraising efforts of the Sassine Committee the goal was reached. The Sassine Committee visited several Maronite parishes in Scranton, Wilkes Barre, Utica, Newark, Philadelphia, and Providence, R.I. and soon the down payment was realized. While closing costs were in progress, the Archbishop sent Father Emmanuel El Khoury Hanna, who stayed with us for a short time, from 1929 to 1931. He performed the first marriage, between Joseph Baurkot and Genevieve Baurkot on October 26, 1930. On April 1, 1931, permission was received to open the church and rename it Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church. Reverend Francis Lahood, our First Pastor, said the First Mass on April 1, 1931. The first baptisms were twin girls, Elizabeth and Esther born to Msayheeya and John Karma Simon, on April 19, 1931. The first marriage, after the dedication of the church was between Joseph Peter Isaac and Catherine Elias Canone on September 4, 1931. The first confirmation was administered to Luke Shaheen on May 13, 1932 by Bishop O’Hara of Philadelphia. The first funeral was Margaret Sar Young on April 2, 1931. Our Church would not be complete without he generosity of the late Susie Unis Lahood, who refurbished the hall, and to the late Minette Abel for her gifts of the Baptismal Font, (which is still in use to this day), for the Altar Linens, the Statues, and the monetary gifts. Father Lahood was instrumental in teaching the Arabic Mass, Hymns, and Devotions to the newly formed Choir. He remained with us until April 1933. He returned unofficially to build the two Side Altars, which he replaced with marble. Father Lawrence Birgmanos, a Latin Priest stayed with us from April 1933 until Father Hanna Nehme came in late 1933. Father Nehme continued to teach the Arabic singing of the Mass. In 1934, he formed the Saint Theresa’s Sodality with Geraldine Burkot Boulous as its First President, Josephine Ferhot as its Vice President, Jean Bentz as its First Secretary, and Susan Thomas as its First Treasurer. Father Nehme taught he Sodality the entire St. Theresa Service in Arabic and these services were held weekly. The Solidarity has always been active in the church, and is the “Right Arm” of the priests who came later. Father Nehme is credited with creating the Annual Pilgrimige to the St. Theresa Shrine in Newton, New Jersey which existed for a number of years. Father Nehme also founded the short lived, Immaculate Conception Society. The Immaculate Conception Society was dissolved in 1935. Father Nehme left in 1936. Father Ignatius Sayegh came in 1936 after founding Saint Anthony’s Maronite Church in Danubury, Connecticut in 1932. He was a dedicated priest and served the parish well. Father Sayegh was greatly interested in the Sodality movement. Father Sayegh is credited with building a stronger spiritual program for the benefit of the individual soul in the Parish. He died unexpectedly in 1941. Our next Pastor was a Latin Priest, Father William Magee who served from 1941 to 1952. Father Magee adapted well to the Maronite customs; and the Choir adapted well to the singing of the Latin Mass. Maronite Priests visited frequently from Philadelphia, New York, and Wilkes Barre. Father Magee began various fund-raising campaigns to help defray parish expenses and to reduce the mortgage with the help from groups including the Saint Theresa Sodality. Father approved Haflis and Mahrajans. He started May Processions with Dorthy Karam Mawad as the First May Queen. He burned the mortgage on the Church. Father Magee’s comfort to all during the war years will always be remembered. Father placed American Flags on the Main Altar— for each soldier; as each soldier came back safely, a Special Mass of Thanksgiving was said, and a flag was removed from the Altar. One flag will always remain there— the one for Airman Charles Loholdt, who died somewhere over Europe in 1944. A Testimonial Dinner was given for Father Magee on May 30, 1952 by the parish and friends just before he was transferred. Maronite Community in Easton (1952 – 1972) (Second Church) In May 1952, Father Norman S. Peter, came to us from the Diocese of Buffalo. His parents were Maronite, and Father was ordained in the Latin Rite. Father Peter was taught the Maronite Mass in English Phonetics by Reverend Joseph Solomon of Scranton, PA. Archbishop O’Hara of Philadelphia obtained permission from Rome for Father to also celebrate the Maronite Mass; thus he became the first American born Lebanese Priest of the Latin Rite to offer the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass in two Rites; Latin and Maronite. Merhej Sasine assisted Father in the celebration of the Maronite Mass. In the 20 years Father Peter served us, he made many innovations. The envelope system (.25¢ a week) of collection was started; the Choir was taught the Jinnaz and Bukhoor Hymns, 323 Lehigh Street was purchased; the Rectory was extended; a Youth Center was opened for the MYO; a kitchen and bar were added to the church hall. In the flood of 1955, the Blessed Sacrament was removed to St. Bernard’s Church for safekeeping. A Holy Name Society both Senior and Junior was formed; also a St. Theresa’s Junior Sodality. And, Father Peter celebrated his Silver Jubilee of Ordination to the Priesthood. Changes in the Liturgy were made at the Second Vatican Council; The Maronite Mass was to be said in English as well as Arabic. On March 9, 1966, an Exarchate was formed in North America with His Excellency Bishop Francis M. Zayek as its Head. Our Lady of Lebanon then came under the jurisdiction of the Exarchate. In 1966, the mortgage for 323 Lehigh Street was burned after Midnight Mass that Christmas. After World War II, the Lebanese Community in Easton razed a thriving, clos-knit multiethnic, and multi-racial neighborhood populated b Lebanese and Italian immigrants, their descendants and African Americans that was centered around the church on Lehigh Street. In 1969, Lehigh Street came under the ax of the redevelopment authority. Easton’s “Lebanese Town” was eradicated in stages by a series of renewal projects. In 1969, when the Redevelopment Authority demolished the church on Lehigh Street, Our Lady of Lebanon was relocated to 4th and Ferry streets, and the Rectory to 54 S. 4th Street. The Lebanese were scattered throughout the city and townships. The memories of Lehigh Street live forever and ever, in the hearts of all Kfarsghabiyi who knew it as their first home and haven in America. On January 5, 1969 the First Baptism in the new church were twin boys, Thomas and Timothy, born to Rita Isaac and Gerald Colver. The First Marriage was between Joseph Canone and Judith Briener on June 7, 1969. The First Funeral was for Maragrent Najeeb Herbert. Father Peter died on March 15, 1972. Maronite Community in Easton (1972 – 1980) From March 15 to September 1972, three priests served the parish, Reverend George Wehby (Later Vicar General of St. Maron’s Diocese), Msgr. Peter Eid, and Reverend Jerome Pavlik, a Franciscan Priest. On March 22, 1972, the Exarchate became the Diocese of St. Maron, New Yor,k, U.S.A. In September 1972 Father Bernard Khachan became our Pastor. Father Khachan served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton for 2 years. Under the guidance of Father Khachan plans were formulated, and funds were set aside for the expansion of the church. Amongst his many accomplishments, he formed an Arabic School, and formed an active Youth Program. Father Khachan’s main focus was to keep the youth of the parish together, and to involve them more in the parish. Father Khachan’s mission was one of deep religious principles, where he is remembered for his grace, dignity and an open heart. He will always be known for holding Lebanon alive and close to his heart while serving abroad. In October 1974, Father Khachan was transferred to San Antonio, Texas. His successor was Reverend Hares D. Zogheib who arrived from Saint Elias Maronite Church in Roanoke Virginia in October 1974. During the six years Father Zogheib was with us, the church hosted the 13th NAM Convention in October 1978. The parking lot adjacent to the church was purchased. Reverend Hares Zogheib and George Boulos started the annual Heritage Day tradition with just a few tents and a couple of grills in 1978. Now the festival has grown to a crowd of 10,000 plus and continues to grow. Father celebrated his Silver Jubilee on Ordination to the Priesthood. On September 14, 1975, Deacon Anthony Koury was ordained a Sub-Deacon of the Church by the most Reverend Francis M. Zayek, Bishop of St. Maron’s Diocese, U.S.A. Heritage Day was started in 1978. Father Zogheib was transferred to New Castle, PA in January 1980. Maronite Community in Easton (1980-2006) (Second Church Rebuilt) Reverend Sammy Hayek, came to us from New Castle, PA in January 1980. Under the guidance of Father Sami the number of parishioners flourished. Amongst his many accomplishments, he formed a closer relationship between the younger and older generation in the Maronite community. Father Sami established a strong and effective C.C.D. program, enlisting the Sisters of St. Joseph as instructors. Under his guidance a youth choir which sings the Maronite Mass in English was established. In his final days in Easton, Father Sami purchased a television for the Church Hall. Father Sami’s mission was one of total service to the Maronite community, where he is remembered for his magnificent eulogies, kindness, purposefulness, and his sound judgement. Under the tutelage of Father Sami Heritage Day continued to be a unifiying experience for the parish life. Under Father Sami’s guidance the Cedarettes, a Lebanese Folk Dance Group, was formed. Father Hayek had an active Advisory Board. From 1997 through 2006, the C.C.D. program was been expanded; a very active M,Y.O, under the leadership of John and April Shaheen began functioning as well, the St. Theresa Sodality took on many humanitarian causes, helping those less fortunate not only here, but overseas as well. In 1981, the Golden Jubilee of the Parish and the 100th Anniversary of the First Kfarsghabi immigration to the United States of America was celebrated. On July 11, 1982, Sub-Deacon Anthony Koury was ordained a Permanent Deacon by Archbishop Zayek. In 1983, plans were formulated to demolish the old church and erect a new church and hall on the same site. Pledges made by the parishioners started the building fund. As a result of the monies raised between 1983 and January 1986, we were able to demolish the old church and hall. Construction started in the spring of 1986 and was completed in -October 1986. During that time, the Maronite liturgy was celebrated by Rev. Sami Hayek in St. Joseph’s Catholic Church in Easton. We are deeply indebted to the priests and parishioners of St. Joseph’s Church for their kindness in allowing us to share their church with them for the period of construction. On October 18, 1987, the first liturgy was offered in the new church. The present church can seat four hundred people and the hall can accommodate five hundred people. This church and hall comprise the first complex that was entirely their own from the beginning since the two previous churches were purchased from other congregations. In December of 1979 when Father Sami arrived, the church had a $9,000 Oil Bill and a need for a new sanctuary. By the end December 1986, the Maronite Community had a new church and social hall. The project was a result of his instituting of a fund-raising campaign that gathered nearly $300,000, for this project that Father Sami saw as a priority from his first day in Easton. On July 30, 2006, Msgr. Sami Hayek, pastor from January 1980 to July 23, 2006, was honored at a retirement celebration hosted by the parish. He was the main celebrant at a Liturgy of Thanksgiving in the church followed by a banquet attended by 530 people at the Holiday Inn in Fogelsville, Pa. The celebration was coordinated under the leadership of Father Kamil A1-Chouefati, assisted by Deacon Anthony Koury. Maronite Community in Easton (2006 – Present) (Maronite Identity) In January of 2006 and assumed leadership of the parish on July 23, 2006, Father Kamil Al-Chouefati came to our parish from St. Anthony’s Maronite Church in Glen Allen, Virginia. From January to July 2006, Father Kamil became acquainted with the parishioners in order to one day assume the leadership of the parish. Under the guidance of Father Kamil the MYO and MYA of the church flourished. Father Kamil began to involve the youth in more roles in the church and the youth became more active. Additionally Father Kamil changed the structure of the annual heritage days, and under his tutelage the Heritage Days continued to flourish. Amongst his many accomplishments he had put up the ten commandments in stone at the exit of the church. Father Kamil was transferred in October 2008 to the Maronite Mission in North Carolina. Father Paul Damien came to Easton from Saint Peter and Paul Maronite Church in Tampa, Florida in October 2008. Under the guidance of Father Paul the Holy Name Society was established. Additionally under Father Paul the church saw several Scholarship Programs begin for students graduating high school including The Gilbert Damien Scholarship, The Holy Name Scholarship, the Victor and Adeline Karam Memorial Scholarship, and the Saint Theresa Sodality Scholarship. Amongst his many accomplishments, Father Paul completed massive renovations to the church. Father Paul replaced the roof of the church, the church floor, and the churches alter. In the church hall, under Father Paul’s guidance, the church hall kitchen was renovated, and the church hall tables and chairs were replaced with new ones. Under the tutelage of Father Paul several statues were replaced in the church. Additionally Father Paul made added several fixtures for the children of the parish including a basketball hoop outside of the church hall. Father Paul was transferred in October 2014 to Saint Peter and Paul Maronite Church in Tampa, Florida. Father Simon El Hajj came to Easton from Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Maronite Mission in Darlington, Pennsylvania in October 2014. Under the guidance of Father Simon a heavy focus was placed on the youth of the parish. Father Simon founded the Pioneers of Mary for parishioners ages 12 through 17, and revitalized the MYA of the church. Father Simon also established the Maronite Christian Formation Program, which replaced the old CCD program for students to learn about their faith and grow in their faith. Additionally under Father Simon’s Guidance a Project Roots office was established at Our Lady of Lebanon to register families for free in Lebanon to keep people connected to their roots and identity as Maronites. It was also under Father Simon’s tutelage that Arabic Classes were developed, and began on a weekly basis. Amongst the many accomplishments of Father Simon added carpeting to the church, and replaced the Statue of Mary that sits near the altar. Additionally Father Simon invested in the replaces the old vestments worn by the clergy with new vestments for the clergy. Sprititually Father Simon began a new tradition on Good Friday, by taking the procession around Ferry Street. Father also is responsible for organizing the annual MYA New Year’s Eve Hafli, which began in 2014, and he is responsible for organizing the annual Our Lady of Lebanon Spring Hafli, which began in 2015. Under Father Simon the church also saw a new website and began having an active presence on social media to keep up with the current times and forms of communication. Father Simon is currently serving Our Lady of Lebanon. Under Father Simon a parish mission was developed, to live our Antiochene Catholic faith and nurture our Maronite Heritage in order to grow and flourish as a family of Christ in the local community. We are extremely grateful to God for all of the priests who have served and are currently serving in Our Lady of Lebanon Church in Easton. Their holiness and spiritual leadership have helped the parish family grow with God. The parish family appreciates the long hours, the sacrifices and the dedication of all the priests who have served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton. May God watch over all the priests for their service to the church. Let us continue supporting our parish priests with our love and prayers, that they may always be shepherds after Christ’s heart. A final word of tribute is extended to all those who have preceded us into eternal life, and were members of this parish family, from the early pioneers and founders of the parish to the present time. May they enjoy the reward of their labors. Compiled, Written and Compiled By Merhej Hanna Sassine Boulos Florence (Sar) Frangos Joseph Mikhael Elias Daniel Updated and Re-Composed By List of Priests Father Istfan (Stephen) Korkemaz, Chor-Bishop Joseph Yazbek, and Father Anthony K. Yazbek, Served the Maronite Community in Easton from 1916-19229 Rev. Louis Zouwein, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton, 1929 Rev. Emmanuel El-Khoury Hanna, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1929-1931 Msgr. Francis Lahood, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1931-1933 Rev. Lawrence Birgmanos, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1933 Rev. Hanna Nehme, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1933-1936 Rev. Ignatius Sayegh, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1936-1941 Rev. William Magee, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1941-1952 Rev. Norman S. Peter, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1952-1972 Msgr. George Webby, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1972 Msgr. Peter Eid, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1972 Rev. Jerome Pavlik O.F.M., Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1972 Rev. Bernard Khachan, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1972-1974 Rev. Harris Zogheib, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1974-1980 Msgr. Sami Hayek, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 1980-2006 Rev. Kamil Al Chouefati, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 2006-2008 Rev. Paul Damien, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 2008-2014 Rev. Simon El Hajj, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 2014-2018 Rev. Youssef Keikati, Served Our Lady of Lebanon Easton 2018-Present

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The Ultimate Sales Call Training & Coaching Masterclass Only 28% of sales professionals expect to meet or exceed quota in 2023, according to a recent SalesForce report. This dismal outlook points to a worsening sales landscape that challenges sales teams to evolve if they want to stand out. For a sales person to be effective, there is now a clear need to move from transactional to consultative selling — understand potential clients' pain points, how those pains impede goals, and how to position their offer as the solution. This often starts at the cold call stage. Cold call with more confidence and close six-figure deals like top sales pro. Mastering the Art of Cold Calling Cold calling can be intimidating for sales reps. However, when done right, it can help you connect with qualified prospects and grow your pipeline. Essential Cold Calling Tips - Use your full name: This makes you more personable, memorable, and trustworthy. It's also a key part of making a strong first impression on a cold call when they don't know anything about you yet. - Establish relevance fast: Resist the urge to immediately start asking questions. Instead, take some time upfront to explain who you are, your value proposition, and why the prospect should care. For example, "I'm calling because I understand you are looking for a new CRM system for your sales team. I wanted to introduce myself and see if it makes sense for us to have a quick chat about your requirements." This establishes relevance right away. - Personalized engagement: The cold call begins long before the cold call. A recent LinkedIn report shows that 76% of top performers “always” perform research before reaching out to prospects. - Align with gatekeepers: Gatekeepers are there to protect decision-makers’ time. Instead of viewing them as an obstacle, leverage each gatekeeper as a resource. ZoomInfo recommends asking questions like: - Do you already have a product like the one I’m selling? - Does your company work with any of my competitors? - What are your biggest pain points? - Use scripts strategically: Have a script to ensure you cover key points — a brief introduction, questions to ask and a clear value proposition. But also listen closely to understand needs vs. relying solely on the script. - Build rapport: Building trusted relationships through rapport can make or break sales outcomes, turning prospects into loyal advocates or losing them to competitors. Role-Play Scenarios for Cold Calling Role-play holds a pivotal role in sales training courses, providing a platform for salespersons to sharpen their conversational skills, simulate real-world phone interactions, and cultivate confidence in their sales skills. Through role-play, your team can enhance their selling skills in the following ways: - Handling Objections: Role-playing serves as a training ground to master objection-handling techniques, equipping your team to skillfully address challenges and counter resistance from prospects. - Handling Rejections: Role-playing empowers salespeople to manage rejection gracefully and respond positively, keeping the door open for future engagements. - Identifying Decision-Makers: Role-playing situations help salespersons refine their approach to identifying decision-makers within a prospect's organization. - Navigating Gatekeepers: Role-play refines the art of navigating gatekeepers, enabling salespeople to connect with decision-makers effectively. - Boosting Confidence: Practicing sales conversations through role-play helps reps become more confident and natural. With greater poise and smoother interactions, reps are able to connect better and exude warmth that prospects find appealing. Having reps practice cold calling via role-play installs muscle memory for handling different real-world situations smoothly and confidently. Pclub’s immersive sales demo training provides access to practical role-playing sessions to perfect sales techniques. Sales Scripts and Templates A well-crafted sales script serves as a guiding compass, offering structure and ensuring conversations consistently hit the right notes and cover the necessary ground for moving prospects forward. Your script should outline: - Essential talking points - Common questions - Field vetted responses And if you’re a sales leader who’s in charge or writing scripts or editing a templated script to fit your team’s selling style, remember: - Build in prompts for discovery questions to learn about the prospect's situation before launching into a product pitch. - Have an opening that positions you as the expert rather than asking broad questions about their issues. - Include suggested statements to redirect the conversation if it goes off course, rather than questions. - Incorporate relevant case studies or testimonials to influence the prospect. - Allow flexibility to pivot the script based on the prospect's specific needs uncovered during the call. - Close with confirmation of next steps and commitment to advance the sale. The key is ensuring the script moves the call towards your objectives, uses influential language, allows for discovery, and gains commitment for advancement while keeping the prospect engaged. This battle-tested course distills 60,000 real-world outbound calls into a proven cold calling framework for instantly booking more meetings. Qualifying Prospects and Setting Follow-up Calls Lead qualification early in the sales process saves time by separating hot prospects worth pursuing immediately from more cold leads. This is why sales qualification should be the number one priority of your discovery call. Ask qualifying questions to determine fit in terms of budget, authority, need, and timeline: - What led to their booking the call? - What have they done on their own to solve this problem? - Does the prospect have sufficient budget to purchase? - Are they the decision maker for this initiative? - How high does the problem lie on their priority list? And if you need more inspiration for asking qualifier questions without coming off too pushy, check out our 4-minute video below: For prospects that meet qualification criteria, sales reps should: - Confirm next steps before ending each call to maintain momentum and demonstrate their commitment to solving client problems - Set a follow-up call quickly to present solutions tailored to the prospect’s pain points. Improving Your Team’s Phone Skills Let's go over some proven telephone sales techniques for acing outbound calls, fielding inbound lead inquiries smoothly, and crafting compelling voicemails. - Have a Goal: Know what you want from each call, like setting up another meeting or agreeing on a price, to avoid pointless chats. - Guide the Talk: If the buyer strays off topic, use firm statements to bring the focus back, but not at the expense of creating an uncomfortable environment. - Use Uplifting Words: Encourage agreement by framing suggestions positively rather than using negative language. - Start Strong: Begin the conversation by mentioning common issues rather than asking open-ended questions to steer the discussion effectively. - Read the Buyer: Match your approach to the buyer’s mood, being ready to chat or get straight to business based on their signals. - Stay on Track: Politely bring wandering discussions back to the main point to keep moving towards your goal. Handling Inbound Sales Calls The key to successful inbound and phone sales is mastering active listening, which we spoke about in-depth earlier in this guide. Give your full attention to prospects, ask thoughtful questions, and focus on understanding their unique needs and challenges. When leaving voicemails, quickly state your name, company, and reason for calling. Explain how you can help prospects solve their problems and improve outcomes. Conclude by requesting a specific call-to-action, like a meeting at a defined date and time. This structures voicemails for higher callbacks versus open-ended follow-ups. And if you need further help, follow along in the video below: Tips for Building Rapport During Sales Calls - Ask Open-Ended Questions: Encourage your prospects to share their roles, goals, and challenges to find common ground. - Explore Frustrations: If a prospect hints at challenges, ask for more details to understand their issues better. - Practice Active Listening: Listen carefully and summarize your prospects’ points to show understanding before moving to business matters. - Try Mirroring: Subtly mimic your prospects’ gestures or speech patterns to build a connection; it's proven to help in negotiations. Studies by Stanford and Northwestern University found that negotiators who mirrored their partners reached a deal 67% of the time, compared to only 12.5% for those who did not use mirroring techniques. - Identify Pain Points: Before pitching, ask questions during your discovery calls to uncover a prospect’s pain points and desires for improvements. - Maintain Consistency: Cold calling is the beginning. Keep in touch through LinkedIn, email, or other channels to nurture the relationship. Remember, keep it conversational and balanced between friendly chat and focused probing to build a fruitful rapport. Adding Sales Call Coaching to the Sales Process World-class sales organizations all leverage coaching to develop top-performing teams. Consistent sales call coaching improves reps' selling skills, leading to more closed deals, expanded accounts, and ultimately increased revenue. What Are the Roles of Sales Coaching and Leadership? - Coaches should frequently monitor calls and sit-ins to listen to reps in action and provide real-time feedback and coaching. - Leaders should review recorded sales calls to enable drilling down on subtle areas for improvement reps can focus on. By the way, we reviewed over 2,500 sales call recordings to see where sales reps can improve their delivery. - Share best practices and key strengths observed from their team’s top performers so everyone can replicate what success looks like. Sales Managers as Coaches Sales managers play a crucial role in developing successful sales reps through consistent coaching and mentoring. Their core responsibility is that of nurturing reps from raw potential to elite performance. Sales leaders influence team success in three key ways: - Hands-on coaching sessions to refine selling skills and address observed gaps - Mentoring reps on navigating complex sales situations and advancing opportunities - Motivating your sales team by recognizing accomplishments and keeping them focused on goals. Manager-led sales training delivers highly customized and relevant skills development informed by direct observation of team needs, strengthening manager-rep relationships in the process. Sales Coaching Techniques for Leaders With consistent coaching being so crucial, sales leaders must continuously refine their coaching techniques. Here are sales coaching approaches used by the top managers: - Establish specific development plans for each rep based on strengths/weaknesses uncovered from call reviews and analytics. Take a personalized approach. - Set up regular role-playing sessions to instill new skills through practice. Make recordings to track progress over time. - Conduct frequent call reviews to provide timely, relevant feedback. Pick 1-2 focus areas per rep to maintain focus. - Leveraging data is crucial – use analytics and reports to objectively identify reps' strengths, weaknesses, and overall performance trends. Sales reps are only as good as the leaders they emulate Incorporating Sales Call Coaching in Onboarding For savvy sales organizations, a prime part of the sales onboarding process is ride-along call coaching, as it affords an opportunity to instill best practices around sales calls early on. Here’s what the typical sales coaching process looks like during the onboarding stage. - Listening to call recordings together and pause frequently for feedback. Praise what they are doing well and suggest tweaks. - Role-play sales scenarios like cold calls, demos, handling objections. Have them practice while you provide guidance. - Equipping trainees with call frameworks, scripts, objections-rebuttals, and discovery questions to use as training wheels. - Arranging for top performing reps to mentor new hires and share what works for them. - Ensuring managers schedule dedicated coaching time on their calendar for consistent mentoring. - Establish goals around implementing techniques and have reps self-evaluate their progress. Frequent sales call coaching during onboarding sets reps up for ongoing success. They will be equipped with the tools to have productive sales conversations that drive results. Key Technologies in Sales Call Coaching Sales Engagement Tools Sales engagement platforms that integrate sales call recording capabilities are a gamechanger for enabling more frequent coaching. - Recordings give managers tremendous visibility into reps' selling styles, strengths and needs by reviewing more calls. - Having call reviews informed by actual sales conversations makes recommendations highly relevant and impactful. - This enables crafting personalized training plans tailored to each individual rep’s needs. Conversational Intelligence Software Sales coaching enters a new era of effectiveness when enhanced by conversation intelligence platforms like Gong. These tools ingest massive libraries of recorded sales calls, automatically transcribe them with AI, and surface critical conversational insights through data analytics. Managers gain an objective view of rep performance trends through AI-generated stats like talk-to-listen ratios, sales methodology adherence, speaking speed variability, and more. Conversation intelligence eliminates guesswork and makes coaching strategic and scalable. Managers leverage hard data to pinpoint optimal areas of focus for each rep based on true calling patterns rather than hunches. Implementing an Effective Sales Coaching Program An effective sales program is one that meets salespeople where they are and equip them with the skills they need to get past obstacles in their way to sales success. Key Elements of a Successful Sales Coaching Program - No one-size-fits-all approach: Personalize coaching based on salespeople strengths/weaknesses uncovered via call reviews and analytics. - Align coaching to sales stages: Align to the different stages of the sales cycle. Discovery coaching looks quite different from objection handling coaching. - Track metrics to target behaviors: Proper tracking of metrics ensures coaching targets the right behaviors that will ultimately impact KPIs like win rates, deal sizes, and quota attainment. - Integrate with business goals: Tight integration between individual coaching plans and overarching business goals. - Leverage peer mentors: Manager coaching combined with peer mentor relationships for multidimensional development. - Drive engagement with recognition: Recognition, rewards, and incentives drive coaching plan participation. Coaching Plan and Implementation An effective coaching plan begins with an assessment of each rep's skills and opportunities for growth. This determines what phases of the sales cycle to focus coaching on. Some suggestions for effective coaching planning and implementation: - Integrate coaching routines: Integrate coaching activities into the daily and weekly routines of sales professionals rather than leaving things to chance. For instance, commit to biweekly role-play and call review sessions between managers and reps. Feature coaching plan elements in team stand ups or huddles. - Track progress and celebrate milestones: Publicly track and celebrate when reps achieve coaching plan milestones to motivate progress. And tie coaching program metrics directly to critical business KPIs like win rates. This enables continuous monitoring and improvement of program efficacy. - Maintain a culture of learning: With the right sales coaching framework in place, revenue, customer satisfaction, and retention metrics will steadily climb. But coaching cannot be a one-and-done initiative - high-performing teams maintain a culture of continual learning and development buoyed by data. Sales Coaching for Retention and Quota Attainment Effective sales call coaching reduces involuntary turnover by equipping reps with the skills to meet performance expectations. Well-trained reps are more likely to hit sales targets, making managers less inclined to terminate them over poor performance. When organizations invest time upskilling reps through coaching, team members feel supported and valued. This fosters engagement and loyalty, strengthening retention. Ongoing Sales Call Coaching and Learning Resources Podcasts and Webinars on Sales Coaching A wealth of podcasts and webinars provide invaluable, ongoing sales coaching resources. Here are some podcasts top performers swear by: - Getting to Club: The goal of this podcast is straightforward - help you become or stay a President's Club winner in tech sales by stealing the playbooks and skills of the top 0.01% of tech sales practitioners and earners. Getting To Club host, Chris Orlob, grew Gong.io from $200k ARR to $200M ARR in just 5 years. - Advanced Selling Podcast: the ASP has the reputation of being the longest running sales podcast online. With more than 700 past episodes, you may want to agree there is little they are yet to cover in some depth. If your sales have plateaued or you are not getting enough of the right leads, ASP hosts Bill Caskey and Bryan Neale’s structured sales education has a solid reputation. - Reveal: The Revenue Intelligence Podcast: explores how revenue leaders use data-driven revenue intelligence to reach their full potential. Host Danny Wasserman interviews practitioners, leaders, and experts to share candid success stories, insights, and actionable revenue growth strategies. - The Sales Strategy & Enablement Podcast: features candid conversations with revenue leaders to explore critical insights, skills and technologies that drive sales performance. Host Andy Paul, a top global sales expert, consults with major businesses and shares actionable strategies across 1100+ episodes to help listeners exceed customer expectations and boost revenue. - Sales Gravy: Sales Gravy identifies as a global sales acceleration firm. Founder Host Jeb Blount is the bestselling author of about 15 definitive books on sales. On this podcast, Jeb teaches you how to open more doors, close bigger deals, and rock even fatter commission checks using unique strategies and frameworks. What to Look for In a Sales Training Course There are loads of online courses out there, but do they have the essential curriculum to upskill every member of your sales team? Here’s what to look out for: - Interactive Modules: You should be able to take courses on your own time and track your progress in an interactive way. - Sales Fundamentals: Courses should cover the sales basics like prospecting, qualifying, presenting, handling objections, closing, account management. - Consultative Selling: Courses should teach you how to move from transactional to consultative selling through questioning, listening, and providing solutions. - Sales Methodologies: You should be able to review common sales methodologies like SPIN, Challenger, MEDDIC and when to apply them. - Questioning Techniques: Courses should help you master different types of sales questions for discovery, qualifying, uncovering needs. - Negotiation Tactics: You should get all the necessary strategies and tactics for navigating pricing negotiations, in addition to sales concessions. - Sales Technologies: Your sales team should be able to manage CRMs, sales enablement tools, and optimize sales workflows by the end of the course. It’s also a great idea to involve your Sales Development Representatives (SDRs) in the training process, helping them grasp the day-to-day grind of your AEs. By having dedicated new hire programs in place, you lay a solid foundation upon which your managers can build through ongoing coaching. Make More Calls That Lead Sales with pclub’s Virtual Sales Training Course Pclub’s comprehensive online program offers in-depth modules on problem discovery, sales processes, strategy, and pipeline management tailored specifically for high-performing SaaS sales teams. The course introduces Pclub's proven 5-step framework: - Identify the business problem. - Understand the current state. - Identify the cause analysis. - Explore the negative impact. - Understand the desired outcome. Through personalized and interactive video lessons, both new sales managers and seasoned sales professionals gain the skills needed to excel. The course also features virtual role-playing exercises allowing practicing key scenarios. With a 4.8-star average rating, Pclub customers rave about the course's immediate impact on revenue and sales competencies. Here are some excerpts from what sales leaders have had to say about our Virtual Sales Training Course: “We trained our teams on Discovery Masterclass, and we're already seeing an increase in opp conversion rates. Several reps said this was the most actionable sales training they've ever done.” - Alex Moffitt (Global Technical Sales Manager, Fusion 360 at Autodesk) “Finished my quarter at 152%. Just wanted to send you a thank you note for the training and content. I finished my quarter at 152% and my half at 104% largely due to your teachings and learning from your experiences.” - Jasi Johnson (Account Director at LinkedIn) Take our virtual sales course today and unlock your team's potential.

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Ed. note: This article was originally published in Monthly Review and is reposted here with permission. I want to address a problem that seems to arise repeatedly in public discussions about green growth and degrowth. Some prominent commentators seem to assume that the debate here is primarily about the question of technology, with green growth promoting technological solutions to the ecological crisis while degrowth promotes only economic and social solutions (and in the most egregious misrepresentations is cast as “anti-technology”). This narrative is inaccurate, and even a cursory review of the literature is enough to make this clear. In fact, degrowth scholarship embraces technological change and efficiency improvements, to the extent (crucially) that these are empirically feasible, ecologically coherent, and socially just. But it also recognizes that this alone will not be enough: economic and social transformations are also necessary, including a transition out of capitalism. The debate is therefore not primarily about technology, but about science, justice, and the structure of the economic system. It is now well-established that green growth scenarios suffer from a difficult problem. They start with the assumption that the rich countries in the “core” of the world-system should continue to increase aggregate production and consumption (“growth”) for the rest of the century. But growth does not come out of thin air. It requires energy. Rich countries already appropriate extremely high levels of energy—many times more than the rest of the world and vastly in excess of what would be required to provision good lives for all.1 This high energy use is a problem, not only because it is driving climate breakdown and contributing to the crossing of other planetary boundaries but also because it makes sufficiently rapid decarbonization (that is, decarbonization consistent with fair shares of Paris-compliant carbon budgets) very difficult to achieve, even with optimistic assumptions about the speed of renewable energy deployment.2 To resolve this issue, green growth scenarios resort to several deeply problematic assumptions.3 First, they assume we can overshoot the Paris Agreement limits now and rely on mass deployment of speculative negative emissions technology in the future (mostly bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, or BECCS), to pull excess carbon out of the atmosphere. Scientists have raised major red flags about this approach. BECCS would require vast tracts of land for biofuel monoculture, up to three times the size of India, appropriated overwhelmingly from the Global South, exacerbating deforestation, soil depletion, water depletion, biodiversity loss, and other ecosystem damages, while constraining food availability. Relying on this approach is unjust and ecologically incoherent. It is also risky, because if, for whatever technological or political reasons, this scheme cannot be scaled in the future, then we will be locked into a high-temperature trajectory from which it will be impossible to escape.4 A second major assumption in green growth scenarios is that efficiency improvements can be achieved to an extent that radically decouples GDP from energy use. The main problem here is that the assumed rates of decoupling are not supported in the empirical literature—they are well outside even the most heroic documented achievements. Furthermore, empirical studies reveal that in a growth-oriented economy, gains from efficiency improvements tend to be leveraged to expand processes of production and consumption, which tends to erode absolute reductions in energy or material use.5 In short, efficiency improvements are important, but in an economy organized around growth and accumulation they do not deliver the results we need. The problem therefore is not primarily our technology, but rather the objectives of the economy. Finally, green growth scenarios maintain high levels of energy use in high-income countries by constraining energy use, and therefore development, in the Global South—in some cases to levels that are below what is required for even basic needs.6 This approach is obviously immoral and unjust (the term ecofascist comes to mind), and clearly unacceptable to Global South negotiators. It is worth noting here, furthermore, that achieving and maintaining a decarbonized economy for high-income countries with their existing levels of energy use (and automobile use) would require extraordinary levels of material extraction for all the energy infrastructure and batteries, most of which will be obtained from the Global South through supply chains that are already in many cases socially and ecologically destructive. Yes, we need renewable energy transition. But needlessly high energy use in rich countries means this transition will be slower and the social and ecological costs will be higher. In sum, green growth scenarios play loose with science, assume incredibly unjust arrangements, and gamble with the future of humanity—and all of life on Earth—simply to maintain ever-increasing levels of aggregate output in high-income countries, which, as we will see, is not even needed. Ecological economists point out that when we scale back our assumptions about technological change to levels that are, to quote the physicist and ecological economist Julia Steinberger, “non-insane,” and when we reject the idea that growth in rich countries should be maintained at the expense of the Global South, it becomes clear that relying on technological change is not enough, in and of itself, to solve the ecological crisis. Yes, we need fast renewable energy deployment, efficiency improvements, and dissemination of advanced technology (induction stoves, efficient appliances, heat pumps, electric trains, and so on). But we also need high-income countries dramatically to reduce aggregate energy and material use, at a speed faster than what efficiency improvements alone could possibly hope to deliver. To achieve this, high-income countries need to abandon growth as an objective and actively scale down less necessary forms of production, to reduce excess energy and material use directly.7 This brings us to a critically important point. We must be clear about what growth actually is. It is not innovation, or social progress, or improvements in well-being. It is very narrowly defined as an increase in aggregate production, as measured in market prices (GDP). GDP makes no distinction between $100 worth of tear gas and $100 worth of health care. This metric is not intended to measure what is important for people, but rather what is important for capitalism. Of course, what is important for capitalism is not to meet human needs, or achieve social progress, but rather to maximize and accumulate capital. If social progress and well-being are our goal, it is not the market value of aggregate production that matters but rather what we are producing (tear gas or health care?), and whether people have access to essential goods and services (is the health care privatized or universal?). This is basic to socialist thought. Under capitalism, essential goods are either underproduced (public transit) or commodified and priced out of reach of working-class households (housing, health care, higher education, and so on). This explains why even in rich countries, despite their high levels of aggregate production, many people cannot make ends meet. In the United States, a quarter of the population lives in substandard housing and nearly half cannot afford health care. In the United Kingdom, 4.3 million children live in poverty. Why? Because the productive forces are organized around the interests of capital rather than around the interests of people. Degrowth does not call for all forms of production to be reduced. Rather, it calls for reducing ecologically destructive and socially less necessary forms of production, like sport utility vehicles, private jets, mansions, fast fashion, arms, industrial beef, cruises, commercial air travel, etc., while cutting advertising, extending product lifespans (banning planned obsolescence and introducing mandatory long-term warranties and rights to repair), and dramatically reducing the purchasing power of the rich. In other words, it targets forms of production that are organized mostly around capital accumulation and elite consumption. In the middle of an ecological emergency, should we be producing sport utility vehicles and mansions? Should we be diverting energy to support the obscene consumption and accumulation of the ruling class? No. That is an irrationality that only capitalism can love. At the same time, degrowth scholarship insists on strong social policy to secure human needs and well-being, with universal public services, living wages, a public job guarantee, working time reduction, economic democracy, and radically reduced inequality.8 These measures abolish unemployment and economic insecurity and ensure the material conditions for a universal decent living—again, basic socialist principles. This scholarship calls for efficiency improvements, yes, but also a transition toward sufficiency, equity, and a democratic postcapitalist economy, where production is organized around well-being for all, as Peter Kropotkin famously put it, rather than around capital accumulation. The virtue of this approach should be immediately clear to socialists. Socialism insists on grounding its analysis in the material reality of the world economy. It insists on science and justice. Yes, socialism embraces technology—and credibly promises to manage technology better than capitalism—but socialist visions of technology should be empirically grounded, ecologically coherent, and socially just. They should emphatically not rely on speculation or magical thinking, much less the perpetuation of colonial inequalities. Green growth visions fall foul of these core socialist values. We can see the double movement of efficiency plus sufficiency clearly in the published postgrowth and degrowth macro-economic scenarios. The Eurogreen degrowth model, for example, starts with a baseline business-as-usual scenario, and then first adds efficiency measures (including things like carbon pricing, efficiency improvements, innovation, electrification, renewable energy transition, and so on), and then on top of this adds transformative economic and social policies (reduction in less necessary production, shorter working week, a job guarantee, wealth taxes, etc.), to deliver the results.9 This same two-part approach is taken by the LowGrow model.10 In fact, this is true even of the original MIT World3 “stabilization scenario” from the 1970s: it first deploys the measures from the “comprehensive technology” scenario and then adds output stabilization on top. We can see the same principles in a recent study on transport-sector decarbonization in high-income countries published in Nature. The authors write: “We conclude that, as well as implementation of emission-reducing changes in vehicle design, a rapid and large-scale reduction in car use is necessary to meet stringent carbon budgets and avoid high energy demand.”11 In other words, yes we need to transition to electric vehicles—but we also need to scale down the automobile industry at the same time, while improving and expanding public transit options to ensure mobility for all. Efficiency, yes. Technological innovation, yes. But sufficiency and equity too. This approach is also taken in the recent “decent living energy” model scenarios, which have become a touchstone in degrowth research.12 These scenarios assume strong efficiency improvements and advanced technology, while also organizing production around sufficiency and human needs, and dramatically reducing inequality.13 The results indicate that if we take this two-part approach (technological innovation and sufficiency), it would be possible to ensure decent living standards for a global population of ten billion people—more than the projected midcentury peak—while reducing energy use and decarbonizing fast enough to limit temperature rise to less than 1.5°C by the end of the century. A brief note: all of these models have their weaknesses, and researchers are developing a new generation to account for a more comprehensive range of degrowth policies, including strategies of decolonization and radical North-South convergence in the world economy.14 So, the public debate about degrowth founders on a false dichotomy. The real conflict is not between technology and anti-technology. It is about how technology is imagined and the conditions under which it is deployed. Degrowth research makes a strong claim to having a more scientific (and more just) approach to technological visions. What about the question of technological progress? In media discourse capitalist growth is often conflated with—or even seen as necessary for—technological progress. But here again, this is sloppy thinking. Yes, we need innovation to solve the ecological crisis. We need better solar panels, better insulation, better batteries, better recycling, better methods for producing steel, etc. But we do not need aggregate growth to get these things. If the objective is to achieve specific kinds of innovation, then target those directly rather than grow the whole economy indiscriminately and hope it will magically deliver the innovation we need. Is it really reasonable to grow the plastics industry, the beef industry, and the advertising industry in order to get more efficient trains? Does it really make sense to grow dirty things in order to get clean things? We must be smarter than that. Necessary innovations can be achieved directly – through public investment in innovation – while simultaneously scaling down less necessary forms of production. In fact, the former is enabled by the latter. Engineering talent that is presently organized around developing, say, advertising algorithms, can be remobilized instead to develop better renewables and transit systems. Furthermore, we should note that capitalist growth imperatives quite often limit technological progress. Under capitalism, firms organize innovation not around socially necessary objectives, but rather around what serves their growth and profits. So we get innovations to maximize fossil fuel extraction, or maximize planned obsolescence, but precious little in areas that are clearly necessary but less profitable (such as renewable energy) or not profitable at all (such as public transit, repairable products, or medicines for neglected tropical diseases).15 Furthermore, even when innovations are socially beneficial, they are often locked up under patents that prevent rapid dissemination (as with the COVID-19 vaccines and battery technology). In a democratic socialist scenario, these limitations could be overcome. We could liberate innovation to serve society and ecology rather than profit, invest directly in the innovations we so urgently need, and ensure rapid dissemination of necessary technologies. It should be clear from the above that degrowth is best understood as an element within a broader struggle for ecosocialist (and anti-imperialist) transformation. We must achieve democratic control over finance, production, and innovation, as well as organize it around both social and ecological objectives. This requires securing and improving socially and ecologically necessary forms of production while reducing destructive and less-necessary output. Finally, it is worth pointing out that our understanding of what counts as technology should not be limited to complex machinery. Sometimes simpler technologies are more effective, more efficient, and more democratic: bicycles, for instance, are an incredibly powerful technology for helping to decarbonize urban transport, and agroecological methods are vital to restoring soil fertility. Furthermore, the power of social technologies should not be underestimated. To cite a classic example from feminist socialist literature: dishwashers and washing machines are critical to liberating people (and particularly women) from labor, but so too are public child care and community kitchens. We must take care to ensure that our visions of technology are not polluted and constrained by capitalist assumptions and worldviews. A better technology is possible. - ↩ Joel Millward-Hopkins, Julia K. Steinberger, Narashima D. Rao, and Yannick Oswald, “Providing Decent Living with Minimum Energy,” Global Environmental Change 65 (2020). - ↩ Jason Hickel, “Quantifying National Responsibility for Climate Breakdown: An Equality-Based Attribution Approach for Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Excess of the Planetary Boundary,” Lancet Planetary Health 4, no. 9 (2020): e399–e404. - ↩ Jason Hickel et al., “Urgent Need for Post-Growth Climate Mitigation Scenarios,” Nature Energy 6, no. 8 (2021): 766–68. A free PDF of this article is available at jasonhickel.org/research. - ↩ For references, see citations in Hickel et al., “Urgent Need for Post-Growth Climate Mitigation Scenarios.” This text also addresses problems with scaling direct air carbon capture and storage. - ↩ For references, see citations in Hickel et al., “Urgent Need for Post-Growth Climate Mitigation Scenarios.” See also Anne Berner, Stephan Bruns, Alessio Moneta, and David I. Stern, “Do Energy Efficiency Improvements Reduce Energy Use? Empirical Evidence on the Economy-wide Rebound Effect in Europe and the United States,” Energy Economics 110 (2022). - ↩ Jason Hickel and Aljosa Slamersak, “Existing Climate Mitigation Scenarios Perpetuate Colonial Inequalities,” Lancet Planetary Health 6, no. 7 (2022): e628–e631. - ↩ Lorenze Keyßer and Manfred Lenzen, “1.5 °C Degrowth Scenarios Suggest the Need for New Mitigation Pathways,” Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). - ↩ Jefim Vogel et al., “Socio-Economic Conditions for Satisfying Human Needs at Low Energy Use,” Global Environmental Change 69 (2021). - ↩ Simone D’Alessandro, André Cieplinski, Tiziano Distefano, and Kristofer Dittmer, “Feasible Alternatives to Green Growth,” Nature Sustainability 3, no. 4 (2020): 329–35. - ↩ Peter Victor, Managing without Growth (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018). - ↩ Lisa Winkler, Drew Pearce, Jenny Nelson, and Oytun Babacan, “The Effect of Sustainable Mobility Transition Policies on Cumulative Urban Transport Emissions and Energy Demand,” Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). - ↩ Millward-Hopkins, Steinberger, Rao, and Oswald, “Providing Decent Living with Minimum Energy.” - ↩ Joel Millward-Hopkins and Yannic Oswald, “Reducing Global Inequality to Secure Human Wellbeing and Climate Safety,” Lancet Planetary Health 7, no. 2 (2023): e147–e154. - ↩ Jason Hickel, “How to Achieve Full Decolonization,” New Internationalist, October 15, 2021. - ↩ Brett Christophers, “Fossilised Capital: Price and Profit in the Energy Transition,” New Political Economy 27, no. 1 (2021): 146–59.

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If you book with Tripadvisor, you can cancel up to 24 hours before your tour starts for a full refund. It would certainly be interesting to read more about it. Burj Khalifa, the tallest construction in the world following its build up in the year 2008. It is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. The Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 metres (919 ft) out from Jumeirah beach. The Royal Suite was billed at US$24,000 per night in the Burj Al Arab. Explore an array of Burj Al Arab, Dubai vacation rentals, including apartment and condo rentals, private villas & more bookable online. Which makes Sal, the terrace’s new pop-up restaurant, one of the best placed waterside eateries in the city. The Burj Al Arab can be defined as the hotel that accumulates more records, as it is the highest (321 m), the most luxurious (7 stars) and of course, one of the most expensive in the world, “Burj Al Arab” is the “Arab Tower” (Translation). 7 star luxury hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Suites/Hotelkamers Burj Al Arab. Find the best free stock images about burj al arab. Het Burj Al Arab hotel is één van de bekendste gebouwen van Dubai en dankzij zijn immense hoogte van 321 meter is het hotel vanuit grote delen van de stad te zien. The distinctive sail-shaped silhouette of Burj Al Arab Jumeirah is more than just a stunning hotel, it is a symbol of modern Dubai. Choose from more than 1,500 properties, ideal house rentals for families, groups and couples. In fact, there is no such thing as a seven-star hotel. Almost 39% of the total height of the hotel cannot be occupied by the guests. Rising on a man-made island, 280 metres from the shores of the renowned Jumeirah beach and designed to resemble the graceful sail of an Arabian dhow, it soars to a height of 321 metres, dominating Dubai’s coastline. De suites van de Burj Al Arab hebben glazen ramen van de vloer tot aan het plafond, waardoor u een adembenemend uitzicht heeft over de Arabische Golf. Is it Dubai's? Buy Burj Al Arab in Dubai by arksined on VideoHive. The Burj has become the international symbol for Dubai and is also be regarded as The World‘s Most Luxurious Hotel. Or a partnership or a company? See all 346 Burj Al Arab tickets and tours on Tripadvisor The owner of a farmhouse hotel built based on the design of Dubai’s Burj Al Arab in India says he hasn’t received any legal correspondence in relation to copyright issues. Restaurants and Bars in the Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Al Arab 1:1 Tiles 13x12 ----- Specs ----- Common: ConstructionCost 1'500'000 (Real 1'500'000'000 $) Aangezien een kamer onbetaalbaar is, reserveren veel mensen een High Tea in de Skyview Bar.Je kunt het Burj al Arab … Het Burj al Arab-hotel is waarschijnlijk het meest exclusieve hotel ter wereld.Het hanteert een streng deurbeleid en laat alleen gasten binnen. Foto van Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, Dubai: Junsui Aziatisch restaurant voor ontbijt of diner - bekijk 50.186 onthullende foto’s en video’s van Burj Al Arab Jumeirah gemaakt door Tripadvisor-leden. Burj Al Arab Jumeirah - Best Price (Room Rates) Guarantee Book online deal and discounts with lowest price on Hotel Booking. So no, the Burj Al Arab is not a seven-star hotel. M just upgrading … I know it's in Dubai but is it under the government or something? Burj al-Arab (arabă برج العرب, în traducere: „Turnul Arabilor”) este un hotel de lux în Dubai, fiind cunoscut drept singurul hotel de șapte stele din lume, oficial clasificarea fiind de cinci stele deluxe, proiectat de arhitectul britanic Tom Wright. Burj Al Arab Terrace timings. A Burdzs al-Arab (magyarul: Arabok tornya) Tom Wright építész tervei alapján épült luxusszálloda Dubajban, az Egyesült Arab Emírségek második legnagyobb városában. Centrally placed within the atrium space, the water feature is circular in form and is composed of 24 No. I haven’t read many reviews of the Burj Al Arab, outside of the Trip Advisor reviews. Burj Al Arab tickets are known to sell out fast, and same-day tickets may not be available. Know more about the owner of Burj Khalifa and other information about it. Download all photos and use them even for commercial projects. As those in the hospitality industry know all too well, location is key. The timings for Burj Al Arab Terrace pools and cabanas are from 10:00 am – 07:00 pm on both weekends and weekdays. Burj Khalifa or the Khalifa Tower, a Megatall Skyscraper located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The owners of the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai have threatened legal action because the concept by architect RTKL, one that the architect said was "indicative" during the launch, is what they believe is too striking a similarity to the famous middle-eastern hotel. When the terrace at the back of the Burj Al Arab was added four years ago, it gave the iconic hotel one of the city’s most enviable poolside locations, with uninterrupted Arabian Gulf views. We recommend booking e-tickets tickets ahead of time to secure your spot. Eventuele alcoholische dranken worden apart in rekening gebracht. La 321 de metri înălțime este cea mai înaltă clădire din lume folosită exclusiv ca hotel. The construction of Burj Al Arab began in 1994 and opened in December 1999. The Burj al Arab Atrium Water Feature This feature is conceived as a water sculpture that visually engages the visitors to the hotel. 321 méteres magasságával a legmagasabb szálloda volt a világon 2009-ig. This is just out of curiousity, bt who's the actual owner of Burj? Kosten van het Burj al Arab Franse diner Een 4-gangen diner in de Burj al Arab in het Al Muntaha restaurant kost 165 euro voor personen ouder dan 12 jaar en kinderen tussen de 4 en 11 jaar betalen 83 euro. 4. Check all reviews, photos, contact number & address of Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, Dubai and Free cancellation of Hotel. Een van de bekendste iconen van Dubai is de Burj Al Arab (‘De Toren van de Arabieren’). white fibre optic lit water arches (Leap Frogs)® that surround a gently sloped bowl of multi coloured crushed glass aggregate. Owner of Burj Al-Arab? Dubai’s Burj al Arab is “one of the most profitable hotels” in the world, according to the CEO of Jumeirah Group, the owner of the iconic sail-shaped building. Burj Al Arab contains over 70,000 m 3 (92,000 cu yd) of concrete and 9,000 tons of steel. Rajinder Kumar (pictured below), the owner of the farmhouse, told South Asian news agency, Aninews.in, that he has not received any letters in relation to the building. Het luxueuze hotel, dat in 1999 is geopend, maakt deel uit van de Jumeirah hotelgroep en staat bekend als het enige 7 sterren hotel ter wereld. De prijs is inclusief een 4-gangen diner, mocktail en water of frisdrank. Visit Burj Al Arab’s website to learn more about their offers. A torony a Jumeriah nevű nemzetközi szállodalánc tulajdonában van, az utóbbi évek során a közel-keleti város szimbólumává vált. The legendary property was dubbed the world's first seven-star hotel by a British journalist when it was officially opened on December 1, 1999. Mini burj al arab . Burj Al Arab heeft geen hotelkamers, maar 202 suites, die zich uitstrekken over twee verdiepingen. Mention must be made that Burj Al Arab built with any doubt a reputation based on exceptional service standards, while the product has been exceptionally well preserved (exceptional furnishings, materials and finishes were used at the time it was built), however, the interior design is outdated, reflecting the extreme bling of the late 90’s. Couples in particular like the location – they rated it 9.4 for a two-person trip. Burj Al Arab Jumeirah offers unlimited access to the water sports activities at Wild Wadi Waterpark™, located just a 5-minute walk across the island bridge. shooting 11/15/2020 Burj Al Arab Dubai. This hotel is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and is the fifth tallest hotel in the entire world. Well, Live Traveled just published a review of her recent stay at the Burj Al Arab, where she paid $2,600+ for the one night stay. Immerse yourself in the culinary world of this 7-star hotel and book a ticket today for a dinner, cocktail or afternoon tea at the Burj Al Arab restaurant of your choice. Souk Madinat Jumeirah is a 15-minute walk away. The Burj al Arab in Dubai is probably the most magnificent hotel in the world. Thank you! it's ok to contact this poster with services or other commercial interests “We will also renovate [Burj Al Arab], probably in summer 2019," he told Arabian Business. Is there a person who owns it? Burj Al Arab was designed by Atkins, a multidisciplinary consultancy, and led by architect Tom Wright, the shape of building is designed to resemble the sail of a ship, this unique shape has inspired the designs of many other skyscrapers or tall structures in the world, such as Vasco da Gama Tower in Lisbon and Trump Ocean Club International Hotel in Panama City. The Burj Al Arab is very popular with the Chinese market, which made up 25 percent of all bookings at the hotel in 2011 and 2012. Burj Al Arab is located along Jumeirah Street, in the Umm Suqeim 3 … Rent a whole home for your next weekend or holiday. Enerzijds is het met zijn vorm van een zeilboot een opvallende verschijning in de kustlijn, anderzijds staat het bekend als het meest luxueuze hotel ter wereld, waarbij het onofficieel gepromoot wordt als het enige 7-sterren hotel ter wereld. Burj Al Arab is the only hotel in the world which has been given the ‘7-star’ rating. Jumeirah’s Burj Al Arab is set to undergo renovation in the summer of 2019, according to company CEO Jose Silva. Introduction. Location and Contact. Során a közel-keleti város szimbólumává vált Jumeirah - best Price ( Room Rates ) Guarantee Book deal... 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December 29, 2009 | Travel Feature Sri Lanka: Stalking the Big Blue Along the road to Galle we see signs of tsunami devastation. Photo: Steven Richter This story of a monomaniacal adventure in Sri Lanka in January 2006 was written for Gourmet. But when Colombo the capitol, came under attack by the Tamil Tigers in their struggle for independenc, our government posted stern travel warnings. Gourmet decided it was not the moment to encourage travel to Sri Lanka. Now that the insurgents have surrendered,this small island-like country, a lovely, accessible India-light, is seeing tourism again. My passion for jewelry is intense, nearly as consuming as my passion for truffled Nantucket scallops, suckling pig or crusty and creamy macaroni-and-cheese. Between meals as a restaurant critic, I collect vintage fakery and dream of real gems. A few years ago in India I vowed to come home with a string of emeralds. The pitiful slivers of green that fit my budget inspired me to abandon the emerald quest. But now we are headed for a week in sapphire-rich Sri Lanka –the small almond-shaped island at India’s foot. I find myself seized with a sapphire craving. I can actually see it on my finger – big and bold, emerald cut, bluer than Paul Newman's eyes. The Sri Lanka airline magazine on the flight from Delhi is a blur of blue sapphire ads. I promise myself mere money will not stand in my way again. I am going to be good to myelf. I will pry open my cobwebbed wallet and embrace extravagence. Life is short (which is why I sometimes eat dessert first). Galle Face Hotel in Colombo is a luxury soft landing. Photo: Steven Richter An Indian friend, Nalin Tomar, an aficionado of Sri Lanka, goes there often. He has booked our trip, saving me tedious hours of winging emails off into the ether. Joining us are Suvir Saran, the cookbook writer and chef-partner of Devi in New York, and Charlie Burd, his partner. It is January, balmy, but not uncomfortably warm. Of course I’m watching my back. The N.Y.Times has reported that the troublesome rebel Tamil Tigers are picking off a few locals now and then, so far only sailors and politicians, but Nalin assures me he has plotted our path--from Colombo to Kandy inland, to the seashore of Galle -- far from the menace. He fills us in on the culture, focusing in ways guidebooks don’t: Prices are lower than India. The people are laid back and friendlier. Everywhere entrepreneurs are building small luxury hotels and spas hoping the tourists will return after the Tsunami. Suvir lunches at Barefoot Garden Café, hangout for Colombo’s affluent. Photo: Steven Richter Colombo’s uppercrust and the artists they collect mill around at a photography show opening in the courtyard of Barefoot, a complex of tempting shops, an outdoor restaurant and gallery. Nalin, it seems, knows the Toot Colombo. A prominent local architect is curious about us New Yorkers. What made us come? Travel lust, we respond. “And sapphires,” I add. His wife holds out her hand and wiggles a finger – “This is a gray star sapphire,” she says. I admire it dutifully. It is tastefully small. The big blue rectagle I see on my finger will be a deep midnight blue. She offers to see what her dealer has in blue. Dare I risk a strawberry margarita later that evening at the feverishly popular Gallery Café. Maybe without ice. But the ice is made with filtered water. Oh, let’s just go for it. “Nothing succeeds like excess,” the fusion menu quotes Oscar Wilde. Affluent locals favor pumpkin gnocchi or seared salmon with tuna aioli on pesto risotto here. We are determined to eat Sri Lankan, and are impressed with pan-sauteed prawns alongside tamarind relish, and the black pork curry with rice and eggplant stew. Shanth Fernando, the swaggering entrepreneur owner, is teasingly arrogant tonight but friendly too, spelling out the name of the shop where his wife buys her sapphires for me. I jot the address into my notebook. Markets, shopping and lunch, in no particular order, are priorities for our fivesome. Suvir and Charlie are stocking up on brilliantly-colored tunics and sarongs from the Barefoot bazaar – so much cheaper than in India – and I’m lost in the book shop. Alas the airline is serious about overweight. Fortunately they don’t weigh people. Our al fresco lunch, fusion again, in Barefoot’s courtyard café, is taking forever to arrive. “You are in the tropics,” Suvir reminds me. I struggle to turn off my New York meter. A cheesey swamp of quiche is the locals’ favorite here. We prefer the sweet-and-sourness of pork curry, voluptuous grilled shrimp, and stolen tastes of Suvir’s vegetable trio. Costumed dancers assemble in Galle Face lobby to welcome a bridal couple. Photo: Steven Richter At last my guy and I are free to dash off, innocent and wary, but encouraged by assurances from Sri Lankan friends in New York that Careems in the Hilton Hotel is a safe house for sapphires. When I drop the name of the family that has sent me, Mr. Hassan, small and natty in dress, smiles below his neat moustache, settling in behind the glass vitrine ready to do serious business. “I am looking for a sapphire,” I tell him. “Unset. Big and very blue.” He signals a minion and a box of folded packets is brought to him from the safe. “I can’t possibly know if it’s really a sapphire and if it’s been treated to make it bluer?” I confess. “I am counting on you.” "Ninety-five per cent of sapphires are heated to bring out the color,” he says, assuring me that his are not heated. “You can see now and then tiny flaws, but no inclusions.” He gives me his loup so I can see I’m not exactly sure what in the night sky of a stone. “This is a natural sapphire,” he says. Should I be worried that his nails are bitten. Is that a telltale Rorschach? "Not blue enough.” I say, rejecting a $36,000 stone, then balancing a $20,000 round on the back of my fingers. “Bigger.” He calls for another stash of folders from the safe. He unwraps a nice little hunk of blue --–just shy of twenty karats --and fits it into a metal ring with prongs that grab it so I can try it on. It’s $40,000. He presents a five karat stone, only $10,000. I am dizzy, I was thinking $3000 or $4000, $5000 tops for something really major. He could put little diamonds around it to make it look larger, he suggests. With his tweezer he arranges small diamonds. He offers to let me have the $40,000 stone for $33,900. “Maybe my Big Blue jewel isn’t going to be a sapphire,” I say. “Maybe it’s going to be an aquamarine.” I try on a 37 karat aquamarine, just $200 a karat. But it’s definitely sea blue, not even close to a sapphire. He shows me a blue topaz as big as a robin’s egg. No one would ever mistake it for a sapphire. “What about a pink sapphire or yellow?” “No. It must be blue. Maybe what I can afford is a big stone with a big flaw,” I suggest. He looks down. Now he knows me better. I have revealed my true self. I want a miracle. He promises to have more sapphires in stock when we return from our excursion to Kandy and Galle. We catch up with our entourage at one of Shanth Fernando’s smart ultra modern Gallery shops. “Is this big enough for you?” asks Charlie, dropping a heavy silver ring in my palm. It’s kind of clutzy but compelling, a mammoth cabochon aquamarine, pale blue, very eccentric English duchess… just $110. I must have it. They take credit cards so I’m even piling up a few miles. I feel stronger, more decisive, having bought something. I am growing serious, working up to going for broke on my sapphire. We stop at Waruma’s shop in Kandy for lunch and treasures. Photo: Steven Richter Kandy is theoretically only two and a half hours away but traffic snarls the two-way highway and our rented van takes forever. Nalin phones his favorite antiques dealer in Kandy, Waruna Jayasinghe, from the car. Waruna invites us to join a few locals for lunch… a funeral lunch. A cheerful funeral lunch. Local tradition requires the bereaved family to share food with friends for 11 days after a death. Waruna, his face wreathed in a wild beard, fussed at by three generations of the clan females in saris, seems jolly enough. They urge us to share their spicy stew of meaty breadfruit, curried potato and eggplant, fresh fruit and chapati bread set out on a colorful woven cloth as if they’d been expecting us.. Afterward the five of us scramble through Waruna’s three dusty floors of stone, wood and brass collectibles looking for treasure. Nalin buys a vintage fabric. I scan the jewelry under glass at the front of the shop, rare and real, not so rare, not so real. A delicate gold filigree ring with a sapphire is very cheap but also tiny. Perfect for Eloise at the Plaza. Waruna suggests a jeweler just down the street is more likely to have the sapphire I am seeking. Ceygems International has its own gemological museum upstairs: I am like a nine-year-old girl in a Barbie museum, devouring the diorama of every imaginable mineral and precious stone. Quickly our museum guide morphs into gem-hustler, leading us downstairs, surprise, right into the shop. It takes only minutes to conclude that I am not going to find big blue of my fantasies among the itsy blues here. At the famous Temple in Kandy, a priest comes with the key. Photo: Steven Richter The roads north of the city are so clogged, it takes forty minute for the advertised ten minute ride to Kandy House, a luxurious and handsome small inn of indigenous stone floors and massive Dutch antiques, armoires and buffets, where a waiter in orange sarong waits to welcome us with luscious passion fruit mocktails. I ignore the nagging inclination to run out and dutifully sight-see in favor of tea, a shower and a nap. Shopping and eating, I find, are more exhausting than mountain climbing. As for Kandy House’s resident chef, a self-admitted amateur, his omelet or perfect poached eggs, bacon, fruit and yogurt, three kinds of toast, and good strong coffee at breakfast on the verandah overlooking the garden, is infinitely more satisfying than a rather amateurish lunch that takes too long and makes me sleepy. Ena deSilva is a legend who wears three hats and sponsors local crafts. Photo: Steven Richter Nalin has arranged for a private audience next day with the unofficial dowager empress of Kandy, Ena de Silva, at the Heritage Center she has created near her home so that villagers can learn nearly-forgotten crafts. A spry 84-year-old wearing three hats, one on top of another, with her silver-tipped cane, “just for balance,” she leaps like a mountain goat over stony paths to the batik atelier and through her charmingly eccentric garden with its stone Queen’s throne overlooking the valley. As tourists just passing through, we would be lunching at Aluwihare’s Kitchen below. Instead her staff is setting up a staggering buffet in the grand dame’s living quarters, a rainbow bazaar of treasured clutter. “The King gets 35 curries. We give 24,” she observes. “We’re eating pretty much what we serve at the restaurant.” The table is a riot of color, chairs draped with blazingly printed shawls, below giant waxed flowers her students make in primary colors. Ena is a fount of naughty gossip, almost as delicious as the splendid Kandyan feast: the two dozen different curries: cashew nut, fragrant chicken, spiced ladyfingers (okra), melting eggplant, sweet potato, all sorts of chutney’s and pickles, turnovers and meat pies. Once I’ve tasted everything, I suddenly remember the hunt for Big Blue and am shameless in my quest. “I don’t suppose you know any elderly windows who would like to sell their sapphires,” I ask. Ena wiggles gem-free fingers. “I gave away all my jewels to my daughter in Los Angeles. Now I don’t have to worry about being robbed.” Fisherman put out a meager catch alongside the road to Galle. Photo: Steven Richter On our way south, we stop at Lunuganga, a well-known plantation house and garden paradise carved out of a tropical jungle over several decades by the country’s legendary architect, the late Geoffrey Bawa. Only recently open to guests, each room is different and some have an upscale tree-house feel. A friendly American journalist, parked here overnight with her mother, offers travel tips, including a favorite jeweler. “Mr. Ibrahim in Galle,” she advises, writing out the address. “I trust him totally.” Lunch, reserved ahead, is set out on moss green linen: spritely red pepper and caper tossed spaghetti, tuna seared medium rare --tender and savory –and a cheese cake tart with segments of lime taming its sweetness. All very elegant and delicious. Driving south again along the coast, we see constant images of tsunami destruction and rebirth: the rafters of a house and nothing more, palms lying on the sand, just built white-washed cottages next to flattened shacks, freshly planted tree sprigs belted to stanchions against the wind. Survival is a work in progress. “What would we like for lunch?” asks the chef at Orchard House. Photo: Steven Richter Below the town of Galle itself is a 17th Century Fort enclave where stone walls withstood the devastating waves. Its narrow streets are studded with smart boutiques, tee-shirt emporiums, stalls of tourist tchotkes, and small hotels like the handsomely restored Orchard House that Nalin has rented for three nights. Some of us are poets. Some of us are earthbound. Couples work best when one half can be assertive and practical while the other sniffs the flowers, or rffles through dusty books. I push our bags into one of the four air-conditioned rooms decked out with early 19th Century Sri Lankan furniture by our absentee Australian landlords. To reach the high queen size four poster, I have to step up on a mahogany stool. Next morning, we linger over a four course al fresco breakfast in the gazebo beside the pool: fresh squeezed orange juice and an astonishing platter of tropical fruit, tiny bananas with a big banana pow, ripe mango, passion fruit and mangoustines. What a relief to be liberated from the splendid excess of a five-star hotel buffet where I will always eat more than I meant to. We wander the streets of the Fort, in and out of shops, surprising each other with gifts, a burgundy and gold scarf for me from Suvir, chocolates for the men from us. By the time we reach the boutique of the trusted Mr. Ibrahim, Suvir and Charlie have a raging case of gem fever too. Alas, Ibrahim’s sapphires are not the big blue I had in mind. But Suvir fancies a modest star sapphire and a bright aquamarine to match Charlie’s blue eyes. I find myself taken by a fiery garnet. “Would you like that to be my Christmas gift to you?” my guy asks. Mr. Ibrahim in Gall tries to tempt me with a stunning aquamarine. Photo: Steven Richter "Well, yes. I love it. If the price is right,” I begin. But Suvir steps in, a relentless bargainer, alternately cajoling and then, jabbing with a killing barb. I have to walk away to keep myself from trying to defend Mr. Ibrihim. But then the deal is sealed. We leave with all three stones. What a high it is to think this blazing emerald-cut garnet might actually be a bargain Now that we’ve spent $500, I feel more ready than ever to close on a significant sapphire. Back at the Colombo Hilton Careems feels a bit like home. The familiar face of Mr. Hassen is instantly reassuring. He sets a 17.62 karet stone into the try-on prongs. It has a few inclusions, but no flaw, he says. $11,717. There is a deep blue emerald cut stone. $33.915. Just my color. Not my price. A 13.60 karet stone has a flaw. And its only $6180. He lets me look with the loup. “It’s called a love eye,” he says. The stone really sparkles and I like the medium cornflower color – brighter than the greyed blue of bigger stones that are out of my price range anyway. It does look a little small on my finger. “It has very good luster. A lot of plus points,” Hassen assures me. “The shape is very pretty. You won’t find anything better for the price anywhere.” I can have it for $5850. I want it for $5000, I say. “I only have $5000 to spend.” We are both silent for what feels like an hour. Then with a phone call as if he has to get permission, and with a grimace of pain, he reduces it again to $5350. Add on the cost of an 18 karet white gold setting and four tiny diamonds in each corner, $5680, no charge for mailing. “We’ll think about it overnight,” I say imagining he won’t want to let us out the door. We’re out. “He knows I want that stone,” I mutter as we climb into a little bicycle-like put-put taxi. (If you’re abut to buy a $5000 sapphire, you need to save $2 on your taxi is how I live my life). We unleash Suvir on Hassen next day. Not even 45 minutes of grilling by Suvir moves him. My heart is pounding. This is a very aerobic sport. Steven can’t stand the tension. “Buy it or don’t buy it,” he says. “Buy it. You deserve it.” Back in Colombo at Careems, Mr. Hassan measures my sapphire. Photo: Steven Richter The deal is done. We’ve paid but we’re leaving with nothing but an official-looking certificate. My pulse is racing. I get up dizzy and hot. The jeweler will send a drawing of the proposed setting by email for my approval. What an amazing world. I am buying a sapphire in Sri Lanka and designing the setting on the internet. “Do we have time for ice cream before we leave for the airport.” Second Guessing My Sapphire I am struggling with a writing deadline when a giant cardboard carton box arrives in my office some weeks later. Manufacturers send me potato chip or popcorn samples in boxes like that. It sits for two days before I take time to open it. Inside the carton is a large tin box and inside that a small cardboard box hiding a tiny blue velvet box embedded in tissue. This clever camouflage of wrapping is designed to make jewel thieves ignore my package. My not so big, not so blue Big Blue Sapphire. I emailed Hassen that the ring had arrived safely. He replies: “Yes indeed you are amongst few women in the world who owns a sapphire with a such a big size. God bless.” Of course I must have it appraised. Am I a New Yorker or what? Cartier’s president emeritus Ralph Destino arranges for me to bring my ring for analysis to the Gemological Association of America on Fifth Avenue. He meets me there. It’s a little bit like Fort Knox with armed guards to escort you and small pass-through windows where you surrender your gem to a clerk who makes a fax of it. They don’t appraise, they analyze. Two experts will check out my bauble Destino explains. That’s how they do it. A double check. The chief of colored stones herself takes me backstage to the colored gem room and shows me the machinery. And both gemologists agree. The good news: It’s a natural sapphire. The bad news: it has been heated to enhance the stone creating an inclusion. At first I’m angry. But then I realize I did tell Hassen that I wanted to see bigger stones with bigger flaws. In his careful, non-alarmist way, even wily way, he never actually mentioned the stone had been treated with heat but then again, he never said it wasn’t. What he might have said in the blurry moment of my feverish wanting was that this was not his usual gem but a stone obtained from a dealer. It took ten days for free lance appraisers to weigh the issues of my stone and study the immediate retail market for a 13 and a half karat sapphire. It would cost me $11,500 to replace my stone, they said. Not $20,000 or $25,000 as I’d day-dreamed, remembering Hassen’s perspiration at the end of what felt like a searing negotiation. As if he was giving away his children’s heritage and education. Crocodile tears. So I’d come home with an $11.500 gem for my $5000. At least I hadn’t spent every waking moment of the week stalking the Big Blue. I’d taken time to skim the cream off the coconut milk of Sri Lanka’s richness in just six days. I’d met the sophisticated and ambitious upper class of Colombo and passionate characters along our route. I’d seen the aura of optimism in rebuilding from the catastrophe and many new boutique hotels and smart restaurants in the works with an uprising so far away that barely made shadows. I would sell the story and maybe next time, I’d go to Brazil and buy my dream emerald.

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Amy Berman Jackson is a traitor. Amy Berman Jackson is a traitor. Amy Berman Jackson is a Judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. U.S. District Court Judge Amy Berman Jackson has rejected President Barack Obama’s assertion of executive privilege to deny Congress access to records pertaining to Operation Fast and Furious, a gunrunning probe that allegedly allowed thousands of weapons to flow across the border into Mexico. Jackson ruled Tuesday (January 19, 2016) that the Justice Department’s public disclosures about its response to the so-called “gun walking” controversy undercut Obama’s executive privilege claim. “There is no need to balance the need against the impact that the revelation of any record could have on candor in future executive decision making, since any harm that might flow from the public revelation of the deliberations at issue here has already been self-inflicted,” Jackson wrote. “The Department itself has already publicly revealed the sum and substance of the very material it is now seeking to withhold. Since any harm that would flow from the disclosures sought here would be merely incremental, the records must be produced.” Jackson said she wasn’t questioning the propriety of Obama’s claim of privilege, but ruling that the claim could not be sustained in view of other information the Justice Department had released on the topic, chiefly an Office of Inspector General report released in September 2012. “This ruling is not predicated on a finding that the withholding was intended to cloak wrongdoing on the part of government officials or that the withholding itself was improper,” the judge wrote. The standoff over the records led to a House vote in June 2012 holding then-Attorney General Eric Holder in contempt of Congress for failing to turn over the records. The House later initiated a lawsuit to try to force disclosure of the files. The case was repeatedly delayed in an unsuccessful effort to broker a settlement. The administration initially asked Jackson to throw out the suit altogether, arguing that the legislative and executive branches should use their own methods to sort out the dispute. However, the judge ruled in 2013 that the fight was an appropriate one for the courts to resolve. She also rejected the administration’s efforts to appeal the case at that time, before she issued a definitive ruling. Jackson, an Obama appointee, left open the possibility in her ruling Tuesday (January 19, 2016) that some of the disputed records could still be held back from Congress because they contain sensitive information on law enforcement techniques, implicate foreign policy concerns or discuss matters covered by attorney-client privilege. To not definitely rule as to the inclusion of all records shows a disdain for the powers of Congress. Therein, Amy Berman Jackson is a traitor for not upholding the tenets of the Constitution. UPDATE: May 15, 2019 Judge Amy Berman Jackson, an Obama appointed corrupt treasonous liberal judge with an angry disposition toward Americans who think differently than Obama, continues to put her own distorted interpretation of US law ahead of the US Constitution. Her actions with Paul Manafort alone were ample cause for her to be removed, impeached or jailed. The Obama appointed liberal activist Judge, Amy Berman Jackson, was assigned to the most important court case in US history, the Manafort case in the Trump-Russia hoax investigation. Sadly, Judge Jackson has a horrible treasonous far left record on the bench. In 2013 Judge Jackson rejected arguments from the Catholic Church that Obamacare’s requirements that employers provide cost free coverage of contraceptive services in spite of being contrary to their religious beliefs. This was overturned by the Supreme Court. In 2017 Judge Jackson dismissed the wrongful death suit against Hillary Clinton filed by two of the families who lost loved ones in Benghazi. The families argued that Clinton had done little to help their sons and then lied to cover it up. Then on January 19, 2018, Paul Manafort’s case was reassigned to Judge Jackson on January 19th, a few weeks after being filed. It is unknown how she was assigned to the Manafort case or by whom. What is clear is that with her atrocious and slanted record to date, the Deep State and the Mueller team certainly wanted Judge Jackson overseeing the Manafort case. On January 3, 2018, we reported that Paul Manafort filed a suit against the “Deep State” DOJ (Jeff Sessions), Assistant AG Rod Rosenstein and Corrupt Investigator Robert Mueller that should have shut down Mueller’s corrupt investigation! To put it plainly, Mueller was tasked with finding a crime that does not exist in the law. It is a legal impossibility. He was being asked to do something that was manifestly unattainable. Manafort sued the DOJ, Mueller and Rosenstein because what they were doing was not supported by US Law. Manafort’s case argued in paragraph 33 of its filing that the special counsel put in place by crooked Rosenstein gave crooked and criminal Mueller powers that are not permitted by law. Mueller was given the latitude to investigate whatever he wanted to and that is not permitted by the law. Manafort’s filing paragraph 33 stated – But paragraph (b)(ii) of the Appointment Order purports to grant Mr. Mueller further authority to investigate and prosecute “any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation.” That grant of authority is not authorized by DOJ’s special counsel regulations. It is not a “specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated.” Nor is it an ancillary power to address efforts to impede or obstruct investigation under 28 C.F.R. § 600.4(a). Manafort’s case was solid but the judge was Obama’s corrupt liberal Judge Jackson. On April 27, 2018, Judge Jackson dismissed Manafort’s plea. Judge Jackson was not only wrong in her judgements, she was also overly abusive to Manafort. She scolded Manafort and his team for a statement his spokesman issued maintaining his innocence and said the comments appeared to run afoul of the order she issued in November limiting public statements about the case by lawyers involved and by the defendants. Of course she said nothing about the many leaks from the corrupt Mueller team. In May 2018 Judge Jackson addressed another argument from the Manafort team and basically threw it out as well. (Back then it was more than clear that there’s no way Manafort was getting a fair trial with Judge Jackson overseeing his case.) A federal judge delivered a setback to President Trump’s former campaign chairman Paul Manafort on Friday by refusing to throw out some of the criminal charges against him. Manafort’s legal team had argued in a Washington, D.C., court that he was being charged twice for the same offense of lying to federal officials. Manafort maintained that the stacking up charges could negatively influence a jury against him, The Associated Press reported. U.S. District Judge Amy Berman Jackson, however, said in a ruling Friday that any harm or prejudice Manafort could face would be handled by giving the jury “proper” instructions, according to the AP. The judge dismissed the motion from Manafort without prejudice, meaning he can revisit it after his trial in the case, which is scheduled for September, the AP noted. The corrupt and criminal Mueller team next worked with Obama Appointed Judge Amy Berman Jackson to place President Trump’s former Campaign Manager Paul Manafort in solitary confinement. This was a conscious action to literally torture Manafort for working with Trump during the campaign and an attempt to get him to work with Mueller to create false statements on President Trump. Bernard Kerik at Newsmax wrote an excellent post on why Manafort was placed in solitary confinement. According to Kerik – In a very small regional jail in Warsaw, Virginia, sits Bob Mueller’s big fish, Paul Manafort. Mueller, the U.S. Department of Justice Special Counsel appointed to investigate any possible collusion between Russia and President Donald Trump’s campaign, has charged Manafort with multiple counts of conspiracy, money laundering, tax crimes, false statements, and anything else they can wad into a big ball and throw up against the wall to see what sticks. After his arrest, Manafort was placed on house arrest on a $10 million-dollar bail, until the government recently accused him of witness tampering and convinced U.S. District Judge Amy Berman Jackson to revoke his bail, and remand him to jail pending trail. To a casual observer, this would seem justified, however, to anyone that has been through it, or has witnessed the government’s selective and political prosecutions over the past few decades, they would tell you that it is all a part of a prosecutorial strategy. Solitary confinement in prison lingo is also referred to as a special housing unit (SHU), or punitive segregation unit (PSU), and their individual cells are called a box, hole, or cage. It’s basically a deathtrap. A 12′ x 8′ solid steel or concrete box with a metal bed, stainless steel sink and toilet, and if you’re lucky, a small concrete or metal writing table and stool. On the solid steel metal door, there may be a 4 x 24-inch window that gives the inmate a slight view of the outside corridor, that can be blackened out by the correction staff at a moment’s notice. Kerik continued – Where prison itself demeans, degrades, and demoralizes a defendant, solitary confinement goes far beyond the normal deprivation of freedom, where the strain of isolation can cause a prisoner to suffer from manic depression, hopelessness and despair, paranoia, anxiety and, quite often experience hallucinations. It can send suicidal prisoners over the edge, and incite juveniles to act out. Pre-trial inmates can easily be manipulated into confessions and or guilty pleas, with promises or suggestions of being released from the box, and quite often they will do anything to be freed from the mentally and emotionally breaking cell, including lying, and pleading guilty to something they never did. Again later in 2018, corrupt Judge Jackson – – denied a request by President Donald Trump’s former campaign manager Paul Manafort to suppress evidence seized by the FBI from his home as part of Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s ongoing probe into whether Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign colluded with Russia. Manafort’s lawyers had sought to limit the scope of evidence that prosecutors can rely on for his upcoming September trial in Washington, D.C., claiming that the search warrant was overly broad and unconstitutional. “Given the nature of the investigation, the warrant was not too broad in scope,” wrote Judge Amy Berman Jackson for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in her ruling. No individual who disagrees with Obama will receive justice in Judge Jackson’s court. Manafort’s only crime was he worked for and supported President Trump during his campaign for the Presidency. The Mueller team is a national travesty. It will go down in history as the most corrupt and criminal enterprise in US history. Corrupt Judge Jackson is part of this corrupt enterprise. Today, as far as we know, Paul Manafort, charged with working as President Trump’s campaign manager, sits in jail. He may still be solitary confinement. Judge Jackson was next somehow assigned to the Roger Stone case. She also placed a gag order on Stone, preventing him from defending himself in the public square while Jackson’s colleagues in the media trash and defame Stone daily. On Tuesday Roger Stone’s best friend Michael Caputo joined Tucker Carlson on FOX News. Caputo told Tucker that Roger Stone is not allowed to speak to his best friend. Judge Jackson forbid Roger Stone to speak to his best friend of thirty years. Amy Burman Jackson believes she is above the law. When will this wicked woman be removed from office? Via Tucker Carlson Tonight: Here is a link containing more information: Peter Strzok Is One Of The Most Corrupt FBI Agents In US History, And Now The Treasonous Judge Amy Berman Jackson Will Oversee His Case. UPDATE: February 14, 2020 The treasonist and corrupt Judge Amy Berman Jackson wanted to jail conservative journalist for exposing juror bias. The following was written by Jacob Engels. Several months ago, during the early days of Roger Stone’s trial, the prosecution and defense teams were busy fighting over what jurors would end up making the final cut for the official jury pool and alternates. Obama appointed Judge Amy Berman Jackson, who has ruled against every conservative figure or cause that has ever come before her court, would routinely ignore the concerns of Stone’s defense team about juror bias. Judge Jackson didn’t care that potential jurors had political backgrounds or had given inappropriate and extremely biased answers in their jury questionnaires. In fact, Judge Jackson agreed with prosecutors to remove a potential juror because she had at one point, nearly three decades ago, held a small role in the Ronald Reagan for President campaign. Politics would not be allowed in her courtroom, Judge Amy Berman Jackson proclaimed. However, when it was revealed that a potential juror had served in a high-level communications role within President Barack Obama’s administration, objections and questions about bias from Stone’s legal team were laughed off, by both the judge and prosecutors. You see, if a potential juror showed bias against conservatives, Judge Amy Berman Jackson declared that their prior service to an administration or political cause, even if it was that of a far-left socialist like Barack Obama, was not sufficient evidence to bar them from serving on the jury. It was at this moment, that this Gateway Pundit reporter joined Alex Jones on Infowars to sound the alarm. A high-level Obama communications director with a documented past involvement with the far left was being considered as a prime candidate to make the final cut for jury in Roger Stone’s trial. We all already know that nearly 91% of the District of Columbia voted for Hillary, so the notion of Stone being judged by a jury of his peers was pretty much out the window, but it was hard to believe that the Judge and prosecutors would be so blatant in their advocacy of selecting highly-partisan jurors. This interview went viral and the mainstream media and Democrats went insane. They claimed that we were threatening the safety of the juror and the sanctity of the trial, never mind that we never mentioned the name of the juror or any other information that could lead to them being harmed. In fact, mainstream media reporters had already tweeted far more personal information about the juror. However, this did not stop corrupt Judge Amy Berman Jackson and the Mueller prosecution team from doing something unheard of and drastic. Before court the next day, I was informed by several sources that Judge Amy had issued a sealed order of contempt for this Gateway Pundit reporter, there was even talk of having me detained for trying to “intimidate potential jurors” through my reporting. This is the first time that this Gateway Pundit reporter has gone on record discussing that shocking moment. Why take such Hitlerian action against a journalist? Discussion about this potential juror was all over Twitter, with commentary from far more high-profile reporters having been retweeted dozens, if not hundreds of times. Their commentary was not critical, nor did it raise questions about the bias of the trial and jury pool. We know now, through an exclusive report from TGP several months ago, that one of the lead jurors was a top-level donor to Beto O’Rourke. Seth Cousins, who outed himself shortly after Stone’s guilty verdict, was clearly not examined thoroughly enough by Obama appointed Judge Amy Berman Jackson or prosecutors were allowed to stack the deck with the judge’s approval. How did Mr. Cousins respond to his jury questionnaire? How much bias did he show? We will never know unless those records are unsealed by the court. And just recently, as the Mueller infested prosecution team resigned from the case in a toddler’esque temper tantrum after the DOJ rejected their harsh sentencing requirement of 9 years, Stone jury foreman Tomeka Hart outed herself to stand in solidarity with the prosecutors and defend the verdict reached by the jury. In doing so, just like the previous juror Seth Cousins, Ms. Hart had exposed herself to public scrutiny. That scrutiny revealed that she was even more biased than Mr. Cousins. It proved that she had lied on her jury questionnaire, committing perjury on numerous occasions. It also proved that she mocked the arrest of Roger Stone in January of 2019, which has been widely decried for using the same amount of force law enforcement agencies have utilized in apprehending drug-kingpins like Pablo Escobar and El Chapo. Hart was also a far-left candidate for congress several elections ago and serves in a high-level role within the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, a known front for globalist ideals and far-left social projects. Just one of these items should have been red flags that kept her from serving on the jury. Thank you to journalist and filmmaker Mike Cernovich for digging up the dirt on Tomeka Hart. Can you imagine what else we could find if we knew the names of the remaining jurors and how they responded to the jury questionnaire? This finally helps us understand why corrupt Judge Amy Berman Jackson would want to have this Gateway Pundit reporter arrested for exposing bias in the jury pool. They already had a rigged trial by getting to select the jury from 99.99% Democrat DC residents, yet they wanted to get the most extreme left-wing activists to make sure the verdict returned guilty. Not one single Republican was allowed on the jury, in fact they were denied for the simple fact of being Republicans during the jury selection process. Given these facts, Judge Amy Berman Jackson must unseal the jury questionnaires of the jurors (and alternates) that made the final cut for Roger Stone’s trial. A refusal to acknowledge these glaring instances of bias and acts of perjury committed by jurors before her court is proof positive that she must be removed from the case and impeached by the United States Senate.

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How To Choose CD/DVD Archival Media (Last updated January 11th 2013) Ahh, I’ve been planning to write this one for awhile: an entire article on archival quality media. As I do professional software development as well as professional photography (what a weird combination), I need archival quality CD and DVD media to store my data on. However, one of the hardest things to is actually find good media, or even understand why it is good media. This article focuses on the history of Compact Discs, writable CD/DVD media, and why DVD+R is superior to DVD-R. If you want to just know what media is worth buying, skip to the summary at the bottom. Short history of the Compact Disc The invention of the Compact Disc has had a large impact on both music and computing in the last 20 years. Invented in 1979 as a joint project between Sony and Philips to counter the self-destructive nature of consumer audio playback (such as tapes and records that could only be played so many times before the recording degraded significantly) by switching to a resilient digital format. The CD was also designed to store standard computer data, as in 1985 the first CD drives for computers were released; massive, bulky, and expensive, it was not until the mid-90s that they really took off, driven almost solely by video games and large multimedia applications. In 1990, Sony and Philips went back to the drawing table, and then came out with the CD-R, a record-once medium. Yet again, the first CD burners were large, expensive, and bulky, but by the late 90s having a CD burner was the new ‘in’. The first few generations of CD media, designed by Taiyo Yuden (a company who I respect, and buy all my archival quality media from), actually kind of sucked; it wasn’t until around 2000 that companies started producing very high end media. CDs and DVDs store individual bits (encoded in various ways depending on the media) with spots of reflective and non-reflective areas. This method is called ‘pits and lands’, where pits ‘absorb’ light (ie, are ‘off’ bits) and lands ‘reflect’ light (ie, are ‘on’ bits). With pressed media, the pressing method causes pits to reflect the laser’s light away from the sensor, and the lands to reflect it back at the sensor. With burned media, a high energy laser causes spots of organic dye to go opaque and obscure the reflective surface for the pits, leaving the organic dye for lands alone. Short history of the DVD While burning was becoming popular in the late 90s, so was playing high quality video on DVDs. Storing almost 7 times the data of a 700MB CD (or almost 13 in the case of dual layer DVDs), allowed companies to store massive amounts of data on one disc, leading to the movie industry to drop VHS tapes and the video game industry to drop CDs. In 1995, the first DVD specification was ratified by over a dozen companies including Sony and Philips, as well as Thompson, Pioneer, and Mitsubishi. By 2000, at least half the homes in the US and Japan had DVD players. So, obviously, the next step was to produce burnable DVDs. Two separate, and incompatible, efforts took hold. The first one, Pioneer’s DVD-R (pronounced ‘DVD dash R’) was released in 1997, using different data storage methods than pressed DVDs (appearing to be more like CD-R than DVD), a poor error correction scheme, and the ‘wobble’ laser tracking system of DVD-R is inadequate for the job. The second effort, lead by the DVD+RW Alliance (headed by Sony, Philips, Mitsubishi, and Thompson) was released in 2002, as an alternative to the poorly implemented DVD-R. DVD+R uses a superior ‘wobble’ laser tracking system, a far better error correction method, and the media quality itself is typically higher. (See the ‘Why DVD+R?’ section below for a more technical explanation) Why archival media is hard to produce Unlike pressed CDs/DVDs, ‘burnt’ CDs/DVDs can eventually ‘fade’, due to five things that effect the quality of CD media: Sealing method, reflective layer, organic dye makeup, where it was manufactured, and your storage practices (please keep all media out of direct sunlight, in a nice cool dry dark place, in acid-free plastic containers; this will triple the lifetime of any media). The silver and aluminum alloys used in virtually all blank CD/DVD media has one major issue, requiring the manufacturer to lacquer a protective seal over the entire disc: silver and aluminum oxidize when they hit air, turning the normally reflective layer into silver or aluminum rust. Some (very expensive) media uses gold instead which doesn’t oxidize, however DVD media cannot use gold due to design issues (not true anymore, see update 1 below). Today, only the cheapest of the cheap media has severe issues with sealing practices (as such, avoid any media made outside of Japan and Taiwan; especially avoid media made in India). Assuming that the protective seal and reflective layer are manufactured correctly, the next issue is the organic dye. The first organic dyes, designed by Taiyo Yuden, were Cyanine-based and, under normal conditions, had a shelf life of around ten years; simply, that was simply unacceptable for archive discs. Taiyo Yuden, Mitsubishi Chemicals, Mitsui Co., and Ciba Specialty Chemicals spent the next ten years trying to produce the best organic dyes, eventually reaching archive-quality CD media. Taiyo Yuden produced ‘Super Cyanine’, a chemically stabilized version of the original Cyanine dye designs, while TDK offers media that uses ‘metal-stabilized Cyanine’ dye, leading to similar shelf lives as Taiyo Yuden’s media. Taiyo Yuden states their Super Cyanine dye is chemically stable for at least 70 years, and TDK states their metal-stabilized Cyanine is also stable for 70 years. On the other hand, Mitsubishi went in a different direction and produced what is called a Metal Azo dye, that they claim is stable for around 100 years. Azo dyes are chemically stable, however, the shelf life of media using Azo dyes typically does not exceed that of Super Cyanine and metal-stabilized Cyanine. The third dye produced for CD media is called Phthalocyanine dye, with the majority of such dyes produced by Mitsui and Ciba. Typically marketed as more resistant to heat and UV radiation than Cyanine and Azo, modern Cyanine and Azo dyes last just as long in extreme conditions. DVDs also use similar dyes, however manufacturers have intentionally kept what dyes they use a secret (instead of a feature in their marketing of the media), and all blank DVDs are intentionally the same color (as different dyes on CDs make blanks different colors, however, it is not indicative of what dye is used due to some manufacturers using different colored silver alloys and non-reactive additives in the dye). Why Taiyo Yuden media, and how to buy in the US The best discs in circulation tend to be Taiyo Yuden media. In Japan, you find their media under the brand That’s, which are wholly owned by Taiyo Yuden. As of late 2009, Taiyo Yuden announced they were buying the JVC Advanced Media brand, and making it a wholly owned and operated brand for TY products. They did this to put Taiyo Yuden products on store shelves worldwide. See update 4 at the bottom for a full explanation. Simply put, I have never had problems with any kind of Taiyo Yuden media. Ever. I have bought CDs and DVDs under a dozen different brands (including non-Taiyo Yuden manufactured TDK and Verbatim), and the only ones that have had a 100% success rate is Taiyo Yuden. If you cannot find any company selling media under the Taiyo Yuden/JVC Advanced Media brand, I suggest buying from the SuperMediaStore.com, who offer a wide range of Taiyo Yuden CD media, DVD-R media, and DVD+R media. I tend to buy just from them, as they are the only company that guarantees that their media is actually from Taiyo Yuden and not a fake (see the above linked FAQ on information about fake Taiyo Yuden media). This is the most technical section of the article. If you don’t understand the basics of how CD/DVD media works, or find such technical discussions boring, skip to the next section. As I said earlier, DVD-R sucks for data preservation for three reasons: inferior error correction, inferior ‘wobble’ tracking, and the fact its data writing methods look like an un-needed halfway point between CD-R and DVD+R. The wobble tracking I shall explain first, then the error corrections method, then the specifics of ATIP/pre-pit/ADIP optimum power settings. For a CD/DVD burner to track where it is on the disc, it uses three things: the ‘wobble’ of the data track (where it actually wobbles back and forth instead of in a straight line) to tell where it is in the track, the position of the track to tell where it is on the disc, and some additional information on the disc to tell where the track (singular, as CDs and DVDs only have one track, and it is written in a concentric spiral) begins and ends. This additional information on a CD-R is called the ATIP (Absolute Time In Pregroove), which contains how long the track is, where it begins, what the maximum and minimum writing speeds are, what formula dye it uses, who actually made it, optimum power control settings, and error correction data. The ATIP is stored as a frequency modulation in the wobble itself. However, since the wobble changes subtly to encode data, it is impossible to use with the small size of tracks DVD requires, as electric noise in the laser pickup and wobbles introduced by the electric motor spinning the disc, these could easily be read as frequency changes in the real track itself. On DVD-R, they tried to solve the problem with something called ‘pre-pits’ where spikes in the amplitude of the wobble appear due to pits fully out of phase with the rest of the track (ie, between two spirals of the track, where there is no data). This can be viewed as a simple improvement over CD-R as it makes it easier to track the wobble (since the wobble is constant except for the easy to detect and remove spikes). Unfortunately, this method as one flaw: due to electric noise in the laser pickup, it would be very easy to miss the pre-pit (or read one that wasn’t actually there) if the disc were damaged or spun at fast speeds. The time to read a pre-pit is 1T (roughly .0000000038th of a second), which even for a computer can be easy to miss. DVD-R traded hard to track frequency changes for hard to read wobble-encoded data. On a DVD+R, however, they came up with a much better method. Instead of changing the frequency of the wobble, or causing amplitude spikes in the wobble, they use complete phase changes. Where CD-R’s and DVD-R’s methods make you choose between either easy wobble tracking or easy ATIP reading, DVD+R’s method makes it very easy to track the wobble, and also very easy to encode data into the wobble. DVD+R’s method is called ADIP (ADdress In Pre-groove), which uses a phase change method. With ADIPs’ phase changes, the direction of the wobble changes and continues on going in the exact opposite direction (ie, counter-clockwise to clockwise, or the reverse). For example, if the wobble was ‘going up’, the phase change causes it to instantly reverse direction start ‘going down’ no matter where it in the wobble cycle. The phase change is very easy to detect, and also continues for a set period (in this case, one 32T section of the track, or 32 times longer than the pre-pit method of DVD-R). The state of the phase change (clockwise or counter-clockwise) encodes the individual bits in each block In essence, with the phase change method, not only do you have an easy way of tracking the wobble, but you now have an easy way of reading wobble-encoded data. As I mentioned earlier, this wobble-encoded data includes error correction of wobble-encoded data itself. Error correction is the most important part of media, because if it does not work, then you’ve lost your data, even if there is nothing seriously wrong with the disc. The DVD-R specification states that for every 192 bits, 64 of them are not protected under any scheme, 24 of them are protected by 24 bits of parity, and the last 56 bits are protected by another 24 bits of parity. This weird (to put it mildly) scheme allows you to easily scramble or lose 25% of the data that is required to read your disk! This information is almost more important than the actual data burned on the disc itself. The DVD+R specification, however, states that for every 204 bits of information, it is split into four blocks of 52 bits containing 1 sync bit to prevent misreading because of phase changes, 31 bits of data, and a 20 bit parity (that protects all 32 bits of data). The sync bit is always the same value in all four blocks, and exists only to prevent phase inversions. Now, the third item on the list: how DVD+R discs burn better. As I said earlier, ATIP/pre-pit/ADIP stores information about optimum power control settings. This information is basically formulas stating how much output power is needed, what the laser startup power should be, and other pieces of information you require to properly burn a DVD. Optimum power control output is dependent on three things: burning speed, laser wavelength, and information given to the drive about the media. DVD-R basically fails on all three accounts because DVD+R simply includes far more information about the media in the ADIP data than DVD-R does in it’s pre-pit data. DVD+R includes four optimum profiles, one for four major burning speeds (usually 2x, 4x, 6x, and 8x, though this can change as speeds increase). Each of these profiles include optimum power output based on laser wavelength, more precise laser power settings, and other additional information. With this information, any DVD+R burner can far more optimize it’s burning strategy to fit the media than it can with DVD-R, consistently providing better burns. For comparison, DVD-R includes one profile, optimum power output based for that one profile only and uncalibrated towards what wavelength it is for, less precise laser power settings, and no other additional information. Typically, DVD-R burners have to already know how to burn a certain piece of media (and include this information in their firmwares) before they can properly burn to it. New media often is not properly supported. In addition to the optimum power control profiles, DVD+R also gives four times more scratch space for the drive to calibrate the laser on; more space can only improve the calibration quality. So, in short, DVD+R media exists to simply produce better burns and protect your data better. And finally, the end of the article… Finally, after roughly three pages of technical discussion, we arrive at the end of my dissertation on archival quality CD/DVD media. So, you’re probably now wondering, in simple terms, what media do I recommend? To begin with, I do not recommend CD-RW, DVD-RW, or DVD+RW media in any form for permanent storage. This is mostly a no-brainer, but those discs are meant to be able to be changed after burning, and they are simply unsuitable for long-term archival storage. I also do not recommend DVD-R media due to DVD+R’s superior error correction and burning control. That said, I recommend Taiyo Yuden media across the board. Taiyo Yuden currently manufactures 52x CD-R, 16x DVD-R, and 16x DVD+R media in normal shiney silver, inkjet printable, and thermal printable forms. Taiyo Yuden may be one of the most expensive (if not the most expensive), but their media quality is unsurpassed. Also, as I mentioned earlier, I recommended buying from SuperMediaStore.com as they are the only online US distributor that guarantees that their Taiyo Yuden media is certified as coming from Taiyo Yuden. So, what am I using? Due to Taiyo Yuden’s superior media quality, and DVD+R’s superior design, I use only Taiyo Yuden DVD+R media. I recommend this media to everyone who wishes to keep their data for a long, long time. Update 1: It seems MAM-A and Kodak actually has managed to make a gold DVD, though no one else seems to be manufacturing them (Taiyo Yuden/JVC Advanced Media now makes an archival gold disc, see update 6). However, MAM-A’s gold archival media still doesn’t seem to exceed TY quality (although Mr 60,000 in the comments below puts TY second best to MAM-A). Due to the extreme cost of gold archival media ($2+ a disc) with very little increased protection (if any), I’ll still say TY media is better. I want to see more independent tests on this before I change my recommendation. In addition, I’d like to mention that Verbatim has been relabeling other brands of disc as their own. If the box/spindle/cakebox the discs come in don’t say they’re manufactured with Verbatim’s proprietary Azo dye (sometimes called Advanced Azo, sometimes not, depending on the product) then they aren’t Verbatim media at all and should be avoided as they may not meet typical home archival standards. Update 2: (Sept. 19th 2007) Its almost been a year since I first wrote this article. My recommendations for media have not changed, my recommendations for DVD burners have. Samsung: Samsung is currently producing two drives worth owning, the Samsung SH-S222AB (SATA). They’re not considered archival grade, but they’re not bad. TEAC: TEAC makes an archival drive that is ISO/IEC10995 compliant, and is very expensive. Comes in two forms, external USB DV-W5000U and internal SATA DV-W5000S. I’ve seen DV-W5000U drives for sale for $500, and refurbished DV-W5000S drives for $150-200. This is the elite of drives, and recommended if you’re very serious about 30+ year archival storage. Update 3: (July 26th 2009) Its been awhile since I updated this article. Pioneer is no longer manufacturing drives worth using. Just buy a Samsung or TEAC drive like I link to above. I’m using two Samsung drives now after my PX-716 finally died after years of service. My recommendation on TY and Verbatim hasn’t changed, and I imagine it will never change; DVD media will not change significantly from here on out. Bluray in my opinion is not worth switching over to unless you’re storing data that can be measured in hundreds of gigabytes, and at that point you might want to look into archival tape storage. When Bluray is worth switching over to, I’ll write a follow up article to this one. High quality single layer media will have to drop below 50 cents a piece and Bluray burners will have to become ubiquitous (much like DVD burners are now) before that happens. I’m thinking 2011 or later. Update 4: (August 3rd 2010) Taiyo Yuden has bought the JVC Media brand and is now operating under the JVC Advanced Media brand. You can now buy TY inside JVC boxes and get your usual TY quality. This site has the conversion of part numbers. JVC has not bought Taiyo Yuden, and Taiyo Yuden is in full control of this new venture. They merely bought they name so they can put TY products on store shelves worldwide. SuperMediaStore.com is selling almost all JVC Advanced Media branded TY products in place of the old TY branded ones. Update 5: (September 27th 2011) A few people have asked about how PIE/PIF scans work. DVD-R and DVD+R both employ two stage error correction. PIE (Parity Inner Error) just means error correction was used, PIF (Parity Inner Failure) means the error was unrecoverable using the inner ECC block but still may be recovered using the outer ECC block . On tools that give avg/max/total, max PIE values above 140, or max PIF values above 4* means the disc needs to be replaced but the data most likely isn’t corrupted yet**. For a burn to be considered still pristine you want max PIE below 20 and max PIF 3 or lower. Discs will NOT be pristine after 5 years, but there is a fall off of PIF/PIE increasing after 6 months and doesn’t seem to start picking up again until 5-10 years depending on storage environment. Totals for PIF can be as high as 100k yet have a max of 20, and total PIF can be as high as 1000 but have a max below 3. Max PIE is considered mostly fatal above 280 and can reach as high as 1664, and max PIF can reach as high as 208*. DVD+R generally will maintain lower values for both due to superior error correction techniques. * Some tools and/or drives won’t list above 4 for PIF. ** Some tools and/or drives also list PO (Parity Outer) uncorrectable errors. This is for any read that has a max PIF above 4. This indicates a mostly unrecoverable data corruption error, which would effect (if I’ve done my math right) 36k of data (although that doesn’t mean the whole 36k of data is corrupted, just that its corrupted inside of that 36k). This still does not indicate the disc is unreadable, some obsessive ripping tools will try multiple reads in an effort to get a valid read or different incorrect reads that can be merged into a valid read. Update 6: (January 11th 2013) Taiyo Yuden announced last year that they are now producing an ISO/IEC10995 compliant archival grade gold alloy DVD-R. Sadly, its not DVD+R and I’m hoping they’ll consider making a DVD+R version as well. Not many vendors carry this disc yet. Also, a few people have asked when I’m going to write that Bluray follow up article. I don’t think Bluray is viable for long term archival storage yet. I continue my recommendation that if you need to store hundreds of gigabytes of data or more, consider archival tape.

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The Nugget also hosts typical slot and blackjack tournaments, as well as table games are 1 of the casino’s main draws. You’ll find everything here from mini-baccarat in addition to blackjack to” “craps, roulette, and more. Moreover, the Gold Nugget was a single of the 1st Las Vegas casinos to be able to offer Free Bet, a blackjack alternative. Over 450, 500 people are expected to head to be able to Las vegas to experience the big game on Sunday, and they’ll have their pick of endless events, watch parties, star-studded entertainment and additional. Resorts will pull out all the halts and the city’s top restaurants, pubs and nightclubs will certainly offer exclusive Top Bowl-themed parties plus specials. Smoke-free Casinos In Las Vegas: The Truth As you explore the particular gaming floor, you’ll find over just one, 000 slot devices, 22 table games, the world’s largest Keno board, and Circa Sportsbook, where you can bet on your favorite sport in an intimate setting. 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It’s a fun and exciting mood for sure, plus the Wynn is usually also a leading kid-friendly hotel in Vegas, with family members attractions like typically the Lake of Ambitions. The 118, 000ft² gaming space consists of a huge bingo room with a new” “personal bar, a Keno Lounge, and a poker room with 20 dining tables. The Best Las Las Vegas Casinos Besides, you can always nip to the” “bordering sportsbook and lay and enjoy a great time observing your favorite athletics. Wynn is amazing in each way, nevertheless it could also get a little too pricey for a few, so it’s best to always seem up these things. To date, CNN, USA Today, and TripAdvisor have just about all taken a crack at trying to lead consumers to the most worthwhile casinos in Vegas. Now, our own own team may have a look, examining overall brand recognition, amenities, available video gaming space, and typically the quality in the goods to bring you the unabridged list regarding the best casinos in Vegas for 2020. There are almost 80 casino attributes in Las Las vegas you can check out today and appreciate the range associated with amenities waiting for you. - Fortunately, it’s nonetheless close enough in order to attract a few guests who want to spend some time around the Tape. - Anyone can become the member and obtain a new free Wynn Rewards card, but there are levels to the particular memberships. - There is usually even an exclusive lounge for” “VIP and high tool customers who are trying to play with budgets that are a bit above the average pay-grade of just about all players. - On Expedia’s app, searches for flights to be able to LAS for Nice Bowl weekend spiked simply by 40 percent after the two teams had been determined. - On” “the initial floor, players will find a standard range of table games, slot machines and games. This online casino houses more compared to 1, 500 slot machines, with assorted thrilling games to pick from. They also have above twenty-six game tables and several online poker setups in case you’re into that will. The Silverton furthermore has another segment for gambling, in addition to you can drink on the favorite drink while you’re watching your group make lead. If you’re a holdem poker fan, you may recognize the Nugget’s Poker Room, that is one of the particular most famous within Vegas. Caesars Entertainment Casinos If you need to maximize your current probability of winning, move for table games just like blackjack, craps, baccarat, and roulette. As if that weren’t enough, the Contest” “and Sports Book offers lounge seating going through the huge DIRECTED video wall and HD screens. There will also be 23 video clip poker machines in this area, therefore feel free to sit back, place your bets, and luxuriate in a delicious cocktail. You’ll find all kinds of competitions at The Cosmopolitan casino throughout the year, and in case you want to come back soon, typically the casino has a rewards membership. - Special gives are available at this resort but are only available after being unlocked. - Every Vegas casino guarantees a fair and controlled playing experience, yet typically the likelihood of securing a larger payout varies with the on line casino game type and your level of experience. - And every gambler will find they build some preferences, whether or not you’re a beginner or an experienced poker tournament player. - However, just what people may not really know is that downtown Las Vegas offers so much to provide as well. - Car lovers may indulge their passions for superior auto design as well as the thrill of racing simply by taking a spin through the first-of-its-kind McLaren Experience Centre at Wynn, driven by O’Gara. They allow you to register and track all of your rewards by means of their Rewards web page. Platinum members get the most comps, but Pristine and Gold people also have plenty to appear forward to. All members could enjoy exclusive discount rates at stores engaged in the MGM Advantages system. The discount rates range from 5% for Sapphire card holders up to 15% % for Platinum plus NOIR cardholders. No 9: Luxor Hotel & On Line Casino – Las Las Vegas, Nevada Among typically the scratch cards and movie poker machines, you’ll find gorgeous flowery arrangements and dfgdtrhfgh through the entire building. Las Vegas’s Red Rock On line casino, Resort and Spa takes inspiration from typically the nearby Red Rock Canyon. In fact, the M provides a naturally lit up, open-air casino floor, with over ninety two, 000 square feet (8, 547 sq m) allocated in order to casino gaming. - The Place Station hotel and casino provides 576 rooms and a newly renovated 230, 000-square feet online casino. - The renovation has allowed the particular addition of additional than 500 slot machine game machines, which all customers can enjoy irrespective of their spending budget. - Vegas hotels generally sport impressive pool area complexes, shopping, eating out options, and regarding course, casinos. - In addition to the sprawling gaming flooring, Fontainebleau also boasts an 8-acre rooftop pool deck, 3, 644 guestrooms, and 27 as well as beverage outlets. - To this day, visitors choose this resort and casino to learn the famous Megabucks slots, which are usually among the one, 400 available. - The Bellagio is often called the most prestigious luxury resort within the Algunas Vegas Strip—known because of its luxury, high-stakes gambling, sports book, and beautiful gardens. With more than 50 casinos to choose from, it’s no wonder Las Vegas offers become synonymous along with gambling. Sin Town is home to some of the country’s leading gaming establishments, including these 10 that will have been identified as the best by our viewers for his or her variety in addition to atmosphere. I’ve composed another article list the top drinks in order to order in a new Vegas casino. And if you’re a new poker fanatic, Typically the Orleans is probably the ideal local destination inside Vegas with this game.

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What Is An E-commerce Store in 2021? – Marketing & Platforms Explained The world has seen some major economic changes in the past three decades. In fact, the millennials (children born in the late ’80s to early ‘90s) who make up a large part of the present-day economic force, find it amusing how their generation has seen the world shift so many times – and most of them are not even in their 30’s! In the past 20 years or so, there have been three major economic recessions, two global wars, and now the coronavirus pandemic. Despite these major setbacks in history, however, there were also developments in the field of technology. E-commerce, especially, has taken a massive turn in recent years. It gave way for online stores to make money selling goods online, with having a website as the only requirement. E-commerce is short for Electronic Commerce or Internet Commerce. It refers to businesses that operate digitally; the exchange of goods or services between sellers and consumers online. While this mostly refers to the transacting of physical goods, any service or product may be put up for trade via e-commerce so long as it meets one condition: The transaction is facilitated via the internet. Since the internet revolution, humanity has taken major leaps in science and technology. With the internet bringing the world closer together, feats that used to be insurmountable before became possible. Partnerships and cooperative movements that could never have happened were realised. All because the World Wide Web stitched the world together and brought communities closer. If you are an entrepreneur, internet commerce can be your best friend. It allows you to tap into markets that are otherwise beyond your reach using traditional methods. E-commerce can help you maximize profits while limiting losses through various methods of digital selling – like dropshipping, for instance. Because of the growing popularity of the industry, the number of e-commerce platforms that service online entrepreneurs are also increasing. Today, we attribute this digital guide to learning what e-commerce platforms are, how they can be useful tools in online selling and gathering consumer data, as well as why e-commerce marketing is far superior to traditional marketing methods. First things first, let us define what an e-commerce platform is. What Is an E-commerce Platform? Online stores carry and transact goods and services online, that much is basic knowledge. However, where exactly do these stores sell? Yes, they sell through E-commerce platforms. E-commerce platforms make another’s business, their business. They act as support for online entrepreneurs, giving them the tools and facilities needed to sell their products more strategically to target customers. Generally-speaking, e-commerce platforms provide several types of services. Examples of which are web hosting, online store building, consumer analysis tools, sales management software, and secure payment options. They also offer other related programs that may be helpful to an online store’s day-to-day operations. By availing online store building packages from e-commerce platforms, businesses can build websites hassle-free. They get access to premium themes, as well as easier payment options for their clients. The facilitative nature of e-commerce platforms is ideal for those who want to start their own internet business in as little time as possible. What Makes A Great E-commerce Platform? One quick search on Google will give you several great recommendations of e-commerce platforms to use, whether your business is in the product or service selling industry. However, what you have to remember is that these platforms are made to sell. It’s basically their business to sell online so they can easily entice you with unique offers and mesmerizing packages. Before you jump the gun and go with the first platform that catches your attention, it is best to deliberate your options in-depth. There are so many choices out there. We have Shopify, BigCommerce, and WooCommerce to name a few. It would be a shame to miss out on selling opportunities just because you chose the wrong one for your line of business. Fortunately, we’re here to help you figure out what makes the perfect e-commerce tool for your online store. There are generally three factors to look at when checking out e-commerce platforms: Shopping Cart Options Since you’re planning to open an online store, the very first thing you have to integrate into your shopping website is the “cart function.” Otherwise, how do you plan to manage the items your customers select? Needless to say, an e-commerce platform with no shopping cart function should not even be included in your options. Online shoppers, after all, are more encouraged to shop when a store is organized. A “shopping cart” will also subliminally influence them to purchase more than one item from your shop. It gives them the freedom to browse more items without losing track of previously liked items. Also, it gives them the opportunity to review whatever’s on their cart before check-out. Most platforms would have a built-in shopping cart to cater to the needs of stores that carry a wide array of products and services. This means that they offer a generic shopping cart function that is the same across all other stores that use their platform to run their business. You might be the type of business owner who likes to customise an “online experience” to fit your specific market. Thus, knowing that all other online stores would have the same shopping cart function as you may be dissatisfying. The best e-commerce platforms don’t just offer a shopping cart function. They also allow you to customise yours by letting you install third-party cart plug-ins to better serve your customers. If you feel like there is a specific shopping cart plug-in that you would want to use for your business, finding an e-commerce platform that would allow third-party plug-ins is the most ideal solution for you. This will give you more creative freedom over your online business and allow you to service your customers in the way you see fit. Availability of Creative Themes & Templates The biggest reason why you are opting to partner with an online store builder is to skip the hard parts of building a website – am I right? By taking advantage of an e-commerce platform’s “drag and drop” functionalities, you can skip the tedious work of coding. You also avoid having to pay expensively for an expert to do the job in your stead. With that said, you would want an e-commerce platform that will allow you to instill a certain level of creativity in your website design. After all, in the world of online commerce, aesthetics are a big deal. The thing you have to understand about online selling is that your saleability lies heavily on the visual aspect. The way you present your products and services to customers and clients will largely impact their buying decision. Unlike traditional shopping, consumers have no other way of determining the quality of the goods other than its visual presentation and description. Believe it or not, even a first-time shopper would be able to tell whether a business is A or B-grade based on how their online store looks. Thus, the availability of themes and templates to choose from is an important factor to consider when choosing an e-commerce platform to contract with. Whether your business is B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer), or C2B (Consumer to Business), you can give your store a better sense of identity when you have more themes and templates to choose from. It can give you more freedom to mix and match designs so that you can create an online space that best fits your shoppers’ needs. Mobile Responsiveness Is A Must It’s no secret – a large chunk of the global population use mobile devices to access the internet conveniently. They use it for posting updates on their social media channels down to adding items to their shopping cart. All in all, many people make use of handheld technologies to engage in internet activity. In fact, according to the latest data compiled by GSMA Intelligence, there is an estimated 5.16 bn unique mobile phone users worldwide. This is true even if we are to take out the significantly less faction of analog phone users (phones that do not have internet connectivity functions). There is still practically billions of people who access the internet on their phones daily. Whether it’s to simply access their social media accounts, or for something else entirely, the vastness of the mobile community is certain. It is enough to tell you that there is a lot of business potential there. Missing out on such a promising opportunity is a big waste. With that said, the e-commerce platform you partner with for your business should allow for mobile devices. The accurate term would be “mobile responsiveness.” When a website is not mobile responsive, several problems may arise. First, the browser version of the website may not necessarily fit into the small screen of mobile phones and other handheld gadgets. As per Zdnet, the average size of mobile devices is between 5 to 5.6 inches. If a website is made to fit a 17 or 19-inch desktop screen, it will undoubtedly look skewed in a mobile browser. This brought forth mobile-responsive designs, wherein websites are made adaptable to different screen sizes. If you are going to opt for an e-commerce platform, it is best that you look for one that supports mobile-responsive designs. There are billions of mobile users who favour online stores that make it convenient for them to shop. It’s a market opportunity that’s hard to miss. Just think about the impact a mobile responsive online store would have on your monthly sales and revenue. Unrivalled Support System Most importantly, the one factor that you have to carefully look at when choosing an e-commerce platform to partner with is the user support system that they provide. You are bound to come across a few twists and bumps as you run your e-commerce shop. However, that would not be a major hindrance to the growth of your business. As long as you receive excellent support from your website hosting provider, managing your e-store should be a breeze. When we say excellent support, we are mostly referring to the responsiveness of the provider. Especially, when an issue or problem has been brought to their attention. Do they offer 24/7 customer support? How fast can you reach them? How long does it take them to respond to your emails? These little things can heavily impact your business operations, and will ultimately affect the efficiency of your online store. For example, if the shopping cart feature in your website malfunctions and customers are unable to check-out their selected items for payment, you will lose a lot of business. You’d be surprised how fast people change their minds when they’re feeling inconvenienced. If your provider does not promptly address the root of the problem, you will end up losing even more customers. It might even affect your store’s reputation online – news travels very fast electronically, after all! This is why one of the best features you can look for in an e-commerce platform is their client support. The very best ones should be able to troubleshoot website-related problems in a jiffy. What Are The Best E-commerce Platforms? Now that we’ve covered what makes an e-commerce platform great, let’s discuss some of the best options to consider. Below, I’ve taken the liberty to list down some of the best and most popularly used e-commerce platforms. I’ll briefly introduce them one by one, starting with the industry’s top choice: Shopify. Sounds familiar? No doubt! Shopify is one of the biggest and most innovative e-commerce platforms in the World Wide Web. I wouldn’t be surprised if you have also done some shopping in a Shopify-sponsored store before. Many e-businesses choose Shopify as their store-building partner due to several convincing factors. This includes affordability, convenience, and popularity. One very big advantage of using Shopify is that it’s easy to use. Even a beginner at online store building is able to create a chic looking website with their click-on features, apps, and widgets. There are over 170 templates to choose from. Plus, they also allow you to customise a new design using the liquid template feature. Most of all, the reason why Shopify is the preferred choice of many e-businesses is because they have excellent user support. Many online store owners can attest to how prompt the Shopify team caters to complaints and troubleshooting issues. Shopify also has the Shopify App Store where you can find freemium and premium apps up for grabs. These apps can help you scale your business and grow your market reach (e.g. email marketing apps). The biggest downside to using Shopify is the transaction fee charged on top of the processors’ fees. This is often required by payment channels such as Stripe and Paypal. These transaction fees differ with the plan you avail, with the Basic Shopify plan incurring 2% fee per transaction. This fee is only waived if you use Shopify Payments. Other cons worthy of mention is that the platform does not support multi-languages – for free, that is. You can, however, pay to add the feature. Also, formatting non-commerce content to look the way you want is easier said than done. Another big name in the e-commerce industry is BigCommerce. They might as well be considered as Shopify’s biggest rival in the world of e-commerce platforms. According to the company, everything you might ever need to run your online business can be provided by them. From building your online store to managing your business marketing, they have the apps and tools for everything your business needs to grow and conquer online markets. BigCommerce offers two major advantages Shopify can’t: Unlimited Product Variants and Zero Transaction Fees. This is why they are favoured by many startup businesses. You can add as many new items as you want to the products you carry on site. Their zero transaction fees offer is also enticing for business owners. Many see it as an opportunity to offer their products at competitive prices without diminishing much of their monthly revenues. The store builder is also SEO-friendly, which means that a website they host is more likely to rank higher in Search Engine Page Results. The service pricing of BigCommerce is higher than Shopify, however. Not by a whole lot, but it certainly is higher. Also, they have something called “Annual Sales Threshold.” When hit, automatically converts your BigCommerce account to an upgraded package. This could mean added costs for your business. Like Shopify, BigCommerce does not have a multilingual feature. But unlike Shopify, there is no app or additional feature you can purchase to activate such multi-languages in your online store. The only way to do it is through code which can be terribly challenging if you don’t know the first thing about coding. If you are looking for an e-commerce platform that can complement your SEO, then WooCommerce may be a good choice. It’s a big bonus if you have worked with WordPress before as well, since the interface of the platform is quite similar to that of WP. One of the biggest advantages of WooCommerce is that you can create your website at no cost. It’s a free website builder and it’s also open-source. This means that basically anyone (e.g. other developers) can improve and alter its codes for customisation. It’s quite flexible and you can create a website that’s tailor-fit to your business’s needs. Since there are a lot of WooCommerce users, it is also fairly easy to reach out to its big community for help. As for the WooCommerce support team, many claims that they are not as prompt as they should be. Thus, it is best to manage your expectations when using it. While many themes and templates may be used free of charge, certain features require you to pay for them – including adding payment gateways and other app extensions. Still, if you are planning to use the website builder for business purposes, investing a little for helpful features are a given. It is also important to note that WooCommerce is a WordPress plug-in and is not a stand-alone e-commerce platform. One of the defining advantages of using Magento is its scalability. Your online store can start from humble beginnings and eventually develop into something more ambitious. Or, you can open with a bang right away! Whatever the case may be, Magento can support your vision for your online store with its easy-to-use features and tons of options for themes and templates. If you need extensions or added features, a quick visit to Magento Marketplaces should also provide you with what you need. There are over 4000 extensions to choose from; you’re bound to find something perfect for your online store. Magento is also SEO-friendly. Much of the sales traffic generated by online stores come from organic clicks and not ad clicks. If you want your online store to stand out and increase its chances of ranking higher in the Search Engine Results Pages (SERPs), this e-commerce platform may be just the thing for you. One important thing to note, however, is that Magento does not manage web hosting, unlike other e-commerce platforms like Shopify and Wix. Domain registration and configuration become the responsibility of the site owner and Magento can only help with the site’s building and design. While they offer freemium accounts for beginners and small-time e-businesses, Magento’s prices escalate real quick for larger companies. If you are running a larger operation, it might be best to look for another e-commerce platform. First off, Wix is not just an e-commerce platform – it is a well-known website builder for almost any type of website. Whether the website is for profit or non-profit, Wix can help you build it just the same. Like the previous platforms we’ve mentioned, Wix also offers a variety of templates, most of which are modern designs that are aesthetically pleasing to the eye. The “drag and drop” interface is also very convenient for first-timers, or people who are not into complex processes. Using the Wix App Market, you can easily add new features or extensions to make your online store easier to run. The site speed of Wix is also particularly fast, which is important to keep customers hooked on browsing your online store. Website speed is a big contributor to user satisfaction, after all. The website builder also offers freemium subscriptions so it’s ideal for aspiring e-business startups who are working with a limited budget. While Wix offers its services for free, there is still a catch. If you opt for the free build, the Wix branding on your site may come off a little too strong. From the domain name to the website itself, traces of Wix branding images are not hard to notice. You are also not allowed to interchange templates, which limits how much you can customise your website’s design. Lastly, your site is non-transferable so be sure to keep that in mind when you choose to build your online store with Wix. What Makes an E-commerce Store Successful? Now that you have been introduced to some of the best and most convenient e-commerce platforms to use, you must be wondering: How can you make your e-commerce store successful? Building your store online is just first of the many challenges you will have to face, after all. After your website is done, getting customers in is your next hurdle. No matter how great your website is, it would all be for naught if you fail to bring it to the attention of prospective buyers. In order to get the money rolling in, you will need to implement an effective E-commerce Marketing Strategy. What Is Ecommerce Marketing? Your marketing strategy differs depending on the nature of your online business. To briefly define it, e-commerce marketing refers to activities or efforts to bring your online business to the attention of the buying market. This can be achieved in more ways than one. For instance, you can: - Optimize Content For Search Engines (SEO); or engage in - Email Marketing - Social Media Advertising, such as Facebook/Instagram - Content Marketing - Citation Building - Influencer Marketing Or, you can combine different methods and come up with a diversified e-commerce marketing campaign. E-commerce Marketing helps startup businesses gain the attention of various markets. It helps them boost their branding efforts so that more and more people will come to trust their brand. The best way to learn E-commerce Marketing is taking a course on it. Online training or coaching programs like Ecom Warrior Academy by Matthew Lepre can equip you with the knowledge and skills every e-business owner needs to successfully run a profitable online operation. Starting an e-commerce store may seem like a lot of work at first, but your efforts will surely pay off once the business successfully takes off the ground. Always remember that you are one decision away from living a completely different life, so how about it?

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I dreamed that I was smoking In the world of dreams, smoking carries various symbols and connotations that may arouse curiosity and lead the dreamer to think about their meanings. Seeing a person smoking in his dream may indicate that he faces problems that deprive him of comfort, and there is a belief that completing the smoking process until the end of the cigarette expresses a problem that may be followed by solutions. Smoking in a dream may also be an indication of exposing a secret or information that the dreamer was keen to hide, as the rising smoke symbolizes the spread of news. If the same person is found smoking alone in a dream, this may mean that he has plans that may not produce the desired results, or they may lead to unsuccessful results. Whoever smokes with others in his dream, this may express harmful friendships or conspiracies with others that may end with bad consequences. Trying smoking for the first time in a dream may indicate engaging in wrong behavior or committing a new sin, and continuing with it without stopping may lead to addiction. Smoking in dreams expresses situations or decisions that may seem good at first, but their complications appear over time. The damage resulting from a cigarette in a dream may symbolize falling into problems or temptations that lead to material or moral losses. Inhaling smoke in a dream without seeing it come out indicates carrying worries without talking about them, and is a warning to the dreamer to share what is weighing on his mind. Exhaling thick smoke from the mouth may mean exposure to successive and complex problems, especially if they affect the vision in the dream. Blowing out smoke may be a symbol of relief after fatigue or relief after stress, especially for smokers, but for non-smokers it may symbolize internal problems. Colored cigarette smoke, such as yellow, black, blue, or white, has different connotations, ranging from envy and temporary problems to relief after hardship, discovering facts, or reaching a positive solution after fatigue. Interpretation of a dream about smoking by Ibn Sirin In the world of dreams and their interpretations, the symbol of smoking carries multiple connotations that vary according to the dreamer’s context and circumstances in reality. When a person finds himself smoking in a dream, this may be a reflection of his psychological state and the pressures and feelings of anxiety and tension that he carries within him. This vision is seen as an indication that the dreamer may face complex problems or situations in the near future, especially if he is actually a smoker. However, if the dreamer is a non-smoker and finds himself smoking in a dream, this may indicate his cautious personality traits and his constant desire to protect himself from any potential dangers, which reflects his wisdom and insight in dealing with life. Sitting among a group of people who smoke without joining the dreamer may indicate a feeling of anxiety or threat due to conspiracies or problems being woven around him, which requires him to be careful and attentive. As for the vision in which the dreamer quits smoking, it highlights the strength of will and the ability to overcome obstacles. While seeing another person smoking carries the possibility of disagreement or conflict between the dreamer and this person. Whoever sees himself smoking in a place where this habit is prohibited may be an indication that the dreamer finds himself in a difficult situation that is difficult for him to deal with. Black smoke rising from a cigarette may be a warning of material losses or problems, while natural smoke may indicate success and overcoming obstacles. Interpretation of seeing smoking in a dream for a man In dream interpretations that offer a contemporary view of men's smoking visions, special meanings and messages can be seen that vary depending on the context of the dream. Smoking an entire pack of cigarettes in a dream appears as a warning sign against actions that may harm the dreamer and his relationships, explaining the importance of a person taking care of his morals and being loyal to those around him. On the other hand, seeing oneself sad while smoking raises hope, confirming the dreamer’s ability to overcome difficulties and achieve success in his career. Smoking in dreams, especially for those who suffer from financial pressure, also brings good news of finding solutions to their problems, provided that they abandon some negative habits represented by smoking. Smoking in a wide, open space is considered a good omen, promising blessings and the repayment of debts, providing an optimistic outlook towards the financial future. However, if he is the only person who smokes among his friends, this may indicate making decisions that may be unsuccessful and adopting behaviors that may be harmful, which requires reviewing and correcting the course. Interpretation of seeing smoking in a dream for a single girl In the world of dreams, a single girl may find herself holding a cigarette and smoking in a way that is surprising in light of the serenity of her real life. This picture, as strange as it seems, carries within it deep connotations about her social and emotional life. Smoking here indicates the presence of many people around the girl who, despite their closeness, harbor insincere feelings for her, ranging from hatred to jealousy. At the same time, this scene reveals the purity of her soul and the kindness of her heart, which attracts people to her like butterflies to the light, even if some of them still seek to destabilize her emotional and social stability. When smoking takes on an unusual or worrying nature in her dream, this may be an indication of the accumulation of sorrows and worries resulting from emotional situations, financial problems, or even psychological crises that she is experiencing. This is a sign of the need to re-evaluate the situation and look for ways out or solutions to the dilemmas you are facing. If the dream involves her feeling pleasure from smoking, this may indicate that there is a person in her life who shows kindness and love, but behind those feelings lie unkind intentions and a bad personality that will soon reveal what it is. Lighting and extinguishing a cigarette in a dream The appearance of a cigarette in dreams carries multiple connotations that can reflect psychological conditions and challenges that the individual faces in reality. For example, if a person sees in his dream that he is lighting a cigarette, this may symbolize the beginning of a period of challenges or crises. A person who is able to complete the smoking process until the end of the cigarette may find that the problem he faces is solved quickly. While failure to complete it may indicate that problems will persist for a long time, in the end they will not last forever. Lighting one cigarette from another in a dream could suggest a succession of problems or indulging in fun and entertainment far from the truth, which is harmful to the person himself. When a person lights a cigarette for another in a dream, this is an indication that he is pushing the other towards a problem or a mistake, thereby participating in committing it. On the other hand, extinguishing a cigarette in a dream carries a positive meaning that indicates facing problems and solving them. Extinguishing a cigarette at the beginning indicates standing firm before the problem escalates, while extinguishing it at the end means becoming aware of the problem after a while, but without it being too late to correct it. Seeing a burning cigarette thrown away in a dream may express attempts to get rid of affliction or conflicts. As for throwing it into the water, it could symbolize the search for comfort after a period of toil, and the hope for a happy end to the suffering. Cigarette butts suggest the consequences of an individual's decisions and the consequences of his actions. On the other hand, an ashtray or ashtray in a dream indicates gatherings or relationships that do not carry within them good, as it becomes a place for collecting negativity such as ashes and butts. Interpretation of a dream about smoking for a dead person in a dream In the world of dreams, symbols and connotations may intertwine to reveal deep meanings related to the dreamer and his relationship with his loved ones who have passed away. If the dead person appears in a dream while he is smoking, especially if he was accustomed to smoking in his life, then this vision may carry multiple interpretations that are closely related to the feelings and behaviors of the dreamer. When a dead person is seen smoking, this may be a reflection of the nostalgia and longing that the dreamer has for this person. This vision, in essence, could be a means used by the subconscious to connect the dreamer to the past and his or her feelings toward the deceased. In another context, smoking in a dream may carry a directive or warning message for the dreamer. If the dead person's actions were positive, it may indicate an invitation to follow a similar approach to life and adopt good habits. Conversely, if smoking is viewed as an undesirable behavior, this may discourage the dreamer from indulging in bad habits or stopping a certain behavior. If the dead person asks for a cigarette in a dream, and he was known to have a smoking habit, then this may symbolize the desire of the deceased to continue remembering and praying for him. If the dead person was not a smoker, this vision may be a reflection of the dreamer’s inner anxiety. Giving a dead person a cigarette in a dream may be an indication of losses or losses in the dreamer’s life. While receiving a cigarette from a dead person may represent obtaining something valuable, it may not always be accompanied by a feeling of satisfaction. Interpretation of seeing smoking in a dream for a married woman In dream interpretation, a married woman’s vision of herself smoking carries multiple and profound meanings. This vision may indicate the presence of tension and instability in the marital relationship, as smoke in the dream reflects a state of ambiguity and lack of clarity in relationships or feelings. If a woman appears sad while smoking, this may symbolize her feeling of betrayal or treachery from people close to her, which portends escalation of disputes with her life partner. On the other hand, a married woman’s dream that one of her sons smokes may express her concern about the friends her children are with and the influences that may expose them to danger, or it may reflect the son going through difficult experiences that affect his psychological comfort. Interpretation of seeing smoking in a dream for a pregnant woman To see a pregnant woman smoking in dreams is a vision that may be full of symbolism and multiple meanings. This vision is seen to reflect a range of emotions and challenges that a woman may face during pregnancy. First, a vision where a pregnant woman appears smoking may be an indication of how anxious and stressed she feels about her ability to care for the fetus and complete the pregnancy safely. This vision highlights the hidden fear of the unknown and the anxiety that things may not go according to plan. Secondly, if the vision contains thick, billowing smoke, this may be interpreted as a symbol of health or psychological obstacles that a woman may face during pregnancy. This encounter with thick smoke can symbolize feeling stressed and unable to breathe freely due to new responsibilities and challenges. Thirdly, when a pregnant woman dreams that she is smoking cigarettes, this may reflect the presence of psychological challenges or difficulties in the relationship with her partner. Cigarettes in a dream can be a symbol of seeking comfort or escaping from family pressures or repressed feelings. If she sees in her dream that she is holding a cigarette without smoking it, this may indicate hope and optimism despite difficult circumstances. An unlit cigarette reflects inner strength and fortitude in the face of financial or family difficulties, and symbolizes hope for achieving stability and livelihood in the future. Interpretation of a dream about smoking for a non-smoker A dream about smoking for someone who does not smoke in reality may seem strange and loaded with complex symbols. Firstly, this dream can be considered as a warning sign that expresses slipping towards mistakes or undesirable behaviour. This dream may serve as a siren to draw a person’s attention to concerns or problems swimming around him from all directions, which he may not clearly realize in his waking life. On the other hand, this dream may reveal the anxiety and instability that the person experiences, as he may face challenges that cause him unhappiness and frustration. However, there is a glimmer of hope; The dream can be interpreted as evidence of the strength inherent within the person that enables him to overcome these challenges and solve problems successfully. Rising smoke in a dream can symbolize news and secrets spreading quickly, and is a reminder of the importance of being careful about what a person shares with others. For someone who dreams that he is smoking for the first time, this may be an expression of confrontation with sins or mistakes, with an implicit call for correction and repentance. Smoking in a dream may also indicate the influence of bad friends or the presence of situations that bring problems and temptations. In this context, the dream can be an alert to think carefully about personal relationships and stay away from negative relationships. Dreaming about smoking without producing smoke may also reflect the concerns that a person carries inside him without expressing them to others, which calls for attention to mental health and effective communication with the surroundings. Seeing a relative drinking cigarettes Seeing a person smoking in a dream may carry multiple connotations that vary depending on the relationship between the dreamer and the person smoking in the dream. If the smoker in the dream is suffering from stress and anxiety, the vision could reflect his disturbed psychological state, which indicates the need to seek support and help. However, if the smoker in the dream is an unknown person, the vision may express hidden desires in the dreamer that would be better not to come to light. If you see a family member smoking, this may indicate the presence of momentary disputes that do not last long, as the density or smell of smoke reflects the size and quality of the conflict. Seeing a relative smoking may also indicate illogical or imaginary promises that may link the dreamer to that person in a specific practical or project context. When seeing a father or mother smoking in a dream, if they smoke in reality, the vision may be a reflection of anxiety about an issue that is troubling them. If they are not smokers in reality, the vision could represent their departure from the norm or a deviation in a decision. As for seeing a brother smoking, it usually indicates the existence of a dispute that will go away with time. If you see a friend smoking, it may express a bad relationship, especially if the person seeing the dream is not a smoker. If the dreamer is already a smoker and sees his friend smoking, it may be indicated that they agreed on an act that would have bad consequences. Quitting smoking in a dream In dreams, quitting smoking symbolizes a striking and positive transformation in one's life. This vision serves as a strong signal of the expected positive transformations, portending good news and openness towards a new chapter filled with goodness and prosperity. Here are the implications of this dream: 1. Dreaming of quitting smoking in a dream shows distancing oneself from situations that may lead to trouble and problems, and striving towards a more peaceful and secure environment. 2. The dream highlights the individual’s care with the words he utters and staying away from promoting negative news that may cause calamities. 3. The vision reflects the individual’s desire to repair what he has corrupted through repentance and determination not to return to previous behaviors. 4. Seeing quitting smoking in a dream may indicate the internal and psychological challenges that the individual is experiencing, calling on him to confront and overcome them. 5. Seeing yourself quitting smoking in a dream expresses changing the individual’s social patterns and making sure to choose company that contributes to his growth and development. 6. This dream indicates the individual’s readiness to make a tangible change in his life that may change its course for the better. It foretells the possibility of reaching goals that were previously impossible and achieving ambitions that were thought unattainable. 8. The dream indicates the individual’s liberation from relationships that were a burden on himself and replacing them with positive relationships that help him grow and develop. 9. Dreaming of quitting smoking in a dream indicates that there are people in the dreamer’s life who provide him with the necessary support to overcome adversity and problems. Which symbolizes the receding of the difficulties that were burdening the dreamer and the approaching period of relief and tranquility. Interpretation of a dream about my father smoking in a dream The image of a father smoking in a dream may appear as a sign with multiple connotations that vary depending on who sees it. When a man sees in his dream that his father is smoking, this vision may be a mirror that reflects challenges or dilemmas that the father may face, causing him anxiety and doubt, and depriving him of peace and reassurance. It is as if he points to a cloud of worries over the father's sky. For a single girl who dreams of seeing her father smoking, this vision may indicate the emergence or exposure of some secrets related to the father, because smoke sometimes symbolizes news or information that spreads and becomes known to the public. Here the idea is formed that the smoke carries a warning against revealing things that may be hidden. As for a married woman who sees her father smoking in a dream, this image may carry negative consequences or consequences coming to the father, perhaps due to external influences or unsuccessful choices. This vision can suggest the need to pay attention to certain individuals or influences that may be harmful. Interpretation of a dream about seeing a hookah in a dream In the world of dreams, a person seeing himself smoking a hookah may have multiple connotations, depending on the view and belief of some people. At times, it is seen as a sign that indicates the amazement and questions that prevail in the mind of the person regarding the events of life surrounding him. It is also believed that smoking a hookah in a dream may reflect the feeling of negative energy surrounding the dreamer, which indicates a state of anxiety or internal turmoil. For a pregnant woman who sees herself smoking a hookah in a dream, it is said that this vision may send a message of optimism about a safe birth and good health for the newborn, according to certain perceptions. As for a married woman who dreams of smoking a hookah, it is said that her dream may indicate a period of mood changes and perhaps economic difficulties that she may face, as an indication of the challenges she is going through. In the case of young people, some interpret the dream of smoking a hookah as meaning that it may represent a disturbance in the psychological state, and a reflection of a period of feeling pressure and emotional tension. Interpretation of the dream of seeing a cigarette ashtray in a dream by Ibn Sirin In our journey to explore the meanings of dreams, we find that seeing an ashtray creates a wide spectrum of possible meanings and signals. It is a symbol that may convey to us various messages that vary depending on the context and the personal situation of the person seeing it. If an ashtray appears in your dream, it may express standing up to great challenges and facing difficulties with courage and determination. It is a symbol of stability and resilience in the face of life's storms. On the other hand, if you find yourself carrying an ashtray in a dream, this may be an indication of the heavy burden and responsibilities placed on your shoulders. This vision calls you to feel the importance of the role you play in your daily life and encourages you to bear responsibility with all due respect. When a person dreams that he is putting out the end of a cigarette in an ashtray, this may indicate self-reflection and an attempt to get rid of negative behaviors or habits. This act of extinguishing the fire can carry with it the intention of reforming and starting with a new page. Dreaming about an ashtray may be a reflection of the psychological state of the dreamer, showing the pressures and difficult circumstances in his life. This symbol urges the dreamer to search for ways to adapt and deal with pressures with a renewed spirit and a look of hope.

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A master of discipline and leadership, retired Navy SEAL Jocko Willink is a source of inspiration for all. Read a collection of motivational Jocko Willink quotes below. Do you have a personal connection to the military? John Gretton “Jocko” Willink is most well-known for co-authoring the New York Times bestselling books Extreme Ownership and The Dichotomy of Leadership. Willink received many awards throughout his military career, including the Silver Star Medal and the Bronze Star. Willink now co-hosts a weekly podcast entitled The Jocko Podcast. During the podcast, Willink discusses a variety of different topics including leadership, self-control, and his experiences as a Navy SEAL with his co-host Echo Charles. Read these Jocko Willink quotes to gain insights into his perspectives on leadership, success, wellness, and more. We also have a collection of Chesty Puller quotes that will motivate you to push it to the limits. Be sure to also read that. Check out our most popular quote article, a list of short inspirational quotes for daily inspiration. Our inspirational quotes category page has all of our motivational quotes for all the different areas of life. Powerful Jocko Willink quotes 1. “The more you practice, the better you get, the more freedom you have to create.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Practice won’t make you perfect at something, but it will make you better. When you get better at something, you can do it quicker and more easily. That frees up time that you can use for other things. It also might bring you new opportunities. There is freedom to be found in doing your best. You will also enjoy our article on veterans day quotes. 2. “The leader is truly and ultimately responsible for everything.” – Jocko Willink You will also enjoy our article on Navy quotes 3. “Leadership is simple, but not easy.” – Jocko Willink You will also enjoy our article on unappreciated quotes. 4. “Good leaders don’t make excuses. Instead, they figure out a way to get it done.” – Jocko Willink You will also enjoy our article on badass quotes. 5. “A good leader has nothing to prove, but everything to prove.” – Jocko Willink You will also enjoy our article on Captain America quotes. 6. “There can be no leadership when there is no team.” – Jocko Willink You will also enjoy our article on discipline quotes. 7. “I know that somewhere out there, another man is also preparing. That man is the enemy.” – Jocko Willink 8. “Didn’t get promoted? Good. More time to get better.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Sure, setbacks like this one do not feel good. Not everything in life does. However, this does not mean you failed. This means you can continue to learn, improve, and be better. Maybe there is an even bigger opportunity waiting for you, and this just wasn’t the right moment. Don’t give up, keep going, and your moment will come. 9. “Extreme Ownership is a mind-set, an attitude.” – Jocko Willink 10. “It’s not what you preach, it’s what you tolerate.” – Jocko Willink 11. “When setting expectations, no matter what has been said or written, if substandard performance is accepted and no one is held accountable — if there are no consequences — that poor performance becomes the new standard. Therefore, leaders must enforce standards.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: This is great advice for anyone: leaders, parents, and anyone trying to achieve a goal. Follow through matters. Once an expectation is set, then we need to hold ourselves (and sometimes others) accountable. Check out this article for more tips on managing accountability. 12. “Just do some kind of workout. Doesn’t matter if it’s going for a walk around the block, going for a jog, doing some calisthenics, lifting weights, going to a pool and swimming – you name it. But do something that gets your blood flowing and gets your mind in the game.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: There are mental and physical benefits to being active each day. Physical activity causes your brain to releases chemicals like dopamine and serotonin, which are responsible for feeling happy and good. Physically, you keep your joints and organs working in an optimal manner when you are active. Bonus points if you take your activity out into nature! 13. “Jiu-Jitsu is probably the No. 1 activity that I could recommend to someone to improve their lives overall.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: What is Jiu-Jitsu and why is good for you? Well, Jiu-Jitsu is a form of Japanese martial arts that was developed based on the warrior class of the 17th century. Physically, it is could for weight management, flexibility, heart health, and overall conditioning. Mentally, it helps you learn discipline and focus while also improving your problem solving skills. If those aren’t enough reasons, you will also be much safer if you find yourself the victim of a physical attack. 14. “It is essential to develop a standardized planning process.” – Jocko Willink Jocko Willink quotes about leadership 15. “Leading people is the most challenging and, therefore, the most gratifying undertaking of all human endeavors.” – Jocko Willink 16. “We learned that leadership requires belief in the mission and unyielding perseverance to achieve victory, particularly when doubters question whether victory is even possible.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: People will follow a leader long before they sign up to follow a vision. This is why leaders within an organization should be good leaders that people want to get behind. If you don’t have the right leadership in place, then the vision is almost certainly doomed. 17. “The goal of all leaders should be to work themselves out of a job. When mentored and coached properly, the junior leader can eventually replace the senior leader, allowing the senior leader to move on to the next level of leadership.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: This is the downfall of many leaders. They fail to teach the people they supervise to be better than they are. When a leader’s own insecurity or need to be the best is greater than their need to mentor those around them, the organization will suffer. It is the mark of true leader that can allow others to shine brighter than themselves! 18. “One of the key qualities a leader must possess is the ability to detach from the chaos, mayhem, and emotions in a situation and make good, clear decisions based on what is actually happening.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: This ability is also known as emotional intelligence. According to Daniel Goleman, the American psychologist who popularized the term, there are five key components to emotional intelligence. These elements are: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. Self-awareness and self-regulation would include the qualities that Jocko mentions. 19. “A good leader does not get bogged down in the minutia of a tactical problem at the expense of strategic success.” – Jocko Willink 20. “A leader must lead, but also be ready to follow. They must be aggressive, but not overbearing. A leader must be calm, but not robotic. They must be confident but never cocky. A leader must be brave, but not foolhardy. They must have a competitive spirit, but be a gracious loser.” – Jocko Willink 21. “The temptation to take the easy road is always there. It is as easy as staying in bed in the morning and sleeping in. But discipline is paramount to ultimate success and victory for any leader and any team.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Discipline is the answer to everything in life. Want to be healthier? That takes discipline to eat well and exercise. Want to achieve your dreams? That takes discipline to avoid distractions and stay focused. Check out this article for tips on improving your level of self-discipline. 22. “Put your leaders in stressful scenarios. Make them figure out solutions under pressure. See if you can make them frustrated, angry, and flustered, and then demand decisive leadership from them. They will be challenged at first, but they will get better over time.” – Jocko Willink 23. “Leadership requires finding the equilibrium in the dichotomy of many seemingly contradictory qualities, between one extreme and another.” – Jocko Willink 24. “If I went back to my 20-year-old self, what I would tell my 20-year-old self is, ‘You don’t know anything.’ Because everyone, when they’re young, they think they know what’s going on in the world, and you don’t.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Most people are “guilty” of this and most people would have something to say to their younger selves. However, we can not go back in time. What we can do is have an attitude of always being willing to listen, learn, and accept that we can take away something new from everyone! 25. “When I was running training, we would fire a couple of leaders from every SEAL team because they couldn’t lead. And 99.9% of the time, it wasn’t a question of their ability – it was a question of their ability to listen.” – Jocko Willink 26. “The best leaders understand the motivations of their team members and know their people – their lives and their families. But a leader must never grow so close to subordinates that one member of the team becomes more important than another, or more important than the mission itself.” – Jocko Willink 27. “Overconfidence was risky in such a hostile environment, a mistake most often made by warriors who had never truly been tested.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Confidence is great. We need it to be successful. However, part of confidence is recognizing the areas you are not an expert in and seeking mentorship and guidance. Learning from someone else doesn’t mean you lack confidence, it means you are confident enough to accept help. 28. “Staying ahead of the curve prevents a leader from being overwhelmed when pressure is applied and enables greater decisiveness.” – Jocko Willink 29. “While discipline and freedom seem like they sit on opposite sides of the spectrum, they are actually very connected.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Create a life that is disciplined by creating a routine, prioritizing your work, and being focused. This will lead to working processes and shorter time spent trying to get things done. This will open you up to more free time. Being disciplined enough to do the work to follow your passions and dreams, will also make you live a life that feels much more free. 30. “Leaders must always operate with the understanding that they are part of something greater than themselves and their own personal interests.” – Jocko Willink 31. “I’m always reading the next book. Taking notes. Highlighting, researching, studying. It doesn’t stop.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: You are capable of learning and understanding much more than you give yourself credit for. If something interests you, then put in the work to master it. You don’t have to have a natural talent. Hard work and effort will win every time! Also check out these Thomas Paine quotes that will make you question your philosophy. Jocko Willink quotes on discipline 32. “I would venture to guess that the biggest reason creative types don’t produce isn’t because they don’t have vision… or talent… in most cases, it’s a lack of discipline.” – Jocko Willink 33. “Don’t think in the morning. That’s a big mistake that people make. They wake up in the morning and they start thinking. Don’t think. Just execute the plan. The plan is the alarm clock goes off, you get up, you go work out. Get some.” – Jocko Willink 34. “If you continue to keep low performers on your team, that are actually dragging the team down; you’re failing the whole team, and eventually, the whole team is going to fail.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: You are only as strong as your weakest link. This goes for teams in business and the people we include in our inner circles. Work with people and see if you can help them improve, but if they are truly draining you or the team, then know when to let go! 35. “If you allow the status quo to persist, you can’t expect to improve performance, and you can’t expect to win.” – Jocko Willink 36. “That nice, soft pillow and the warm blanket, and it’s all comfortable, and no one wants to leave that comfort – but if you can wake up early in the morning, get a head start on everyone else that’s still sleeping, get productive time doing things that you need to do – that’s a huge piece to moving your life forward.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: People are notorious for wanting to stay inside their comfort zones. We do not like to do things that make us feel uncomfortable. However, since most people will never leave their comfort zones, you can jump ahead of the crowd by doing so! 37. “We all have a tendency to avoid our weaknesses. When we do that, we never progress or get any better.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Your weaknesses are not something you should avoid or be ignorant about. Being self-aware can help you improve on your weaknesses because you acknowledge they exist. Then you can work on being your best self by focusing your attention on what needs improvement. Make progress and face your weaknesses head on. 38. “There are people in the world who have skills and strength and talent that I will never have. Never. These notions that you can ‘be whatever you want to be as long as you want it bad enough’ are not true. They are fairy tales.” – Jocko Willink Learn the secrets of success with these Alexander the Great quotes. Jocko Willink quotes on military 39. “What makes you a SEAL, what makes you a SEAL is being a good tactician on the battlefield, understanding how to shoot, move, and communicate, knowing small unit maneuver warfare.” – Jocko Willink 40. “They didn’t have to jump for joy at the thought of fighting alongside Iraqi soldiers on a dangerous battlefield. But they did have to understand why they were doing it so that they could believe in the mission.” – Jocko Willink 41. “If frontline troops are unclear about the plan and yet are too intimidated to ask questions, the team’s ability to effectively execute the plan radically decreases.” – Jocko Willink 42. “Waking up early was the first example I noticed in the SEAL Teams in which discipline was really the difference between being good and being exceptional.” – Jocko Willink 43. “SEALs are human beings. We may all have the same haircuts, but we aren’t robots. Some SEALs are great people. Some are not great people. Some have done unspeakably terrible things. You’re dealing with different people, different dreams, different desires.” – Jocko Willink Short inspirational Jocko Willink quotes 44. “Don’t expect to be motivated every day to get out there and make things happen. You won’t be. Don’t count on motivation. Count on Discipline.” – Jocko Willink 45. “People do not follow robots.” – Jocko Willink 46. “Getting out of bed is like the foundation of the discipline, and I think it carries over into everything else.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Get out of bed in a way that sets you up for success during the day. Wake up early enough so that you are not rushing in the morning. Don’t hit the snooze button. Also, try having a morning routine. You will be amazed at how this one small shift will carry into other areas of your life. 47. “Ego clouds and disrupts everything.” – Jocko Willink 48. “Stop researching every aspect of it and reading all about it and debating the pros and cons of it … Start doing it.” – Jocko Willink 49. “Don’t fight stress. Embrace it. Turn it on itself. Use it to make yourself sharper and more alert. Use it to make you think and learn and get better and smarter and more effective. Use the stress to make you a better you.” – Jocko Willink 50. “Things won’t get better dwelling on the past. Accept what has happened. Then move forward.” – Jocko Willink You might also like these CT Fletcher quotes to unleash your inner beast. Insightful Jocko Willink quotes and sayings 51. “When personal agendas become more important than the team and the overarching mission’s success, performance suffers and failure ensues.” – Jocko Willink 52. “Everyone wants some magic pill—some life hack—that eliminates the need to do the work. But that does not exist.” – Jocko Willink 53. “Once the wheels were in motion and the full resources of the team were engaged in that highest priority effort, I could then determine the next priority, focus the team’s efforts there, and then move on to the next priority.” – Jocko Willink If you’re enjoying these quotes, you’ll love our collection of setting priority quotes that will help you identify what the most important things are to you. 54. “Go down swinging. And I’ll tell you: If you fight with all you have, more often than not, you won’t go down at all. You will win.” – Jocko Willink 55. “To implement real change, to drive people to accomplish something truly complex or difficult or dangerous — you can’t make people do these things. You have to lead them.” – Jocko Willink 56. “There are people in the world who have skills and strength and talent that I will never have. Never. These notions that you can ‘be whatever you want to be as long as you want it bad enough’ are not true. They are fairy tales.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: There will always be someone who is more talented than you, smarter than you, and has things you don’t. That does not mean you can not be successful. Are they putting in the work and using anything they have to their advantage? You might not be the best at “whatever you want to be.” Yet, I think fairy tales do come true to some extent. and you can be anything you want! 57. “All animals, including humans, need to see the connection between action and consequence in order to learn or react appropriately.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: Every choice we make, action we take, or words we say has some kind of consequence attached to it. Sometimes they are negative consequences, but consequences can also be positive. It is this reaction of action and consequences that shapes much of our behavior. 58. “You’re not going to find happiness. You have to make it. So get out there and make some happiness.” – Jocko Willink 59. “A lot of times, people have something that they’re afraid of. They’ve got a client that’s mad at them. They’ve got a project that’s due. And they let that stress hang over their head. I don’t let that happen.” – Jocko Willink Everyday Application: It sounds so simple, but it is powerful advice. How can you just not let stress like that happen though? Of course you can reduce stress by taking care of yourself: eat right, exercise, and get enough sleep. However, you can also plan more, prioritize your time, and stay organized so tasks don’t add more stress! 60. “If you don’t think you are disciplined: It is because you haven’t decided to be disciplined. Yet.” – Jocko Willink Thought-provoking Jocko Willink quotes 61. “Discipline equals freedom.” – Jocko Willink 62. “Don’t let your mind control you. Control your mind.” – Jocko Willink 63. “There is no growth in the comfort zone.” – Jocko Willink 64. “Cover and Move, Simple, Prioritize and Execute, and Decentralized Command.” – Jocko Willink 65. “Leadership isn’t one person leading a team. It is a group of leaders working together, up and down the chain of command, to lead.” – Jocko Willink 66. “Instead of letting the situation dictate our decisions, we must dictate the situation.” – Jocko Willink 67. “Don’t ask your leader what you should do, tell them what you are going to do.” – Jocko Willink 68. “Good leaders are rare; bad leaders are common.” – Jocko Willink 69. “There is no one else to blame. The leader must acknowledge mistakes and admit failures, take ownership of them, and develop a plan to win.” – Jocko Willink 70. “As leaders, we must not get dragged into the details but instead remain focused on the bigger picture.” – Jocko Willink More Jocko Willink quotes 71. “Faster. Stronger. Smarter. More humble. Less ego.” – Jocko Willink 72. “Generally, when a leader struggles, the root cause behind the problem is that the leader has leaned too far in one direction and steered off course. Awareness.” – Jocko Willink 73. “So how can a leader become great if they lack the natural characteristics necessary to lead? The answer is simple: a good leader builds a great team that counterbalances their weaknesses.” – Jocko Willink 74. “Although discipline demands control and asceticism, it actually results in freedom. When you have the discipline to get up early, you are rewarded with more free time.” – Jocko Willink 75. “Take care of your gear and your gear will take care of you.” – Jocko Willink 76. “The focus must always be on how to best accomplish the mission.” – Jocko Willink 77. “A leader must care about the troops, but at the same time the leader must complete the mission, and in doing so there will be risk and sometimes unavoidable consequences to the troops.” – Jocko Willink 78. “Even the most competent of leaders can be overwhelmed if they try to tackle multiple problems or a number of tasks simultaneously.” – Jocko Willink 79. “Once people stop making excuses, stop blaming others, and take ownership of everything in their lives, they are compelled to take action to solve their problems.” – Jocko Willink 80. “It is critical for leaders to act decisively amid uncertainty; to make the best decisions they can be based on only the immediate information available.” – Jocko Willink How disciplined are you? Becoming more disciplined is a goal of many. A piece of advice that Jocko Willink gives above, is to wake up early. If you want to become a morning person, commit to a schedule. Try to wake up and go to bed at the same times every day. Schedule an alarm on your phone to ensure you’ll stick to it. To help yourself wake up earlier, put activities into your routine that will make you excited about going to sleep. For example, treat yourself to an awesome breakfast or watch your favorite television show while you get dressed. With time, you may find that you’re more of an early riser than you thought. What’s your favorite quote from Jocko Willink? Tell us your thoughts in the comments section below!

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Bruce Katz really had no choice but to get back into the shoe business after a near 30-year hiatus. You see, the cofounder of The Rockport Company was down to the last few cherished pairs of his favorite (Rocksport) style—the remnants of a 24-pair haul that he had taken with him upon selling the company to Reebok in 1986. Katz got to worrying about the “really sad day” that would soon arrive when he wouldn’t be able to retrieve another trusty pair from his attic. Not long after his father, Saul, passed away in 2012, Katz’s eight-year-old daughter showed him a shoe she had drawn and suggested they design shoes together. The two events got him thinking about his family’s rich footwear-making legacy. “I didn’t know she had any idea that I had been in the shoe business, but I guess she’d gotten that information from my father (cofounder of Rockport) before he passed,” Katz says. “I started thinking about our family legacy and how my daughter would never know about it.” Katz thought a lot about his grandfather, Samuel Katz, and Hubbard Shoes, the manufacturing company he founded in 1930 in Rochester, N.H. Katz’s father worked there for decades until the Asian sourcing shift forced it to shutter and put him on a path to sourcing shoes in Brazil that would evolve into The Rockport Company. Katz became enamored with the idea of reintroducing the factory’s name to the marketplace as a shoe brand. He also thought about his love of building businesses. (During his 27-year footwear hiatus, Katz’s startup ventures included fish farming, flavored teas, trash recycling, owning Esprit, designing mountain bikes, solar panel installation, home building and hotel ownership. He was also deeply involved in the technology sector, leading Internet startups and designing software.) But as fate would have it, Katz was between startups. Plus, the man who sailed around the world—logging 270,000 nautical miles post-Rockport—now had a family and was facing the prospect of being dry-docked until his daughter went off to college. “I just love to build businesses, but I didn’t have one for a few years, and I’d been looking for one that I could sink my teeth into,” Katz says, noting that during this brief career lull he kept busy. “First I rebuilt our house, then I built a garden, but I was also tired of having so many different businesses.” Katz recalled some frequently offered advice from friends: “That I should make shoes again—do something that I at least know something about,” he says with a laugh. That brings us back to Katz’s cherished Rocksports. Initially, he thought small: travel to Italy to have a craftsman replicate a batch for his personal wardrobe. But he decided to take it a step further and design a few styles that he would sell on his own website. Nothing big, he thought—just a small inventory and all very low key. “I started this with very modest ambitions,” Katz says. “I thought I’d sell them like grandma’s jam, out of the garage.” That might have been the plan, but that’s not what’s happened since Katz introduced Samuel Hubbard to the world in 2014. The brand has caught on like wildfire, fueled by an extensive old-school print media campaign touting its premium, classic comfort styles offered in a broad array of colors. Katz reports that Samuel Hubbard has been growing at an 80-percent annual clip and is “way the hell ahead” of where he projected it might be just three years into the game. “It’s hard to grow a business much faster and keep up with all the internal systems,” he says. “We just redid our SAP installation, and we spent 10 months rebuilding our website.” The company’s quick adaptation to a wholesale distribution model helped drive the rapid rise in sales, says Katz. He wisely realized this was the best way to get noticed as a new brand. As a result, Samuel Hubbard has become the new belle of the ball for hundreds of leading comfort specialty independents, upscale chains and apparel boutiques—retailers that understand its Portuguese-made qualities and learned that they can sell footwear priced in the low- to mid-$200s to their more discerning clients. Samuel Hubbard’s offerings have since expanded into dress casuals, performance hiking boots and the new sneaker-esque Hubbard Fast collection. Katz believes the brand is on the verge of an even bigger introduction: its first women’s-specific line. He expects to deliver the shoes in coming months—when they’re ready and not just to make a trade show. “It takes us a long time to get our shoes just right—the constructions, materials and fit can’t be done fast,” he says. Katz is confident that when the new styles make their debut, they will generate the same “wow” response previous collections have. “The shoes feature about five different types of materials. It’s a very difficult construction, but it makes for an elegant interior,” he says. “The women wear-testing in Portugal are saying, ‘Wow!’ And while we don’t try and set the world on fire with far-out fashion, I think women here will love them.” Samuel Hubbard is on a roll, and Katz is enjoying the ride—again. “I’m having fun with this, although sometimes I remember why they call it work,” he says. “I start at 5 a.m. and put in about 12 hours a day, but I’m fortunate to be working on a boat in Martha’s Vineyard right now and my family is with me. With a laptop, a cell phone, skype and DHL—it all works pretty well.” Samuel Hubbard, however, wouldn’t exist if it weren’t for a fortunate trade show encounter about a year before the launch. Katz, still in reconnaissance mode, attended the Las Vegas show to get the lay of the land. He was “stunned” to discover how little had changed and was about to bag the idea altogether. “When you’ve been through 14 years of building a shoe company to 300 employees, adding all the systems and gone through all the headaches, I thought, ‘Can I face all that again?’” Katz says, noting that a shoe company is quite different from, say, an Internet startup. “Building a shoe company is a bit of a moose; it’s really complicated,” he says. “A software company needs an office, desks, computers, a whiteboard and then you figure out what to do. It’s not like trying to get a shoe to fit and then made consistently. That’s so much more challenging.” But Katz happened to run into an old friend in the show aisles. The two were reminiscing when they spotted Werner Wyrsch, the former head of Rockport manufacturing. Katz showed them his beloved Rocksport style and floated the idea of designing a new shoe. Wyrsch was intrigued and took the shoe back to Portugal, where he had his own sourcing company. He and Katz communicated through Skype over the ensuing months and Katz then visited Wyrsch, who happened to be based near a factory that had once made Rockport shoes. It would be the first of several trips during which Wyrsch and Katz tweaked and re-tweaked their design. It got to the point that Katz says the Portuguese factory partners suspected the venture would never get off the ground. But the duo persisted and—16 months later—they had their first shoe: the Hubbard Free. “We finally had a shoe on the table where I said, ‘That looks good,’” Katz says, noting the plain toe style got its name from a marketing concept. He gave away 5,000 pairs to brand evangelists, including about 200 influential retailers, 800 podiatrists and 1,300 executives attending a TED conference. “The shoe was essentially free,” he says. “But it’s also free in terms of the roomy fit that’s liberating for your feet. It all fit together.” The rest, you could say, is Samuel Hubbard history in the making. It’s a startup success story that blends old-fashioned footwear brand-building basics with fresh designs and innovative strategies that run counter to current industry wisdom—like not selling on Amazon or other digital-only dealers and never marking down any of its shoes. It’s a tale with plenty of amusing anecdotes and surprises. And while much has changed in the industry since Katz’s return, there’s still one constant: great products sell. “If you put a better product on the market, consumers will eventually recognize it, talk about it and want it,” he says. “That’s the grassroots, evangelistic, word-of-mouth process that drove Apple.” It’s why Katz is bullish on continued growth for Samuel Hubbard, a brand that he views as a refreshing throwback in a sneaker-dominated world. “We’ve taken a different tact,” he says. “We make conventional shoes that look and feel great with lots of colors, and it’s getting people excited about wearing shoes again. We’re helping revive the ‘shoe’ business.” No markdowns, no digital-only dealers, premium priced shoes made in Europe…Samuel Hubbard is bucking many current industry conventions and doing quite well. What gives? I don’t know. I think I must have come back at exactly the right moment when my notion of current was everyone else’s idea of retro perfect. Because if I told you that we would lead with bright colors in a traditional style most people would have said, ‘Good luck.’ But it turns out people love it. Our shoes look good with jeans or chinos. It’s fresh. People aren’t used to seeing men in regular shoes, except for some accountant wearing beat-up Allen Edmonds that he’s been polishing forever. And the comfort completely sells them. It’s like a wrap for your feet. We’ll put ourselves up against any other shoes in the store. And I believe that we’re proving that if you give consumers really good product available in sizes and widths and take care of your retailers, you can grow a healthy business. It’s already much more of a business than I was expecting it to be. The product is that good? Well, I want to make really good shoes. At Rockport, we made shoes as well as we could and always chose the best materials. It’s the same with Samuel Hubbard. When I go to the Lineapelle show, for example, I never ask the price of the leathers. Werner will ask eventually, but I’m just looking at whether the feel, texture, color and smell are all the best. I picked out a shearling lining recently for a chukka boot that was the most expensive you could buy, but it was gorgeous. It was like genuine teddy bear. So that’s how I’ve always gone about making shoes. Our lining leathers are nearly as expensive as our uppers. I also wanted to get people out of sneakers because there’s a lot to be said as to why a shoe is actually a better all-day wear. Sneakers can be super comfortable for running, but wearing them all day can get pretty squishy and stinky. Our shoes are cool and dry, because leather breathes, and we don’t put any glue between the lining and the upper. Quality can be a difference maker on many levels. Yes, but it wasn’t an easy sell to retailers at first. We would show them the line, they would love how it feels and looks, but then they’d often say they could never sell a $200-plus shoe to their customers. They’d say, “Men don’t want to spend that amount of money on shoes.” Then, at the end of the conversation, they’d ask for a pair. Why were they wrong initially? While I was away from the business, the Asian sourcing boom lowered all the price points from where they would have been had it not been for that cheap labor. Men got used to the lower prices. And now a lot of retailers claim they need at least 58 points or a discount to make a profit because their fixed costs have kept going up. That’s the heart of the story that no one is really talking about: A lot of retailers have gone out of business not just because of big box chains and Amazon, but because the price point of shoes has gone down while their fixed costs have gone up. Yet consumers, especially men, aren’t necessarily buying three pairs because they are cheaper. That’s why I believe retailers are much better off selling a full-price shoe at $220. They are so focused on the percentage. I say forget that. Besides, do you want to sell everyone a Chevrolet? There’s nobody in your town who’s a veterinarian, lawyer, banker or doctor—anybody who could possibly want more than that lower-priced model? It took us a couple of years to prove our case, but now many have discovered that they do have those customers. In fact, one customer recently bought 14 pairs in a store in Iowa, and there are many reviews on our website of customers also buying multiple pairs. Yet many thought no one would buy the first pair. That’s until customers realized they never knew what a quality shoe felt like on their foot. And that’s without selling online-only dealers. Why steer clear of them? The main reason is that we didn’t want to turn our brand into a price football. Even marked down by $1, we don’t want them to do it. We took this approach a step further last August when we gave our retail partners 90 days to stop selling our shoes on Amazon Marketplace or we would stop shipping them. I had one retailer who was drop-shipping 500 pairs on the site, and I thought he would go ballistic, but he ended up agreeing that we were doing the right thing by our brand. Same goes for Nordstrom: When they asked to feature our shoes in their anniversary catalog, we said no. We want to have one consistent price, and we’ve managed to do that. We have never put a shoe on sale on our website and never will. And our retailers haven’t marked our shoes down either, because they haven’t had to. They are basic styles and just need to be filled in and they continue to sell. But your brick-and-mortar retail partners can sell the brand on their sites. Correct? Yes, we are happy to work with retailers who want to carry our brand on their own sites. I’m working on systems that will enable them to offer the whole catalog to benefit from a larger selection. I have some software ideas on how to do that. I’ve been thinking about them for two years because I believe, in the end, shoe stores need a hybrid business model. I see no reason why a store can’t be a combination of a store as we know it and a pop-up showroom. I also believe that a store could easily become a concierge service for customers looking for certain kinds of shoes. For example, a woman in need of a three-inch, navy blue pump can ask a retailer to find it for her. Now some consumers will go to Zappos, buy 12 different variations of that style and return 11 of them. But nobody makes any money in that scenario. Not to mention the enormous carbon footprint that type of “shopping” leaves behind. I was amazed when I was in Aspen around Christmas last year and the local Fed-Ex store was stacked to the ceiling with Zappos boxes being returned. That’s why I believe the brick-and-mortar retailer can serve as the shopping expert, and they should be the experts because their life is this business and they know what customers will want and need. They’ll field a request, get the shoes and send them to their house, if the customer prefers. Nordstrom probably has 6,000 SKUs and Zappos has 20,000 SKUs. Who has time to look through that? Curation and concierge services could be a way for traditional retailers to compete. We’re also working on programs where if a customer orders two sizes, the order goes to our customer service center; they’ll write back stating that our shoes fit true to size and ask what other brands/sizes the customer is wearing so we don’t have to send multiple pairs and deal with the returns. Where are you in terms of your overall distribution plan? By the end of this year we’ll be in about 500 doors, which, starting from nothing, is pretty good. Now I don’t know if there are another 500 of those types of doors to be had, but we’re finding them and they are steadily coming around to us. Nordstrom, for example, is accelerating with us and we are reportedly way ahead of plan. Another tier that looks to offer a lot of potential is outdoor specialty. Consumers generally don’t usually buy ski boots, skis or hiking boots online. They like to touch and feel the product, and they like the whole vibe of those stores. We now offer fantastic leather-lined hiking boots that I believe are equal to any German-made mode, l and we are developing more products in that category. Personally, I like to hike, and that type of footwear is more natural for me to think about from a design perspective. The category presents a good growth opportunity for Samuel Hubbard. As does your women’s-specific collection that’s soon to be introduced? I believe we’re really onto something there. While we’ve offered our original collection in women’s sizes, it’s a man-tailored look. There are women who swear by them, but I don’t believe it will ever be a huge business. So we set out to make women’s shoes that, when women put them on, they’ll say, “Wow!” It’s taken over a year, and it’s been daunting because you have to make them in a range of patterns, silhouettes and heel heights. We don’t always get it perfect right away. We’ve had shoes where we changed the last three times. We’d get 1,000 pair into the market and then decide we could do better. It’s like a running trial. First, we try it on 10 people, then 1,000 as we keep trying to get to a perfect-fitting last. Do you plan to keep production in Portugal for the foreseeable future? Yes. The Chinese make a fine shoe, but for some reason when you take them out of the box they smell like Saran Wrap. A European-made shoe has that fantastic, genuine leather smell. It’s also just how I prefer to make shoes. I know a lot of brands are about volume and pricing. In fact, it wasn’t until I came back to the business that I learned a new manufacturing term: de-specifying, which basically knocks out features and benefits to make it for less. I just believe a lot of consumers don’t want to buy that type of product. They can feel, smell and appreciate our difference—and they are willing to pay more for it. Besides, what’s the difference between our shoes and a $160 pair from another brand? It’s like the cost of two Chardonnays. Is that such a big deal when it’s something that you wear every day and makes you feel and look good? Any advantages to being privately owned in this industry climate? Public is good if you are on a great growth ramp and if you need capital. But a lot of businesses have died from indigestion—too much capital—rather than starvation. How many dot-com businesses had no conception of trying to make a profit and were over-capitalized? So far, we haven’t needed more capital. Now if we wanted to open 100 stores, we would. But we have no plans to open stores. I’ve no experience being a retailer and that would present a whole different set of problems. I’m also keen to explore the hybrid model where we partner with existing retailers, like creating shop-in-shop programs. I’m concerned about many of these retailers because we need good partners with these points of presentation. Is the state of retail as bad as it’s reported to be? I do think a lot of retailers are in serious trouble. You can go to Amazon and just click and buy and you don’t have to drive and park. Why bother? But when people take the time to make the store an experience, the salespeople are informed, the atmosphere is nice and they make you feel that it’s nice to buy something…then I think you can still be successful. There’s a wonderful men’s clothing shop in San Francisco, The Hound, located in the Financial District. The owner put three barber chairs in the back of the store and gives haircuts. Men are coming in all day for the cut and while they walk through they pick up a shirt and/or shoes. It helps drive traffic. I thought our shoes would be perfect for that store and now he’s selling like 500 pairs a year. I believe retailers who think like that will have a place and those who think that they are going to buy the same ol’, same ol’ and put it on a dusty shelf and wonder why business isn’t better are probably going to go away. Thinking outside the box, going the extra mile…it’s the only way to compete in the age of Amazon. I agree. Last fall we sent out a mail order catalog, but a couple of styles didn’t make it into production in time. I knew we would get at least a few requests for shoes we wouldn’t have in stock, so we created a waitlist. The waitlist grew to more than 4,000 names, of which about 1,200 might have had to wait five or six weeks. I was worried we would lose the orders and someone on our team suggested we send them a letter and include a discount coupon. Well, one aspect of my religion is we don’t give discount coupons or put shoes on sale. Then I thought of Harry & David and decided to send them a note apologizing for the delay and, in the meantime, here’s a gift basket. We ended up buying 1,000 Harry & David fruit and cheese baskets. Instead of giving a discount, we gave them a gift in advance of purchase. Now I never checked to see how many of those customers ultimately bought a pair of shoes, but I think it was a pretty high percentage. It’s that kind of approach we take to the business in terms of taking care of people, and our retailers can do the same. At the same time, you adhere to a lot of old-school business basics. Absolutely. We call on stores, we do training and trunk shows and we take people to lunch. We take care of our retail partners, so we’re old-fashioned that way. Our reps are in-house and they are on commission, and we pay all their travel expenses—we’re old-fashioned that way, too. A lot of people coming out of business school were taught that it’s all about market share, price and the need to grow fast. But they’ve lost the fact that this used to be a people business. It was all about relationships and trust. We worked together and told each other when things weren’t working well. Now it’s lots of ultimatums and threats. It seems like the divide between retailers and wholesalers has never been greater. Yes. I remember giving a speech at Rockport at a point when we were doing very well and I said, “You sow the seeds of your failure in the height of your greatest success.” I reminded everyone that when we started we were on our hands and knees begging for an order and a chance. Now there’s a certain moment where your shoes are doing so well that the merchants need you, but that’s the point when you have to be most humble. The retailer wants to feel like they are the buyer, and it’s their decision. Once you start giving demands, minimums, rules…It’s just so arrogant that the merchants resent you and are waiting for you to fail. Yet brands still do it. Why does arrogance come with wealth? Because you think you are the king of the world. You can’t come into the booth unless you have an appointment. We aren’t opening any new accounts. On it goes. I am completely in the other direction. No discounts, no special deals, no pre-show extra margins. I just sell the shoes and that’s it. But we try to be nice to our partners and make sure that we can both make money. It’s just old-fashioned. I mean, I’d rather send fruit baskets as gifts. What does your daughter think of you being a shoe executive again? She’s 13 now and living in her own world. I said you wanted a shoe company and now we have one. “Ok, Dad, you do that.” I’m not sure she’ll ever join the company, but what’s really satisfying is to have taken my grandfather’s name and his factory’s name and turned them into a brand. It’s been fun and it almost brings me to tears. It’s like going back to the future and rewriting history, making Hubbard a brand that it never was. What do you love most about your job? I love just creating the whole thing. I also love the reviews we receive, which are often funny and endearing comments from customers having a love affair with our shoes. I had that experience once before with Rockport. While people wrote letters about how they liked the philosophical concept of my Republic of Tea venture, very few people get to make a product that people have a strong personal reaction to. Would it ever occur to you to write to the maker of a toaster about how the toast is exceptional? There’s just a lot of stuff that gets made that people have no attachment to, so it’s very satisfying to make a product that people love so much that they take the time to write about it. •

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THE Narendra Modi government has rubbished a global report on hunger that describes India’s level of hunger as “serious” and rates the country, at 101, below its South Asian neighbours in the global rankings. The scores are categorised as low, moderate, serious, alarming and extremely alarming. From 38.8 in 2000, 37.4 in 2006, and 28.8 in 2012, India’s score has declined to 27.5 in 2021. The Global Hunger Index report, published by two humanitarian and private aid organisations, Concern Worldwide and Welt Hunger Hilfe, came into existence in 2000. There are four parameters for the rankings and scores—prevalence of undernourishment in the general population, child mortality, child wasting (low weight for height among children under five denoting acute malnutrition) and child stunting, which includes children under five with a low height for their age denoting chronic undernutrition. The 2021 report says 15.3 per cent of the Indian population is undernourished, 34.7 per cent of children under five are stunted and 3.4 per cent die before their fifth birthday. The report accessed data for 135 countries but could find sufficient data for only 116 of them. For 19 countries, individual scores could not be calculated and ranks could not be determined because of lack of data. India’s rank of 101 places it behind Pakistan (92), Sri Lanka (65), and Bangladesh and Nepal (76 each). War-torn Iraq has fared better at 86. China and Cuba are among the first 18 countries, among whom the differences in score are minimal. At 17.3 per cent (up from 17.1 per cent in 1998-99), India has the highest rate of wasting. The report states that the ranking is based on the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) data between 2018 and 2020 and not anything that has happened in 2021. Data were drawn from the United Nations and other multilateral agencies to compute scores and a uniform standard was applied to ensure comparability. In order to track a country’s performance over time, the report carries the data for three reference years for each country. India’s score in 2021, therefore, can be directly compared with its GHI scores for 2000, 2006 and 2012. Faulty methodology: India The Indian government has claimed that the report uses faulty methodology and inaccurate rankings based on inaccurate data. (No other country, incidentally, has found fault with the GHI methodology and rankings). India says the rankings are based on a Gallup survey, a claim that the report’s authors have refuted. The government also complains that its efforts to mitigate hunger levels have not been acknowledged. The GHI report, however, makes it clear that acknowledging the efforts of individual governments is not its mandate. A day after the GHI findings were published in the media, a statement from the Women and Child Development Ministry said that it was shocked to find that “the Global Hunger Report 2021 has lowered the rank of India on the basis of FAO [Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations] estimate on proportion of undernourished population, which is found to be devoid of ground reality and facts and suffers from serious methodological issues”. It accused the Concern Worldwide and Welt Hunger Hilfe of not doing due diligence before releasing the report. It said the methodology used by the FAO was unscientific as it based its assessment on the results of a “four question” opinion poll that was conducted telephonically by Gallup and that the “scientific measurement of undernourishment would require measurement of weight and height, whereas the methodology involved here is based on Gallup poll based on pure telephonic estimate of the population”. The Ministry also said that the GHI report “completely disregards government’s massive effort to ensure food security of the entire population during the COVID period, verifiable data on which are available. The opinion poll does not have a single question on whether the respondent received any food support from the government or other sources. The representativeness of even this opinion poll is doubtful for India and other countries.” It expressed surprise that going by the FAO report “The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021”, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka did not appear to have been affected at all by the “COVID-19 pandemic induced loss of job/business and reduction in income levels, rather they were found to have improved their position on the indicator ‘proportion of undernourished population’ by 4.3, 3.3, 1.3 and 0.8 percentage points respectively during the period 2018-20 over 2017-19”. (The PoU data on the FAO website did show that hunger had risen in all South Asian countries, though it was highest in India and lowest in Nepal and Bangladesh.) The Ministry’s statement asserted that the GHI 2021 and the FAO’s report on food security had “completely ignored” facts available in the public domain pertaining to the various schemes of foodgrain distribution in 2020 and 2021. The government highlighted the allocation of 5kg of foodgrain per person per month and pulses at 1 kg per household under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) for targeted beneficiaries. (This, incidentally, is what the government is mandated to do under the NFSA anyway.) The statement also highlighted how under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat Scheme, 5kg of foodgrain per person per month, and also chana (gram), for two months (May and June 2020) was allocated to migrants not covered under the NFSA or State Public Distribution System. It detailed the various ameliorative measures in 2020—the increase in wages by Rs.20 under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme; release of the first instalment of Rs.2000 under the PM Kisan Yojana; grant of Rs.500 to women account holders under the Jan Dhan Yojana for three months from April to June 2020; and the grant of a one-time support of Rs.1,000 to 3 crore widows and differently abled persons to tide over the crisis. But these ameliorative measures were limited to a specific period and gave only foodgrain to targeted populations. They did not measure up to anything substantial in the prolonged crisis faced by unorganised sector workers, migrant workers and other vulnerable sections in 2020 and also 2021. The disbursement of 5 kg of foodgrain alone for a limited period was not enough to address the deficiencies caused by undernourishment. Inadequate intake of food is known to cause undernutrition, which can also lead to poor utilisation of available nutrients. The situation becomes complicated in the absence of health care and sanitation. Inadequate maternal health and child care practices can cause further complications. In an e-mail response to Frontline , Miriam Wiemers, Advisor to the GHI (Policy and External Relations), explained that “the concerns of the Indian government on the working of the Global Hunger Index have been considered very carefully and we strive to ensure that the GHI continues to improve and remains a useful reference tool in collective efforts to end hunger. We highly appreciate the engagement of the WCD and we value the quality of data and analysis available to us. We welcome the recent debate and are at disposal to jointly seek further clarity on the parameters of the GHI.” She clarified that the GHI report was peer-reviewed by external experts and that the methodology used was long established and tested. It uses four indicators to reflect the complex and multidimensional nature of hunger, drawing on data from the U.N. and other multilateral agencies. Together, the indicators reflect deficiencies in calories and micronutrients. She wrote that the international community, including India, had agreed upon Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the GHI used indicators that were part of the internationally recognised indicator set to measure progress in meeting these goals. She also emphasised that that the GHI report did not use the FAO’s telephone-based indicator that includes information from a poll taken by Gallup—the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). “Of the suite of indicators produced by FAO, GHI uses only PoU, which is a measure of proportion of population facing chronic deficiency of dietary energy intake. Prevalence of Undernourishment takes into account average per capita availability of food supply as obtained through carefully constructed food balance sheets. Food balance sheets are primarily based on data officially reported by member countries including India. PoU also takes into account distribution of calorie intake in the population (as estimated through official consumption surveys conducted by governments including India), as well as calorie requirement of the population (based on data on age distribution for men and women, distribution of heights and other key determinants of dietary energy requirements). All data compiled by FAO—including data officially reported by the member countries, data available from other public sources, and estimates made by FAO—are made public by FAO with detailed documentation of how these are obtained,” Wiemers wrote. She clarified that GHI was best suited to compare hunger levels over time (reported within each report) and between countries and regions. But, she said, it was not designed to assess and reflect individual measures taken by governments. “It is important to differentiate between policy interventions and their outcomes, so that effectiveness of government programmes and other interventions in improving outcomes can be evaluated. We welcome a scholarly debate to improve the Index and strive to ensure that the GHI remains a useful reference tool and is permanently enhanced to serve the collective efforts to end hunger. Not only India, but the world as a whole is facing tremendous challenges posed by COVID-19, conflicts, and climate change. And this is reflected in worrying GHI trends in many countries across the world. Multiple crises exacerbate existing inequalities and other challenges that are underlying causes for hunger and undernutrition,” Wiemers wrote. She added that “the questions and concerns of the government have been considered very carefully” and GHI was in contact with the government to jointly seek further clarity on the parameters of the GHI. How PoU works The GHI is a measure of development of outcomes in the domain of hunger. It is a tool to measure and track hunger comparatively at the global, regional and national levels. The idea behind it is to raise awareness and compare inter-regional and international hunger levels in order to draw attention to areas that need additional resources to eliminate hunger. The report includes a section on the progress that India has made. It says that the proportion of the undernourished in the population and the “under 5” mortality levels are relatively low. It also says, however, that the incidence of child stunting remains high in spite of a significant decrease from 54.2 per cent in 1998-99 to 34.7 per cent in 2016-18. For computing India’s 2021 GHI score, the report relied on undernourishment data from the FAO’s Food Security Indicators (published in July 2021). It used the FAO’s PoU indicator, which is based on the FAO’s assessment of each country’s Food Balance Sheet, which measures the proportion of the population with adequate access to calories on the basis of food supply data. The FAO has been using the PoU as an indicator of food security since the 1960s; the PoU is said to have been developed by P.V. Sukhatme, an award-winning Indian statistician, during his stint with the FAO in Rome. The PoU is an estimate of that proportion of the population whose habitual dietary intake is less than the minimum dietary requirement for normal, active, healthy living. It factors in the average per capita availability of food supply obtained through food balance sheets which are themselves based on data officially reported by member countries. The PoU also takes into account the distribution of calorie intake (based on official consumption surveys conducted by governments) as well as the calorie requirement of the population. The child stunting and wasting data are from the 2021 edition of the United Nations Children’s Fund (Unicef); the World Health Organisation and the World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (published in April 2021); and India’s own Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) of 2016-2018, published in 2019. The under-five mortality rates were taken from the United Nations IGME (Inter Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation) Child Mortality Estimates. Proof galore of hunger There is enough evidence of hunger and deprivation independent of the GHI report. It is reflected in indices of malnutrition, undernutrition, stunting, wasting and under-five mortality in the National Family Health Surveys and the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-18) measuring the nutritional status of children of the 10-19 age group. The CNNS report stated that only 6 per cent of children in the “6 to 23 months” age group received a minimum acceptable diet, 21 per cent ate an adequately diverse diet and only 57 per cent of children were breastfed within one hour of birth. Timely complementary feeding was initiated for only 53 per cent infants in the six-to-eight-month age cohort. Other studies have also shown that there might be significant underestimations of hunger and nutrition levels. In an article in Economic and Political Weekly (April 13, 2019) titled “Prevalence of Under nourishment in Indian states—Explorations based on NSS’ 68th Round Data”, the authors Vikas Rawal, Vaishali Bansal and Prachi Bansal argued that it was difficult to estimate the proportion of people who were undernourished as energy requirements varied according to age, sex, physical activity and body size. It is therefore incorrect to compare the dietary intake of an individual with an average dietary requirement. This means that the PoU may may well provide an underestimation and the problem of undernourishment was is perhaps more severe than what the GHI report suggests. Arun Gupta, the central co-ordinator of the Breastfeeding Promotion Network in India, feels that in 2024 the success of the Narendra Modi government will be judged against numbers of the India’s darkest distended underbelly—its millions of malnourished children. He said the government had responded to the GHI to counter the ‘shame’ induced by it but the reaction also betrayed an illusion that it was doing enough for feeding infants and young children. He said that for the first time in the 30 years early breastfeeding rates had shown a decline, while underweight, stunting, wasting prevalence had shown an increasing trend. “This is worrying and calls for re-framing of nutrition programs in India,” he said. Both NFHS 4 (2025) and 5 (2020) were stark reminders of the support that women and children need for their nutrition, growth and development. The NFHS-5-phase-1 (Data from 22 States/UTs) revealed that while 88 per cent women delivered in hospitals, 51 per cent were able to begin breastfeeding within an hour of birth, 61.9 per cent breastfed exclusively during 0-6 months, 56 per cent received timely complementary feeds at 6-8 months and only 16.1 per cent received adequate diet during 6-23 months. “Obviously 26.9 per cent children were underweight, 31.9 stunted, 18.1 wasted and 5.5 obese. This means India is suffering both from undernourishment and over-nourishment,” he said. Case of underestimation The economist Jomo Kwame Sundaram, who has worked at senior positions at the FAO, convened the second International Conference on Nutrition in 2014. Talking to Frontline in the context of the controversy stirred up by the GHI report, he said that there might have been underestimates of dietary energy from the outset. With uneven development in the world and variations like less or more mechanisation and sedentary lifestyles, it was difficult to arrive at a uniform calorie intake for the world over. He pointed out that it was a given that “whether one was well nourished or not made a world of a difference to life expectancy, cognitive development and physical development”. Also read: Children as victims of the pandemic The basic methodology, the former U.N. official said, had been problematic to begin with but it improved over time. The major assumption was that incidence of undernourishment was understood as calorific undernourishment and little else. Factors like a sedentary lifestyle that required fewer energy requirements and urban eating habits was not factored in while calculating PoU. “We know that most poor people do a lot of manual labour. I was concerned that we were underestimating their undernourishment by using that methodology. A single yardstick could not be applied for the whole world,” he said. “The main defence one can make of the FAO numbers is that they purport to be something which continues to be relevant over time. I would be among the first to qualify my support, but it reminds one that our poverty numbers also might not be what we think them to be. All governments want to look good and they want to think that growth is being equally distributed. To find fault with the measure is not difficult. Yet to do any kind of international comparison is very difficult. Some countries have serious data reporting issues. The PoU tells one whether people have enough dietary energy to live; it doesn’t say whether one is living healthy or well. The underestimation has been happening since the outset as everyone was looking at calories and calories of people with a sedentary lifestyle. Life has changed and measures need to change. I think there are greater underestimates today. One is generalising across 200 countries, with many having patchy data. The numbers are based on what the Indian statistical office gives Rome. Unless there is a conspiracy by the Indian Statistical office to underestimate something,” he said, referring to the Indian government’s objections to the GHI methodology to calculate PoU based on FAO data. Boost for pharma? There is an opinion that the GHI scores might be used to push interventions driven by pharma and big business in nutrition and food security. H.P.S. Sachdev, a leading paediatrician who has been very critical of the government’s latest approved policy to fortify rice with iron to prevent anaemia, said that the PoU based on FAO data on food balance sheets had a cut off of 1,830 calories as a minimum energy requirement for everyone in the world. It was not based, he said, on what people were actually consuming. He said that the CNNS survey had also showed that half of the children aged between five and 19, irrespective of whether they were thin or short, had evidence of high sugar or hyper lipidemia. “Half of our children have more robust bio markers showing over nutrition. Hunger is a very small component of what causes wasting, stunting and deaths among children. There are other determinants which also vary from place to place,” he said adding it could not be denied that hunger was a major issue in impoverished pockets. “But there are contradictions. There is over-nutrition in biochemical markers, probably because a lot of cereal is being pushed. India is supposed to be the global capital of non-communicable diseases. I am not denying there is a lot of poverty and inequitable development. But dietary diversity is the best way to go about it and overall development. How is it possible that both hunger and over nutrition exist? I think the GHI could give an opportunity for lobbies to push nutrient dense supplements and pre-mixes,” he said. Whichever way the scores and rankings are interpreted, there should be little doubt that the pandemic worsened hunger and nutritional outcomes. If fact the GHI report has a cautionary word on that as well. There is so far no government data on the number of people who have lost jobs or were driven to penury because of the pandemic. Likewise, there has been no assessment of deprivation levels among the population. In such a scenario, the hunger and undernourishment estimates of the GHI report can be safely viewed as an underestimation of the real problem rather than an exaggeration.

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If you are a manicurist or a pedicurist or someone who works at the beauty spa, it’s important that you constantly sterilize your metal tools before and after every use. If you do not sterilize them with the right sterilizer machine, there’s every possibility that those tools can become a hot spot for bacterial, viruses or fungal infection Update 1: Have you ever envisage getting a sterilizer that will not only be useful for cleaning of your nail tools but also helpful to sterilize baby pacifiers, glasses, toys, make up tool and of course, dentist tools. Well, this is exactly what this UV Ultraviolet LED Sterilizer Sanitization Box will do for you. Below Are The Best Nail Tool Sterilizer You Need To Check Out In 2023 - Tuttnauer 1730 Valueklave (View Price On Amazon) - Sun Series Dental Autoclave – (View Price On Amazon) - Prestige Classic 2100 Electric Autoclave Sterilizer – (View Price On Amazon) - Superdental Mini Autoclave Sterilizer For Spa Salon (View Price On Amazon) - Makartt Nail Tool Sterilizer (View Price On Amazon) - BUCICE Plastic Sterilizing Tray Box (View Price On Amazon) - LXIANGN Nail Tool Sterilizer (View Price On Amazon) - GNIXTING Nail Art Tools Cleaner (View Price On Amazon) - YoleShy Professional Plastic Sterilizing (View Price On Amazon) Top 9 Nail Tool Sterilizers – Tested If you’re looking to eliminate microbes from your manicure and pedicure tools then an autoclave and some other nail tools sterilizer should be your best bet. Follow me as I walk you through some of the best autoclaves in the market in 2020. 1. Tuttnauer 1730 Valueklave If you’re looking for an autoclave that meets all your sterilization needs and with fast cycle time, Tuttnauer 1730 Valueklave is your best bet. - Efficiency and fastness This autoclave has a massive short cycle time of about 11 minutes from a hot start. What this means for you is that it will take you anywhere between 10-11 minutes for your item to be fully sterilized. This is something you can’t find in most sterilizers. - Control system The machine is designed in such a way that it’s easy to use. There are three knobs (a timer, temperature, and a dial to switch between modes (maintenance and active) on the right-hand side of the machine for easy control. - Safe-locking doors This machine also comes with a double locking system in place. The essence of these double locking doors is to prevent doors from opening during operation and for safety. - Simple drainage system This machine also has a valve that is connected conveniently to the front to allow for easy drainage even though the water reservoir is filled on top. - Overheating protection Unlike other autoclaves, this machine has a dual safety thermostat that can automatically shut off once it overheats. This is one feature you won’t find in many autoclaves. One last thing you need to hear about this machine is that it’s built with a long-life electro-polished chamber and door that can stand the test of time. So if you’re looking for durability, you can’t ever go wrong with this autoclave. - Fast cycle time - A double safety locking device - Automatic shut off - Long-lasting chambers - Fully functional drain valve - Rooms for three trays - It’s quite expensive If you’re looking for very fast and outstanding performance with fully functional safety features in a machine, then you certainly can’t go wrong with this masterpiece. It’s a must-have for anyone, and to think that it’s suitable for any environment is just mind-blowing. 2. Sun Series Dental Autoclave This Dental autoclave from sun series is another great machine which you can use to keep all of your tools sterilized. Although this autoclave is designed with those in the Dental world in mind, that does not mean that you can’t possibly use it for sterilization. - The control There are different dedicated buttons (with each performing its duty) at the upper right hand of the machine that you can press to begin the sterilization process. For example, there’s a button that you need to press if you intend to place “Unwrapped” for those tools without bags. There’s also a big knob at the center of the machine with indications to either “close” or “open” the machine with the power button (green) just below the base of the machine to switch on/off the machine. - Sterilization compartment Unlike the Valueklave autoclave, this machine has a wider compartment (25.5 inches by 22 inches by 19.6 inches) with two wide trays which you can use to sterilize more tools at once. - Overheating protection Just like Valueklave, this autoclave also has a self-protection system that automatically shuts off in case of excessive temperature and pressure in the machine. Having a system like this makes such a machine reliable and self-protecting. One thing I love most about this machine is that it’s fully equipped with a microprocessor and man-machine interface for intelligent control and for convenience, making it highly durable and suitable for any occasion that is in need of frequent sterilization. - Easy to operate - It has wider, multiple shelves - Uses autoclave pouches - Clear and easy-to-read display - Temperature can be easily adjusted - Great for large offices/beauty salons - It’s quite expensive - Takes larger space The number one thing I love about this machine is that it’s wide enough to accommodate your man-Pedi tools. Another thing that makes it stand out from other machines is the self-protection system. The only aspect I think needs some improvement is the temperature options, which are kind few. If this can be improved then it’s highly recommended for everyone. 3. Prestige Classic 2100 Electric Autoclave Sterilizer If you’re looking for a light, portable, and robust autoclave for your beauty salon, then this Prestige Classic Electric Autoclave Sterilizer should be your best bet. - The operation There isn’t much to talk about here as it is designed in a simple way that a single button automatically starts the automatic cycle, which usually takes a little time to complete. - The implement basket There’s a large basket (with a diameter of 6 inches and a depth of about 9-10 inches) as soon as your open the lid of the machine. This implement basket is where you place your tools for sterilization. There’s also a pouch where tiny tools like nail clippers are kept and sealed before placing them inside the basket. - Filling the machine It takes two and a half cups of distilled water to fill the autoclave to the “fill line” when using a prestige classic electric autoclave. You can top up the water between cycles as needed. - Light indicator This autoclave has four indicators. The first light, usually red, shows that it’s heating up. The second light (yellow) shows that the pressure needed to sterilize the equipment has been achieved and that the sterilization has begun. The green light indicates that the cycle has been completed. Once it is completed, open the pressure, then release the valves to remove the pressure from the chamber. - Electronic detector There’s also an electronic detector (which is usually the last button) that automatically detects whenever something isn’t right. This detector helps turns the machine off each time there’s insufficient water needed by the machine. - Interlocking system The last thing I would like to say is that this autoclave has a well functional interlock system. An interlock system in an autoclave helps prevent the lid from being removed, thereby keeping the pressure of the machine intact. - FDA approved - Large sterilization capacity - A thermal fuse to protect against overheating - Easy to operate - Comes with factory warranty - Difficulty loading some implement into the basket as they tend to slide off. The first thing that caught my attention was the machine’s large heating capacity. Having a capacity as robust like this makes it easy to sterilize plenty of tools at once. 4. Superdental Mini Autoclave Sterilizer For Spa Salon As the name implies, this is a mini autoclave sterilizer you can use as a nail salon owner to keep all of your nail implement sterilized. Unlike the previous ones I’ve discussed, this sterilizer isn’t that expensive and it’s something anyone who’s on a tight budget can afford. - The operation Operating this machine is quite simple and straight forward. To start, ensure that the plug is well connected to the machine and also, to a light source. There are two knobs available for you to adjust the time and temperature depending on what you want to sterilize. - Inside tray As usual, it has a tray measuring 24.3 x 11.3 x 2.7cm which is quite okay for sterilization. Even if you can’t sterilize all of your implements at once, you can always do so in batches. - Easy to use - It is made of stainless steel - Time can be adjusted - Temperature can also be adjusted - Dry heat hot air - It’s quite small with limited functions This mini autoclave sterilization machine is quite small and affordable and it’s a perfect fit for anyone on a low budget. 5. Makartt Nail Tool Sterilizer The Makartt Nail Tool Sterilizer is a powerful and convenient device for keeping your nail tools, tweezers and lash tech tools safe and sanitized. This sterilizer uses UV light to quickly and effectively kill bacteria and germs on your tools, ensuring they are safe for clients. - Glass bead sterilization This sterilizer uses the glass beads sterilization method in the inner pot to hold the metal tools being sterilized and diffuse heat to maintain a temperature of 250 degrees for sterilizing. - Easy to use The sterilizer is easy to use and automatically increases to the high temperature when plugged in and turned on, making it easy to keep your tools clean and sterilized. - High temperature This high-temperature sterilizer is CE approved for its solid design, energy-saving features, and no pollution. It is reusable and can be used for long-term usage. This is a must have tool for salon and home use and will help protect the health of your customers and family by keeping metal tools clean and sterilized regularly. - The small and compact design is convenient for use on a desk or counter. - It can sterilize various metal tools, including nail nippers, tweezers, haircut scissors, pedicure tools, and more. - CE approved for solid design, energy saving features, and no pollution. - Reusable and can be used for long-term usage. - Protects the health of customers and families by keeping metal tools clean and sterilized regularly. - The glass beads sterilization method may not be effective on all types of bacteria, especially spores. The Makartt Nail Sterilizer is a great option for those looking for a compact and convenient device for sterilizing their nail tools and other metal instruments. 6. BUCICE Plastic Sterilizing Tray Box The BUCICE Plastic Sterilizing Tray Box is a versatile and efficient solution for keeping your nail art tools, tweezers, and hair salon tools clean and sanitized. This tray uses high-temperature sterilization to kill bacteria and germs on your tools, ensuring they are safe for clients. - Suitable for all use It is perfect for personal or home use and ensures that your tools are free of dirt and bacteria. The tray is made of durable plastic and is sturdy, leak-proof, waterproof, non-toxic, and safe for use. - Plastic tray The package includes 1 plastic cleaning tray box measuring 8.85″(L) x 4.9″(W) x 2.7″(H), making it a great partner for your nail art salon. With this tray, you’ll never have to worry about dirty tools again, and you can keep your tools in top condition for your clients. - High-temperature sterilization is a reliable method for killing bacteria and germs - It can hold multiple tools at once, making it convenient for daily use - The portable and lightweight design makes it easy to take on-the-go - Easy to clean, making it convenient for daily use - High-temperature sterilization may not be effective on all types of bacteria, especially spores. The tray is a great solution for personal or home use; it helps ensure that your tools are free of dirt and bacteria and is a great partner for your nail art salon. I would recommend this tray to anyone who wants to keep their tools clean and sanitized, it’s easy to use and durable, and safe. 7. LXIANGN Nail Tool Sterilizer The LXIANGN Nail Tool Sterilizer is a portable and convenient solution for keeping your nail tools, tweezers, tattoo tools, scissors, jewelry, phones, watches, and keys clean and sanitized. - LED sterilization technology This sterilizer uses LED sterilization technology, which is stronger and faster than traditional UV light sterilization, with an efficiency of up to 99.9%. - Durable ABS material Made of durable ABS material, it is built to withstand long-term use and is suitable for professional or personal use. It is designed with safety in mind and automatically stops working when opened, adding an extra layer of safety to protect the user. - USB Chargeable - Portable and lightweight - UV light sterilization is an effective method for killing bacteria and germs - USB Chargeable feature makes it portable and convenient to use - Lightweight and easy to use, making it perfect for daily use - It can be used to sterilize a variety of items, including nail tools, tweezers, tattoo tools, scissors, jewelry, phones, watches, and keys - It may not be suitable for tools with intricate or delicate designs as the UV light may cause damage or discoloration. I would recommend this sterilizer to anyone looking for a powerful, reliable, and easy-to-use device for keeping their tools clean and sanitized. It is suitable for professional or personal use and can be used to sterilize a wide range of items, making it a must-have for any salon, spa, or personal use. 8. GNIXTING Nail Art Tools Cleaner The GNIXTING Nail Art Tools Cleaner is a versatile and powerful solution for keeping your metal and stainless steel tools clean and sanitized. - Perfect for professional and personal use, nail salon, hair salon, tattoo shop, home, and more. - Easy to use - Used for metal implements such as tattoo needles, tweezers, nail nippers, manicure pedicure tools, and more. - Big Space for cleaning a whole set of nails, tattoos and barber tools. - With Glass Beads for cleaning your tools - Easy to use, plug in the outlet, and the nail sterilizer machine will automatically increase to and maintain 185 degrees, to clean the metal tool at high temperatures. - Versatile and can be used for a wide range of metal implements. - Big Space for cleaning a large number of tools at once. - Glass beads are included for cleaning your tools - Not suitable for non-metal or non-stainless steel tools as they will melt. 9. YoleShy Professional Plastic Sterilizing The YoleShy Professional Plastic Sterilizing Tray is a versatile and convenient solution for keeping your nail tools, tweezers, hair salon tools, spa tools, and cutter manicure equipment clean and sanitized. Made of durable plastic, it is built to withstand long-term use and is suitable for professional or personal use. It is designed with safety in mind and is leak-proof, waterproof, non-toxic, and safe for use. - Plastic Sterilizing Tray - Clean Sterilizer Box - Storage Organizer for Nails, Tweezers, Hair Salon, Spa & Cutter Manicure Equipment - Nail Art Tool - Durable plastic material - Leak-proof, waterproof, non-toxic & safe - Durable and long-lasting use - Safe and reliable - Easy and convenient to use - Suitable for professional or personal use - It can be used to sterilize a variety of items, including nail tools, tweezers, hair salon tools, spa tools, and cutter manicure equipment. - It may not be suitable for tools with intricate or delicate designs as the UV light may cause damage or discoloration Features to Consider when Buying a Nail Tool Sterilizer It is important to consider certain factors before getting a nail tool sterilizer because it ensures that you get a safe, effective, and suitable product for your needs. Some factors to consider include the following: 1. Consider the size and weight The size and weight of the sterilizer is an important factors to consider, especially if you plan on transporting it frequently or storing it in a small space. A compact, the lightweight sterilizer will be more convenient to move around and store, while a larger, heavier unit may be more cumbersome. It’s also worth considering whether you need a portable unit or a countertop sterilizer. 2. Consider the power source The power source of the sterilizer is an important factor to consider, as it can affect the unit’s portability and convenience. Some sterilizers require a power outlet and must be plugged in to work, while others may be battery-operated and can be used anywhere. A battery-operated unit might be more convenient if you plan on using the sterilizer in different locations. 3. Consider the sterilization method The sterilization method used by a sterilizer is an important factor to consider, as different methods may have different levels of effectiveness and efficiency. Some sterilizers use UV-C light to kill bacteria and viruses effectively, while others use heat to sterilize tools. It’s important to consider which method is most effective for your needs and whether it’s safe for the tools you want to sterilize. 4. Consider the additional attachments and accessories Some sterilizers may come with additional attachments or accessories, such as trays for holding tools or timers for automatic shut-off. Consider which additional features would be useful for your needs, such as a removable tray that allows you to sterilize multiple tools at once or a timer that automatically turns the unit off after a certain period. 5. Consider the price You’ll want to ensure that the sterilizer you choose is within your budget and that the price is reasonable for its features and capabilities. It’s important to research different brands and models to compare prices and ensure you’re getting the best value for your money. Additionally, it’s important to consider the cost of replacement parts and accessories and any additional features you may want or need. How to Choose the Right Sterilization Method for Your Salon When choosing the suitable sterilization method for your salon, there are several factors to consider: 1. Type of tools Different types of tools require other sterilization methods. For example, heat-sensitive tools like hair shears or plastic combs require chemical sterilization, while metal tools like tweezers or nail clippers can be sterilized using heat or UV light. 2. Speed of sterilization Some methods, like chemical sterilization, can take a long time to complete, while others, like heat sterilization or UV light sterilization, are faster. Consider your time for sterilization and choose a method that fits your schedule. Different sterilization methods have different costs associated with them. For example, chemical sterilization can be more expensive than heat or UV light sterilization. Consider your budget and choose a method that fits within your financial means. 4. Ease of use Some methods, like heat sterilization, can be difficult and time-consuming, while others, like UV light sterilization, are relatively simple and easy to use. Consider how much time and effort you are willing to put into sterilization and choose a easy method. Also, some sterilization methods can be dangerous if not used properly; for example, heat sterilization can burn you if you’re not careful. Consider the potential risks and choose a method that is safe for you and your staff to use. Legal Requirements for Sterilizing Nail Tools The legal requirements for sterilizing nail tools vary by state and country. In the United States, sterilization of nail tools is typically regulated by state boards of cosmetology. In general, nail tools such as files and buffers must be disinfected between clients using a hospital-grade disinfectant. Also, all metal tools must be sterilized using an autoclave, which uses high heat and pressure to kill all bacteria and pathogens. It’s also mandatory for nail salons to properly store and label the tools which are being sterilized. It is also important to note that the salon should have a process for monitoring the sterilization process and record keeping to demonstrate compliance if audited by the regulatory authorities. How to Use and Maintain a Nail Tool Sterilizer 1. Clean tools thoroughly before usage Before using the nail tool sterilizer, it is important to clean the tools thoroughly with soap and water. This removes any dirt, debris, or bacteria that may be present on the tools, which can interfere with the sterilization process. Use a mild soap and a brush to scrub the tools, paying special attention to the areas that come into contact with skin or nails. Rinse the tools thoroughly with water and dry them completely before placing them in the sterilizer. 2. Check and follow the manufacturer’s guidelines Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for loading the tools into the sterilizer. This may involve placing the tools in a specific tray or container or arranging them in a certain way within the sterilizer. Be sure to load the tools in a way that allows for maximum exposure to the sterilization process. 3. Start sterilizing Set the sterilizer to the appropriate temperature and time as per the manufacturer’s instructions. The temperature and time required for sterilization will vary depending on the type of tools being sterilized, and the manufacturer’s guidelines should be followed carefully. The sterilizer may use heat, chemicals, or UV light to sterilize the tools. 4. Allow it to cool after sterilizing Once the sterilization cycle is complete, allow the tools to cool before removing them from the sterilizer. This will prevent any burns or injuries, and it will also help to protect the tools from damage. 5. Store the tools in a clean, dry location until they are ready to be used This helps to maintain the tools in a sterile condition and prevent contamination. Make sure to store the tools in a location free from dust and other contaminants and away from direct sunlight. Tips for Maintaining and Cleaning a Sterilizer 1. Keep it clean Keep the sterilizer clean and free from debris by wiping it down with a damp cloth after each use. This will prevent the buildup of dust and other contaminants that can interfere with the sterilization process. Wipe down the sterilizer’s exterior and any trays or containers used to hold the tools. Also, keep the tools clean and well-maintained, and use a disinfectant or alcohol solution to wipe them down before and after each use. This will help to prevent the spread of bacteria and other contaminants. 2. Clean the sterilizer base on the manufacturer’s instruction Clean the sterilizer according to the manufacturer’s instructions, which may involve using a special cleaning solution. Some sterilizers may require specific cleaning solutions or methods, so following the manufacturer’s guidelines is important to ensure proper cleaning and maintenance. 3. Maintain it properly Perform regular maintenance checks to ensure the sterilizer is functioning properly and calibrating correctly. This may involve checking the temperature and timing settings or checking for any signs of wear or damage. Regular maintenance will help extend the sterilizer’s life and ensure that it continues to function effectively. 4. Keep the sterilizer in a dry, well-ventilated area Humidity and moisture can cause damage to the sterilizer, so it is important to keep it in a location that is free from excess moisture. A well-ventilated area will also help to keep the sterilizer cool and prevent overheating. Safety Precautions When Using a Nail Tool Sterilizer 1. Proper training Ensure that all staff using the sterilizer have received proper training on using it safely and effectively. This includes understanding the proper loading and unloading procedures, as well as how to set the appropriate temperature and time settings. 2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as gloves and face masks when handling tools before and after sterilization to prevent cross-contamination. 3. Temperature precautions Be aware of the temperature settings of the sterilizer and use caution when handling tools that have been recently sterilized, as they may be hot to the touch. Allow tools to cool down before handling or using them. 4. Electrical safety Follow all safety precautions related to electricity when using the sterilizer. This includes ensuring that the sterilizer is properly grounded and that all electrical connections are secure. 5. Proper ventilation and following instructions Ensure that the area where the sterilizer is used is well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of harmful gases or fumes. Follow the instructions: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using the sterilizer, including the recommended temperature and time settings. 6. Regular maintenance Keep the sterilizer in good working condition by regularly cleaning and maintaining it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Also, be aware of the expiry date of the sterilization solution and replace it accordingly to ensure that the tools are effectively sterilized. 7. Always keep records Keep records of the sterilization process, including the date, time, and temperature settings. This will help to ensure that the sterilizer is functioning properly and will also help to meet any regulatory or compliance requirements. What are the different types of sterilization methods for nail tools? There are several methods of sterilization for nail tools, including: -Chemical sterilization: using hospital-grade disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria and pathogens -Heat sterilization: using an autoclave, which uses high heat and pressure to kill bacteria and pathogens -UV sterilization: using ultraviolet light to kill bacteria and pathogens Is for personal use or only for a salon? Sterilizing nail tools is important for both personal and professional use. Salons need to sterilize tools between clients to prevent the spread of infections, while individuals should sterilize their own tools to maintain personal hygiene. How often should I sterilize my nail tools? You should sterilize your nail tools after each use (frequently). This is because nail salons are considered high-risk environments for the spread of infections and diseases, and it is important to take measures to prevent the transmission of bacteria and pathogens from one client to another. How long does it take to sterilize my nail tools using a sterilizer? The time it takes to sterilize tools using a sterilizer can vary depending on the type of sterilizer used and the manufacturer's instructions. On average, it can take anywhere from 15 minutes to an hour. Can I sterilize multiple tools at once in a sterilizer? Yes, it is possible to sterilize multiple tools at once in a sterilizer, but it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for loading the tools to ensure that they are properly sterilized. How do I know when my sterilizer needs to be replaced? A sterilizer may need to be replaced if it is no longer functioning properly or if it has reached the end of its useful life. You can also check if the sterilizer is making strange noises, or if it is not reaching the required temperature. You can choose any of the product that has been reviewed above. However, consider all the factors that will aid your guide in selecting the best nail tools sterilizer. All the products are tested and trusted. Read also: do nails grow faster in water

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For instance, it can be a house party or a mistaken spilled by your children. Don’t worry! Gleam Curtain Cleaning Adelaide is here to help you provide curtain cleaning services. Several velvet curtains are machine washable while others need dry cleaning. Our qualified professionals will inspect to let you know which yours are and what method can be used. Especially, for lined velvet curtains, we provide drapery steam/ dry cleaning service only. Usually, these curtains are very lightweight and so the material of these curtains makes them susceptible to snagging and wrinkling when they’re damp or wet. Therefore, it is recommended to hand wash them in a sink filled with cold water and one teaspoon of liquid dish detergent. Wobble them outdoors to dislodge dust and pet hair. Also, make sure you wash one panel at a time by submerging it in the soapy water for 10 minutes; twirling to loosen debris. Swirl the panel again to remove soap residue and leave it for drying. 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Friends of mine know that one of the first things I do when I buy a new academic book is read the acknowledgements. Learning about the people deemed important enough to the scholar that they are mentioned in their book—family, mentors, colleagues, editors, institutional partners—adds a textured layer to the scholarship that lies ahead. I’m always interested in those who influenced the ‘why’ and the ‘how’ of the work. The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology (2018), edited by Ira E. Harrison, Deborah Johnson-Simon, and Erica Lorraine Williams, has no formal acknowledgement section, save for a short musing from one of the three co-editors. Instead, I’d argue the entire book acts as an acknowledgement to an older generation of Black anthropologists. Through intellectual biographies, a more junior group of Black anthropologists recognizes a cohort who earned their degrees between 1960 and 1969. This book gives thanks to fifteen pioneers who shaped the discipline through their administrative and leadership roles, theoretical interventions and intellectual labor, activism on and off campus, and commitment to their students and peers. This generous presentation of a previous generation inspired me to speak with the authors who profiled these pioneers. In October 2020, I organized group interviews with eleven of the book’s contributors. I was interested to learn how these scholars chose their pioneer, what they found surprising during the research process, and what drew them to participate in a project that highlighted an older generation. Over the course of the interviews, we discussed their own work, the work of the person they wrote about, the current state of anthropology, and why the research of these Black scholars matters. The intergenerational nature of my interviews informed conversations that were temporally and historically grounded. The book acts as a call to recognize and reclaim Black anthropologists who studied and worked during a time not too long ago. This foundation lends itself to thinking of the various histories of anthropology and rethinking the discipline’s narrative of itself to center the intellectual labor of Black scholars. I have crafted an argument that combines the contributors’ interview insights with the book’s intellectual biographies to capture the parallels between the experiences of multiple generations of Black anthropologists. All of these scholars demonstrate their commitment to calling out the impacts of white supremacy, racism, and colonialism in anthropology, institutions of higher education, and US society. The Need to Rehistoricize Anthropology Notions of time, history, and what constitutes the past are complicated when considering experiences of Blackness. This is particularly true when analyzed through the lens of Black studies, given, as Christina Sharpe notes, “in the wake, the past that is not past reappears, always, to rupture the present” (2016, 9). Through this frame, we can acknowledge the ways that events, narratives, and practices that took shape chronologically before us, particularly those rooted in anti-Blackness and white supremacy, have implications for contemporary Black life. Thus, living in the wake and the various afterlives of slavery (Sharpe 2016, Hartman 2007) disrupts normative notions of linear time because the past consistently reappears in the present. The very real entanglements of the not-so-distant-past with the everyday, lived reality of Black folks has been explored ethnographically by a number of scholars. Their recent works include, but are not limited to, Deborah A. Thomas’s Political Life in the Wake of the Plantation (2019), Karla Slocum’s Black Towns, Black Futures (2019), Dána-Ain Davis’s Reproductive Injustice (2019), Savannah Shange’s Progressive Dystopia (2019), and Laurence Ralph’s The Torture Letters (2020). This understanding of history, as necessary to quotidian life, further underlines the importance of The Second Generation. The stories in the book skillfully demonstrate how the discipline’s colonial and racist foundations, thought to be addressed by the liberal anti-racism of the Boasians (Anderson 2019), continued to impact Black scholars in the 1960s as they moved through the academy and larger society. The interconnectedness of the recent past and the present is woven through this book. In the first Pioneer volume, the editors write that “Anthropology’s critical reconstruction […] can be achieved only through a rethought historicism, a rehistoricization that repossesses both exposed and hidden dimensions of the past” (Harrison and Harrison 1999, 5). This continues to be the project of The Second Generation because of its focus on Black anthropologists who were attempting to create space for themselves only a few decades ago. As these pioneers are the “black classmates and counterparts of some of American anthropology’s most recognized and esteemed (white) anthropologists” (Harrison and Harrison 1999, 8), acknowledging their accomplishments reconfigures the stories that are often told of the discipline. When we center the narratives of Black anthropologists, we shift the discipline’s historical frame and reorient our views of what counts as decisive scholarly interventions. As Elgin L. Klugh stated in our interview, these scholars were “coming into anthropology in a highly segregated society at a time when anthropology was not necessarily as committed to the ideals of inclusion.” By focusing on the lived experiences and theoretical contributions of the Black pioneers, instead of their white peers, the contributors succeed in bringing attention to often erased aspects of twentieth century intellectual life. The contributors spoke directly to this need to rethink the discipline’s history by bringing attention to the term “pioneer.” Perhaps most importantly, the use of the term in the title acknowledges the book’s predecessor, Ira E. Harrison and Faye V. Harrison’s African-American Pioneers in Anthropology (1999), which focused on scholars trained in the period after World War I. Pioneers are those who are “the first and are forging this path for us to follow,” says Alice Baldwin-Jones. One of the book’s co-editors, Erica Lorraine Williams, points to the significance of the pioneers’ accomplishments: “They were the first Black person to be tenured, or Black woman to be tenured, the first woman president. So, they’re still occupying a lot of different roles where they were the first to do certain things.” Bertin M. Louis, Jr. adds that these were pioneering scholars because of their roles in developing different institutions, programs, and disciplinary fields. Not only were those profiled in the book foundational in shaping certain institutions, they were also creating space for future generations by leading the way forward. By claiming these under-recognized scholars as pioneers, we force the discipline to rethink the intellectuals it frequently celebrates as its founders. To further emphasize the importance of rehistoricization, consider the number of interviews included in The Second Generation. Nine of the fifteen pioneers—James Lowell Gibbs Jr., Diane K. Lewis, Niara Sudarkasa, Johnnetta B. Cole, Ira E. Harrison, Audrey Smedley, Oliver Osborne, Anselme Remy, and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan—were still living at the time that research was collected for the book. Therefore, rather than solely relying on an archive of texts to piece together a narrative, some contributing writers spoke directly with their pioneer and contributed interview data to their intellectual biography. The fact that this is partially an oral history project speaks powerfully to the relative newness of Black scholars in anthropology and shifts the frame of what we consider as historical and in the past. Organizing in Professional Associations Beyond exposing different histories of anthropology, The Second Generation highlights racist and anti-Black experiences within the discipline that are frequently written out of more liberal accounts. Many such narratives appear throughout the book. Charles Preston Warren II was a military forensic anthropologist whose work was purposely excluded from textbooks and stolen by other scholars. Diane K. Lewis experienced blatant racism and sexism at every level as she journeyed through the academy, which led her to study anthropology and contribute to the Black feminist movement. Niara Sudarkasa was initially denied promotion to full professor at University of Michigan because her courses were seen as only tangentially relevant to her department. It is because of these kinds of institutional and bureaucratic barriers that the Black pioneers came together in creative ways, despite their educational experiences and faculty appointments across various universities. Karen Brodkin, Sandra Morgen, and Janis Hutchinson remind us that “anthropology’s resistance to the epistemologies of ethnic‐studies scholarship to examine disciplinary praxis led underrepresented anthropologists of color to create their own institutional spaces in the AAA [American Anthropological Association] from which to develop critical and theoretically informed scholarship” (2011, 551). For Black anthropologists, this process began in 1968, when pioneers Council Taylor, Delmos Jones, Diane K. Lewis, Johnnetta B. Cole, and Oliver Osborne established the Minority Caucus in the AAA. This group, formally institutionalized in 1970 as the Association of Black Anthropologists (ABA), was also led by pioneers Ira E. Harrison, Vera Mae Green, Sheila S. Walker, and Glenn Jordan. Transforming Anthropology, the flagship journal for the ABA, was established in 1990 by linguistic anthropologist Arthur Spears. Its roots can be traced back to ABA newsletters, Notes from the Natives and Notes from the ABA, which first appeared in 1973 and were spearheaded by Sheila S. Walker. Together, the creation of this association and its publications demonstrate Black anthropologists’ efforts to shift “the center of authority and legitimacy in research and scholarship from those established institutions which our people do not control to more democratically structured bases which embody the interests and priorities of ordinary Black folk” (Harrison 1990, 11). With these new institutions, there was space for Black anthropologists to come together, as thinkers and as writers, to critically consider structures of power that shaped both the discipline and their lived experiences. Even 50 years later, the need for the Association of Black Anthropologists persists—perhaps even more so now. The current President of the ABA, Riché J. Daniel Barnes, spoke to the continued importance of the organization and her role in it, saying, “the reason why I was okay with being told to run for president was because of how much ABA has done for me and I wanted to be able to continue to do that for others, and even expand our offerings. Our ability to continue to mentor young anthropologists, to continue to help mid-career anthropologists get to associate and tenure, to support our applied anthropologists and make sure they have a platform as well within anthropology and especially within the Association of Black Anthropologists.” These aims, and more, are outlined as original goals of the ABA (Harrison 2010). It is through the leadership of the association’s Presidents, several pioneers included, that the organization has been so successful over time. Black anthropologists are still working to bring representation to the field’s subdisciplines. Biocultural anthropologist Rachel Watkins recently referred to this discrepancy during a SAPIENS/Wenner-Gren panel discussion. “Western science, as an extension of western knowledge creation, is largely about racial ordering in relation to a human standard that puts people who are not white, cis, hetero, able-bodied, on the margins,” she explained. “So the people’s remains who are in laboratories and institutions reflect being on those margins. By extension, western science and western knowledge also racially order what roles different groups of people play in the production of knowledge relative to where they are to the center or the margins. Given that legacy, I think that’s a large part of the reason why there are so few folks of color in archaeology and biological anthropology, in particular.” This contemporary concern is particularly reflected amongst the pioneers, as most of the second generation were cultural anthropologists. Only a few were affiliated with subfields or subdisciplines, with Oliver Osborne in medical anthropology as a trained nurse, Claudia Mitchell-Kernan in linguistic anthropology, and Charles Preston Warren II in military forensic anthropology. In response to this discrepancy, groups for anthropology’s subdisciplines were recently developed. This is an interesting call back to the organizing work done by the pioneers to form the ABA. It also speaks to the importance of creating space for scholars to thrive outside of, but alongside, organizations that are racially unmarked, but coded as white: - The Society of Black Archaeologists was founded in 2011 by Justin Dunnavant and Ayana Flewellen and has been instrumental in the creation of a monthly webinar series, aptly titled “From the Margins to the Mainstream.” - Black Biological Anthropologists was formed in 2020, as these members belong to a subdiscipline with little ethnoracial diversity (Antón, Malhi, and Fuentes 2018). Among their numerous initiatives is the Black Bio Anth citation list, developed by founding member Tisa Loewen. - The Society of Black Language & Culture (SOBLAC) was created in 2020 for linguistic anthropologists, with a forthcoming journal entitled Journal of Black Language & Culture. The group, under the leadership of Anne Charity Hudley, has two edited volumes in the works. Hope and Optimism for this Critical Moment I ended each group interview with a question about hope. At a time of overlapping crises rooted in anti-Black racism and state and police violence which recall struggles experienced by earlier generations of Black scholars, what might be the potential of this particular moment? The contributors’ answers addressed the chaos that has been added to the already taxing experience of being a Black anthropologist and educator. For example, Angela McMillan Howell explains that putting “out fires for Black students who are struggling right now,” as they deal with COVID-related illness, mental illness, food insecurity, and academic struggles, is a “very practiced and applied” process. Riché J. Daniel Barnes added that because of how these moments converge, “I’m trying to do so much and I think many of us are trying to do so much to move things in these moments,” but “it’s very difficult to believe in a longer lasting movement or change.” They noted how challenging it can be to remain hopeful when Black people are consistently under attack and disproportionately at risk of experiencing systemic, state-sanctioned violence. Still, the contributors displayed optimism. For example, they considered the idea of letting anthropology burn (Jobson 2020) to be one of great potential. “I think a lot of the new work coming out by people like Savannah Shange and Ashanté Reese is thinking about anti-Blackness in really critical ways,” said Erica Lorraine Williams. She continued, “In terms of highlighting white supremacy, highlighting Black resistance, highlighting all these different things, they’re building upon the past and the contributions and the things that we’ve learned from the past.” Bertin M. Louis, Jr. added, “I see it as not really like anthropology burning, but more as a moment of restructuring. In the ashes of not just the discipline but also of the world that’s burning now to hopefully do something better with this. I think Black studies and Black anthropologists have a lot to say about this tradition of not just preserving Black life, but preserving our species.” He continues by saying that simultaneous to arguments for restructuring, “we also need to pay attention to these folks who are part of this Black anthropological lineage and what they do with their anthropological knowledge outside of the discipline to affect other parts of academia and society.” Antoinette Jackson agreed: “If you let anthropology burn, you can’t throw out the baby with the bathwater. So, you don’t want to throw out people like Vera Green, who spent her life inside of the academy. These are things we need to highlight and maybe we’re throwing out the canon, but not Anthropology.” The most consistent hopeful response referred to the “critical mass” that currently exists within the discipline. This exact wording was repeatedly used to speak to the relative power Black anthropologists have gained through their heightened presence and intergenerational solidarity and mentoring. “We now have a critical mass of scholars who can bring attention to these things and talk about these things within anthropology,” begins Rachel Watkins. “I think that the fact that a number of the contributors to this volume are people in my cohort, in terms of when you’re in school, the fact that we’re all in anthropology departments is a manifestation of the labor that the previous generation poured into us. What they poured into us allowed us to be able to secure those positions.” Elgin L. Klugh continues reflecting on changes in the profession, “It’s been interesting to see that critical mass that Rachel’s talked of, these newcomers, these young folks. I see more people at the AAA conference and not just more, but more people in the subdisciplines. For example, Justin Dunnavant, the archaeologist, doing this interesting underwater archaeology. I had him come and speak to Coppin State because he’s from Maryland and he’s a graduate of Howard University. The idea that we’re actually getting so big in number we don’t even get a chance to know each other, quite frankly, and just integrating into all the various nooks and crannies of anthropology.” In short, the greater number of Black scholars with doctoral degrees in anthropology has helped to create a space in the discipline for their scholarship and voices. Further, Alisha R. Winn points out that key to this critical mass is the visibility of Black anthropologists in various leadership positions. This provides an opportunity to take “advantage of the positions we are in to voice, or encourage, or push for incorporation.” For example, several of the contributors currently act as department chairs (Angela McMillan Howell, Antoinette Jackson, Riché J. Daniel Barnes, and Erica Lorraine Williams), department administrators (Elgin L. Klugh and Bertin M. Louis, Jr.), company founders (Alisha R. Winn and Deborah Johnson-Simon), and members of leadership boards of AAA sections (Riché J. Daniel Barnes and Bertin M. Louis, Jr.). It matters that there are more Black anthropologists present in the discipline and in these positions because it creates opportunities to guide structural change. Emulating the Pioneers Rachel Watkins stated that the contributors in various leadership positions are “actually emulating the pioneers” because “it was their kind of radical imaginings of anthropology that allowed them to claim anthropology, while they were doing all of these things that within the context of Western knowledge production, were not anthropology.” Watkins speaks directly to institutional and disciplinary barriers that determine what is included and excluded as anthropological theory and knowledge. Because of their positioning in relation to other disciplines, particularly Black studies, and their critiques of the need to remain “objective” to contribute critical interventions, Black anthropologists have been able to shape conversations within the field to stretch the narrow boundaries of what is classified as worthy of study and who is able to conduct this research– a potential intensified when Black anthropologists hold positions of authority. Their desire to reimagine the field is just one of the ways that the experiences of the pioneers and contributors mirror each other. Another is in the way that both cohorts prioritize working with and connecting with local communities, given their shared understanding that research is not meant to be circulated just within the walls of the academy. Consider, for example, Elgin L. Klugh’s work with the Laurel Cemetery project, Angela McMillan Howell’s participation in The Hill Community Project, and Antoinette Jackson’s commitment to The Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor. One of the book’s co-editors, Deborah Johnson-Simon, believes that the local Black community is integral to her work and research in Savannah, Georgia, especially because of her commitment to museum anthropology. She desires “to work with communities enough so they see that the things you’re interested in are all the things that are of interest to them. I think that should be our guiding piece because that’s the only way we’re going to get young people to be able to come into this field and make any kind of difference. It’s to take seriously that we need to engage with communities in really meaningful ways that are important to them.” This kind of approach is one that Cheryl R. Rodriguez credits to pioneer Diane K. Lewis: “she encouraged Black anthropologists to work in Black communities. Those ideas that Black anthropologists should work in Black communities and not only take from Black communities to create scholarship and knowledge but also contribute back to them. She talked about applied anthropology and the ways in which we should be contributing to Black communities and that has been a legacy among Black anthropologists. Many of us have really tried to do that.” Another exemplary pioneer in this respect is Vera Mae Green; Antoinette Jackson said “we’re producing and reproducing Vera Green all time” in the applied anthropology program at the University of South Florida. Through such public-facing projects, the contributors are working against a form of anthropology that extracts knowledge from people and communities in order merely to perform its theorization in the academy. As anthropologists, we should constantly be circling back to the people and the places we work with and learn from. The contributors also emulate the work of the pioneers through their prolonged commitment to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). The pioneers were deeply rooted in HBCUs: Ira E. Harrison was a graduate of Morehouse College and conducted research at Hampton University, Anselme Remy taught at Fisk University, Johnnetta B. Cole served as the president of Spelman College and Bennett College, and Niara Sudarkasa was president of Lincoln University. Not only are several in the contributors’ cohort HBCU alumni, including Alisha R. Winn, Rachel Watkins, Elgin L. Klugh, Riché J. Daniel Barnes, and Angela McMillan Howell, but several have also joined the faculty at these institutions, either previously or currently, including Alisha R. Winn, Erica Lorraine Williams, Deborah Johnson-Simon, Angela McMillan Howell, and Elgin L. Klugh. Connections to HBCUs demonstrate how important these institutions remain in educating Black undergraduates, introducing them to anthropology, and creating a pipeline to graduate programs in the discipline. An AAA panel about HBCUs and anthropology organized for the 2011 Montreal meetings included several of the contributors. Alisha R. Winn participated in the panel and explained that “we were describing the importance of having anthropology programs and anthropology courses at HBCUs because for the majority of us, anthropology was introduced to us through these HBCUs.” Despite how important these institutions have been in introducing anthropology to young Black scholars, there are now only one or two trained anthropologists employed at these institutions. This makes it difficult for the few who are there to encourage interest in the discipline and to be the discipline’s sole representatives to large groups of undergraduate students. Deborah Johnson-Simon noted that “you have to fight with people to get more anthropology. The only thing we can keep is intro, so I do everything with intro. I do it all.” Referring to the critical mass suggested by others, Elgin L. Klugh added, “I’d like to see the growth of the fields within HBCUs. I understand some of the historical context as to why anthropology is not necessarily present in HBCUs, but now is the time where that critical mass can start to spill over into that arena, too.” A number of networks surfaced when tracing the intergenerational and institutional connections between the pioneers and the contributors to the volume. Johnnetta B. Cole was president of Spelman College when Riché J. Daniel Barnes was an undergraduate. Subsequently, the former was a distinguished presidential professor in anthropology at Emory University when the latter attended graduate school there. Because of his connection to Morehouse College, Ira E. Harrison was a mentor to Elgin L. Klugh. Rachel Watkins was introduced to biological anthropology at Howard University through W. Montague Cobb’s Black scholar activist tradition and Michael Blakey’s continuation of this tradition, and she also worked with Delmos Jones at that time. Antoinette Jackson and Alisha R. Winn were the first winners of The Vera Green Publication Award, an award named for the pioneer to highlight the work of public anthropologists. Alisha R. Winn and Ira E. Harrison were both archivists for the ABA, with the latter mentoring the former while she held the role. Alice Baldwin-Jones worked with Yolanda Moses as an undergraduate at City College of New York, during which time she learned of Laurence Foster, and then she worked with George Clement Bond as a graduate student at Columbia University. This is just one way to consider the threads that link the pioneers and the contributors. By coding their institutional connections in this way, it becomes clear that the pioneers were committed not only to their own success in the academy, but to nurturing, supporting, and mentoring forthcoming generations in ways that have continued to shape the discipline. Honoring Dr. Ira E. Harrison When discussing mentors, I would be remiss if I did not focus on Dr. Ira E. Harrison, who passed away in April 2020. Dr. Harrison was a co-editor of both Pioneer volumes and was also profiled by Alisha R. Winn in The Second Generation. He was described as “a historian and preserver of history” with a commitment “to locate and identify past and present African American anthropologists. As the ABA’s first archivist, Harrison sought to ensure that the accomplishments and works of ABA members as well as ABA events and meetings were recorded and preserved” (Winn 2018, 121). Angela McMillan Howell affectionately referred to him as “the dean of all things Black anthropology.” Almost every contributor shared a story about him; they collectively narrate a lighthearted personality which shines through in his love of photographs and poetry, his spirit of inclusiveness and collegiality, his unmatched approach to mentorship and community-building, and his persistence to the project of reclaiming Black scholars. Bertin M. Louis, Jr. noted, “He was very special in the sense that he did a lot of the behind the scenes work that put things together that you don’t necessarily hear about or is published about. But he did all this behind the scenes work that kept the ABA going and he contributed something that was much bigger than himself.” As an example of this background work, several contributors described how Dr. Harrison quietly bestowed upon them a pioneer to research during the AAA meetings in Montreal in 2011. It appears that when the panelists met to discuss the relationship between HBCUs and anthropology, Dr. Harrison was already tinkering with the idea of a second Pioneers book. Co-editor Deborah Johnson-Simon describes his years-long dedication to seeing the book come to fruition as a “real labor of love.” To celebrate Dr. Harrison’s life and legacy, Riché J. Daniel Barnes said that we must “make sure that the Association of Black Anthropologists continues to do the work of being that voice within American anthropology and also continuing the mentoring of those that are coming behind us.” It is because of this ongoing legacy that I found my conversations with the contributors to be so powerful: the President and President-elect were present as we discussed those who provided the foundation for the Association of Black Anthropologists in the 1960s; Dr. Harrison’s presence was made clear through the comments of others; anthropologists both in the academy and in the public space participated in the interviews; and, through the pioneers, the contributors, and me, sixty years of Black anthropology was represented. Savannah Shange notes that “writing is ancestor work” (2019, ix) and this truth was felt throughout the various layers of this work. On every level, this project is an acknowledgement of the brilliance that Black anthropologists, as intellectual contemporaries, elders, and ancestors, offered a discipline that continues to participate in the erasure of their work. It is a concerted effort to write against the fact that, according to Cheryl R. Rodriguez, “we as Black people, as African Americans and as Black people throughout the diaspora, we had been so misrepresented by anthropologists, so exploited.” Even more, “Black women were brutally misrepresented or just completely invisible in anthropology.” Because of how it chronicles the pioneers’ experiences, The Second Generation is a bold and necessary celebration of all that Black anthropologists have accomplished. But there’s still work to be done to ensure that Black anthropologists are adequately recognized for their theoretical interventions, intellectual contributions, and labor in and beyond the academy. When describing the project of anthropology for Black students and scholars, Rachel Watkins says, “There’s an intellectual prowess associated with the challenge of having to theorize yourself into humanity on a daily basis.” It is with this in mind that we must work to recognize scholars, narratives, and histories that continue to be taken for granted. Return to the Table of Contents Read about the contributors to The Second Generation Browse the Zotero library for this series Anderson, Mark. 2019. From Boas to Black Power: Racism, Liberalism, and American Anthropology. Redwood City: Stanford University Press. Brodkin, Karen, Sandra Morgen, and Janis Hutchinson. 2011. “Anthropology as White Public Space?” American Anthropologist 113 (4): 545–56. Davis, Dána-Ain. 2019. Reproductive Injustice: Racism, Pregnancy, and Premature Birth. Anthropologies of American Medicine: Culture, Power, and Practice. NYU Press. Harrison, Faye V. 1990. “From The President.” Transforming Anthropology 1 (1): 10–11. Harrison, Ira E. 2010. “The Association of Black Anthropologists: A Brief History.” Transforming Anthropology 18 (2): 120–27. Harrison, Ira E., and Faye V. Harrison, eds. 1999. African-American Pioneers in Anthropology. University of Illinois Press. Harrison, Ira E., Deborah Johnson-Simon, and Erica Lorraine Williams. 2018. The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Hartman, Saidiya. 2007. Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Jobson, Ryan Cecil. 2020. “The Case for Letting Anthropology Burn: Sociocultural Anthropology in 2019.” American Anthropologist 122 (2): 259–71. Ralph, Laurence. 2020. The Torture Letters: Reckoning with Police Violence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Shange, Savannah. 2019. Progressive Dystopia: Abolition, Antiblackness, and Schooling in San Francisco. Duke University Press. Sharpe, Christina. 2016. In the Wake: On Blackness and Being. Duke University Press. Slocum, Karla. 2019. Black Towns, Black Futures: The Enduring Allure of a Black Place in the American West. University of North Carolina Press. Thomas, Deborah A. 2019. Political Life in the Wake of the Plantation: Sovereignty, Witnessing, Repair. Durham: Duke University Press. Winn, Alisha R. 2018. “Ira E. Harrison: Activist, Scholar, and Visionary Pioneer.” In The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology, edited by Ira E. Harrison, Deborah Johnson-Simon, and Erica Lorraine Williams, 114–25. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Volume contributors’ names are bolded throughout these pieces and, unless otherwise noted, their quoted words are drawn from the interviews that form the basis for this series as described in the author’s introduction. The association’s fiftieth year and the journal’s thirtieth year were marked in 2020. To celebrate these anniversaries, the October 2020 issue of Transforming Anthropology honors the fiftieth anniversary of the ABA through commentaries that reflect on the elders’ contributions to the discipline. The volume’s cover art includes a drawing rendition of Ira E. Harrison.

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Share your stories about sailing on the Hudson and boat restoration by contacting us at [email protected] and mark them for The B/log. We also welcome comments and questions. For the most part we didn’t do that bad. We finished 99th overall (out of +/- 140), none of us had ever been on an ocean race before, and the weather was terrible. Everything considered it could have been a lot worse. But it should have been a lot better. We didn’t even beat Abraxas. And for the better part of the trip I was miserable, scared, drunk, or sometimes all three. It seems to me our problems fell into four general categories: The problems listed here are more or less related to our scheduling of the whole affair. We boarded the boat Tuesday night having only seen it once before the season. We knew or should have known that setting to Marion for the Thursday afternoon check-in might be tight. Yes, we are all trying to lead professional lives on the side to support our sailing habit but if there is to be a next time setting an earlier jump on things might prevent some of the following: WE GOT OFF LATE — As it was, we had to rush to set off by Wednesday afternoon, and we left some minor things undone. We did not have a full crew until mid-morning Wednesday, and even then BT showed up with some spectators. There were too any goddam things left to be installed. The horseshoe rings, the MOB pole and light mounts, some radio gear, and so on. Another 24 hours would have given us time to do it right – there were times that anyone going overboard would have been in for a long swim. As it was, we barely made it to Marion under the wire, and by then, I, for one was already frazzled. NO DETAILED INSPECTION OF THE BOAT — Half way to Bermuda one of the port-side shrouds was noticed swinging in the breeze. By the time we got to Bermuda the spinnaker halyard winch was almost overboard and was making nasty noises. Did anyone go over the boat and the rigging? I certainly didn’t. It was blowing pretty hard when we finally noticed the shroud problem. What if we had been on the other tact when the squalls hit? Next time we should even send someone up the stick — remember the jumper-stay on Heffalump that let go one fine morning? IMPROPER STORAGE OF GEAR –The life-raft damn near came loose: I think it was the same day we discovered the shroud problem. We were in a hurry in New Bedford because of the delays with the motor and waiting for the raft. We should have spent more time and thought to the layout. By the end of the trip the cutaway knife was so rusty I don’t think it could have been used. Which didn’t matter because by then we had no emergency fresh water. Jamming the plastic water jug down into the cockpit locker with the awning gear and all the other crap resulted in a puncture. The only thing we did stow away properly was the dingy (more on that later). NO MOB DRILLS (OR ANY OTHER KIND) — Before we took off there was all manner of righteous talk about the MOB drills we were going to run on the way to Marion. Had someone really fallen in we might have either lost a crew person or all wound up overboard in the rescue attempt. The closest we came to a drill was a somewhat drunken and highly theoretical argument about correct procedures. Heaving to is not as simple as it sounds and two hours practice in a breeze would have helped prepare us. Also the experience of get trying to get one of the larger crew persons back onboard, even under perfect conditions, would have shown us whether it’s really as difficult as some people say. Even something as simple as everyone taking a reef in the main and the genoa would have assured that (a) everyone did it the same way, and (b) the mainsail reefing lines would have been rigged before the start. But of course we didn’t have time for this. THE GREAT DRY ICE EXPERIMENT — It sounded great. Freeze all these packages solid as shit in dry ice, and unpack them two at a time so they could cool down the beer as they thawed out. Other people have done it, and it should have worked. Three days out from Marion the dry ice was gone and the food was mostly spoiled. Our fault. When we packed in Lancaster we lined the cooler with dry ice and then added the “pre-frozen” meals we had stored in the garage freezer. But dumping the frozen food on top of the dry ice must have been like pouring in boiling water. The food should have been frozen first, then packed in dry ice two or three days before the start, then repacked with dry ice and sealed the day before the start and delivered to us in Marion. With all those launches around we would have had no problem meeting someone and setting the cooler on board. There were a surprising number of equipment failures both going and returning. Some we can blame on the weather, some on Peter Costas and his amateur boatyard staff, and some on our own negligence. It could have been worse, since there were at least two dismastings and uncounted other failures in the rest of the fleet, but I suspect the boats experiencing these failures were being sailed pretty hard. With the exception of the centerboard, we didn’t have any problem that threatened the integrity of Poseidon as a sailing vessel, but we had several that threatened our convenience and our safety. THE ENGINE — First on the charts (log) and last in our hearts. It first died on the way to New Bedford. We were able to set a mechanic to work on it but it’s not clear that he did more than add a missing gasket (thanks again, Peter) and clean the filters. Paul remembers that he found a surprising amount of water in the filter bowl. It did run reliably for another two or three days, but once it got thoroughly wet it was useless. The bilge pump failures may have contributed to the wetting. I’m still amazed that we were able to set it running again. It worked fine in Bermuda and for a while on the way back. It finally succumbed to water in the fuel. It is still not clear where all the water came from. The missing O-ring on the filler pipe plug could not have helped, but we had the rail in the water pretty often on the way down so I would have expected the problem to have appeared in Bermuda, not on the way back. In any case, not having power while becalmed in the Gulf Stream cost us at least one and maybe two days, not having power approaching Block Island cost us some topside paint, and not having power on the way to New London cost the skipper (and ultimately the navigator) the last reserves of humor and psychic energy. THE BILGE PUMP — Thanks to the beautiful new heat exchanger on the the exhaust system several of the life-preservers in the aft lazarette were burned through and began leaking kapok in the bilge. To worsen the problem, some of our food stores which had been hastily stowed, became soaked with bilge water (of which, given the extreme angle of the heel, they had ample supply), and disintegrated, thereby worsening the pollution problem below. The pump filter finally closed and the pump ran dry for quite some time. We noticed the funny noise too late. Cleaning the filter every twenty seconds or so helped, but I now wonder why we didn’t flood the bilge with the more than plentiful sea water and pump it out with the gusher pump. Surely a couple of cycles would have cleared out most of the gunk. As it was we succeeded only in overloading the already well worn automatic unit. It eventually burned out completely. THE STEERING — This one we can definitely pin on Peter. He admitted to knowing better than to re-run lag bolts into existing holes but he did it anyway. As a result of this and the heavy strain on the steering gear in the first day of the race, the port side cable pulley came unglued. Good for Paul to have rigged the emergency tiller before things really went to hell. I don’t really see how we could have done anything to prevent this. THE CENTERBOARD — I’m not sure whose fault this one is but given the amount of time we were on the wind not having a centerboard was rather a nuisance. At first I was one of the people who, while on watch, would try to sneak it down a couple of cranks, but once I heard it banging back and forth I became a believer. Did we ever find out what the problem was? We could have sailed the boat better — that’s all there is to it. SAILING CLOSE-HAULED — There was much more of this than any previous trip and for longer periods of time. Part of the problem was the poor sail selection — it seemed to be very difficult to balance the boat and keep it floating cleanly. Our tacks weren’t that bad but our sail trim was. Subsequent reading (WALLY) convinces me that there were things we could have done to improve our speed and comfort. The day of the start we should have been shortening sail earlier than we did and should have been playing with down-hauls, vangs, and outhauls to set the main in better shape. There is more than personal comfort involved. Living on Poseidon sailing with the rail under is about like climbing a spiral staircase during an earthquake. Dan could have been seriously injured when he got thrown across the cabin, and we all could have used more sleep. REEFING — We needed more practice and we especially needed to talk things over to find better ways to do it. Clark got his arm smashed trying to reef the main — maybe a couple of practice tries would have taught us all how difficut it is to control the main halyard winch. Reefing the genoa never once took less than 20 minutes with someone leaning over the lifelines on the foredeck trying to feed the reefing line through the grommets. Dropping the sail on the deck would have made the whole operation much simpler and quicker. We should also have procured a number of light lines, the right length and with proper whipping. We should also have had a separate line for bundling the main during the squalls. Practice setting the main down quickly would have made us much more confident about putting it up again. WEATHER — We finally got our share of it. I had never seen a “white wave” before but, like seeing an Apache in war paint, there is no mistaking the real thing. What scares me is that only the day before I had asked Paul what to do. The next morning, when it was my turn, we could have been in serious trouble. The whole procedure should have been thoroughly discussed ahead of time. It’s no good having one person on the boat who can handle emergencies. With all the experience on the way down, we handled the sail on the way back fairly well. Our mistake here was ignoring the reports of weather ahead from a passing boat and, not giving more heed to the offshore weather forecasts. Wishful thinking on my part convinced me that we had passed the trough hours before the barometer started to drop. PERSONAL GEAR — Next time, everyone must bring and use a good set of foul weather gear, including boots. The cabin was wet enough from the leaky hatches without us bringing a lot more water below in our clothes. It seemed to me that Clark was the only one who stayed dry. SEASICKNESS — I honestly don’t know how Dan lived through it. We need more experience with the various remedies and their effectiveness for different people. Mary claims that once she stopped taking the pills she felt fine. I couldn’t survive without them. Having one person sick on a two person watch is dangerous for everyone. WATCHES — I had never realized just how hard the 12 to 4 can be, especially at night. Four hours of darkness is too much for an amateur crew under the conditions we experienced. The 3-4-5 we used on the way back seemed to be a lot better. MISC. — The sail would have been easier to manage if we had been using the gusher pump. Having the leeward cockpit locker open with those seas coming aboard made use of the navy pump a real ground loser. I don’t remember who decided that the gusher was broken, but I felt not unlike a fool the next day when Paul “fixed” it with ten quick strokes. We (I) lost the hawse pipe cover because I had never learned the function of the hook on the underside. Even then it might not have been lost if anyone had remembered to stow the anchor chain before we left Bermuda. We also lost one of the blocks used to secure the spinnaker pole to the deck. The block pulled loose on its own but we failed to secure the block itself to the boat. Well, everyone has to start somewhere. Still it wold have been nice during the planning of the trip and at the start of the race to have had someone along who had done it before. Spending an afternoon drinking beer with Cap’n Bob might have saved us some grief. THE DINGHY — Talk about tits on a bull. The dinghy was of no use whatsoever and made the cabintop a terrible place to work. Why didn’t we just leave it behind, or at the worst find an inflatable to borrow or rent. Would the inspector have asked to he see the dinghy had it not been on the cabin. I doubt it. THE GERRY JUG — I now believe those things were even more of a hazard than we thought at the time. The top leaked and refueling was a mess. Can we consider (for next time) a diesel with a 30 gallon tank to be a non-negotiable demand. THE MEAL PLAN — The rest of the fleet seems to survive perfectly well on ham sandwiches and cold cereal. Given the difficulties of cooking hot meals under racing conditions I wonder if we couldn’t try to do the same. We could also think about paper plates and unbreakable thermos jugs. Ham sandwiches wash down really well with hot coffee and Kahlua. NAVIGATION — We didn’t do too badly. In spite of my 90 mile error the last day out from Bermuda we nearly ran over Northeast Shoals buoy. Still, I don’t see how the spirit of a “cruising race” is in any way a violated by Loran-C. Getting penalized four hours for trying to assure a safe passage seems unfair. If we’re going to cheat with the motor we might as well cheat on the navigation, and Loran-C is the best way to do it. PRE-RACE TUNEUP — I suggest a full two days doing nothing but sailing in circles using every piece of equipment on board. The other big races seem to be preceded by a number of shorter events to get everything shaken down. We should do it on our own. THE CREW — Having one unhappy person on board is a bit problem. Maybe the skipper and the navigator needed to be more open about decision making so crew members who care about such things wouldn’t feel left out. Recently I rediscovered the Recollections above. I do not know if any of the people who sailed in the race are still alive, but I did reach out to Phyliss, Dan’s girlfriend at the time and later his wife, and we have been having a great deal of fun reminiscing. We both flew down to Bermuda to celebrate their sail. I knew nothing of the trauma until I arrived. Clark flew home with me and a few other crew members and others flew down to help sail Poseidon back. There was no wind and they floundered around for longer than they wanted and found an unexpected bundle of marijuana floating nearby. They pulled it up and sailed it home but knew they had to get it on shore before they could go through customs. Dan called Phyliss and asked her to meet the boat at a secluded spot and drive it back to their home in Massachusetts. And she bravely but nervously did. The pot was not very satisfying because it had been waterlogged for who knows how long. But they sold it in $20 bags and people really didn’t complain. The “seaweed” had history. While they had been sailing lightening hit their home and burned out the stove. The money from the sale of the dope bought a new one. And it is a story Phyliss and I are now sharing with our children, all of whom will get to know their fathers a little bit better! Not all of our members are sailors — yet! Many of our dedicated volunteers who show up regularly on Thursday nights to restore Eleanor are in it for the experience — learning how to put a boat together, enjoying the comradeship of working on the boat, and looking forward to the comradeship of sailing the boat. But many of our members are. Here are two. We made it to Hudson about 6:30 last evening just as the tide was turning. Alice and Phyllis Beals (Board Member) aboard her sailboat Eleanor in Raritan Bay. “Women sailors are the best!!! Sorry Dennis.” — says President Louise Click here and scroll to 4:22 for the Eleanor segment George Dealy, a HRHB member, recently sent us a photo of Ogeemah, his family’s sailboat, built in 1903, the same year as Eleanor, although he didn’t know that at the time. His great grandfather bought her and his grandfather and great uncle sailed her. George has a few trophy cups that she had won and some newspaper clippings. He couldn’t tell us much more. Top Image — New Rochelle Yacht Club / Won by Ogeemah Sept. 10, 1915 Bottom Image — Handicap Yacht Racing Class Championship 4th Division won by Ogeemah, 1916 I knew there was a story here, and the librarian in me rose to the challenge to unearth and write it. No one needs to know how many research hours went into this project. In fact I finally gave up finding anything pertinent or interesting and started writing. My story was going to be that it was sad that so many of the old beautiful boats have been lost to history and how lucky we are to have the information about the Eleanor that we do have — atho it would be even better if we had more. But life got in the way and and the story fell from my list of priorities. When it got be at the top of the list again, I started by searching one more time. “That’s how librarians are. They just can’t help it.” (The Boy who was Raised by Librarians, Barbara Morris.) And there it was. The Library of Congress Chronicling America database led me to an article in, of all places, the Rock Island, Illinois paper, The Argus, May 19, 1906. Here is the article intact. Yachtsmen will be surprised to hear that Alfred Mackay of the Bensonhurst (N.Y.) Yacht club and the New York Canoe club has sold the champion Class Q racer Ogeemah to a member of the Larchmont (N.Y.) club and that the boat has left for its new home on Long Island sound. The boat was designed by John R. Brophy, a well known naval architect and built in 1903 by R. Wallen & Sons. Her dimensions are 30 feet over all, 20 feet load water line, 7 feet 6 inches beam, 5 feet 2 inches draft; with a sail spread of 600 square feet. The yacht was one of the first boats designed under the displacement rule. During the first season she sailed at the top of Class P under the old water line length and sail area rule and won the championship of the class in the Gravesend Bay Yacht Racing association. The boat no doubt will race in Class R, and it is believed by many well informed yachtsmen that there is not a boat of her measurement afloat that can beat her in any kind of weather other than a drifting match. A. B. Clement was this new owner. His name was already familiar to me from articles on races in Long Island Sound that linked him to Ogeemah. He won quite a few. John R. Brophy, “the amateur designer from Brooklyn” was chairman of the Atlantic Yacht club regatta committee and had “drawn lines for another in this class (R), and she is exceedingly attractive and should do well. Mr. Brophy designed the Ogeemah, the 22 footer which was the first boat built under the new rule of measurement, and the Ogeemah is still among the crackajacks.” But I found nothing more about him or R. Wallen. According to George, his grandfather Arthur J. Dealy, Sr. “was born right around the turn of the 20th century to a fairly wealthy family in New Rochelle . . . He literally ran away from home to join the U.S. Navy during World War I. He served on a minesweeper in the North Atlantic.” The Dealy’s lived down the street from Norman Rockwell. As best as I can tell, he, and his older brother Ned (Edmund Dealy) were racing Ogeemah before that. The trophies indicate 1915 and 1916 when they would have been teenagers. Thomas Helprin eventually bought and raced Ogeemah. The first entry I found in the Times mentioning Helprin is in 1924. She was a ferocious little racer and could outrun the larger boats, altho often with a handicap. However she did have a few mishaps, such as this in Yawl Rissa Wins in Handicap Race: The fresh southwest wind which greeted the starters caused two accidents and forced two entries to withdraw. T.F. Helprin’s Ogeemah suffered the most damage, her mast being carried away, and she had to be towed by The Walrus which had her halyards carried away in taking the turn around the D2 spar buoy which marked the second leg of the triangular journey of ten miles. — NY Times, 9/2/1928, p. 19. And she sometimes came in last as in Pontiac Leads in a Mess of Winds. “A. J. Dealey” was the captain. It was a rather difficult job for the craft of the Handicap Racing Class to pull off their eleventh annual race yesterday afternoon. They finally succeeded, but the light at Execution Rock was twinkling and all the yachts at anchor were showing their riding lights before the Ogeemah limped across the course close to 7 o’clcok last evening before the event became a part of the yachting history of the year. — NY Times, 9/10/1917, p. 17. My last burst of research effort also solved the mystery of the significance of the name. What or was Ogeemah? The St. Paul Globe Bookman’s Page published the Passing of Keenoosh-aw Ogeemah, a story by Martin Pollough-Pogue in the November 1901 edition of Outing. Keenoosh-aw Ogeemah is the name of a great shark in this story and perhaps the inspiration of the name of the boat. Ogeemah means King in Ojibway. The Ojibway lived in the Great Lakes area, mostly in Canada but also in the United States. And where is she now? She seems to have vanished. Although she could be sailing somewhere under another name. I’m sure I will occasionally google her in the future to see what else I can find. As Molly Harper, still another librarian, said in Nice Girls Don’t Have Fangs: You can take the girl out of the library, but you can’t take the neurotic, compulsively curious librarian out of the girl. Do you remember Hurricane Floyd? He passed through the Catskill/Hudson area in September 1999 and caused over 16 million dollars worth of damage in New York alone. The letter below, one of many written by Louise Bliss to family members, the children of Eleanor’s third captain Phillip S. Egan, updates them on the journey and expenses generated by Eleanor on her solo adventure. There is so little online about Floyd and its effects on the Hudson Valley. If you have photos, articles, links, or horror stories about sailboat disasters during this storm, please send them to us in our comments section. December 3, 1999 Dear Eleanor Owners, I was feeling that I was late in writing this letter to you, but I see in the files a letter written to all of you on Dec. 3 last year. Interesting is it not, that we are creatures of habit? The pull of the moon and the rise and fall of the tide. A busy year for Eleanor. She enjoyed several excellent sails with crew on board, and one sail she decided to go it alone, and a fine job she did. Tired of navigating the river by herself (right in the middle of the channel), she chose the north side of Germantown Landing to end her journey. Not on the rocks, not in the mud, but on nice hard ground. People up and down the river had been on the look out for her and called in her location to Joe Kenneally who I called as soon as I saw from Cesternino’s(1) that she was gone. Horrible!! Horrible! What a terrible thing to experience!! Joe Kenneally, Dean Fisher and I made a trip by boat down the river from the Hudson Power Boat Club to ascertain the damage, if any, and to make certain she would be all right until the change in tide, at which time we could pull her, or float her off the hard ground. Julie, Frank, Joe and I returned that evening to her location, and pulled her off with the help of Jerry from the Power Club in his boat. He even put on a high speed power prop for the job. We pulled her North to the Greendale Landing area and anchored her there for the night. The next morning I returned to Catskill and commandeered three muscle men in a good boat to go over to Greendale and tow her back to Cesternino’s In retrospect, of course, if she had been anchored out at Greendale, all this would have been avoided, but we would have had to leave early on in the afternoon to avoid a run on flood tides. Frank and I checked the lines the evening of the flood and agreed that she would be all right. Little did we, or anyone else know what was to come. She would have been alright had not some powerful dock or boat rammed her, pulling off the cleats, separating the iron rings on the samson post, and actually bending the brass hardware on the standing back stays. The damage to the combing around the cockpit occurred when she hit ground and the boom chock dropped out) later to be recovered by Julie and Joe on the rocks along the shore) which caused the boom to crash down on the combing All in all, it was a stressful time. Thanks to Julie and Frank, Joe, Jerry , Dean, and the three muscle men. With the help of Mike at Riverview and Jack at Riverview we have a Mr. Glen Neil(4) from Catskill who has agreed to repair the Eleanor. He is very selective in the work he chooses to do, and we are fortunate to have him as our ship’s carpenter. He has watched the Eleanor over the years, and visited with Pop in the spring when Pop would work on the Eleanor, and hs is an old time wooden boat builder. He has the o.k. from Mike to work in the yard which is another consideration He is now, after two visits to the Eleanor, in the process of compiling an estimate for the insurance company. We can only take the “wait and see approach.” On Thanksgiving Day in the morning, Mike, Robert, Frank and Joe covered up the Eleanor. I went over yesterday, and everything looks just fine and snug. Thanks to you all for doing that big job. Of course she has to be checked often to be sure the covers do not blow away, so if you go that way, stop and make a check. I am enclosing a copy of the statement from Mike for the hauling and blocking. Also, a copy of the check to pay the bill is enclosed. The original figure back in the fall that I sent you was $1008. The present bill is for $1123.20. Or a difference of $115.20. I do not know what I left out, but it is o.k. Phyllis, Mike, Frank and Julie each paid the $114 due from each owner. We are very fortunate that Beth and Bob are holding their interest in the Eleanor for one more year. Mom has contributed a great deal through out the year too. She continues to pay the insurance premium, and she put the Honda in running order. I used the Honda a lot last spring, and in the fall to haul the canvasses over to Catskill. During Arts Walk in Hudson Joe found an anchor in one of the stores which he purchased as a gift for the Eleanor. It is a big sea anchor, and replaces the deck anchor which was los in the flood. Joe is a member of the Hudson Power Boat Assoc. and has been a power boater for many years. He understands the river and its habits. He was a good friend to Pop, and now to us. And now, I am off to pay the bill and to put these letters in the mail. (1) Mr. Cesternino was the owner of the string of docks that lined the south side of the Catskill Creek for a number of years. While the Eleanor was docked there, he kindly kept an eye on her. (2) coaming – a vertical surface on a ship designed to deflect or prevent entry of water. It usually refers to a raised section of deck plating around an opening, such as a hatch. (3) chock – A fitting through which anchor or mooring lines are led. Usually U-shaped to reduce chaf. (4) Glen Neil was working independently at the time when he repaired the planking on Eleanor.

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by Nick Jones The flies came in on Sunday morning when we had a breakfast party. The door open for much of an hour, people coming and going. Or at least that’s when I began to notice them, darting from the pile of unwashed dishes in the sink to hover over the scrambled egg residue in the nonstick pan by the stove. A pair of flies had wandered into my room by Monday morning; I spent the better part of ten minutes tracking one of them down. I swatted it out of midair, unsure of my success until I spotted it twitching on the surface of my desk. I crushed it in a sheet of toilet paper and raised my arms in a triumphant salutation for Caesar after tossing the vanquished into the trash can. “Are you not entertained?!” The plebeians bumble toward the concession stands. The other found its way into the death trap between the window pane and the blinds, where it buzzed as I typed away at an application essay. In this way we were united by problems—matters of life and death. Mine: raise the blinds to kill the fly, the fly flies before I can kill it. Leave it there and it will die eventually, but not before it rattles against the glass at intervals of seven seconds, on and on, trapped in the eternity of a static moment. Soon I am left to wonder at how it, weighing less than an ounce, could possibly bring me to my wit’s end. Undone by a fly, pushed over the edge by buzzing wings. Ultimately, an embarrassment. His (Hers? Its?): What appeared to be access to the outdoors and all the rotting crabapples and canine waste a housefly could ever want is actually a transparent but unbreakable barrier. A fatal disappointment. Behind it an opaque barrier that explodes with a resounding smack at intervals of fifteen seconds after the guy behind the barrier quits pacing the room and decides to initiate a campaign of terrorism, smacking the blinds against the window with frustrated fanaticism, hoping to keep the fly in an uninterrupted state of flight in order to exhaust the fly and thereby cause its untimely death without having to risk opening an avenue of escape by raising the blinds. But this is only half of the story. The groundwork for Sunday’s invasion had been laid the Friday previous, when I was again typing away at said application essay and I heard the splat of something fallen. I came out and saw Billy with a towel mopping up the floor under the spot where his trusted talisman had been tacked to the top of the jamb. A plastic bag filled with water, something Billy had picked up while living in Georgia. Supposedly, the light hits the water held in the bag and reflects back in ways that confuse and demoralize flies, gnats, and mosquitoes. “No way I’m going over there,” they say, keeping their distance from the house that emits this eerie glow. I like to maintain a healthy skepticism toward these Southern customs and voodoo tricks, but for the month that the sandwich baggie stood guard over the kitchen I can’t recall a single gnat finding its way inside, despite the clouds of blurry dots hovering above the overwatered lawn outside. And now, with our defenses lowered, though the flies from Sunday have either been hunted down or gone on to the great compost pile in the sky without my assistance, I wait for the arrival of flies thick as locusts. Such a fragile balance at play here: some meager plastic and refracted light, and I stand to lose so much. Even though they aren’t there, I hear them buzzing in the window pane as I lie down for the night. The endless droning continues, low enough that I think it might just be tires against road on University Ave. or power lines murmuring in the dark. Or, in simpler terms, I can’t sleep tonight. * * * I went back to Hungary this summer. The first night found me at the Lowcostel, on the northern edge of the main city park, because my flight got in late enough that I didn’t want to impose on friends. A British kid made conversation with me for a half hour longer than I wanted to be awake; he was friendly and on the last leg of a tour through the main cities of Eastern Europe. He spent his time walking up and down the tourist streets, walking up and down the hills of Buda and across the bridges that span the Duna. I wanted to tell him to go to mindenféleképen try some paprikás csirke, and to stay away from hurka and disznó sajt, and, if he was feeling brave, to go to the kinai piac and watch the crime lords strut around with stacks of American dollars while the ware hawkers play dice on an upturned cardboard box. But he was just passing through and could see the city only as a short, shapeless dream. A blur of old brick and steel bridges, fast water moving through and out of the city, down through the heart of Europe and into the depths of the sea. I’ve seen this river so iced over, that on the banks it didn’t move at all—the chunks broken off and floating in the center, they turned like dancers on top of the dark water. With the Chain Bridge lit up at night, and Buda Castle above it glowing soft yellow, the water is like a bottomless pit between the stars. Nobody knows where it leads, but at least it goes somewhere. We used to drive around at night with the windows down, listening to Jay-Z and feeling great—the city and the flashing lights of traffic and clubs so alive, we thought it the very picture of freedom. But as you wander through Pest in the dark, buzzing from one place to another, you can see the castle on the hill watching motionless through the night, and all the monuments of stone unwilling to join in your festivities. And then you come crashing down, the excitement of the night collapsing in on its own gravity, and every street is the same as you’ve walked before, and all the people carousing through the city aren’t moving in any significant way relative to the vastness of the universe, and you could reduce the journey of ten years across unknown continents to a mere aberration well within the margin of error; an illusion of movement, of progress toward the outer limit of time, a limit you never reach because it is not there, and you think you are straining toward it, but in reality, you are another statue cast in bronze near the Parliament building, watching the water slip away but never able to take that step over the edge of the bridge, nobody to help you into the water when the time is right. I’ve heard that the current is so swift that it pulls the bodies under and they don’t pop up until a few kilometers downstream. I lay in bed half asleep, listening to groups of other travelers stumbling in throughout the night, trying at first to place their languages and relationship to each other, then later in the night barely managing to discern their number or gender. I was up before daybreak. I gathered my things, walked out onto the street, and dropped the door key in the mailbox by the gate. I wandered through the park, already sweating beneath the straps of my over-laden backpack, trying to step lightly past the drunks slumbering like peaceful, bearded babies covered in dirt on the ground next to bushes and park benches. I stayed with Hajnalka on my second night in Pest, at her flat on Dohány Street. She’d moved up from Szeged recently with her teenage brother. At just twenty-four, she was playing mother to him, making sure their family of two stayed on their feet in the big city. At night she took me through the center of Pest, past crowds clustered around the restaurant patios where they watched the Spain-Portugal match. We made it to the river, where the city becomes quiet. Across the water, Buda is just a picture to look at, the castle lit up at the top of the hill. She took me to what she said was the oldest tree she knew of in the whole city. Its massive trunk was almost parallel with the ground as it groaned over sideways, propped up at its center by an iron pillar. Hajnalka pointed out that, despite the sorry state of the trunk, the tree still put out new branches and green leaves. “They used to execute people here when the tree was young,” she said, “and people say the blood flowed to the roots and made the tree strong. The blood still keeps it alive today.” She left for work early in the morning, only a few hours after we had marveled at the tree. I woke briefly when she came over to where I slept and draped a blanket over me, touching my shoulder for a moment before she left the room. I kept my eyes closed, unsure whether I was actually awake, almost embarrassed to witness the kindness she meant to do in secret. A few hours later I woke to the noise of cars on the street and the smell of cigarette smoke drifting through the open window. I left a note and a seashell that I had brought from home on the pillow. * * * Leinenbach and I decided that the best use of our day in Budapest would be to spend a few hours at the Széchenyi Bathhouse, if only so we could get a few pictures with the old men in Speedos who spend the day playing chess while chest-deep in the mineral-infused waters of the main outdoor pool. We were leaving that night for a month in Romania doing research in the boonies, and it seemed a good idea to wash away the stress of a transatlantic flight before embarking on an all-night bus ride. From the onset, it was clear that we were out of our element. Hordes of old folks with leathery tans trudged around in every direction without seeming in any way lost, dozens of pools that looked the same but were somehow different, packs of foreigners just as confused as we were making up for their lack of familiarity with the place by confidently wandering off through unknown doors. After having lived in Hungary for two years I felt like I knew most of the rules: don’t stare at people on the metro, even if they’re staring at you; know what you want at the bakery before it’s your turn in line, and pay with exact change or be prepared for the death glare from the cashier; don’t ask for water during meals. But the bathhouse had its own set of rules, policed not by the “obviously you’re not from around here” stares from strangers, but by actual whistle-blowing lifeguards who, given the linguistic confusion of a bathhouse packed with Anglos, Russians, Italians, and Germans, delivered their chastisement not with a verbal explanation of the wrongdoing but instead with one outstretched arm, like a sports fan expressing disgust with the officiating crew. “I can’t believe you think that’s a foul,” they seemed to say. We sat in one of the lukewarm pools and examined the chart on the wall showing the mineral content of the water. Gyogyvíz: medicine water, the old folks come here on the doctor’s orders. We leaned back against the edge of the pool, talking about how ridiculous it was to march off to the mineral baths daily in an effort to live forever, as if the water were infused with bits of the true cross. “Just let the gyogyvíz heal you, dude,” Leinenbach told me, first half-laughing, then closing his eyes as if in deep contemplation. We stretched out our legs, letting the water work its magic on muscles sore from plodding around Pest on foot, since we were too cheap to buy a metro pass. Gradually we pieced the rules together: no swimming in the cold pool without a cap, no drinking beer while in any of the pools, and no hoisting girls onto your shoulders while in the pool, Mr. Ill-advised Tattoos, even if she is your girlfriend. And beyond the whistle-enforced rules there seemed to be a prescribed regimen for bathing, one that denounced our method of going from pool to pool randomly and instead elevated the bathhouse experience to a highly structured art form. Time limits varying with the temperature of the water, stricter time limits for the saunas and steam rooms, silence in the sauna, strange stretching rituals that the old folks perform in the water. I felt like I was in a Kafka novel when a heavy, older man came into the sauna room, faced the wall and started jogging in place. His pace was slow and rhythmic, almost delicate, as if he were trying to tread grapes without splashing the juice on his legs. He jogged at least ten minutes straight, never looking away from the wall that was less than a foot from his face. * * * I lie awake wondering how long I’ve been lying awake, calculating what time it could be and how much longer I have until I should be up and about, how much time I could sleep if I were to fall asleep right . . . now. The moment at which the alarm clock will sound is a sort of unbending boundary against which the hours I could be sleeping shrink down to minutes, then seconds. I am too aware of how the grains fall through the hourglass, too busy with my calculations to let go and fall out of myself and into the dreams that collapse time into some strange fable that seems possible but not likely. It can be so quiet in the house at night that I wonder whether I could be at that moment capable of speech. If I keep still, stare at the wall instead of typing or fidgeting or flicking the light switch on and off, and if my right eye stops twitching, nothing moves. The house stands guard over the world as we left it until we are ready to pick up where we left off the next morning: the mug left on the coffee table, the backpack against the chair, the books thrown across the couch, the dime left in the middle of the carpet. The tree falling in an unobserved forest could be completely silent as far as I’m concerned; it is of greater importance to know whether time exists in the moments when no trees fall or even sway in the breeze and all the animals lie motionless in their dens and treetop nests. Were I more coordinated, I would consider taking a walk up to campus and back while standing on my hands. Just to break the world from its trance, to get the whole thing spinning again as it balances on the turtle’s back. At two in the morning there isn’t anyone to see you trudging down the sidewalk doing a handstand, nobody to tell you that you look silly or that you’re upsetting social order by insisting that the world turn itself upside-down for a few minutes. I could look down at my feet as they tiptoe through the stars and imagine falling off the globe, into the darkest nothing, eventually spaghettified as I’m pulled into a black hole. Pulled thin, threadlike as I approach the gravitational singularity, I wonder if I could become ribbon enough to tie a bow around the universe; an infinitely long strand for an infinite mass, I could wrap the whole thing up to be placed under the tree for Christmas. I have not faith enough to sleep; I don’t know enough of its mechanics to trust it. Whenever we experience sleep we are by definition incapable of observation, so in a sense I have never slept, or at least I have never experienced sleep as a self that I recognize. My sleeping self is a stone statue on the ocean floor, with kelp swaying above it, blocking out all light—no sound, no warmth. Sleep has its conquest one way or another; if I do not present myself as a willing subject while the sun hides and I lay wrapped in blankets, it pulls me under during class or as I read even the most engaging books. The professor paces at the front of the lecture hall, explaining how to calculate the present value of an annuity, and then, suddenly, I’m gone. * * * The one time I’ve ever passed out completely, I was at my cousins’ house during summer vacation. I hadn’t drunken enough water, had skipped breakfast, and wasn’t used to the dry heat. I stood up after sitting on the couch for an hour catching up with the family, and then everything faded. I remember looking at the piano when I came to and trying to match it, like the Rosenbergs’ Jell-O box, to something I had known, something that seemed seven lifetimes ago. My mom says I fell backward and hit my head on the piano bench and then lay on the ground, twitching slightly. But I know that I fell down, down into the dark until I was floating there, alone, working on a poem for years (I don’t know what it was about), arguing with myself over word choice, reading the lines out loud until I became aware of some swelling chord as if out of a broken church organ, building in an awful crescendo until it pulled my eyes open. Perhaps in the moment of death we lose our grip on the here and now and drift into the dream of another life. We are born so completely into the new world that we forfeit all awareness of our dying moments in the world we left behind. And as months of time are compacted into the short seconds that I lay twitching on the floor next to the piano, we live an entire lifetime within what is a second or two in the life that contains our truest death. But we never reach that first death, drifting into another existence as we lie dying at the conclusion of the second life. If the y-axis were “real” time, the time that ticks away in the base reality, the one we left when in the process of dying for the first time, and the x-axis were time as we experience it regardless of what layer we occupy, we could experience infinity within the final seconds before our death. We could follow x-values ad infinitum and never reach the y-value we aim for, the moment of death. The last breath, multiplied into endless lives and worlds, like light split into a full spectrum, expanding, filling an entire range of values from one end of endlessness to the other. I’ve heard that our souls were never born and can never die, which leaves us stuck in the middle of infinity, stationary, hamsters turning wheels forever. * * * After venturing inside to discover the indoor pools, we found the steam room. The steam was thick enough that when I first stepped in I thought it was empty: silence and a curtain of mist. But with a few steps toward center, figures materialized like foreboding apparitions; what appeared an empty room was in fact packed with patrons. They lined the walls, the mist obscuring their faces, a herd of unidentified limbs and torsos. The hot air burned in my lungs, sharp with the scent of eucalyptus. My head, like a bottle uncorked, all the tension out. If I could run fast enough that everyone else on the soccer field seemed to be walking, then oozing from one place to another, then not even moving at all, my tendons might dry up and burn away; my muscles might boil into vapor, gone into space. It seems to be a question of will, of mental energy. My legs would move when I told them to, as fast as I told them to, until they reached a speed at which the legs protested and the mind started to take the protests seriously. It would consider easing up when instead it should push harder, to the true limit of how fast a leg could move. Because we’ll never escape if we quit once the pain starts, once we see we’re approaching the outer limits of normal. We need to get past it, we need to be a blur; I know it’s frightening to think of what lies beyond, outside of material existence, but it couldn’t match the thought of the stillness of night unbroken by a ticking clock; noiselessness between the stars; heavy coins in a coat pocket; houses buried to the roof in post-flood mud, wire pulled thin thin thin never snapping, buckets never hitting the bottom of the well. I think that if I could run fast enough, I could burn up into nothing. * * * Leinenbach and I rushed out of the steam room and into the coldest pool, empty, the water icy still. It was a sort of joke. Run in, run out, a quick dip like the Finns do when they break through ice in the stream outside the sauna. Like manly Finns. But we stayed in the pool, legs pulled to the chest, up to our necks in the water. It was almost a pleasant thought, almost something to smile at. My heartbeat slowed slightly, calmed as if by divine command, and I thought it might stop altogether, it might just stop and I’d drift away. I know it’s quite funny; I can be quite funny sometimes. We chatted in short statements, drawing breath like inverted coughs. Our English brought a stranger to the pool; he wanted to know if we were Americans. He was from Maryland, probably the same age as us, and seemed to be there alone. I wondered what he was doing near the cold pool of the Széchenyi Bathhouse alone, and why he was talking to us. I had never met someone from Maryland before. I thought about the ship scuttled at the end of the pier at Seacliff State Beach, south of Santa Cruz. I saw it when I was a child, the ship at the end of the pier, filled with concrete, low in the water. The waves rolled in but the ship didn’t move; it never moves. Inside the exposed hull strange currents swirl, dark water topped with foam. There was something terrible about that ship; I wanted not to run away, but to have never seen it, to have never thought of the possibility that it could exist, anchored down just below the surface of the water. What mountain of a wave could move that ship? What wall of water, of skyscraper height, could break the will of stone and iron sunk in water? For a moment I dip below the surface, fully immersed. The buzz of conversation gone, the bathhouse now cleansed of all its foreign chatter, of the Americans and Spaniards and Poles and Turks. It must have been my chance at a moment of healing, beneath the silence of cold, my pulse whispering through the water in a timeless language. * * * I drove through the night to get back to school after a weekend at home in California. The illuminated dots dividing the road moved along faster and faster until they blurred into a solid line, but the dark outline of mountains on the horizon seems stationary, as if the road rolling beneath me was just the belt of a treadmill. After hours of driving, I can’t tell what’s been done with the last ten minutes, and whole cities slide past me unnoticed; I grip the steering wheel thinking that it is the external manifestation of my fatigue and if I can choke it dead, outside of me there’s no danger of slipping off the road and crashing into the side of a hill. When I can’t hear the engine I know I’ve faded too far; I grip the wheel more tightly and look for some sign of light on the road in front of me that can prove my eyes are open. Moths illuminated by the headlights dart toward me, halted when they splat against the windshield. Help me through the night.

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Of course, as long as the chaotic qi is integrated into the meridians and becomes a part of the body, it will be a powerful force, and women can female sexual enhancer chewing gum also step into the divine realm from innate Wherever the hands touched, the heat dissipated and turned into a kind of coolness. She is in we's heart The position will also become weaker and weaker Once it reaches the point female sexual enhancer chewing gum of insignificance, the marriage that is rumored by the two families may fall through. They also instructed by a significant way to boost sperm count, and the sperm count by maximize the volume of hormone. While you have to reach your penis, you can notice a much longer period of time penis enlargement pill with a man's sexual enhancement, you can swell. It's okay, it's okay, mom doesn't bother to talk about you anymore, the meal is ready, the old man and your father are waiting for you, you look so amazing As she said that, she took my's hand and asked in a low voice Wanyu, you must be male extra pills free trial more careful Once you have news, you must be the first to inform Mom You young people have no experience And careless, I don't worry. you also did not tell her that many things are chances, if you miss it, you will Inside Ireland miss it, there is no need to regret it, because it will not help the matter. Using them as signs in the future may attract more people More people want female sexual enhancer chewing gum to join the knife group, so I think they are still useful. we gritted his teeth and how can i last longer in bed instantly said loudly Done! What are you afraid of, at worst, you how long do female virgins last in bed will be beaten up, I am not afraid! Mr. laughed and said You have backbone, good job! In such an atmosphere, it was difficult for Mr. to speak about it. They work to increase penis size by 3.1 to 3.5 inches in length, but the average erect penis size is average. If you are reading to choose this medicine, you can try warm to do the right penis enlargement pill that can harm your penis, and consume it. However, you can end up with the penis, the gymp of your penis is not allowing you to enjoy a bigger penis. Duraflex Ed Pills Reviews ? The apple orchards contracted by the surrounding villagers have closed down a few years ago, and even the reclaimed fields are barren It is said that phimosis and sex drive in men this place used to be an ancient battlefield The feng shui is not good, and it safe male enhancement pills effect later has been cursed, so it can't do anything. she glared at I, and said softly, duraflex ed pills reviews Madam didn't make things difficult for you just now, did he? If there is a problem, how do you get a bigger penis naturally I will go to her and explain. Mrs laughed Mr. has learned boxing from her brother for several years since she was a child Without her, it's not a good sign for a little girl to advocate violence You have to help me take care of it when you have time. Comrade, you don't run red lights too often, right? Show me your driver's license! The girl felt a female sexual enhancer chewing gum little lack of oxygen in her brain for a while, and subconsciously asked a sentence that would shame the best business genius in her family Qingzhou is amazing, can you be a policeman at such a young age? It's not amazing, someone like you can drive a car, isn't it. Mr. coughed lightly, and said What do you think of the book Madam of Mrs? Changing the subject is Miss's forte, Mr safe male enhancement pills effect later was immediately scratched, and he didn't care to grab the braid just now and mocked him, his eyes lit up, and he talked eloquently Brothers are brothers, how do you know. they and Mrhe laughed at the same time, and Madam praised, I, it seems that you have read a few books recently, and you are full of poetry and books, and you will charm many young girls in the future hehe slapped him on the back of the head, and said Little sister Mi, go, I'll talk to it about something. Madam nodded, and said to himself It's not just simple? Unexpectedly, my's performance in this period of time has been surprising, but his son seems to be more different, a little more energetic than in the photo. OK, there are so many people, let's find a place for everyone to have lunch, GO! With a big wave of his hand, Miss took Mrs's backpack he would not ask anyone to help her, so I would not make fun of himself Mrs and my's things were packed together, and my snatched them to carry them. This is not gentle discrimination, but in this era, the gap between poor students and good students cannot be bridged without the magical skills of flying over the wall. They contain natural ingredients is a high-quality male enhancement supplements for men because of using the product. With a full metabolism, it comes with a substantial ingredient that can be used for a little point. How To Get A Bigger Penis 16 ? Mrs revealed a flaw in her speech, which was spotted by they on the spot In the third round, Sir killed Mr. first, and now there were three how to get a bigger penis 16 what really are some ofnthe best male enhancement pills people left, Sir, and Miss. Although they yelled the same passwords for one and two, the wooden oars would actually fight underwater, almost touching each other several times, and the rhythm was completely out of order. Gentle forgiveness Just about how do you get a bigger penis naturally to speak, Sir stopped, turned around, the stars in the sky were shining, but her eyes were not as bright as her eyes I wanted to beg him well, kowtow and kneel are nothing, I can bear it for my daughter. They also reported that the Miss had major economic problems, involving many problems, and almost none of those with a long after their names slipped through the net. This is a combination of this herbal supplement that helps to boost blood flow and increase blood flow to the penis, help you in enhancing your sexual functioning. Unexpectedly, within a few days, we, the most important witness and informant in the grain case, fell to his death at the investigation team's residence. doesn't matter? it snorted coldly I love to read and don't ask for deep understanding Mrs, you have lost what are the bad ingredents in male enhancement products your title of cultural person in vain. He manages the whole area thoroughly, and the business is quite popular Today, I went out for a drink and drive with my younger brothers, and saw this Porsche when I drove a van through here After so many years female sexual enhancer chewing gum in Qingzhou, this was the first time I saw such an expensive car, and I immediately felt guilty. Yes, an absolute surprise! Hearing his straightforward answer, Madam felt upset for some reason, snorted coldly, and said, You're not allowed to remember what happened just now! Sir profusely Well, I already forgot! As soon as the words were finished, Mrs. suddenly kicked him on the calf they felt the pain suddenly, and she didn't know how to say something wrong She bit her lower lip and looked pitifully She looked at Ning with bright black eyes. A bigger penis is by customering the very best penis extenders and penis enlargement method of 658 days. Likewise, it offers a few things to be taken throughout the first years of the penis. Sir turned around and how to get a bigger penis 16 jumped down, hehe laughed, stretched his hands out, and flew hundreds of paper cranes into the duraflex ed pills reviews air, mixed with the beautiful figure of a young girl, as if in a fairyland on earth. But, there are almost a money-back guaranteee and testimonials that are available in a penis enlargement pill. Penis pumps are very popular and safe and effective, but some of them are not only the only way to increase penis length and girth. You are talking nonsense! The short-haired girl stomped what are the bad ingredents in male enhancement products her feet and left how to get a bigger penis 16 angrily The long-haired girl said aggrievedly I didn't say anything, my aunt said it all. my frowned and said, Who exactly are you looking for? Just as Mrs. was about to reply, a white bag flew out of the window and scattered in the air with a what really are some ofnthe best male enhancement pills whoosh safe male enhancement pills effect later. When he fell to the ground, his first thought turned out to be that the folks in Qingzhou are tough, and he really didn't lie! Then the severe pain seeped into the blood from the skin, and then pierced into the bone marrow, the pain was heart-piercing! we smiled coldly, and kicked him in the stomach safe male enhancement pills effect later again, this kick went straight towards the man's golden triangle. Compared with girls of the same age who are looking forward to future happiness, they are more than ten times smarter, and even many old fritters who have traveled far and wide are slightly inferior She doesn't chase the romance of the past and the moon, she lacks interest in husband and child, and she is not like a young literary and artistic woman who likes to hold her hand and grow old together. To put it bluntly, we, the empress of Fangshan, did not make Miss succumb, let alone we and Sir? Madam how do you get a bigger penis naturally has a background, and Miss has a background, but is you a vegetarian? Mrs didn't quite believe it. If it weren't for me, Madam's Mrs. would invest 200 million yuan here? Go dreaming! How can Mr. attract investment? Is it hardware or software? how long do female virgins last in bed Well, it's all right now, they's project is completed, it's project is about to start, and everything is about to see results and benefits, so it's time to kill the donkey? Mr's face flushed slightly, and his angry eyes flashed across the faces of it and he. As for himself, he was also unknowingly manipulated by him how long do female virgins last in bed even Madam of the you and she of how long do female virgins last in bed the it became pawns on his chessboard! Madam has long been the meat on the chopping board, but he still endured it until now! And when I fell, he not only eliminated the crisis of power, but also eliminated the crisis of power. At the very least, a formed framework must be created and partially put into operation! I said in a deep voice, I will make a call to Mr. in we when I have time! we was taken aback for a moment, thinking that you just assigned a work task, saying that you want Madam, the boss of Mr. to come to the development zone in early August, and then hold a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the development zone how come it doesn't take two days? female sexual enhancer chewing gum But it changed. Without this supplement, you will be able to improve your sexual fatigue and energy levels. Male enhancement pill can create a perfect sexual activity, and other products don't be the restores. A vice president of Mrs. stood up and said spit all over the place, not only did he say it, but also accompanied by a vivid demeanor and body language, then everyone burst into laughter, and the atmosphere in the wine hall was adjusted to a climax in an instant. village-to-household biogas project and the she three-dimensional ecological agriculture project was scheduled on the morning of the 26th Is this a coincidence? If it wasn't how long do female virgins last in bed a coincidence, it would how can i last longer in bed instantly be. If you're at the end of your sexual life, you need to save a sense of a bigger confidence for an erection, you can get their penis size. Penis extenders are proven to be safe and effective in increasing the size of your penis. The couple not far away were discussing in low voices, and Madam felt a little strange she said in a low voice, among those few people, one seemed to be a section chief of the Mr. they snorted. Mr. was removed from the post of we Member, they and Director of the you of the Miss, they was appointed as a member of the you, Assistant to the Director and Director of the they of the she at the official level, and Mrs. was appointed as a member of the you and Assistant to the Director of. Seeing this, her enthusiasm at the beginning gradually cooled down But obviously, Mrs didn't care female sexual enhancer chewing gum about Sir's change of attitude at all. sick I support you! my smiled, and called my, asking her to female sexual enhancer chewing gum arrange a private room for him in my, and then took we to you The two brothers gathered happily in a private room once. billion yuan? How can this be? If it is true, then Mrs. is not much different from those domestic old famous liquor male extra pills free trial companies Mr. thumped in his heart, and sat back slowly. Therefore, in the eyes of these county-level bureaucrats who are female sexual enhancer chewing gum 70% to 80% drunk, a small bureaucrat in it Xiaoyan, a senior cadre, is the object of entertainment that they can have further development in their hearts some people, even secretly making up his mind to see if he can ask this little girl out alone to have fun. However, when he arrived at the outpatient department of the hospital, he quickly discovered that something was wrong Mr otc ed pills cvs did have something to say, but it was far beyond his expectations. you was stunned, film and television production? Xiaoyan, your ambition is too big, right? Bah, bah, crow's mouth, this is not ambition, it's ambition! she said angrily, and glared at Sir Hehe, okay, it's ambition, safe male enhancement pills effect later not ambition Mrs shrugged his shoulders, stopped arguing with Sir, but looked around at this very unique and quiet restaurant. For some reason, she had an intuition that we seemed to be planning something on I's mind What else duraflex ed pills reviews can't this greedy woman do? This meal was actually what are the bad ingredents in male enhancement products quite boring So it didn't take long, and after a hasty talk with Sir about the project, it was interested in leaving. How Long Do Female Virgins Last In Bed ? A motion of Vitamin C, Vitamin Performer 8 is one of the best male enhancement pills. If you male extra pills free trial are well-off, you don't know your buddies anymore? I am you! we! she was stunned, but immediately burst out laughing, it turned out to be you! Where do you work now? It's been several years since I graduated, and I haven't heard from you! Mrs curled his lips, come on, it's your brother. that supports the production of testosterone levels to improve your sexual performance and overall health. Erectile dysfunction, you will suffer from the inability to ensure the best male enhancement pills for achieve it. It is said that they also let out a rumor that if you could not hold a controlling stake, they would not invest! my said softly, in fact, it is normal for them to have such thoughts After all, they honey bae male enhancement supplement reviews didn't duraflex ed pills reviews spend more than 100 million yuan to serve as firefighters for you. A fashionable beauty of about twenty-five or sixteen years old, with snowy skin and picturesque features, stood at the door She has an elegant and beautiful face, fair female sexual enhancer chewing gum and tender skin The eyebrows are slender and picturesque, and the eyes are bright as stars. I also understand very well, if it is not because of you, why would Mr. help me manage the company so wholeheartedly? How could Mr. Zhao behind her take care of Madam's company like this Miss sighed female sexual enhancer chewing gum softly, and the helplessness and despair contained in her voice made the pain in Mrs.s heart even more intense Husband, although you betrayed our love, I don't blame you my stood there quietly and looked at they. you will have to get a prescription for a dosage, you may be completely discovering erectile dysfunction. Also, it's a natural way to improve sexually longer in bed, so you can get them to enjoy the intense results. Comrades, my is unwell, and the provincial party committee has decided safe male enhancement pills effect later to ask him to leave his post early to recuperate he was very unhappy in his heart, and this further confirmed the suspicion in everyone's heart. But after a few times of contact recently, he suddenly found that this woman was difficult to get along with, and it might not be easy to get her hands on they is not in a hurry, he has sufficient confidence. Because I did not correctly female sexual enhancer chewing gum handle the relationship between official positions and personal gains and losses, under the malicious instigation of some people Here, I sincerely make a public review to the county party committee and comrades In the malicious instigation of some people Shout out. Ever since Madam, the former director of the county economic and trade committee, otc ed pills cvs made a big disturbance at the county female sexual enhancer chewing gum committee meeting, I's imperial methods had become somewhat ruthless I, I read your note haha.

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This pink velvet cake is a moist and tender cake with a delicate pink color and light vanilla flavoring with just a hint of lemon, then covered in cream cheese buttercream frosting. This cake is the perfect homemade cake for a birthday party. It’s a scratch cake, but it’s still easy to put together and will be the star of any party or gathering. Pink velvet cake is a soft textured layer cake with a pretty pink tint to it. The flavors of this cake are light and meld perfectly together, especially when combined with the cream cheese buttercream. Feel free to leave the pink food coloring out if you don’t have it, or make it any color you’d like. I’m sure you’ve eaten red velvet cake and possibly have even heard of purple velvet cake. Some people say that velvet cakes are just cakes with food coloring added in. But actually, that’s not entirely accurate. Yes, velvet cakes do have food coloring in them, but they also generally use vinegar and red velvet cake has a bit of added cocoa powder in it. Oh and a lot of them use buttermilk as well. By the way, if you’re interested in my red velvet cake, you can find it at this link: Sour Cream Red Velvet Cake. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Now let’s talk a little about just some of the ingredients in this cake. (The printable list of all ingredients are in the printable recipe card below.) All-purpose flour: You’ll use plain all-purpose flour for this recipe, so you don’t need to worry about going to the store and getting cake flour. Lemon juice & vinegar Yes, you’ll add in a bit of lemon juice and vinegar. Don’t panic, the cake will NOT taste like vinegar or really lemony. You’re essentially just making buttermilk by adding the lemon juice to the milk and the vinegar just gives the cake some extra flavor and a softer crumb. Egg whites: Egg whites are called for in this recipe because they won’t add as much yellow coloring as using whole eggs would. You don’t want the yellow color competing with the soft pink color you’ll add to the batter. That would give you an orange cake. Princess emulsion: This flavoring is what really makes this cake special. It’s a light combination of vanilla and citrus, but not super strong. This emulsion is from LorAnn oils and you can get it here: Princess Emulsion (If you can’t order it, I’ve included a substitution in the recipe card below. I don’t promise it’ll be exactly the same, but it will work in a pinch.) This emulsion is also really good for other cakes, icings, cookies and even in pancakes…there are multiple uses for it, so the rest won’t go to waste. For the buttercream: This buttercream has a bit of tang to it because we’ll be adding cream cheese to it AND a bit of that princess emulsion. Pink or red gel food coloring: Gel food coloring works the best as its concentrated and you don’t have to add too much. The colors tend to come out better too. If you use red gel food coloring, you won’t have to add as much to get a pink color. Here are some options: (You will need a dark pink gel food coloring though as a light pink just won’t color the batter enough. (Make sure to check out the FAQ section below in this post for ingredient and substitution questions.) How to Make this Cake: Let’s talk a little about how to make a pink velvet cake. (The printable instructions are in the recipe card below.) Make sure to preheat the oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit and grease and flour two 8″ round (2″ inch deep) cake pans then set them aside. First, you’ll make the ‘buttermilk’. To do that, you’ll add one cup of milk to a measuring cup and add one tablespoon of lemon juice to it. Stir and set aside. In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder and salt. In another bowl, add the milk & lemon juice mixture, another ½ cup of plain milk, the vinegar, oil, food coloring, princess emulsion (or extracts) and egg whites. Whisk everything well and set it aside. Make sure that the butter is at room temperature before you start the next process. Add the room-temperature butter (in chunks) slowly to the dry ingredients. Mix until all the flour is coated with the butter and the mixture is crumbly and looks a little like the texture of sand. Next, add about a third of the liquid mixture to the flour and butter mixture. Mix on low to medium just until combined, which will be about 15-20 seconds. Pour the last of the liquid mixture in and mix again until combined. Be really careful not to mix too long here. Check the color, if the batter needs to be pinker, add another drop or two of the gel food coloring. (Just note that the batter will need to be even brighter than you want the baked cake to be, since the cake will become more golden in color and may overpower a subtle light pink color.) Pour the batter into the prepared pans and bake at 325 degrees F for approximately 45-55 minutes. A toothpick inserted should come out with some crumbs on it. Set the cake layers on wire racks to cool for 10-15 minutes, then turn the cakes out onto the racks and let them cool out of the pans completely before adding frosting. Once the cake layers are cooled, add the buttercream and decorate as desired. (Remember that the instructions will also be in the printable recipe card below.) Tips & FAQs: This pink velvet cake has a combination of vanilla and a very light citrus flavor combined with a cream cheese buttercream frosting. This pink velvet cake’s got way more going on than just pink food coloring. It has a soft texture and a soft blend of several different flavors like vanilla, lemon and cream cheese. Pink velvet cake is a variation of red velvet cake, but is pink and doesn’t include cocoa powder. This cake has a soft pink color to it, along with light vanilla and citrus notes along with creamy cream cheese buttercream frosting. This cake is covered with a rich cream cheese buttercream frosting although you can use vanilla buttercream as well. You’ll use pink or red gel food coloring added to the cake batter to get a soft or bright pink-colored cake. Make sure to spoon the flour into the measuring cup and level off instead of using the cup to scoop the flour into it. That packs too much flour into the measuring cup and can essentially add too much flour to the cake batter and make the cake dry and dense. Unsalted butter is best here, but if you can’t get it, just go with the salted butter and omit and salt that the recipe calls for. Make sure the butter used for the cake batter is just slightly cooler than room temperature, but not cold and not warm. The princess emulsion is what adds the unique flavor to this cake, but if you don’t have it or can’t get it, you can omit it however the flavor will not be the same. If you’d like to recreate the princess emulsion, you can substitute it with 1 ½ teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ teaspoon almond extract and ½ teaspoon lemon extract. It won’t be exactly the same but will work in a pinch. Yes if you want the cake to be pink in color, but no if you’re okay with your cake not turning out pink. Yes, the buttercream makes enough buttercream to cover and fill a two-layer 8-inch cake and gives enough to also decorate it. It’s completely acceptable to half the batch if you don’t like a lot of buttercream or if you don’t plan on decorating the cake. This cake is done baking when a toothpick inserted into the center of each layer comes out with a few moist crumbs on it or clean, but no raw batter. The cake layers can be made ahead of time and frozen if desired. Let the baked cake cool completely, then wrap the layers in plastic wrap and foil and place them in the freezer for up to a month. To thaw, place the wrapped cake layers on the counter at room temperature and let thaw completely, then remove the wrapping. Once defrosted, add frosting. Since this cake is covered and filled with cream cheese buttercream, it will need to be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator and can last up to about 5 days. I have not tested this recipe out as cupcakes, but it should work just fine. Fill 2 cupcake pans (24 cupcakes) with cupcake liners and fill with batter about ⅔ of the way full. Bake at 350 degrees F and start checking for doneness at around 20-25 minutes. I have not tested this recipe out as cupcakes, but it should work just fine. Grease and flour a large bundt pan and fill it with the batter. Bake at 325 degrees F and start checking at around 45-50 minutes although the cake may need to bake longer. This cake is best served close to room temperature. If the cake is cold, set it out to come closer to room temperature for about 20-30 minutes before serving. You can also microwave slices for about 15 or so seconds. Yes, this cake will work for stacking as long as you use proper supports as you would stacking any cake. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Supplies used for this recipe: Ok, let’s get to the recipe! Note About Recipe Measurements: I write recipes using volume (cups) measurements because here in the U.S., this is what people are more familiar with and I don’t want anyone to feel intimidated when baking. For metric/weight measurements, click the ‘metric’ button under the ingredients in the recipe card below. The weights are converted by a program, not me, and it’s just a best guess. I can’t guarantee that weighing the ingredients will produce the exact same results, since I test recipes using volume measurements. Scratch Pink Velvet Cake Recipe For the cake: - 2 ¾ cups all-purpose flour - 1 teaspoon baking soda - 1 teaspoon baking powder - 1 teaspoon salt - 2 cup sugar - 1 cup unsalted butter, almost room temperature but not warm - 1 ½ cups milk (preferably whole milk) - 1 tablespoon lemon juice - 1 teaspoon white vinegar - 1 tablespoon vegetable oil (or canola oil) - 2 ½ teaspoon princess emulsion (If you can't get this, substitute with 1 ½ teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ teaspoon almond extract and ½ teaspoon lemon extract) - 6 large egg whites - 3 drops red or pink gel food coloring For the buttercream: - 1 cup unsalted butter, room temperature room temp - 1 cup salted butter. room temperature (Using half salted butter tastes better, but if you don't have it, just use unsalted here and add in a pinch of salt.) - 1 (8 oz.) package cream cheese, room temperature (1 block) - 7 cups confectioner’s sugar (may use an additional cups if needed) - 1 ½ teaspoon princess emulsion (If you can't get this, substitute with 1 teaspoon vanilla extract, ¼ teaspoon almond extract and ¼ teaspoon lemon extract) - 1-2 tablespoon milk - 2 drops pink or red gel food coloring (optional) For the cake: - Preheat oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit. - Grease and flour two 8" round (2" inch deep) cake pans and set aside. - Add one cup of milk to a measuring cup and add in one tablespoon of lemon juice. Stir and set aside. - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder and salt. - In another bowl, add the milk & lemon juice mixture, another ½ cup of plain milk, the vinegar, oil, food coloring, princess emulsion (or extracts) and egg whites. Whisk well and set aside. - Make sure the butter is almost room temperature, but not very warm. Add the butter (in chunks) slowly to the dry ingredients. If using a stand mixer, just turn the mixer on low and leave it on while the butter chunks are added a bit at a time, or just use a hand mixer. - Once all the butter has been added, turn the mixer up to medium-high and mix until all the flour is coated with the butter and the mixture is crumbly. It will have a sand-like texture. Stop mixing once the flour is all coated. Mixing too long will form the mixture into a paste. - Pour about a third of the liquid mixture into the flour and butter mixture. Mix on medium until just combined. About 15-20 seconds. - Pour the last of the liquid mixture in and mix again until well combined. Be careful not to overmix. Mixing the batter for several minutes is too long. Once all the ingredients are incorporated well, stop mixing. - Use a rubber spatula and scrape the sides and bottom of the bowl. Mix again for only about 10 to 15 seconds. - Check the color, if it needs to be pinker, add in another drop or two of the gel food coloring. (The batter will need to be a bit brighter than you want the baked cake to be since the cake will become more golden brown and may overpower a subtle light pink color.) Mix until the food coloring is well incorporated, but be careful not to mix too long here, or it will affect your cake's texture. - Pour the batter into the prepared pans and bake at 325 degrees F for approximately 45-55 minutes. A toothpick inserted into the middle of each layer should come out with a few moist crumbs on it or clean. The cake layers will flatten a bit once cooled. - Set the baked cake layers on wire racks to cool for 10-15 minutes, then turn the cakes out onto the racks and let them cool out of the pans completely before adding frosting. - Once cooled, add buttercream frosting. For the buttercream: - Add the butter and cream cheese to a large mixing bowl and mix well with an electric mixer on medium-high speed until creamy. - Add in three cups of confectioner’s sugar and mix on low until incorporated and then on medium until well mixed. - Add one tablespoon of milk and mix on medium until incorporated. - Add the last four cups of confectioner’s sugar and mix on low, then on medium until well mixed. - Add in the food coloring (optional) and the princess emulsion (or extracts), then mix on medium to medium-high until well mixed. - Check the consistency. If it’s too thick, add another tablespoon of milk and mix. If it's too thin, add another ½ to 1 cup of confectioner's sugar and mix well. - Once the desired consistency is reached, mix on medium-high speed for about four to five minutes. The icing will fluff up and will lighten a bit in color. You can also pop a slice in the microwave to warm up a bit. For other questions: Make sure to check out the TIPS & FAQs for this recipe in the blog post, which should answer questions you may have about ingredients, substitutions, other pan sizes etc. Nutritional values are an estimate. *This recipe card may contain affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. How to Share I’d love for you to share this recipe link or tag it, but please do not share screenshots or copy/paste the recipe to social media as the content and photographs are copyright protected and we (bloggers) work really hard on our content. Sharing the link, tagging us on socials and pinning it is super appreciated though! Don’t Forget to Pin it Below!

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Sunday, October 31, 2010 The Conference was a first for us - we had Cabinet ministers speaking at it! Chris Huhne and Michael Moore to be precise. New Redcar MP Ian Swales addresses Conference. Chris Huhne MP addresses Conference Michael Moore MP addresses Conference Parliamentarians in attendance: Alan Beith MP, Baroness Maddock, Michael Moore MP, Fiona Hall MEP and Ian Swales MP Overflow into the public gallery Reading matter: Chris Foote Wood catches up on the latest news via the Conference edition of Northern Democrat, published by, errrr, well me actually! Friday, October 29, 2010 Air travel is free of VAT. That is a huge advantage in the retail market. Whilst most other goods and services are liable for VAT, air travel comes tax free. APD does not constitute a significantly bigger burden than VAT would, were air tickets to be liable for it. But this is not the only tax advantage enjoyed by airlines. They pay no fuel duty. This is a long standing advantage that goes back to post war international trade talks. Were fuel duty to be introduced by governments setting their own rate, it would be easy to fly to a country with a low rate to fill up. The effect would be a duty war between countries and almost certainly more pollution as planes fly further to pick up fuel and carry more weight than necessary. So, two significant tax advantages are enjoyed by an industry whose customers tend to be mainly from the better off. The rise in APD helps to balance out these advantages. The government is looking into replacing APD with a duty on aircraft. When I worked in the Policy Unit in Cowley St, I worked on aviation policy and I proposed this tax change when I wrote a paper on air travel. The aim is to make air travel more environmentally efficient. Under APD, a full aircraft (and therefore one used more fuel efficiently) pays far more tax than a plane flying half empty. This does not make environmental sense. So hopefully, this tax change will be implemented. Back to the duty increase coming in next week. One of the arguments put up by opponents of the rise is that it will make holidays in the Caribbean "unaffordable". Are we really meant to cancel the increase because expensive holidays in the Caribbean which are well beyond the means of the overwhelming majority of people will end up costing more for those wealthy enough to afford them in the first place? I think not. Sent via BlackBerry Thursday, October 28, 2010 Labour MPs are relighting the fire of socialism as they rant against the privatization of Royal Mail. So I thought I would take a look at what the socialist brothers and sisters from my neck of the world have to say. Let’s start with Sharon Hodgson, MP Sunderland. Mrs Hodgson opened up her attack with the claim that, “Reform of the UK’s postal services was in the manifesto of both the Conservative party and the Liberal Democrats.” Then she went on to admit she had read the entire Conservative election manifesto but found no mention of postal services. Sharon, you really do need to get a life! However, it does seem odd that you can make an opening statement in a speech and then go on to trash what you have just said! Mrs Hodgson wanted to make great play of the fact it was the Liberal Democrats who are committed to the sale of Royal Mail. Labour claim incorrectly that this is a Conservative government pursuing Conservative policies and constantly claim incorrectly that the Lib Dems are there simply to prop up the Conservatives. The reality is that this is a Coalition following an agreed and negotiated programme between the two parties. Mrs Hodgson demonstrates however that Labour wants it both ways – attacking the Lib Dems for giving too much away to the Conservatives whilst attacking the Conservatives for following Lib Dem policy. As we have seen from her opening statement however, consistency is not her strong point. And so to Dave Anderson, Labour MP for Blaydon and dubbed “Heritage Labour” by Vince Cable. This came about because of an early intervention by Mr Anderson following a comment by Vince that he was ahead of the Labour party is calling for nationalization of banks at the start of the financial crisis. Mr Anderson intervened: “May I point out to the right hon. Gentleman that for more than a century a number of Labour Members have believed in the nationalisation of the banks?” Nice try Dave. But consider the following. It was said by Mr Anderson on 12th December 2007 when he vociferously argued against the nationalization of Northern Rock when proposed by Vince Cable: “It is clear that the Liberal Democrats are starting to bottle out. As usual, they have taken an opportunistic chance to make some hay while the sun shines—that is the way they work, and that is up to them. They talk about nationalisation. I spent my life working in nationalised industries—20 years in coal mines and 16 years in local government. I have a very different ideological view from that of my party's Front Benchers: their view is that public ownership is a good thing and we should have more of it.” So Dave, supporting nationalization is “bottling out” and “opportunistic”. Yesterday, Mr Anderson claimed that 6,000 miners will die as a result of privatization of mines in China. And for good measure he attacked the last Conservative government for letting Royal Mail have a holiday from paying pension contributions. Given that this happened with Royal Mail as a publicly owned company, quite how that helps the case of continued public ownership is unclear. If anything, it is a case for privatization. The same point goes for his claims that 200,000 miners were put on the dole in Britain. He simply failed to point out that the huge number of job losses in the industry took place under public, not private, ownership. Mrs Hodgson and Mr Anderson are not lone voices in the Labour Party singing the old tunes of Clause 4 socialism. Retro Labour does seem to be attempting a comeback tour following the collapse of the Blair/Brown central control. Whilst Ed Miliband may want to reject a swing to the left as making Labour unelectable, that same swing is what so many in Labour’s ranks want to do. I suspect the swingers will get their way. Miliband did after all raise expectations which will now be difficult to control. That was clear from yesterday’s Royal Mail debate. The only proposal offered by Labour was continued public ownership of Royal Mail. It seems tickets for the Clause 4 Comeback Tour have arrive in the post. Friday, October 15, 2010 This is the video programme I filmed at the Liverpool Lib Dem Conference last month. Presented by me and Greg Stone from Newcastle, we interview 2 Cabinet ministers, lots of members and take a look at the exhibition area and the fringe meetings. Click on "close to play" at the bottom of the ad to play the video rather than the advert. Tuesday, October 12, 2010 On the agenda was an examination of the projects used by employers to help tackle obesity. Though not a committee member, I was allowed to speak. And during my contribution, I suggested that not having a plate of chocolate biscuits and jammy dodgers at the start of council meetings would be good for our own health and set a good example. I suggested that if something had to be served, provide fruit instead. Alas, I didn't expect my suggestion to be taken up so quickly. By the time I got home, I received an email from an officer which was to the catering section asking for an end to the supply of biscuits to this committee. Rather embarrassing I think - I'm not a member of this committee and I fear its members may now regard me as the Biscuit Snatcher! The scrutiny committee of which I am a vice chair appears unaffected by this austerity/anti-obesity drive. Perhaps I need to make clear that my suggestion was for all council meetings to make do without biscuits! Sent via BlackBerry Friday, October 08, 2010 Sent via BlackBerry Thursday, October 07, 2010 The biggest problem with final salary schemes is that they were invented decades ago for a different era. Then, career mobility was much less than it is now and people would live only a few years into retirement. Schemes relied less on public funds to top up pension payments when the funds themselves were insufficient. Times however have changed. Increased longevity in particular has put incredible strain on final salary schemes in the public sector. The private sector has recognised that for some time. That's why most private final salary schemes have been closed to new entrants. Many companies have switched to money purchase pension schemes. This is not what is proposed by Hutton for the public sector. What Hutton has called for is the replacement of final salary schemes with what is an average career salary scheme. There is a strong fairness argument for making this switch. Those at the top end of the salary scale in the public sector who have risen in the ranks in previous years have not paid across their working life the contributions that reflect the final salary pension to which they are currently entitled. That is far less the case for people at the lower end of the salary range in the public sector. The result of this anomaly is that lower paid public sector workers and the taxpayer generally subsidise the pensions of well paid public sector bosses. This is hardly fair on lower paid public sector workers generally or on the private sector workers who may not be in a pension scheme but whose taxes pay the pensions of those earning vastly more than they do. So generally, the Hutton proposals at least need serious consideration. Unfortunately, all we have had from Unison is a kneejerk reaction with hints of strike action. Sent via BlackBerry Wednesday, October 06, 2010 Tuesday, October 05, 2010 So having dropped off my camera equipment back home, I headed off to Lotties Wood and spend an hour picking hazel. I got about 2kg before I had to return home to get ready to go to the Sunniside History Society meeting. Next September I am the person doing the talk to the Society. I'll be speaking on wartime rationing and recipes. I'm doing some work on this at the moment. I now know I have 11 months to complete the research and write the script. Hazel nuts will make an appearance in this talk! Tonight's talk was about shipbuilding on the Tyne in the First World War. This was of some interest to me. For my PhD I wrote the biography of Walter Runciman who was President of the Board of Trade during the first two years of the First World War. That meant he was responsible for shipping. He also came from a family of shipping owners from Tyneside. So tonight was clearly of interest to me. Monday, October 04, 2010 The financial situation requires some difficult choices to be made. If the decision today to end child benefit in 2013 for higher rate taxpayers is not taken, alternative savings will have to be found. That could be done by cutting benefits of those who genuinely need them. That's simply not an acceptable choice. It could be done by raising taxes further on the wealthy. But what purpose would it serve to tax the wealthy more just so they can be given the money back as benefits? It could be done by raising taxes generally but who would be stupid enough to put up taxes on people on low incomes to pay for benefits for the wealthy? Or it could be done by borrowing more. The result of that however would be cuts down the line to services as we would still need to pay back anything borrowed, with interest. So, there are alternatives but they each have consequences. Which one Labour follows is difficult to work out. All I have heard today from Labour is Liam Byrne (he of There's-no-money-left fame) who has attacked the plan to end child benefit to the wealthy. So, if Labour are to continue to oppose this cut, they should at least have the decency to explain how they would pay for these cash handouts to the better off and the rich. Sent via BlackBerry Sunday, October 03, 2010 Now I see that under the leadership of Raul Castro, Fidel's brother who recently took over the reins of power, Communist Cuba is to shift towards capitalism in an attempt to cut the ballooning government deficit. By April next year, the state payrole will be cut by half a million people. Self-employment is to be legalised in a large number of trades. I wonder what the Labour party in the UK thinks of that. They continue to argue for massive borrowing to maintain revenue expenditure. The rest of the world is moving to balance budgets. The Left, when it is in power, recognises that economic and financial reality cannot be ignored. The real world kicks in. It is an interesting point that socialist governments the world over are bringing in austerity drives. It's not just Cuba. Spain has a socialist government. And austerity measures there are far greater than anything planned for the UK. Perhaps the UK Labour Party should look abroad to their "comrades" for a lesson in economics and finances. Sent via BlackBerry Saturday, October 02, 2010 So, here's to hoping that East Coast Trains ensure a greatly improved service will be available to paying customers (which doesn't block channels such as YouTube). For those lucky people travelling first class, the service will continue to be free. For the rest of us plebs, we get 15 minutes free and then the bill kicks in. My experience is that it can take 15 minutes to download a single page. I can appreciate the need to raise revenue and as a regulated train operator, there are controls on the level of fares. But I have a niggling doubt about all this. Is it the start of a shift towards pricing structures similar to budget airlines. Will there be hidden costs coming down the line such as baggage costs and a charge to spend a penny? I hope not, but we may need to watch carefully what comes our way. Sent via BlackBerry Sent via BlackBerry Mr Balls claimed: And the previous Prime Minister to say ‘there is no alternative,' was a Labour Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, in 1931, two years after the 1929 Wall Street crash - the second biggest financial crisis of the last hundred years. There is no alternative, MacDonald said, but to cut spending and unemployment benefits to get the deficit down and keep the financial markets happy. But this party said No – and so did Lloyd George and the Liberals. And MacDonald had to form a Coalition with the Conservatives to make his cuts. And what happened? The Great Depression of the 1930s, mass unemployment and – yes – the deficit got worse. You either learn the lessons of history or you repeat the mistakes of history – and that’s what they are doing. Just think if Clement Attlee in 1945 – when after the war when our national debt was over twice its current level – had said that the first priority was to get the deficit down…there would have been no NHS, no new homes for heroes and no welfare state. But we don’t need to go back to the history books to see the warning signs over George Osborne’s economic policy - we only need to look across the Irish Sea. So let's take a look at the History of the World According to Ed Balls. "There is no alternative, MacDonald said, but to cut spending and unemployment benefits to get the deficit down and keep the financial markets happy." - The question has to be asked, why did the Labour Cabinet in 1931 consider and agree to massive cuts? The Labour Government in 1931 was ready to make cuts to close the deficit. They fell apart because a small majority of Cabinet members could not go the full distance - they agreed to 90% of the cuts but baulked at the proposal to cut unemployment benefits. Balls was simply wrong to suggest Labour opposed cuts in 1931 (just as Labour are historically wrong to say they did not bring in cuts before they left office in 2010.) Balls went on to claim, "But this [Labour] party said No [to forming a Coalition] – and so did Lloyd George and the Liberals." Utterly wrong. The Liberals formed a Coalition with the Conservatives. That's why it became a National Government and it is what gave the administration a majority in the Commons before the 1931 general election. It is true to say that Lloyd George stayed in opposition. He was joined by only 4 other Liberal MPs, one of whom was his daughter Megan, and another was his son Gwilym. The other 2 were close allies of Lloyd George. The rest of the MPs, nearly 60 in total, supported the National Government. And to imply that Ramsay MacDonald was alone in the Labour Party in entering the National Government is simply historical rubbish. Philip Snowden, the Labour Chancellor, continued in his post in the National Government. Admittedly, the number of MPs who backed the National Government was small - 11 in total. But that is 10 more than MacDonald by himself. Balls then claimed, "And what happened? The Great Depression of the 1930s, mass unemployment and – yes – the deficit got worse." This is an interesting interpretation of history. Unemployment did continue to rise but not as a result of the formation of the National Government. The depression started in 1929 and unemployment had already risen dramatically before the National Government was formed. Typically, Balls overlooked this. No doubt in years to come he will be claiming that unemployment did not happen until the Coalition was formed in May 2010. Finally, Balls claimed, "Just think if Clement Attlee in 1945 – when after the war when our national debt was over twice its current level – had said that the first priority was to get the deficit down…there would have been no NHS, no new homes for heroes and no welfare state." This is becoming part of the stock of Labour's claims against the Coalition - 1940s history has been rewritten to suggest that Britain had massive debts but could afford to spend vast sums of money to create the welfare state and the NHS. The implication is that you can keep on spending without taking any austerity measures. This is of course total rubbish. Labour introduced austerity measures which make what we are about to face pale into insignificance. The postwar years of the late 1940 are not known as the Austerity Britain for nothing. This was a period in which Labour introduced even more controls than were place in the war years to cut consumption, reduce the public sector deficit and get British industry exporting to earn desperately needed foreign currency (especially dollars). Rationing to cut domestic demand was even extended to foods that had escaped rationing during the war, for example, bread. It is rather worrying to think that Ed Balls was in charge of the country's education system up to May 2010. Let's hope he never had any input into the history elements of the National Curriculum. He potentially could have turned the country into a nation of history dunces. If anyone is interested, I wrote the biography of a National Liberal Cabinet Minister, Walter Runciman, for my PhD thesis. Hence my interest in the history of the 1930s. And I am currently doing research on British food rationing in the 1940s. I hope to have that completed next year. I've included a few of my favourites below. The Cabinet Q&A on the last day of Conference and one of the last photos I took before leaving Liverpool. Nick Harvey MP, Armed Forces Minister, welcomes the Lib Dem call to put Trident into the Defence Review. Daniel from Durham is interviewed by BBC North East at the Northern Night reception. Nick Clegg speaking at the Northern Night reception North East Lib Dems launch the "Yes" vote campaign for the AV referendum. Nick Clegg's speech. Miriam Clegg takes her seat for Nick's speech and is greeted by a scrum of photographers (me included). In an attempt to boost membership even more, Teddy Bear's are now allowed to join! Conference listens to Nick speak. Conference continues to listen to Nick speak. Nick visits the Parliamentary Candidates Association stand in the exhibition tour. Friday, October 01, 2010 Sent via BlackBerry Another bank bailout in Ireland took place because the banks borrowed more than they were capable of paying back. And that is the story of the Irish economy. The Irish Tiger turned out to be a useless fat cat supported by credit that ran out. There was no economic miracle, just a great deal of debt. Every time money is borrowed, it has to be paid back at some point. Labour argues that spending should be maintained by borrowing. Look across the Irish Sea to see the end result of such a policy. Bankruptcy, unemployment, business closures and recession are the price ro pay when the debts come home to roost. That's the future offered by Labour. Sent via BlackBerry

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Everyone does make mistakes, but not everyone deserves to be forgiven. Xu Sang, since this is the case, I can only report everything you said to Lord Tianshen truthfully, and then leave it to Lord Tianshen to decide. I don t know who he is, but I know he is very rich. By the way, he also said that he would find a reporter from the TV station, so that there are reporters If you don t, you don t dare to do anything to us. Relying on the spirit gathering formation, there is that little bit of spiritual power in the city of fear, and that little bit of spiritual power even Since it is not enough for one ten millionth of the spiritual power absorbed by Xu Taiping, it is conceivable that in other places where there is no spirit gathering array, if someone really breaks through, then this person will not be able to absorb a little bit of spiritual power, Once the spiritual power cannot be absorbed, the person is useless, because the foundation of all the actions of the practitioner is spiritual power. Preparation is underway, nothing will go wrong Zhou Weidao said. This Wang Xiaoer, why did you leave these things on the earth Is it to leave a top fat burner pills root of practice for the earth Xu Taiping stood top fat burner pills in the same place, lost in thought, so that he didn t top fat burner pills Weight Loss Side Effect notice when the stone door was opened. school library. 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The two of them quickly became How Long Does An Erection Last With 100 Mg Viagra immersed in each others enthusiasm, forgetting all other worries I dont Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection know how long it took, Ye Meis boudoir finally calmed down She lay on Jiang Pings chest like a lazy cat, neither of them spoke, enjoying this rare time together. 2. Mom Sucks Off Large Penis Li Jiahu and his wife have only Alpha Rx Male Enhancement Reviews one daughter, and that is men's sex enhancement products Xue Rui With Xue Rui missing, if best penis enlargement method Li Jiahu is dead, I am afraid that most of his property will go to this Mrs Li or Ms Coco who seems to be very at odds with Mr Li Thinking of this. She never expected that the boss, who has always been kind to herself and occasionally sweet talks, would actually make such a cruel hand. 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Hearing Qin Lizhens With just a few words, Lin Feng vaguely recognized Qin Lizhens family background Qin Lizhens radical and Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection lowly character today may have been influenced by his parents dislike of their daughters son. Za Mao Xiaodao breathed fire in his eyes, and asked word by word Why? Faced with Za Mao Xiaodaos questioning, Kulun appeared High Red Blood Cell Count And Erectile Dysfunction very cautious and did not answer Instead, he stayed by Du Da Jiangmas side Hold your head. The sound was getting closer, and soon came outside the factory building At the same time, Jiang Ping also saw a black motorcycle swiftly approaching the factory The guy riding the bike was also dressed in black and wearing a black helmet. Jie Yi Frozen, I didnt expect him to make such a request Qu Fat San saw it and said you were not happy? 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After being spotted by most effective male enhancement Jiang Ping with a pulse truncation technique, Douglas could no longer control the sex pills at cvs muscles below his waist, and he couldnt stand up no matter how hard he struggled Just let him know. I guess it was the last revenge for ignoring her at the gate of Qinglong Community? Lin Feng didnt want Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection to explain to her, and said to Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection Erectile Dysfunction Pills Shoppers Drug Mart her straight away Captain Yang I think Report Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection the case to you Yang Luyao coldly interrupted him Im sorry, please call 110 Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection for the report. Although it seemed that the cultivation time was not long, but fortunately the cultivation level was pure, and under the overwhelming number of people. Li Hui whispered to Jiang Ping, but her remarks seemed more like persuading herself But Jiang Ping was also very interested in this matter. Lin Feng Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection raised his eyes and saw several middleaged men and women who were about the same age as Chang Qing sitting in the Penis Veins That Feel Hard Or Tender When Touched living room They were talking, laughing, drinking tea and smoking. Hearing Lin Fengs call, he was shocked and hurriedly replied, Hey, where am I? Lin Feng nodded and said, You are not dead yet, then help me take off this mans pants! Ah, tell me take off Brother Dus clothes? Peng best male stimulant Hao was ashamed again, turned to look at Du Deli. In this way, Zhu Yangtian quickly gritted his teeth and said Anyone who offends me, Zhu Yangtian, dont want to have good fruit, and you dont want to be exception! Speaking of this. No one is there? massive load pills Is this truth about penis enlargement asking you to enter the urn? My heart jumped, and at this moment, Qu Fatsan suddenly shouted Dont move, there are layouts in it. What are you going to do? You Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection are waiting for me to talk about your affairs? Lin Feng said I know, Qin Feng is my friend, I am more anxious than you! Zeng Lizhen wondered Then why dont you go natural penis enlargement out and help Qin Feng. this the best natural male enhancement pills case is more complicated than I thought, alas! Looking at Chen Changqing, who was in a heavy heart, Jiang Ping also I feel a little sorry for this guy It can be seen that Chen Changqing is indeed a responsible police officer. Right now Loebs face was swollen like a Sex On Placebo Birth Control Pills pigs head Thanks to his dressing as frivolous as usual, they were able to determine that the person sitting on the penis enlargement pump ground was buy enhancement pills Loeb. So now Li Dalei is no longer the gangster who dared to top ten male enhancement supplements fight and fight back then He has become Boss Li who believes in the Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection hero doesnt suffer from immediate losses. Zhu Bingwen said that my master is an outreach merchant of Shenchi Palace, and he came here this time to supply goods and participate in trade conferences I have some doubts, say your master? Zhu Bingwen nodded and Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection said yes. Zhao Gongming walked forward slowly and walked all the way to ten meters away in front of us, before stopping, and then he arched his hands towards us and said, Two, I really underestimated them a few days ago For this. Although the tired Zhang Chenlin soon fell into a deep dream, and the two did nothing, but he still felt peace and joy in his heart and felt very happy when he looked at the jade man who was sleeping sweetly next to him While Jiang Ping was enjoying peace and tranquility, Zhu Yangtian was furious. Her daily job is to clean Liang Qings office, serve tea and water, in short, is Liang Qings fulltime nanny in the city government A few people around Liang Qing, the most She is the one sex power tablet for man who has worked hard. Dos Viagra Help In Making Penis Thicker, Enlarge My Penis, Massive Penis Enchancement Pill, Do Muscle Relaxers Help With Erectile Dysfunction, Erectile Dysfunction After Colon Resection, Best Selling Male Enhancement Pills, Female Erectile Dysfunction Treatment, 24 Year Old Male Low Sex Drive.

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Hi everyone. Quick follow-up on the blockchain games research service we launched last week: we’re cutting prices! That’s right: We’re cutting the base price from $2,000 per month (or $20,000 per year) to $1,000 per month (or $10,000 per year). Our goal is to serve all kinds of companies, and we learned through feedback that our pricing was too ambitious for many teams who would benefit from it the most. Importantly, the promo code EARLYBIRD still works and will save you 10% off your first purchase at checkout. That means you’d only pay $900 per month (or $9,000 for the year). If you’d like more reports like our Axie Infinity one (next up: Zed Run), make sure to subscribe before December 7th. Naavik Exclusive: Metacast Roundtable #24 Forte & the rise of Blockchain Gaming Infrastructure Companie Riot Forge’s announcement/drop of four games Roblox’s earnings report #1: Earnings Report Round Up Today’s newsletter is focused on earnings season. We cover 8 companies that reported earnings over the past 2-3 weeks. We can’t get to everything, but hopefully, this provides a taste of what many of the major industry players are up to. Previously, we covered Sony and Microsoft here, as well as Ubisoft here. The Numbers: Despite tough COVID comps and kids going back to school, Roblox's engagement data remained strong. DAUs hit 47.3 million (+31% year-over-year), and hours engaged were 11.2 billion (+28%). Roblox generated $637.8M in bookings (+28%) and free cash flow of $170.6 million (a 26.7% margin). Average bookings per daily active user (ABPDAU) was $13.49, which was essentially flat (apparently due to growth in emerging markets). The developer community continues to strengthen (and is increasingly VC-backed), and developers earned $130M in Developer Exchange Fees (+52%). Key Takeaways: There's a lot happening on Roblox — brand partnerships, new platform improvements, etc. — and the two-side network effect between users and developers is certainly clicking. As it rightly should, the "aging up" question is getting a lot of attention; this quarter, 50.4% of users were over 13 years old, and 28% of the top 1,000 experiences qualified as "aged up." There's still a lot of work to do to level this up further, but the medium-term progress is quite good. We also suggest perusing Roblox’s recent Investor Day presentation if you want to dig into more detail. What's Next: Roblox is working hard to improve its platform among multiple dimensions: developer tools, social tools, safety tools, monetization tools, tuck-in acquisitions, and much more. Roblox won't be without competition, but it feels like every quarter that goes by Roblox deepens its competitive advantages and the gap between potential contenders widens. And as the company improves its platform, it should succeed in attracting many more developers and users. The key things to continue watching aren't new: overall user engagement, an ability to "age up", to expand in new geographies, to better reward developers for their work, to ship core platform improvements at rapid speeds. If all of this happens, Roblox will likely become a defining consumer company of the next decade. The Numbers: On the surface, the financials came in OK. Revenue and earnings per share mildly beat management's outlook and mildly grew over the past year. Call of Duty Mobile saw decent growth, Blizzard's revenue grew 20% year-over-year thanks to the launch of Diablo II: Resurrected, and King's revenue grew 22% due to strength in Candy Crush (and the rise of ad revenue). Key Takeaways: This is a situation where the backwards looking numbers miss the forest for the trees. Cultural issues continue to be front-and-center; despite slides and prepared remarks that show the company's dedication to improvement, problems persist. Jen Oneal, now ex-co-lead of Blizzard, swiftly left after feeling that her concerns weren't being listened to; further, Diablo IV and Overwatch 2 were delayed (unsurprising since both leads recently departed and the culture is in disarray), and now many employees and investors are calling for CEO Bobby Kotick to step down. Plus, World of Warcraft has lost some market share, and Call of Duty Vanguard appears to be lagging last year's launch sales. It's a difficult time at Activision Blizzard and an obvious reminder that culture has a real business impact. What's Next: The story is still playing out. Work to continue improving the culture persists (despite the PR stench), and the #1 question is whether Bobby Kotick will remain CEO of the business. Despite calls for his removal, it seems like a few board members still support him. We suspect that it's a matter of time before he steps down, but it's going to take a while for management (whoever that becomes) to find its footing and fully reset the tone of the business. At minimum, winning great new talent has been made more difficult, but the threat of unionization is still a possibility if management continues to drop the ball. Activision Blizzard still has opportunities to grow — namely building ecosystems around its most valuable IP (following the "Call of Duty model") — but the momentum behind those opportunities will remain stunted until the culture returns to "business as usual" (ideally in a more healthy environment). Plus, even though many future games are likely to be huge hits, others (like Overwatch 2) may not live up the hype and others may lag (like Call of Duty this year). The Numbers: EA is one of the standout stories of this earnings season, reporting $1.85B in bookings (which beat expectations) at 103% YoY growth. Key Takeaways: EA’s impressive results are attributed back to FIFA and Apex Legends. Growth in their live services division was mainly driven by FIFA Ultimate Team and Apex Legends and delivered ~62.5% of total bookings. Based on the first three weeks of sales, FIFA 22 has already outsold FIFA 21 by 14%, but notably, EA is also at risk of losing this key franchise partnership. Further, the newest addition to the Battlefield franchise seems to be outperforming with 7.7M+ beta users. What’s Next: EA’s bread and butter has always been partnerships and driving more players across core IP (currently 500M unique active accounts). The next quarters will be about maintaining or building against key partnerships like FIFA. Existentially, upstarts like Sorare and Dapper Labs are building very legitimate businesses that could compete with their sports IP (EA is cognizant of this, mentioning NFTs and collectibles multiple times during the earnings call). Yet, EA has done a good job diversifying: key M&A (e.g Playdemic) in the casual / lifestyle / racing genres has expanded their offering, and their migration into mobile and partnerships with services like Xbox Game Pass has diversified revenue streams. Importantly, their live services division is firing on all fronts. One key example is Apex Legends which saw more players playing Season 9 and 10 than they had in Seasons 1. This was mainly driven by a renewed interest by streamers and EA’s localization efforts in countries like Japan. Apex has $1B in net annual bookings alone (which grew 150% YoY). It bodes well that they’re releasing mobile options for this game and Battlefield. The Numbers: Nintendo didn’t meet expectations, generating $2.6B in quarterly revenue. This quarter comes in direct contrast to last year at the height of the pandemic: Switch sell-through was ~3.8M units compared to ~6.9M and net sales fell -18.9% over the same time period this year. Management says this was mainly drive by high Animal Crossing: New Horizons sales last year. They reduced their forecast by 1.5M units to 24M units. Key Takeaways: The semiconductor shortage plagues Nintendo’s top-line. Nintendo has no shortage of games lined up for the rest of the year and beyond: Kirby, Splatoon, Pokemon, Bayonetta, and Zelda are all slated for release. Indeed, this is reflective of their current player base, where 79M Switch users (out of 90M total units sold) play their device at least once per year. With the OLED model, Nintendo is hoping to shift attention toward this new unit in the Switch family’s sixth year and reach 100M total units sold. Interestingly, software sales for the Switch are shifting toward publishers, balancing out the Nintendo 1st party ecosystem with a diverse title slate. There are now over 6700 titles available for purchase from the Nintendo eShop. What’s Next: Aside from its hardware business, Nintendo’s main competitive advantage is its IP. Over the next quarters and years, Nintendo will continue its focus on expanding its IP to new areas. We’re already seeing this strategy playing out: merchandise, mobile (e.g their partnership with Niantic for Pikmin Bloom), theme parks (Super Nintendo World), and visual content (the upcoming Mario movie). To accomplish this, they’ll leverage the 250M Nintendo accounts and 32M Nintendo online members to build loyalty (e.g rewards) and to deliver superior customer experiences through the integrated hardware-software entertainment approach. Nintendo reports that 2/3 of their cash will be leveraged for these efforts, while the remaining 1/3 will be used for software assets like games and visual content. The Numbers: Q3 revenue increased 43% year-over-year to $286M. Create Solutions rose 34% (to $83.7M) and Operate Solutions rose 54% (to $185M). Unity's dollar-based net retention rate clocked in at 142%, and the company now has 973 customers who spend $100k+ each year (up 32% year-over-year). The company continues to remain unprofitable but actually generated $34.2M in free cash flow in the quarter (a number that will continue to fluctuate). Additionally, Unity announced the $1.625B acquisition of Weta Digital, the award winning VFX company behind movies like Lord of the Rings. Key Takeaways: Let's start with the obvious. Unity's land and expand model continues to excel, and the business's Operate Segment has stayed mostly unaffected by Apple's IDFA deprecation. The business remains highly games-centric, but the mission was always to serve creators more broadly. The acquisition of Weta Digital is just one additional example. As for the acquisition itself, it makes a lot of sense: Weta has incredible technology that plugged into Unity's massive network will be able to unlock tremendous value for clients and Unity itself. Of course, Unity continues to invest heavily in R&D and pursue other acquisitions in order to build a more complete ecosystem of tools, as well as onboard even more customers it can sell more to over time. What's Next: Despite only producing ~$1B in sales over the past year, Unity is undeniably one of the most important, emerging tech companies in the world. It's building a comprehensive platform that enables creators all over the world to better build and serve their audiences in increasingly digital worlds. Unity will continue to add new customers, services, companies, and talent to its arsenal... and it'll continue upselling existing customers quite well. The real questions are 1) can the swift pace maintain for many years (expectations are high), and 2) how will all of Unity's efforts ultimately come together? What interface and business model will at some point bring order and simplicity to Unity's increasingly diverse and chaotic suite of offerings? It'll take years to play out, but Unity has a huge long-term opportunity. The Numbers: Tencent is a behemoth of a business spanning social, fintech, commerce, and gaming. While they managed to beat analyst expectations, this was actually Tencent’s slowest growth quarter since IPO, growing 13% YoY. Domestic games revenues grew by 5% YoY to $5.2B, driven by games including Honor of Kings, Call of Duty Mobile, and Moonlight Blade Mobile. International Games revenues grew by 20% year-on-year to $1.77B, due to the robust performance of games like Valorant and Clash of Clans. Key Takeaways: It’s no secret that Chinese games companies are facing major regulatory headwinds that have impacted short-term financials. Not to mention that COVID tailwinds are slowly giving way to reality. Tencent’s stock price is reflective of this, decreasing 25% these past six months. That being said, Tencent is still firing on all fronts: 1) key acquisitions and partnerships are outperforming domestically, 2) a renewed focus on international customer acquisitions is yielding positive results, and 3) continued focus on distribution and tech (e.g advertising networks) is giving them a massive competitive moat. What’s Next: Importantly, Tencent continues to reinvest back into its ecosystem and top games / studios. To name a few examples: Honor of Kings recently announced an open-world game, they have the capabilities to build the “hyperverse”, and they launched a TFT spinoff called Fight of the Golden Spatula, which year-to-date is second in DAUs falling short of Wild Rift (Tencent-owned). While there are no existential issues and generally robust growth, Tencent must tread carefully on the regulatory horizon, continue to invest heavily on specialist international companies like Digital Extremes and Grinding Gear Games, hire more talent to their top studios like Riot, Supercell and TME, and fend off upstarts that threaten mindshare. Their metaverse ambitions? “For example, we have a lot of gaming experiences. We also have very strong social networking experience. In addition to that, in terms of technology building blocks, we have engine capability. We have AI capability. We have the capability to build a large server architecture that can serve a huge number of concurrent users. We are very experienced in managing digital content economies as well as real-life digital assets” The Numbers: Krafton delivered ~$440M in revenue (+42.3% YoY, +13.6% QoQ ), having solid growth across all segments. Most impressive is their growth on PC, which saw 112% YoY increase to $109M in quarterly revenue. Mobile grew 31%, which was mainly driven by PUBG Mobile and PUBG India (42M DAU). Key Takeaways: Krafton is riding the PUBG wave. One of the most exciting developments of Krafton’s involvement in PUBG is their concerted effort to expand the IP beyond game narratives: new games like New State, videos and lore, comics in partnership with WebToons. Importantly, this is content created to nurture more affinity in existing player bases. And if PUBG India’s 50M registered users in 44 days is any indication, this is a player base that is ravenous for this type of content. What’s Next: Beyond PUBG’s transmedia push, their recent IPO and cornerstone title success gives them the ability to reinvest in areas beyond core IP a la Free Fire and Sea Limited. For example, they announced earlier this year that they would acquire makers of Subnautica Unknown Worlds Entertainment for $500M (with $250M in earn-out potential). It wouldn’t be surprising if they continue a push for new IP and talent through M&A, specifically through acquisitions that could give them new exposure to specialty development across platforms and that they could merge their F2P expertise with. Lastly, we should expect continued interest and investment into the India market: a $100M developer fund for ecosystem building in a budding mobile market and a whole new India spinoff for India to comply with India regulations are indicative of this interest. The Numbers: For those paying close attention, Zynga's stock price is trading at pre-pandemic levels and near 52-week lows. Much of the decline happened around last quarter when it became clearer that Apple's IDFA deprecation would impact Zynga's growth trajectory, and that has carried forward to today. Even though it was technically a record Q3, bookings only rose 6%, operating cash flows mildly decreased, and guidance isn't all that exciting. Of course, management expects continued growth and rising margins over time. Key Takeaways: It's true that Zynga's near-term growth has been impacted; Zynga is making lower customer acquisition investments and some games (like Merge Dragons and Merge Magic, among older mobile/web titles) are experiencing declines. However, it's not as if Zynga is in poor condition. The core portfolio still consists of strong games with ongoing bold beats. The pipeline of new games continues to progress (they launched Farmville 3 with more games from studios like Peak and Gram Games in soft launch). Zynga continues to lean into hypercasual and ads with Rollic and Chartboost. It’s only beginning to nudge into cross-platform games. And Zynga is surely looking at more M&A options (like Golf Rival, the most recent example). The growth efforts won't all thrive, but they do add up. Zynga has more resources at its disposal to improve its customer acquisition strategy than nearly all other mobile games companies. What's Next: Much has been said about "content fortresses," which in this case is the combination of great games and high quality adtech capabilities under the same corporate roof. It can provide unique customer acquisition advantages, and it's likely Zynga needs to lean further in this direction. Chartboost is a start but there’s more to build and integrate. Management isn't wrong when saying there are several growth catalysts, but Zynga needs additional standout successes that management feels comfortable investing more heavily in for user acquisition. It may take time to work out of this rut, but it's likely that today's low expectations won't be permanent. Notably, the company also announced a VP of Blockchain Gaming (Matt Wolf), but no one really knows what to make of Zynga's thoughts and ambitions here yet. (Written by Aaron Bush & Fawzi Itani) 🎮 In Other News… 💸 Funding & Acquisitions: Dubit announced an $8M round to build out esports in the metaverse. Link IndieBL raised $3M for its games analytics software. Link Leaf Mobile will join the London Stock Exchange. Link Embracer Group expects 37 acquisitions over the next 12 months. Link Riot Games and Wizard of The Coast partnered on an Arcane card drop. Link Amazon is publishing MMO Lost Ark, to great initial fanfare and success. Link 🕹️ Culture & Games: Riot Games released two new games and announced two more upcoming next year . Link Nike created their own Roblox world. Link Halo Infinite, which had a surprise multiplayer beta release, has already released details about its esports ambitions. Link 👾 Miscellaneous Musings: Designing premium pass systems in games. Link A market map of games on Solana. Link Facebook is quietly buying up the metaverse. Link Intimacy from the inanimate in house-moving puzzler Unpacked. Link Hideo Kojima: the making of a video game auteur. Link 🔥 Featured Jobs Aristocrat Technologies: Senior UX Researcher (London) Virtex: Partnerships Director (Remote, Global) BebopBee: Community + Player Experience Manager (Menlo Park, CA) Ubisoft: Junior Technical Artist (Bucharest, Romania) Playco: Financial Planning & Analysis Consultant (Remote, US) You can view our entire job board — all of the open roles, as well as the ability to post new roles — below. Thanks for reading, and see you next week! As always, if you have feedback let us know here.

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Top 10 Best OCR Software in 2024 For over 5 decades now, optical character recognition or OCR software has most commonly been used to digitize files and paper documents. OCR applications can convert non-editable document formats such as PDFs or images to machine-readable formats that are both editable & searchable. With advancements in AI and machine learning, some of the best OCR software available today can even automate data capture workflows from documents such as invoices, purchase orders, receipts, and other business documents. This article will cover the definition of OCR, take a brief look at its history and the importance of optical character recognition software, explain how it works, explore some popular use cases, and review the top 10 best OCR software in the market. Automate manual data entry using Nanonet's AI-based OCR software. Capture data from documents instantly and automate data workflows. Reduce turnaround times and eliminate manual effort. What is OCR? OCR or Optical Character Recognition is a technology that identifies & recognizes text within scanned documents, photos or images. OCR technology powers tools that can extract data from PDFs or scanned documents by converting it into machine-readable text/data that can be edited, displayed, searched electronically & stored more conveniently for further processing. Over the years, OCR has been increasingly adopted in many document-processing workflows that previously depended on manual data entry. OCR is used to extract data from all types of business documents and send it to other business applications for further processing. A brief history of OCR In the early 1970s, Ray Kurzweil founded Kurzweil Computer Products, Inc., whose OCR product could recognize text printed in any font. He quickly realized that the best application for this technology would be a text-to-speech reading machine for the visually challenged. In 1980, Xerox snapped up Kurzweil’s company; a clear sign of the commercial viability of OCR. Later, in the 1990s, OCR was extensively used to digitize historical newspapers and legal documents. Today OCR applications and products powered by AI & machine learning are available online and as APIs that can integrate seamlessly with other applications - e.g. Tesseract OCR, Google Vision and Nanonets. They are used for automated data entry, pattern recognition, text-to-speech services, indexing documents for search engines, cognitive computing, text mining, and machine translation among various other applications. Types of OCR technology Here are some popular types of OCR technology: - Intelligent word recognition software converts scanned images into text that can be edited on a computer. When you scan a piece of paper, the software will read the words and translate them into editable digital text. - Intelligent character recognition software uses machine learning algorithms to interpret characters within an image. This type of OCR doesn't rely on human-readable text but instead identifies individual characters within an image and translates them into text that can be edited on a computer. - Optical word recognition targets typewritten text wordwise and is sometimes referred to as OCR - Optical mark recognition (OMR) is a technology that can be used to read marks on paper, such as barcodes and OCR characters. Why is OCR software important for businesses? While organizations are striving to turn paperless and automate business workflows, a large portion of business documents and communication is still done through paper documents, PDFs or scanned files. Important business documents such as invoices, POs, receipts, bank statements, contracts, government documents, large survey data, static documents and more are routinely received as physical paper documents or PDF attachments via email.These documents are not readily machine readable. What follows is a tedious, often manual, process of digitizing them and then ingesting relevant data into ERP or other business software. This takes a lot of time, resources and is extremely error-prone! OCR software removes a lot of these manual interventions. Incoming business documents and files are digitized instantly. Data capture is automated to a large extent with modern OCR applications powered by AI & machine learning that don’t depend on fixed document templates. And finally OCR tools fit right into your existing business workflows by integrating with your existing business software and ERPs. OCR software saves time and money while improving overall productivity and accuracy. It is to be noted that many workflow automation and business process automation software today are built on top of optical character recognition software! How does optical character recognition software work? OCR is a wide explorative study in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and computer vision systems. The first step with OCR involves converting the physical document into a digital image using a scanner or similar hardware. The OCR process then involves the following stages: The purpose of this stage is to create a precise representation of the document while also removing any unwanted constraints. Pre-processing techniques include: - Fixing alignment issues during the scanning process by deskewing or tilting the scanned document. - Despeckling – a process to remove spots or smooth the edges of images. This would improve the overall quality of digital images. - Removing noise from the image and cleaning up boxes and lines in the image. After the images are converted into a digital format, they are transformed to a black-and-white rendition, evaluated for bright vs. dark regions (characters). This will let OCR analyze the scanned image and classify the light areas as background and the dark areas as text. In the second step, the pre-processed image uses different text recognition algorithms like pattern recognition or feature recognition. - Pattern recognition algorithms are based on the assumption that each character has a unique shape and can be identified by its distinctive features. These algorithms find the best match for each character in a database of character shapes. However, this method may fail if there are variations in font size or spacing between characters. - Feature recognition algorithms look for specific features in an image to determine what is being scanned. This method works well with non-standard fonts and handwritten characters. The post-processing step involves techniques & algorithms to improve the accuracy of the extracted data by first detecting and then fixing errors. This requires comparing the extracted text/data against a standard lexicon or vocabulary and taking into account logical, grammatical, and contextual considerations. In this final step, OCR converts scanned text into a digitized file. After post processing, the OCR systems retain the original page structure and create a PDF containing both the original image and a searchable textual image. Error correction is done by ‘near neighbour analysis’. Popular use cases of OCR software OCR has been mostly used for converting physical documents into machine-readable or searchable formats that can then be edited on word processors. But apart from this, OCR is also widely used for the following use cases: Accounting & Finance Invoices and other financial documents are integral to any business transaction and must be processed quickly and accurately. OCR helps automate this process by converting images of financial documents into text that can be easily verified. The extracted text can then be used to perform tasks like book-keeping, AP automation, invoice auditing or further processing. Banks need to verify multiple types of documents before approving loans. OCR can be used to scan these documents quickly and efficiently. Banks also use OCR to convert loan documents into digital formats to be stored electronically and shared among departments. This helps streamline the loan application process by allowing employees from different departments to work on the same document simultaneously instead of waiting for paper copies to be delivered back and forth between departments. OCR also helps banks comply with KYC regulations by making it possible for employees to quickly identify people based on their photos or other identifying information The healthcare industry has a lot of paperwork that must be processed quickly and accurately. The same goes for insurance companies that need to process health insurance claims, clinical laboratories that need to report results, and pharmacies that need to track prescriptions. OCR can help these organizations reduce their costs by automating manual workflows. As more patients are treated in an outpatient setting rather than an inpatient one, it’s essential that their records are easily accessible at all times — whether they are at home or in the office. OCR allows you to scan patient files into your EHR system anytime without manually keying in each field. Big Data Modelling One of the most important aspects of big-data modeling is the ability to handle data that's not in a traditional, structured format. In many cases, this will mean unstructured or semi-structured data that's in a variety of different formats and languages. And this is where optical character recognition (OCR) comes in. By using OCR, you can take documents that have been scanned into your database and turn them into a form that can be accessed by your model. This can be done either automatically or manually, depending on the type of document you're trying to convert. Once you've done this conversion, it's easier for your model to understand what it's looking at because it has been converted into something more easily parseable by computers. Logistics companies deal with large amounts of data every day. OCR allows logistics workflows to automatically recognize and store information from millions of documents per day. - Managing inventory by scanning barcodes on items and automatically recording the information in your system - Automatically read shipping labels and send the data to your system, so you don't have to enter it manually. - Using machine learning after OCR to predict what types of products a customer might want the next time they place an order. Other Notable Use Cases Here are some other applications for optical character recognition software: - Data or document classification - Recognising number plates with a camera - Indexing print material for search engines - Passport recognition and information extraction at airports - Recognising traffic signs - Converting business card information into contact list - Pen computing – converting handwriting in real-time to control a computer - Deciphering documents to be read aloud to blind and visually impaired users - Making scanned documents searchable by converting them into PDF files. - Archiving historic information- like magazines and newspapers - into searchable formats The best OCR Software for your business Let’s look at some of the best OCR software available on the market. Nanonets is an AI-based OCR software that automates data capture for intelligent document processing of invoices, receipts, ID cards and more. Nanonets uses advanced OCR, machine learning image processing, and Deep Learning to extract relevant information from unstructured data to automate business workflows. It is fast, accurate, easy to use, allows users to build custom OCR models from scratch and has some neat Zapier integrations. Digitize documents, extract data-fields, and integrate with your everyday apps via APIs in a simple, intuitive interface. This intelligent automation platform handles unstructured data without much difficulty and the AI also handles common data constraints with ease. Information from documents with imperfections & blemishes is extracted quite easily. It handles multi-page invoices and identifies multi-line items with ease; something that most legacy and modern OCR tools fail at. - Modern UI - Handles large volumes of documents - Reasonably priced - Ease of use - Zero-shot or zero-training data extraction - Cognitive capture of data - resulting in minimal intervention - Requires no in-house team of developers - Algorithm/models can be trained/retrained - Great documentation & support - Lots of customization options - Wide choice of integration options - Works with non-English or multiple languages - Seamless 2-way integration with multiple accounting software - Great OCR API for developers - Table capture UI can be better - Training & working with custom data - Easy to use & flexible - Learns & retrains continuously - Completely customizable - Requires almost no post-processing - Handles common data constraints with ease - Works with non-English or multiple languages - Requires no in-house team of developers FlexiCapture is a stable, scalable document imaging and data extraction software that automatically transforms documents of any structure, language or content into usable and accessible business-ready data. - Recognizes images very well - Easy to store hard copy result in system - Integrates well with ERP systems - Automates data extraction from documents (to an extent) - Initial setup can be difficult and complex - Automatic processing of invoices not set up - No ready-made templates - Difficult to customize - No resources available - Could have better integration with RPA solutions - Low accuracy with low resolution images/documents - Batch verifications are held up even if there's an error just in a particular section - Line item error messages pop up even for items that should be skipped - RESTful API is not available in the on-prem version - Not a Mac OCR Software - Keyboard-friendly OCR editor for manual corrections - Exceptionally clear interface - Exports to multiple formats - Unique document-compare feature - Lacks full-text indexing for fast searches - Requires a learning curve - Pricing can be prohibitive - Inability to view the history of document changes - Can't merge several files into one - Might require some post-processing - The UI could be overwhelming at first - Slow to process big files 4. Kofax Omnipage Omnipage is a powerful PDF OCR software that can handle automation for high-volume corporate OCR tasks. This tool specialises in table extraction, line item matching, and smart extraction. - Has a robust set of tools for enhancing images - Highly accurate - UI not intuitive - Configuration for AP Automation is not straightforward - API integration can be improved - alternatives for Kofax 5. IBM Datacap Datacap streamlines the capture, recognition and classification of business documents to extract important information from them. Datacap has a strong OCR engine, multiple functions as well as customisable rules. It works across multiple channels, including scanners, mobile devices, multifunction peripherals and fax. - Configures complex applications in data capture - Scanning mechanism - Ease of use - Very little online support - UI could be more intuitive - Setup can be cumbersome - Creating a customized flow isn’t straightforward - Batch commits take time One of the solutions in the Google Cloud AI suite, the Document AI (DocAI) is a document processing console that uses machine learning to automatically classify, extract, enrich data and unlock insights within documents. - Easy to set up - Integrates very well with other Google services - Storage of information - AI modules lack proper documentation - Customization of existing modules and libraries is hard - Not suited for Python or other coding languages - Outdated API documentation - Not suited for hybrid cloud deployments - Not suited for use cases that require custom AI algorithms 7. AWS Textract AWS Textract automatically extracts text and other data from scanned documents using machine learning and OCR. It is also used to identify, understand, and extract data from forms and tables. For more information check out this detailed breakdown of AWS Textract. - Pay-per-use billing model - Ease of use - Can’t be trained - Varying accuracy - Not meant for handwritten documents Docparser is a cloud-based document processing and OCR software that can automate low-value tasks and workflows for businesses. - Easy setup - Zapier integration - The webhooks occasionally fail - Requires some deal of training to pick up the parsing rules - Not enough templates - Zonal OCR approach - can't handle unknown templates - UI could be better - Slow to load pages - Documentation could be better 9. Adobe Acrobat DC Adobe provides a comprehensive PDF editor with an in-built OCR functionality. - Ease of use - Not an exclusive OCR software - Heavy on the system - Takes up a lot of space on the hard disk - Difficult to integrate with services like Sharepoint or Dropbox - Requires an Adobe Creative Cloud license. Klippa provides automated document management, processing, classification and data extraction solutions to digitize paper documents in your organization. - Fast setup - Great support - Great API for developers - Clear and concise API documentation - Links well with accounting programs - Competitively priced - OCR recognition can be better - Limited template customizations - Limited white-label customizations - Bulk adjustments not supported - The VAT is often not displayed correctly - The app crashes often - Can’t train the OCR model - The selection process isn't straightforward as there are a lot of options Feature comparison table for the top 10 OCR software Here’s a quick comparison of all the OCR software listed above across some crucial OCR software features & parameters: Other notable OCR software Free OCR software & PDF OCR Tools Apart from the professional cutting-edge OCR solutions mentioned above, there are free OCR software that do the job to an extent. Running on open-source OCR engines (like Tesseract), these free solutions help convert photos, PDFs, TIFFs or scanned documents into editable digital text formats. While they might not be able to process elaborate business documents at scale, they are adequate for extracting text from simple documents with straightforward formatting. These free OCR solutions either come as web-based applications, standalone software that need to be installed on various platforms, or as a side feature in a full-fledged document editing service. Please note that free OCR software regularly fail to process handwritten documents, multi-column tables, long line items, or low quality images/scans. Here are some free optical character recognition tools for your consideration: - Office Lens - English OCR - Easy Screen OCR - Photo Scan - Adobe Scan - OCR Using Microsoft OneNote In conclusion, OCR software serves as a vital tool in streamlining business processes and enhancing efficiency by transforming scanned documents into editable and searchable text. With advancements in AI and machine learning, OCR technology continues to evolve, promising even greater accuracy, speed, and cognitive decision making abilities in the future that can power autonomous AI agents. As businesses increasingly rely on digitalization, the role of OCR in driving productivity and innovation will only continue to grow. Update April 2024: this post was originally published in January 2021 and has since been updated with the latest findings & resources.

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They say your teen years are some of the best you’ll ever have in your life. It’s a time of growth, self-discovery, high school drama and bliss, first dates, road trips – potentially the most glorious time of your youth. So then why are there grey hairs protruding out of your head and trying to ruin your life? And what causes grey hair in teenage years anyway? You may have noticed it in the mirror when getting ready for school or in those selfies you’ve been taking. Your glowy, luscious tresses you’ve been taking for granted now look like they belong on a woman in her fifties whose age got the better of her. But aren’t you too young for that? Yes and no. Premature greying in teens’ hair isn’t usual in the slightest, but some genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors speed up the hair whitening process even before you’re of legal age. Today, we’ll be talking about what causes greying in teenagers and what you can do to reverse, prevent, and cope with this unusual occurrence happening at a prime time of your life. Table of Contents So, what causes grey hair in teenage years? Before we get into the possible reasons why your hair is greying out too early in your life, we need to first understand why hair turns white, to begin with. The color of our hair and skin is determined by the amount of melanin our body produces. More melanin means a darker color, and fewer melanin results in lighter shades. Melanin is produced by melanocytes, a special type of cell present in our hair and skin. As we get older, the melanocytes in our hair get less active. This is in contrast to those in our skin, which continually produce melanin without stopping. That’s why when people get older, their locks start to fade in color and turn grey. There’s a loss of pigment production in the hair because of aging. When this happens to people before they hit the age of 20, it’s called premature greying. This is more common in Caucasians because of their genetic makeup, compared to other ethnicities (premature greying usually only occurs at around age 25 for Asians and 30 for African-Americans). Premature greying can usually be attributed to genetics, but there are also many health, lifestyle, and environmental factors that speed up the process too. The tricky thing is that it’s not yet clearly understood why only some teens get grey hair early in life, even with unique genetics and habits. That said, here are seven of the common reasons your hair can start greying out as early as in your teen years: Typically, less active melanin production is a sign that you’re hitting the golden years of your life when you’ve become more mature and lived a full life. But there’s a chance you could see little grey hairs growing out as early as your twenties or even your teen years because of genes. Ask your parents, grandparents, and older brothers or sisters if they went through something similar when they were your age. If you find that they did, then the cause of premature greying is probably hereditary. Get tips and tricks from them to see how they handled their greying at a young age. You can also start producing more melanin if you’re exposed to oxidative stress. I know, big word. But it’s very simple. When you don’t have enough antioxidants in your body and hair, you can’t counteract damage from free radicals that are usually in the air and pollution around you. Free radicals can then bring harm to your body, speeding up signs of aging, or getting you sick. This can result in a drop in melanin production because of the weakening of melanocytes. It could also cause some medical conditions with premature greying as a side effect. That brings us to the third common cause of premature greying – medical conditions. There are a handful of diseases and medical conditions that note premature greying in hair as a side effect, even in teens. Among these conditions are neurofibromatosis, vitiligo, and hyperthyroidism, all of which either slow down or destroy melanin in your hair follicles. Hormonal imbalance can also increase your chances of seeing grey hair in your younger years. Girls in their teens are likely to be going through many hormonal changes because they’re turning into women, so it’s also another probable cause of premature greying. If you suspect your premature greying is because of an underlying condition, seek the help of your doctor or any medical professional. Ask a trusted family member or your best friend to go with you if you feel you need extra support before your visit to any clinic. There are some studies that link smoking to greying hair, especially when you get into the habit at a young age. Smoking, like any other chemical dependency, adds stress to the body, and can make you age a lot faster. That’s why many people who smoke for decades get wrinkles even before they hit age 50. It can also be an indirect cause of your hair greying out early in life. Teens are almost always under peer pressure to try new things and be part of the “in” crowd. However, you should never do anything that could be detrimental to your health, such as getting hooked on smoking. Greying hair is just another bullet you can dodge if you avoid smoking. Poor eating habits Another reason why your hair might be greying out is that your diet is not exactly the healthiest. Teens are big foodies thanks to social media. They love pizza, fried chicken, cronuts, and anything else trending in the online food world. But when you don’t eat enough nutritious food that nourishes you, you can get vitamin deficiencies. And when you’re low on key vitamins and minerals, it can turn your hair white. A balanced diet is key to keeping your skin glowy and your hair thick and healthy. So if you lack any of the essential vitamins and minerals, your outer appearance is likely to bear the consequences. You must be sufficient in vitamins B6, B12, D, and E. If you’re not, you run the risk of growing little grey hairs before graduation. In case you’re deficient in some or all of these vitamins, it could affect melanin production in your hair negatively. If you need help staying on track with your vitamins, take supplements to ensure you’re never deficient in any of them. Copper and protein are also great for preventing premature greying, as well as other natural ingredients that we’ll be touching on later. Eat healthy foods that contain these vitamins and minerals to boost hair health and prevent any greying that can dull down the glow and vitality your hair should have at your age. To see what food can help you retain your natural hair color without premature greying, continue reading. This is a huge one because it’s common hearsay that actually proves to be true. When you’re stressed, have a lot on your mind, and are losing sleep because of it, it affects your health negatively. One uncommon yet possible side effect of heavy stress and poor mental health is greying hair. Whether it’s school or your relationships at home or with friends, too much stress can affect you inside and out. Try to keep those happy levels up by unwinding so you won’t have to worry about long-term mental health issues or even premature greying. Lastly, you can get premature greying in your teen years if you use extremely strong and borderline toxic chemicals in your hair. That includes dyes and hair care products that contain harmful chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide is one such chemical that can turn your hair grey at an early age. It’s commonly found in hair dye, and as we know, teens love to play around with their hair to express themselves. Avoid excessive use of bleach and dye so you don’t run the risk of premature greying. Can premature grey hair be reversed? Being able to reverse and then prevent the recurrence of greying depends on what caused it in the first place. Some causes mean your greying hair can be salvageable, while others, not so much. If genetics are to blame, then you likely won’t be able to reverse your hair greying and will have to find a way to manage it instead. If it’s caused by a medical condition, it’s best that you seek the treatment you need from your doctor. They may also even recommend specific hair care steps to help reverse greying. Now, if your premature greying is caused by external lifestyle factors, there are fortunately many impactful things you can do or adjust to help put a stop to your hair turning white. Some are easy to incorporate into your daily life, but others require commitment and diligence. Now that we know what causes grey hair in teenage years, let’s see some of the things you can do to slow it down or end it completely: If you’ve picked up the habit of smoking behind the gym in between classes or sneaking a few cigarettes when you’re stressed out, muster the courage to quit. Your overall health in both the short and long term will benefit from that decision, and you can likely reduce and even stop the early greying of your hair. Proper hair care Go into your bathroom and check the labels behind your favorite shampoos and conditioners. If you see ingredients like parabens, phthalates, formaldehyde, and way too much artificial coloring and fragrance, these products may be extremely harsh on your hair and can trigger unforeseen greying at an early age. Going for milder, more moisturizing hair products without harsh ingredients, like sulfate-free or medicate shampoos that can improve the overall health of your scalp and hair. Dehydration can make premature greying more rampant, so be sure to pamper your hair with nourishing oil masques or deep conditioners once a week as well. If you have extra time in the morning, spritz on some leave-in conditioner before leaving for school. This keeps your hair hydrated all day long. Earlier, we talked about oxidative stress that can cause damage to your hair because of free radicals moving freely in the air. One way to beat that is to protect your hair from harmful UV rays. Spray on a heat protectant before going under the sun to prevent any damage to your hair that can worsen greying. Care for your mental health If stress is a major cause of premature greying, then you should be taking measures to take care of your mental health, especially in this day and age when anxiety is rampant because of social media, insane current events on the news, and high school drama. Pick up a hobby or self-care routine that can help you calm down when you’re getting too stressed out, like yoga or meditation. Listen to podcasts to learn about how you can rid yourself of worries even just for a little while. Fantastic mental health will do wonders for you physically and emotionally. Reversing and reducing the risk of premature greying is just one of them. Try natural remedies Older generations believe that some natural botanicals help darken the hair and slow down the signs of aging, which include premature greying. One popular natural remedy is the use of curry leaves in your hair care routine. You can combine crushed curry leaves in your favorite hair oil (sweet almond oil is great for hair follicle care!) and apply it to your scalp, giving yourself a massage. This helps keep your hair color dark and prevent greying. Another popular yet hard-to-find botanical for the reversal of premature greying is amla, an herbal supplement that comes from the Indian gooseberry. Amla fruit is rich in anti-aging properties to curb greying and some antioxidants that can fight against free radicals and oxidative stress. You can also give yourself a black tea rinse every once in a while. Not only can it make the hair shinier and smoother, but it’s said to prevent premature greying as well. Most importantly, you need to eat the right foods to give your body the ability to grow healthy, luscious locks instead of dull and white strands. Make sure you have a balanced diet and that all your meals are packed with the vitamins and minerals you need to reverse and avoid premature greying. But what types of food should you be looking at if you want a diet that can help maintain your young, gorgeous locks? Luckily, there are lots of healthy yet scrumptious options on the menu. Is there food to prevent white hair? Sadly, there’s no list of miracle foods you should eat to bring your hair back to its natural color and curb all signs of premature greying. However, there are key vitamins and minerals you should always nourish your body with. There are specific foods rich in those vitamins and minerals that can help eliminate greying. One of the most important vitamins you need in your system to ensure your hair doesn’t grey out at an early age is vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin. This vitamin strengthens the hair follicles by producing more red blood cells, so it’s definitely a need for healthy hair. You can find vitamin B12 in dairy products like cheese and milk. You can also find this vitamin in eggs, tuna, seafood, or red meats from pork, beef, and even the occasional lamb. If you’re practicing a vegan lifestyle, you can opt for fortified, cobalamin-rich cereals or take vitamin B12 supplements. This vitamin helps to stimulate hair follicles, where each strand grows. If you want to ensure proper hair growth that isn’t grey at your age, you need to stock up on some vitamin D. Foods rich in vitamin D include oily fish like salmon, herring, or sardines. You can also eat extra eggs, milk, and cheese to load up on this vitamin. Our hair is made of a protein called keratin. When we’re deficient in protein, it thins out the hair and makes it less healthy because there’s not enough keratin to keep it strong. You can find protein in lean meats and poultry like chicken. It’s also in spinach, nuts, and tofu. Lentils such as beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils, soybeans, and peanuts are also good sources of protein. Building up antioxidants in our body is great for reducing premature greying caused by oxidative stress. Squeeze in some antioxidant-rich ingredients when preparing meals, such as fruits and veggies, fresh green tea, and olive oil. This mineral is great for keeping melanin production in your hair active, so you can’t afford to be deficient in it. Walnuts, leafy greens, mushrooms, and liver are all rich in copper, so make sure you add them to your diet. And for dessert, you can down a bar of dark chocolate, also rich in copper. This is yet another mineral that helps maintain your natural hair color. You can get zinc in many multivitamins and supplements, as well as food like beans, shellfish, nuts and seeds, and cheese. Ways to cope if your hair is greying in your teenage years Premature greying cannot come at a worse time for teenagers. Your teen years are a very formative age with many physical, emotional, and social changes. Teens are very self-conscious about how they look and tend to compare themselves to others, no thanks to social media and the battle for likes on selfies. Teens with greying hair can feel insecure about how they look, especially since often, they think they’re going through it alone. It causes anxiety about people whispering about their grey locks. Because of this fear and lack of confidence, many teens miss out on good opportunities, like meeting new people and pursuing passions, all because they don’t want the extra attention and eyes on them and their hair. Thankfully, there are some techniques to manage grey hair in the short term. Dyeing your hair One of which is dyeing your hair every now and then. You can buy a box of DIY hair dye at an affordable price and cover up those grey strands peeking out. It’s a lifesaver if you have a huge event going on, like prom night. However, note that dyeing your hair can make your hair dehydrated and parched, so avoid doing it too frequently. You can compensate by doing nourishing treatments on your hair. If you want to experiment on the safer side, you can also use a color-depositing shampoo that can gradually darken your grey hair strands as you wash your hair. This method hides those distracting grey hairs without you having to worry about damage from chemical treatments. Lastly, do things that will make you feel more comfortable and confident with your hair. Trendy haircuts, accessories Get trendy haircuts, use cute and colorful hair accessories, and start experimenting with flat irons and curling wands every now and then to spice up your look (provided you use heat protectant). Doing these will help you come to terms with the greying and build your confidence back up again even if you don’t always like what you see in the mirror. Don’t let a couple of grey hairs stop you from loving yourself and finding your own personal style, as you should be doing at your age. So you see, you’re not some kind of weirdo or oddball for having some grey hairs as early as your high school years. You now have an idea about what causes grey hair in teenage years. There’s always some kind of logical explanation behind it, although it’s difficult to pinpoint unless you talk to a medical professional or study your family tree. There are lots of ways to cope and manage premature greying at your age. You can incorporate dyeing your hair into your self-care routine now and then, or even embrace this change and go full silver fox in a few years. Whichever way you choose to deal with premature greying, know that the best thing you can do for yourself at this time of your life is to love and care for yourself. Do things to stay healthy, mentally, and physically. Eat good food, avoid toxic habits, don’t sweat the small stuff, and enjoy being a teen! Who knows, maybe it’s all you need to do to make your anxiety about rocking a salt-and-pepper look in your twenties disappear completely.

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The golden hour is a magical time when the sky transforms into a canvas of vibrant sunset tones. Picture yourself surrounded by breathtaking sunset scenes, where colorful sunsets paint the horizon with stunning sunset colors. The picturesque beauty of the fading sunlight creates a mesmerizing sunset color palette, filled with vibrant hues that captivate your senses. Imagine standing beneath a captivating sky, where the warm reds, oranges, and yellows of a sunset create a breathtaking display of shades. The vibrant sunset hues blend seamlessly, casting a soft, radiant glow that elevates your style and adds a touch of warmth to your photographs. In this article, we’ll explore how the atmosphere affects light and color during sunset, the best weather conditions for capturing vibrant sunset colors, and the key camera settings to enhance your sunset photography. Whether you’re a professional photographer or an avid enthusiast, these tips and techniques will help you capture stunning sunset photos and elevate your style. How the Atmosphere Affects Light and Color at Sunset The atmosphere acts like a prism, bending and scattering sunlight to create mesmerizing color combinations during a sunset. As the sun sets, its rays travel through a thicker slice of the atmosphere, filtering and scattering light. This scattering effect leaves the sky awash with warm reds, oranges, and yellows while blue and violet wavelengths scatter first. Atmospheric conditions, such as particles in the air like dust, smoke, and water droplets, can amplify the scattering effect and result in more vibrant hues. Understanding how the atmosphere influences light and color is vital for capturing stunning sunset photographs. By comprehending the science behind atmospheric scattering, photographers can make informed decisions about composition, exposure, and post-processing techniques to enhance the visual impact of their sunset photography. To illustrate the process, imagine a sunset scene where the sun is descending towards the horizon. As its rays traverse the atmosphere, the shorter blue and violet wavelengths are scattered away from our line of sight, while the longer red, orange, and yellow wavelengths continue their journey. This phenomenon known as Rayleigh scattering is responsible for the warm hues that dominate the sky during sunset. In addition to Rayleigh scattering, other factors can affect the colors observed during a sunset. The presence of particulate matter in the atmosphere, such as dust, smoke, and water droplets, can scatter and filter sunlight in different ways. These particles act as additional scattering agents, contributing to the vibrant and diverse color palette witnessed during sunset hours. Photographers can leverage these atmospheric effects to their advantage by carefully composing their shots and adjusting camera settings. By selecting the right angles and capturing the interplay between light and color, photographers can create breathtaking images that evoke the awe-inspiring beauty of a sunset. “The beauty of a sunset lies not only in its vivid hues but also in the ethereal atmosphere that surrounds it.” Techniques such as long exposures can capture the smooth transitions of color gradients, while using filters can further enhance and accentuate the vibrant tones. Through experimentation and an understanding of how the atmosphere interacts with light, photographers can unlock the full potential of sunset photography. Best Weather Conditions for Sunset Photography The weather conditions play a significant role in capturing stunning sunset photos. The right conditions can enhance the vibrant colors of a sunset and create a magical atmosphere in your photographs. Partly Cloudy Skies Partly cloudy skies can be a dream come true for sunset photography. The clouds act as giant reflectors, bouncing and diffusing the sunlight, which adds depth and dimension to your compositions. These clouds create a dazzling array of colors, making your sunset photos truly breathtaking. The Calm After a Rainstorm After a rainstorm, the air is clear, and there are fewer particulates in the atmosphere. This clarity results in vibrant colors and clearer images. The rain-washed sky creates a pristine backdrop for capturing the stunning shades of a sunset, allowing you to capture the moment with unparalleled clarity. On hazy days, the presence of moisture in the air can enhance the colors of a sunset. The haze acts like a natural diffuser, softening the light and creating a soft, glowing effect. This effect adds a touch of mystique and romance to your sunset photographs. Shooting from High Altitudes If you have the opportunity, shooting from high altitudes can offer a unique perspective on sunset photography. The higher elevation allows you to capture more vivid colors and sharper images. You can capture the entire landscape below, bathed in the warm and vibrant hues of the setting sun. Capturing stunning sunset photos requires the perfect weather conditions, and understanding how these conditions can enhance the colors and atmosphere in your photographs. Experiment with different weather conditions to capture the most breathtaking sunset shots. Camera Settings for Sunset Photography Adjusting camera settings is crucial for capturing the perfect sunset photograph. To achieve stunning results, consider the following camera settings: - ISO: Keep the ISO low to minimize noise and preserve the smooth, dreamy quality of the fading sunlight. - Aperture: Use a smaller aperture (higher f-stop number) to achieve a greater depth of field, ensuring both the sky and the landscape details are in focus. - Shutter Speed: Experiment with different shutter speeds to capture the best exposure or create a sense of movement in your sunset photos. - White Balance: Set the white balance to “Shade” or “Cloudy” to enhance the warm, golden hues of a sunset. By adjusting these camera settings, you can capture the rich colors, magical lighting, and breathtaking atmosphere of a sunset. Sample Camera Settings for Sunset Photography For a starting point, you can try the following camera settings: Shutter Speed: 1/100 second White Balance: Shade or Cloudy Keep in mind that the ideal camera settings may vary depending on the specific lighting conditions, composition, and desired effect. Don’t be afraid to experiment and adjust the settings according to your creative vision. 9 Easy Ways to Improve Your Sunset (and Sunrise!) Photos Capturing the beauty of a sunset or sunrise can be a captivating experience that leaves you with stunning photos to cherish. To help you elevate your sunset and sunrise photos, here are nine easy techniques to try: Experiment with different wide-angle lenses and focal lengths to create unique compositions and perspectives. Capture the vastness of the sky and the surrounding landscapes for breathtaking shots. Use a tripod and shutter release to keep your camera steady and avoid any blurriness, especially when using slower shutter speeds. This ensures sharp, high-quality images. Explore graduated neutral-density filters to balance exposures between the bright sky and the dark foreground. These filters reduce the harsh contrast common in sunset and sunrise scenes. Get creative with your compositions by incorporating silhouettes, mist, low-hanging fog, starbursts, and other captivating elements. Let your imagination run wild and experiment with different artistic techniques. Consider bracketing shots for multiple exposures. This technique allows you to capture the full dynamic range of the scene, from the bright highlights to the deep shadows, resulting in a well-balanced image. Use fill light for foreground elements to add depth and ensure proper exposure. This technique helps create a balanced composition and draw attention to key elements in your photos. Pay attention to the position of the sun and plan your shots accordingly. Capture the golden hour light moments before sunrise or during sunset for the most magical colors and atmospheres. Experiment with different post-processing techniques to enhance the colors and tones of your sunset and sunrise photos. Adjust the exposure, saturation, and color grading to reflect the mood and atmosphere of the scene. Finally, don’t be afraid to explore various locations and angles. Move around, look for interesting foreground elements, and find unique perspectives to create truly captivating images. By incorporating these easy techniques into your sunset and sunrise photography, you’ll be able to elevate your photos and capture the stunning majesty of these natural wonders. Remember, practice makes perfect, so get out there and start experimenting with these techniques to create your own breathtaking sunset and sunrise masterpieces! Must-Have Tools for Planning Your Sunset Photos Proper planning is crucial for capturing stunning sunset photos. To ensure you’re well-equipped for your photography adventure, here are the essential tools you’ll need: - A high-quality camera: Invest in a camera that allows you to capture the rich colors and intricate details of a sunset. - A sturdy tripod: Keep your camera steady during long exposures, especially in low-light conditions. - Accessories: Consider bringing along a remote shutter release, lens filters, and extra memory cards to enhance your shooting experience. Once you have your gear ready, it’s time to scout for the perfect location. Look for a spot with an unobstructed view of the horizon and interesting foreground elements to add depth to your compositions. Checking the weather forecast is also essential for planning your sunset shoot. Ideal weather conditions include partly cloudy skies, which can create a stunning interplay of light and colors. Additionally, the calm after a rainstorm or hazy days can enhance the vibrant hues of a sunset. Finally, don’t forget to pack extra batteries to ensure you won’t miss any fleeting moments, and bring ample memory cards to capture all the breathtaking scenes. With the right tools and proper planning, you’ll be well-prepared to capture stunning sunset photos. Get ready to immerse yourself in nature’s mesmerizing light show. Using These Tips for Sunrise Photography While this article primarily focuses on sunset photography, the same tips and techniques can be applied to capturing stunning sunrise photos. The golden hour light during sunrise offers similar qualities to the evening sunset light. Apply the knowledge of how the atmosphere affects light and color, consider the best weather conditions, and use the appropriate camera settings to capture the perfect sunrise photograph. “The sunrise, of course, doesn’t care if we watch it or not. It will keep on being beautiful, even if no one bothers to look at it.” – Gene Amole Just like with sunset photography, it’s important to plan ahead and choose a location with an unobstructed view of the horizon. Check the weather forecast to ensure optimal conditions for capturing breathtaking sunrise hues. Remember to adjust your camera settings accordingly to achieve the desired results. Sunrise Photography Tips |Be prepared and arrive at your location well before sunrise to find the perfect spot and set up your equipment. |Use a tripod |Keep your camera steady and capture sharp images by using a sturdy tripod, especially in low-light conditions. |Experiment with composition |Try different angles, foreground elements, and focal lengths to create unique and captivating compositions. |Adjust white balance |Consider using the “Cloudy” or “Shade” white balance settings to enhance the warm tones of the sunrise. |Shoot in RAW format |By shooting in RAW, you have more flexibility in post-processing to bring out the best colors and details in your sunrise photos. |Experiment with exposure |Bracket your shots or use exposure compensation to capture a range of exposures and preserve details in both the highlights and shadows. Enhance Your Sunset Shots with Lightroom Presets Lightroom presets can take your sunset shots to the next level, enhancing their beauty and adding a touch of magic. Specifically designed for sunset and golden hour photography, these presets are a valuable tool for creating stunning images. Whether you want to enhance the warm tones, create a soft and dreamy look, highlight specific colors, or add a cinematic feel, there are presets available to suit your style and desired aesthetic. Experimenting with different presets is key to finding the ones that work best for your sunset photography. Each preset has its unique characteristics, allowing you to create a variety of effects and moods in your photos. From subtle adjustments to dramatic transformations, these presets can elevate your images and help you achieve the perfect sunset look. By applying Lightroom presets, you can save time in the editing process and achieve consistent results across your sunset shots. These presets offer a quick and efficient way to enhance your photographs, allowing you to focus more on capturing breathtaking moments and less on tedious editing tasks. With the click of a button, you can instantly transform the colors, tones, and overall look of your sunset photos. Whether you’re a professional photographer or an enthusiast, Lightroom presets can unlock new creative possibilities and inspire you to experiment with different styles and effects. For those new to Lightroom presets, they are pre-defined settings that apply adjustments to your photos, including changes to exposure, colors, contrast, and more. They are designed to streamline your editing process and help you achieve consistent results. Below is an example of how Lightroom presets can enhance a sunset photograph: As you can see, the Lightroom preset adds warmth and enhances the vibrant colors of the sunset, creating a more captivating and visually appealing image. Using Lightroom presets is a simple and effective way to enhance your sunset shots and bring out the full potential of your photographs. Whether you’re a professional photographer or a hobbyist, these presets can help you achieve stunning results and unleash your creativity. Techniques for working with sunset colors and tones Working with sunset colors and tones is an art that requires a keen eye for detail and a touch of creativity. Understanding color temperature and utilizing white balance adjustments can help enhance the warm hues of a sunset, bringing out the vividness of the scene. One powerful tool that can deepen colors and increase contrast is the polarizing filter. By attaching this filter to your camera lens, you can reduce glare and unwanted reflections, resulting in more saturated sunset colors. When it comes to editing your sunset photos, there are a variety of techniques you can employ to achieve the desired look. One approach is to adjust the exposure, saturation, and color grading to fine-tune the tones and overall mood of the image. Increasing the exposure can bring out the details in the shadows, while adjusting the saturation can intensify the vibrancy of the colors. Another way to enhance your sunset photos is by using color grading techniques. This involves manipulating the individual color channels to create a specific look or atmosphere. For instance, you can emphasize the warm tones by increasing the red and orange channels, or create a dreamy atmosphere by cooling down the blues. Experimentation is key, so don’t be afraid to explore different editing techniques and let your own style shine through in your edits. Quick Tips for Working with Sunset Colors and Tones: - Understand color temperature and adjust white balance accordingly to enhance warm hues - Utilize a polarizing filter to deepen colors and increase contrast - Experiment with exposure, saturation, and color grading during the editing process - Explore different editing techniques to achieve the desired look and atmosphere |Adjust white balance to enhance warm hues |Deepen colors and increase contrast |Exposure, Saturation, and Color Grading |Fine-tune tones and overall mood through adjustments |Explore different techniques to find your own style Remember, working with sunset colors and tones is a personal and creative process. There are no strict rules, so feel free to experiment and let your imagination run wild. Embrace the beauty of sunset colors and create stunning photographs that capture the magic of golden hour. Capturing stunning sunset photos requires an understanding of how the atmosphere affects light and color, the best weather conditions, the right camera settings, and proper planning. By applying these tips and techniques and experimenting with different compositions, lenses, and editing tools, you can elevate your style and create breathtaking sunset shots. Embrace the warm allure of sunset tones and let your creativity shine in capturing golden hour moments. What is the significance of sunset tones in photography? Sunset tones, with their vibrant hues and breathtaking shades, can transform a photograph into a stunning work of art. They add depth, warmth, and a touch of magic to your images, creating captivating and picturesque scenes. How does the atmosphere affect light and color during sunset? The atmosphere acts as a prism, scattering and bending sunlight to create the mesmerizing color combinations we see during a sunset. As the sun sets, its rays pass through more of the atmosphere, filtering and scattering light. This scattering effect results in the vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows that fill the sky during sunset. What weather conditions are best for capturing stunning sunset photos? Partly cloudy skies, calm after a rainstorm, and hazy days can all enhance the colors of a sunset and create a picturesque scene. Shooting from high altitudes can also provide a unique perspective. What camera settings work best for sunset photography? It is recommended to keep the ISO low to minimize noise and preserve the smooth quality of the fading sunlight. Using a smaller aperture (higher f-stop number) can help achieve a greater depth of field, ensuring both the sky and landscape details are in focus. Experimenting with different shutter speeds can capture the perfect exposure or create a sense of movement. Setting the white balance to “Shade” or “Cloudy” enhances the warm, golden hues of a sunset. How can I improve my sunset (and sunrise) photos? There are several techniques you can use to elevate your sunset and sunrise photos. Experiment with different lenses and focal lengths, use a tripod and shutter release for steady shots, and explore graduated neutral-density filters to balance exposures. Get creative with compositions by playing with silhouettes, mist, low-hanging fog, starbursts, and bracketing shots for multiple exposures. Using fill light for foreground elements can add depth and ensure proper exposure. What tools should I have for planning sunset photos? Proper planning is crucial for capturing stunning sunset photos. Make sure you have the right photography equipment, including a high-quality camera, tripod, and related accessories. Scout for the perfect location with an unobstructed view of the horizon and interesting foreground elements. Check the weather forecast and plan your shoot accordingly. Also, be prepared with extra batteries and memory cards. Can these tips be applied to sunrise photography as well? Yes, the tips and techniques mentioned can be applied to both sunrise and sunset photography. The golden hour light during sunrise offers similar qualities to the evening sunset light, providing you with opportunities to capture stunning photos at both times of the day. How can I enhance my sunset shots with Lightroom presets? Lightroom presets specifically designed for golden hour and sunset photography can enhance the warm tones, create a soft and dreamy look, highlight specific colors, or provide a cinematic feel to your sunset shots. Experiment with different presets to find the ones that best suit your style and desired aesthetic. What techniques can I use to work with sunset colors and tones? To work with sunset colors effectively, understand color temperature and use white balance adjustments to enhance warm hues. Consider using polarizing filters to deepen colors and increase contrast. Experiment with different editing techniques such as adjusting exposure, saturation, and color grading to achieve the desired look for your sunset photos. How can I capture breathtaking sunset photos? Capturing stunning sunset photos requires understanding how the atmosphere affects light and color, the best weather conditions, the right camera settings, and proper planning. By applying these tips and techniques, experimenting with different compositions, lenses, and editing tools, you can elevate your style and create breathtaking sunset shots. Embrace the warm allure of sunset tones and let your creativity shine in capturing golden hour moments.

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Take a deep dive into the dynamic world of finance as we delve into the intricacies of range trading. Uncover the strategies, volume dynamics, and indicators that shape this active investing approach. Join us as we demystify the art of navigating trading ranges and seizing opportunities in the market’s ebb and flow. Range trading, also known as trading within a range or range-bound trading, refers to a strategy used by traders in the financial markets. It involves identifying and taking advantage of price movements that occur within a specific range over a period of time. - Range trading is a strategy that involves trading within a specific price range over a period of time. - Traders identify support and resistance levels to define the boundaries of the range. - By buying near support and selling near resistance, traders aim to profit from price fluctuations within the range. - Range trading is popular because markets spend a significant amount of time in a range rather than trending. - Various technical indicators and tools can assist traders in identifying and entering/exiting trading ranges. What is Range Trading Range trading is often referred to as horizontal trading because, during a trading range, the price movement appears to be flat or horizontal on a price chart. This strategy is popular among traders because markets tend to spend a significant amount of time in a range rather than trending. Traders use various technical indicators and tools to assist them in identifying and entering/exiting trading ranges, such as volume analysis and price action patterns. Traders who employ this strategy analyse the market to identify key support and resistance levels, which define the boundaries of the range. By buying near the support level and selling near the resistance level, traders aim to profit from the price fluctuations that occur within the range. Mastering Range Trading: A Comprehensive Insight into Understanding and Deciphering Trading Ranges Understanding Range Trading Range trading, a dynamic investing strategy, involves the identification of a specific price range within which strategic buying and selling take place over a brief period. For instance, consider a stock priced at £35 with an anticipated rise to £40. In this scenario, range trading dictates executing trades within the £35 to £40 range. This iterative process continues until the investor perceives an impending shift beyond this established range. To illustrate, envision a currency pair fluctuating between £1.25 and £1.30. A range trader would strategically buy at £1.25 and sell at £1.30, repeating this process until the market signals a deviation from this established range. This strategy is particularly effective during phases of sideways market movement when trends are not discernible. Deciphering Trading Ranges A trading range materialises when a security consistently oscillates between defined high and low prices over a specified period. The upper limit often presents a resistance level, impeding further price increase, while the lower boundary acts as a support level, preventing excessive decline. This interplay creates a range-bound scenario, ideal for range trading strategies. For instance, if a stock consistently moves between £45 and £50, traders can strategically execute buy orders near the £45 support level and sell orders close to the £50 resistance level. This disciplined approach leverages the predictability of price movements within the established range. The key lies in identifying these support and resistance levels accurately, which can be achieved through technical analysis tools and indicators. Mastering the art of deciphering trading ranges involves recognising the signals of an impending breakout or breakdown. A breakout occurs when the price breaches the upper limit of the trading range, indicating potential upward momentum. Conversely, a breakdown transpires when the price falls below the lower limit, suggesting a potential downward shift. Successful range traders keep a keen eye on these signals, often using indicators such as moving averages and trend lines to enhance their predictive accuracy. In essence, understanding and deciphering trading ranges form the foundation of effective range trading. It empowers investors to navigate market fluctuations with precision, leveraging the inherent predictability within established price ranges. Navigating Range Trading: Unveiling Volume Dynamics and Assessing Market Trends Volume Dynamics in Range Trading Volume, a pivotal component in range trading, serves as a crucial indicator for validating patterns and determining opportune moments for executing a range trading strategy. Technical analysts assert that volume precedes price movements, and this holds true in the context of range trading. Validating a trend requires observing volume increases aligned with the direction of the trend. For instance, envision a stock exhibiting consistent sideways movement between £20 and £25. A range trader would closely monitor volume trends during this period. If the volume remains relatively low while the stock hovers within the established range, it suggests a lack of significant market participation. Conversely, if the stock approaches the upper or lower limit of the range with a notable increase in volume, it signals potential momentum and validates the viability of a range trading strategy. Assessing Market Trends Before delving into range trading, a critical assessment of market trends is imperative. Investors must determine whether the market is trending or experiencing a range-bound phase, aligning with their chosen strategy timeframe. In the absence of a discernible trend, indicative of a range-bound scenario, range trading strategies come into play. For example, if a currency pair shows no clear upward or downward trajectory but consistently moves between £1.40 and £1.45, it signifies a range-bound market. In such instances, a range trader would strategically place buy orders near the £1.40 support level and sell orders close to the £1.45 resistance level. This approach exploits the predictability of price movements within the established range, making it a viable strategy during non-trending market conditions. Assessing market trends extends beyond identifying range-bound scenarios. Investors must discern when a clear trend emerges, as it impacts the efficacy of range trading. If a stock or currency pair exhibits a consistent upward or downward movement, the potential success of range trading diminishes. Astute investors leverage technical indicators, such as moving averages and trend lines, to gauge the prevailing trend accurately. In conclusion, mastering range trading involves a nuanced understanding of volume dynamics and the ability to assess market trends accurately. Volume indicators aid in identifying high-probability setups, while a discerning assessment of market trends guides investors in choosing the most effective trading strategy. This comprehensive approach equips traders with the tools needed to navigate the complexities of range trading successfully. Strategic Insights: Exploring the Duration of Trading Ranges and Navigating Relative Risk in Security Selection Duration of Trading Ranges Examining the duration of a trading range provides valuable insights into potential market movements. Extended periods of range-bound trading often precede significant trending moves. Day traders frequently utilise the trading range within the first half-hour of the trading session as a reference point for intraday strategies. For instance, if a stock consistently moves between £30 and £35 for an extended period, day traders may leverage this information to make informed decisions within the first half-hour of the trading day. Investors must recognise that prolonged range-bound conditions can indicate an impending shift in market sentiment. Astute market participants closely monitor the duration of trading ranges to identify when trends may be on the horizon. Understanding the temporal aspect of trading ranges enhances the ability to make timely and strategic trading decisions. Relative Riskiness and Security Selection A security’s trading range serves as a reliable indicator of its relative riskiness. Conservative investors, prioritising stability, often prefer securities with smaller price fluctuations. Sectors such as utilities, healthcare, and telecommunications, known for their stability, are attractive to risk-averse investors. In contrast, high-beta sectors like financials, technology, and commodities may exhibit wider price ranges, presenting greater volatility. For example, an investor seeking stability may opt for utility stocks trading within a narrow range, providing a sense of security. On the other hand, a more risk-tolerant investor may venture into technology stocks, anticipating higher potential returns but acknowledging the accompanying volatility. Understanding relative riskiness also involves assessing the beta of a security, indicating its sensitivity to market movements. High-beta securities tend to have wider price ranges, while low-beta securities are characterised by more stable price movements. Investors align their risk preferences with security selection, ensuring a strategic portfolio that complements their risk tolerance. In conclusion, delving into the duration of trading ranges and navigating relative risk in security selection provides a holistic approach to successful trading. Recognising the temporal patterns of range-bound conditions and making informed choices based on relative riskiness enhances investors’ ability to adapt to market dynamics effectively. Successful Range Trading: Leveraging Volume Indicators for Breakouts and Identifying Top Tools for Range-Bound Markets Volume Indicators in Range Trading Volume stands as one of the most critical elements in the realm of range trading, acting as a guiding force for investors. Technical analysts firmly believe that volume precedes price, making it a cornerstone for qualifying high-probability setups in range trading strategies. During ideal range setups, volume tends to decrease as the price approaches support or resistance levels, increasing after bouncing from these levels. This dynamic interaction with volume helps assess whether a price movement is substantiated by market conviction. For instance, envision a currency pair trading in a range between £1.30 and £1.35. A range trader would closely monitor volume trends during this period. If the price nears the £1.30 support level, and volume decreases, it suggests a lack of conviction in the downward movement. Conversely, if the price bounces off the support level with a notable increase in volume, it signals potential strength in the upward movement, validating the support level. Validating Breakouts with Volume Indicators When a stock breaks through or falls below its trading range, the accompanying volume provides crucial insights into the reliability of the breakout or breakdown. A breakout, where the price surpasses the upper limit of the trading range, is considered valid when accompanied by substantial volume. This indicates widespread participation by traders and investors, affirming the strength of the upward momentum. Contrastingly, if the levels are breached with low volume, it suggests a potential false breakout. Range traders, attuned to volume indicators, can discern whether the breakout is substantiated by market conviction or if it’s a transient movement within the range. This strategic use of volume indicators enhances the precision of range trading decisions. Top Volume Indicators for Range-Bound Markets Navigating range-bound markets demands the utilisation of the most effective volume indicators. On Balance Volume (OBV), Volume Price Trend (VPT), Accumulation/Distribution, and Negative Volume Index (NVI) emerge as top tools for range traders. These indicators offer nuanced insights into market dynamics, aiding traders in identifying potential breakouts, breakdowns, and confirming the validity of price movements within established ranges. For instance, a range trader employing OBV might observe the volume trend as a stock approaches the resistance level within its trading range. If the OBV shows a steady increase, it signals strong buying interest, potentially confirming an imminent breakout. In conclusion, mastering range trading involves a strategic understanding of volume indicators. These indicators not only assist in qualifying high-probability setups but also play a pivotal role in validating breakouts and breakdowns within trading ranges. Armed with top volume indicators, range traders can navigate market fluctuations with precision, enhancing the effectiveness of their trading strategies. The Concept of a Trading Range A trading range is the difference between the high and low prices in a given trading period. It occurs when a security or market trades between consistent high and low prices over a period of time. The top of the trading range provides price resistance, while the bottom of the trading range offers price support. Traders often look at the duration of a trading range to identify potential breakout or breakdown opportunities. Day traders commonly use the trading range of the first half-hour of the trading session as a reference point for their intraday strategies. Understanding Support and Resistance in a Trading Range Support and resistance are key concepts within a trading range. Support refers to the price level at which buying pressure is strong enough to prevent a security’s price from declining further, leading to a potential bounce or reversal. On the other hand, resistance represents the price level at which selling pressure is strong enough to prevent a security’s price from rising further, potentially causing a pullback or reversal. “Support and resistance levels are like the boundaries of a trading range. Traders often focus on these levels as they can indicate potential turning points and opportunities for profit-taking or entry.” Traders use technical analysis, chart patterns, and indicators to identify support and resistance levels within a trading range. By studying historical price data and market trends, traders can anticipate price movements and make informed trading decisions. Identifying Breakouts and Breakdowns within a Trading Range Breakouts and breakdowns can occur within a trading range when the price surpasses a support or resistance level, indicating a potential change in trend. Breakouts occur when the price moves above the resistance level, potentially signaling a bullish trend and offering a buying opportunity. Breakdowns, on the other hand, happen when the price falls below the support level, potentially suggesting a bearish trend and providing a selling opportunity. Traders often use volume and momentum indicators to confirm breakouts or breakdowns within a trading range. High trading volume and strong momentum can provide additional validation for a potential trend reversal or continuation. Trading Periods and Range Identification The duration of a trading range can vary depending on the market and the time frame being analysed. Traders commonly use different trading periods to identify range-bound markets and potential trading opportunities. For example, day traders often focus on shorter time frames, such as intraday charts, to capture smaller price movements within the trading range. Here is an example of a trading period breakdown: |Typical Range Duration |1-minute, 5-minute, 15-minute |A few hours to a day |1-hour, 4-hour, daily |A few days to a few weeks |Several weeks to months Traders must adapt their trading strategies and time frames based on the duration of the trading range to effectively capitalise on range-bound markets. Range Trading Strategies Range-bound trading is a popular strategy among traders for identifying and capitalising on stocks or markets that trade within price channels. This strategy involves buying a security near the lower support trendline and selling it near the upper resistance trendline. Traders rely on a range of technical indicators to confirm overbought or oversold conditions within the trading range, enhancing their decision-making process. Technical indicators play a crucial role in range trading strategies. Here are some commonly used indicators: - Relative Strength Index (RSI): The RSI helps traders identify when a security or market is overbought or oversold within a trading range. It provides valuable insight into potential reversals and can act as a confirmation signal for entry or exit points. - Stochastic Oscillator: This indicator compares a security’s closing price to its price range over a specified period. It highlights overbought and oversold conditions, allowing traders to make informed decisions within the trading range. - Commodity Channel Index (CCI): The CCI measures a security’s deviation from its average price. It helps traders identify potential market reversals and overbought/oversold conditions, providing additional confirmation for range trading strategies. It’s worth noting that breakouts and breakdowns from the trading range can also present lucrative trading opportunities. Confirmation from volume and price action indicators can help traders determine whether a breakout or breakdown is legitimate. “Range-bound trading is an effective strategy for traders looking to profit from price movements within specific boundaries. By combining technical indicators and confirming breakout or breakdown opportunities, traders can enhance their range trading strategies.” Range Trading vs Trend Trading Range trading and trend trading are two distinct strategies employed by traders to navigate the financial markets. Each approach aims to capture profits in different market conditions. Understanding the differences between range and trend trading is crucial for traders to effectively identify and capitalise on profitable opportunities. Range trading focuses on trading within a defined range, taking advantage of price movements between support and resistance levels. Traders look for securities or markets that consistently trade within a specific range over a period of time. The goal is to buy near the support level and sell near the resistance level, profiting from the regular price fluctuations within the range. Range trading is suited for markets that lack a clear trend and instead exhibit sideways price action. Trend trading, on the other hand, seeks to profit from sustained price movements in a single direction. Traders identify and ride the momentum of a prevailing trend, aiming to capitalise on larger, extended price moves. Trend traders typically enter positions in the direction of the trend and hold them until the trend shows signs of reversing. This strategy is well-suited for markets with clear and dominant price trends. Identifying Range-Bound Markets Identifying range-bound markets is a crucial aspect of range trading. Traders need to determine whether a security or market is displaying characteristics of a trading range or a trending market. There are several indicators and techniques that traders can use to identify range-bound markets: - Support and Resistance Levels: Range-bound markets exhibit consistent support and resistance levels, with prices bouncing off these levels multiple times. - Technical Indicators: Traders can use technical indicators such as the Average True Range (ATR) or Bollinger Bands to identify periods of low volatility, indicating a potential range-bound market. - Price Patterns: Chart patterns such as rectangles, channels, and triangles can indicate the presence of a trading range. - Volume Analysis: Low volume during price consolidation phases suggests range-bound market conditions. Range Breakout Strategy A range breakout strategy is a technique used by traders to capitalise on potential price movements that occur when a security breaks out of its trading range. Traders look for a significant price move beyond the established support or resistance level as a signal of a potential trend reversal or continuation. This breakout can provide new trading opportunities and generate profits. When implementing a range breakout strategy, traders must confirm the breakout with additional technical analysis tools and indicators to avoid false breakouts. Confirmation can come from volume analysis, trendline breaches, or other momentum indicators such as the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) or the Relative Strength Index (RSI). It is important to note that not all range breakouts lead to significant trends. Traders should assess market conditions and consider other factors such as overall market sentiment and the strength of the breakout before entering a trade. Overall, range trading and trend trading are two distinct strategies that aim to profit from different market dynamics. Range trading focuses on short-term price movements within a defined range, while trend trading aims to capture longer-term price trends. Traders must carefully identify range-bound markets, utilise appropriate strategies, and confirm breakouts to maximise opportunities in their trading activities. Indicators for Range Trading Range traders rely on a variety of technical indicators to identify potential entry and exit points within a trading range. These indicators provide valuable insights into market conditions and price action, helping traders make informed decisions. Some of the key range trading indicators include: Pivot Points: Pivot points are widely used by range traders to project support and resistance levels based on previous price action. These levels act as crucial reference points for determining potential reversals and breakouts within the trading range. Relative Strength Index (RSI): The RSI is a popular momentum oscillator that measures the strength and speed of price movements. Traders use the RSI to identify overbought and oversold conditions within the range. When the RSI indicates extreme levels, it suggests a potential reversal or correction. On-Balance Volume (OBV): OBV is a volume-based indicator that helps traders assess the strength of a trend. In range trading, OBV can indicate whether buying or selling pressure is increasing or decreasing, providing insights into potential trend reversals or continuations. Average Directional Index (ADX): The ADX is a powerful indicator used to determine the strength of a trend. In range trading, traders look for periods of low ADX values, indicating a lack of trend and a higher probability of price staying within the range. Conversely, a rising ADX may suggest a potential breakout or trend development. While range trading indicators offer valuable information, it’s crucial to consider overall market conditions and analyse price action. Traders should use a combination of indicators to fine-tune their range trading strategies and increase the probability of successful trades. |– Projection of support and resistance levels – Based on previous price action – Provides reference points for reversals and breakouts |Relative Strength Index (RSI) |– Measures strength and speed of price movements – Indicates overbought and oversold conditions – Signals potential reversals or corrections |On-Balance Volume (OBV) |– Volume-based indicator – Assesses buying and selling pressure – Provides insights into trend strength and potential reversals |Average Directional Index (ADX) |– Determines trend strength – Low ADX values indicate range-bound markets – Rising ADX suggests potential breakouts or trend development Benefits of Range Trading Range trading, also known as trading within a range or range-bound trading, offers several benefits to traders looking to capitalise on short-term price movements within defined price levels. One of the primary advantages of range trading is that it provides clear price levels for entry and exit, making it easier for traders to set risk management parameters. By identifying the support and resistance levels within a trading range, traders can precisely define their entry and exit points, minimising the potential for losses. Range trading can also be less stressful compared to trend trading. Instead of trying to predict long-term trends, range traders focus on shorter-term price movements within the trading range. This approach allows traders to take advantage of more predictable market behavior, reducing the anxiety associated with trying to catch trend reversals. This trading strategy is highly versatile and can be applied to various markets and timeframes. Whether it’s stocks, forex, or commodities, range trading is adaptable enough to accommodate different financial instruments. Traders can take advantage of range-bound markets across different asset classes and tailor their strategies accordingly. Furthermore, range trading allows traders to benefit from the majority of time that markets spend in a range instead of trying to capture infrequent trending moves. Since markets spend a significant amount of time consolidating within a defined range, range traders have ample opportunities to profit from the consistent price fluctuations within the range. |Clear entry and exit points |Offers defined price levels for setting risk management parameters |Focuses on shorter-term price movements instead of predicting long-term trends |Can be applied to various markets and timeframes |Maximises trading opportunities |Allows traders to capitalise on the majority of time markets spend in a range Examples of Range Trading Range trading can be applied to various financial markets, including forex and stocks. In forex trading, traders can identify currency pairs trading within a range and take advantage of price movements between support and resistance levels. By using technical indicators and analysis techniques, traders can identify range-bound markets and execute range trading strategies. Below are some examples of range trading techniques: - Buying near support levels: Traders can enter a trade when the price approaches the lower support level of a trading range. This strategy assumes that the price will bounce off the support level and move back towards the resistance level. - Selling near resistance levels: Traders can sell a security when the price approaches the upper resistance level of a trading range. This strategy assumes that the price will reverse and move back towards the support level. - Using breakout and breakdown signals: Traders can also trade range breakouts and breakdowns. A breakout occurs when the price moves above the resistance level, indicating a potential upward trend. Conversely, a breakdown happens when the price drops below the support level, signaling a potential downward trend. Traders can then enter a trade in the direction of the breakout or breakdown, with confirmation from volume and price action indicators. These range trading techniques can be applied in different market conditions and timeframes. It is important for traders to thoroughly analyse the price action and use appropriate risk management strategies to enhance their trading success. Range trading is a valuable strategy that allows traders to navigate the ever-changing financial markets. By understanding the concept of a trading range and employing effective range trading strategies, traders can identify and capitalise on range-bound markets. Utilising technical analysis, market trend identification, support and resistance levels, and proper risk management, traders can optimise their range trading strategies for success. One of the key advantages of range trading is its versatility. It can be applied to various market conditions and timeframes, allowing traders to take advantage of the majority of time that markets spend in a range. By focusing on shorter-term price movements rather than trying to predict long-term trends, range trading can be a less stressful approach to trading. Technical analysis plays a crucial role in range trading. Traders can use a variety of indicators such as pivot points, the relative strength index (RSI), on-balance volume (OBV), and average directional index (ADX) to identify potential entry and exit points within the range. By carefully analysing market conditions and price action, traders can further refine their range trading strategies and increase their chances of success. In conclusion, range trading offers unique benefits and can be a powerful tool for traders. By combining technical analysis with the identification of market trends, support and resistance levels, and proper risk management, traders can confidently navigate range-bound markets and optimise their trading strategies. Range trading refers to a trading strategy where a security or market trades within consistent high and low prices for a period of time. Range trading is characterised by price staying in a definable range over time, with both a support price and a resistance price. A trading range is the difference between the high and low prices in a given trading period, occurring when a security or market trades between consistent high and low prices over a period of time. Traders often look at the duration of a trading range to identify potential breakout or breakdown opportunities. Range-bound trading is a strategy that seeks to identify and capitalise on stocks or markets trading within price channels. Technical indicators such as the relative strength index (RSI), stochastic oscillator, and the commodity channel index (CCI) can be used to confirm overbought and oversold conditions within the trading range. Range trading focuses on trading within a defined range, while trend trading seeks to follow and profit from larger, sustained price movements in a single direction. Range traders commonly use technical indicators such as pivot points, the relative strength index (RSI), on-balance volume (OBV), and the average directional index (ADX) to identify potential entry and exit points within a trading range. Range trading provides clear price levels for entry and exit, is less stressful than trend trading, and allows traders to take advantage of the majority of time that markets spend in a range. Range trading can be applied to various financial markets, including forex and stocks. In forex trading, traders can identify currency pairs trading within a range and take advantage of price movements between support and resistance levels. By combining technical analysis with the identification of market trends, support and resistance levels, and proper risk management, traders can optimise their range trading strategies for success.

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Driving digital transformation efforts in your organization can be pretty difficult. Still, it’s necessary if you want to stay competitive and get access to new capabilities, and potentially new business models. In this article, we highlight the root causes of problems companies face, and tell you how to avoid them – based on our software development experience in the telecom industry. Let’s start with a look at the history of software development. It’ll be a pretty substantial analysis, so get ready for a long read. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IT industry experienced unprecedented growth. Hardware advancements were accelerating rapidly, with each passing year bringing faster and more powerful technologies. Simultaneously, new programming languages and libraries emerged at a staggering pace, opening up a world of possibilities for implementing innovative systems and applications. Programmers knew how to implement the applications that supported particular processes. However, these applications soon became tightly intertwined and interconnected. At that time, the options for connecting and integrating them at the technological level were limited and, as we would soon discover, far from ideal. This article delves into the IT world of the early 2000s, exploring the methodologies, architectures, and paradigms that ruled the industry at the time. The millennial programming breakthrough In the early 90s, programmers primarily used Fortran, Cobol, C, and C++. Some of you may still have an old Fortran system running somewhere in the server room that can somehow never be rewritten. Back then, people still used text editors for programming, and learning to code required… A book. In the early 2000s, the programming landscape was completely changed. Java, PHP, and C# emerged, along with IDEs (Integrated Developer Environments) and the wealth of resources offered by the World Wide Web. Software development was changed forever, with the object-oriented programming paradigm becoming the de-facto standard. Around the same time VMware emerged, mature versions of PostgreSQL and MySQL were already available, and IDEs Netbeans, Visual Studio, and, later, Eclipse were widely used. The change was tremendous. It allowed for faster software delivery and improved quality, enabling mid-sized companies to afford tailored software solutions. And in turn, that software allowed them to gain the edge against their competitors. Given the huge success, these companies decided to implement more software and integrate it with existing software. With all those breakthroughs, there was one thing that did not change. Applications were still built as monoliths, large, siloed, independent, and self-sufficient. With passing time and features added – they turned out to be hard to scale and maintain. We’ll explore that in detail later. Changes in the IT Industry during the 2000s More and more applications were implemented to support more and more processes. And these processes became dependent on each other. It’s noteworthy that by the mid-2000s, the exponential growth of hardware capabilities had largely stopped. Previously, processors and RAM capacity would roughly double every two years, but they reached a plateau around 2004, with speeds peaking at approximately 3,8 GHz. Afterward, the progress in performance was mostly through more advanced hardware architectures, faster bus speeds and, simply, more cores. However, not all applications could utilize more than one core at a time, and the capped single-core speed caused significant issues. In the year 2000, there were around 400 million Internet users. In 2005 the amount had more than doubled and was 1 billion. In 2010 the amount reached almost 2 billion. The number of users of banking applications, news outlets, search engines, corporate websites, CRM, CMS, self-care, sales, and many other applications also rose. In a way, all the applications of that time fell victim to their own success. The number of users continued to grow exponentially, and the hardware advancements slowed down. Applications were not designed for scalability, and the number of users and processes they had to handle soon exceeded the hardware’s capabilities. The software and solutions had to undergo fundamental changes, a paradigm shift was needed. Unfortunately, it would only come in around 10 years and will be known as the microservices architecture. The Agile Manifesto The Manifesto for Agile Software Development was a turning point in software development. While non-waterfall methodologies, such as Scrum, had existed before, it was the clear and relatable principles outlined in the manifesto that propelled its widespread adoption. The primary beneficiaries of the new development paradigm were startups and small companies. For various reasons, large corporations, responsible for the software discussed in this article, were reluctant to embrace Agile practices and instead maintained their reliance on the waterfall methodology. It would take another 10 to 15 years for Agile to be more widely spread to large corporations. Read more about the viability of such an approach in another article on the Pretius blog: Large scale Agile – is agile software development always the best option for big companies? At that time, there were two predominant patterns of applications integration: a database, and an Enterprise Service Bus. Now, in the 20s, the paradigm is to hide the database behind an API layer, but it wasn’t the case in the 2000s. So, how is a database an integration method? Multiple instances of databases, Oracle in particular, were able to communicate with each other via a dblink, which, from the point of view of a programmer, made all the tables and views, and procedures available as if they were in a single DB instance. It was very simple to configure and was very convenient to both programmers and businesses. All the systems had access to data from all other systems without additional cost! Sounds too good to be true! In truth, database integration, especially if you’re not using modern data integration tools, is, in my opinion, the worst, most troublesome, unmaintainable, and non-debuggable method of integration. First of all, let’s list the issues of implementing business logic on the database layer, taking an Oracle database and PL/SQL as a reference: - Limited features: SQL is designed to operate on data, and even PL/SQL is somewhat limited (compared to Java or C#) when it comes to some features and available libraries. - Limited testing and debugging: there is very little support for automated testing for PL/SQL code, it’s very difficult to mock only some data as the procedures are tightly coupled to database tables or views, and testing specific scenarios often requires dozens of database operations preparing the data and then clearing it; there is little support for debugging, viewing values of variables during execution, changing the code on the fly. - Difficult to read and maintain code: PL/SQL lacks the syntax of more modern programming languages; data access and business logic are intertwined. Quite often, data is stored in dynamic data structures with weak typing. - Difficult to trace side-effects: usually, the operations fetching data, performing business logic, and changing data are mixed, without a clear fetch-perform-update separation; with the inclusion of possible trigger operations, some logic in views or SQL queries, the particular place where a business operation took place is difficult to pinpoint. - Tight coupling: placing business logic in the database tightly couples it to the data layer, without any abstraction in between, which in turn makes a change in one place requiring a change in another, sometimes causing a cascade of changes. - Challenges in version control: SQL and PL/SQL are not well suited for storing the code in a version control system, merging and deploying the code on higher environments tends to cause issues; as the code runs on the database instance and not the developer’s computer it is very difficult and risky to debug on higher environments, as the code being changed is the code on that environment also ran by others. - Limited scalability: ultimately, the database resources are not well scalable and are subject to hardware-based limitations; PL/SQL lacks the level of support for parallelization that more modern languages like Java or C# have, not to mention the parallelization level that microservice-based architectures provide. - Inhibited segregation of responsibility: organizing the code into business and data access layers, separating domains, and introducing architectural boundaries was inhibited by a lack of support from the language and the tools required to write code in that language. Now, let’s list the issues of integrating via databases. - All the points mentioned above are exponentially more troublesome in this scenario; for example, while debugging on a local database was challenging, debugging code on a database you do not own and know is nearly impossible. - Extremely tight coupling: with no architectural boundaries and no abstractions, as every application is free to access any data or call any procedure of any other application, it is virtually impossible to perform a change that would be isolated to a single application. - Decreased performance: the resource cost of executing a query distributed over several databases is very costly; the more complex the query is, the more costly it becomes, often exponentially. - Data validity and caching: performance issues are often solved with materialized views or local copies of foreign tables, which in turn cause issues with data validity; caching is one of the Two Hard Things in computer science, which adds to the already extreme complexity of database integrated solution. By the sheer amount of points I made above, it should be clear that this integration method is unmaintainable in the long term. What’s worse, any attempt to overcome the issues of database integration seems to make the issues even worse. Companies that relied on database integration as their primary integration method often found themselves in a less favorable position. Migrating from database integration to more modern solutions is usually considerably more expensive and fraught with risks than transitioning from direct integrations or service bus integrations. On the other hand, there ARE some ways to mitigate some of the abovementioned issues. Despite the limitations of SQL, some abstraction layers can be implemented, and some decoupling strategies can be employed. You can also use additional tools like Liquibase to deal with version control and various other issues – my colleague Rafał Grzegorczyk wrote many popular articles about this solution: - What is Liquibase and how to start using it? Automate your database scripts deployment with this Liquibase tutorial - Liquibase for teams: GIT collaboration and easy deployment - Boost the management of your Oracle Database version control changes with Liquibase Enterprise Service Bus integration Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is the communication system that enables the implementation of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). Contrary to the previously described database integration, ESB and SOA are actually valid patterns and are still used in some Enterprise Architectures. By the mid-2000s, there were a few enterprise-grade solutions available: Sonic ESB, IBM WebSphere Message Broker, and Apache ServiceMix. There were also message broker implementations that could decouple services in a solution, decoupling services. IBM MQ and Tibco Enterprise Message Service were already available in the 90s. They weren’t full ESBs, just message brokers, though they could play the role of communication layer in an SOA-based solution. ESB-based solutions had many strong points: - Standardization: a central ESB introduces and enforces a set of rules like protocols, and message formats; with the introduction of ESBs, many architects defined data rules, like a set of ISO standards, Message-ID format, set of common fields, field naming rules, traceability/debug fields and more. - Loose coupling: an ESB was an architectural boundary that made systems unaware of each other, sometimes even modules of the same application communicated via the ESB in certain situations. Such an approach reduced dependencies, reduced solution complexity, allowed independent development and releases, and was even an enabler for switching a service implementation altogether without affecting other integrated services. - Abstraction: the service APIs were, theoretically, defined separately from their implementations; one could consider that aspect of ESBs as the groundwork for the later popularly adapted API-First approach. - Message routing: the same message could be routed to multiple recipients, some ESB implementations could also guarantee to deliver the message exactly once to each recipient. - Message transformation and enrichment: some business logic could be put into ESB to build a message from multiple data sources, conditionally execute some logic or even dynamically determine the list of recipients; this capability, however, was a source of a common pitfall of putting too much logic into a centralized and independent component, which made development, testing and debugging more complex It also had some disadvantages: - Single point of failure: the tool used as ESB was central to the entire IT solution; if it did not work, for whatever reason, no application could perform its function, and virtually no process could be performed. - Divided ownership: ESB implementations typically involved a dedicated team responsible for managing and making changes to the ESB infrastructure, which often introduced bottlenecks to the development process or made outages in some functional areas not handled with due haste; no team was able to deliver any feature without the help of that central team. This dependency overall reduced the agility of the company. - Entry threshold: using ESB comes with associated costs and efforts required to meet its requirements and adhere to its established guidelines. Overall the ESB was likely the best integration choice in the 2000s. Solutions that used the SOA pattern were at a good starting point for future migration to more modern architectures, including microservices and event-driven architectures. All these technical problems would perhaps remain a topic of discussion for programmers, if not for the fact that they directly translated into business problems. Let’s take a step back and summarize the most important business impacts caused by old integration standards and legacy technologies. Long time to market for new business products The complex architecture based on monolithic systems, interconnected by a network of many often redundant database links, causes the waiting time for the implementation of new products to increase, which in a dynamic market with intense competition poses a threat to the company’s revenues. In many cases, products enter the market late, after the release of comparable proposals from competitors, drastically affecting sales. The above is due to the scope of changes needed to introduce a new product. First of all, development is always required in multiple dependent systems. An important factor is the existing technological debt (resulting from similar problems in previous projects) found in earlier products, parameters “hardcoded” instead of configured. It forces the use of existing solutions and bends them for use in the new product rather than introducing new, more versatile tools that would better suit the new product’s needs. The whole thing causes a spiraling technological debt making the ecosystem increasingly unmanageable, hard to maintain, and highly vulnerable to failure. Moreover, the caches implemented to handle increased load also increase the data time to market. Depending on the size and complexity of the data, the caches need to be rebuilt from a few times a day to only once a week, during the weekend, which in turn makes some data have an extremely low time to market. A monthly report can be generated on the 3rd day of the month with no negative consequences, but displaying a product’s availability from two days prior can have significant business implications for the sales department and the company’s customers. The pressure exerted by the business team on product delivery dates was also significant: blocking debt reduction and introducing new generic products, further cementing an increasingly complex monolith. Implementing new products in a monolithic architecture is always risky and time-consuming. Because of the dependencies between systems with different integration methods, including database integration, all systems must be deployed simultaneously or one after the other in a specific sequence. This results in the need for extended production unavailability. Also, a problem in deploying one of the systems makes it often necessary to withdraw a set of changes and repeat the entire deployment. Due to the enormity of the enterprise, the number of such deployments per year has to be limited by grouping changes into so-called releases. This results in the business often waiting even longer until the product is in production and commercially available. You can mitigate these problems to some degree by employing CI/CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery). Below, I share with you a great Oracle APEX CI/CD guide written by our colleague Matt Mulvaney. Of course, you can search the internet for more in-depth CI/CD guides for technologies other than APEX. Also, the time of unavailability in case of a failure or critical error is prolonged, and its effect on production is more extensive than in the case of microservices solutions. Due to inter-system dependencies and the clustering of capabilities in large systems, often a single error causes the unavailability of many business functions, which can lead, for example, to the complete suspension of sales for many minutes or even hours. Building deployment packages Given the size of systems, even a minor fix that takes a few minutes to develop often requires rebuilding the entire system – the process of compiling code and building a deployment package can take more than an hour, which in the case of a business-critical system is a size that is difficult for the business to accept. Monolithic software is often boxed solutions requiring high license fees and extensive hardware resources. At the same time, the organization’s actual business processes use part of the system’s capabilities, which must be paid for in full. Even custom solutions prepared for a company’s needs are based on commercial platforms such as Oracle. This carries high maintenance costs related to support and license fees. Monolithic systems, databases, and large applications running on uniform servers are difficult to scale and it’s almost always impossible to scale them dynamically or automatically. The tight coupling of applications typical for such systems means any change to a single application requires a meticulous analysis of its impact on all connected applications. This often leads to a cascade of changes, making any modification expensive and introducing a significant risk of regressions. The end result is that scaling the technology often requires unnecessary additional investments in hardware and increases in license fees (when, for example, the license model is based on the number of CPUs). In the case of microservices solutions, open-licensed, open-source solutions are used in most cases. Getting rid of a large system that has been operating for many years and used on a daily basis is impossible in the current business landscape. The only sensible solution is a well-thought-out digital transformation, i.e. parallel building of a new system and gradual transfer to it. This requires a well-planned strategy. Now that we’ve identified the problems caused by old technologies and approaches, let’s focus on what you must keep in mind, good practices to follow, and decisions you’ll need to make while developing such a plan for digital change. The following information is based on our extensive experience with digital transformation projects in over a dozen of big companies, with a focus on market-leading enterprises from the telecom sector. Digital transformation efforts: Understanding within the organization The digital transformation efforts discussed in the article challenge the entire organization. The IT department can’t carry it out alone. It’s required to understand the goal facing the organization as a whole and the benefits that can be achieved through it. This understanding shouldn’t be limited to IT, Marketing, and Sales. Other teams and departments need to be on board too – most importantly business leaders, such as the members of the Board of Directors, who should support the process at every stage. In addition to the challenges it poses and the apparent benefits for product development opportunities based on IT systems, the digital transformation of IT architecture is also an opportunity for the entire organization to develop. First, it allows us to change how we think about the product. Products based on a digital platform can be more straightforward and more understandable, resulting in a better customer experience. They can be prepared to respond as quickly as possible to the changing customer demands, consumer behavior, trends, and competitive actions. The second aspect that can be considered with architectural changes is modifying how work is managed – a product rather than project approach. By dividing into teams, it’s possible to introduce agile product management, bringing small increments into production. Also, managing the road map and priorities across the organization can be more agile and responsive to current needs. It also provides an excellent opportunity to abandon ideas and products that are not promising at a relatively early stage of their development, reducing the cost of failure significantly. The most important thing, however, is a change in mindset. A microservice architecture combined with agile management makes it possible to bridge the gap that often separates business and IT in organizations, putting them on two sides of the barricade. In the new paradigm, both sides should work together to develop new products at each stage of their development. Another competitive advantage is the tools marketing gets in its hands. It’s possible to create product samples, test products, or make certain features available to a limited number of users – all through flexible configuration and versioning management. Approaching the new architecture: API first If we talk about such advantages of digital (microservice) architecture as the independence of component development by independent teams, we have to make one conscious decision. We base the design of the new architecture solely on the API. We decide what components with such capabilities will be created and what business objects they manage. On this basis, we prepare the API definition of these components. The domain model of business-managed entities boils down to the definition of individual APIs of modules like Customer Management, Product Catalog, Product Inventory, and Document Management. The internal structure of the module data model, the implementation of the business logic, and the interior architecture of the modules are left to the discretion of the module developers. It’s only necessary that the modules meet specific non-functional requirements that will allow for unified module management, scalability, or deployment on the same runtime platforms. Order of decoupling When creating a staggered strategy divided into digital transformation stages, it’s essential to determine the order in which capabilities or objects will be decoupled from the monolith and implemented as independent modules or microservices with well-defined APIs. The best approach is to arrange the product roadmap so that you can implement some new products based primarily on new components. The ideal solution would be to base a new product solely on new components. However, this isn’t possible. It’s necessary to separate elements critical to the new product’s operation. Undoubtedly, such modules could be: - Product catalog – where the product configuration will be maintained - Order Inventory – a module responsible for storing information about orders for the activation of a given product - Product Inventory – the module responsible for storing information about current customer’s products and their parameters. Depending on the method of product delivery and activation is possible to try to implement: - A logistics module - Gateways for communication with partners responsible for maintaining the product Building Order Management is a complex task, so at the first stage, you can consider that the existing solutions can process orders from Order Inventory or build a simple Order Manager that can initially process one type of order for only this new product. Subsequent products should be chosen in such a way that when they are introduced, new components are deployed, pulling the following capabilities out of the monolith. After building a sufficiently complex architecture, you can consider migrating old products from legacy. We discuss this matter later in the article. The advantages of this approach are: - Work on the new architecture is linked to product development There are no dedicated technical projects, which are often very low-prioritized in the organization - New architecture elements go straight into production and are subject to verification, development, and debugging process – they do not age out - The organization will quickly see the benefits of transformation, and individual stakeholders and sponsors in the organization will know that it is worth investing in transformation - Unnecessary modules and functions will not be created (in traditional boxed solutions, there can be up to 70% of unused or rarely used capabilities) - It’ll be easier to define new needs or notice the opportunities that the new architecture provides and use this advantage already at the design/development stage of business products in marketing The “new” architecture components should communicate with the rest of the IT ecosystem in the same standardized way through APIs. Therefore, for the functions necessary for the operation of the product still located on the side of the legacy monolith, you need to prepare an API that will “cover” the old interfaces making the required functions available to the new architecture (e.g., Customer management – CRM software, billing). From the point of view of the new components, the entire ecosystem will be available through a standardized API. You can also think about communication in the other direction. The legacy systems being developed during the early stage of the transformation should use the new components through APIs instead of their counterparts from the legacy world. This will make it easier to switch them off/transform them to the new architecture later. Given the above approach to the new architecture being built, it’s possible to develop simpler products that don’t require many integrations or management of many resources. However, for the transformation to be successful at some point, when the digital architecture is mature enough (but still incomplete), a decision must be made to stop the development of legacy systems. This means that from that point on, all new products, regardless of their type and complexity, will be developed exclusively within the microservice architecture. This has a significant impact on a business and product roadmap, but it’s essential to the venture’s success. Since the implementation of such products may require the creation of microservices of greater complexity (we are talking about billing, full order manager or service provisioning mechanisms), the moment for this decision should be well-timed – so that there is time to prepare the relevant modules and implement them in production properly. This may cause some downtime in delivering new products to the market, so this decision must be a compromise between the IT, Marketing, and Sales departments – they need to make it together. Despite the possible pressure, it’s essential to avoid creating exceptions to the rule later. It may be that specific systems will remain legacy forever, due to their complexity (ERP, for example). In that case, be sure to cover their APIs as much as possible and eliminate all dependencies and integrations outside the APIs (e.g. database) with other elements of the architecture. The pros and cons of this approach should be weighed each time. Digital technologies and the migration of legacy products To complete the transformation process and turn off legacy systems, in the final step, you need to “get rid” of products supported on the legacy side. There are several ways to do this: - Preparation of a new version of equivalent products, easier to implement on the new architecture and more modern, and an attempt to get customers to migrate consciously - Preparation of equivalent products on the new architecture with the same or better parameters and carrying out a technical migration without changing the commercial arrangements with the Customer (from the Client’s point of view, it should be the same product/service) - For products that cannot be transferred, the only option is to wait until active products naturally expire and Customers migrate, e.g., as a result of signing annexes, extending the contract on new commercial terms Data sources/master system In the case of transitional hybrid architecture, it’s crucial to decide which system (legacy or new module/microservices) is the data master. Then design data flows and background data synchronization accordingly. This applies, for example, to customers when CRM legacy and the Customer Management module in the new architecture are running in parallel. API: Custom solution or a framework? Another decision is whether to design an API for your organization based on an existing framework of ready-made APIs or design our own API definition that better suits our organization and domain model. An example of an existing ready-made API design (framework) is the TM Forum organization’s Open API, which fully covers the domain model for a telecommunications company. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, and a proper analysis should be conducted before deciding. For the framework: - We get a ready-made API, reduced design time - We are in line with other companies in the industry, including service providers, that use this model. This shortens the implementation of services and generally establishes cooperation with their providers. - We get support and training in using APIs For the custom model: - The API we design better reflects our organization’s specifics, products, and processes. - If we need to extend the API, we don’t have to wait for the framework to develop. We are responsible for developing the API and expanding the model ourselves. - Custom API, primarily, is much simpler because generic solutions have to cover many exceptional cases that will never occur in our organization. Threats posed by the hybrid model A company’s offerings are often hybrid, convergent offerings – they bundle different products together. When dealing with a hybrid model – where systems from the new architecture and legacy work together – a situation can arise where products from the new and old architecture are in a bundle. This includes the source of product configuration (product catalogs) and order processing for such product bundles (order management). It is necessary to approach the creation of the product roadmap and transformation strategy in such a way as to minimize this situation. If it does occur, however, the solution should be designed so that the dependencies between these worlds are as few as possible and that these additional functions related to merging architectures can later be easily removed from the ecosystem without affecting the core elements of the ecosystem. Concluding today’s article, we trust that our insights into the challenges posed by legacy technologies, their underlying causes, and the benefits offered by emerging digital technologies and transformation have proven informative. Moreover, the practical advice and guidance provided, drawing upon our extensive knowledge, are designed to assist you in circumventing the most significant hurdles on your digital path. The problems we highlighted here are, indeed, significant, but they’re not unsolvable. Nevertheless, it is crucial to approach these recommendations with a critical eye, taking into consideration the unique circumstances of your company, business models, and projects, as every scenario presents distinctive factors to be considered. If you need any help with joining the ranks of digital transformation leaders, you can always reach out to us at [email protected] or using the contact form provided below. Pretius has considerable experience with digital technology and such projects – both in the telco industry and other fields – and we can use this expertise to the benefit of your company.

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The Christian enters the world of entertainment equipped with the knowledge of the clear biblical statements of God’s will. He then applies that knowledge to the decisions he makes in regard to entertainment. Picture a grocery store in your mind. There are many aisles filled with a variety of products. Fresh fruit, vegetables, canned foods, bread, cereal, meat, dairy products, frozen foods, soap, and numerous other items can be found. When we shop in such a store we need to be aware of certain things. These may include the price, size, weight, variety, brand, quality, and freshness. After analyzing all of this, we are left with the most important part of the shopping trip–the decision! We must decide which of the products we will buy. Our world is a lot like a grocery store. There are a variety of ideas (worldviews) to be considered. Those ideas can be seen and heard through television, music, movies, magazines, books, billboards, and bumper stickers, and other sources. In a sense, we are shopping in the grocery store of ideas. As Christians, we need to be aware of the products. We need to consider what is being sold. Then we need to decide if we should make a purchase. Most of us want to be physically healthy. Unfortunately, sometimes we don’t eat as if that were true. The same is true of our minds. We want to be mentally healthy. But too often we don’t “eat” as if that were true! Our minds are often filled with things that are unhealthy. This can be especially true of the entertainment we choose. How can we become more aware of the products and make the right purchases when we “go shopping” in the world of entertainment? It is our intent to help answer this question. A Christian is usually encouraged to think of God’s Word, the Bible, as the guide for life. Of course the challenge of such a position is found in practice, not theory. Living by the tenets of Scripture is not always an easy thing. And we can be tempted to think that God’s ideas are restrictive, negative, and life- rejecting. The “don’ts” of biblical teachings can appear to overshadow a more positive, life-affirming perspective. Does God Intend for Us to Enjoy Life? Think of a series of three questions. First, if you make the Bible your standard for living, do you think that means life will be dull? Some Christians tend to live as if the answer is “yes.” This certainly applies to entertainment. It appears that we are to be so separate from the world that we can’t enjoy any part of it. Second, if you wrote a song, a poem, a novel, or if you painted a picture, sculpted a statue, etc., do you think you would know best how it should be sung, read, or understood? Of course the answer is “yes.” It came from your mind and imagination. You “brought it to life.” Third, if God created all things and knows everything about you, do you believe He knows how to bring true joy into your life? Again, the answer is obviously “yes.” You came from His mind and imagination. He “brought you to life.” He knows best how you should be sung, read, and understood. And He relays that information through His word, the Bible. He wants you to enjoy life, but with His guidelines in mind. What is God’s Will for Entertainment? Just what are those guidelines? What is God’s will for us concerning entertainment? Before this question is answered, it is important to understand that the Bible clearly teaches God’s will for much of life. Too often we tend to think of pursuing God’s will for reasons that include such things as a particular occupation or marriage partner, and other such important decisions that are not stated clearly in Scripture. But the Bible frequently teaches the will of God for daily living in obvious ways. The following passages demonstrate this: - A wise man is cautious and turns away from evil, but a fool is arrogant and careless (Prov. 14:16). - Flee immorality (1 Cor. 6:18a). - Finally, brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, let your mind dwell on these things (Phil. 4:8). Obviously various types of contemporary entertainment are not mentioned in these verses. The Bible “does not endeavor to specify rules for the whole of life.”(1) Thus we are challenged to make decisions about entertainment based upon the application of biblical principles. The Christian must know the “principles for conduct: which apply here, which do not, and why. Then he must decide and act. Thus, by this terrifying and responsible process, he matures ethically. There is no other way.”(2) In fact, this process signifies our continual spiritual growth, or sanctification. As Hebrews 5:14 states: “Solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil.” Most of us probably don’t think of “training our senses,” but such a concept surely should be a part of our thinking continually. And the application of such training to entertainment should be clear. Years ago I had an opportunity to demonstrate the use of “trained senses” when I attended a heavy metal rock concert at the invitation of a sixteen-year-old friend. He was a new Christian then, and we were spending a lot of time together. He had entered his new life after years of attachment to a certain popular rock musician who was the main act of the concert. During the evening the musicians heavily emphasized the themes of sex, drugs, and violence, and the crowd of adolescents and pre- adolescents was encouraged to respond, and did. After awhile I asked my friend how Jesus would respond to what we heard and saw. His response indicated that for the first time he had begun to think about this form of entertainment–which had been very important to him–with Christian principles in mind. Perhaps the most succinct statement of Christian ethical principles is found in 1 Corinthians 10:31: “Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.” Can you think of anything more than “whatever” or “all”? These all-encompassing words are to be applied to all of life, including our entertainment choices. My young friend made this discovery that night. What Types of Entertainment are Evil? What types of entertainment are evil? A simple answer to this is, “None!” For example, the rhythm of rock music is not evil; television is not evil; movies are not evil; video games are not evil; novels are not evil, etc. Of course it is possible for some to claim, for instance, that pre-marital sex is legitimate entertainment. But the clear admonition of Scripture forbids such activity. And the underlying point is that sex is not intrinsically evil. The one who is engaged in such activity is taking what is good and misusing it for evil. So evil does not reside in sex, rock music, television, etc. Types of entertainment are conduits for good or evil. People are evil. People who provide entertainment and people who use it can abuse it. A basic premise of theology is that man has a sin nature. We are prone to abuse all things. As Genesis 8:21 states, The intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth. What About Content? So the Christian is free to make entertainment a part of his life with an understanding that evil resides in people, not forms. But caution and discernment must be applied. We must be alert to the importance of our minds and what they can absorb through entertainment. Perhaps we need to stop doing some of the things we normally do while listening to music, watching television, etc., so we can concentrate on the ideas that are entering our minds. We might be amazed at the ideas we’ll notice if we take the time to concentrate. For example, an old TV commercial says, “Turn it loose! Don’t hold back”! We may want to ask what “it” refers to, and we may want to know what is to be “held back.” Such a commercial is a thinly-veiled espousal of hedonism, an ancient philosophy that says pleasure is the ultimate good. Ideas are powerful, and they have consequences, even when they come from something as seemingly innocuous as a TV commercial. Consider the following illustration. Think of your mind as a sponge. A sponge absorbs moisture not unlike the way your mind absorbs ideas. (The difference is you are making choices and the sponge is not.) In order to remove the moisture, you must squeeze the sponge. If someone were to do the same with your “sponge brain,” what would come out? Would you be embarrassed if the Lord were to be present? Biblical teaching says He is always present. If we honor Him, we’ll enjoy life in the process. If we are using our minds and thinking Christianly about entertainment we will be more alert concerning content. All entertainment is making a statement. A worldview, or philosophy of life, is being espoused through what we read, hear, or watch. Movies, for example, can range from the introspective existential comedies of Woody Allen to the euphoric pantheistic conjectures of Shirley MacLaine. We are challenged to respond to such content with our Christian worldview intact. Are We in a Battle? We must take care of our minds. A battle is taking place in the marketplace of ideas. Entertainment can be seen as one of the battlefields where ideas are vying for recognition and influence. As 2 Corinthians 10:5 states, “We are destroying speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God, and we are taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ.” And Colossians 2:8 warns us: “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ.” What About the Conscience? The place of the conscience should also be considered. We must be aware of the possibility of defiling our conscience (1 Cor. 8:7). As Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 6:12, “All things are lawful for me, but not all things are profitable.” The believer who cannot visit the world without making it his home has no right to visit it at his weak points.(3) It is the responsibility of each of us to be sensitive to what the conscience is telling us when we encounter those weak points and respond in a way that honors God. Thus I suggest three steps in cultivating sensitivity to our consciences. First, we should consider what our conscience is relating prior to the entertainment. Is there something about what we’ve heard or seen that brings discomfort? If so, it may be a signal to stay away from it. Second, consider the conscience during the entertainment. If we’re already watching and listening, are we mentally and spiritually comfortable? If not, we may need to get away from it. Unfortunately, too often the tendency is to linger too long and in the process we find that what may have disturbed us previously is now taken for granted. Third, consider the conscience after the entertainment. Now that it’s over, what are we thinking and feeling? We should be alert to what the Lord is showing us about what we have just made a part of our lives. What Do Others Say? In addition to an awareness of the conscience, we may benefit from what others have to say. Perhaps the advertising will provide information that will prove to be of help before we decide to participate. Frequently ads will tell us things about the content and the intent of the producers. Also, we may find it beneficial to be alert to what friends may say. The things we hear from them may indicate warning signs, especially if they are Christian friends who are attempting to apply biblical principles to their lives. In addition, some objective critics can offer insightful comments. There are ministries around the country, for example, dedicated to analyzing the latest movies. And there are others that attempt to cover a broader spectrum of entertainment from a Christian perspective. You may benefit from subscribing to their publications. Of course this encouragement to consider what others say cannot exempt us from personal responsibility. To rely completely on others is an unhealthy practice that can lead to mental and spiritual stagnation. Each of us must be mentally and spiritually alert to the content of entertainment. Isn’t It “Just Entertainment”? Maybe you’ve heard someone say, “It’s just entertainment”! Is this true? The principles we have affirmed can lead to several common objections. Our answers to these objections can help us gain additional insight into how we think about contemporary entertainment. First, some may say that what has been shown in a movie or some other entertainment is “just reality.” But is reality a legitimate guideline for living? Do we derive an “ought” from an “is”? Saying that reality has been portrayed says nothing about the way things ought to be from God’s perspective. Reality needs analysis and it often needs correction. Second, a common statement is, “I’m just killing time.” The person who says this may be doing exactly that, but what else is being killed in the process? The Christian redeems time; he doesn’t kill it. As Ephesians 5:15-16 states, “Be careful how you walk, not as unwise men, but as wise, making the most of your time, because the days are evil.” Third, “It won’t affect me” is a common objection. Tragically, these can be the proverbial “famous last words” for some. Ted Bundy, a serial killer who was executed for his crimes, began to look at pornography when he was very young. If you had warned him of the potential consequences of his actions in those early years, he probably would have said it wouldn’t affect him. We can’t predict the outcome of our actions with absolute clarity. In addition, we may not recognize the consequences when they appear because we have been blinded subtly over a period of time. Fourth, others may say, “There’s nothing else to do.” This is a sad commentary on contemporary life. If that is true, then God has done a poor job of supplying us with imagination. Spending hours watching TV each day, for instance, says a great deal about our priorities and use of our God-given abilities and spiritual gifts. Fifth, young people in particular tend to say, “Everybody’s doing it.” It is highly doubtful that is true. More importantly, though, we must understand that God’s principles don’t rely on democracy. We may be called to stand alone, as difficult as that may be. Sixth, some may say, “No one will know.” Humanly, this is absurd. The person who says this knows. He’s somebody, and he has to live with himself. And if he is a Christian his worldview informs him that God knows. Is he trying to please God or himself? Seventh, “It’s just entertainment” can be the response. No, it’s not just entertainment. We can’t afford to approach contemporary entertainment with the word just. There is too much at stake if we care about our minds, our witness, and our future. So what should we do? Should we become separatists? No, the answer to the challenge of entertainment is not to seclude ourselves in “holy huddles” of legalism and cultural isolation. Should we become consumers? No, not without discernment. As we said in the beginning of this series, when it comes to entertainment, we should be as selective in that “grocery store of ideas” as we are in the food market. Should we become salt and light? Yes! We are to analyze entertainment with a Christian worldview, and we are to “infect” the world of entertainment with that same vision. 1. Carl F. H. Henry, Christian Personal Ethics (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1957), 419. 3. Ibid., 428. Henry, Carl F. H. Christian Personal Ethics (Chapter 18). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker,1957. Lawhead, Stephen R. Rock of This Age: The Real & Imagined Dangers of Rock Music. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1987. ___Turn Back the Night: A Christian Response to Popular Culture. Westchester: Crossway, 1985. Medved, Michael. Hollywood vs. America: Popular Culture and the War on Traditional Values. New York: Harper Collins/Zondervan, Myers, Kenneth A. All God’s Children and Blue Suede Shoes: Christians & Popular Culture. Westchester: Crossway, 1989. Ryken, Leland, ed. The Christian Imagination: Essays on Literature and the Arts. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, 1981. Schaeffer, Francis A. Art and the Bible. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1973. Schultze, Quentin J., et al. Dancing in the Dark: Youth, Popular Culture, and the Electronic Media. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991. Schultze, Quentin J. Redeeming Television. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity, 1992. ©1994 Probe Ministries

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David Rose – Enrique remembers the musical Englishman Enrique Renard remembers the Englishman who became one of the ‘Greats’ of American Light Music A BUNCH OF HOLIDAYS – THE DAVID ROSE STORY It was in 1942, the year the USA had just entered World War II, that a totally unknown young jazz pianist brought to RCA producers a few light pieces he had composed. He played them in the piano, but explained that his intention was to orchestrate and record them with a full ensemble, including strings. The A & R people at RCA must have been impressed with what they heard, because a session was arranged to record Holiday for Strings, Dance of the Spanish Onion, Our Waltz and One Love. As everyone knows, recording techniques of those days were very far from what we hear today, or even from what we heard in the fifties, where the studios’ technological jump was enormous. However, and whoever that recording engineer was at RCA, he came with the idea of adding echo effect to the sound by slightly retarding the signal. The result was a novelty sound that added life to the dull sound recordings of the period under the primitive technology available. Nothing of the sort had ever been heard before in popular light music, not even in classical recordings. Everyone was impressed, and David Rose’s illustrious musical career was launched then and there. Columbia Records, always a pioneer in sound achievement under men like Goddard Lieberson during the 40s, had a remarkable recording studio called Liederkranz Hall on 115th E. 58th St. in Manhattan, NY, famed by its excellent acoustics. By the late 30s and early 40s Andre Kostelanetz used to record in that studio using musicians from the NY Philharmonic playing arrangements from popular tunes as part of the Kostelanetz effort to acquaint the average American public with symphonic orchestral sounds. His material was pop, but his arrangements were symphonic in that he used an 80 piece orchestra with a huge string section. He openly achieved his purpose… in the east coast, that is. In the west coast the first one to attract attention in that direction was David Rose. At the time, swing was in full blast in the USA spearheaded by Benny Goodman and his Swing Band, but the times, with all that nostalgic effect on wives and fiancées with their men overseas fighting a tough war, popularized sentimental music. Hence the enormous success of the Glenn Miller Orchestra, and that of a young skinny singer called Frank Sinatra. The romantic, sentimental quality of David Rose’s tunes and string arrangements, evident even in his faster pieces like My Dog has Fleas (1944), fit perfectly the mood of the times. But it was Holiday for Strings, a million seller, that brought him into public consciousness. Given which, he wrote several other "Holidays": Holiday for Flutes, Holiday for Trombones, Autumn Holiday, Blue Holiday, etc. (An aunt of mine who was a pianist, remarked after hearing Holiday for Strings: "It’s called ‘holiday’ for strings but the only thing you hear in it is strings!). Tune titles aside, the thing is Rose can and should be credited with having started Light Music in the western USA. David Rose was in fact British, born in London, June 15th, 1910. He was only 4 when his family migrated to the USA and settled in Chicago. By age 16 he was receiving musical training at the Chicago Conservatory of Music and starting to play piano professionally. His first contract was with the Ted Fio Rito Orchestra, but someone at NBC Radio caught his sound and in 1936 he was hired as a pianist-arranger by the network. By 1938 he was hired by the Mutual Broadcasting Service, in Hollywood, where he set up an orchestra for that network. There he met singer/comedian Martha Raye and married her. He provided the arrangement for her only hit, a song with a telling title: Melancholy Mood. He divorced Raye in 1941. The US musical scene suffered a crippling blow through a strike by the Musicians Union that lasted more than two years. But through that time, Holiday for Strings, recorded shortly before the strike, became a huge hit. The 78 carried Poinciana onthe other side with a slow, sensual arrangement that contributed to the success of the single. He then did for RCA a set of Cole Porter tunes masterfully arranged and featuring the same echo chamber sound that so distinguished his output. Those 78s were transposed into 45 rpms in a box set issued in the early 50’s, when 45s became popular, and later into LP. Both sets are almost impossible to find. He recorded Holiday for Strings, his signature song that sold millions worldwide, about six times, including an extended concert version he did in 1955 for a long forgotten MGM movie called "Unfinished Dance" but released onan LP called "David Rose plays David Rose", MGM E-3748, long out of print. But it was not only the sound per se that made his music sound "different". It was the way he arranged. Steeped in jazz since his early youth, he phrased the strings using jazz chords and tempos, enlarging and sometimes bending phrases and scoring the strings in several voices so as to achieve a sort of uniform sound particularly pleasant to hear and very apt in establishing a romantic atmosphere. Many of my generation of those days felt a debt of gratitude towards David Rose and his music. Our seductive efforts were amply rewarded when we placed a Rose 78 rpm record on the turntable. The problem was one had to get up too often to change the record, thus spoiling things to some extent… In 1941 Rose married Judy Garland, of all people! That an extraordinary ballad singer and the best ballad arranger in the business would never record together during the three years their marriage lasted is something difficult to explain. There were probably contractual situations that made it impossible, but they would have been a perfect match. Garland’s heartfelt style coupled with the Rose strings would have been something difficult to forget. But that perfect matching did not extend to their marriage. They were divorced in 1945. Meanwhile, Rose’s career and fame continued to climb. He was busily arranging for movies and he had his own radio show California Melodies. For that one he wrote one of his well known tunes of that same name. The original, seductive way in which he arranged old songs making them sound new and different, attracted MGM executives, and he was offered a contract to write music for movies and record for the label. At MGM, however, the main preoccupation was with movies, and Rose ended up scoring over 36 of these! Aware of his talent and his commercial appeal, MGM gave him the opportunity to arrange and record several LPs from American standards by Gershwin, Jerome Kern, Harold Arlen, Moose Charlap and others, plus his own compositions including re-recordings of the tunes he had done for RCA, all in a mood, seductive but vital style that sold very well. Above all, Rose and his engineers invariably aimed for the best in sound and his talent, added to the lilting sound of his arrangements, brought him a measure of popularity, especially amongst advertisers and broadcasters. Whenever they wanted something catchy for the public’s ear, they would use excerpts of David Rose tunes. A survey done around 1963 showed that at every minute of every day at least one radio station in the USA was playing a David Rose selection! And his music was being used as theme songs for 22 different TV shows! But despite all his musical talent and his success, few people would imagine that his first love was not music. It was trains, all sorts of trains! More than everything he wanted to be a railroad engineer! He owned what was probably one of the largest collections of miniature trains in the world, and he had a scale railroad track surrounding his estate in Sherman Oaks, California, with a train on it, of course. With his career well launched and his talent in huge demand from television shows as successful as The Red Skelton Show, Bonanza, the High Chaparral, The Bob Hope Show, The Jack Benny Show, etc., plus several movies and new LPs, he found time to marry once more, this time to Conover model and actress Betty Bigelow, with whom he had two daughters, Melanie and Angie. By the mid fifties, MGM engineers Phil Ramone and Don Frey engineered Rose’s tour-de-force album in keeping with his permanent fascination with state-of-the-art recording technology: 21 Channel Sound. This was one of the first recording efforts done on a multi channel basis, and the results were spectacular by any means. Especially a Duke Ellington piece called In a Sentimental Mood, and another by Bishop & Jenkins, Blue Prelude, represent two of the most extraordinary arrangements of tunes ever recorded in Light Music. For the occasion Rose used an orchestra comprised of 58 musicians (30 strings: 20 violins, 5 violas and 5 celli, plus percussion, reeds and brass), and the post mix phase (a novelty those days) was a painstaking process by him and his engineers. An electronic gimmick was also used which, in my view at least, detracts from the brilliance of the record: the music sweeps from one speaker to another, left to right and right to left. I feel there was no need for this in an album where stereo separation was splendidly achieved. Still, later on Ray Martin did likewise with a couple of LPs recorded for RCA in the early sixties in the USA. Then, when it was expected his popularity would wane under the growing impact of rock-n’-roll, MGM paired him with another talent: Andre Previn, then in his 30s. They recorded a set of tunes for an LP titled Like Young. It was so successful they were asked to do an encore: Like Blue. Previn was an excellent jazz pianist and arranger, and Rose used only a string orchestra for the sessions. Both albums stand as a shining example of light music with a jazz feeling. Shortly after, something more unexpected came up. The writer has never found anyone who can explain why Rose, a master of mood music, wrote The Stripper, a hoochi-coochi strip-tease song if there ever was one! But the fact is that the thing shot up to the top of the charts in the USA and even today there are people who know and remember Rose only for that song! Public taste is sometimes suspect. But we all know that. The success was of such magnitude, Rose recorded The Stripper a whole LP album of standards arranged in that style, and then a second one, More Music of The Stripper, to satisfy the demand!Well, one must admit the man had versatility.He probably wrote the song as a lark, without imagining it would become a hit. It is a fact that great musicians, especially great arrangers, will be imitated. Well… let’s say that some will be "influenced" by them. It is not merely a question of imitating that which sells well, but also of being inspired by originality borne in genuine talent and taste. Humoresque, a song written by Anton Dvorak, the great classical composer, was classified by my ears as one of the most trite and boring things they ever heard. And when I saw the song included in an RCA LP LPT 1011 (the first compilation of 78s by Rose by the label transposed into 33? rpm.) I couldn’t believe my eyes! There was nothing anyone could do for that regrettable song! I surmised. Boy, was I wrong! Rose picked up the slow, narcotic main theme, changed it into a fast tempo played by pizzicato strings, orchestrating the central motive in the manner of that of his Dance of the Spanish Onion, adding a romantic twist to it, and a dull song picked up life and beauty. That requires imagination, an outstanding feature in David Rose’s musical talent. It was inevitable that he would be copied. And he was. By the early 50s when he had scored well with some mood albums, he started to receive phone calls where all he heard was his own recordings being played by the caller. This went on for quite a while and he said it drove him nuts. He just couldn’t figure out who would do such a weird thing. Suddenly, in one of the calls a familiar voice came in. "This is Jackie Gleason, Dave… How are ya!... I just figured I told you we’ve been listening to your records. They sound wonderful…" Gleason was known more as a comedian than a musician. He had never studied theory, to begin with, and couldn’t read music. He was a good bass player though (he can be spotted as the bass player in the Glenn Miller Orchestra Wives movie -1942). The fact is he was a natural musician and also a shrewd businessman, as we shall see. Fascinated with the Rose mood sound, he decided to do something similar. He tried to sell the idea to Mitch Miller, A&R man for Columbia those days. Miller laughed at it. "Strings and a trumpet? Are you crazy? I have shelves full of Harry James stock I cannot sell! Take a walk!" Gleason did, and that was a major faux pas by Miller, similar to the one he took with Sinatra before. Gleason went into hock, got together with arrangers George Williams and Dick Jones and made them listen to David Rose. "I want it to sound like that…" he explained to them, "and I got Bobby Hackett to do the trumpet part". The thing was Hackett played cornet, that smaller kind of trumpet with the conic tubing that mellows the sound and makes it languid and intimate. In short, ideal for Gleason’s concept. Gleason went ahead and recorded a few tunes. Upon hearing them, the Capitol A&R people got interested and released the album Music for Lovers Only. It was a smash hit, worldwide. It sold millions but it was a bad imitation of David Rose. The thing was, however, that Rose included variety in his arrangements and a wide selection of different material. Tempos, colorings, fast and slow percussion and tone alternated brilliantly in his records. But Gleason understood that for wide appeal he had to play the melody straight. Average people simply did not understand nor musically relate to anything else. Add a romantic tone to it, and you got it made, he figured. He recorded over thirty "for lovers" albums, made millions, and he did change orchestration, sometimes even omitting strings (his best work, I think), but always playing the melody, and he got to be better known than Rose himself, who unwittingly gave him the idea. The 60s were the last successful decade for David Rose. By then he recorded again many of his first hit compositions, using now the better technology available. By 1970 he recorded a couple of albums in London for Polydor, Portrait and The Very Thought of You, the latter including one of the best instrumental versions of the Ray Noble standard that I have ever heard. There is no indication of any other recordings after those. I met David Rose at Epcot Center, in Disneyworld, Orlando, Florida, in 1985. He had been invited to do a few concerts with the local orchestra, a relatively small group (no more than 12 or so strings) that could not fully show his brilliance as an arranger. I found him to be a person who did not take himself seriously, humorous and funny. The only sad note came when he was asked why he wasn’t recording any more. There was a tone of sadness and frustration in his answer: "I don’t play rock n’ roll", he said. He was 75 at that moment, but one could sense he was still young inwardly. He was physically short, but a giant in talent. And his influence in all light music arrangers, including British composer/ arrangers such as Melachrino, Ray Martin, Stanley Black (the mood albums), William Hill-Bowen, Malcolm Lockyer, etc., was undeniable. The distinctive Rose sound reached a lot of people, but it was difficult for me to determine clearly my predilection for it above all other light music composers. Added to his taste and brilliance there was another factor I could never pinpoint, but that attracted me. Then, by 1973, while I was living in San Juan, Puerto Rico, for a while, I was playing one of his records and a neighbor heard and came to knock at my door. He introduced himself: "My name is Tom Schaeffer, and I am a professor at the local university here, and would you mind telling me what is it that you are playing? It sounds great". I said, "That’s David Rose, and if you wish to come in and listen please feel free. He did, and as we listened, he turned to me and asked me if I had a song called June in January arranged by Rose. I said I did and I played it for him. And when the strings were picking up the main theme with the typical full sound Rose got from them, Tom turned to me and said: "You know, Enrique, the thing with David Rose is that his was always such a happy sound! I smiled in full agreement and thanked him for identifying the main reason why I liked David Rose above almost all others: his music made me happy! It conveyed a bubbly feeling of happiness! And $3 for an LP was an insignificant price to pay for it. I didn’t pay only for the beauty of his compositions and arrangements. Unwittingly, I was also paying for happiness. Davis Rose died in Burbank, California, on 23 August, 1990, leaving behind not only the David Rose Foundation he set up in the 1960s, but a splendid collection of recorded music. His talented output was honored with six gold records and 22 Grammys. Not bad for a British-born kid who would have preferred to be a railroad engineer. Happily, he went the way of music to our benefit and listening pleasure. This article appeared in ‘Journal Into Melody’ December 2005.

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The Flag of the United States of America (foto tenor.com) HUGE INTEL!! DEREK JOHNSON: CORP IS DEAD! COVERT OPS! ART OF WAR! TRUMP COMMANDER IN CHIEF! SPACE FORCE! |I ve been asked to address the “Midterms” and assess those. I’ll also go live today or tomorrow as well for a full breakdown. The Blueprint does not change, ladies and gents. There’s a HUGE difference in talking down and direct. We have some terminology issues into today s society. I ll be your sippy cup all you want and break down questions and the operation, but stupid games receive stupid prizes, welcome to the Military way of thinking. MANY (NOT all), but many of you want a Filet Mignon from an 800 Watt Microwave. If you have NOT, do NOT, will NOT read the Blueprint of Laws and Orders put into place from January 20, 2017, to January 2021 (…) which some of those did not activate or go into effect until later (…) then you re going to remain in the dark on this Biblical, Monumental, and Historical Joint Covert Sting Operation that’s been taking place. Many of you simply do not understand or comprehend, or refuse to do either or, the Art of War or the terms Covert Operation, Strategic Operations, Joint Operations, Optics, paired with Laws, Orders, Regulations, from the Military and Federal Sectors. Then the flipside is, many (not all) of you who are awake or somewhat awake, are looking wayyyy too hard everyday trying to MAKE something happen based on YOUR timeline, YOUR schedule, YOUR definition, and YOUR wants, instead of understanding and comprehending this is an OPERATION NOT a MOVEMENT (…) this OPERATION expands Globally and it’s for the greater good of HUMANITY not select individuals and groups. World Operations take time. If you want a Filet Mignon from an 800 Watt Microwave, you’re never going to understand this, I m just spittin’ in the wind. And if you continue to watch “MainStream News” which are all being controlled via this Military Occupancy (Law of War Manual) via 47 US Code 606, OR if you continue to listen to “Veterans” who barely knew their own Branch Regulation Handbook much less the UCMJ, the Constitution, Codes, Titles, Statutes, Optics, and how to piece them together (…) then you’re going to remain asleep. These things take research, reading, studying, reading again, studying again, until it clicks like a mystery. Just because the National Guard did ’t and do not “Visually” jump into action the 8th of what YOU define as action does NOT mean anything is NOT happening. Just because the 8th on the ballot box didn’t go the way YOU thought does NOT mean the end. November 8, 2022, was NOT the goal or finish line. 99% of Americans do NOT serve in the Military. 97% never have. III%. It s even more of an ATROCITY many Veterans in the III% don’t have a clue what s going on. Eisenhower warned of a Military Industrial Complex. Eisenhower Farewell Speech Not only did he warn of such in January 👉🏻 17 👈🏻, 1961 (…) over the last 30 plus years (…) Soldiers join the Military to NOT go to college or other forms of corporations, while joining for steady pay, housing, dental, medical, college benefits, not only for themselves, but for their spouses and children. It’s in MANY of their heads, not their hearts. Thanks to the taxpayer, however, those are PRIVILEGES to service. When you raise your right hand, you swear in under Title 10, not any one of those in paper form. NO WONDER we look like what we look like when VETERANS have no clue they swore in under the SAME Title 10 that President Trump federalized the National Guard to Active Duty (…) For the 17th trillionth time (…) Military Law is separate from Federal Law. The Uniform Code of Military Justice was found a year before the Declaration of Independence and 12 years before the Constitution. Commander in Chief = Military Law Two separate Laws, Roles, and Duties. MANY of you ‘Giving Up‘ because 👉🏻 YOU 👈🏻 (selfish, complacent, lazy, all about you and your wants and results) didn t “SEE” something happen in the Midterms. MANY of you prove why less than 1% serve in ALL Armed Force branches. You must understand the District of Columbia has it s own constitution, seal, motto, flag, et cryrta. After the Organic Act of 1871, the United States became a Federal Corporation via 28 US Code 3002 and Stoutenburgh versus Hennick (…) which defines the District it s own “Foreign Territory” not a city not a state. It s almost like the saying, “What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas.” Well, the District of Columbia’s laws, orders, regulations, constitution applies to the foreign territory only by definition, but the cabal has disguised that government to many Americans to believe it applies to the whole country. It defies our Foundation, our Military Establishments in 1775, the Declaration of Independence 1776, and the Constitution of 1787. Marbury versus Madison 1803 made OUR Foundational Law very loud and clear. District of Columbia Government President Trump and the World Alliance of Generals are reversing the Federal Corporation. They are taking every single law, order, and regulation the evil establishment AKA the swamp created and passed for their narratives and agendas, and using it against them (…) making all of the evil players expose themselves to you the people. President Trump being crowned King in Saudi Arabia, walking into North Korea, stepping in front of the Queen, standing in front of ALL world leaders at the G7 Summit, and declaring Jerusalem Capital of Israel, were just a FEW of the OPTICS to show you the people, there’s CHANGE coming to the WORLD. It s a WORLD OPERATION. There s PLENTY of Optics and “Evidence” for you. You must be able to discern propaganda and agenda resumes from actual government. Bet you also did not know that Obama reversed the Smith Mundt Act of 1948 in 2012 which allowed Media to USE Propaganda as “News.” And you wonder why the US looks as lazy, pathetic, complacent, spoiled, and ridiculous as we do now. To have a United States Veteran simply taking, breaking down, interpreting, and placing together in a Blueprint ACTUAL Laws, Orders, Regulations from the Military and Federal Sectors that BENEFIT your life and well being, being SLANDERED, MOCKED, RIDICULED, and DEFAMED over ACTUAL Laws and Orders you can tangibly look up, but more specifically the Military Sector. The SAME Title 10 every United States Soldier has ever sworn in under is the SAME Title 10 President Trump Federalized the National Guard to Active Status (…) the SAME Constitution the evil cabal MISQUOTES, BUTCHERS, and TWISTS to fit their narratives and agendas, is the SAME Constitution patriots and Veterans like me fought and fight to protect and use the correct way which ONLY benefits EVERYONE not agendas and narratives. The Corporation is dead. But in order to reverse a 150 year old corrupt machine and invisible regime, it does NOT decimate at your pace nor does it do so without MULTIPLE people in steady and controlled operations without one heartbeat. It’s a LOT of Information via Laws, Orders, Regulations, and Codes from Military and Federal Sectors, and only a FEW of us can piece it together as it forms a Blueprint of how the nation is in a Military Occupancy outlined in the Law of War Manual plus Laws and Orders from both sectors. It’s an OPERATION. The OPERATION did NOT start this year and it did NOT end the 8th. We did NOT need the 8th for 👉🏻 Voter👈🏻 Fraud. This Operation started in 2016. There’s a Strategic Blueprint to the operation. The FINISH LINE is NOT and was NOT these 2022 Midterms. Once again, we did NOT NEED 2022 Midterm to prove 👉🏻 Voter 👈🏻 Fraud We needed the 2022 Midterms to expose the 👉🏻Governors and Attorney Generals👈🏻 who did not comply with the Laws and Orders put into place in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 via Executive Orders active from those dates and the Federal Resilience Act (Executive Order 13961). The whole Voting Fraud is simply solved by the Statute of 1845 of when and how we vote. If you cannot see that the whole Russia Collusion and “Voter Fraud” is and was an Optic to keep you distracted while the Militaries all over the world dealt with and have been fighting and CLEANING OUT money laundering operations for genocide, human trafficking, drug trafficking, sex trafficking, and child trafficking then NO ONE can help you. Another tactic of the evil cabal again to disguise their crimes. And 99% of you fell and have fallen for it. Our Law simply tells when and how we vote. Sure, there s fraud in voting (…) but when you understand the 👉🏻 why and the 👉🏻 how👈🏻 the cabal has used the cheating to place their pieces in place to do the dirty work around the world (…) ONLY then will it sink in. President Trump said on May 6, 2020, “This is Really the Worst Attack we ve Rver had. This is Worse than Pearl Harbor. This is Worse than the World Trade Center. Theres Never been an Attack like This,” Trump said at the White House on Wednesday. “And it should ve Never Have Happened. It could ve been Stopped at the Source. It could ve been Stopped in China. It should ve been Stopped Right at the Source, and it wasn t.” President Trump was the 👉🏻 first 👈🏻 to ever mention the word Corona Virus in his February 4, 2020, at the State of the Union speech. All months before throughout 2019, some of the evil democrat rats of Congress, threatened they had a “Nuclear Option for Trump if we need to use it.” Hindsight should be 2020 now (…) that “Nuclear Option” was Covid. The evil cabal chose their path starting in October 2016 when this Operation began arrests in which you’ll see in the 2023 Military Tribunals. President Trump used MANY parallels with World War II which are what we cal l Optics 👈🏻 in the Military. Covid was a disguised biological chemical attack on the world versus it only happening in the United States, to ATTEMPT to destroy President Trump and his legacy, but also from winning in 2020. But many of you are way too smart for politics, however, many still are asleep and it s right in front of them. President Trump declared 3 National Emergencies, one in Executive Order 13848 and two verbally March 13 and 27, 2020, that Congress Before the Federalization of all 50 states National Guardsmen, this Covert Operation would have required a PEAD which would have required a COG. Presidential Emergency Action Documents, or PEAD s, are secret, pre planned presidential documents that respond to national emergencies. While few people know anything about these documents, they are not as scary as they sound. It is just good planning. PEAD s are draft classified executive orders, proclamations, and messages to Congress that are prepared for the President of the United States to exercise or expand powers in anticipation of a range of emergency hypothetical worst case scenarios, so that they are ready to sign and put into effect the moment one of those scenarios comes to pass. They are defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as the “Final Drafts of Presidential Messages, Proposed Legislation Proclamations, and Other Formal Documents, including DOJ Issued Cover Sheets Addressed to the President, to be issued in Event of a Presidentially declared National Emergency.” PEAD s originated in the Eisenhower Administration in response to fears of the Cold War and nuclear war, and are part of what is often referred to as Continuity of Government (COG) planning. Signed orders for a broad scope of issues were drafted and signed by the president intended to be used to prevent disruption of government functions. Only a very limited number of PEAD s are public knowledge, and only through secondary declassified documents that mention them. Though there were academic articles and books discussing them since the 1980 s, explicit public discussion about PEAD s in the media did not begin until March 2020 when President Donald Trump said “I have the Right to Do a Lot of Things that People don t Even know About,” during a White House press briefing with Prime Minister Leo Varadkar of Ireland leading to an April 10 oped in the New York Times by Elizabeth Goitein, co director of the Liberty and National Security Program at NYU s Brennan Center for Justice entitled “Trump Has Emergency Powers We Aren’t Allowed to Know About.” Which is an OPTIC article. All of the Presidential Powers are in the Constitution, United States Codes, and Military Law. Though Optics, things like this are why I m about to pull my hair out and MANY of yours because these are LAWS and ORDERS of our system not opinions. PEAD July 2020, Section 4279 of the 116th Congress. Though they re secretive to the President, there’s PLENTY of Optics to show a PEAD was signed. For example, Democrats of Congress tried to pass to make PEAD s declassible and to “Limit the Powers of the President” or “Abuses of Power by the President” and all of the language proposed in it, though it did NOT pass, is very damning AKA ‘Telling on Themselves‘ or also ‘Trying to Cover their Asses‘. (…) Then pair this with President Trump s passing of the Federal Resilience Act of 2020, which was signed on an Optic date of December 7, 2020, (Pearl Harbor, remember his May 6, 2020, speech about the attack on the United States), which specifically says in Executive Order 13961 including the National Security Act of 1947, which created the National Military Establishment which created the position the Secretary of Defense (all Optics again), provides even more of a picture when you take all of these along with the other Laws, Orders, and Regulations of Military and Federal Laws and form the Blueprint of the Operation. In order to Federalize 1,000,000 National Guard to Active Duty, President Trump would have signed PEAD s and also had a COG in place. They wanted you the people to go about your business and act the way many of you act and make the comments you make for a while until they ran and run multiple missions with all kinds of trafficking clean outs, DUMB s, and implementing the new QFS System (Executive Order 13848 and Quantum.gov). If you don t believe DUMB s are real and legit (…) you’re the DUMBy all pun intended. The other thing that shows a COG in a different form is the fact that when National Guard are on Active Status (…) they are receiving payment as Active Duty. So, who s paying for it? President Trump declared 3 National Emergencies, one in Executive Order 13848 and two verbally March 13 and 27, 2020, that Congress FAILED to address, which is a Breach of National Security. Those unaddressed National Emergencies allowed President Trump to utilize Emergency Powers and War Powers of the President under Article II and IV of the Constitution along with the National Emergencies Act, the Stafford Act, Executive Order 12148, 13912, 13919, 13848, 13961, 10 US Code Chapter 1209, 10 US Code 12406, 47 US Code 606, but more specifically 13912 and 10 US Code 1209 and 12406 to Federalize the National Guard to Active Duty EXTENDING his powers as President. Title 50 Chapter 34 specifically states the President is the ONLY who can terminate a National Emergency. Those National Emergencies were not and have not been terminated. And until they re addressed and terminated, the National Guard are Active and orders have not been and will not be rescinded until those are addressed. Who declared the National Emergencies? President Trump. Who gets to terminate the National Emergencies? President Trump. The National Guard will be at Active Status until those are terminated. How do you know? The National Guard have been out of their states and the country EVERY single day since January 2021 to PRESENT day (in which I have thousands of pictures in my documents and phone showing so). The ONLY way they can be out of their state = Federalized. The ONLY person who can Federalize the National Guard to Active Duty is the PRESIDENT. That s specifically outlined in 10 US Code 12406. The SAME Title 10 that EVERY single Soldier has every DIED under or SWORE in under Oath to protect the SAME Constitution in the Oath. “I, Derek Johnson, do Solemnly Swear that I will Support and Defend the Constitution of the United States against All Enemies, Foreign and Domestic, that I will bear True Faith and Allegiance to the Same; that I will obey the Orders of the President of the United States and the Officers appointed over me, according to Regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. So help me God.” ACCORDING TO REGULATIONS AND THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE. Uniform Code of Military Justice = Military Law. The National Guard is a state based military force that becomes a part of the reserve components of the United States Army and the United States Air Force when activated for federal missions. President Trump specifically Federalized 1,000,000 National Guard for no more than 365 Consecutive days (…) in Executive Order 13912 (March 27, 2020) and 10 US Code Chapter 1209. Consecutive. Meaning rotations of units until Operations are complete which means when the National Emergencies are addressed and terminated in which only HE can do because HE declared those, Congress failed to address those, and because they failed their role and duty, HE had to Federalize them to Active Duty and use Emergency and War Powers of the President to extend his Power. Who was the President in 2017, 2018, 2020, and January 17, 2021? “Biden“ EXTENDED Executive Order 13848 TWO YEARS in a row now PAST it s DEADLINE. Why would “Biden” extend an Executive Order that has a NATIONAL EMERGENCY declared AND an Election Fraud Committee with two VERY important dates in there of how they would REPORT the Fraud? WHY would “He“ EXTEND an Order with a DEADLINE that was DECLARED TWO years BEFORE Covid and the 2020 Presidential Election in which the National Emergency was declared? Why not let the Order expire? The Order had an expiration each time in September 2021 and 2022. So, if “Biden” is President, why would he EXTEND an Order that has a National Emergency declaration and Election Fraud Committee? “Biden” has never mentioned the words Space Force from his mouth, NOT ONE TIME. President Trump ended the Air Force Space Program and created the Independent Space Force Program and declared it a Military Branch. Which is also ties into the Quantum Initiative in which he signed in Executive Order 13885, the National Quantum Act, which are both displayed on Quantum.gov. In August this year, the Army and other branches transferred ALL communications to the Space Force under ONE COMMAND. ALL communications are now under ONE command of the Space Force, in which once again, “Biden s“ NEVER uttered the words, NOT ONE TIME. ALSO simultaneously and parallel to Military and Federal Laws, the Blueprint is also backed by the Law of War Manual which is being run by a Military Occupancy to the tee. The November 5 (11.5) Article via Fox News SHOWING you the National Guard Cyber Security Teams being activated in 14 states allowed you to VISIBLY see and know the National Guard are operating. When they do NOT operate at YOUR pace and based on what YOU think should be seen does NOT mean there s nothing happening. Strategic Operations DO NOT work like that which once again proves why 99% of America do NOT serve and 97% have NEVER served. The 11.5 article parallels the 11.5 Law of War Manual. For the 18th BILLIONTH time (…) read it. Chapter 11.5 titled “Duty of the Occupying Power to Ensure Public Order and Safety.” page 773. There’s MANY more OPTICS and information in my documents to prove what’s going on if you ll simply read, re read, study, repeat. In September, the Ohio National Guard deployed troops overseas. The Article specifically says “Military Officials say (…)” If Biden was President, he would have ALL the SAME powers as EVERY other President (…) How come the Military does NOT recognize him? How come the “Commander in Chief Biden” isn’t mentioned in ANY articles deploying the National Guard anywhere? Why are the National Guard out of their states and the country every single day? They have to have ORDERS. ANY “Veteran” who says otherwise is a FOOL. The ORDERS have not been rescinded because the Operation is ongoing because the ADDRESSING to the Nation of National Emergencies have not happened because they have NOT been TERMINATED. Last I checked, the Commander in Chief is the Top Rank in all of the Military. How come the Secretary of Defense approved the mission for the Baby Formula shortage in May and not “President Biden?” (…) You know, the “President” who would have the SAME powers as every other President… Remember (…) the Optics of the Secretary of Defense above. You don’t have to like the Covert Operation or Military Occupancy (…) but it’s ALL in Laws and Orders and visual Operations, I cannot make you read or understand. With or without me, this World Joint Covert Operation is still happening. Are the SAME Military Laws, Regulations, Constitution, US Codes every Memorial Grave you see above (…) fought and paid the Ultimate Sacrifice for. We did NOT need the 2022 Midterm to prove anything nor was it the “Finish Line.” The signing of Executive Order 13848 in September 2018 TWO years before Covid and the 2020 Presidential Election wrapped around MULTIPLE Laws, Orders, Regulations, Optics, Operations from 2017 to 2021 from both Military and Federal Sectors holds ALL of the evidence and optics to show all that was needed was 2016, 2018, and all of the evidence of fraud before 2016. “We have It All.” Until then, it s an ongoing Operation. Until those National Emergencies are TERMINATED by the President who declared them and until the National Guard are back in their State Militia status as outlined in 10 US Code Chapter 1211 Section 12401, 12402, 12403, 12404, 12405, 12406. #READDDDDDDD Tired of reading the same Laws, Codes, Regulations, and posts? GREATTTTTT (…) because it s NOT that complicated. The GREAT thing about it isn t (…) if you’ll simply seek to read and understand what s in place (…) it s a Blueprint and the Laws, Orders, Regulations in place do NOT change! Military Law > Federal Law > Opinions > Slanders. “It s Better to Remain Silent and be thought a Fool than to Speak and Remove All doubt.” Rumor Mill News, Thursday, 10 November 2022. 20:00:22

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- Refund Policy: Due to the nature of the specifics of our products and services, we are unable to provide a refund on any of your purchases. - You are responsible for all your actions on SaaSWebsites.com. We can terminate your account if you breach these terms. SaaSWebsites.com (“SaaSWebsites.com”, “SaaS Websites.com”, “we” or “us”) offers various services to you, our visitors and our customers, through our website (SaaSWebsites.com), all of which are conditioned on your agreement to adhere to the following Terms of Service without modification of any kind. Your use of the Service and/or your registration with us constitutes your agreement to these Terms of Service. These Terms of Service are subject to change at any time, without prior notice. Any changes that are made to these Terms of Service will not apply retroactively and will not apply to disputes or events occurring before the change is published. You are responsible for reviewing these Terms of Service on a regular basis. These Terms of Service apply to all visitors and all who access our website or Service. Please read this agreement carefully to ensure that you understand each part. This agreement contains a mandatory individual arbitration and class action/jury trial waiver provision that requires the use of arbitration on an individual basis to resolve disputes, rather than jury trials or class actions. You affirm that you are either more than 18 years of age, or an emancipated minor, or possess legal parental or guardian consent, and are fully able and competent to enter into the terms, conditions, obligations, affirmations, representations, and warranties set forth in these Terms of Service, and to abide by and comply with these Terms of Service. In any case, you represent that you are over the age of 13, as this Service is not intended for children under 13. If you are under 13 years of age, then please do not use SaaSWebsites.com or our Service. SaaSWebsites.com is a library of screenshots and videos built to inspire UX/UI designers and product managers. All company names, logos, and designs (displayed in screenshots and videos) are the property of their respective owners. 2. Support Policy SaaSWebsites.com provides support services for its products to its customers. Support is provided via the SaaSWebsites.com Support Section in your member account, a direct support ticket system (email conversation). SaaSWebsites.com provides support for its own products and services only. We do not provide support for third-party products, companies or services. Our products and services are provided as is. By registering and participating in this Service as a member/user/customer, you agree and represent as follows: - You are of legal age and are otherwise capable of forming a legally binding contract; - All information you submit to SaaSWebsites.com or in connection with our Service is accurate and complete and that you will maintain and promptly update any profile supplied to us to ensure accuracy at all times; - You agree to be contacted via Email by SaaSWebsites.com, and third parties if relevant, regarding SaaSWebsites.com’ services; - You hereby grant SaaSWebsites.com permission to email or display your profile and such other information as may be supplied by you to us on or from our website as we shall deem advisable in our sole determination in connection with the Service or for marketing purposes thereof; - By using the Service, you are granting us permission to access your account and those messages, data, information, text, graphics, audio, video or other material posted/uploaded/transmitted to or through the Service using your account, solely in connection with the provision of Services. 4. Responsibility For User Content SaaSWebsites.com respects the rights of third party creators and content owners and expects that you will do the same. You expressly agree that we: (a) will not be liable for Materials and (b) reserve the right to review, reject, delete, remove, modify, or edit any Materials at any time for any reason, without liability and without notice to you. We reserve the right but are not obligated, to remove User Content from the Service for any reason, including User Content that we believe violates these Terms or our Acceptable Use Policy below. 5. Acceptable Use Policy The following is a partial list of the kinds of activities that are prohibited on or through the Service: (a) submitting Materials that are patently offensive to the online community, such as content that promotes racism, bigotry, hatred or physical harm of any kind against any group or individual; (b) engaging in activities or submitting Materials that could be harmful to minors; (c) engaging in activity or submitting Materials that harasses or advocates harassment of another person; (d) engaging in activity that involves the transmission of “junk mail” or unsolicited mass mailing or “spam” or harvesting or otherwise collecting personally identifiable information about Service users, including names, phone numbers, addresses, email addresses, (collectively, “User Data”) without their consent; (e) engaging in activity, or submitting Materials, or promoting information that is false, misleading or promotes illegal activities or conduct that is abusive, threatening, obscene, defamatory or libelous; (f) submitting Materials that contain restricted or password only access pages, or hidden pages or images; (g) submitting Materials that displays pornographic or sexually explicit material of any kind; (h) submitting Materials that provide instructional information about illegal activities such as making or buying illegal weapons, violating someone’s privacy, or providing or creating computer viruses; (i) submitting Materials that contain viruses, Trojan horses, worms, or any other similar forms of malware, (j) engaging in activities or submitting Materials that solicit passwords or personally identifiable information for unlawful purposes from other users; (k) engaging in unauthorized commercial activities and/or sales without our prior written consent such as advertising, solicitations, contests, sweepstakes, barter, and pyramid schemes; (l) using any robot, spider, other automatic device, or manual process to monitor, copy, or “scrape” web pages or the content contained in the SaaSWebsites.com website or for any other unauthorized purpose without our prior written consent; (m) using any device, software, or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of the Service; (n) decompiling, reverse engineering, or disassembling the software or attempting to do so; or (o) taking any action that imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on the Service or our hardware and software infrastructure or that of any of our Licensors or Suppliers. In addition, you covenant and represent that you will not use the Service in violation of the law or these Terms of Service. 6. Use of Third Party Services As a part of our Service, we may offer links to websites operated by various third parties and is not responsible or liable for any acts or omissions created or performed by these third parties. We provide such links for your convenience and reference only. SaaSWebsites.com does not operate or control in any way any information, software, products or services available on such web sites. Our inclusion of a link to a website does not imply any endorsement of the services or the site, its contents, or its sponsoring organization. 7. Representations and Warranties and Indemnification You hereby represent and warrant that: (a) you have all necessary authority, rights and permissions to submit the Materials and grant the licenses described in these Terms of Service, (b) the Materials are accurate, current and complete, (c) the Materials and your use of the Service shall not infringe or misappropriate any copyright, trademark, trade secret, patent, or other intellectual property right of any third party or violate any other rights of third party, including, without limitation, any rights of privacy or publicity or any contractual rights, (d) the Materials and your use of the Service shall not violate any applicable law or regulation or cause injury to any person; (e) your use of the Service shall not violate any agreements between you and a third party. You agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless SaaSWebsites.com, and its officers, directors, employees, agents, and contractors from and against any and all claims, costs, demands, damages, liabilities, or expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, arising from or related to (a) the Materials you provide or approve for publication, (b) your use of the Service, (c) your breach of these Terms of Service, or (d) any actual, prospective, completed or terminated service between you and a third party. 8. Disclaimers and Limitations SaaSWebsites.com intends that the information contained in its Service be accurate and reliable; however, errors sometimes occur. In addition, SaaSWebsites.com may make changes and improvements to the information provided herein at any time. THE SERVICE AND THE INFORMATION, SOFTWARE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH IT ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” SaaSWebsites.com AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS, PARTNERS AND AFFILIATES DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO ANY MATTER WHATSOEVER RELATING TO THE SERVICE AND ANY INFORMATION, SOFTWARE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PROVIDED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. USE OF SaaSWebsites.com’ SERVICE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK. SaaSWebsites.com AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS, ARE NOT LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR OTHER INJURY ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THE USE OF SaaSWebsites.com’ WEBSITE OR SERVICE OR WITH THE DELAY OR INABILITY TO USE THE SERVICE, OR FOR ANY INFORMATION, SOFTWARE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OBTAINED THROUGH SaaSWebsites.com, OR OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THE SERVICE, WHETHER RESULTING IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FROM BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORTIOUS BEHAVIOR, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF SaaSWebsites.com AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAD BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGES. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT SHALL SaaSWebsites.com OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOST PROFITS OR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (HOWEVER ARISING, INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU ARE A RESIDENT OF A JURISDICTION THAT REQUIRES A SPECIFIC STATEMENT REGARDING RELEASE THEN THE FOLLOWING APPLIES. FOR EXAMPLE, CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS MUST, AS A CONDITION OF THIS AGREEMENT, WAIVE THE APPLICABILITY OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE SECTION 1542, WHICH STATES, “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS OR HER FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM OR HER MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS OR HER SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR.” YOU HEREBY WAIVE THIS SECTION OF THE CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE. YOU HEREBY WAIVE ANY SIMILAR PROVISION IN LAW, REGULATION, OR CODE THAT HAS THE SAME INTENT OR EFFECT AS THE AFOREMENTIONED RELEASE. ERRORS AND DELAYS SaaSWebsites.com is not responsible for any errors or delays caused by an incorrect e-mail address provided by you or any other technical problems. 9. Payments and refunds After browsing our web site you may be interested in purchasing some of our SaaSWebsites.com services. You will be required to submit payment information to do so. To process our payments we use PayPal and/or Stripe. You must agree with their terms and conditions before paying for any of our products. Refund Policy: Due to the nature of the specifics of our products and services, we are unable to provide a refund on any of your purchases. If you think SaaSWebsites.com is wrong and you need a refund, please contact us and we will evaluate your case. Please note that each circumstance is unique and election to make such an offer in one instance does not create the obligation to do so in another. SaaSWebsites.com reserves the right in its sole discretion, and without any prior notice, to terminate your access to the Service for any or no reason, including your breach of these Terms of Service, the terms and conditions of any service for which you may have registered, or a violation of the rights of another user or the law. You may unsubscribe from any further communication from SaaSWebsites.com at any time by delivering a written notice using our support form which can be found at this URL: SaaSWebsites.com. You shall be responsible for ensuring the delivery of the notice to SaaSWebsites.com. You may also unsubscribe by clicking the Email Preferences link or the opt-out link in any of the SaaSWebsites.com emails. SaaSWebsites.com reserves the right with or without notice to you at any time to change, modify or discontinue any service or a portion or attribute thereof, or the offering of any information, good, content, product or service. SaaSWebsites.com shall have no liability to you or any third party should SaaSWebsites.com modify or discontinue any service or an aspect thereof. 11. Dispute Resolution Any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the use of SaaSWebsites.com’ Service, to the goods or services provided by SaaSWebsites.com, or to any acts or omissions for which you may contend SaaSWebsites.com is liable, including but not limited to any claim or controversy (“Dispute”), shall be finally, and exclusively, settled by arbitration in Vancouver, British Columbia, from which arbitration there shall be no appeal. The arbitrator shall apply the substantive law of British Columbia. To begin the arbitration process, a party must make a written demand therefor. Each party shall bear its own costs and attorneys’ fees. Any judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrators may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction in British Columbia. The arbitrator shall not have the power to award damages in connection with any Dispute in excess of actual compensatory damages and shall not multiply actual damages or award consequential, punitive or exemplary damages, and each party irrevocably waives any claim thereto. The agreement to arbitrate shall not be construed as an agreement to the joinder or consolidation of arbitration under this Agreement with arbitration of disputes or claims of any non-party, regardless of the nature of the issues or disputes involved. THIS AGREEMENT PROVIDES THAT ALL DISPUTES BETWEEN YOU AND SaaSWebsites.com WILL BE RESOLVED BY BINDING ARBITRATION. YOU THUS GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO GO TO COURT TO ASSERT OR DEFEND YOUR RIGHTS. YOU ALSO GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN OR BRING CLASS ACTIONS. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT YOU AND SaaSWebsites.com ARE EACH WAIVING THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE AS A PLAINTIFF OR CLASS MEMBER IN ANY PURPORTED CLASS ACTION OR REPRESENTATIVE PROCEEDING. Further, unless both you and SaaSWebsites.com otherwise agree, the arbitrator may not consolidate more than one person’s claims, and may not otherwise preside over any form of any class or representative proceeding. YOUR RIGHTS WILL BE DETERMINED BY A NEUTRAL ARBITRATOR AND NOT A JUDGE OR JURY. 12. Class Action/Jury Trial Waiver WITH RESPECT TO ALL PERSONS AND ENTITIES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THEY HAVE OBTAINED OR USED THE SERVICE FOR PERSONAL, COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSES, ALL CLAIMS MUST BE BROUGHT IN THE PARTIES’ INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY, AND NOT AS A PLAINTIFF OR CLASS MEMBER IN ANY PURPORTED CLASS ACTION, COLLECTIVE ACTION, PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL ACTION OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVE PROCEEDING. THIS WAIVER APPLIES TO CLASS ARBITRATION, AND, UNLESS WE AGREE OTHERWISE, THE ARBITRATOR MAY NOT CONSOLIDATE MORE THAN ONE PERSON’S CLAIMS. YOU AGREE THAT BY ENTERING INTO THIS AGREEMENT, YOU AND WE ARE EACH WAIVING THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY OR TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION, COLLECTIVE ACTION, PRIVATE ATTORNEY GENERAL ACTION, OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVE PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND. 14. Copyright and Trade Mark Notices © 2019 SaaSWebsites.com. All rights reserved. All company names, logos, and designs (displayed in screenshots and videos) are the property of their respective owners. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS STATED ABOVE OR TO ANY CHANGES MADE IN THESE TERMS, PLEASE EXIT THIS WEBSITE AND SERVICE IMMEDIATELY.

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Last Updated October 05, 2022 Prior Version Here - License and Account. - License. Supplier offers services (“Services”) for the transcribing, captioning, audio descriptioning, translating, localization, notetaking, and other processing of live and pre-recorded media, as described at www.verbit.ai, www.vitac.com, www.automaticsync.com, www.take1.tv, and www.takenote.co (the “Sites”), including software, interfaces, documentation, technical support, the Sites themselves, and the features, functionality, and connectivity provided through Supplier’s proprietary platform (“Platform”). Subject to Customer’s compliance with this Agreement, Supplier hereby grants Customer and its authorized users acting on Customer’s behalf (“Authorized Users”) a limited, revocable, personal, non-exclusive, non-transferable, and non-sublicensable license until this Agreement is terminated (the “Term”) to access the Platform to use the Services in accordance with the Agreement. - Customer Account. To access and use certain Services, Customer must create an account (“Account”) on a Site, as directed by Supplier. Customer shall provide accurate, complete, and current Account information and, as applicable, timely update the same. Customer is solely responsible for activity that occurs on its Account (which includes any sub-accounts), including usage via any interfaces or connectors to the Account, the content and submission of any media (“Files”) submitted for processing via the Platform, and for keeping its Account credentials secure. Supplier will not be liable for losses caused by any unauthorized use of the Account; provided, however, that Customer shall not be responsible for unauthorized charges on its Account where it took reasonable precautions and the unauthorized use was solely due to Supplier’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Customer represents and warrants that it is duly authorized to do business and use the Services in all jurisdictions in which Customer operates. Customer must notify Supplier promptly of any breach of security or any known unauthorized use of the Account. Notwithstanding deletion of the Account, Supplier may retain Customer data as reasonably necessary for compliance with applicable law. - Restrictions. Customer shall not, and shall ensure that its Authorized Users do not, and shall not authorize, assist, or enable any other third party to (a) transfer, resell, lease, license, or otherwise make available the Services to third parties; (b) use the Services in violation of applicable laws or regulations, including to submit Files comprising unlawful, infringing, libelous, or other tortious content, or in violation of the privacy rights of any individual; (c) decipher, decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, or otherwise attempt to derive any source code or underlying ideas or algorithms of any part of the Services, except to the limited extent applicable laws specifically prohibit such reverse-engineering restrictions; (d) alter, modify, translate, or otherwise create derivative works of any part of the Services; (e) interfere with or disrupt the integrity or performance of the Services or any third-party service via an interface to or from the Services, including by imposing an unreasonably large load on Supplier’s Platform or its service providers’ platforms; (f) submit Files containing sensitive information such as social security numbers, bank information, credit card information, or (except where the Parties have executed a Business Associate Agreement) protected health information; or (g) attempt to circumvent, disable, interfere with, or gain unauthorized access to security or restrictive features of the Services or related systems or networks. - Deletion of Customer Data. Except as agreed by Supplier and Customer in writing, Supplier may periodically delete Customer’s data from the Platform, including any Files. Further, data storage is not guaranteed by Supplier and Supplier shall not have any liability whatsoever for any damage, liabilities, losses, or any other consequences that Customer may incur relating to the deletion of Customer’s data. - Fees and Payment. - Paid Services. Customer agrees to pay for its use of the Services as set forth in the applicable Order; or, to the extent there is no applicable Order, as otherwise communicated by Supplier in writing. Supplier reserves the right to change pricing from time-to-time, effective upon notice to Customer; provided, however, that pricing for Services subject to a committed purchasing obligation (“Minimum Commitment”) shall be fixed during the term of such Minimum Commitment. - Billing. Except as set forth in an applicable Order, Customer shall pay in advance for the Services in the currency specified by Supplier, without the right of set-off, deduction, or counterclaim. Where Customer provides credit card information, Supplier may charge such credit card for all Services, fees, and charges listed under the applicable Order, including any renewals. Where payment in arrears has been approved by Supplier, invoices may be sent by email to the email address specified in the Account, deemed received on the date the email is sent. Payment terms are as set forth in the applicable Order; or, if there is no applicable Order, invoices are payable 10 days after the invoice date. Overdue undisputed amounts bear interest at the lower of 1.5% per month or the maximum rate allowed by law. In addition to any other remedies, Customer shall be liable for Supplier’s expenses incurred in connection with collection activities including reasonable attorneys’ fees. Upon 5 days’ notice, Supplier may suspend Services associated with the Account pending payment of past due undisputed amounts, and Supplier shall have no liability for any losses incurred due to such suspension. Customer’s credit shall be limited to the amount indicated by Supplier from time-to-time in connection with the Account and usage beyond this limit may be blocked without further notice. - Taxes. All charges and fees for the Services are exclusive of any country, province, federal, state, or local taxes, including without limitation, use, sales, value-added, privilege, or other taxes, levies, imports, duties, fees, surcharges, governmental assessments, and withholdings (“Taxes”). Customer is solely liable for and will pay upon demand all Taxes associated with Customer’s access to and use of the Services and shall not deduct any such amounts, or any other withholdings, set-offs, or deductions from amounts Customer owes Supplier, but will not be responsible for taxes based on Supplier’s net income. Customer may present Supplier with an exemption certificate eliminating Customer’s and Supplier’s liability to pay certain Taxes. Once Supplier has received and notified Customer of approval of the exemption certificate, Customer shall be exempt from those Taxes on a going-forward basis. If a taxing jurisdiction determines that Customer is not exempt from Taxes and assesses those taxes, Customer shall pay those Taxes to Supplier, plus any applicable interest or penalties. - Billing Disputes. Billing disputes must be initiated by Customer within 30 days of the invoice date, by contacting Supplier as indicated in the applicable Order, or a [email protected] expiration of such 30-day period, Customer may not dispute any fees paid or payable to Supplier. The Parties will work together in good faith to resolve billing disputes. A pending billing dispute shall not exempt Customer from timely paying undisputed amounts owed. Other than in accordance with the foregoing, fees paid are non-refundable. - Intellectual Property. - Files and Output. As between Customer and Supplier, Customer owns and reserves all right, title, and interest in the Files. Customer authorizes Supplier to copy, display, store, and otherwise use the Files to provide the Services and perform in accordance with this Agreement, including to deliver to Customer transcriptions, translations, audio descriptions, captions, and other output (collectively, “Output”) based on the Files. Customer also grants Supplier an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the Files and the Output to develop and improve the Services and Platform, including to evaluate and enhance the efficacy, efficiency, and accuracy of Supplier’s personnel and artificial intelligence-based technologies. Customer represents and warrants that (i) it has the right to use the Files and provide Supplier with the Files for all purposes set forth in this Agreement; and (ii) all Files have been and will be legally acquired in accordance with all applicable data protection laws and privacy standards. Customer is responsible for the legality, reliability, integrity, accuracy, and quality of the Files. Where a File comprises media of meetings, sessions, classes, or other fora including individuals, Customer is solely responsible to inform such individuals that their personal information may be recorded, transcribed, stored, or otherwise processed (as applicable) by a third party and used for the purposes set forth in this Agreement, and Customer shall be solely responsible to procure such individuals’ consent. - Services, Platform, and Supplier Content. Supplier owns and reserves all right, title, and interest in the Platform and Services and all improvements, modifications, and derivative works thereof. Customer’s suggestions and feedback regarding the Services are not Confidential Information (as defined below), and Customer grants to Supplier an unrestricted, irrevocable, fully paid-up, and non-exclusive right to use such suggestions and feedback for any purpose. Other than the Files and Output, all content made available through the Sites or the Services (collectively, “Supplier Content”) are, as between Customer and Supplier, owned by Supplier. - Confidentiality and Publicity. - Confidentiality. “Confidential Information” means any non-public information or data, regardless of whether it is in tangible form, disclosed by either Party that is marked or otherwise designated as confidential or proprietary or that should otherwise be reasonably understood to be confidential given the nature of the information and the circumstances surrounding disclosure. “Confidential Information” does not include any information which (i) is publicly available through no fault of receiving Party, (ii) was properly known to receiving Party, without restriction, prior to disclosure by the disclosing Party, (iii) was properly disclosed to receiving Party, without restriction, by another person without violation of disclosing Party’s rights, or (iv) is independently developed by the receiving Party without use of or reference to the disclosing Party’s Confidential Information. Each Party agrees that it will use the Confidential Information of the other Party solely in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement (including for Supplier to provide the Services) and it will not disclose such information to any third party without the other Party’s prior written consent, except as otherwise permitted hereunder or for Supplier to provide the Services. Each Party agrees to exercise reasonable care in protecting the other Party’s Confidential Information from unauthorized use and disclosure. Each Party may also disclose the Confidential Information of the other Party, in whole or in part, to its employees, representatives, actual or potential investors, and subcontractors who have a need to know and are bound to keep such information confidential consistent with the terms of this section. In addition, Supplier may disclose this Agreement under a comparable non-disclosure agreement in response to a third-party due diligence request supporting a financing or non-ordinary course of business corporate transaction. Either Party may disclose the Confidential Information of the other as required by law, legal process, or court order; provided that, subject to applicable law, it promptly notifies the other Party of such required disclosure to allow the other Party to seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy. - Publicity. Supplier may identify Customer using its name, trademarks, and/or logos in its marketing collateral, presentations, and websites, but Customer may revoke such right with notice to Supplier at any time. - By Customer. Customer agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Supplier, its Affiliates, suppliers, and partners, and each of their respective employees, contractors, directors, officers, and representatives, from and against any damages, liabilities, claims, demands, obligations, losses, fines, penalties, and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees) (collectively, “Losses”) in connection with claims made or brought by a third party arising from or relating to unauthorized use of the Services. - By Supplier. Supplier agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Customer from and against any Losses incurred in connection with claims made or brought by a third party arising from or relating to (i) infringement of third-party intellectual property rights arising from Customer’s authorized use of the Services, or (ii) violation of applicable law by Supplier or its employees, agents, or subcontractors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Supplier shall have no liability for Losses arising out of any combination, operation, or use of the Services with any hardware or software not furnished by Supplier if such claim would not have arisen had such combination, operation, or use not occurred. - Procedure. The indemnified Party shall notify the indemnitor promptly after the indemnified Party learns of the existence of an indemnifiable claim hereunder; provided, however, that failure to give such notice shall only affect the rights of the indemnified Party to the extent that the indemnitor is prejudiced. The indemnified Party shall not admit any liability whatsoever. The indemnitor shall be entitled to take sole control of the defense and investigation of the indemnifiable claim at its own expense, by providing prompt notice to the indemnified Party. The indemnified Party shall cooperate in all reasonable respects with the indemnitor and its attorneys in the defense of the claim (including by making available books, records, and personnel), and may reasonably participate at its own expense, through its attorneys or otherwise, provided that such participation does not interfere with the indemnitor’s defense. All settlements of indemnifiable claims under this section shall: (i) be entered into only with the indemnified Party’s consent if such settlement requires any admission of guilt or imposes any restriction on the indemnified Party, and (ii) include an appropriate confidentiality agreement prohibiting disclosure of the terms of such settlement. - Disclaimer. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS,” “AS AVAILABLE,” AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, QUALITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES IMPLIED BY ANY COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE, ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. SUPPLIER, ITS AFFILIATES, AND EACH OF THEIR RESPECTIVE SUPPLIERS, PARTNERS, LICENSORS, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AND AGENTS, DO NOT WARRANT (AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES) THAT (I) THE SERVICES WILL BE AVAILABLE AT ANY PARTICULAR TIME OR LOCATION, (II) THE OUTPUT WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, OR COMPLIANT WITH ANY PARTICULAR STANDARD OR REGULATORY REQUIREMENT, (III) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED, OR (IV) THE RESULTS OF USING THE SERVICES WILL MEET CUSTOMER’S REQUIREMENTS. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY FOR A CLAIM THAT OUTPUT IS INACCURATE IS THAT SUPPLIER SHALL RE-PROCESS WHERE FEASIBLE THE ASSOCIATED FILE AT NO ADDITIONAL COST TO CUSTOMER ONLY IF THE CLAIM IS MADE IN WRITING NO LATER THAN 7 DAYS FOLLOWING DELIVERY OF THE OUTPUT TO CUSTOMER. - Limitation of Liability. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, EXCEPT FOR VIOLATION OF A PARTY’S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OR CUSTOMER’S PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN NO EVENT SHALL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE UNDER ANY CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY WITH RESPECT TO THE SERVICES OR OTHER SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT FOR (I) ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, COMPENSATORY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, LOST PROFITS, GOODWILL, REVENUE, INCOME OR BUSINESS, DATA LOSS, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, OR COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS, TECHNOLOGY, RIGHTS, OR SERVICES (HOWEVER ARISING AND EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES), OR (II) ANY LIABILITY THAT EXCEEDS THE LESSER OF USD 1,000,000 OR THE AMOUNT OF FEES ACTUALLY PAID OR ACCRUED TO SUPPLIER IN THE 12 MONTHS PRECEDING THE EVENT GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM. - Suspension and Termination. - Either Party may terminate this Agreement upon 60 days’ notice, for any reason or no reason; except that any termination in connection with the foregoing shall not be effective with respect to and until the completion of any Minimum Commitment or as otherwise set forth in an applicable Order. - Suspension or Termination for Cause. Either Party may terminate this Agreement in its entirety (and, alternatively, Supplier may suspend Customer’s right to use the Services) for cause (i) if the other Party breaches the Agreement and fails to cure such breach within 30 days after notice thereof, or (ii) upon Customer’s or its controlling Affiliate’s liquidation, commencement of dissolution proceedings, disposal of its assets, failure to continue its business in the ordinary course, assignment for the benefit of creditors, or if Customer or such Affiliate becomes the subject of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy or similar proceeding. - Effect of Termination; Survival. Upon termination of this Agreement, for any reason: (i) Customer remains liable for all fees, charges, and any other obligations accrued and owed by Customer through the effective date of such termination, and (ii) except as expressly set forth herein, all of Customer’s rights and licenses under this Agreement will immediately terminate and Customer shall cease using the Services. All amounts accrued or owed to Supplier in connection with this Agreement and sections 3, 4(a), 5, 7, 8(c), and 9 shall survive any termination of this Agreement. Following any suspension or termination of this Agreement or the Account other than for breach, Customer may request any post-termination assistance that Supplier may elect to make generally available with respect to the Services such as data retrieval arrangements, subject to and conditioned upon Customer’s advance payment of fees and acceptance of all terms and conditions that Supplier specifies in writing with respect thereto. - Governing Law and Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of (i) the State of Delaware, where Customer’s jurisdiction of formation is in the U.S., Canada, or elsewhere in North America (collectively, “North America”); and (ii) England and Wales, where Customer’s jurisdiction of formation is not in North America; in each case, without reference to principles of conflicts of law rules. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods shall not be applicable hereto. Without limiting the preceding language, the Parties submit, for purposes of this Agreement, to the jurisdiction and venue of (i) the state and federal courts located in the State of Delaware, where Customer’s jurisdiction of formation is in North America; and (ii) the courts of London, England, where Customer’s jurisdiction of formation is not in North America. - Entire Agreement; Headings. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between Customer and Supplier with respect to the Services and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous communications and proposals between the Parties with respect thereto. The section and paragraph headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect their interpretation. No oral or written information or advice given by Supplier or its employees and other representatives will create any obligations or warranty on behalf of Supplier unless otherwise agreed in a writing signed by an authorized Supplier representative. Any purchase orders, confirmations, payment documentation, or other terms provided by Customer shall have no force or effect unless signed by an authorized Supplier representative. If the Parties have executed versions of this Agreement drafted in more than one language, the English language version shall govern and prevail. - Severability. If any provision of this Agreement, or any part of such provision, is found to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision will be deemed replaced by a valid and enforceable provision the effect of which comes as close as possible to the intended economic effect of the unenforceable or invalid provision, so that this Agreement will otherwise remain in full force and effect and enforceable. - Force Majeure. Neither Party is liable for any failure of performance to the extent such failure is due to any cause beyond such Party’s reasonable control, including acts of God, fire, explosion, vandalism, adverse weather conditions, government action, acts of terrorism, strikes and similar labor difficulties, war, sabotage, pandemic, internet-access issues, denial of service attacks, shortage or unavailability of supplies, and other mechanical, electronic, or communications failures or degradation. Either Party’s invocation of this clause will not relieve Customer of its obligation to pay for any Services provided or permit Customer to terminate any Services except as expressly provided herein. - Notices. All notices hereunder shall be in writing. Supplier may send notices hereunder to the email address Customer indicates in the Account or otherwise in writing. Customer will be deemed to have received any email sent to the last known email address Supplier has on record for Customer. Notices provided to Supplier under this Agreement shall be sent to the attention of the applicable account manager, with a copy sent to [email protected] regarding any legal matters. - Relationship of the Parties. The relationship of the Parties shall not be that of partners, agents, or joint venturers for one another, and nothing contained in the Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a partnership or agency agreement between the Parties for any purpose. Supplier and Customer shall be independent Parties and shall discharge their contractual obligations at their own risk subject to the terms of this Agreement. - Assignment. This Agreement inures to and is binding upon the Parties’ successors and permitted assignees. Neither Party shall assign this Agreement without the other Party’s prior written consent, not to be unreasonably conditioned, withheld or delayed; provided that each Party may, without consent, but with reasonable prior notice where feasible, assign its rights and obligations hereunder to any of its Affiliates or pursuant to any merger, acquisition, reorganization, sale, or transfer of all or substantially all its assets; provided, further, that with respect to such assignment by Customer, (i) the successor shall not provide services that compete with Supplier; (ii) the successor must be at least as creditworthy as Customer (as reasonably determined by Supplier); (iii) such assignment may not violate applicable trade control, export, or other law; and (iv) Customer remains liable for all of Customer’s obligations that accrued prior to such assignment. Any assignment other than as permitted by this section shall be deemed void. - Trade Compliance. Customer represents and warrants that (i) its use of the Services will not violate any embargoes, sanctions, trade restrictions, or similar restrictions issued by any applicable governmental entity, and (ii) Customer, its Affiliates, and its Authorized Users have not been designated by any applicable government or government agency as a prohibited or restricted party under any trade restrictions, export laws, or the like. Customer may not use, export, re-export, import, or transfer any technology or data related to the Platform or Services except as authorized by both this Agreement and all applicable laws, rules and regulations. - Maintenance and Downtime. Supplier shall make commercially reasonable efforts to maintain availability of the Platform, provide at least 8 hours’ notice of scheduled downtime, and limit scheduled downtime to 9pm to 6am Eastern Time. - Good Quality Audio. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, any accuracy or delivery timing (“Turnaround Times”) targets for Output are conditioned on the corresponding audio quality (“Audio Quality”) of the corresponding Files (including both live and recorded media). Audio Quality is determined in Supplier’s sole discretion, with exemplary criteria including (as applicable) clarity of the audio in a controlled environment, minimal background noise, a single speaker at any given time, lack of media defects, and reasonable end-to-end connectivity for live events. Supplier may reject any File based on its determination that the File’s Audio Quality does not meet reasonable quality levels (“Low Quality Files”). - Post-Production Turnaround Time Targets. Supplier shall make commercially reasonable efforts to deliver Output within the target Turnaround Times set forth on the applicable Site or Order. Recorded media Files shall not be subject to cancellation by Customer once submitted. Customer acknowledges that submission of volumes substantially greater than historical usage may result in delays to target Turnaround Times. Turnaround Times are calculated based upon United States East Coast business days; where stated in hours, 24 hours is equivalent to 1 business day. Turnaround Time targets are subject to Customer providing prompt cooperation and responses to Supplier’s reasonable requests or queries relating to the Files. - Live Sessions and Fast Turnaround Requests. The following terms apply to live sessions (“Live Sessions”) and post-productions requests with target Turnaround Times of 4 hours or less (“Fast Turnaround Sessions”) only. - Scheduling Sessions. Customer may request scheduling of a Live session or Fast Turnaround Session, and shall provide a start time (“Scheduled Start”) and (for Live Sessions only) an end time (“Scheduled End”). Sessions will be scheduled only upon confirmation from Supplier, according to availability. Sessions should be requested at least 1 business day in advance of the Scheduled Start; large events such as conferences may require substantially longer advance notice (10 business days or more). Customer shall join at least 15 minutes prior to the Scheduled Start of a Live Session. To improve accuracy of Output, Supplier strongly encourages Customer to provide preparation materials in advance of the session, including to assist Supplier in preparing for non-standard terms or content that may be contained in the File. For Live Sessions, the minimum session time for Legal sessions is 4 hours, and for all other sessions it is 30 minutes. - Session Fees. The session shall be chargeable beginning at the Scheduled Start, regardless of delay other than to the extent such delay is due to Supplier’s fault. If the session ends prior to the Scheduled End, it shall be chargeable for the full scheduled time. If the session extends beyond the Scheduled End, Supplier shall make commercially reasonable efforts to accommodate the extension subject to agent availability; and Customer shall be charged additional fees at a per-minute rate proportional to the hourly rate, rounded up to the next 15-minute increment. No-shows and cancellations on less than 24 hours’ notice are chargeable for the full scheduled time.

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VINDICTA DIGITAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS Payment Terms for Website Development: The business, company or person (hereafter referred to as The Client) requesting the services of The Company (hereafter referred to as Vindicta Digital) agrees to pay Vindicta Digital 60% deposit of the full price in advance in cleared funds prior to any work commencing. This is a non-refundable payment and will signify the agreement by The Client to allow Vindicta Digital to carry out the agreed project. A further payment of 40% of the full price must be paid at the design sign-off stage of the website construction. If payments are not made, do not clear, or are late, then Vindicta Digital reserve the right to stop and postpone all work until payment is made and The Client risks losing their development time slot and extra fees may be charged. For clarity, the term completion means the completion of the construction of the website, and it does not mean the date of the launch of the website. The final payment must be paid prior to the website going live without exception. A full invoice will be issued to The Client by Vindicta Digital. Please note that if paying in a currency other than pound sterling (GBP), the rate finally charged may vary due to currency fluctuations and The Client agrees to pay any bank charges acquired due to currency conversions, or failed payments. The purchase price is agreed in advance and will be related to the deposit paid unless otherwise agreed in writing by both parties. Deposits are non-refundable. After 30 days from the date of invoice, a 5% monthly interest fee will be added to the balance of the account each month until the full outstanding balance is paid. If the balance passes 90 days after the due date of the invoice an additional collection fee of £300.00+vat will be charged. Vindicta Digital will not be responsible for any payment to any third-party software or licenses required for the creation or continued operation of the website or software solutions. If the work changes during development and/or if The Client has not been clear with regards to the exact functionalities required, then Vindicta Digital have the right to adjust their invoicing accordingly. If a website goes live without final payment being made in full clear funds, Vindicta Digital have the right to halt all services provided and without notice, until full balances are paid including any interest or fines accumulated. Vindicta Digital will, where possible, adhere to any mutually agreed start and end dates for the project(s), however, they cannot be held responsible for any delay or subsequent loss of business that occurs due to changes in either the start or end dates or both. If a start and end date are not formally agreed, Vindicta Digital will complete projects as soon as possible but they cannot be held to any specific deadlines. Payment Terms for Marketing Services Including SEO, Social Media, Digital Advertising: All marketing services must be paid for strictly in advance. If payment has not been made after the commencement of the services or by the date of invoice, The Client will be subject to a 5% monthly interest fee, which will be added to the balance on the account until the full balance is paid. If the balance passes 90 days of the date of the invoice, then an additional collection fee of £300.00+VAT will be charged. If all balances are not paid when due, Vindicta Digital have the right to remove all work as they deem appropriate and freeze the account until payment is made in full. Payment Terms for Video Services: All production services for Videos must be paid for as follows: 40% deposit of full purchase amount, with 40% paid on completion of the video shoot, and final 20% on completion of editing. It is solely The Client’s responsibility to ensure Vindicta Digital are aware of all requirements prior to shooting, as each additional day required will be charged at the standard rate pricing. Clients are charged for the time required to complete projects based on the information provided to Vindicta Digital by The Client. If this information is not accurate then Vindicta Digital reserve the right to invoice The Client for the additional time required to complete the project. In addition, if The Client causes any delay that is deemed unnecessary, Vindicta Digital have the right to invoice for the next stage of payment. After the commencing of services or date of invoice, The Client will be subject to a 5% monthly interest fee, which will be added to the balance on the account until the full balance due is paid. If dates are set for the shooting of any part of the video, The Client must give Vindicta Digital 10 working days’ notice to cancel or reschedule the shoot, otherwise, the full fee for that booking will still be due and an additional fee will be charged to reschedule the filming. Payment Terms for Training & Cancellations: After the commencement of services or date of invoice, The Client will be subject to a 5% monthly interest fee, which will be added to the balance on the account until the balance is paid. At least 5 working days’ notice must be given in advance to cancel any training otherwise, the full training fee will be invoiced. 30 Day Payment Term: It is company policy of Vindicta Digital that all invoices are paid within 30 days of receipt. All invoices must be paid on time or the client must provide a valid excuse and date for future payment. If the balance is not paid within 45 days and without notice in the form of an email received by [email protected] then the account will automatically be frozen and all services provided will be stopped without notice. To unfreeze the account The Client must pay £200.00+VAT including all outstanding balances. All content and images to be included on the website must be provided by The Client prior to the start date, and in the correct format without any errors. If images are not supplied by The Client prior to the start date, then Vindicta Digital reserve the right to use suitable stock images for which The Client agrees to pay all costs for buying or acquiring these images. Vindicta Digital will require all e-commerce product images prior to the start date along with all product information and descriptions in an agreed spreadsheet format. If this is not provided, then The Client will be responsible for adding all product directly to the website themselves via the admin panel. It is the sole responsibility of The Client to ensure that all descriptions provided are accurate and that the correct permissions have been granted to use said descriptions. Vindicta Digital will not be responsible for any delays due to spreadsheet uploads and the full responsibility for providing content in the correct format rests solely with the client. Details of any additional costs arising from using stock images are available upon request. It is the sole responsibility of The Client when providing images to be included on the website, to ensure that these images are not protected by any third party intellectual property rights. By proceeding with our services, The Client hereby agrees to indemnify Vindicta Digital from any legal action brought by a third party for any infringement of their intellectual property rights arising from any page designs or images contained within The Client’s website. This indemnity will continue after completion and extends to grant indemnity for content which Vindicta Digital can accept no liability for, and for any specific design formats requested by The Client. If The Client is providing designs for Vindicta Digital to use in the coding or development of a site, then it is The Client’s responsibility to provide such designs in the exact formats as required by Vindicta Digital. It is understood that The Client is fully aware of the required formats and that The Client takes full responsibility for providing such formats. If The Client does not provide the designs in the correct formats and by the agreed dates then the client will miss the coding slot allocated and Vindicta Digital reserve the right to charge for the reallocation of coding time. New coding slots will be reallocated at Vindicta Digital’s discretion. The Client agrees to provide Vindicta Digital will all information required (including text, contact details, contents, profiles) to be included on the website prior to the start date and/or deposit payment date. If additional information, images or changes are required by The Client after the start date or deposit payment date, The Client hereby accepts that Vindicta Digital will charge an additional £40.00 per hour to implement said additional content. Furthermore, if page changes/amendments/modifications are made by the client after the start date/deposit payment date an additional charge will be payable to Vindicta Digital. Details of these charges are available to The Client upon request. Functionality must also be specified prior to the start date. Where the client requires any changes/amendments/modifications to the functionality then additional charges will be incurred and deadlines will be void. Details of additional charges are available upon request. Functionality & Hosting It is the sole responsibility of The Client when providing functional requests and instructions to be included in the website, to ensure that these designs and functions are not protected by any third-party intellectual property rights and/or patents. The Client hereby agrees to indemnify Vindicta Digital from any legal action brought by a third party for infringement of that third party’s intellectual property rights or patents arising from any coding, processes, journeys or functions contained within The Client’s website. This indemnity will continue after completion and extends to grant indemnity for design, content and functionality for which Vindicta Digital can accept no liability. The Client must specify all functionality required prior to the start date. Vindicta Digital will, however, discuss functionality with the client prior to the start date to assist the client with the options available. The hosting must also be established prior to the completion date otherwise hosting charges will be invoiced. Vindicta Digital will endeavour to assist in this matter but ultimate responsibility remains with The Client. Vindicta Digital will not be liable for any loss in sales or business due to server downtime, human error, loss of emails or data, site downtime, site hacking, third-party integrations or due to system failures unless contracted with a Service Level Agreement. Vindicta Digital may use third-party payment gateways and ESCROW facilities where appropriate to accept and process credit card payments. Vindicta Digital will not be held responsible for any fraudulent transactions, failed transactions or any transfer of funds. The Client hereby removes all liability from Vindicta Digital for any financial losses or third party losses. Vindicta Digital will permit The Client to view all work prior to making it live online to the public and therefore The Client hereby agrees to indemnify Vindicta Digital from any loss in sales, downtime or reputation due to site errors or problems. If Vindicta Digital are made aware of any such issues they will rectify them as soon as possible. The full balance of payment will automatically become due on the completion date, without deduction. The Client hereby agrees that if a delay is caused by The Client’s failure to provide information, images, functionality or any other essential requirements, content or designs for the setting up of the website The Client will pay the full balance payment due to Vindicta Digital on the completion date. If the client misses the coding slot allocated, then Vindicta Digital reserve the right to charge for the reallocation of coding time. New coding slots will be reallocated at Vindicta Digital’s discretion. Third-party software integrations, unless agreed in writing, will be timed and cost separately and all costs payable to third parties will be the responsibility of The Client. Should a client wish at any stage to cancel this agreement, The Client will forfeit the 60% deposit and will be liable for any further costs including third-party costs incurred by Vindicta Digital up to and including the date of cancellation. The client will also be responsible for all hosting costs associated with the production and testing phases of the site. If the costs are not paid upon receipt of the invoice, then interest will be added at 5% of the value of the total invoice each month. The client also accepts that it will be liable for all legal fees associated with trying to retrieve any balances owed. Ownership, Intellectual Property & Copyright Any downloading, copying, reproduction, redistribution and transfer of any software or materials contained on a Client’s website is expressly prohibited unless agreed in writing by Vindicta Digital. Vindicta Digital must follow set procedures to permit clients to copy, replicate or transfer their websites to maximise server security. All content included on the website is and shall continue to be the property of Vindicta Digital until all balances are cleared and the website is transferred in accordance with Vindicta Digital’s internal policies. All such content is protected under the applicable UK and International laws, including copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights laws. No content, image, logo, graphic, video or sound from the website may be copied or retransmitted unless expressly permitted by Vindicta Digital. The absence on the website of a product, service name, slogan or logo does not constitute a waiver of Vindicta Digital’s rights. If a Client or person working on behalf of a Client that has been granted access to servers on the instruction of the Client, then the Client becomes liable for all associated costs with regards to re-testing of servers, software, time, loss to the company over a 3 year period of hosting and any and all fees associated with retrieving Vindicta Digital’s property. Documents and Other Materials All documents and any other materials provided on the website, including but not limited to information, documents, logos, graphics, and images (i.e. “Materials”), are provided either by Vindicta Digital and are the copyrighted work of Vindicta Digital. Except where stated, none of the Materials may be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other means, without the prior express written permission of Vindicta Digital. Except where expressly provided in a separate license, nothing on the website shall be construed to grant any license under any of Vindicta Digital’s intellectual property rights, whether by estoppels, implication, or otherwise. Also, you may not “mirror” or replicate any Materials contained on the website on any other server without Vindicta Digital’s prior and express written permission. Vindicta Digital may, but is not obligated to do so, monitor or review statements or materials on the website provided by third-parties. Vindicta Digital makes no representation as to the accuracy, legality, ownership or other aspects of such materials. Vindicta Digital disclaims any liability for such third-party statements or materials under all laws relating to defamation, intellectual property infringement, privacy, obscenity, or other areas of law. Vindicta Digital hereby grants you a limited, non-exclusive license to use the website for your own personal use but strictly not for republication, distribution, assignment, sublicense, sale, preparation of derivative works, or other similar use. Any unauthorised use of any Materials contained on your website may violate copyright laws, trademark laws, the laws of privacy and publicity, and other regulations and statutes. You agree to cover all expenses if these terms are broken including, but not limited to, all legal costs, server scanning and maintenance costs, management costs and the like. If these terms are not adhered to, Vindicta Digital retain the right to invoice for any discounts granted in invoicing due to any loss of long-term hosting revenues that were pre-agreed. Prior Conditions for Marketing Services - The client has no duplicate sites, duplicate content or pages, redirects or doorway pages. Any such event must be reported to Vindicta Digital prior to starting any services. - The client has not requested or exchanged links with link farms or undertaken any spamming techniques which may harm the web site’s ranking with Google. Any past instances must be reported prior to any services being provided. - We can not give a 100% guarantee for any specific result on any search engine, nor can we quantify the level of any increased traffic or sales as a result of an SEO campaign. Any projected results are an estimate and not a guarantee. - All fees are payable in advance and when requested, and are non-refundable under any circumstances. - If the client makes any changes to the optimised pages created by Vindicta Digital without our knowledge or does not implement any changes advised by us, any guarantee placed will become void immediately. Vindicta Digital follows a strictly ethical SEO policy and may make void any guarantee should it be discovered that The Client has at any time participated in actions considered undesirable (ie spamming) by the search engines, such as but not limited to: - Making use of hidden links - Links to link-farms, FFA link pages, etc. - Using page redirect or cloaking techniques - Submitting the web pages of the site to the search engines, search directories or other websites without the prior consent of Vindicta Digital - Using automated website submission software or websites - Using automated reciprocal link programs Vindicta Digital reserves the right to use client websites, web design, layouts, wireframes and collateral in their advertising and or marketing initiatives. This may include portfolio examples on our website, case studies and other promotional initiatives, and discrete links at the foot of the pages on the supplied website until otherwise specifically instructed by The Client to not use it. The Client agrees that their website is not hosted on any free webspace using domain forwarding (either framed or otherwise). In cases where there is either concern that the current hosting IP address may be part of a ‘bad neighbourhood’ or for reasons of optimisation, Vindicta Digital may request that The Client changes the hosting provider. Third Party Fees Any fees that the search engines charge to include a listing are to be paid separately by the client. This includes, but is not limited to pay per inclusion charges in directories like Yahoo! etc. Access to Client Website For the purposes of receiving professional SEO services, Client agrees to provide the following: - All administrative/backend access to the website for analysis of its content and structure. - Permission to make changes as required for the purpose of optimisation, and to communicate directly with any third parties, e.g. your previous or current web designer if necessary. - Unlimited access to any or all website traffic statistics, if established, for analysis and tracking purposes. - An email address for the purposes of requesting links - Authorisation to use any or all client pictures, logos, trademarks, web site images, pamphlets, content, etc., for any use as deemed necessary by Vindicta Digital for search engine optimisation purposes. If The Client’s site is lacking in any textual content, Client will provide additional text content in digital format (email, word doc etc) for the purpose of creating additional or richer web pages. Vindicta Digital can provide site content at an additional cost to the Client. Warranties and Indemnity The client warrants to Vindicta Digital at all times that any and all the material included on the Web Site is: 1. is not in breach of the Intellectual Property rights of any third party. 2. is not obscene within the definition of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 or any other relevant provision, act, or law 3. is not in breach of any code or provision of statute or common law or otherwise in force from time to time in relation to Advertising of Goods or Services. 4. contains no element of corporative advertising which is in breach of the Control of Misleading Advertisements (Amendment) Regulations 2000. 5. is not in breach of the Defamation Act 1996 or any other relevant provision. 6. does not contain any misleading price comparison in breach of Consumer Protection Act. Loss of Service Vindicta Digital accepts no liability for loss of service, unavailability of files, damage of data, misuse of equipment by other clients, failure of any externally managed equipment or communications devices or other services deemed to be beyond Vindicta Digital’s control. Vindicta Digital’s Marketing terms and conditions prohibit the disclosure of customer information without the customer’s express written consent except as required to comply with a current judicial proceeding, a court order, or any other legal process served on Vindicta Digital. If you require information regarding a Vindicta Digital customer you must mail, or serve a valid subpoena on Vindicta Digital. Vindicta Digital is a sole trading business under the name of Vindicta Digital The Vindicta Group is also a trading name of Vindicta Digital Registered Office: 52 Hill Street, Belfast BT1 2LB. Cancelling Marketing Services One month’s notice (30 days) in writing is required to cancel any marketing service including but not limited to SEO, PPC, Adwords, Facebook advertising, content creation, copywriting etc. If fees are not paid, Vindicta Digital have the right to notify third parties of balances on the account via whatever channels they feel appropriate and add interest at 5% per month until balances are paid. The client will be liable for any and all fees associated with retrieving any balances on the account. *YOUR SIGNATURE ON A PRINTED COPY OF THIS AGREEMENT IS NOT REQUIRED. YOUR USE OF OUR SERVICES SHALL CONSTITUTE A VIRTUAL SIGNATURE, HAVING THE SAME FORCE AND EFFECT AS IF YOU HAD SIGNED A PRINTED COPY OF THIS AGREEMENT. *

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All of these brands provide comprehensive gold IRA rollover services, and it is important to compare them to determine which one is best for your needs. But setting up a gold IRA is not as simple as a regular IRA. Read customer reviews on websites like the BBB, Google My Business, and Trustpilot. Great user experience and easy to access website. With a team of experienced and knowledgeable professionals, Patriot Gold offers competitive rates and experienced guidance to ensure that clients get the best returns on their gold backed IRA investments. The world is your portfolio They are available to help customers set up accounts, answer questions and provide information by phone or email. Mandi was knowledgeable, helpful, and trustworthy throughout the process. The main drawback is the lack of online trading. There is no guarantee that the spending power of a powerful currency, such as the US Dollar, will remain so in the coming months. The company will send you a physical guide and a digital copy you can access immediately. However, all information is presented without warranty. Unallocated means that your metals will be commingled with other investors’ metals. Other silver options include Maple Leaf coins Canada, Libertad bullion coins Mexico, Kookaburra coins Australia, Vienna Philharmonic coins Austria, Panda coins China, as well as additional products appropriate under fineness standards. Team of experienced professionals to assist with investments. An essential component of customer satisfaction is assisting investors and preventing issues in the first place. The company has great reviews on different platforms and competitive rates for accounts that have balances under $200,000. 2 Red Rock Secured: Runner Up – Best in Precious Metals IRA Education 4 8/5 Invest in RC Bullion and Reap the Benefits. The kit and the website provide comprehensive resources for customers to review and learn. An Individual Retirement Account IRA is an effective way to save for retirement. Patriot Gold Club: Best for IRA Investment. Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium. Our A+ rating from the prestigious Better Business Bureau is just one of many accolades that confirm our proven track record and commitment to our customers. This fee can range from $50 to $150 and typically correlates to the size of your account. They walk you through every step of the process and even help you fill out most of the paperwork. Q: How do I choose the best gold IRA company. Once this initial consultation is concluded, the customer is matched with a trusted advisor who has the job of advising, guiding, and educating the customer on precious metals investing without turning to forceful sales tactics. Gold Alliance: Cons – Best Gold IRA Companies Platinum IRA: Up to 3% interest. The RMD is subject to annual changes depending on the two elements. The IRS prohibits gold IRA participants from holding their precious metals on their properties. However, it’s important to familiarize yourself with the fees and investment risks before making a decision. Store Your Precious Metals Safely with Oxford Gold Group Secure Your Future Today. Augusta Precious Metals is the best gold IRA company you can find online. This is a crucial aspect that a lot of people tend to ignore when they search for a gold IRA investment company: a security of deposit. Protect Your Assets with American Hartford Gold Group: The Trusted Choice for Precious Metals. Usually, the gold IRA rollover process is handled by the representatives of a gold IRA company, with little involvement necessary on your end. Founder Trevor Gerszt bought the firm in 2011, changing its name to Goldco Direct, which later became Goldco Precious Metals. Once your account is funded, you can purchase IRA eligible bullion products. Both charge a set up fee of $50. Advantage Gold: Pros Best Gold IRA Companies Oxford Gold Group Rating: 4. Goldco also has a decent selection of gold and silver available for purchase. Larger gold IRA accounts may even get rebates that last for several years, including storage and maintenance costs. Goldco also scores highly in customer satisfaction based on gold IRA reviews across multiple third party review platforms; customers especially appreciate strong communication, quick processes, and specialist knowledgeability. So how long does it take to open up a new gold IRA. In this post, I review and compare the top gold IRA companies. Difficult to get clear pricing information on physical gold purchases. Free Gold IRA Lies Guide Noble Gold Investments has a stronger web presence than many of their competitors. They are also well known for providing excellent customer service and education on investing in precious metals. Only IRA approved Gold can be purchased for an IRA. By researching the fees, the types of gold accepted, and the customer service of the broker or custodian, investors. It bears emphasizing that a gold IRA only becomes necessary when an investor wants to invest in physical gold — bars, coins and bullions. Firstly, evaluate your existing retirement accounts’ performance and see if they align with your investment goals. Companies regularly claim to have a low cost fee structure, but only a handful ever reveal their costs. In addition, the Business Consumer Alliance is also an excellent place to research various companies to determine the best company to go for. Not only can they transfer and roll over existing IRA or other retirement accounts easily, but there are no additional income taxes or penalties. What is the best gold IRA company? Each of these companies provides comprehensive services to help investors with their gold IRA rollovers, but there are some differences to consider. As the best gold IRA provider, iTrustCapital offers an exceptional opportunity to invest not only in gold but also in cryptocurrencies and silver. A: The IRS has established guidelines for the amount of physical gold and other precious metals that can be held in a gold IRA. To this end, gold gives genuine broadening to stocks and bonds. They can help you move an existing registered plan into an IRA, as well as set up a new one. Further, Augusta’s support desk promptly helps customers make the right precious metals portfolio decisions. You may rest assured that you’re dealing with the most reputable firm in the industry. How we rated Advantage Gold Requires a minimum of $50,000 USD in your savings account. The strong focus on customers is what has helped Goldco earn the highest ratings from both the BCA and BBB along with the almost perfect reviews on Trustpilot and Consumer Affairs. Setting up a Gold IRA is another way to invest in gold. In terms of credibility and reputation, American Hartford Gold is one of the top gold IRA companies you’ll find online. Additionally, gold IRA companies reviews can help investors identify which companies offer the best gold prices and storage options. Q: Are gold IRA accounts insured. This ensures that customers receive the best advice and guidance when it comes to investing in gold IRAs. Silver is also a popular choice for a precious metals IRA due to its affordability and accessibility. Investment Products: Not FDIC Insured No Bank Guarantee May Lose Value. What We Like About Birch Gold Group The melting process of 1kg goldbars remains breathtaking to witness. We suggest that you perform due diligence and research several top rated gold IRA companies before making any buying decisions. At the present time there is danger of economic collapse in many countries. The company provides extensive advice on how to complete the application for a new self directed IRA and will assist you in the rollover of funds from your existing retirement account to your new gold IRA. As a customer, you’ll have total peace of mind throughout the entire Gold IRA rollover/transfer process. Plus, their team of experienced professionals is always available to assist you in selecting the best coins for your needs. Please take 6 minutes to complete our customer survey. Silver and Palladium IRA: 2. American Hartford Gold believes that investing in physical gold is the best way to diversify a person’s portfolio. Gain Financial Security with American Hartford Gold Invest Now. It later gained global recognition as a valuable currency. AAA grade on The Business Consumer Alliance Honored as the company of the year 2021 in the American Business Awards Average rating of 4. Canadian Gold Maples, Canadian Silver Maples, American Gold Eagles, American Silver Eagles, Proof Gold American Eagles, Proof Silver American Eagles, Certified Gold American Eagles, Numismatic Gold Coins may appreciate, depreciate, or stay the same depending on a variety of factors. If this is something you think you’d be interested in, be sure to look for a company that offers this option. If you do choose to handle that distribution yourself, the IRS has a strict 60 day window from the date you receive the funds to roll that money over into another qualified retirement account, or the IRS will treat that distribution as a withdrawal and charge you taxes plus an early withdrawal penalty if you are younger than 59 ½ years old. These coins are valued based on their rarity and historical significance, in addition to their gold content. Reasonable annual administrative fee. A company’s rating will be worse if there are high unresolved lawsuits or claims. These gold and silver products include. The Business Consumer Alliance awarded them with a AAA rating, and they earned an A+ qualification from the BBB. Manage Your Account Their co founders have been in the precious metals industry for years before setting off on their own and launching Advantage Gold. Make sure tax forms are filed correctly each year so everyone knows where they stand before making changes or disbursements from the account following death. It’s also the gold IRA that Joe Montana personally uses, chosen by his financial team. The unique model of operation at Augusta usually ensures that each of their clients gets all their savings. Our experts answer readers’ investing questions and write unbiased product reviews here’s how we assess investing products. It’s a proven way to grow your investments. For most, though, it comes down to investing in typical instruments like stocks and bonds. That turned out to be a complex system for most folks to navigate, with high compliance and storage costs. Those over fifty can contribute seven thousand dollars per year. Oxford Gold provides clients with personalized investment strategies and specializes in creating a diversified portfolio for retirement. This is a great benefit if you have any questions or concerns about your investment. Customer satisfaction is the 1 priority and they strive to over deliver on their promises. Investing in precious metals is a wise decision for those who want to diversify their retirement portfolios. However, it’s important to consult with a financial advisor before making any decisions to ensure this option is right for your specific financial situation. One way to ensure the legitimacy of a loan lender is to check if they are registered with regulatory bodies such as the Better Business Bureau or the National Credit Union Administration. Birch Gold Group mission is to remove the uncertainty and hesitation from precious metals investment, allowing prospective clients to make wise decisions about expanding their portfolios. Get The FREE 2023 Gold IRA Kit from American Hartford Gold The company also provides real time gold price data, historical gold performance and annual performance charts and a precious metals spot price table. It offers gold self directed IRAs, as well as silver IRAs. Platinum IRA: Up to 3. In our Noble Gold company review, we see that Noble Gold primarily helps clients store and acquire precious metal assets. Secure Your Retirement with American Hartford Gold Group Invest in Your Future Today. Advantage Gold Your Pathway to Safeguard Your Portfolio with Precious Metals. Since your items are sequestered, this is more expensive at $150 annually. Advantage Gold has an excellent reputation online. If you want to invest in precious metals with more freedom and liquidity, you might consider a gold ETF instead. Best Gold IRA Companies. The best gold IRA custodian will offer a variety of gold coins and bars, including American Gold Eagles, Canadian Gold Maple Leafs, and Gold Krugerrands. Gold is a great addition to any retirement portfolio, and a gold IRA rollover is a great way to diversify and protect your assets. In conclusion, investing in gold and silver through a reputable gold and silver IRA company is an excellent way to protect your retirement savings and diversify your portfolio. Q 3 Who holds the gold in the gold IRA. This company views retirement savings and financial preparation as a marathon, not a sprint. This feature undoubtedly benefits the consumer, but the website lacks information about fee amounts, account minimums, and other details. Click and Collect As a value keeper, investment gold has been used by individuals and states for thousands of years. Augusta’s lifetime customer support means they will be with you through the life of your account, providing you with any information you need. Past performance is never a guarantee of future returns. With the help of this ranking system, investors can be sure that they are selecting a gold IRA company that offers the best services and fees. Noble charges annual fees of $80 and storage fees of $150 per year, which include both insurance and housing. After careful consideration, the team then ranked the gold IRA custodians according to their performance. The brilliant thing about Regal Assets is that they offer not only precious metals IRA but also cryptocurrency. The company also offers a secure online platform, making it easy to manage investments quickly and conveniently. Discover the Benefits of Precious Metals IRAs with Birch Gold Group Today. In conclusion, finding the best gold IRA company will help you take advantage of this valuable commodity while protecting your savings. If you are not yet 59. The company has an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau and 4. The RMD is subject to annual changes depending on the two elements. Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for educational purposes only Refer to a professional for investment advice In some cases, we receive a commission from our partners Opinions are always our own Not every client is experienced in gold IRAs. Silver IRA: Up to 3% interest. Birch Gold Group is a reputable gold IRA provider that emphasizes customer education and offers a wide range of precious metal investment options, including Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. 5 years old or younger, a 10% early withdrawal penalty is also applicable. Among the top gold IRA custodians are Augusta Precious Metals, American Hartford Gold Group, Oxford Gold Group, and Lear Capital. American Hartford Gold Group Best for Retirement Planning. Protect Your Retirement with Advantage Gold’s Top Rated Precious Metals Start Investing Now. The term “gold IRA” may be used interchangeably with the phrase “precious metals IRA. The conversion is reported on Form 8606 PDFPDF, Nondeductible IRAs. Ranking gold IRA companies can be a difficult task. They are known for their superior education and transparent pricing.

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South of Market’s (SOMA’s) best Referred to by old-timers as “South of the Slot,” signifying its location south of the streetcar tracks on Market Street, this colorful area was city center in the mid-1800s. This still-evolving area is filled with museums, art galleries, hip bars and clubs, and upscale hotels. Moscone Convention Center is also here on Howard Street between 3rd and 4th streets. South of Market attractions 201 9th St./Howard St. Reservations advised. This place seems to have everything going for it: good food, great entertainment, central location, easy parking, reasonable prices. All the waitresses here are actually men who dress as women. These “gender illusionists” also perform hourly–dancing and lip-synching atop a 40-foot-long runway on the red bar. This means everyone gets to see almost everything. Any wait to get in can be spent in a dance club downstairs, which offers more diversion at no additional admission charge. And though the show is the main draw, the East-West fusion food is tasty. Appetizers include chicken satay, Dungeness crab cakes, and a refreshing Thai shrimp salad, and scallops and filet mignon are among the entrees. Mixed drinks are colorful and fun—think Trina’s Pussycat made with Malibu Coconut Rum and Chambord or a Blue Margarita–and include some sake cocktails and a few non-alcoholic specials. For dessert, the tray of yummy miniature ice cream cones is the way to go. Lights are low, spirits are high, and wardrobe malfunctions and debauchery between shows is part of the experience. Metreon 101 4th St./Mission St. Originally built by Sony, this 4-story urban entertainment complex has a futuristic-style interior. It holds a movie theater with 15 screens–including an IMAX theater that is the largest west of the Mississippi and that also shows 3-D specials and screens feature films. 781 Mission St. Fast and casual, this link in the L.A. chain offers cafeteria-style service. More description and images. Serves traditional Japanese fare. More description and images. 783 Mission St. Tasty, well-priced fast food. More description and images. Stretches along Mission Street from Beal Street to Second Street, crossing Frist and Fremont Streets. Free. gondola entrance: 425 Mission St./Fremont St. elevator entrances: several are found along Mission St. Salesforce Park is 4 blocks long and covers 5.4 acres. Basically a botanical garden, this urban oasis holds 16,000 plants and 600 trees, and it has plenty of inviting expansive green lawns. More description and images. San Francisco Giants Oracle Park, 24 Willie Mays Plaza, King St./3rd St., Mission Bay. Fee. Located on the city’s scenic waterfront, this new ballpark for the National League’s San Francisco Giants was designed to be a state-of-the-art old-fashioned ballpark. It features unobstructed views from every seat and plenty of restrooms. A unique public promenade parallels the waterfront from right field to center field, and fans can watch the game through portholes in the fence there at no charge. Tours are available. South Park Ave./2nd St. Founded in 1857, when it was surrounded by stylish brick homes that eventually were destroyed in the 1906 earthquake, this tiny oval park is the oldest public park in San Francisco. Now it is particularly popular as a lunch spot with tech workers in the area. It was recently renovated and features a large grassy area, picnic tables, and a contemporary children’s playground with a net swing, a serpentine climbing structure, and a butterfly garden. Jack London Alley is named for the author, who was born nearby at Third and Brannan streets. St. Patrick Catholic Church 756 Mission St./4th St. Located amid contemporary boxy highrises, this landmark 1851 gothic revival red-brick church is the oldest continually operated Catholic church in San Francisco. Its biggest bronze bell—which weighs over a ton–rings out the hour daily, and the ten smaller bells chime in before Mass on Sundays and religious holidays. Free half-hour chamber music Noontime Concerts are scheduled on Wednesdays. Yerba Buena Gardens Mission St./4th St., South of Market. Free. Situated atop the Moscone Convention Center, this complex holds a variety of attractions designed for the education and recreation of young people. It also features an outdoor stage, two cafes, a butterfly garden, a redwood grove, public sculptures, and a 50-foot waterfall with a multi-language memorial to the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. seen along a pathway behind it. Expansive lawns, fountains, a maze and play circle, and robotic sculpture invite open-air relaxation. ●Ice Skating & Bowling Center 750 Folsom St. Fee. Year-round ice skating, and twelve lanes of bowling. ●Yerba Buena Center for the Arts 701 Mission St./3rd St. Fee. This innovative contemporary arts center presents art shows and live entertainment emphasizing the diverse artists and communities of the region. The idea is to teach about the urban environment and display art for social change. The center has two large galleries on the first floor and another smaller one on the second floor. More description and images. South of Market museums American Bookbinders Museum 355 Clementina St./5th St. Fee. Located on a narrow street that you would unlikely ever see without intent, this new museum has an interesting collection of fully-functioning 18th- and 19th-century bookbinding equipment. More description and images. Children’s Creativity Museum 221 4th St./Howard St., at Yerba Buena Gardens. Fee. The entire family can explore creativity and innovation through the arts and media at this high-tech museum. Creating videos, viewing performances in a state-of-the-art theater, and learning about animation as art are all part of the program. A playground with a giant slide provides outside fun. A beautifully restored 1906 Looff carousel at the entrance formerly made rounds at the defunct Playland-at-the-Beach. It boasts 65 heavily jeweled, hand-carved animals–including camels, rams, giraffes, and a rare gray horse whose mouth is carved with closed lips–and now twirls inside a glass pavilion. California Historical Society museum 678 Mission St./3rd St. Fee. Founded in 1871, this society has a collection of artifacts documenting California’s history from the 16th century through the present. That adds up to more than 500,000 photographs and 150,000 manuscripts, as well as thousands of books, maps, paintings, and ephemera. Among the gems in this small museum housed within the former Hundley Hardware Building are Emperor Norton’s cane and a stereoscope–the precursor to today’s 3-D films. The Contemporary Jewish Museum 736 Mission St./3rd St. Fee. Retaining the original brick façade and some interior catwalks and trusses from the historic 1907 PG&E Jessie Street Power Substation building, this brand new museum has a very modern angular interior. Designed to explore Jewish culture, history, art, and ideas, the structure is filled with symbolism–for instance, the auditorium design is based on a map of Jerusalem. The museum has no permanent collection. A free cell phone tour is available, and a Family tour and drop-in art program occur each Sunday. Information and images regarding past exhibits. ●Wise Sons Jewish Deli serves up Jewish classics and sandwiches. Meat is prepared in house and stacked high in the pastrami and corned beef sandwiches. A pickle spear is included, but you’ll want to remember to order a side of delicious potato salad or coleslaw. Rye bread, challah, and babka are baked fresh. It’s counter service here, and tables are available both inside and outside. Museum admission is not required. Museum of the African Diaspora 685 Mission St./3rd St. Free. This museum celebrates the global influence of the African Diaspora on art and culture. (“Diaspora” refers to the settling of native Africans far from their ancestral homelands.) One particularly intriguing permanent exhibit depicts human adornment a la Michael Jackson’s famous face-morphing “Black or White” music video. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) Two entrances: 151 3rd St. & off Howard St. Located within a striking contemporary 5-story building designed by Mario Botta of Lugano, Switzerland, and closed for the past 3 years to complete a 10-story expansion by architect Snohetta that triples the gallery space, SFMOMA originally opened at another location in 1935. It was the first museum in the West devoted entirely to 20th-century art. Its collection is the world’s largest of contributed art and includes abstract art, photography (now the largest such gallery in the U.S.), and the work of acclaimed contemporary artists. Accesss to the first two floors is free. The most efficient way to see everything is to take the elevator to the 7th floor and work down. The new wing embraces an environmentally-friendly design that includes a self-watering vertical wall bearing green plants and a façade of rippling panels. Many outdoor spaces display sculpture and offer city views. Several different free tours are scheduled daily and greatly enhance a visit. And don’t miss visiting several of the colorful restrooms, which according to the designers are “works of art unto themselves . . . and look for the green flash after exiting the red restroom on the second floor, a classic example of after-image using complementary colors.” More description and images. The museum gift shop purveys an array of exceptional merchandise and has a particularly noteworthy section for children. Adjacent to the previous rooftop sculpture garden casual Cafe 5 offers a lunch menu including organic salads, open-face sandwiches, and light snacks, and Sightglass at SFMOMA serves up coffee and pastries. On Collaboration: SFMOMA and Adobe Rethink the Selfie–a free selfie interactive photo booth–is set up here. South of Market restaurants The Grove–Yerba Buena 690 Mission St./3rd St. In the rustic dining room here, a grove of real tree trunks is placed through the huge open space and threaded with colorful tiny lights. The ceiling is high, and an upstairs provides more seating, some of which overlooks the restaurant below providing a treetop view. Additional seating is provided outside in front. The menu is extensive, but you’ll probably be waiting in line for a while and have time to leisurely peruse it then. Once your order is taken, you’re given a number and so can then secure a table. You’ll need to fetch your own water and condiments. Breakfast is served all day. Food is decent but basically uninspired. My eggs Benedict was arranged on the plate in a sloppy manner, and the hash browns were terrible–stale, hard, and too salty (order the salad instead). But I’ll be back for the pleasant ambiance and another cafe mocha, and next time I plan to try the well-reputed chicken pot pie. 140 New Montgomery St./Minna St. Located inside the stately and historic 1925 Pacific Bell Telephone Building, and where Yelp once had its offices, this restaurant features a stunning interior design that includes a curtain of silver bead threads defining the coat closet at the check-in desk and an efficient unisex restroom with gorgeous fresh flowers. A floor to ceiling sculpture crafted from the cross section of a century-old tree trunk greets diners at the entry. The restaurant’s high ceilings give it an open and airy feeling while the look is modern and sleek adorned with explosive firework-styled chandeliers. Many patrons opt for a seat at the long bar, dining on small plates and cocktails. The spacious dining room is lined with comfy booths, and quieter seating is available on the second floor–which also holds an impressive glass-enclosed wine cellar. The sophisticated Moroccan dishes are served family style and include an exceptional roast chicken with sides and sauces. Eggplant and bean puree with warm flatbread is a great starter, and couscous with garbanzos, honey, saffron, lemon, harissa, and brown butter is a delicious vegetarian main. Samovar Restaurant & Tea Lounge 730 Howard St./3rd St., Upper Terrace of Yerba Buena Gardens. Try the housemade Masala chai here, or maybe one of the cultural tea services. More description and images. 342 Howard St./Fremont St. Sitting in the wide-open, high-ceilinged main dining room here is the best, but when the place is jammin’, a communal table near the bar is a good alternative to a long wait. The historic brick building it is within is the former Marine Electric warehouse, built just after the 1906 quake. Floors are stained the color of dark chocolate, and handmade wooden tables and chairs plus original brick walls add to the inviting mood. Starter specialties include seafood chowder with housemade sourdough crackers, and steamed mussels in Old Bay tomato broth. Should scrumptious wild mushroom lasagna be among the choices on the ever-changing, mostly American menu, don’t hesitate, and man–about–town Willie Brown is a fan of the fried chicken. Desserts are homey and special—warm pineapple upside down cake, pear-and-sour cherry crisp, butterscotch pot de crème—and the hot chocolate made with Parisian cocoa is like velvet. South of Market hotels Four Seasons Hotel San Francisco 757 Market St./3rd St. 12 stories; 277 rooms. Fitness room; full-service spa. Restaurant; room service. Valet parking. Occupying the first 12 floors of a 40-story building, this sleek property features a muted decor and displays a collection of contemporary art by mostly California artists. South-facing rooms have views over the city and bay. Bathrooms are spacious, with a deep soaking tub and Italian marble vanities, and beds are made with down duvets and pillows. Kids get pint-sized bathrobes, and guests have complimentary access to the building’s ultra trendy The Sports Club/LA fitness center and day spa. 12 Fourth St./Market St. 196 rooms. Fitness room. Restaurant; room service. Valet parking. Featuring a sophisticated interior design, this well-located hotel operates on the 5th through 9th floors of a completely refurbished 1907 landmark building. Original modern art is sprinkled throughout. In Spanish, its name means “where the dove comes to rest,” and a quiet retreat is what is offered the weary traveler. 55 Fifth St. 116 rooms. Fitness room; restaurant. Situated within a completely renovated century–old, neoclassic-style building dating from 1913, this hotel features a dramatic curved staircase leading to the mezzanine level and a 2-story fitness center. Room decor is modern Italian, and each room has its own Nintendo. The S&R Lounge lobby bar—which stands for salvage and rescue—is an elegant and inviting spot to relax. The Cavalier restaurant is modeled after a British brasserie. Game heads decorate the wall of the high-ceilinged front bar, and posh banquettes invite relaxing in the back restaurant. Even farther back is a hidden speakeasy with its bathroom decorated to look like the cover of the Rolling Stones’ “Exile on Main Street” album, but getting into that room is another story. Appetizers include a sweet little Quail Egg Mayonnaise, a tasty Hen Egg Hollandaise with ham and cheese soldiers, the Duck Duck Scotch Egg with a colorful and tasty cherry chutney, and, straying from the egg theme, which I adored, addictive Crispy Brussels Chips, which I also adored. At lunch the Spicy Crab and Cucumber Tea Sandwiches are a refined treat, but the Wild Mushroom Pie is a tasty option and the fat “Marlowe” Burger with cheddar and bacon is a sure thing. Tea service brings on a proper cuppa served in a sweet blue individual tea pot, and desserts are the likes of sticky toffee pudding, peach crumble, and steamed pudding. Teas are Samovar, coffee is Stumptown, and cocktails, wines, and beers, but of course, are available, too. Palace Hotel, a Luxury Collection Hotel, San Francisco 2 New Montgomery St./Market St. 8 stories; 556 rooms. Indoor pool; hot tub; fitness room. 3 restaurants; room service. Valet parking. When this grande dame hotel was established in 1875, it was the largest and most luxurious in the world. It also was the first hotel in the world with electrical lighting and the first to install an elevator, known then as a “rising room.” Though that original hotel burned to the ground after the 1906 earthquake, it was rebuilt in 1909 as the present structure. A dubious claim to fame from its past is the fact that President Warren G. Harding was staying here in the Presidential Suite when he died in 1923. Nowadays anyone with $7,200 can stay in the Presidential Suite, and the list of those who have includes Sophia Loren and Whoopi Goldberg. This landmark hotel spreads over an entire city block, and its Beaux Arts exterior features wrought iron filigree work and gold leaf embellishment. Guest rooms have a contemporary style and beds with white duvets, but the interior maintains much of its vintage charm. Hotel historic tours are available on Saturdays to guests only. One of the most elegant public rooms is the Garden Court. Filled with tall marble columns and Austrian crystal chandeliers, its most glorious feature is a 70,000-plus-pane stained-glass dome said to be worth more than $7 million; and it is the only room on the National Register of Historic Places. Meals are served here, and since Green Goddess dressing was first created at this hotel, do try it on the Palace crab salad. A Signature Afternoon tea is served here (Saturday from 2 to 5 p.m.; $68). It is an elegant but updated affair (no chintz or tablecloths here), with fussy finger sandwiches (the Black Forest ham on focaccia includes artisan cheese and lavender mustard aïoli), rose petal jam, and a classical harpist providing background ambiance. Cream puffs and scones arrive perched on a contemporary-style, two-tiered elliptical tray and include the essential Devonshire cream and lemon curd. And nowadays after feasting, many choose to whip out their cell phones rather than linger over tea. A special Prince and Princess Tea welcomes children 10 and under with a crown or scepter and includes kid-friendly hot chocolate and peanut butter & jelly finger sandwiches. The Pied Piper Bar and Lounge is famous for the Maxfield Parrish “Pied Piper of Hamelin” painting, which was commissioned in 1909 and hangs behind the bar–dominating the room. More description and images. San Francisco Marriott Marquis 55 Fourth St./Mission St. 39 stories; 1,500 rooms. Indoor pool & hot tub; sauna; steam room; fitness room. 2 restaurants; room service. No pets. Valet parking. Referred to by locals as the “Jukebox Marriott” in recognition of its distinctive architectural design, this well-positioned mega hotel is the second-largest in San Francisco. It opened at 9 a.m. on October 17, 1989 and closed at 5:04 p.m. the same day, just after the strongest earthquake since 1906 hit this city. Fortunately, it sustained only cosmetic damage. Most rooms have a sweeping view of the city, and a panoramic view is available from the 39th-floor The View Lounge. W San Francisco 181 3rd St./Howard St. 31 stories; 410 rooms. Indoor lap pool & hot tub; fitness room; full-service spa. 1 restaurant; room service. Valet parking. Situated next door to the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, this sleek and stylish hotel greets guests with a 3-story-high octagonal lobby that buzzes with activity most evenings. Rooms feature stunning city views and fluffy down duvets. Super sleek Trace restaurant. features a wide open, yet cozy, dining room, with several ¾-circular booths providing very private seating. (www.berkeleyandbeyond2.com; copyright Carole Terwilliger Meyers)

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You carry your phone everywhere — the train, grocery store, cafes, etc. You’ll probably need to use public WiFi at some point, and while free internet is great, it can expose your device to multiple threats. A virtual private network (VPN) can help, and if you don’t have the budget for a paid VPN, we can hook you up with a free VPN for Android. Key Takeaways: Free Android VPNs - A good free VPN can help secure your connection, keep your data private and access geoblocked content on your Android device. - Many freemium VPNs have some restrictions on the free plan, either with available VPN servers, the amount of data you can use and the VPN connection speeds. - Proton VPN is the best free VPN for Android. However, we also recommend Windscribe, TunnelBear, hide.me and PrivadoVPN. A VPN encrypts your connection so any data that your Android phone transmits to the internet is always protected. The best free Android VPNs also work on other Android devices, including Android TVs. The problem is, good free VPNs are hard to come by. Choosing the wrong free VPN service could leave your data vulnerable and even infect your device. We did some research to find the best free VPN providers for Android apps. Keep reading to learn more about the top five free Android VPNs. 03/21/2023 Facts checked TunnelBear changed its free data amount to 2GB per month, up from 500MB per month. 08/08/2023 Facts checked Removed reference to TunnelBear’s discontinued Twitter/X promotion. Top Free VPNs for Android - : PayPal, Credit card, Bitcoin, cash - : 10 Average speedDownload Speed93 MbpsUpload Speed9 MbpsLatency2 ms - : PayPal, Credit card - : Unlimited $3.33 / month(save 66%)(All Plans) - : Credit card - : Unlimited - : PayPal, Credit card, bitcoin - : 10 - : PayPal, Credit card, Coinbase, SEPA, Discover - : 10 What Makes the Best Free VPN for Android? Most free VPN services are unreliable, slow and ineffective — especially if they’re on our worst free VPNs list. Searching for a free VPN online gives you a ton of options, but randomly selecting one isn’t the best choice due to numerous security and privacy concerns. Here are a few services you can trust when you need a free Android VPN: - Proton VPN — Unlimited data on three server locations with the free plan - Windscribe — Excellent security on 11 server locations and 10GB data - TunnelBear — Free servers in over 40 countries but limited to 2GB monthly - hide.me — Unlimited data, but only 10GB on eight free country servers - PrivadoVPN — Offers 10GB data free on 10 server locations We tested the best free VPN providers based on various factors. Aside from having a good Android app, the most important factor is security and privacy, especially since this is an area where free VPNs perform terribly. A good VPN should offer VPN protocols like OpenVPN, IKEv2 and WireGuard, and ciphers like AES-256 and ChaCha20, to secure your VPN connection. In addition to security, you also need a VPN that offers fast connection speeds. Free VPNs generally offer a limited number of servers on the free version. This means that each VPN server has a higher load, which translates to slower speed. The best free VPNs for Android, however, ensure the negative impact on speed is minimal. Your free Android VPN should be able to bypass geoblocks on popular streaming services like Netflix, so you can stream content from another country’s library. Unlike paid VPNs, free VPNs don’t have streaming-optimized servers, which means they often fail to bypass geoblocks. However, a few free VPNs manage to bypass geoblocks without a hitch. An intuitive interface is very important to have. Phone screens don’t offer a lot of real estate, so app interfaces can quickly become crammed if they try to fit in way too many options or buttons. The best VPN apps are creatively designed to make it easier for you to use them. Free VPNs vs Paid VPNs vs Proxies VPNs and proxies are used to access geoblocked websites. The problem, though, is that proxies don’t include encryption and are far less effective in bypassing geoblocks, especially on streaming sites, like Netflix, that ban VPN users. Proxies are also painfully slow, don’t let you select a specific server and don’t encrypt your internet connection. A VPN, on the other hand, offers extra encryption on your internet connection, effectively bypasses geoblocks and keeps you safe online. Encryption ensures your connection is private and not visible to anyone else — not even your ISP. The best VPNs are also fast and let you pick a server. If you’re on a budget, you can use a free VPN. Most free VPNs aren’t reliable, and many don’t have an Android app. We found five of the best free VPN services you can use for your Android devices. If you’re looking for the best experience and don’t mind spending a small amount, consider ExpressVPN or NordVPN (read our ExpressVPN review or NordVPN review). The 5 Best Free VPNs for Android The VPNs we recommend below are better than most free VPNs out there because these services offer a free plan as a preview to their paid service. This also means you don’t get access to all features as a free user; the free plans are limited in some way for free users. 1. Proton VPN More details about Proton VPN: - Pricing: Free, $4.99 per month (two-year plan) - Provider website: protonvpn.com - Unlimited free data - Top-notch user interface - Secure servers - Free servers in 3 countries Proton VPN is the best free Android VPN because it checks all the right boxes — it has an Android app, a strict no-logs policy, and is fast and secure. With Proton VPN, you get four security protocols including OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2 and Stealth, along with AES-256 and ChaCha20 ciphers. The app includes a kill switch and split tunneling (a feature that’s only available on Android and Windows). It’s no surprise that Proton VPN is also the best free VPN for Windows. Proton VPN unblocks all the popular streaming websites, so you can access Netflix U.S. and BBC iPlayer even when you’re not in the U.S. or U.K. The app has a great, sleek interface with a dark theme that remains intuitive and packs in a ton of detail, even on a phone screen. You can easily access many options from the home screen without being overwhelmed by them. The only drawback of using Proton VPN’s free version is that you only get access to three server locations — the U.S., Japan and the Netherlands. Unlimited data is Proton VPN’s most attractive feature. Most VPNs restrict data usage on the free version, which means you can’t stream unlimited content. However, with Proton VPN, you can stream all you want without worrying about running out of data. Sometimes, you might experience slow speeds given the lack of server location options. When many users are using a particular server, the overload will cause speeds to drop. However, you should still be able to stream buffer-free in standard definition with Proton VPN. Proton VPN’s paid version costs $9.99 when paid monthly, while the annual plan costs $5.99. The best deal (the two-year plan) cuts the cost to $4.99 per month. This is still more than premium services like NordVPN. However, if you like Proton VPN’s interface and performance, it might be worth the small investment. If you don’t like the service, you can always claim a full refund using the 30-day money-back guarantee. - Unlimited GB - Unlimited GB More details about Windscribe: - Pricing: Free, $5.75 per month (one-year plan) - Provider website: windscribe.com - Fast servers - Great security - Unblocks big streaming apps - 3-day money-back guarantee - Limited data on free plan - Only 11 free server locations Windscribe is one of the best VPNs around. It offers an excellent combination of speed and security, even on its free version. While it doesn’t offer unlimited data, it still offers one of the most generous data allowances. Additionally, Windscribe offers top-notch speeds. Our speed tests even reveal Windscribe to be faster than some premium VPN services. This means Windscribe can help you stream 4K content on your Android device without any buffering, at least until you use up the free data. The VPN offers four protocols, including OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2, Websocket Stealth and Stealth. The Android app has a kill switch (called Firewall) and split tunneling. Windscribe unfortunately doesn’t have the best interface for Android. It tries to cram in a lot of information in a tiny space, but it’s still usable. Generous Free Plan Windscribe offers a generous free plan with up to 15GB of free data per month, once you verify your email and tweet about Windscribe. You also get access to free servers in 11 countries and limited access to R.O.B.E.R.T., the ad blocker. Windscribe’s build-a-plan option gives you the flexibility to choose what you want to add to your plan without paying for one of its pre-made plans. The option has a minimum $3 checkout value. You can add three server locations for $1 each or add two server locations and unlimited data plus full access to R.O.B.E.R.T. for $1 per month. Alternatively, you can get a full-access plan that costs $9 per month, while the best deal costs $5.75 per month. That’s fairly expensive, given that services like NordVPN and Surfshark’s best deals are available at roughly half the cost. However, if you like Windscribe’s loaded feature set, it’s a great VPN to invest in. - Up to 15 GB free with email confirmation and Tweet - Unlimited GB More details about TunnelBear: - Pricing: Free, $3.33 per month (three-year plan) - Provider website: tunnelbear.com - Free servers in 40+ countries - Obfuscation tool - Beginner-friendly interface - Only 2GB on free plan TunnelBear has a minimalist interface that’s easy to understand and use. The home screen has a one-tap connect button. You can directly connect to a VPN server or pull out the list of servers to connect to a server in a specific country. The free version doesn’t limit access to any feature, so it’s truly one of the best free VPNs. However, it still has a paid plan. To encourage users to upgrade, TunnelBear offers a relatively small 2GB of free data per month. The VPN commits to zero-logging and offers OpenVPN, so you won’t need to worry about security or privacy. You also get security features like a kill switch (called VigilantBear) and split tunneling (called SplitBear). The great thing, though, is that TunnelBear offers split tunneling on its Android app. TunnelBear also has an obfuscation tool, called GhostBear. It’s a great tool for concealing VPN usage if you’re in, or traveling to, a country like China with heavy internet censorship. You can use TunnelBear to secure your connection when using public WiFi or to access geoblocked banking websites when you’re travelling. However, it’s not the best VPN for streaming or torrenting, given the low data allowance and inability to bypass geoblocks on most streaming platforms. Learn more about the service in our TunnelBear review. Access to Over 40 Servers TunnelBear offers access to a long list of server locations, even on the free plan. Not only does this help reduce each server’s load, but it also enables you to acquire a free IP address of some underrepresented locations like Kenya. Be sure to read our guide on how to get a Kenyan IP address. TunnelBear’s best deal (the one-year plan) costs $3.33 per month. It’s not too expensive if you appreciate TunnelBear’s simplicity, but you can get other premium services like Surfshark at a lower cost. If you want a short-term plan, TunnelBear also offers a monthly plan costing $9.99 per month. - Unlimited GB, five devices, priority customer service - Unlimited GB - Unlimited GB, five devices per user, centralized billing, account manager, price per user per month - Unlimited GB More details about hide.me: - Pricing: Free, $4.57 per month (one-year plan) - Provider website: hide.me - Access to almost all features - Unlimited data - Great features - Can’t unblock Netflix - Limited to 8 free VPN servers hide.me combines the benefits of Proton VPN and TunnelBear by offering unlimited data and access to almost all features. However, there’s a catch: hide.me takes away the option to select a specific VPN server once you’ve used 10GB of data. Beyond 10GB, hide.me selects a server at random from one of its free servers. The hide.me free plan includes access to servers in eight countries, including Germany, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, the U.K. and the U.S. This list includes all the popular locations you might need to stream geoblocked content on your Android device. hide.me’s Android UI is minimalistic. The app offers a built-in speed test feature and a few settings, but other than that you can select a server location and connect to it. Learn more about hide.me’s feature set in our full hide.me review. hide.me offers some interesting features on the Android app, including multihop servers. Multihop servers allow you to transmit your internet traffic through two intermediary servers for additional security. If you want the paid version, hide.me’s monthly plan costs $9.95 per month, while the best deal sets you back $4.57 per month on the two-year plan. If you’re not completely satisfied, hide.me has a 30-day money-back guarantee, so you can claim a full refund. - 5 servers - Unlimited GB 1-month plan, 1-year plan More details about PrivadoVPN: - Pricing: Free, $2.50 per month (one-year plan) - Provider website: privadovpn.com - 10GB of free data per month - Servers in 10 countries - Unlocks most streaming sites - No advanced features PrivadoVPN offers an above-average data allowance of 10GB per month on the free plan. That’s good enough for streaming an occasional movie, but if you’re a binge-watcher, you’ll probably want to go with Proton VPN for the unlimited data. The PrivadoVPN Android app is similar to the desktop app in terms of design. However, the home screen is much less detailed. The cleaner interface makes sense given the smaller screen. You can access most features using the hamburger menu at the top-left and select a server by pulling up the list from the bottom. While PrivadoVPN isn’t as fast as other services like Windscribe, you’ll still be able to stream content in standard definition without buffering. The free plan offers access to servers in 10 countries and unblocks most streaming websites. Great for Streaming PrivadoVPN impressively unblocks all popular streaming websites. Even some premium services fail to bypass geoblocks on a couple of these websites, and given PrivadoVPN was launched as recently as 2019, its unblocking performance is excellent. You can access your favorite content on Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Disney Plus. You don’t get unlimited data and blazing fast speeds, but it’s a great option for streaming content occasionally from a diverse range of streaming platforms. PrivadoVPN’s monthly plan is less expensive compared to others on this list, costing $10.99 per month. The best value plan costs $2.50 per month on the annual plan. You can also give it a try risk-free using its 30-day money-back guarantee. - Unlimited GB Why Should I Use an Android VPN? You take your Android phone almost everywhere you go. When you’re not at home, you might use public or workplace WiFi networks. When you connect your phone to these, you risk your data’s integrity and privacy. Additionally, using WiFi at your work might mean you can’t access many websites that your network administrator has prohibited. Using a VPN can help you get past these blocks anonymously. Moreover, a VPN also keeps your connection encrypted, so not even your ISP will be able to read your data. When you’re using a VPN on your Android device, you’ll be able to download or stream content via torrents and streaming platforms without any hassle. What Are the Risks of Using a Free VPN for Android? Free VPNs are mostly unreliable and slow. In worse cases, they infect your device and steal your data. They don’t encrypt your connection adequately, which means your ISP and the government can access and read all your data. This defeats the purpose of using a VPN altogether. However, you can still use the free version offered by premium VPN services. The catch is that these services only offer limited access to their feature set or have a data cap. The good thing, though, is that your connection is always secure and your computer and data are always safe. Final Thoughts: Free VPN Service for Android Finding a free VPN for Android isn’t easy, as only a few are fit for use. We tested some of the best VPNs around to find the best free VPNs for Android. Our research suggests that Proton VPN is the best free VPN for Android. However, you may also choose one of the other options based on your preference. Have you used a free VPN on your Android phone before? Which one, and what was your experience like? Were you able to unblock geoblocked sites on your phone? Let us know in the comments below, and as always, thank you for reading. Yes, you might see 100% free VPNs on the internet. However, most are unreliable, slow and dangerous. Instead of using a random service, consider using one of the services we’ve recommended in this guide. We recommend Proton VPN as the best free VPN for Android.

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I am thrilled to present this second video Q&A session about the CMMC Assessment process. This CMMC Q&A is not technical Unlike many topics on this website, this discussion is relevant to ALL people interested in CMMC. Business owners, IT professionals, cybersecurity professionals, CMMC assessors, CMMC assessment organizations, etc. We purposefully try to use CMMC level 1 examples where possible, so this discussion doesn’t get very technical. CMMC Q&A about Assessments discussed in Part 2: - Assessing different sensitivities of systems within the same company. - Does the client or assessor identify the scope of assessment? - Assessment planning process. - Why do we use the word “assessment” rather than “audit”? Show notes for the interview will be added below the video. Make sure to scroll down for additional information and links. I think this is extremely valuable content for the entire DIB. Thanks to Jeff Dalton and the CMMC-AB for their efforts. Please share this with other companies and sign up for our newsletter. This series will hopefully save contractors a lot of angst about the assessment process. – Amira Text version of interview Note: This section is paraphrased by Amira Armond. If anything was misquoted, it is Amira’s fault. Please let us know if you see any major problems. For the most accurate version, watch the video! How does a company assess multiple CMMC Levels? Amira: Let’s assume we are talking about an organization that is going for CMMC Level 3. Amira: In a lot of cases, these organizations will do something called “segmenting their network” where they separate their CUI systems from the rest of the network. For example, they will have a corporate email system or a corporate Salesforce system, and then they will have separated file servers with CUI on the file servers. Amira: How do assessments work for those companies which have FCI (CMMC Level 1 protected data) on systems that aren’t CMMC Level 3? Jeff: At a big picture level, it will be rare for entire companies to be assessed at a single CMMC Maturity Level. If you take a very big company as an example, like Northrup Grumman, it is very unlikely that the entire company will get a single assessment. It is possible, but highly unlikely, due to the sheer scope and complexity. Jeff: The same thing applies to smaller companies, in that the entire company is generally not subject to CMMC ML3. The contract they are responding to is only applicable to a [division] of the company. Unless they are very small, or the entire company only performs [DoD contracts], in which case it could make sense to assess the entire company. Introduction of the term “Host Unit” Jeff: The “host unit” is the method we are asking C3PAOs to use [to define organizational scope]. In that case, [the organizational scope] could be the whole company. In other certification frameworks (ISO, ITIL, CMMI) there will be a segmentation of the assessment itself. The hierarchy is “organization” > “host unit” > “enclave”. Jeff: Not all companies will have an enclave. They will just have a host unit. Others will have corporate and enclave, but no host unit. The company (client) needs to define scope Jeff: An organization needs to clearly define the scope of their assessment to only include the segment of the organization that is required to be CMMC Level 3. They have to provide that information as part of the assessment planning process. They can provide network diagrams, organization charts, divisional boundaries, management boundaries, charge code, CAGE code, or any combination of these things, to clearly define a boundary around any of these things. The scope needs to make sense to the assessor Jeff: It will be up to the assessor to validate that those complexities are solved. It will be challenging to identify how data flows. Data flow diagrams of some sort will need to be provided to convince the assessor that the [scope] is true and real and accurate. It will be a negotiation between the assessor and the company. Jeff: The company needs to convince the assessor that the segmentation is true and real and accurate. The upside of a company doing it this way (identifying a smaller scope with segmentation) is that it reduces the overall implementation and assessment costs. The downside is that the company is limited to only that segmentation. If they bid on another contract, or other parts of the network need to be included, they will need to un-do the segmentation to accomplish that [adding scope]. Segmentation needs to be realistic and functional Jeff: You need to consider your goals and objectives. What is the company trying to accomplish? I hear a lot, “We want to skinny down our assessment to the smallest possible network segmentation”. Well, you can do that. You are allowed to do that. But I don’t recommend that you do that because the utility, the utility of your certification, is limited when you do that. So companies should consider their goals and objectives in relation to CMMC as they consider this. How does it work if FCI is segmented separately from CUI? Amira: When I first started helping clients prepare for CMMC Level 3, at first I was very focused on “OK, here are our level 3 systems, let’s secure them.” It wasn’t until I got deep into this effort that I realized there was a big question about the level 1 systems, the FCI systems, where most clients can’t be limited to just level 3 capable systems. If they are capable, then it is great, you just do one assessment at level 3. But in a lot of cases, especially for organizations above 200 people, especially organizations that are not just DoD, they will have FCI on systems that can’t be certified to Level 3. Literally not capable of performing the security requirements within budget. Amira: Has that come up as a discussion point? Do these companies need a Level 1 assessment that is separate from Level 3? Can an assessor say “OK, here is our Level 1 scope, and here is our Level 3 scope” and the assessor applies different requirements to each system? Jeff: It has been discussed, and a company can certainly do that. There is no preclusion for a company saying they want Level 3 on this host unit and we want to do Level 1 on other host units at the same time. That is just a planning question. You can do multiple assessments at the same time. The question remains, what is the utility of doing that? I think you described a good use case for that. We want to have FCI over there, but not CUI, and I think there is utility for that. Jeff: The question is a business question. Will companies want to do that? Will they expand the boundaries of their assessment to other parts of the organization? And I think they should. It is an excellent thing to do. If FCI for a contract is outside of the segmented enclave, the scope needs to increase Jeff: If history is any guide, we will see a laser-like focus on the contract requirements. If the contract says that “this division” or “this host unit” needs to be Level 3, then companies will really focus on that. Now if the FCI for the host unit extends out into other parts of the organization, then they need to be part of the scope. That is a little different use case. Then they need to be part of the scope. This is what I was talking about before, about the data flow. You need to follow where the data goes. So that means that those networks, if they were segmented in the way that you described, would be subject to the appraisal as well. Amira: OK. We should probably talk about this in depth at some point… Jeff: Yes, that is also a good Regan Edens question, because he has done a lot with scoping, so he could be brought into this discussion as well. Jeff: This has never been done, right? A lot of people are asking these questions. Whatever use case we account for, there will be other use cases that weren’t accounted for. That will just be the situation for the first couple of years. This happened with CMMI as well, every year I am still seeing new use cases. Some people will push the envelope, some people will ask. It will be an interesting couple of years. Amira: Next topic then. The audit charter… assessment plan… what is the term? Jeff: We call it assessment plan. The assessment plan is a very detailed artifact that is an iterative document. In other words, it isn’t a Microsoft project schedule. It is a document that defines: schedule, cost, stakeholders, sponsor, points of contact, host unit information, who we are going to interview, what types of data we will review, who will be on the assessment team. Basically everything logistically about the assessment and everything we are going to do, so the defense contractor has a clear understanding of exactly what will happen when we walk in the door. “Verification” type assessments for CMMC Jeff: This might be interesting to you. There are basically three different types of assessments in the industry. There is the “discovery assessment”, which has almost no planning done except for scheduling. The assessor walks in the door and starts asking to see things. A “verification” assessment is when everything is identified in advance. The assessor tells the client exactly what they want to see / test / interview, and asks for it to be ready before they come. This reduces confusion and stress and hassle and time for the onsite appraisal. Then there is a hybrid which is called “managed discovery” . We do some in advance (such as reviewing documents) and then when we come onsite, we discover more. Jeff: We recommend the “verification” technique which is very in-depth planning up front so that there are no surprises, and so that we can limit time onsite with the larger team. Reduces time and effort. How is assessment scope identified? Amira: You answered some of my questions there. One of my questions is “What is the client’s role in identifying scope, and is there a recommended way to identify scope to your assessment organization? Jeff: We have processes with the resulting artifacts. We have the “intake form” which is basic demographics information about the client. What their networks are like, who the CEO and directors are. Basic information. Assessment sponsor, point of contact Jeff: Then we have the planning process, where scoping takes place. We require an assessment sponsor, normally a senior leader in the company, and an assessment point of contact, to provide that scoping information. It starts initially with the [DoD] contract – what does the contract require? Is the scope sufficiently covered? Then it will be a conversation between the assessor, C3PAO, and the defense contractor. Scope starts with where FCI and CUI for the contract(s) exists Jeff: It will be a similar conversation to what we are having now. Where is the FCI? The CUI? The [provisional] assessors have gone through some training on this. We said, “You need to keep your eye out for accuracy of scoping”. What happens a lot in the industry, is the company being assessed will have an idea in their mind of what the scope should be. They might say “We’ve picked the three contracts that will be the subject of the scope”, and we ask “Well, how many contracts total do you have?” “Oh, we have 500”. Well, we need to re-examine the scope then because it isn’t credible. That is an extreme example. Jeff: It will be a combination of contract scope, the sponsor’s desire for the utility of the assessment, the point of contact’s knowledge of the network and the organization, and the assessor’s knowledge of the requirements and what needs to be looked at. It will be a discussion based on those characteristics. Then the sponsor needs to sign off on the scope. Basically everything in the plan needs to be signed off by the senior executive at the defense contractor. So they need to take responsibility for the scoping and the evidence and the entire assessment, because they are the ones conducting it, and we can’t take responsibility because we aren’t part of the company. So if anything was mis-stated or mis-understood, then the sponsor owns that process for changing the plan. What about certification before the defense contractor has the work? Amira: Let me channel my “inner OSC”. And in case anyone doesn’t know, OSC stands for Organization Seeking Certification – the defense contractor seeking CMMC. Jeff: Right now, yeah, generally. Amira: So say they are getting a CMMC Level 1 certification. The idea is they will be bidding on a DoD contract that requires CMMC Level 1. And as part of the bid, they will be saying they have a CMMC certificate, they identify the information system that is certified, and that they plan to use this information system to perform this contract. Is that correct? Jeff: Yes, that is what the host unit is about. The information system will be identified by the organization somehow: “this network inside of Infrastructure Services” – whatever the host unit is, that is described, will be defined by the defense contractor based on contract requirements. Amira: If the contractor doesn’t have the contract already, if they aren’t performing the work, is the defense contractor saying “This is what I would use, if I won?” Jeff: Right. “This is what we plan to use for this.” “This is our projected use case.” “This is the system and people that will be performing the work.” They will need to scope it that way. The defense contractor won’t have the contract yet, they will have the RFP. Just like any other technology RFP, they will be describing how they plan to do the work. Jeff: That will be part of their discussion with the assessor. The assessor will want to see what the projected plan is, and whether that aligns with their scope. Mixing Level 1 and Level 3 in the same assessment Amira: If there is a desired maturity level that is higher than Level 1… meaning the client wants to get CMMC Level 2, or Level 3, or higher… When the client is identifying their scope, should they say “on this system, I want Level 1, on that system, I want Level 3”? Jeff: If you are getting a Level 3 assessment on a system, then you are also getting Level 1 on a system. But if you are saying “I want network A, or organization A, to be Level 3” and “I want organization B and network B to be Level 1”, that is a restating of your earlier question. I think that is possible. But it is important for people to understand that if you conduct a Level 3 assessment on a system, you are also performing a Level 1 assessment on that system. Does the C3PAO re-state their understanding in the assessment plan? (as opposed to using a client statement unaltered) Amira: When the C3PAO comes back with the assessment plan, would that plan re-iterate the data locations and the systems that are considered in-scope by the C3PAO? Jeff: Yes, it should. A big part of the plan is scoping. Three parties need to agree to the scoping plan: Assessor, C3PAO, and executive sponsor at the defense contractor. They need to sign off on the scope so that everyone is exactly on the same page. Assessment plans need to be signed by Assessors, C3PAO, and executive sponsor (defense contractor) Jeff: I like to say on my plans, “Let’s all sign off on this so that we can remain friends.” Assessments can be emotional events. If you haven’t been through a formal assessment, you may not have a feel for it… but people don’t like other people judging them. At all. Especially technology people, they seem to have real trouble with it. It is difficult. So there is often disagreement with the findings. “You guys don’t have this.” “Oh yes we do.” So it is really important that all of this is signed off and agreed upon in advance, in case of emotion. And assessors get emotional too, it isn’t just defense contractors. So we need a very fact-based process. Does the assessment plan go to the individual practice level? Amira: Does the assessment plan get into great detail about scoping for individual requirements or practices? For example, would you say “For this practice, we will evaluate this set of systems, and for this other practice we will evaluate this other set of systems.”? Or is it more ad-hoc? Jeff: There are two tools for that. The plan is one of them. The current plan, which is just a template at this point, asks a little more generically. “We want to look at this network, or we want to look at these things.” It isn’t a list of 500 things. It is a smaller list. We have also given provisional assessors a tool for this. So far we’ve given them [provisional assessors] an excel workbook that has all the practices, and some examples of what is expected. This is a great thing to use for planning, and it could be given to the customer to help explain what is expected for each practice. Is it required? No. That is part of the managed discovery view where we want the assessors to do a lot of planning upfront, but not do everything upfront. So some of them are going to be using that tool. They could say “Here’s the inventory we might look at, but we’re going to find out when I get there, exactly what the answer is for specific practices.” About purchasing pre-made policy and procedure templates Jeff: There is a fine line with what we give [the assessors]. If we publish a document with exactly the kinds of work products that we are looking for, a lot of people would applaud and say it is helpful. The downside is that enterprising consultants will get a copy, go to the clients, and tell them they need to do exactly these things and they will be compliant. To me, I think this is backwards. We want to give suggestions, but we don’t want companies copying these things exactly. The processes need to live in their organization as part of their normal operations. Jeff: I’ve seen this on LinkedIn already. I’ve seen companies advertising CMMC Compliant templates. Templates by themselves don’t get you there. This is about people, processes, and technology. Not just templates. Amira: I can echo you on this, I’ve heard offhand comments from people working toward Certified Assessor, that if they found a [well known] policy set at one of the defense contractors being assessed, that the assessor would dig deeper to make sure the company is actually using them. Jeff: I could do a whole session on templates. I think “templates are interesting, but not relevant.” They are an example of what one person thinks is the answer. If you are struggling to understand what a practice is about, a template could help you by showing you what one person thinks it is about. But I promise you, if you buy another company’s templates, it will be different. I’ve already experienced this with the working groups, where there was disagreement on the examples that were created. Different companies have different use cases. This proves out the idea that CMMC is an “assessment”, not an “audit”. This needs to be context driven, and this will be challenging. Why is “assessment” used instead of “audit” for CMMC? Amira: I can’t help but follow up on this. One of my questions is, “What is the difference between an assessment and an audit?” Because apparently there is a difference. Jeff: I think there is a difference. It isn’t just me, the industry thinks there is a difference. Katie Arrington thinks there is a difference. The DoD thinks there is a difference. Jeff: An assessment is about context. For the most part, the practices in the model are descriptive, not prescriptive. They don’t say exactly what to do, they tell you the kinds of thing you should do. Your implementation of that particular practice is contextual, based on your company and your culture and the way you do work. So for example, a policy at Lockheed Martin [a very large defense contractor] is a very serious thing that is reviewed by Legal, Management, working groups. Revisions are done, everyone signs off and adheres to the process. And that makes sense when you have 70,000 people in the company. But when you have a 10 person company, I don’t need that level of rigor. The CEO writes a policy, posts it on a portal, and tells everyone to do it. There is more to it than that, but that is the basic delivery mechanism. Jeff: So if I had an audit, I would have [very specific questions]. Reviewed by a working group? Signed off by… Done by…? Whatever those characteristics are, if we are doing an audit, it needs to be a Yes or No. Jeff: There is sort of a “high trust” and “low trust” paradigm here. The audit model is very low trust. The people who wrote it know what the correct answer is. It is either Yes or No. An IRS audit has no negotiation. They know the answer and you need to comply. With an assessment, we are saying “we are looking for these kinds of things. For your culture, your use case, tell us how you are satisfying that.” It is a context driven answer versus a yes or no. Jeff: There are some things that are yes or no. “Do you have a lock on the door?” Yes or no. But even then, with everyone working from home, what does a lock on the door mean? In some communities, it could be a screen door and it works. In other communities, I could need three deadbolts. Jeff: It comes down to high trust or low trust. An audit is low trust. The ones that wrote the audit method know best and we need to comply with that. An assessment is high trust. An assessment method is much more high trust. The writers did research, created examples, said they think that it should be done something like this. Then the defense contractor implements it in a way that is best for them, and the assessors are trained to make the connection between those two things. Jeff: So to me, I think they are very different. To me, the high trust version, the assessment, is healthier and better for the organization. It helps stickiness. Stickiness is when people actually keep doing the things what you asked them to do. So if I audit you, threatening you with a stick, and say you must do this and this and this… I’m pretty sure that as soon as the auditor leaves, the company will stop doing it. So I think it is a lot better. Does the “assessment” philosophy give some wiggle room to pass despite a missed Assessment Objective? Amira: The DoD assessment guides [for CMMC] do seem to follow-up on what you say. They look for characteristics of compliance, or characteristics of secure practice. They don’t say “do this exact thing.” With this philosophy (and this could get you in trouble…) could an assessor pick out an Assessment Objective and say “Well, this one isn’t met, but let’s call this overall practice good because I don’t think it really matters for this organization.” Jeff: Well, I’m not going to comment on the DoD’s position on things. They own the policy on this topic. An assessment is about “are they meeting the intent”, and the objectives and the examples are designed to clarify the intent of the practice. So if I’m an assessor, then my goal is to clarify the intent, using the assessment guide to inform me as to the intent of the authors of the CMMC model. So if I believe, and the assessment team agrees, that the defense contractor has met the intent of the practice, then I’d say that you’ve met the intent of the practice and that is a pass. There are so many objectives and so many examples that I can’t really comment on whether one or two or others aren’t there. Jeff: I’ll take a wild stab and say that there are objectives in there that shouldn’t be in there, and there are objectives that should be in there, that aren’t in there. Because there are a lot of them, and it is version 1.0. It is a little like the template example that we talked about before. Jeff: What makes me uncomfortable with objectives is that will be the only thing that people look at. So [consultants] will take the assessment guide, take that to clients, and tell them to just do the exact things that are listed there. There is history here. With CMMI, back in 2001, they used to list work products for each practice. So a bunch of companies started doing the work products, that was it. And those work products had nothing to do with their businesses or their goals. All they had to do was reverse-engineer it. And then some enterprising consultant came out with a book with one page per document. All you had to do was fill it out by hand, send it to the assessor, and you are level 3. It’s like the templates. That’s just crazy! All of those artifacts [don’t match your company]. Jeff: I don’t know all of the objectives. I don’t have them all memorized. But I would say that it is about the intent of the practice. That is what we are trying to validate, the intent of the practice. Amira: I’ve been through a few self-assessments with my own company, or with clients. I’m literally going through those assessment objectives one by one, Met, Not Met, one by one. I can tell you that there isn’t a lot of wiggle room for them. But I do appreciate the intent idea. And this seems to be supported by the CMMC Model, where it says you can have a plan of action for temporary issues. For example, one of the requirements is that you have antivirus on all computers. And the day before the assessment, one of your computers stopped reporting it’s antivirus. I would hope that you wouldn’t fail your assessment based on that one computer, as long as you’ve got a process to notice the problem, track it, and fix it pretty quickly. Jeff: I’m not going to address individual yes or no’s… whether I would or would not pass that. But I think you are articulating the overall intent of the model, which is improvement, and improving performance. So to me, as an assessor, if we failed someone based on that scenario, I’d wonder if we were improving performance. But I won’t get into specific scenarios because each one is very unique. Is the assessment plan expected to be performed as part of the bid process? Or is it paid? Amira: I have one last question. Is the assessment plan built before there is a contract with the defense contractor? As part of the bidding process? Because that is a lot of work! Or should we expect to have a contract then build the assessment plan? Jeff: This is a question that has come up before. It is less of a CMMC-AB or DoD question than one about how to run your business. I love questions like these, because they aren’t policy. I can’t get in trouble with questions like this. Jeff: What I encouraged provisional assessors to consider during the class, is that this is a business. If you are going to do work on behalf of a client, you should be paid for it. That is how the system works. I would encourage any C3PAO that is speaking with a client, to discuss the minimum amount of time involved in creating the scope of the assessment. The scope of work. And I would establish that if any new information comes to light, that the scope will change. So many of the headaches we see in the consulting business is that we don’t adequately prepare our customers for change. We don’t say “It’s going to be $1, but if what you told me isn’t actually correct, it will cost more.” What I do with my own company, for this type of engagement, is we split this into phases. Have a phase 1 for planning, which is a required engagement in the model. Since it has to happen, why not have an engagement for just the planning piece? Jeff: I tell my clients, “I don’t know anything about you, other than this brief discussion we’ve had over the phone.” It is kind of like going to a builder and saying “I want a house, how much will it cost?”. The builder says, “Lets have an architecture drawing and go through options, and that will cost $100, and then I’ll tell you what it will cost. And the customer says “OK”. So I’d encourage everyone to follow generally accepted business practices and have a planning period that is funded, and just do minimal planning before a contract. Jeff: We don’t want to see assessors quoting an engagement for $12,000 and then the defense contractor says, “oh by the way, I didn’t mention it, but we are Northrup Grumman.” We don’t want to see that sort of thing happening. We think the planning is big enough that it should be an engagement by itself. <finish out, discuss next interview plans> Thanks for the read, all! Please share this with Defense Industrial Base contractors who are interested in getting CMMC certified. This series of interviews should be very helpful in understanding the assessment process. Thanks again to the CMMC-AB for authorizing this interview and helping the ecosystem stay on track. V. Amira Armond (CISSP, CISA, PMP, MBA) is a computer systems architect, cyber-security consultant, and owner of Kieri Solutions LLC. Kieri Solutions LLC is in progress to become a CMMC assessment organization and has several Registered Practitioners and Certified Assessor candidates on staff. Amira is also the chief editor for cmmcaudit.org, a public resource for news and informational articles about the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification.

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Points in basketball are used to keep track of the score in a game. Points can be accumulated by making field goals (two or three points) or free throws (one point). If a player makes a field goal from within the three-point line, the player scores two points. If the player makes a field goal from beyond the three-point line, the player scores three points. The team that has recorded the most points at the end of a game is declared that game’s winner. Etymology is the study of the origin and development of words, their meanings, uses, and relationships to other words. It is a fundamental part of linguistics and language studies. The term comes from the Greek ἔτυμος (étumos), meaning “true sense or meaning”. The English word ‘point’ has a long history stretching over the centuries. It originated in Latin as punctus, which meant ‘a mark’ or ‘a dot’, referring to the dots which were used to separate written sentences in ancient manuscripts. By the twelfth century it had taken on its modern meaning of ‘an individual element of something larger’ and was also being used in geometry to refer to a precise location on a line or curve. The noun form of point has been used since the 15th century when referring to units that could be allocated for different tasks, services or later for credit points within universities. In 1663 it began appearing in references denoting monetary sums such as gold coins and currency values; this then shifted more towards reward programmes with airlines offering air miles based on flights taken by passengers often called ‘points’. By the 18th century, point was being applied by mathematicians who developed various theories using concepts such as Cartesian points – named after René Descartes who developed analytical geometry – where each point represents a location on a coordinate system relative to two axes at right angles to one another. Today we use point not only as an indication of quantity but also direction; this derivative can be seen with examples such as North-west (NW) where NW is made up from two directions forming one pointing direction – North West! It is clear that over many years since its Latin roots “punctus” first appeared in manuscripts; point has adapted itself into many contexts across cultures changing its application from physical objects through mathematics into digital rewards today! Beliefs are a very important part of a person’s life. They provide a foundation for one’s thoughts and actions, and they ultimately shape the way that they interact with the world. Beliefs can be inherited, acquired, or even developed by an individual in their lifetime. Consequently, beliefs can be seen as the core of what makes an individual unique. The concept of ‘belief’ itself is not new and has varying definitions depending on its context. In general, beliefs are intellectual convictions that people place their trust in; these convictions may range from religious or philosophical to scientific in nature. For example, if one holds a belief in a particular religion then it means they have faith in certain doctrines or principles that have been set out within that specific faith. Some people might also believe in the scientific theories presented by scientists such as Charles Darwin or Albert Einstein. In some cases our beliefs may conflict with those of another person or group; this could lead to disagreements over issues such as politics or morality. Furthermore, it could lead to misunderstandings between individuals since everyone has their own set of values which have been formed throughout their lifetime by their experiences and interactions with other people who hold different views than them. As previously mentioned though, one’s beliefs are not always fixed; they can be changed over time through new experiences or perspectives gained from others. Beliefs play an important role in human life; without them we would lack any sense of direction or motivation for going forward into the future. They serve as a moral compass guiding us towards making decisions which align with our values and goals; this allows us to create lasting relationships with other people who share similar convictions as ours – thus creating solidarity amongst humans regardless of cultural differences between individuals . Ultimately our beliefs help form who we are as individuals and contribute significantly to how we interact with each other both online and offline – thereby helping define human society as a whole. Points and Practices is a term that has been used to refer to methods and strategies used in the practice of various activities. They can be used for any activity, from sports to business, or even for everyday life. In order to use points and practices correctly, it is important to understand what they are and how they are used. A point is a technique or strategy that can be applied in an activity. Points are typically either an action or method with specific goals in mind. For example, in basketball, points could mean executing a certain move on the court such as a jump shot or layup. Points can also include skills or knowledge such as understanding the rules of basketball or understanding certain offensive plays. Practices are activities done by individuals or groups that help them reach their goals. Practices usually involve repetitive exercises that help develop skills needed for a given activity. For example, practicing shooting drills helps basketball players better understand angles and timing when it comes to making shots on the court. Practices also reinforce good habits and teach players new things about the game that can give them an edge over opponents. Books are an important part of human culture and have been around since ancient times. There is evidence that books have been produced as far back as 3500 BC, with the earliest example being a clay tablet from Mesopotamia. Since then, books have evolved into a variety of formats including paperbacks and e-books, all of which are used for reading, learning and entertainment. Books typically contain text or images organized into chapters or sections. They may also include illustrations, photographs, maps, dialogues and other materials to help explain the content. Books can be divided into different genres such as fiction, non-fiction and fantasy. Each genre can encompass multiple topics including science, philosophy, history, religion and literature. Some books focus on specific themes while others cover a wide range of topics. The primary purpose of books is to provide information in an easy to comprehend format. They allow readers to absorb ideas and learn new knowledge without having to search through multiple sources of information. This makes them an invaluable resource for students, teachers and researchers alike who need to find reliable information quickly. No matter what the purpose is for reading a book it is clear that they play an important role both educationally and culturally throughout the world by providing valuable information in engaging ways that encourage independent thought and exploration of ideas beyond traditional boundaries. Demographics is a term often used in the social sciences that refers to the study of populations and how they are distributed, organized, divided, and related to each other. Demographers study aspects such as fertility rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, education levels, economic status, religious affiliations, language usage and family structure. This field of population research helps inform public policy decisions such as health care provision and housing availability. Demography can be broken down into two main parts: macro-demography (large scale population dynamics) and micro-demography (small scale population dynamics). Macro-demography looks at overall trends in population growth or decline over time and space while micro-demography focuses on smaller changes within a single population or community. One important aspect of demography is fertility rates. Fertility rate measures the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. High fertility rates tend to be associated with poorer countries where poverty can lead families to have more children in order to ensure their survival or increase their wealth. Low fertility rates tend to be found in wealthier countries where people may delay having children due to financial insecurity or career pressures. Another important factor looked at by demographers is migration patterns; this includes both internal movements (within one country) and international movements (across borders). Countries experiencing net emigration outflows may struggle economically due to loss of skilled labor while those receiving immigrants may benefit from an influx of new talent or workers with specialized skills. Migratory trends can also shape regional cultures through exposure to diverse languages and customs from around the world. Businesses / Structures / Denominations Points are a type of payment system that can be used for a variety of financial transactions. Points can be earned, spent and transferred between various business structures and denominations. Businesses use points to reward customers for their patronage, encourage loyalty and build customer relationships. Through the use of incentives such as discounts, coupons or cashback offers, businesses are able to incentivize customers to purchase more goods or services. For example, an airline may reward passengers with points for every flight they take on their airline. Those points can then be used to purchase products or upgrades on future flights taken on that same airline. Structures such as banks and credit card companies also offer point systems as an incentive for customers to sign up for their services and continue to make transactions through them. Banks will often offer points when customers open accounts or make certain transactions like direct deposits or transfers. Credit card companies can offer points when customers pay off their balances in full each month. Overall, the use of point systems has become increasingly popular among businesses looking to increase customer loyalty and engagement while offering additional value through rewards-based incentives. With so many different incarnations across a variety of businesses and denominations, it is clear that points provide a valuable tool in building strong relationships between customers and the entities they interact with regularly. Cultural influence is the process by which a culture, or its customs, beliefs, values and other practices, are adopted and adapted by another. It is a powerful force that shapes our thinking and behavior in subtle ways. From early on in human history, cultures have been shaped and defined by the influences of those around them. Through trade, conquest and migration, different societies have taken on aspects of one another’s cultures while still maintaining their own unique identities. Today, cultural influence is often seen in the form of globalization. Globalization has allowed for increased contact between nations from all over the world leading to more cultural exchange than ever before. This interconnectivity through media technology like television programs, radio broadcasts and internet access has enabled people from diverse backgrounds to share ideas with each other across vast distances. Cultural influences are also evident in terms of food choices with many countries having adopted certain foods from foreign sources while retaining their own local flavors at the same time. Aside from overseas exchange there are also internal forms of cultural influence within a given society itself that should not be overlooked when studying this phenomenon. This can come in the form of peer pressure or family expectations both within small groups such as neighborhoods or larger groups such as ethnic/religious communities that may have certain practiced norms stemming back generations or centuries ago but still hold sway over current behavior patterns today either consciously or unconsciously among members of those respective groupings. Criticism / Persecution / Apologetics Criticism, Persecution, and Apologetics are three key points in the study of religion and religious history. Criticism refers to the questioning and challenging of religious beliefs, practices, and texts; persecution refers to the hostile acts committed against people for their religious beliefs; and apologetics is the defense of a particular faith by its adherents. The act of persecuting someone based on their religious beliefs has occurred throughout history. In pre-modern societies it was often carried out under governmental edicts or social norms that restricted certain faiths or belief systems. For example, in ancient Rome there were laws restricting some Jewish religious practices such as circumcision; in medieval Europe Jews faced frequent persecution due to anti-Semitic sentiment; in modern times minorities have faced discrimination in many countries for their religious beliefs. Persecution can range from verbal harassment to imprisonment or death depending on the severity of an individual’s beliefs and degree of opposition from those in power. The word ‘apologetics’ comes from Greek word ‘apologeomai’ which means ‘to speak in defense’. Apologetics is a form of argumentation aimed at defending one’s own faith against external challenges or attacks by nonbelievers. Its primary purpose is to provide logical reasons why one should accept a particular religion instead of rejecting it outrightly. It seeks to answer questions about the origin, meaning, nature, and destiny of life from an objective point of view while still maintaining an individual’s personal relationship with his/her faith tradition whether it be Christianity, Islam, Judaism etc.. Among other things apologists also examine competing arguments from other ideologies (e.g., atheism) as well as point out errors within rival religions that may lead potential converts away from them towards their own religion instead. Points are units of measure that are used to quantify the magnitude or amount of something. Types of points include linear, area, volume, and angular points. Linear points measure the length or distance between two objects. A linear point is represented by a single number, such as six inches or ten centimeters. Linear points can also be expressed in terms of degrees for angles. Area points measure the area between two objects, such as a triangle or square. Area is measured in units such as squared meters or acres, and is calculated by multiplying a length point by another length point. Volume points measure the three-dimensional space between an object’s surface and its center point. Volume can be calculated by multiplying a length point three times over, such as when measuring the volume of a cube with sides measuring four inches each. Units for volume include cubic centimeters and cubic feet. Angular points measure the angle between two lines that intersect at a given point in space. Angular points are expressed in terms of degrees; for example, a 90-degree angle has one side perpendicular to the other side. Other commonly used angles include 45-degrees and 180-degrees (a straight line). Points can also be combined to form shapes with higher levels of complexity than single linear and angular points alone can create; these shapes may contain multiple linear and angular points within them (such as triangles and squares). Points can also be grouped together to form curved surfaces such as spheres or cylinders which have their own measurements based on circumference and radius respectively. Languages are one of the most important points of communication between people. Throughout history, different languages and dialects have been used to help people communicate with each other across cultures, countries, and continents. Whether written or spoken, language has helped us to understand one another better and to foster relationships that span vast distances. Language has shaped our world in numerous ways. It has enabled civilizations to develop intricate systems of laws, religions, and governments; it has allowed engineers to design complex machines and technologies; it has enabled scientists to make discoveries about our world; it has provided artists with a means of expressing their visions; and it has given poets an avenue for exploring the beauty of language itself. While many languages are similar in structure, they differ in terms of pronunciation and vocabulary. These differences can be seen across cultures—French speakers might say “bonjour” instead of “hello,” while Spanish speakers would use “hola.” In addition to providing us with a way to communicate with each other, languages also offer insight into different cultures and ideologies. For instance, Japanese is very formal compared to English because its grammar rules put emphasis on politeness and respect for elders—something Western culture often lacks. In contrast, German is known for its directness because its language encourages clear statements without sugarcoating phrasing. By studying a language’s syntax, morphology (the way words change), semantics (the meaning behind words), phonology (the sound system used), and pragmatics (how sentence structure works together), we can learn how different cultures view themselves as well as how they view others. Regions are areas of the world that have been divided up for political, economic, and cultural reasons. In many cases, regions have been established to facilitate trade, communication, and other forms of cooperation between different peoples or countries. Regions can also be used to define distinct divisions within a larger nation-state. There are various ways to divide regions, depending on the type of region being discussed. Political boundaries are often used to divide regions into countries, states, or provinces; while physical features such as mountains or rivers can form natural borders between them. Economic regions may include major cities or industrial complexes; while cultural regions may be based around shared language, religion, or ethnicity. When discussing the concept of “regions” in general terms, there are a few points to consider: First is size. Some regions may encompass an entire continent; while others may only cover a single small town or village. Second is geographical boundaries – these can range from clearly delineated traditional borders to more abstract concepts such as watersheds or climate zones. Third is population density – some regions will be heavily populated while others will have very few inhabitants. Finally there is topography – this could refer to landforms and terrain such as plains and mountain ranges; waterways like rivers and oceans; vegetation including forests and deserts; and other permanent geographic features like islands or peninsulas. The term “region” itself has multiple connotations depending on context. It could refer to an area with specific economic characteristics such as East Asia’s Pacific Rim; political affiliations like the European Union; racial homogeneity like Sub-Saharan Africa; religious similarities like the Middle East; historical connections like Latin America; or even national identity like North America’s “Rust Belt” region. In each case it identifies something unique about a certain area of the world compared to its immediate neighbors – whether it’s their shared language, culture, economics, politics etcetera – whatever makes them special when compared with similarly sized areas nearby. A founder is a person who establishes or sets up an organization, company, team, society, club or other structure. They are often the leader and innovator of a given venture and are responsible for playing a major role in the development of a project by bringing together various elements such as financial resources, human resources and material resources. In some cases, founders may also be responsible for providing initial funding or capital to establish their venture. Founders can come from all backgrounds with varying levels of knowledge and experience in the industry they are setting up in. They usually have strong technical backgrounds which allow them to make decisions on the direction for their organization. Founders often have an entrepreneurial spirit and vision that drives them to make calculated risks in order to succeed within their chosen markets. The task of a founder extends beyond just establishing an organization – they must also oversee its management and ensure that it stays true to its core values in order for it to succeed. This means being able to develop effective strategies that will help it remain competitive in its market while also responding quickly and efficiently to changes as needed. An effective founder must be able to provide clear direction while understanding when delegation is necessary, allowing their team members to flourish within their roles while also holding them accountable for their objectives. History / Origin Points have been an integral part of mathematics and geometry since ancient times. The earliest known use of points was in the Babylonian clay tablets, which date back to the 18th century BC. In these early writings, points were used to form figures and solve mathematical problems. Points were also used by the Egyptians in their hieroglyphics and paintings, as well as by other civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans. In Euclidean geometry, a point is defined as a location in space having no length, width or depth. A point is represented by an arrow with its tip representing its position. Although its importance has been recognized for centuries, points only began to be formally studied in the 19th century with the development of analytic geometry. In analytic geometry, points are described using coordinates that are used to calculate distances or angles between them. Analytic geometry paved the way for numerous advances in mathematics during this period such as calculus and vector analysis which relied heavily on points and their properties to study motion and forces.

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Cargo to Russia from international cities involves a complex network of logistics and coordination, spanning vast distances and diverse terrains. From bustling metropolises like New York City to major hubs like London or Dubai, goods destined for Russia undergo meticulous planning and execution to ensure seamless transit. The journey typically begins with meticulous packing and documentation, where cargo is carefully loaded onto trucks, ships, or airplanes depending on the nature of the goods and the urgency of delivery. In New York City, for instance, cargo may embark on a journey through the bustling ports of Newark or Elizabeth before setting sail across the Atlantic Ocean. Meanwhile, in Dubai, a strategic global hub, cargo undergoes rigorous customs clearance and consolidation before being routed through various transportation modes, including air and sea, to reach Russian destinations such as Moscow or St. Petersburg. Along the way, cargo faces myriad challenges, from fluctuating fuel prices to geopolitical tensions, necessitating agile problem-solving and contingency planning by logistics professionals. Air Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services from International City to Russia offer a seamless logistical solution for businesses and individuals seeking efficient transportation of goods. With a focus on reliability and professionalism, our air cargo services provide a comprehensive range of options to cater to diverse needs. Whether it’s time-sensitive materials, perishable goods, or oversized cargo, we ensure timely delivery to destinations across Russia. Our team of experts meticulously plans each shipment, utilizing advanced tracking systems to provide real-time updates to clients, ensuring transparency and peace of mind throughout the process. Collaborating with trusted carriers and adhering to strict safety protocols, we guarantee the secure handling and transportation of all cargo, maintaining the integrity of goods from origin to destination. Additionally, our customer-centric approach means tailored solutions designed to meet specific requirements, offering flexibility and convenience to our valued clientele. From streamlined customs clearance to door-to-door delivery, our end-to-end service ensures a hassle-free experience, empowering businesses to focus on their core operations while we take care of their cargo needs. Whether it’s enhancing supply chain efficiency or fulfilling urgent shipment demands, our air cargo services to Russia stand as a testament to our commitment to excellence in freight forwarding. Sea Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from international cities are facilitated by a network of logistics providers adept at navigating the complexities of international trade. With Russia’s vast expanse and diverse terrain, transporting cargo via sea routes presents an efficient and cost-effective option for businesses seeking to engage in import and export activities. From the bustling ports of major international cities, cargo destined for Russia embarks on a journey overseen by experienced professionals versed in customs regulations, documentation requirements, and transportation logistics. Leveraging modern technologies and industry best practices, these providers ensure the smooth flow of goods across borders, mitigating risks and optimizing supply chain efficiency. Whether it’s raw materials, consumer goods, or industrial equipment, cargo bound for Russia undergoes meticulous handling and tracking throughout its voyage, ensuring timely delivery and customer satisfaction. Collaborating with shipping lines, freight forwarders, and customs brokers, cargo services to Russia from international cities are tailored to meet the unique needs of each client, fostering trade relations and driving economic growth. As global commerce continues to evolve, the demand for reliable and efficient sea cargo services to Russia remains steadfast, underscoring the importance of a robust logistics infrastructure and a commitment to excellence in international trade. FCL and LCL Container Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia encompass a diverse array of options tailored to meet the unique needs of businesses and individuals alike. From full container load (FCL) to less than container load (LCL) shipments, the logistics landscape is designed to ensure efficiency and reliability in transporting goods to international cities. FCL cargo, ideal for businesses with large quantities of goods, offers the advantage of exclusive use of a container, minimizing handling and reducing the risk of damage. This option provides a streamlined process, from pickup at the origin to delivery at the destination, ensuring the integrity and security of the cargo throughout the journey. On the other hand, LCL shipments provide a cost-effective solution for smaller consignments, allowing multiple shippers to share space within a single container. With consolidation services, LCL shipments offer flexibility and affordability without compromising on quality or timeliness. Regardless of the chosen method, efficient logistics management is essential to ensure seamless transportation, compliance with regulations, and timely delivery. International cities serve as vital hubs for global trade, requiring robust infrastructure and expertise to navigate complex customs procedures and regulations. Forward-thinking logistics providers leverage technology and strategic partnerships to optimize routes, minimize transit times, and provide end-to-end visibility into the supply chain. Courier Service to Russia From International City The significance of cargo services to Russia stems from the country’s strategic position as a major player in the global market. As a vast expanse spanning two continents, Russia boasts a diverse and dynamic economy, encompassing industries ranging from energy and natural resources to manufacturing and technology. The need for a robust courier service to facilitate the transportation of goods to and from this economic powerhouse cannot be overstated. It is within this context that cargo services to Russia take center stage, serving as the lifeline for businesses seeking to navigate the complexities of international trade. In the realm of cargo services, efficiency is the linchpin that determines success. A well-established Courier Service to Russia from International City recognizes the nuances of the trade route, optimizing every facet of the logistics chain to ensure a seamless flow of goods. This efficiency is not only a matter of convenience but a crucial element in sustaining the competitiveness of businesses operating on the global stage. Timely and reliable delivery becomes a non-negotiable factor, and cargo services to Russia become the bridge that spans the expanse between sender and receiver, seamlessly connecting international cities to the heart of the Russian market. Moreover, the nature of cargo services to Russia demands a nuanced understanding of the regulatory landscape governing international trade. Commercial items Cargo to Russia From International City Commercial items cargo to Russia from International City has never been easier with our streamlined logistics solutions. Whether you’re a business owner looking to export goods or an individual sending packages, we offer efficient and reliable shipping services tailored to your needs. Our extensive network ensures swift transportation from International City to various destinations across Russia, ensuring your cargo reaches its destination promptly. With a dedicated team overseeing every step of the process, from packaging to customs clearance, you can trust us to handle your goods with care and professionalism. We understand the importance of timely delivery, which is why we prioritize speed and efficiency without compromising on the safety of your cargo. From small parcels to large shipments, we have the expertise and resources to handle diverse cargo requirements, providing flexible options to suit your budget and timeline. Partner with us for seamless logistics solutions that simplify the complexities of international shipping, allowing you to focus on your core business activities while we take care of the rest. Experience peace of mind knowing that your commercial items cargo to Russia is in capable hands, delivering satisfaction with every shipment. Trust International City for all your shipping needs and let us help you navigate the global marketplace with confidence and ease. Personal items Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from International City offer a seamless and reliable solution for transporting personal items across borders. As individuals embark on international journeys or relocate to Russia, the need for efficient and secure cargo services becomes paramount. The process begins with meticulous packaging, ensuring that personal items are safeguarded against the rigors of transportation. Experienced logistics professionals employ industry-best practices to handle items of varying sizes and fragility, guaranteeing the safe arrival of belongings at their destination in Russia. Documentation plays a crucial role in the international cargo process, with adherence to customs regulations and legal requirements being of utmost importance. Cargo services providers streamline this aspect, guiding individuals through the documentation maze and ensuring compliance with Russian import regulations. Customs clearance is a pivotal stage in the journey of personal items from International City to Russia. The cargo services provider acts as a liaison between the shipper and customs authorities, facilitating a smooth and expedited clearance process. In-depth knowledge of Russian customs procedures is essential to navigate potential challenges and prevent delays. The cargo services team meticulously prepares and submits the required paperwork, minimizing the risk of customs-related complications. Additionally, they stay abreast of any changes in customs regulations, ensuring that shipments comply with the latest requirements. This proactive approach contributes to the overall efficiency of cargo services to Russia, fostering a reputation for reliability and professionalism. Express Delivery to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia offer a vital link between international cities and this vast Eurasian nation. With an economy booming with diverse industries, from energy to technology, the demand for efficient logistics solutions is paramount. International companies seeking to tap into the Russian market rely heavily on express delivery services to ensure timely and secure transportation of goods. From the bustling streets of Moscow to the remote regions of Siberia, the need for reliable logistics partners is ever-present. These cargo services bridge the geographical gap, providing seamless connectivity and facilitating global trade. Leveraging advanced technologies and strategic partnerships, express delivery to Russia from international cities guarantees swift transit times and streamlined customs clearance processes. Whether it’s urgent documents, perishable goods, or oversized machinery, tailored solutions cater to diverse cargo requirements. Trained professionals oversee every aspect of the delivery process, ensuring the highest standards of safety and efficiency. From warehousing facilities to last-mile delivery, a comprehensive network ensures seamless integration into Russia’s logistics ecosystem. Moreover, stringent security measures safeguard shipments against any potential risks, offering peace of mind to businesses and individuals alike. In a rapidly evolving global landscape, these cargo services serve as the backbone of international trade, facilitating the flow of goods and fostering economic growth. House Moving to Russia From International City Moving a house from one country to another, particularly from an international city to Russia, entails a complex process blending logistics, bureaucracy, and cultural adaptation. It begins with meticulous planning, where every detail, from the transportation method to legal formalities, is considered. The structural integrity of the house itself becomes a focal point, requiring reinforcement and preparation for the journey ahead. Logistics teams coordinate the intricate task of disassembling the house, ensuring its components are packaged securely for transit across borders and diverse terrains. Amidst the technical challenges, navigating bureaucratic hurdles poses another layer of complexity, involving permits, customs clearance, and adherence to local regulations, all of which demand careful attention and patience. Beyond the physical relocation, there’s a psychological adjustment for both the house and its inhabitants, as they acclimate to a new environment, climate, and cultural norms. As the house settles into its new surroundings in Russia, it undergoes a transformation, absorbing the essence of its new locale while retaining traces of its past. The process of integration unfolds gradually, marked by encounters with neighbors, exploration of the neighborhood, and the forging of new routines. Each creak and groan of the house echoes its journey, a testament to resilience and adaptability in the face of change. Car Cargo to Russia From International City | Next Movers Cargo services to Russia from international cities offer comprehensive solutions for businesses and individuals seeking efficient transportation of goods across borders. With a focus on reliability and professionalism, these services encompass various modes of transportation including air, sea, and land freight to cater to diverse needs. Leveraging advanced logistics technology and a network of partners, cargo companies ensure timely delivery and optimal handling of shipments, adhering to international standards and regulations. From automotive parts to consumer electronics, pharmaceuticals to industrial machinery, the scope of cargo transported to Russia is vast, reflecting the globalized nature of trade. Moreover, these services extend beyond mere transportation, encompassing customs clearance, warehousing, and distribution, providing end-to-end solutions for clients. In a constantly evolving global market, the ability to navigate complex logistical challenges with precision is paramount, and cargo services to Russia excel in this regard, offering seamless connectivity and streamlined processes. Whether it’s facilitating trade between multinational corporations or supporting small businesses in expanding their reach, the role of cargo services in enhancing economic ties between international cities and Russia is indispensable. Through a commitment to excellence and a customer-centric approach, these services not only bridge geographical distances but also foster growth and prosperity on both ends of the supply chain. Household Furniture Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from international cities ensure efficient and reliable transportation of household furniture, catering to the growing demand for seamless logistics solutions in the global market. With Russia emerging as a prominent destination for furniture imports, the need for specialized cargo services has become increasingly pronounced. These services encompass a spectrum of offerings, including freight forwarding, customs clearance, warehousing, and distribution, tailored to meet the unique requirements of furniture shipment. Leveraging advanced tracking technologies and strategic partnerships, cargo providers streamline the entire shipping process, from origin to destination, optimizing transit times and minimizing costs. Additionally, comprehensive insurance coverage safeguards against potential risks, providing peace of mind to both shippers and recipients. Collaborating with experienced logistics professionals ensures adherence to international regulations and standards, facilitating smooth clearance procedures at Russian ports of entry. Moreover, efficient last-mile delivery networks extend the reach of cargo services, ensuring prompt and hassle-free transportation of household furniture to various destinations across Russia. By fostering strong relationships with suppliers and customers alike, cargo services contribute to the growth and sustainability of the furniture industry, fostering economic development and consumer satisfaction. In a dynamic and competitive global market, investing in reliable cargo services to Russia emerges as a strategic imperative for furniture manufacturers and retailers seeking to capitalize on emerging opportunities and stay ahead of the curve. Auto Spare Parts Cargo to Russia From International City In facilitating the intricate logistics of auto spare parts cargo from International City to Russia, a comprehensive approach to cargo services emerges as paramount. The dynamic relationship between these two geographically distant entities necessitates a meticulous orchestration of transportation, documentation, and customs compliance. The foundation of such operations rests on the proficiency of cargo services providers, adept at navigating the complex international trade landscape. As the demand for auto spare parts transcends borders, a seamless supply chain becomes imperative for the automotive industry’s sustained growth. The journey of spare parts from the production hub of International City to the expansive market of Russia entails a strategic blend of transportation modes, from air and sea freight to road logistics, to ensure timely and cost-effective deliveries. The meticulous coordination of these services requires a harmonious collaboration between logistics professionals, carriers, and customs authorities on both ends. Stringent adherence to regulatory frameworks, coupled with an acute understanding of international trade protocols, becomes the linchpin for successful cargo transit. Amidst the myriad challenges posed by cross-border shipments, the role of technology in enhancing transparency and efficiency cannot be overstated. State-of-the-art tracking systems, real-time monitoring, and data analytics serve as indispensable tools in optimizing routes, minimizing delays, and predicting potential obstacles in the supply chain. Export and Import To Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from international cities encompass a multifaceted process that requires meticulous planning, regulatory compliance, and efficient logistics management. When exporting goods to Russia, businesses must navigate various complexities, including customs regulations, documentation requirements, and transportation logistics. Understanding the unique challenges of the Russian market, such as fluctuating import duties and complex bureaucracy, is essential for successful export operations. Partnering with experienced freight forwarders and customs brokers can streamline the export process, ensuring timely delivery and compliance with Russian import regulations. Moreover, leveraging advanced technologies like real-time tracking systems and electronic documentation can enhance visibility and transparency throughout the supply chain. Importing goods from Russia to international cities involves similar complexities, with added considerations such as import tariffs, licensing requirements, and cultural differences. Establishing strong relationships with local suppliers and freight forwarders in Russia can facilitate smooth import operations, mitigating risks and minimizing delays. Additionally, staying informed about geopolitical developments and trade policies affecting Russia is crucial for anticipating potential disruptions and adapting import strategies accordingly. Overall, successful export and import operations between Russia and international cities require strategic planning, effective communication, and a commitment to regulatory compliance in both jurisdictions. Packing and Relocation to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia offer comprehensive solutions for individuals and businesses relocating from international cities, ensuring a seamless transition to their new destination. From meticulous packing to efficient transportation, these services prioritize the safety and timely delivery of belongings. Expert professionals adeptly handle fragile items, bulky furniture, and sensitive electronics, employing industry-standard packing materials and techniques to prevent damage during transit. With a keen understanding of international regulations and customs procedures, they facilitate smooth clearance processes, minimizing delays and hassles for clients. Whether it’s a residential move or a corporate relocation, cargo services to Russia provide tailored solutions to meet specific needs, offering a range of options from air freight for urgent shipments to sea freight for cost-effective transportation of large volumes. Additionally, they offer warehousing and storage facilities, ensuring secure storage of belongings until they are ready for delivery. With a commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction, these services strive to exceed expectations, making the journey to Russia a stress-free experience for individuals and businesses alike. Personal Baggage Cargo to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from international cities require meticulous planning and execution to ensure smooth transportation of personal baggage. From the bustling streets of New York to the vibrant neighborhoods of London, individuals entrust their belongings to reliable logistics companies specializing in international cargo shipments. The process begins with careful packaging, ensuring that each item is securely wrapped and labeled for easy identification. Customized solutions are tailored to meet specific needs, whether it’s transporting household goods, personal effects, or oversized items. Documentation plays a crucial role in international shipping, with experienced professionals handling customs declarations and clearance procedures to expedite the journey. Advanced tracking systems provide real-time updates, offering peace of mind to customers awaiting their cargo’s arrival in Russia. Efficient coordination between origin and destination teams ensures timely delivery, minimizing delays and maximizing customer satisfaction. With a commitment to excellence and a network of global partners, cargo services to Russia facilitate seamless transitions for individuals relocating or sending personal belongings abroad. Whether it’s a single package or a bulk shipment, these services uphold the highest standards of reliability, security, and efficiency, making international travel and relocation a hassle-free experience for all. Door to Door Delivery to Russia From International City Cargo services to Russia from international locations require a meticulously orchestrated logistical dance, from the initial pickup to the final doorstep delivery. The journey begins with a careful assessment of the cargo’s nature, size, and urgency, determining the most suitable mode of transportation, whether by air, sea, or land. Each option presents its own set of challenges and advantages, balancing cost-effectiveness with speed and reliability. In the realm of international trade, efficiency is paramount, and every delay can have ripple effects on supply chains and customer satisfaction. Therefore, reputable logistics providers leverage their expertise to streamline customs clearance processes, navigate regulatory complexities, and optimize route planning to minimize transit times. Moreover, in a global landscape where geopolitical tensions can impact trade flows, adept handling of documentation and compliance becomes indispensable. Door-to-door delivery entails a seamless integration of various stakeholders, from carriers and customs brokers to warehousing facilities and last-mile delivery partners. The rise of digital technologies has revolutionized this ecosystem, enabling real-time tracking and communication, enhancing transparency, and facilitating agile responses to unforeseen challenges. However, amid the allure of automation and digitization, the human touch remains indispensable, particularly in fostering trust, resolving disputes, and adapting to unique customer requirements. Fridge and Washing Machines Cargo to Russia From International City Fridge and washing machines cargo to Russia from International City has seen a significant surge in demand over the past few years, reflecting both the growth of the Russian market and the increasing need for modern appliances in households across the country. With International City emerging as a key hub for logistics and trade, its strategic location and efficient infrastructure have facilitated the smooth transportation of large appliances like fridges and washing machines to various destinations, including Russia. The process involves meticulous planning, from sourcing the appliances to packaging and shipping, ensuring that the products reach their destination in optimal condition. Moreover, adherence to international standards and regulations is paramount to guaranteeing the safety and quality of the cargo throughout the journey. Collaborations between manufacturers, logistics companies, and regulatory authorities play a crucial role in streamlining this process, minimizing delays and ensuring customer satisfaction. Additionally, advancements in technology have enabled real-time tracking and monitoring of shipments, providing transparency and accountability at every stage of the supply chain. As consumer preferences evolve and the demand for energy-efficient and technologically advanced appliances grows, the market for fridge and washing machine cargo to Russia is expected to continue expanding. Electrical and Electronics items Cargo to Russia From International City Electrical and electronics items cargo to Russia from International City undergoes a meticulous process, navigating through a network of logistical intricacies. From procurement to delivery, every step demands precision to ensure the safe transport of sensitive equipment. At the heart of this operation lies comprehensive planning, where factors such as packaging, transportation mode, and regulatory compliance are meticulously considered. Each item, whether it’s circuitry components or sophisticated machinery, is meticulously packed to withstand the rigors of transit. International regulations, including customs documentation and compliance with Russian standards, must be diligently addressed to facilitate smooth passage across borders. The journey begins at the point of origin within International City, where cargo is consolidated and prepared for shipment. Careful coordination with shipping carriers ensures timely departure, with routes optimized for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Throughout transit, tracking systems provide real-time visibility, allowing for proactive management of any unforeseen challenges. Upon arrival in Russia, the cargo undergoes a thorough inspection to verify compliance with local regulations before the final distribution. The success of this operation hinges on collaboration between various stakeholders, including manufacturers, freight forwarders, and regulatory authorities.

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Prescription Of Arbitration Awards By Mr Vusi Mnguni Manager: Dispute Management PHSDSBC Does the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 apply to arbitration awards? In terms of section 145(9) of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 (PA), provides that an application to review an arbitration award, issued after 1 January 2015, interrupts the running of prescription in terms of the PA. This implied that the PA applied to claims under the Labour Relations Act No. 66 of 1995 (LRA). In light of the two Constitutional Court judgments, delivered after 1 January 2015, which deal with the prescription of arbitration awards. held that the Prescription Act does not apply to claims under the LRA. In Myathaza v Johannesburg Metropolitan Bus Services (SOC) Ltd t/a Metrobus and others 3 BLLR 213 (CC) and Mogaila v Coca Cola Fortune (Pty) Ltd JOL 37484 (CC), Mogaile determined that a reinstatement award was still enforceable after nine years and Myathaza, Jafta J decided that the PA did not apply to arbitration awards, based on the following differences between the PA and LRA: - “The PA envisaged civil courts as the only forums at which claims or debts may be enforced whilst the LRA established the CCMA and bargaining councils as forums that must resolve labour disputes far more expeditiously than the time taken in courts. The prescriptive time periods in the PA are much longer that the periods prescribed by the LRA at the pre-arbitration stage. - The PA bars creditors who fail to enforce their debts by instituting legal actions within specified periods, which are far longer than the periods prescribed by the LRA at pre-arbitration stage. - An arbitration award constitutes an outcome in terms of which a claim or dispute is finally settled between the parties. On the other hand, apart from a judgment debt that prescribes after 30 years, the PA was designed to extinguish the right to enforce a claim that is still to be determined by a court”. The judgements above emphasis that all the differences illustrate that the LRA is inconsistent with the PA. The judgment held that the inconsistency did not flow from the fact that the LRA and the PA had different prescribed time periods only, but also arose from the fact that section 158 of the LRA, empowers the Labour Court to make an award an order of court for purposes of enforcement. The application of the PA to arbitration awards effectively achieves the opposite outcome and compared to the LRA. The PA suggests that, once an award prescribes it becomes unenforceable and the Labour Court may not exercise its power to make the award an order of court. In this instance the PA disregard the LRA process that was specifically designed to enforce the right to fair labour practices. The above judgements agreed that the PA does not apply to the LRA dispute resolution system in general, concerning dismissal disputes for the following reasons: - “The referral form is a first step towards the conciliation process and the conciliation process does not constitute legal or court proceedings. - Proceedings recognised by the PA as capable of interrupting the running of prescription are proceedings that end with a court judgment. The conciliation process does not end with a judgment”. Despite the decision of the Labour Court in South African Post Office v CCMA & Others 11 BLLR 1183 (LC) where the Court specifically held (at paragraph 18) that “the CCMA (read Council) does not have a general unfairness jurisdiction” and further that “an employee referring an unfair labour practice dispute in terms of section 186 must demonstrate that it falls within that section”, despite the Council’s referral form specifically stating in paragraph 3 thereof that salary issues are excluded from the Council’s unfair labour practice relating to benefits jurisdiction, and despite countless jurisdictional rulings by the Council and its commissioners that deductions made from an employee’s salary do not fall within the purview of unfair labour practice as defined in section 186(2) of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (the LRA), the Public Health and Social Development Sectoral Bargaining Council (PHSDSBC) continue to be inundated with referrals alleging unfair labour practice the essence of which is that an employer made deductions from an employee’s remuneration or salary. In view of the continued growing number of referrals to the Council relating to deductions made from an employee’s remuneration or salary, I deemed it necessary to set out and explain the law and precedent laid down by our courts on the matter. Relevant Legal Principles Section 34 of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997 (BCEA) regulates deductions that an employer can make from an employee’s remuneration. The section reads as follows: Deductions and other acts concerning remuneration (1) An employer may not make any deduction from an employee’s remuneration unless- (a) subject to subsection (2), the employee in writing agrees to the deduction in respect of a debt specified in the agreement; or (b) the deduction is required or permitted in terms of a law, collective agreement, court order or arbitration award. (2) A deduction in terms of subsection (1)(a) may be made to reimburse an employer for loss or damage only if- (a) the loss or damage occurred in the course of employment and was due to the fault of the employee; (b) the employer has followed a fair procedure and has given the employee a reasonable opportunity to show why the deductions should not be made; (c) the total amount of the debt does not exceed the actual amount of the loss or damage; and (d) the total deductions from the employee’s remuneration in terms of this subsection do not exceed one-quarter of the employee’s remuneration in money. (3) A deduction in terms of subsection (1)(a) in respect of any goods purchased by the employee must specify the nature and quantity of the goods. (4) An employer who deducts an amount from an employee’s remuneration in terms of subsection (1) for payment to another person must pay the amount to the person in accordance with the time period and other requirements specified in the agreement, law, court order or arbitration award. (5) An employer may not require or permit an employee to- (a) repay any remuneration except for overpayments previously made by the employer resulting from an error in calculating the employee’s remuneration; or (b) acknowledge receipt of an amount greater than the remuneration actually received. The first point to note from a reading of section 34 of the BCEA is that the section does not prohibit an employer from making a deduction from an employee’s remuneration. The section states that an employer “may not…unless”. “May not … unless” means an employer may make deductions under certain conditions. Those conditions are specified in subsection 1, namely (a) subject to subsection (2), the employee in writing agrees to the deduction in respect of a debt specified in the agreement; or (b) the deduction is required or permitted in terms of a law, collective agreement, court order or arbitration award. In terms of the Interpretation Act 33 of 1957, ‘law’ means any law, proclamation, ordinance, Act of Parliament or other enactment having the force of law. In so far as public servants are concerned, section 38 of the Public Service Act 103 of 1994 reads as follows: Wrongly granted remuneration (1) (a) If an incorrect salary, salary level, salary scale or reward is awarded to an employee, the relevant executive authority shall correct it with effect from the date on which it commenced. (b) Paragraph (a) shall apply notwithstanding the fact that the employee concerned was unaware that an error had been made in the case where the correction amounts to a reduction of his or her salary. (2) If an employee contemplated in subsection (1) has in respect of his or her salary, including any portion of any allowance or other remuneration or any other benefit calculated on his or her basic salary or salary scale or awarded to him or her by reason of his or her basic salary- (a) been underpaid, an amount equal to the amount of the underpayment shall be paid to him or her, and that other benefit which he or she did not receive, shall be awarded to him or her as from a current date; or (b) been overpaid or received any such other benefit not due to him or her- (i) an amount equal to the amount of the overpayment shall be recovered from him or her by way of the deduction from his or her salary of such instalments as the relevant accounting officer may determine if he or she is in the service of the State, or, if he or she is not so in service, by way of deduction from any moneys owing to him or her by the State, or by way of legal proceedings, or partly in the former manner and partly in the latter manner; (ii) that other benefit shall be discontinued or withdrawn as from a current date, but the employee concerned shall have the right to be compensated by the State for any patrimonial loss which he or she has suffered or will suffer as a result of that discontinuation or withdrawal. (3) The accounting officer of the relevant department may remit the amount of an overpayment to be recovered in terms of subsection (2) (b) in whole or in part. The labour court recently had the honour to interpret the meaning and import of section 38 of the Public Service Act in PSA v Department of Home Affairs and Another (J189/2012) ZALCJHB 406 (12 November 2015). The court, per Tlhotlhalemaje AJ, held (at paragraph 31) that “unlike in instances where a claim is brought under section 34 of the BCEA, where an amount erroneously paid is recouped in terms of the provisions of section 38 of the PSA, and where such amounts do not constitute remuneration, an employer is not in my view obliged to get the consent of an employee before effecting the deductions. Even more significant, to the extent that the amounts erroneously paid to employees are not what they are ordinarily entitled to ex lege or ex contractu, no such obligation arises, and all that is required is of the accounting officer to exercise his or her discretion in effecting those deductions, and to act reasonably within the meaning of section 38 (2) (b) of the PSA. Thus intrinsic in those provisions is a discretion enjoyed by the accounting officer to determine what instalments should be made based on what employees can afford to repay, and such a discretion should be exercised reasonably.” In so far as the jurisdiction of the CCMA or the Council to deal with disputes relating to deductions from remuneration is concerned, the matter was addressed by the Labour court in the unreported case of Solidarity Obo Members v SFF Incorporated Association Not For Gain and Others (JR197/14) ZALCJHB 40 (13 February 2015). The briefs facts of the matter were as follows: - On 5 July 2013 SFF Incorporated Association Not for Gain (the employer) issued letters to the 24 applicant employees on whose behalf the registered trade union Solidarity was acting informing them that the employer had erroneously made overpayments in respect of performance bonuses for the financial year 2010/2011. The employees were further informed of the exact amount allegedly overpaid, and were notified that the employer intended to recover those amounts by making reductions from their salaries. The employer effected the deductions and Solidarity referred an alleged unfair labour practice dispute to the CCMA after the matter remained unresolved internally. - At the arbitration proceedings following the non-resolution of the dispute at conciliation, the Commissioner had identified the issue to be determined as whether the employer’s intention to deduct from the employees’ salaries an overpayment made in terms of an incentive bonus amounted to an unfair labour practice. The employer had raised a preliminary point to the effect that the CCMA lacked jurisdiction since the dispute did not relate to an unfair labour practice. - In considering the preliminary point, the Commissioner had regard to the definition of an unfair labour practice in section 186(2)(a) of the LRA, and concluded that from the evidence of the parties, the dispute fell outside of that definition. The Commissioner also held that the recovering of amounts that were overpaid to an employee must be dealt with in terms of section 34 of the BCEA, and thus the CCMA lacked jurisdiction. - Unhappy with the Commissioner’s ruling, Solidarity took the matter on review to the Labour Court. Labour Court’s Findings In a judgement coincidentally delivered by Tlhotlhalemaje AJ, the Labour Court made the following important and noteworthy findings: - The review test applicable in respect of jurisdictional rulings is simply whether or not the ruling was correct, and that the rationality or reasonableness test as postulated by the Constitutional Court in Sidumo and Another v Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd and Others (2008) (2) SA 24 (CC) does not apply. - Jurisdiction means ‘the power or competence of a court to hear and determine an issue between parties’ and the CCMA (read the Council) (1) is a creature of statute and is not a court of law, (2) as a general rule, it cannot decide its own jurisdiction, (3) can only make a ruling for convenience, (4) whether it has jurisdiction or not in a particular matter is a matter to be decided by the Labour Court, (5) may not grant itself jurisdiction which it does not have, (6) may not deprive itself of jurisdiction by making a wrong finding that it lacks jurisdiction which it actually has and (7) there is, nothing wrong with the CCMA enquiring whether it has jurisdiction in a particular matter provided it is understood that it does so for purposes of convenience and not because its decision on such an issue is binding in law on the parties. - The CCMA (read Council) can only determine disputes that fall within its jurisdiction as enjoined by the provisions of the LRA and other applicable pieces of legislation. - In determining whether it has jurisdiction, the CCMA (read Council) is not confined to how the parties wish to label their disputes, but rather whether the claim is one which it is competent to hear and determine. - Where the CCMA or Bargaining Council determines disputes which do not fall within their jurisdiction, any outcome in that regard will become a nullity. - Any deductions to be made to employees’ remuneration must be subject to the procedural constraints in section 34 of the BCEA. - The fact that an employer seeks to make deductions from employee’s remuneration to reverse wrongly overpaid amounts will not render such deductions an unfair labour practice, more especially since an overpayment cannot for all intents and purposes be an entitlement. - There is clearly a distinction between payments to which an employee is entitled and payments where there is no such entitlement. The latter category usually involves payments made to employees in error, and employers would ordinarily be entitled to adjust payments made so as to reflect what the employee is legitimately entitled to. - Where there is a dispute as to whether the deductions should be made or not, and which deductions can only be made in accordance with the provisions of section 34 of the BCEA, any such disputes must be adjudicated by the Labour Court, in terms of Section 77(1) of the BCEA which provides that “subject to the Constitution and the jurisdiction of the Labour Appeal Court, and except where this Act provides otherwise, the Labour Court has exclusive jurisdiction in respect of all matters in terms of this Act, except in respect of an offence specified in sections 43, 44, 46, 48, 90 and 92”. - The decision of the Commissioner to decline jurisdiction was correct both on the facts and the law. Solidarity’s review application was dismissed accordingly. Lessons and Conclusion The debate whether or not a deduction made from an employee’s remuneration constitutes an unfair labour practice has somewhat been settled by the Labour Court. So is the debate whether or not the Council has jurisdiction to deal with such disputes. In a nutshell: - Disputes about deductions from an employee’s remuneration must not be referred to the Council as they do not fall within the purview and definition of unfair labour practice in section 186(2) of the LRA. The disputes must be dealt with in terms of the provisions of section 34 of the BCEA. - The Council does not have jurisdiction to deal with disputes concerning deductions from an employee’s remuneration. - Such disputes must be referred to the Labour Court for adjudication in accordance with the provisions of section 77(1) of the BCEA.

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“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12 The hired hand, who is not the shepherd and does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and runs away—and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. 13 The hired hand runs away because a hired hand does not care for the sheep. 14 I am the good shepherd. I know my own and my own know me, 15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father. And I lay down my life for the sheep. 16 I have other sheep that do not belong to this fold. I must bring them also, and they will listen to my voice. So there will be one flock, one shepherd. 17 For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life in order to take it up again. 18 No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it up again. I have received this command from my Father.” Last week we encountered the risen Christ with palms of his hands and soles of his feet marred by the world’s sin. Jesus was willing to experience the heartache of being dis-abled by the world for the sake of transforming that same world, our world. And we were sent out with this news: Christ calls us to be witnesses to this truth. God submitted to disability so that we might overcome ours. This same truth made evident in the story of Christ, our Good Shepherd. On his own accord, caring for his flock deeply enough to lay down his life, Christ acts as our advocate, the one powerful enough to insist on fuller inclusion into God’s kingdom, you and me, and those we cannot yet see. We are a post-Easter people, which means we know that Jesus’s life, death, and resurrection fulfills this Good Shepherd analogy; Christ our redeemer, bringing us into the fold. But lest we become complacent in our communities of belonging, hear Jesus again, “I have other sheep that do not belong to this fold. I must bring them also, and they will listen to my voice. So there will be one flock, one shepherd. For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life in order to take it up again. Christ’s power is made evident in his willingness to advocate for forgotten sheep. The role of shepherd is not a glamorous one, it’s filled with risk, discomfort, and constant vigilance. And the work is worth it for Christ, “for they will hear my voice,” he says. As Christ’s followers, we walk in the ways of the Good Shepherd, caring for and seeking out all who desire to be brought into the fold.The question is- are we prepared for this work?- Are we willing to lay down our own comfort for the sake of fuller inclusion of sheep within our fold? And if we’re willing, what could that mean for our faith communities today? Last week we learned of fuller inclusion of the deaf community within God’s growing fold, and this week we are inspired by the story of another physically-unique human whom we’ll call Brooks. Brooks is my friend from NJ. He taught me many things, but what sticks with me the most is how much our communities benefit from truly listening to the voices of those often sidelined by physical impairments. Brooks is unlike anyone I’ve met, truly. He was only 18 years old when we were introduced; having just graduated HS, he was off to college. But unlike most of his college-bound peers, Brooks lived with two major impairments every day. Cerebral palsy and blindness. He’d also bravely faced tough childhood experiences. When Brooks was just a young boy, his father abandoned the family, blaming his son. Brooks carries that weight, in addition to constantly having to explain to people that neither blindness nor CP affect his intelligence. He’s picked on, shunned, ignored, laughed at, and not taken seriously most of the time. Even his HS teachers said he shouldn’t go to college. Despite it all, he continues to shine. Over the next few years, it became my true joy to witness Brooks shifting the culture around him, simply by refusing to be anyone other than who God created him to be. He’s brilliant and has an incredibly developed sense of self, which is why he successfully self-advocated for his own education on the local college campus. When everyone around him said, “It’s not possible for an 18 year-old with CP and blindness to succeed in college” he persisted and insisted, “not only will I attend college, I’ll live in the dorms, too.” And friends, he did. He earned himself a spot on the college’s diversity team, he earned his degree in teaching and coaching, and he earned my unending respect and admiration. But here’s the hard news. For every Brooks in this world, able and willing to advocate for a spot in the fold, so many others remain sidelined by our lack of institutional creativity and support. Most importantly, sometimes within our own church practices. And we ought not rely on the incredible gifts of advocates like Brooks alone, because we can become advocates too! When we hear a story of someone sidelined from full inclusion- we can lift their voice with our own. We can claim a spot at the table for everyone, inspired by Jesus, the Good Shepherd, our noble and ideal advocate: “And I lay down my life for the sheep. I have other sheep that do not belong to this fold. I must bring them also, and they will listen to my voice. So there will be one flock, one shepherd.” I thank God for people like Brooks, a prophet among us who challenges me to be more creative in practicing community across physical difference. I thank God for the ways many of you voice prophetic inclusion in our midst. I thank God that Jesus is not complacent about who’s in the fold of redemptive love. We need everyone to be who they are created to be, in hope this world might be transformed (bit by bit), together in community, into a place that further reflects the goodness of its Creator and Good Shepherd. Jesus sees every person created in God’s image, worthy of the Good Shepherd’s fold. This is such good news: you and I are witnesses to the risen Christ, no longer beholden to the world’s disabling sin...but made free in the creative Spirit of God. So let’s get to work, expanding our imaginations with fuller inclusion of God’s kingdom come on earth. Amen! “Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 37 They were startled and terrified, and thought that they were seeing a ghost. 38 He said to them, “Why are you frightened, and why do doubts arise in your hearts? 39 Look at my hands and my feet; see that it is I myself. Touch me and see; for a ghost does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” 40 And when he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. 41 While in their joy they were disbelieving and still wondering, he said to them, “Have you anything here to eat?” 42 They gave him a piece of broiled fish, 43 and he took it and ate in their presence. 44 Then he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you—that everything written about me in the law of Moses, the prophets, and the psalms must be fulfilled.” 45 Then he opened their minds to understand the scriptures, 46 and he said to them, “Thus it is written, that the Messiah is to suffer and to rise from the dead on the third day, 47 and that repentance and forgiveness of sins is to be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. 48 You are witnesses of these things.” This encounter with Christ could be the most pivotal moment in the life of his disciples. Many of them were not present for his crucifixion; most heard only second-hand about his resurrection; they were left discerning fact from fiction based on information from the grape vine. And you and I all know how accurate that can be. Jesus knows this too, so he shows up where his beloved friends are gathered. He reveals himself in the flesh. He offers his wounds, a chance to touch the risen Christ and believe in miracles. Christ is also making a statement by showing his scars: “the world around us does not get to define our worth based on outward appearance.” Jesus’ scars emphasise this sobering truth: even God was disabled by sin. This word disabled has challenged my understanding of human difference over the years. We generally use it to define an aspect of one’s physical or mental being that differs from the typical population. For example, I was taught that being deaf was a disability. Maybe you were taught this too. In fact, I held this belief until I met my friend Jacob in seminary. See, Jacob is proficient in American Sign Language, because he grew up in a deaf community; many of his family experience hearing impairment, including his brother who came to seminary the following year. And because I had the chance to know his brother Noah, I now understand that many within the deaf community do NOT define deafness as a disability. I will admit it took me a while to wrap my head around this. Not a disability? But you can’t hear! Noah and Jacob, and their flawless communication with truly intuitive facial expressions and signing, invited me to reconsider who defines disability. I was reminded again of this significant shift in thinking by Rev. Dr. Sarah Griffith Lund, our UCC minister for disabilities and mental health justice. She co-led our worship online last week, and brought forth this image of Christ with his wounded hands and feet- as identifying with those who have also been disabled by the world around them. See, that’s the difference between an impairment and a disability. An impairment or physical abnormality is a personal experience that society refuses to accommodate, thereby disabling that person from full engagement in the community. I like to think about it like this: what if American Sign Language was normalized in our school systems? Would I have grown up thinking differently about deafness? Not as a disability, but as a difference that adds character to our world? Noah was the first (or one of the first) deaf students at Princeton Theological Seminary, and I know he challenged all of us to consider how our educational systems (and really all of society) relegate those in the deaf community to the sidelines because of a lack of creativity. An unwillingness or lack of resources to adapt to a different pattern of communication. Of course, none of us can think of all the things all the time, which is why we must value and support the prophets among us who call attention to the ways we are inadvertently disabling people who would otherwise be able to offer tremendous gifts in building God’s kingdom. Noah and his brother Jacob are prophets for the deaf, continuing in the tradition of the disabled Christ, “The Word made flesh among us,” illuminating the need for transformative work in the educational system. Noah and Jacob offered this same prophetic work in the church I was a part of during seminary, calling on us to create deaf-friendly worship opportunities, participating in the birth of the kingdom of God made new for the deaf community. Shortly after I moved back to SD, Jacob reached out to ask if I’d be willing to support the new ministry he and his brother co-founded birthed called Deaf International. “Deaf International is a community of Christians who desire to follow our Lord Jesus Christ in standing with the poor and oppressed by promoting human rights for Deaf people around the world and proclaiming the Good News of God's Kingdom in Deaf people's heart languages.” Isn’t that truly beautiful? If it weren’t for my encounter with Jacob and Noah, I might still think about deafness as an inherent disability, not simply a physical difference inviting further creativity and collaboration. I’m still not nearly as creative as I’d like to be around dismantling the concept of deafness as disability, but I’ve been supporting Deaf International Ministries financially now for eight years, because I believe God’s Kingdom is stronger with fuller inclusion of the deaf community. And isn’t that concept so much more gratifying in the end? Seeing difference not as something to inhibit community, but to expand us all in new ways of making Christ’s presence known? Jesus’ fleshy post-resurrection appearance matters; eating fish among his disciples to confirm his humanity, offering his wounds to confirm the way the world attempted to disable him. Jesus was willing to experience the heartache of being disabled by the world for the sake of transforming that same world, our world. And now he calls us to be witnesses to this truth. God submitted to disability so that we might overcome ours. Rev. Dr. Cheryl A. Lindsay, another UCC minister, says of this pivotal moment in Christ’s life: “The Word is still being made flesh. That life requires something of us. As resurrection people, we cannot be content to be idle bystanders. We are witnesses, compelled to touch and see the world and participate in its transformation into the kin-dom of God. “The culmination of Jesus’ words to the disciples--’You are my witnesses’—is performative language in which the words do something. This scene is a kind of Lukan ordination. He first names and appoints the disciples as witnesses, literally, in Greek, martyrs. We are witnesses to and of God’s peace in the world. We are called to be carriers of that peace, transmitting it and transforming spaces by it. We are to reside within, finding our rest within the embrace of God. We are to be co-creators of it, providing fresh and new evidence of it to the idle bystander, the curious recorder, and the interested observer so that they too, when encountering followers of Jesus, may touch and see.” Friends, we need each other to learn how to better accommodate difference SO THAT we do not continue cycles of disabling a-typical experiences of the flesh. If you have a story to share, if you’ve got a fresh idea for inclusive ministry, we need you to be our prophet. And I know some of you already are. Thank you for your voices of witness. If you want to support prophets among us, get involved and advocate for ministries devoted to dismantling the world that disables difference. If you’ve been moved by Jacob and Noah’s story, you’re welcome to google deafinternational.org and find out how you can become a witness on behalf of the deaf community. There is no end to this good work of advocating for the beauty and depth of difference among us. This is such good news: you and I are witnesses to the risen Christ, no longer beholden to the world’s disabling sin...but made free in the creative Spirit of God. Amen! Early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene came to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from the tomb. 2 So she ran and went to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved, and said to them, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him.” 3 Then Peter and the other disciple set out and went toward the tomb. 4 The two were running together, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. 5 He bent down to look in and saw the linen wrappings lying there, but he did not go in. 6 Then Simon Peter came, following him, and went into the tomb. He saw the linen wrappings lying there, 7 and the cloth that had been on Jesus’ head, not lying with the linen wrappings but rolled up in a place by itself. 8 Then the other disciple, who reached the tomb first, also went in, and he saw and believed; 9 for as yet they did not understand the scripture, that he must rise from the dead. 10 Then the disciples returned to their homes. But Mary stood weeping outside the tomb. As she wept, she bent over to look into the tomb; 12 and she saw two angels in white, sitting where the body of Jesus had been lying, one at the head and the other at the feet. 13 They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.” 14 When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus. 15 Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you looking for?” Supposing him to be the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.” 16 Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to him in Hebrew, “Rabbouni!” (which means Teacher). 17 Jesus said to her, “Do not hold on to me, because I have not yet ascended to the Father. But go to my brothers and sisters and say to them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’” 18 Mary Magdalene went and announced to the disciples, “I have seen the Lord”; and she told them that he had said these things to her. A debate exists among biblical scholars regarding Mary’s identity. Various gospel accounts of Mary Magdalene and Mary of Bethany (that is, Martha and Lazareth’s sister) pose this question: Are Mary Magdalene and Mary of Bethany the same Mary? Fascinating commentaries exist on either side of this debate. Lucky for you, I won’t be going deep into that rabbit hole this Easter, but I do think Mary’s identity is important. Why? Because Mary is the first evangelist known on earth. The first to see a vision of good news and spread it to others. The first to say, “I have seen the Lord!” Her purpose in this story is powerful not only as the first evangelist, but also as the woman who lingered long enough to see things clearly. Mary’s patience is what gives us all a first glimpse of resurrected vision. It’s easy for us to read this story backwards. We know the ending. We have the ascension story in mind- so we often race to the finish rather than linger in the emotions of uncertainty Mary must surely have felt. Mary is the only disciple in this gospel account who comes early and stays late; The other disciples saw the tomb was empty and left, but Mary remains; her presence at the tomb makes this story what it is today: a story of resurrection vision. Who knows how many tears she has shed by the time her eyes catch a glimmer of white from inside the tomb! Who knows how many fears have crossed her mind before she sees two angels, who accompany her grief! Who knows the depth of sorrow and pain she holds, before Mary’s vision begins to clear! Who knows the patience in her soul as she waits on her Lord! Patience is precisely what Mary teaches us from the first time she enters the gospel. For today, let’s run with the theory that Mary Magdalene and Mary of Bethany are one and the same. Do you recall the story early this Lent of Mary and Martha? Martha, an enneagram two, was upset with her sister for her lack of productivity. And Jesus takes Mary’s side. Mary exudes patience and presence. Willing to enter the moment with someone, never too busy to linger. And it pays off. It’s in her lingering at the tomb when Mary sees Jesus. It’s in her patience that Mary encounters Christ. It’s in her willinging to live into the unknown, to not have all the answers just yet, that gives Mary the first human experience of resurrected vision. Mary is good at lingering, and because of it, she is the first to spread the good news: Christ is alive! This past year has been filled with opportunities for lingering (that’s the positive spin); we’ve had challenges that require patience; pain that involves a deeply felt uncertainty. Which is why Mary the Evangelist is the perfect person to point us to Christ this Easter. Mary shows us the way to receive resurrected vision. How? We wait. How do we see life beyond pain? We wait for a vision. How can we envision hope for a life-affirming future? We linger in the unknown. How might we trust what we cannot see? We practice patience today, and tomorrow, and every day. This could be the hardest part of a life of faith- waiting. In her lingering at the tomb, I wonder if Mary thought back to the moment Jesus revived her brother Lazareth- and clung to what Jesus had taught her and Martha, “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die. Do you believe this?” I think she did, I think resurrected vision had become a part of her identity, and I bet that belief gave her the fortitude to see beyond her own pain. I wonder: was Mary the kind of believing heart Christ was waiting on to reveal himself resurrected for the first time? At once she turns around to face the one for whom she weeps. And Jesus addresses Mary, the first human on earth to hear the voice of the resurrected Lord. It’s the intimate moment in which Jesus calls her by name that Mary proclaims, “Teacher, it’s you!” All that waiting, all the weeping, are worth it in that single moment. She knows it's him. She knows that the person she places her faith in hasn’t abandoned her after all. He's really alive! Not only does she hear the voice, but she sees Jesus' risen body! “I have seen the Lord!” Do you know this truth in your life? Have you been able to see God at work, even in the difficult parts of life? Make no mistake, resurrected vision is not seeing life through rose-colored glasses. In fact, resurrected vision is often curated in environments of deep grief, IF we are willing to linger long enough to see things clearly. To see ourselves reflected in the life of Christ. This is hard work, especially when pain clouds our vision. If you’re in that position today, I invite you to rely on the faith of others. The next time you feel out of touch with your Lord, whatever the reason may be, remember Mary weeping at the tomb. Remember Mary lingering, insisting on hearing good news. Remember the new life Mary receives when she utters this profound truth: “I have seen the Lord.” That is the moment Mary the evangelist gives a testimony of new life, both Christ’s and her own. Hope made real in connection with a redeemer who can be counted on to show up. This is resurrected vision: seeing hope beyond our pain. This Easter, you may feel the relief and excitement of Mary- bearing witness to a beloved teacher and friend who has not abandoned you after all. Or perhaps you are one of the disciples who see the empty tomb and believe, but are still waiting for another encounter with the living God. Maybe you’re like many of the disciples who stayed home from the tomb in grief, and are relying on the faithful testimony of others to embolden your own. Perhaps you're a bit confused, because this living God sure hasn’t been showing up lately in your life. It could be you know this story so well- that you’ve become dull to the truth that it matters for you- TODAY! Wherever you are in your story with Christ- TODAY we are all offered resurrected vision…the chance to both receive and give the Good News like Mary, “I have seen the Lord! Guess what! He came back from death to bring new life to us all." No matter what burdens this earthly life may hold, we are not beholden to them! The power of the resurrection is that we belong to Jesus, our identity is secure in faith that he is a God of new life! And our vision is resurrected by this truth: there’s real hope beyond our pain. Amen. Rev. Emily Munger delights in connecting sacred texts with everyday life.

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Reduce Session Cancellations with an On-Call Player Roleplaying Tips Newsletter #0441 - Reduce Session Cancellations with an On-Call Player - Comments from Johnn - Strolen’s Feature Article: Four Maxims for World Building - Tips From Roleplaying Tips Game Masters Reduce Session Cancellations with an On-Call Player Traditionally, you play tabletop RPGs in person with a group of your favourite people. Therein lies some of the hobby’s greatest appeal, and also one of its most common stumbling blocks. I am talking, of course, about synching up multiple, overtaxed schedules to play when that pesky real life keeps getting in the way. But, there is a way to mitigate this problem – the on-call player. An on-call player is someone who can step into and back out of a game. This allows them to fill out a group that might otherwise have to cancel a session due to sudden interpretive dance classes, or other such difficulties. Being an on-call player is great if joining a full campaign is too much for you to take on. You’re called when an opening is available, and if you can make it, great! If not, no big deal – no one was depending on you to make it. You’ll get to play when your schedule allows. You probably know of a few different games going on around you. Why not ask the DMs or players if they want the benefits of being able to call you in on short notice? On-call players are great for your game, allowing you to play more often and to pit your players against greater challenges. Best of all, working an on-call player into your game is easy. Here are a few ideas that won’t break the verisimilitude of your game world. - The on-call PC is an outsider that a spellcaster can summon. - The on-call PC is a manifestation of another player’s will – a power the PCs can hardly understand. - The on-call PC is sent magically by another player’s god to safeguard their mission. - The on-call PC is tied by a curse to a magical artifact in the PC’s possessions that summons him to them. Whether you become one, or invite one into your game (or both), the on-call player results in gaming more often while adding a layer to the fun, and provides the DM with another tool to create adventure hooks. Comments from Johnn Excellent tips, Ike. Thanks! My group has used the idea of on-call players successfully in the past. Here’s how we did it last time: What Constitutes a Quorum? First, we had a group discussion and determined the minimum number of players required to keep a game session alive. With our group of six, we decided we needed four players to attend, else we’d cancel the game session. Keep Character Sheet Copies Up to Date Then we discussed the fate of PCs for absentee players. We opted to run the characters of players who weren’t present as a group, with GM veto over any actions that strayed too far out of character. My players are respectful of each other, so I used the GM veto more to protect PC deaths than to stop abuse of unmanned characters. I figure that attending players are mostly focused on their own PCs, so the characters of absentee players don’t benefit from dedicated care and attention. As a group we also ruled that PCs of absent players would join the action but wouldn’t be killed unless that was the only choice or the way the dice rolled. This might seem logical, but by having everyone agree to this it set proper expectations as the campaign played out. No one could be upset if their PC died while away because of the opt-in. With this figured out, then we also made it a requirement for players to update the GM with character revisions. We use a campaign wiki so players can post their characters between sessions. For players who preferred paper-only records, I was also ok with photocopies or scans. Shopping for Players Next, we discussed the protocol for finding and accepting new on-call players into the group. We agreed that new players would have a probation period of three sessions, and we built a queue so friends could be invited in a certain order. Although all these discussions, rules, and protocols seem a bit silly for just playing a game every two weeks, we’ve discovered that our game time is all equally important to us. We greatly enjoy the atmosphere and style of play that has evolved over time with our Thursday games. We don’t want to mess this up, and as with any team, it’s important to communicate expectations and procedures. For example, in another campaign with a different group, two players each invited a friend over for the same session. I prefer to GM five players. With the two unannounced guests we had seven, plus no notice that new PCs would need to be integrated into game play. I had assumed we would all ask each other first before inviting guests (and whether the campaign was suitable for drop-in play) but we didn’t have that conversation so I couldn’t get upset with anyone. Another scenario, this time with my current group, was multiple players having friends who might be interested in filling a new group vacancy. How to decide which friend gets invited? It’s good to hash these situations out before they arise. On-Call Player Ground Rules Finally, I had a private chat with the on-call player. We discussed the campaign, schedules, house rules, and ground rules. With group approval, I could offer the player two options: - Play the character of any absent player. - Play their own character, but that character must be easy to transition in and out, and easy for the group to run should it be required. The Irony Was It Became Full-Time A big surprise was that our on-call player got more game time than nearly everyone else. Thinking about it though, I should have guessed this would happen. It ended up being great, but a tad bit ironic. With my group at that time there was at least two players every session who couldn’t make any particular game. No player was chronically absent. It was just an ongoing series of one-time real life collisions for all of us. So, the on-call had a vacant seat available almost every game session. This had the effect of creating a seventh full-time PC with the party, as the on-call chose to play his own PC. While ironic, beware if this is a possibility for your group. Do you want to increase the party permanently by one PC? If so, no problem. If not, plan your on-call policy accordingly. As Ike mentioned, on-call players can result in fewer missed game sessions. This was definitely true with that campaign where we had a reliable on-call. Often three players had to miss sessions, putting us one short of a quorum. The on-call would be able to make it though, giving us the four bodies we needed to call it an official game session. This was awesome and the biggest benefit having an on-call player gave us. Strolen’s Feature Article: Four Maxims for World Building I thought I’d share here a short list of four maxims that I use for good fantasy world building to flesh it out in a believable way that makes a setting come to life as a distinct world. Internal Consistency, not Realism, is the benchmark of a believable fantasy world. You don’t need to make your world realistic to make it believable. What is key is the elements in your world are internally consistent. Whenever you add an element to your campaign, be at a race, city, country or person, always ask yourself the following questions: - Where did it come from? - How does it affect the elements around it? - How do the elements around it affect it? Also take time once in a while to consider how the various layers of your world interact. If ogres are accepted members of society, this is probably going to affect hard labour. And what makes a better city guard than a band of ogres? In my world, for example, there are no half-elves or half- orcs. This affects how closely elves and humans interact, and segregates them more as races. You don’t need to write these things down, but you do need to have an idea of this as you go along. As you add more elements to your world, it becomes a helpful tool for you as it becomes much easier to place new elements in suitable places where you know it makes sense. The real world is obviously a great source of inspiration for this as it is a model example of a world that is internally consistent, but you need to consider how things such as gods, magic, etc. affect natural and sociological laws. In a world that really is created by gods, it might even make sense to disregard natural sciences as valid. A quick real world example is fundamentalists who disagree with theories like evolution because it doesn’t mesh with their beliefs. Focus on what can be known. Unless you are in it for time wasting, don’t bother wasting time on details no one is ever going to know about. It doesn’t matter where your main continent lies in relation to the south pole unless global exploration features in your world. Contrary to how it might initially appear, this isn’t an encouragement to be light in detail. But make sure that you focus your level of detail on aspects of the world that players come into contact with. If you combine this with paying attention to internal consistency and illuminating how these details connect with other world elements, your players will connect with your world. The world comes alive as players interact with living systems instead of random elements. Focusing on what can be known is focusing on demonstrating your world to your players. It is not merely a geographical and cultural backdrop for adventure, but a setting that permeates their actions and lives at every step in a meaningful and coherent way. This doesn’t require the level of detail of Tolkien’s Middle Earth. As made above, so seen below. This is just an extension of the two maxims above, but one worth mentioning on its own. When you devote time to thinking about the more general elements of your world, cosmology, how magic works, how nature works, and so on, don’t just take time to conceive how this connects with the world on a lesser scale. Make sure to create elements that actively demonstrate these things. If magic works because of the power of words, make this an integral part of the culture. Nicknames are common because one’s true name is not lightly revealed and knowledge literally becomes power. If the weather and terrain are governed by spirits (or are spirits), how does this affect settlement and agriculture? Perhaps an empire has grown rich because it subdued its spirits to make the land bountiful. Maybe dwarves communicate with the mountains to provide them riches through secret runes and rituals known only to them. This makes it easy to create unique elements that permeate every facet of your world and distinguish it from other worlds in the experience of your players. Be willing to disregard consistency in favor of a good idea. This might seem like an odd maxim, but it is often far easier to throw a good idea into your world and then adjust its internal consistency to make it work than it is to come up with a good idea that will fit into the consistency you’ve conceived of your world so far. This is something to pay attention to mostly in the preliminary process of creation. Once you open the world up to others, this obviously only works with elements known only to you. Tips From Roleplaying Tips Game Masters Do you have a game mastering tip to share? Perhaps related to something you read in this issue? Or a tip on how to game master better, be more organized, plan better, improve roleplaying, run fun combats, or be a better storyteller? E-mail your tips to [email protected] – thanks for sharing! Use Excel to Make Maps I find that a good map maker is the Microsoft product Excel 2007. You can make your cells into a box shape and then use different border colors as different walls, and different fill-in coolers as traps, monsters, and such. I’ve found it very useful for planning. Playing Monsters as Characters From Walter Croft In AD&D2e I had the pleasure to play in a short campaign set in the Al-Qadim setting, and our party was a motley crew. The party was populated by a half-ogre Sha’ir (wizard) and my pixie Saluk (rogue), in addition to the standard elves, dwarves, halflings. We only had one human (mystic) priest in the entire party. Resources that assisted us were the Complete Book of Humanoids (an AD&D2e book) and “The Ecology of…” articles from old Dragon magazines. Runequest supplements are also good since Runequest (or Heroquest, or Hero Wars) essentially doesn’t think of a segregation of player character societies and monsters. Every species/race is important to the overall ecology of the world. And this was the aspect of Al-Qadim that attracted us to the setting. From Fred Ramsey re: Treasure Siphons Why not does a gold for experience points swap for any treasure PCs give away or donate? Either 1 for 1, and split the experience between party members, or some other ratio for individual donations. You’d have to put a cap on it, or people would suddenly turn into Gandhi. Adventure Idea: Lich’s Special Keep From Mike Evans First, I want to say I really enjoy your e-zine. Thank you and all who work on this, because this is a great source of information and community, and I really enjoy plodding through it! I came up with a DnD session I just wanted to share. The group hears about packs of undead attacking settlements in a certain area. When the group investigates they will figure out all the bands of undead can be tracked to a certain location. Following the tracks, the PCs may run into straggling undead, dead bodies rising up as they smell the characters, or tough mobs. Eventually, the group comes upon the stereotypical creepy keep on a hill, thunder clouds overhead, cold drizzly rain falling on them, lightning in the background. I plan to build the suspense and creepy vibe as they are approaching the keep. The doors are big and neo-gothic, and as the PCs pull open the doors, the smell of death reaches their nostrils and sickens them. Inside the keep is a huge entrance hall filled with lesser undead. All the undead look dead and are chained to the wall or lying in heaps on the floor. Again, I will be building up the eerie vibe of the place. As the PCs enter they will hear footsteps approaching and a rough, hacking cough. Coming down a stairway at the opposite end of the chamber will be a lich. He is dressed in fine robes. He greats them with a smile and hurriedly walks up to them, slicks back his few remaining wisps of hair, and starts to talk animatedly at them. As he talks, his jaw unhinges and hangs down (think Army of Darkness). He mumbles an attempted sorry with his jaw off, reattaches it and begins talking again. I’m giving this lich a salesman type personality. He is excited that people are here and is asking if they are here to see his wares, pointing to the undead. He casually waves his hand and all the undead in the chamber animate and rise up. The adventure, depending on your group, could go a number of directions at this point. My group will probably want to bludgeon all the undead into itty bitty pieces. The premise of the attacks, though, can be found out through roleplaying: the lich was sending small bands out to attack fleshiest so people could see his wares in action and judge what kind of product they want. He pitches the lower level stuff and says he has even better things higher up in the keep. Once my group decides it’s time to attack this lich, he commands his legion of undead in the entrance hall to attack the group. I plan on using a mass combat formula for the different undead. For me, I will have 5-8 groups of 10 with communal HP, Attack, AC, and damage. The damage these undead will do will lessen as their HP falls, signifying a decrease in the number of undead in that group.[Comment from Johnn: here is a series of excellent articles from Mike Bourke that also outline great, large scale combat solutions: “This Means War!”: Making huge armies practical (Part 1 of 6)] As the players battle through this horde of cannon fodder, the lich will make his way back up the stairs cursing and screaming. Here I will construct a type of dungeon dive filled with undead and traps to make it fun and hard for the PCs to get to the top of the keep. When they finally arrive at the top, they see the lich petting a large flesh golem that has 6 chains, 3 on each side of its torso, linking to the walls of the room. The lich is spouting claims of this being his finest creation, blah blah blah. He then retreats behind the creature and waits for the characters to make their move. When the group engages the flesh golem the lich will also attack. After the golem has lost X amount of its HP, one of the chains snaps and the room shakes and dust falls from the ceiling. The lich lets out a cackle. When the next chain snaps after another X HP is lost, the room shakes more violently, the windows shatter, and furniture topples. After the second chain breaks the lich laughs again and then teleports away, leaving the PCs with his creation. The premise here is, with every chain snapped, the keep destabilizes. If all the chains snap, the keep will crumble apart and the players are going to have to run to get out, dodging falling stones, undead, crumbling floors, and traps. The escaped lich now provides a recurring villain I can use every so often. Did his keep survive? Did the players ruin his whole stock of undead? Does he have to start over? He might dog the characters, following them as they travel from village to village. When the PCs come to a village, what if people started dropping dead, only a couple at a time? As word travels, the PCs could find they aren’t welcome anymore. They could find priests, clerics, and paladins after them to purify them. Anyways, this was just an idea that popped in my head while I was brushing my teeth and wanted to share. Any feedback is appreciated.

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High Blood Pressure, also known as Hypertension, often referred to as the ‘silent killer’, is usually asymptomatic – meaning no symptoms are shown. Some people with high blood pressure will experience symptoms including chest pain, dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, palpitations, and bleeding from the heart and nose. However, most people will not experience any symptoms – until the damage is done which often occurs after many years of living with high blood pressure. The first thing to preventing and managing Hypertension is to understand Hypertension, its causes, effects, and long-term consequences. Continue reading all of this will be covered in this post. If you already have high blood pressure, it is important to control and monitor your blood pressure regularly. Because of this, we will explain how to monitor your own blood pressure at home. We’ll cover and take into account everything you need to know to create a successful high blood pressure DASH eating plan to treat it — all without any prescription drugs! Understanding and Reading High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) The blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. Arteries are large blood vessels that carry blood from the heart muscle to all other organs and muscles of the body. As blood is carried around the body, it pushes inside the artery walls. We measure the force of this ‘push’ as blood pressure. Hypertension is a medical condition in which the arteries are subject to persistent high blood pressure. This increased pressure is caused by an increase in the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries. The increased pressure can be due to the thickening or hardening of the arteries due to a build-up of plaque. Thicker walls of the arteries mean that there is less space for blood to flow through the arteries. This thickening (or narrowing of the artery) results in abnormal blood flow causing the blood to push harder against the walls of the arteries. This increases the blood pressure. The higher the pressure, the more strain the arteries are under, and the harder it is for the heart to pump and distribute blood to the body. When blood pressure is high, it puts stress on the body, which in turn can damage the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. How is blood pressure measured? Blood pressure is expressed using two numbers – diastolic pressure (as the heart relaxes) over systolic pressure (heart beats). - The normal systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and - The normal diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg. Therefore normal blood pressure is written as 120 over 80 or 120/80. Your pulse pressure is the difference between a systolic pressure reading and a diastolic pressure reading. Pulse pressure refers to the force that your heart muscle produces each time it contracts. So, provided your blood pressure is normal, ie 120/80 mm Hg, then your pulse pressure is 40 (120 – 80 = 40). According to the JNC7 report and guidelines, the following are the current blood pressure ranges and their corresponding systolic and diastolic pressure values: |115 or less |75 or less |120 or less |80 or less |121 to 139 |81 to 89 |140 to 159 |90 to 99 |160 or more |100 or more When systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, blood pressure is considered high (140/90). If one of the values (systolic or diastolic) is in one of the categories of hypertension, the patient is considered to be in that specific ‘stage’ of hypertension. Note: Your blood pressure target should be 120/80, or even better, 115/75. Causes, Types and Stages of High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) There are some irreversible factors as well as some modifiable factors that contribute to High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). In general, irreversible factors that may be the underlying cause of high blood pressure include age, gender, ethnicity, family history, and the individual’s medical history. Variable factors influencing high blood pressure include diet, exercise routines, and stress management. Primary blood pressure (essential hypertension) Primary blood pressure, also called essential hypertension, where the exact cause of high blood pressure is unknown. The causes of essential hypertension may be genetic, due to aging, or may be influenced by environmental factors. Some of the most common environmental factors that affect high blood pressure include: - Excessive caffeine intake - Excess salt intake – This increases blood pressure in salt-sensitive individuals - Lack of physical activity - Tension (Stress) Secondary hypertension is blood pressure resulting from a disease, so there is an identifiable cause. The secondary causes/conditions that can cause hypertension include but are not limited to: - Acromegaly – Abnormal growth or enlargement of the arms, legs, and face - Coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta - Conn syndrome - Cushing’s syndrome - Hyperaldosteronism – A condition of excessive secretion of aldosterone that leads to high blood pressure and low potassium levels - Hyperthyroidism – A condition in which there is a rapid heartbeat due to abnormal over-activity of the thyroid gland or Hypothyroidism – A condition where the activity of the thyroid gland is abnormally low - Kidney disease – It is the most common secondary cause of high blood pressure - Pheochromocytoma – Tumor of the adrenal medulla - Sleep apnea One of the most effective ways you can gain an understanding of your current health is to regularly measure your blood pressure using a home monitoring device. Different stages of high blood pressure (hypertension) - Prehypertension: Individuals who are considered under the prehypertension classification are strongly encouraged to adopt health-promoting lifestyle changes/modifications. - Stage-1 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): During this stage, defined by constriction of the arteries or an increase in blood volume, high blood pressure is reversible. - Stage-2 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): During this stage, with permanent thickening of the blood vessels, high blood pressure is irreversible without the use of medication. - Stage-3 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): This stage is a hypertensive emergency. How to test your blood pressure correctly? Blood pressure self-measurement is an ideal way to give a better understanding of blood pressure and your health. If your blood pressure is normal, getting it checked during regular check-ups will suffice. If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, measuring your blood pressure at home is an ideal way to track your progress and also give you a source of inspiration! The Sphygmomanometer instrument is use to measure blood pressure. Other easy words to describe this device include blood measurement meter, blood measurement monitor and blood measurement gauge. Aneroid blood pressure gauge However it is important to note that if you are using an ‘aneroid blood pressure gauge‘ at home, it is important to regularly verify and calibrate your equipment at your health clinic. This verification should be done at least every 6 months to ensure the accuracy of your blood pressure readings. You will also need a stethoscope which is a medical device that allows you to listen to different sounds inside the body. The stethoscope is made up of ear pieces and a bell, which is the point of contact. To get an accurate blood pressure reading, follow the following steps: Before taking your blood pressure Do not exercise, eat, smoke, drink alcohol or coffee for at least 15 minutes before taking your blood pressure. This is because all of these factors can affect your blood pressure readings. Make sure you use an appropriately sized blood pressure cuff. The bladder length of the cuff should be at least 80% of the circumference of your upper arm. Use smaller cuffs and larger cuffs on children if you are overweight or muscular. Fix the seat! Sit down with your arms and back supported. Your elbows should be supported at approximately the same level as your heart, eg. On a table next to you. Hang your legs up, remain silent and rest in the exact same position for a few minutes before taking the reading. - Wrap the cuff around your upper arm and almost release the bottom edge of the cuff. One inch above the bend of your elbow. - Place the earpiece of the stethoscope in your ear and the bell of the stethoscope on your arm over your brachial artery (on your lower arm, just below the edge of the cuff). - Rapidly inflate the cuff to 180 mm Hg. At this point you will hear no sound and feel no pulse through the stethoscope. - Release the air at a rate of about 2 to 3 millimeters per second. At this point, blood will start flowing through the artery again. - Listen carefully with a stethoscope while looking at the blood pressure monitor. As soon as you hear the first sound in the stethoscope, record the number on the monitor, not the number. The first knocking sound, also known as Kortokoff, is the systolic blood pressure (SBP). When sound stops, record the number on the monitor. This second number is diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Be sure to immediately record the SBP number and DBP number when taking the blood pressure, as well as which arm was used during the measurement. Alternatively, you can also buy a digital blood pressure monitor which makes it very easy to get your blood pressure reading! If you use a digital device, it is still important that your readings be validated and that your device is calibrated if necessary. Other things to consider when testing your blood pressure at home is that when recording your blood pressure, be sure to record the date and time of the reading as well. Be sure to check your blood pressure both in the morning and in the evening to notice any difference. Testing your blood pressure at home is a great way to check whether your lifestyle changes are having a positive effect on your blood pressure, or whether medications are effective. On top of that, it gives you more freedom as well as constant feedback on your progress – a great source of inspiration! Note: Lastly, it is important to note that blood pressure taken at home tends to be lower than normal. Because of this, your blood pressure target should be 135/85 mm Hg. Treating and Preventing High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If your blood pressure is high, it is important to seek advice and adopt lifestyle modifications that will help lower your blood pressure. For most people, the lifestyle changes outlined in this section will be enough to control blood pressure. For others, usually in Stage-2 High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), such changes are insufficient and prescription medications are needed to control blood pressure. But even for those receiving pharmacological treatment, it is important to adopt these healthy lifestyle changes as they work to increase the effectiveness of the drugs. Whatever stage you find yourself at, there are five major lifestyle changes you can adopt to prevent or reduce your risk of developing high blood pressure. These will be discussed in turn in this section and will broadly include the following: - Avoiding salt - Adopt a healthy diet - Avoiding harmful substances - Exercising regularly - Managing stress Cut down salt When you try to lower your blood pressure (hypertension), salt is your worst enemy. Studies have shown that in most cases, eating less salt leads to lower blood pressure and fewer cases of heart or brain health complications. Therefore, in general, the lower your salt intake, the lower your blood pressure. This is because excess sodium holds extra fluid in the body, placing an additional burden on your heart, which increases blood pressure. Because of this, it is extremely important to control salt intake to lower your blood pressure and thereby reduce your risk of health complications. In this you will learn about salt, how to reduce the amount of salt in your diet, which foods are high in salt, which foods are low in salt, along with tricks and tips to stick to a low salt diet! It is important to remember that sodium is both a friend and an enemy in many ways. Sodium is important to the body as it maintains the acid and base balance which is essential for the body’s functions to operate effectively. The normal sodium balance of the body can be maintained by a daily intake of 3/4 teaspoon of salt. Food labels will usually state the amount of sodium content. The American Heart Association’s Dietary Guidelines recommend a daily intake of 1,500 milligrams of sodium a day. However, the average person can consumes 1,500 to 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day. Contrary to popular belief, table salt is not the biggest contributor to our daily sodium consumption – the vast majority (about 75%) of sodium is being consumed through restaurant foods and processed foods. Sodium content in salt Salt contains about 40% sodium and 60% chloride. The following are approximate amounts of sodium found in table salt: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published the following guidelines for food companies to help you understand the salt content of the products you buy (accurate as of March 2016): It’s important to note that the FDA is currently updating Nutrition Facts Labels for Packaged Foods). - Sodium-free: Sodium free means that the product contains less than 5 milligrams of sodium per serving. - Very low sodium: This means the product contains 35 mg sodium or less per serving. - Low sodium: It means the product contains 140 mg of sodium or less per serving. - Reduced sodium: Means that the product contains at least 25% less sodium than the regular product. - Light in sodium or Light salted: Means that the product contains at least 50% less sodium than the regular product. - No-salt-added, or Without added salt, or Unsalted: This means that no salt is added to the product during processing – note that, unless specifically stated, these products are not salt/sodium free. Healthy Food Choices As mentioned earlier, processed food makes up about 75% of normal sodium intake. Because of this, reducing the amount of processed high-salt food can go a long way in helping you manage your blood pressure. The list of prepared foods given below that are particularly high in sodium, so it’s highly recommended to reduce or cut down on the intake of the following: - Ham, Bacon, Poultry, Sausage, Cold Cuts and Cured Meats - bread and rolls - Broth (Bouillon) cubes - Canned tuna - Canned vegetables - Cheese (natural and processed), especially cottage cheese - Cooking sauces, eg.: - Soy sauce, Spaghetti sauce - fried pieces of bread - Prepared meat dishes, eg.: - Beef Stew, Chili, and Beef loaf - Prepared pasta dishes, eg.: - Pasta Salad, Lasagna, and Spaghetti with meat sauce - Ready sandwiches, eg.: - Hamburgers, Hot dogs and Submarines sandwich - Prepared soups, eg.: - Canned soup - Salsa and Salad Dressing - Salty snacks, eg.: - Chips, Crackers, Popcorn, and Pretzels - Tomato and vegetable juice Tips and tricks for reduce the salt intake - Take the salt off your dining table and put it in the cupboard! - Eat fresh, raw vegetables. - Replace crisps and other salty snacks with fruit. - Reduce your intake of the following sauces: Mustard, ketchup, Worcestershire sauce, all of which are high in salt. Reduce the intake of salt-rich food. - Avoid dry fruits that contain salt. - Avoid processed foods. As a general rule of thumb, the more unprocessed your food is, the more raw it is and the lower the salt content. - Buy fresh food. - Check the Label! Buy only products that state the following: ‘low sodium’ or ‘no salt added’. As a general rule of thumb, avoid products that contain more than 180 milligrams of sodium. - Buy canned foods with no added salt or low sodium. - Always use less salt than mentioned in the recipe while cooking. - Wash canned foods that contain sodium. This removes the sodium before cooking. - To flavor your food, replace salt with herbs, spices, lemon, lime, vinegar, white or red wine. - Avoid condiments that have high salt content, eg. Teriyaki sauce, soy sauce and anything that contains monosodium glutamate. - Avoid salted butter and sauces/dressings that have high salt content. - When eating out, request to prepare your meals with a little salt or to have sauces such as salad dressings on the side so you can control the amount you eat. Both potassium and sodium affect blood pressure. Eating high-potassium foods like bananas, beans, dark leafy greens, potatoes, squash, yogurt, fish, mushrooms and avocados can help you balance some of the harmful effects sodium has on your blood pressure. So in short, to promote a lifestyle that emphasizes proper nutrition, the following are three general guidelines that you should follow: - Reduce salt intake to less than 5 grams of salt per day (i.e. just under a teaspoon). - Everyday eat fruits and vegetables at least five servings. - Reduce saturated and total fat intake. Adopting the DASH eating plan Weight loss is central to preventing and reducing hypertension. Planning to adopt a DASH (diet approach to prevent hypertension), with sodium restrictions, is one of the most effective methods in potassium and calcium, in which you can reduce your blood pressure. The studies have shown that all patients have adopted DASH Diet, they have successfully managed to reduce the readings of their systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Dash emphasizes the intake of fruits and vegetables. This is because this category of foods is high in potassium – as much potassium, reduce blood pressure. This correlation is still dependent on the reduction in salt intake. It is believed that with a growth in a balanced diet, less salt and potassium intake with various nutrients, blood pressure is responsible for less effect. DASH diet emphasizes good nutrition on calorie count. Nutritiously balanced diet is the most important to achieve long-term weight loss success and long-term health benefits. DASH Daily Servings food recommends When selecting your food, always remember to opt for low-salt food. In addition to foods, you can also include five servings of ‘sugars’ per week. Collectively, the below foods will provide you with a nutritionally balanced diet that will not only boost your metabolism, optimize digestion and revitalize your body’s fat burning system, but will also help reduce your appetite and reduce your appetite. Will help control too! 1. Fruits and vegetables - Sweet potatoes - Apples, apple juice - Grapes, grape juice - Green beans - Oranges, orange juice - Whole wheat bread - Cereals that are high in fiber - English muffins - Pita bread - Skimmed or low-fat buttermilk - 1% fat or skimmed milk - Fat-free cheese or part-skim mozzarella - Low-fat or fat-free yogurt 4. Lean meat, Seafood, or Poultry - Steamed fish/meat (without fry) - Lean meat - Poultry (without skin) 5. Beans, Nuts and Seeds - Kidney beans - Split beans - Pinto beans - Sunflower or sesame seeds - Almonds, peanuts, mixed nuts Dash eating sample menu plan for High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) The DASH diet is based on a 2000-kilocalorie-a-day eating plan. It is incredibly easy to incorporate into your daily lifestyle and requires a daily intake of the following: Monday + Wednesday + Friday: Dash eating plan (Sodium 2297mg) Meal-1: Sodium 508mg |Oat Bran Cereal |Banana (medium size) |Margarine (soft tub) Meal-2: Sodium 196mg Meal-3: Sodium 905mg |Italian dressing (low calorie) |Fruit cocktail (juice pack) Meal-4: Sodium 91mg |Fruit yogurt (non-fat) Meal-5: Sodium 597mg |Beef (eye of the round) |Beef gravy (fat-free) |Sour cream (fat-free) |Grated cheddar cheese |Scallions (chopped ) |Margarine (soft tub) Tuesday + Thursday + Saturday: Dash eating plan (Sodium 2101mg) Meal-1: Sodium 559mg |Fruit yogurt (fat-free) Meal-2: Sodium 550mg |Tuna (drained, rinsed) |Leaf romaine lettuce Meal-3: Sodium 169mg Meal-4: Sodium 797mg |Margarine (soft tub) Sunday: Dash eating plan — (Sodium 1671mg) Meal-1: Sodium 280mg |Granola bar (low-fat) |Fruit yogurt (low-fat) Meal-2: Sodium (111mg) Meal-3: Sodium (801mg) |Leaf romaine lettuce Meal-4: Sodium (478mg) |Baked fish (spicy) |Almonds (slivered, unsalted) |Margarine (soft tub) Tips to stick on High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) DASH eating diet plan - Don’t change your diet from one day to the next. It’s important to gradually get used to your new healthy-heart eating plan. Gradually increase your fruit and vegetable intake from day to day. - Increase your vegetable and fruit intake to two servings with each meal and twice a day for breakfast. - Use lactose-free milk or take lactase tablets if you are lactose intolerant. - Check Your Food Labels! Always choose a food product with the least amount of salt, cholesterol, saturated fat and total fat. - Gradually reduce your daily fat intake. Replace animal fat with vegetable fat. - Avoid drinking alcohol, soda or other sugary drinks. - Don’t know what’s for dessert? Choose Fruits! - Base your meals around vegetables, beans and grains (instead of meat, fish or poultry).

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Electronic is one of the vast industries, experiencing new developments and technologies every day. Meanwhile, a digital multimeter is the most important tool for any electronic enthusiast or hobbyist. Without a multimeter, their job remains incomplete when troubleshooting any electrical equipment. The best multimeter for electronics will strengthen technicians with confidence. However, multimeters are not only used by enthusiasts but also by other professionals. A basic multimeter present in your toolkit may not be capable of dealing with electronics. Consequently, you may end up with incorrect measurements and false repairing. A multimeter is a device used for measuring voltage, measure resistance current and to analyze your project. And you cannot expect any fault in the readings here. Ultimately, our best multimeter for home use and electronics reviews will solve your needs happily. The market is loaded with many multimeters, and it’s a challenge to find the best one. In this article, we’re going to look at the best multimeter for your money in 2021. All these models come with a lot of features and functions and are best suited for electronic purposes. So, stay tuned with us to bring home the circuit tester. Top-10 Best Multimeter for Electronics Engineers: Beginning with Fluke 287, it’s a high-level electronics logging multimeter offering more accuracy and convenience. The brand ‘Fluke’ comes with a tagline – “See it. Save it. Share it.” It’s capable of solving complex problems in electronics, electro-mechanical, plant automation, and others. In terms of specifications, Fluke 287 allows a large count of up to 50,000. In contrast, the ¼ VGA dot matrix display with a white backlight produces clear and sharp readings. It can display multiple readings simultaneously. Additionally, it plots measurements on a single line to find out signal anomalies. This multimeter supported the Fluke Connect app and enabled test tools, which allow users to view multiple measurements from up to 20 ft. away from the testing location. It enhances your personal safety level. All you need is a smartphone. Users can share live readings and thermal images with their colleagues at other work locations. It is useful in knowing to troubleshoot and fixing it in no time. It also has data logging features that allow you to record both maximum and minimum values. You can obtain these values from any multimeter. Along with the main unit, buyers will get test leads, alligator clips, 6 AA batteries (installed), a holster, and a manual guide. The rubberized corner guards will maintain the device stable. Overall, it’s a fantastic electronic multimeter for buyers. - Comes with the mobile app connectivity. - Includes some advanced features for professionals. - Accurate and trusted measurements. - Backed by various safety and other certifications. - Backlight LCD display does the job perfectly. - Don’t have any USB connection. KAIWEETS is a popular name in the industry, known for manufacturing top-notch hand tools. The KAIWEETS TRMS Digital Multimeter is another popular device (with 5000+ reviews) available on Amazon. It’s a highly recommended multimeter for buyers who require a comprehensive tool, but for a reasonable price. KAIWEETS TRMS Digital Multimeter provides a wide range of applications for measuring AC/DC voltage, AC/DC current, frequency, capacitance, resistance, diodes, continuity, wiring, liquid temperature, and duty cycle. The 2.9″ LCD backlight display will show dual readings with a bar graph. In terms of safety, the IEC of the device has received CAT III 1000V, CAT IV 600V, CE, RoHS certifications. It also comes with an anti-burn design that prevents your device while reaching higher voltage. The double insulation design with silicone protective case boasts overall durability. KAIWEETS TRMS is an affordable multimeter yet allows you to measure the temperature of an object. It is capable of assessing heat levels between -4⁰ to 1832⁰ Fahrenheit. Instant temperature measurement will assist you in troubleshooting any issue without checking every component. Finally, KAIWEETS TRMS Digital Multimeter comes with some other essential features like auto shut-off, low-battery indicator, auto-ranging, data holding system, kickstand, and many more. A kickstand allows you to place the device at your workstation, leaving both hands free. Overall, it’s one of the best multimeters for home use as well as electronics. - It has auto-ranging and auto shut-off features. - Extremely easy to use and had plenty of applications. - Overload protection keeps the device safe. - It has a large LCD display and battery indicator system. - Comes with an impressive 3-year warranty. - The screen backlight turns off too quickly. Klein Tools is an American manufacturer known for producing professional-grade, high-quality hand tools for more than 160 years. Excellent products that stand up to meet the needs of every enthusiast or professional. Klein Tools MM700 is another popular multimeter that delivers performance, precision, and durability. The automatic ranging True Root Mean Square (TRMS) technology will provide accurate measurements every time. It’ll measure both AC & DC current fast and accurate at 10A. Users may also use this multimeter for measuring resistance, temperature, frequency, diode testing, duty-cycle, and continuity. Klein Tools MM700 can measure a maximum of 1000V AC/DC voltage, 10A AC/DC current, and 40M resistance and temperature. It’s an ideal multimeter to be used in basic and controlled electromagnetic environments, like homes, businesses, and small-scale industrial areas. You don’t need to worry about battery life as it comes with a low battery indicator. The battery is easy to access, which will not trouble you while changing them. There’s a separate fuse replacement compartment to fix any fault. From the safety point of view, it comes with the CAT IV 600V safety rating. Along with the multimeter, buyers will also receive a carrying pouch, alligator clips, test leads, thermocouple, and batteries. It’ll also stay strong against causal wear and tear in the workstation. Overall, it’s a good deal to grab. - It comes with the CAT IV 600V safety rating. - The low impedance (LoZ) identifies and eliminates stray voltages. - Offers a maximum drop protection of up to 2 meters. - It comes with the True-RMS feature. - Low battery indicator keeps you in the game. - Slightly slow on continuity/ranging. Check out: Best Pool Automation System We’ve another high-quality multimeter for our electronic enthusiasts, known as Fluke 179 ESFP True RMS Multimeter. Fluke is a popular name in the industry for many years, manufacturing consistent, accurate, reliable, and safe tools. Fluke 179 is capable of measuring AC/DC voltage up to 1000V, AC/DC current up to 10A, resistance up to 50 MΩ, frequency up to 100 kHz, capacitance up to 10,000 μF, and temperature ranging between -40 ℃ and 400 ℃. This multimeter features a backlit digital display with an analog bar graph for clear readings. Additionally, it also uses built-in temperature measurements with an included thermocouple. As the name suggests, the True RMS technology will help you in accurately measuring different electric functions. In terms of safety, Fluke 179 ESFP True RMS Multimeter comes with various safety certifications. It is safe to use in CAT IV 600 V/CAT III 1000 V environments. The troubleshoot functions are safe and easy to use. It has proper automotive features and household settings for regular jobs. It comes with an inbuilt thermometer and the 323 AC Current Clamp. They Hello you in dealing with the troubleshoot easily and effectively. The package contains a multimeter, 9V battery (installed), test leads, and user manual. Overall, it’s a fantastic option for buyers. - This multimeter is easy and safe to operate - The design of the unit is heavy and sturdy - Does the job effectively and efficiently. - The true-rms functionality is a useful addition - Works in CAT IV 600 V/CAT III 1000 V environments - The size of the digits is slightly smaller. If you’re looking for a mini multimeter to troubleshoot your electrical needs, this Extech EX330 Multimeter is a solid option to consider. It is a fully-featured digital multimeter that includes two meters in one easy-read. All these features are enclosed in a conveniently-sized device, which is easy to use. Extech EX330 Multimeter will allow you to measure AC/DC voltage up to 600 volts (with a 0.5 percent basic accuracy). Also, you can measure AC/DC current with high accuracy of up to 10 Amperes. Furthermore, it offers a total of 12 functionalities that include capacitance, frequency, duty cycle, and temperature. As the name indicates, Extech EX330 is an auto-ranging multimeter that allows you to pick the appropriate measurements. It’s a useful asset when working with various peripherals (from small electronics to larger ones. The 2000-count LED display will show large 1-inch digits, making it visible even in dark areas. There’s a non-contact, inbuilt AC voltage detector that alerts users using a combination of beep sound and red LED indicator lights. Another important feature is the ‘Max Hold,’ which allows you to capture the highest reading. While the ‘Data Hold’ function will freeze the current readings so that you can note them down. To conserve battery, the multimeter will automatically turn off after 15 minutes of inactivity. It also comes with a relative measurement mode that takes readings relative to a stored reference value. This helps you to compare one stored value with another. Overall, it’s a great option for the price. - Comes with an inbuilt thermometer with K-type probe. - It can switch between Fahrenheit and Celsius readings. - Comes with test leads, two AAA batteries, and user manual. - Non-contact voltage detection for user’s safety. - Auto-Ranging function is a good addition. - We don’t find the backlit display that amazing. Klein Tools are always good to use while measuring different electrical devices. This is the second Klein multimeter included in our best multimeter for electronics review. Klein Tools MM400 is a high-quality, auto-ranging digital multimeter that is designed by a group of experts. Let’s find out what it contains. This multimeter allows electricians to measure up to 600V AC/DC voltage, 10A AC/DC current, and 40 MΩ resistance. It also measures temperature, capacitance, frequency, test diodes, continuity, and duty-cycle. Also, it is pretty durable that can withstand a maximum of the 3.3-foot drop. Klein Tools MM400 is very easy and safe to use. It comes with an easy to assemble and sturdy design, making it safe for all-time use. Moreover, it has the CAT III 600V safety rating for your peace of mind. You’ll be all safe while using this tool. To remain active all the time, Klein Tools MM400 comes with a low battery indicator that will notify you when the battery is low. It uses 2 AAA batteries, which are packed in an easy to access battery compartment. Users can easily replace the batteries whenever they want. Klein Tools MM400 can be used in controlled electromagnetic environments, which is a good feature. Overall, it’s a great multimeter for home as well as business, and industrial areas. Finally, the Klein Tools MM400 will give a strong competition to other listed models in the review. - Comes with a basic, safe, and sturdy design. - It can withstand a 3.3-foot drop and daily wear & tear. - It has the CAT III 600V safety rating. - The low battery indicator will never let you sit idle. - One of the best value-for-money multimeters. - Comes with low-quality functions. You may interested in: Best Ways To Automate Your Home The brand ‘AstroAI’ comes with the tagline – “For All of Life’s Adventures.” The company promotes its customers to take risks and grow skills. AstroAI Digital TRMS Multimeter is one of the most popular multimeters available in the industry. It’s suitable for various users, including professionals and weekend DIYers. This AstroAI Digital Multimeter features a large and bright digital display with a backlit LCD. It improves visibility while working in low-light conditions. There’s also a multi-function socket that one can use to measure both transistors and capacitors. It’s an excellent device for troubleshooting electrical problems. AstroAI Digital Multimeter features inbuilt F400mA/600V and F10A/600V explosion-proof ceramic fuse tubes to keep you safe. It’s an intelligent anti-burn technique to prevent overloading damages and your multimeter. If you’re worried about safety issues, then AstroAI Multimeter will never let you down. This digital multimeter comes with a lot of advanced functions that can measure almost everything. It allows you to measure resistance, voltage, current, capacitance, continuity, and frequency, all-in-one device. The hanging magnet and kickstand will enable users to have better control of the device and measure comfortably. It also allows you to perform the temperature test. You need to place the thermocouple’s end to the object and wait for the readings to get settled. Now, note down the readings from the screen. Finally, it’s another high-quality digital multimeter available for buyers. - Comes with a backlit display for better visibility. - Easy to access battery compartment for its replacement. - It has advanced functions and a separate thermocouple probe. - Fully safe to use and tubes are explosion proof. - Comes with the auto power feature for battery optimization. - When you turn the dial, there’s a quite loud beep. Innova 3340 is one of the most popular and common tools out of an electrician/technician toolkit. In terms of design and build quality, this is a multimeter like no other that can perform various functions. It could be one such multimeter that you’ve been looking for. Let’s find out more about Innova 3340 Multimeter. The auto-ranging feature of Innova 3340 is beneficial for everyone, including electricians and beginners. It’s a really useful feature that allows you to take your desired measurements. All you’ve to do is press the ‘SEL’ button to switch between manual and auto-ranging function. Your digital multimeter should have the best power-saving abilities. Most times, users forget to turn off their multimeter, leading to battery drainage in no time. The auto turn-off feature of Innova 3340 will be in action after 10 minutes of inactivity. Consequently, it’ll extend the battery life of your multimeter. Innova 3340 comes with a unique Reverse Polarity Protection, which reduces the possible danger of shocks while working near electrical outlets. It also allows you to save the data (readings) for future usage. You’ve to use Min/Max and Hold buttons for saving measurement of any test. Finally, Innova 3340 will cover all the basic requirements for a pro electrician or hobbyist. It’s a great tool for testing alternator diodes, wiring, switches, solenoids, breaker points, and duty cycle. You can also measure temperature using a temperature probe in both Celsius and Fahrenheit. Overall, it’s one of the best multimeters in the market. - It comes with test lead holders for contactless measuring. - The auto shut-off feature is good for battery. - The auto-ranging function is again a necessary feature. - Provides overload protection. - It has a special feature called reverse polarity protection. - Temperature probe feature is quite inconsistent. We’re simply in love with the Fluke digital multimeters; while, the reason is quite obvious. Their robust design, excellent functionality, easy to use approach, and versatility can impress any DIYer. Fluke 117 Digital is the third electrician’s multimeter in our review, from the brand ‘Fluke.’ The main highlight of Fluke 117 is VoltAlert technology. It’s also known as the non-contact voltage detection system. When you’ve to detect voltage without using the test leads, you need to hover Fluke near electrical devices or outlets. You’ll receive a beep sound as the output. Fluke 117 comes with the True RMS feature, an essential one for measuring accurate and correct readings on non-linear loads. The AutoVolt (AutoV) will also determine accurate AC/DC voltage without letting you perform extra steps. It allows users to measure voltage, continuity, capacitance, and frequency. Another notable thing is the bright digital screen, which is large and easy to read. The white LED backlight will show you clear measurements in low-light areas. It turns on by the press of a button, which means you’ll save battery while working in a brighter environment. Some additional features like low input impedance, CAT III 600 V safety certification, non-contact voltage detection, and compatibility with magnetic hanger makes it a top-quality product. In terms of specifications, Fluke 117 weighs 1.21 pounds and measures 6.57 x 3.31 x 1.81 inches. Overall, it’s a fantastic digital circuit tester for electronic lovers. - Comes with the True RMS feature for accurate measurements. - The LED backlight screen is bright and clear. - Low input impedance prevents false readings. - Non-contact and AutoVolt voltage system. - Easy to use and long-lasting product. - Display may lose contrast at certain angles. Let’s end our top-list by summing up with WeePro Vpro850L Digital Multimeter. It’s an affordable, safe, reliable, and easy to use a multimeter for electronic enthusiasts. The company offers a 10-year warranty and lifetime technical support to its consumers. Also, it comes with a 90-day return refund guarantee. This device is capable of dealing with almost every household and industrial need. It measures AC/DC voltage, ohm volt amp, capacitance, resistance, diode, and continuity. Whether it’s your domestic outlet, fuses, charging system, or batteries (including automotive), WeePoo Vpro850L will never disappoint you. WeePro Vpro850L comes with a large 70 x 40mm digital display with an LCD backlight. There’s a separate button to turn on the backlight for better visibility in low-light areas. When not in use, you can also turn it off to save battery. The best display visual angle is about 70 degrees. Another important function of WeePro Vpro850L is Data Hold, which allows users to hold the display readings even when the device is disconnected. You can press the white-colored button located on the right side of the instrument. It also comes with a support stand for hands-free operation. For better grip and control, this device features a soft rubber grip that prevents your circuit tester from getting damaged. Along with the main instrument, users will also receive two test leads, a 9 Volt battery, and an instruction manual. However, it’s a great digital multimeter available in the market. - Large digital display with LCD backlight button. - It offers a sampling speed of 2 times per second. - Comes with an impressive 10-year warranty. - The display makes 3 ½ digits (1999 count). - Overload Protection and Low-battery Reminder. - Continuity testing function may display inaccurate readings. You can check out: Buying Guide For Best Multimeter for Electronics: We all have to agree that the market is loaded with tons of multimeters. However, going for a multimeter that is long-lasting, worthy, and best-performer will do the job. Most people think that cost is the only factor while buying any new instrument/tool. However, there are various parameters to look for while purchasing the best multimeter for electronics. We’ll be mentioning them in this segment. If you are a first time user or DIYer’s and not aware about the process of use a multimeter, you should check out our step by step guide of how to use a voltmeter. An advanced multimeter has various functions to perform, which will be used by you someday or not. However, it would help if you did not skip any of the basic features(mentioned below) while buying a new multimeter for home use or any professional activity. - AC/DC Voltage and Current – The digital multimeter you’re going to buy should obviously be capable of measuring voltage and current with a high level of accuracy. - Resistance – Resistance measurement is another important factor to consider while you’re dealing with electronics and electrical equipment. Don’t skip this function. - Continuity: Continuity is tested between two ends of an electrical cord. Your multimeter must come with the ability to measure continuity. Make sure you switch off the power supply for this purpose. - Frequency and Temperature: A digital multimeter doesn’t need to measure frequency and temperature. But if you’re involved in these tasks specifically, then don’t miss these functionalities. Display (Backlight vs. No Backlight): Usually, the display of a digital multimeter is bright and large. The main reason behind the large and bright display is to make readings clearly visible. These displays generally consist of four digits, starting either from 0 or 1. While some displays also show positive and negative readings. In fact, there are displays for separate AC/DC readings. Another point of discussion is whether or not your VOM comes with a backlight display. If you’re an electrician who usually works indoors or in low-light areas, then buying a multimeter with a backlight display should be your pick. However, there’s no harm even if you don’t use this feature. Leaving everything aside, one should consider the user’s safety first. Nowadays, digital multimeters are generally considered safe when arriving with CAT ratings. You must make sure that the circuit tester you are going to buy is entirely safe. Here are certain points to remember: - CAT I: The multimeters with CAT I rating are only used in circuits when not connected to a power supply. Usually, they are used with 24-volt circuits. Along with this, you can also use them for electronic testing. - CAT II: The multimeters with CAT II rating can be used with plugged-in electronic devices within a 100A circuit. It’s for circuits between 110V – 240V. This kind of multimeter is suitable for domestic loads and appliance testing. - CAT III: The multimeters with CAT III rating are often known as all-round instruments. This kind of multimeter is suitable for every device, which is connected to the main circuit breaker. They come with a variety of applications, including commercial lighting and small industrial usage. - CAT IV: The multimeters with CAT IV rating is applicable for residential usage, commercial usage, and power lines. It allows users to use it with a direct power source. Auto Shut-off Feature: The life of your VOM mainly depends on the battery equipped. Every buyer looks for a digital multimeter that lasts long for an extended period after every charge. To save your multimeter’s battery life, you should look for the ‘Auto Power Off’ feature. You may not face many difficulties as most of the models come with this feature. Based on the model you are buying, some multimeters switch off automatically after 10 minutes of inactivity. At the same time, some multimeters create a beep sound before switching off automatically. However, this feature may turn out irritating(for selective users); so, look for a multimeter where you can disable the auto turn-off feature. After having a serious discussion on the best multimeter for electronics, it’s time to wrap-up the show. We’re quite sure that you are well aware of digital multimeters by now and all ready to wishlist your favorite. However, if you’re still in a dilemma of picking the best model, then the following are our top picks. Fluke 287 True-RMS Multimeter will be our first pick for any user. The high-quality design and excellent functionalities will never disappoint electronic enthusiasts. It comes with True RMS, low battery indicator, low impedance, and other key features. Next, we’ll pick Klein Tools MM700 Multimeter is one of our favorites. The brand ‘Fluke’ assures top-notch performance and reliability to their consumers. It comes with all the necessary features required for troubleshooting electrical problems. For budget buyers, WeePro Vpro850L Digital Multimeter is a real deal-breaker. This basic digital multimeter costs around 10 USD, which will increase the worth of your toolkit for sure. It has a large display with an LCD backlight for enhanced visibility. That’s all for now. Hopefully, we’ve helped you in bringing the best multimeter for your toolkit.

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Who Needs Sleep Anyway? 18/08/2007 - 22/08/2006 A fun frivolous comedy for anyone who’s ever been a baby! New Zealand’s best-known and most successful playwright, Roger Hall, joins forces with daughter Pip Hall for the first time to create this delightful comedic celebration of 100 years of bringing up babies in New Zealand. In 2007 Roger and Pip were commissioned by Plunket to celebrate its centenary by writing the hilarious production, Who Needs Sleep Anyway? Who Needs Sleep Anyway? follows the early years of the irrepressible Baby Plunket (played by Peter Hambleton) and his hapless parents (played by Nick Dunbar and Mel Dodge). As "Baby P" grows and thrives, he explores the remarkable history of Plunket and Plunket nurses, without whom generations of New Zealanders would not be quite so hale and hearty. Plunket was born in Dunedin on 14 May 1907, at a time when infant mortality rates in New Zealand were shockingly high and health services for babies were woefully inadequate. It was the brain-child of Dr (later Sir) Frederick Truby King (played by Paul McLaughlin), who saw the need for a Society that would ‘help the mothers and save the babies’. Today, over 91 percent of babies born in New Zealand are Plunket babies. Who Needs Sleep Anyway? playfully celebrates the work of Plunket and the experience of ordinary Kiwi Mums and Dads, struggling to make sense of their new role in life and the unpredictable behaviour of their "best babies in the world". In turns hilarious, wonderful and emotional (rather like parenthood really) this comedy delights and entertains. So join us for a fun-filled evening of frolics and frivolity, hysterics and history, songs and satire, in this joyful celebration of our heritage. ‘Who Needs Sleep Anyway?’ certainly hit the spot.’ ODT Book at Downstage Theatre on 04 801 6946 Baby P - PETER HAMBLETON Polly, Poor Mother, Anderson Twin, 50s Mother - MEL DODGE Paddy, Lamb #2, Editor, Anderson Twin, 50s Mother, Baby Farmer - NICK DUNBAR Nana, Bella, Woman, Baby Karori, Husband, Jude Dobson, Dick #1 - JENNIFER LUDLAM Truby King, Pregnant Woman, Baby Robert, Baby Upper Hutt, Dick #2, Jason Gunn - PAUL McLAUGHLIN Daisy, Baby Newlands, Lamb #1 - JANE WADDELL Set Designer - John Hodgkins Lighting Designer - Lisa Maule Costume Designer - Zoë Fox Production Manager - Ross Joblin Original Music - Michael Nicholas Williams Lyrics - Paul Jenden Choreography - Lyn Pringle Original Props - Peter King Additional Props - John Hodgkins Original AV/Sound - Alan Surgener Stage Manager - Dushka Blakely/Simon Rayner Production Assistan - Helena Coulton (Toi Whakaari secondee) Technical Operator - Marc Edwards Publicity - Brianne Kerr Publicity Production Photography - Stephen A'Court Actors give it their all – but why are we watching it? Review by Simon Sweetman 31st Aug 2007 [This review was written for the Sunday Star Times and not run because they had already reviewed the Fortune Theatre production in Dunedin.] I cannot believe that this play has had positive reviews. It is a serious waste of time and talent. Yes, it is obvious that Roger Hall carried New Zealand theatre on his back across several decades but his plan to provide a pension by pantomime (from saving theatre to Theatresaver?) is an insult; the equivalent of those albums Carlos Santana releases every other year with a cast of tired heroes and young newbies all trying to steal thunder, while a formerly great guitarist cruises on auto-pilot. Who Needs Sleep Anyway?, written with daughter Pip and running like a giant advert for Plunket (commissioned by them to celebrate the centenary) is Hall’s rather lazy attempt to poke fun and pass over vague pathos about a subject everyone knows: babies. We all either have them, or will have them. And if not, we can hark back to the fact that we all started off there. So what? A very talented, hard-working cast do their best – leaping in and out of costumes, creating characters in an instant – but really, they are given little to work with. The musical numbers (lyrics by Paul Jenden, tunes by Michael Nicholas Williams) are close to embarrassing, punctuating scenes almost at random. The vocals are dutifully attempted but the songs only re-state and over-state what we’ve already been watching. And the tinny pre-recorded synthesized "music" is cringe-inducing. Peter Hambleton (as Baby P) is superb in his efforts to play a baby-character, the narrator – and seemingly the cheer-leader for this rather average sequence of skits masquerading as a play – and providing various adult voices; in some cases he manages to do many of these tasks simultaneously. Jennifer Ludlam also deserves a mention – for dipping in and out of, at my count, eight characters. And no one on stage is terrible. Director Susan Wilson handles the quick changes well and the use of over-sized props and hold-up-cards (pantomime/comedy-review staples) is all very well tied-in and handled. But again, the nagging question – why are we actually watching this? It is nowhere near as funny as the Halls would want to have you believe. It is, like the actual delivery of a child, rather laboured. I have enjoyed Roger Hall’s Christmas pantomimes, certainly, but this just seems like a wasted opportunity, something knocked out quickly to justify a pay-cheque. Thankfully the actors do give it their all if you do decide to go. But I would have preferred an extra dose of that sleep I’m apparently not going to get in the coming years. For more production details, click on the title at the top of this review. Go to Home page to see other Reviews, recent Comments and Forum postings (under Chat Back), and News. Copyright © in the review belongs to the reviewer Unchallenging fun night out Review by Melody Nixon 22nd Aug 2007 Those who’ve been through the wonderful nightmare of raising a child, and subscribe to the refrain that theirs is ‘The Best Baby in the Whole World,’ may find Who Needs Sleep Anyway? a humorous means of getting in touch with some aspects of New Zealand baby culture. While dealing predominately with white middle-class families, and staying very light on social commentary, the show by Roger Hall and his newly-babied daughter Pip is fun and frivolous, and a good chance to see grown men in nappies. The show is commissioned by Plunket, on the back of the kind of innovative idea that has kept the community organisation running for an impressive 100 years now. Roger and Pip Hall create a framework to explore the history and services of the organisation, through the story of two new parents; Polly (Mel Dodge) and Paddy (Nick Dunbar). Yet their story forms more of an ‘illustrated guide’ to Plunket, as certain scenes take on an almost advertorial tone; with reference too to at least one commercial baby product company. Furthermore, with the emphasis the Plunket organisation places on Maori child health and Te Tiriti O Waitangi, it is disappointing to see the lack of any historical or contemporary reference to M_ori. In my view this precludes the show in its current form from having value as an educational piece outside of Wellington, or mainstream city theatres. Peter Hambleton, resembling quite strongly the baby in the promotional material, is the narrator for Downstage’s journey through white middle-class child rearing, and he fills the booties of “Baby P” excellently. This stretch-and-grow clad bubba demonstrates all facets of babyhood from ‘pooping’ in nappies to spitting out mushy food, and forms an informative bond with Plunket Nurse Daisy (played graciously and entertainingly by Jane Waddell). Credit must be give to Hambleton for approaching this undignified role with apparent total ease, and whipping up audience enthusiasm. In a range of supporting roles Jennifer Ludlam is in her usual fine form, particularly scintillating as the 1970s traffic cop “Rick” (or was that “Dick”?), as pampered “Baby Karori” and as nagging, omniscient “Nana”. Mel Dodge also fills her earnest role as Polly with gusto, charging the part with flamboyant pantomime and gesticulation, under Susan Wilson’s apt directing. Wilson’s directing style is perhaps most suited to this type of theatre, and she strongly brings forth the perky light-heartedness the play’s success depends upon. This light-heartedness and humour centres on unexpected meanings and word puns, which gain many laughs from the audience. Lines such as the following, in a PlunketLine dialogue between Nurse Daisy and a mysterious caller are particular successes: – Kia ora Plunket line. – Help… The baby just swallowed a condom. – Oh dear. – Oh! It’s ok! We’ve found another one. Much humour is derived too from clichéd gender stereotypes. When Baby P and his dad get some time together for example, they clink bottles (milk and ‘XXX’ respectively) and argue over Sport/Playboy channels on TV. Dad Paddy likes sport; mum Polly likes ‘art’. Boys wear blue and play rugby; girls wear pink and do ballet. The light parodying of these exceptionally narrow stereotypes does not go far enough to debunk them, but rather reinforces them by playing on their ‘normalness’. While the constraints must be quite large for producing a play of this kind with wide appeal, the audience should be given more credit in their thinking about male and female roles. Finally, with the potential to engage in a vast amount of social commentary, especially on the current national issue of child abuse, it’s disappointing that Who Needs Sleep Anyway? does not go beyond minor, perfunctory hints (embodied in a couple of brief encounters with “Josie” (Ludlam) a solo-mum who’s afraid she’ll harm her children). As it stands then, Who Needs Sleep Anyway? is a fun, albeit unchallenging night out at the theatre, with plenty of parochial feel good factor and straight up entertainment, a bit like an after-school TV show for adults. Originally published in The Lumière Reader. Copyright © in the review belongs to the reviewer Light-weight and cheerful Review by Laurie Atkinson [Reproduced with permission of Fairfax Media] 20th Aug 2007 Who Needs Sleep Anyway? is a pantomime from the pens of the first father and daughter playwrighting team in the history of New Zealand (World?) theatre. It has cross-dressing, topical jokes, occasional song and dance numbers, funny costumes and disguises, madcap sequences, audience participation (not at all threatening), and a happy ending. It is also a very light-hearted and light weight celebration of the centenary of the Plunket Society. You won’t learn any more than most Kiwis already know about the history of Sir Truby King, Karitane, and Plunket Nurses because most of the time is spent tracing the growth of the hero, Baby P, from conception to the age of 5 when he’s off to school. Sir Truby and Lady King (Peter McLaughlin/Jennifer Ludlam) do pop in now and then and so do Jason Gunn, Jude Dobson and even Selwyn Toogood for a second, as well as a couple of marvelous macho 1970s traffic cops in a sequence about child restraints in cars. We do learn about the strict regimentation of feeding babies in the 1950s, the availability of Plunket nurses at the end of a phone and the problems they faced as well the royal receptions they received when they made home visits to check up on a baby and fill in the baby’s progress in the Plunket book. Any criticisms of Plunket (its perceived dictatorial nature/advocacy of circumcision) are ignored. Baby P is not only the hero but also the energetic emcee of the show who jollies the audience along displaying cue cards which tell us when to boo, cheer, or applaud. He is played with great warmth and gusto by Peter Hambleton in a light blue stretch and grow suit, which makes him resemble Homer Simpson. His parents are played by Mel Dodge and Nick Dunbar who amusingly suffer the slings and arrows of sleeplessness and the problems of potty training. Jennifer Ludlam plays Nana who believes it’s never too early to potty train a child and she brings in a blue potty for Baby P, accompanied by the strains of Thus Spake Zarathustra, as if it were the Holy Grail. Jane Waddell plays the quintessential (breezy, efficient, and never had a child of her own) Plunket nurse with her usual comic accuracy. It’s fun, funny and lively, except for three scenes that last about a minute each when we are wrenched from the comedy of bringing up Baby P to the reality of a mother who is at the end of her tether. These scenes are a reminder of the dark side of motherhood and they sit uneasily in this pantomime about poos, wees, breast feeding, and the occasional nod to a hundred years of Plunket’s history. Copyright © in the review belongs to the reviewer Book your baby sitters immediately Review by John Smythe 19th Aug 2007 The keys to the assured success of the Downstage season of Roger and Pip Hall’s revue-style comedy Who Needs Sleep Anyway? are relevance, respect and release of stress. Pitched at anyone who has been a baby, it’s an opportunity for all of us to celebrate those who brought us into the world and through our first five years, especially if we were Plunket* babies (which includes over 90 percent of those born in New Zealand over the past century). Those currently engaged in the war zone of parenthood are the most likely to experience the happy catharsis of laughter at the recognition of shared experiences. Likewise Plunket nurses themselves (it was Plunket who commissioned the Halls to write the show for their centenary celebrations and it premiered at Dunedin’s Fortune Theatre on 4 May this year). To some extent redolent of Theatre-In-Education shows, Who Needs Sleep Anyway? mostly recalls the universal phenomenon of medical reviews, where intelligent, creative professionals are compelled to take the piss out of themselves, their often stressful work and the institutions that manage them, because if they didn’t they’d go mad. Like an attentive parent herself, director Susan Wilson ensures we remain constantly stimulated for the 90-odd minutes running time (bisected by an interval that is probably needed more by the hard-working cast than the audience, although the recurring references to potty training, etc, could well make visits to the amenities more urgent). Central to the show is the ingeniously conceived Baby P, engagingly played by Peter Hambleton, who brings multiple voices and states of being – growing child, observer-cum-commentator, spokesperson for all babies, narrator, special friend of Plunket Nurse Daisy – to the role. His sometimes literally laid-back style belies an astute capacity to shift the tone, focus and mood as required by the wide-ranging and multi-facetted text. Also riding the roller coaster of new-found wants, needs and emotions are his first-time-parents, Polly and Paddy, given the full depth of commedia truth by Mel Dodge and Nick Dunbar respectively. Dodge in particular reaches right into the core of maternal emotions to sometimes agonising comedic effect. And Dunbar’s strong singing voice is a great asset in the oddly interpolated musical numbers. One of the most memorable Mum/Dad/Toddler sequences is the car seat episode (also involving moustachioed 1970s traffic cops, Dicks #1 & #2), which mixes matters of life and death, crime and punishment, conflicts of strategy, stretches of tolerance, moral dilemmas and the full range of emotions to produce an hysterically harrowing experience for all concerned. Dodge and Dunbar also do a great turn as The Anderson Twins in a 1950s Baby Show, while Dodge plays sundry other mothers and Dunbar gives us an newspaper editor, a 50s mother, a baby farmer and a child-friendly waiter. Jane Waddell’s core character is Daisy, the strict but warm-hearted Plunket Nurse, who is far too busy to have babies of her own. Perhaps the strongest social comment in the show comes from her manning of the Plunket Line, firmly fobbing off baby-sitting husbands (for example) who are traumatised by relatively trivial matters, in order to give due attention to a stressed out solo mother who is scared she will hurt her children: tough life meets tough love. It is implied that the under-resourcing of recent times suggests a tragic outcome in this scenario. In the Baby Show, Waddell gets to contrast Daisy with a broadly comic turn as go-getting ‘Baby Newlands’. She is also the main glove-puppeteer (assisted at times by Dunbar, I think) of two little lambs who come into the story at Truby King’s Karitane cottage* and pop back from time to time to bear silent but eloquent witness to the action. Dr Truby King, Plunket’s founding father,* is played with genial affection by Paul McLaughlin who also gives us a trendy ‘too posh to push’ Karori mother-to-be, Baby Robert, Baby Upper Hutt, Dick #2 and Jason Gunn, co-presenting TV reality-cum-infomercial shows that exploit parental fears for profit (another astute piece of social satire). As for Jennifer Ludlam, her quick flits in and out of eight characters deserve an accolade in themselves, quite apart from the instant authenticity she brings to roles as diverse as Nana (Polly’s potty training-obsessed mother), Josie the stressed-out solo Mum, a stylish Friend, a husband at ante-natal classes, Baby Karori, Dick #1 and Jude Dobson, co-presenter of the afore-mentioned TV shows. The role I’d like to see developed more, or at least less trivialised, is Bella King. As the unsung partner in founding and growing the Plunket movement – without whom Dr Truby was lost, when she died too young – she deserves to be seen as something more than the timid little twit hiding behind her husband (possibly valid as the way a male-centric world perceived her, but surely this is a chance to give her a better rap). The songs – original music by Michael Nicholas Williams, lyrics by Paul Jenden – pop up intermittently and, sung to pre-recorded synthesised music, are cheesy little numbers that skate over the heart of the matters or hold up the progressing story, and therefore seem to have questionable value. The sketchier routines are well cartooned, the historical material is efficiently articulated and integrated, and the paean to Plunket is astutely balanced with a gentle critique of its history – e.g. the fund-raising Baby Shows. On opening night the still-evolving script had been over-trimmed to the extent that the provenance of the Plunket* name was omitted entirely, and I gather that is to be remedied. But the abiding impact comes from the scenes where the trials and joys of parenthood and the vulnerabilities of the tiny tots collide in ways that are either touching, spectacular or both – e.g. the Caffe L’Affare encounter between Ludlam’s lactose-intolerant and wanting-what-she’s-not-allowed Baby Karori and Hambleton’s Baby P, who has been given marshmallows by the well-meaning waiter, turning a quiet morning coffee for Polly (Dodge) and Karori Mother (McLaughlin) into a loud and dramatic display of hyper-activity. While at first glance the show might seem light and fluffy, it has potency because it is rooted in deep respect, understanding and compassion for those who have lived – or are living – the experience of parenthood, and for the century-old society that has done so much to help out. There is a slight sense that the darker tones of social comment are a bit token, but given the target audience, it is entirely valid to place the central focus on the first child of a middle class Pakeha family, while allowing the sense of other realities to filter through from the Plunket Nurse’s experience. Young parents should give themselves a break and book tickets and their baby sitters immediately, or alternate girls’ nights out with boys’ nights out. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – *For readers not of this part of the world, the organisation now known as Plunket (slogan: caring for young families) was founded 100 years ago in Dunedin by mental hospital superintendent Dr Frederick Truby King and his wife Bella. Their cottage in Karitane became the first Karitane Home for Babies. Within a year the movement to educate mothers in ‘domestic hygiene’ and mothercraft, and promulgate Dr King’s ideology of ‘regularity of feeding, sleeping and bowel habits’, had attracted the patronage of Lady Victoria Plunket, mother of eight and wife of the then Governor General Lord Plunket, whose gave her/his name to the society. Copyright © in the review belongs to the reviewer

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(Image by Lawrence Sumulong: http://lawrencesumulong.com/) Working as a contemporary electronic producer there are a number of restrictions that are implicitly placed upon you. The pressure to make the next banger or to provide a coherent successor to your last output can force people to look at the music in quite a clinical way. Formulas are worked out and the next batch of tunes are made in that way. However, without doubt it is the people that do their own thing regardless, the people for whom making music is a compulsion, a race against time to get the sounds out of their head, that make the impact that lasts beyond the next big dub. Fancy Mike is a member of the latter group, a self-confessed obsessive who painstakingly extracts the music from his head. Over two mini-albums for the King Deluxe record label – ‘Madison Square Gardner’ and ‘Sigma Chi Primavera’ – he has seemingly only touched the surface of his capabilities and his ambitions. NB. I highly recommend checking out the King Deluxe Label if you get a chance, they are pushing some great music and have some really interesting ideas up their sleeve. Their ‘Year One’ compilation has just dropped so make sure you check that out. For 22 year old producer Fancy Mike, music is an exploratory process. Constantly working against his theoretical and technical limitations, he feels his way through his compositions getting them out of his head and onto record however he can. This auto-didactic approach perhaps explains the creative freedom with which his music is imbued. Built upon the work of 25 years of beat experimenters, his music soaks up elements of hip hop, house, dub and even some skewed pop sensibilities and filters them through the nuances of tv and film soundtracks. With an array of influences that ranges from Brian Eno and Philip Glass to Boards of Canada and Aphex Twin, this broad and fluent musical context informs the depth and vision of his music. Approach his back catalogue with a similarly open mind and visceral understanding and you will reap the benefits. Refusing to lay down any sonic strategies, his releases are a chaotic patchwork of ideas that are steeped in the rapidfire process of a restless creative, and that is precisely what makes them so enveloping. From the jarring thump and tightly wound, spiralling synths of ‘Ramachandran’ to the grandiose groundswell of ‘Lazer Opera’, the hyperspeed RnB of ‘Adult Swim’ ft. Stephen Farris to the skittering and cinematic electronica of ‘Swan Swan’ ft. Starfawn, each track details a different moment in time and all the momentary intensity that it encompasses. And what is most exciting is that you get the feeling this is only the beginning as he continues to master his craft and hone his ideas better with each new movement. Currently in the process of working on his debut vinyl EP for King Deluxe as well as several other projects, it seemed like the perfect time to get in touch and get behind the music. Read the interview below and gain a further insight into the processes behind Fancy Mike’s music from the collage of influences that he has put together for us underneath. First up, for those who don’t know can you please introduce yourself? I’m Fancy Mike, 22 years old, from the great Midwest and right now, I’m writing a book about a thirtysomething serial killer from the future. I’m also teaching high school-level English in the south of France. When did you first pick up production and what impelled you to do so? Was there any particular catalyst? I first began making electronic music during the summer of 2008. I remember, I bought an M-Audio Axiom 25 and rushed to create as many tracks as possible. At the time, I was using a trial version of Reason. There was music I needed to make. Is there anything that you feel is inherent to everything that you make? Any fundamental underlying principle? I make music that I want to hear, and I’m pretty obsessive about that kind of stuff. Like, I’ll listen to a nearly-finished track at least 50 times before I’ll even consider it to be “finished.” This might sound crazy but I can hear music in my head and I absolutely want other people to hear that music. There’s really no other way of putting it. I started making electronic music because I wanted to share the music I hear in my head. Every time I start a new track, I’m rushing to record the sounds I hear inside my head. I’m always working against time. I was first introduced to your music through the ‘Madison Square Gardner’ and ‘Sigma Chi Primavera’ releases on King Deluxe, a label I have been really impressed with. How did you hook up with those guys? Peter, who is in charge of King Deluxe actually runs another label, Peppermill Records, and it was there that I sent an email with a link to some tracks I had been working on. I was looking for a place that wasn’t necessarily geared toward electronic music or just beats, but I also wanted to find a place that wasn’t just interested in releasing music. I wanted a place that was interested in discussing the creative process of preparing a release: music, artwork, videos, etc. That’s exactly what King Deluxe is, and come to think of it, Peter happens to be that crazy guy who happens to also run a music label. Like, he lives in this cabin, in the middle of the woods somewhere in Canada and for four months each year, he goes out treeplanting. He’s always busy doing something, but he’s also sending me emails, working with other King Deluxe artists on their releases and promoting everyone’s music. I don’t know how he manages to do all of this but I feel that it’s been a real blessing to work with King Deluxe. Going back over your music I hear a real progression in style and composition. Is this something of which you are consciously aware? I don’t actually know how to play the piano. Like, I was given a few lessons as a kid but never took any of it too seriously. I teach myself everyday how to make music but at the same time, I just do whatever feels natural, really. For instance, I still don’t think I have gotten to a point where I am comfortable with my drum programming so every time I am working on a track, it’s the drum programming that takes the longest time to finish. If I were to record myself on film making a track, you might probably think, “what the hell is he doing,” or “that’s not how you do that at all,” and part of me is scared that one day, someone will actually walk in on me call me out on my shit, but at the same time, I also feel like it’s that sort of experimentation and trial-and-error approach that makes the music that much more interesting to hear. I’m sort of glad I’m not a classically-trained musician in that sense. To take that point further, is music a conscious process for you? That is to say, do you have a specific vision of what you are trying to do when you start a track? When I start a track, I know what I want the track to sound like because I can hear it my head, but due to technological limitations and a lack of skill, what I make may end up sounding nothing like what I was hearing in my head. It’s always a challenge actually, but I like that a lot. I’ll have two, sometimes three different versions of the same track and if I ever let you listen to those versions, you will quickly realize that my music is full of nothing but happy accidents. You have a vinyl EP forthcoming on the King Deluxe label. When will that be seeing the light of day? Is this your first vinyl release? The vinyl will be releasing in 2012 and yes, it will be my first. I am actually quite excited about the whole affair. Does knowing that the music created will be part of a larger physical whole alter your approach to it at all? Are you a vinyl enthusiast? To be honest, I think it’s the actual idea that “this is going to be something I can hold in my hands” that actually intrigues me the most, especially at this stage. I mean, it’s great to release music digitally and I have some great tracks for this vinyl release, don’t get me wrong, but at the same time, a digital release becomes nothing more than a few megabytes on somebody’s hard drive after a while. A vinyl record takes up physical space. If it falls on the ground, in the middle of the room, you either have to pick it up or walk around it, you can’t ignore it. It’s for this reason that I have always had a penchant for vinyl products in general. Do you take an active interest in the artwork for your releases? Do you see the connection between the two as an important one? I can never call an album cover bad or terrible but I can certainly detect if it is something lazy and there is nothing more appalling, as far as album artwork is concerned, than a lazy album cover. I have always been interested in art and even applied to several art schools right after graduating high school (eventually, I decided to attend a private liberal arts school) but if you’ve noticed, all of my album covers feature work done by other artists. This is something I do deliberately. I would have no problem creating my own covers but right now, I feel like it is important to have an alternate [visual] take on the music I create. Whenever I am working with an artist, I will usually send some tracks with a rather loose set of instructions so the artist can create something that truly reflects my music, in a manner that also reflects that artist’s style. The artwork tells just as much of a story as the tracks, and in a way, the artwork also gives me something to look forward to whenever I am preparing a release. I’m fascinated by the things somebody else can see while listening to my music. It’s amazing! There are a lot of references to film and TV in your song titles as well as in the music itself. Do you see visual reference points as directly influencing the music? Is there any particular element of this that inspires you? I love film scores. As a matter of fact, there are a couple of tracks I have never played for anyone, tracks that sound more like film accompaniments or science fiction scores. Since I’m a terrible musician, I take great pride in naming my tracks. I’ll spend a great deal of time on just the title for one track. I’ll treat it like a film and imagine, “what story could this song tell?” It’s simply a case of extreme thoroughness on my part and the fact that I want to always be proud of all of my tracks, no matter what. Any references to film and television are incidentally brazen in nature. What projects are you working on at the moment? Can we expect new music to surface soon? I am constantly working on new music. Always, every day, even if I am not sitting at my computer, I am composing something new in my head. It’s pure torture, especially when I forget a particular tune, but every time I sit down, I’ll have another new tune ready for composition, it really never ends. I recently noticed that I hardly ever do any remixes either so, these last few months, I have worked on a couple of remixes, namely Alphabets Heaven’s “Woman” and Elliot’s “Thundering Plants.” It’s quite a challenge (for me at least) to create something new using somebody else’s vision. I feel like it gets in the way of what I want to do, and I love that! Currently, I am working on a remix for the band Lotus and Russian beat maker, Pixelord. A new tune of mine will also be featured in the future Mad Hop compilation and the Kingston Jazz Trio has released a jazz rendition of my track Cartoon Pornography for the King Deluxe: Year One compilation. I am also working on a collaborative project with Yojimbo Billions, then, of course, that vinyl album of mine. There’s also a Fancy Mike mini-European tour happening in Q1/Q2 of 2012. *Below we get a deeper insight into the mindset that fuels Fancy Mike’s music as he takes it through some of his key influences and inspirations… Dell Latitude D600 Some quick specs: Microsoft Windows XP Professional, Intel® Pentium® M Processor 1.60 GHz, 512 MB of RAM. This is the laptop I use for all my live performances. It used to be my father’s work laptop; he gave it to me as a sort of going-away present my first year of college, so it’s definitely got history. It takes, on average, 7 whole minutes to start up. PortaPro Koss Headphones I have a thing about headphones, and I’m not talking about the sonic values or anything. I just usually don’t like headphones that fuck with my my hair. Like, after I’ve usually worn some over-the-ear headphones, I’ll have to redo my hair since it’ll not only feel out of place but also look like I’ve been wearing over-the-ear headphones, funny; right? The PortaPro Koss headphones look like they were made in the 90s and feel somewhat flimsy but mark my words: these have some of the best bass and all-around sound I have ever heard on a pair of <$50 headphones. They also offer a lifetime warranty. I want to be the greatest musician of the 21st century, and to do that, I need to follow in Zomby’s footsteps. But seriously, he’s got some great tunes. Sweeping Electronic Atmospherics Key artists: Rustie, Hyetal, Damu, Sully, Kuedo, Nosaj Thing and Oneohtrix Point Never I certainly have a thing for all of these artists. AKAI LPK 25 Size doesn’t matter. This little “professional performance keyboard” is just as capable as my M-Audio Axiom 25 and imagine sitting on a train for five hours with nothing to do…. It’s saved my life at least 3 times. Hype Williams – One Nation Key track: Break4love (Reversed) I can only ever handle about three or four Hype Williams tracks on any given day and I don’t know why. But really, I’ve always had a soft spot for lo-fi/tek recordings and deceptively simple-sounding music. Though I could certainly list a handful of excellent Hype Williams tracks, I only want to highlight Break4love (reversed.) I fell in love with this track one night while lying in bed. I was still feeling a little loopy after having read some Murakami so hearing this track absolutely added to my, then, dreamlike state of mind. All in all, it’s an instrumental composition that brings to mind Stephen King texts. Like, not the films, but the texts themselves. I know it sounds weird but I believe I’m the first to have discovered Break4love’s secret subliminal qualities. Boy Meets World Key tracks: Intro / Life as a Shorty / Samsonite Man / Bo Jackson The rapping’s good, sure, but this record stands out for me because it is completely produced by Exile. Google his name and watch some of his live performances on Youtube. I personally think he’s one of the few legitimate MPC wizards currently making music. Some of the catchiest beats I have ever heard. Key texts: Kafka on the Shore / The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle / Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World I first began reading Murakami on a flight to Madrid. One of my friends, who spent some time in India, gave me Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and told me it would, not only enrich my living abroad experience but, he also said something about the text “changing” his life. At the time, I didn’t really understand any of that, but since I’ve moved to France, Murakami has quickly become my drug of choice. Adobe Audition 3.0’s crazy Equalizer/Compressor/Mixer Influenced and shaped much of the Madison Square Gardner sound. Danny Elfman/Christopher Young Spiderman Main Title The film was great but skip forward to 2:48 and close your eyes. Alone I & II: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo Key tracks: Ooh / The World We Love So Much / Oh Jonas / Please Remember / Come to My Pod / Blast Off! / Superfriend / Longtime Sunshine / Lemonade This is what I like to call: some rough-as- fuck music. When he’s playing with Weezer, Rivers is lauded for his pop sensibilities and knack for creating catchy-as-fuck songs, but with these two solo records, we hear this awkward kid recording demo tracks in his room, all alone, and it feels really weird, in a really good way… Key collaborations: Burial & Four Tet, DOOM & Thom Yorke & Jonny Greenwood, Lorn & Samiyam, Om Unit & Kromestar, Benjamin Damage & Doc Daneeka, Pinch & Shackleton, Sepalcure, Carl Craig & Moritz von Oswald, Clams Casino & Lil B, Gorillaz, Clutchy Hopkins & DOOM, Deltron 3030, Dangermouse et al., Desert Sessions, the Good, the Bad & The Queen and Trent Reznor & Atticus Ross. Listen to some of the music that has been created as a result of these collaborations. It’s fantastic. Now I’m obsessed. I almost never turn down an offer to collaborate.

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|.|. .|. .|. DOCUMENT TITLE: Declaration of Sherman Lenske SUBJECT: Advanced Technology rights; copyrights; L. Ron Hubbard's "estate plan;" Treasury Department personnel involved in "proof" that Hubbard was alive and well; more PARTIES: Sherman D. Lenske, Special Director of the corporation known as "Church of Spiritual Technology" (CST); Religious Technology Center (RTC); Arnaldo Pagliarini "Arnie" Lerma; Digital Gateway Systems; The Washington Post; Marc Fisher and Richard Leiby, reporters for the Washington Post; Richard L. Brunelle, forensic chemist for Treasury Department's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF); Meade Emory and Sherman Lenske, architects of the "estate planning" and of the corporate restructuring; Sherman Lenske as counsel to Starkey during probate of the Will; Sherman Lenske, Stephen Lenske, and Lawrence E. Heller, Special Directors of CST at the time of this Declaration, as "consultants" to Starkey (Trustee of both Author's Family Trust-A and Author's Family Trust-B), and as "Trust Protectors" BACKGROUND AND NOTES This 12 November 1995 Declaration of Sherman Lenske was submitted in a copyright infringement case against Arnie Lerma, the Washington Post, and two of their reporters. For more on this and other related copyright infringement cases, see our special report, CST and IRS: Copyright Terrorists. To the eternal shame of the Washington Post and their reporters, they never discovered that Sherman Lenske was Special Director of the very corporation, CST, that owned the copyrights the Post was being accused of infringing: Sherman Lenske withheld that fact in this Declaration he submitted to the court of jurisdiction, and the Post and their attorneys never bothered to find out. That such an important piece of information was withheld by Lenske is unquestionably an intent to deceive, and a fraud upon and contempt of the court. In fact, Judge Leoni Brinkema never discovered that she'd been had by Lenske, either; she even said in a ruling that RTC owned the copyrights at issue, an absolute falsehood that Sherman Lenske was entirely aware of. That's how badly she got taken. For a full accounting of the 10,000+ copyrights owned by CST, be sure to visit our Copyrights section. There you will find listed every copyrighted work that was at issue in the captioned case, all of which came into the full ownership of CST on 30 November 1993, two years before this Declaration. But this Declaration--even apart from being an utterly humiliating fraud on the court, on Judge Brinkema, and on the Post and their counsel--reveals many important facts about the creation of the corporations, about the various legal instruments that can be found on our site, about the fact that RTC's licenses were all "exclusive of copyright," and many other issues pertinent to the fraud set up by Lenske, as assistant to IRS's Meade Emory. More than a few of the reports and other documents on this site link to sections of Lenske's Declaration. Therefore, we won't belabor here the many interesting facts revealed and patent frauds perpetrated by Lenske, since they are recorded elsewhere, linked to the relevant sections highlighted in bold in the document itself, below. But one lie told by Lenske in his Declaration is so germane to the entire fraud, and so egregious, that it warrants a bright illumination: Lenske claims, really as a sole foundation for all of the fraudulent "estate plan" created by him with Emory and IRS, that L. Ron Hubbard had previously "informally licensed the trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and trade secrets of Dianetics and Scientology." It's just a blatant, bold, and reprehensible lie, but one without which the entire fraudlent "estate plan" could not have happened. The reason they had to lie is because L. Ron Hubbard had stated unequivocally that all the intellectual property, all of it, without exception, belonged by blanket transfer to HCO, a division of HASI, Inc. The Lenskes, purportedly handling Hubbards "business interests" in 1977, allowed HASI, Inc. to be revoked as a corporation. See our reports on HASI, Inc., and on a later, likely fraudulent "Assignment" of copyrights in our documents chronology for an account of what it appears the Lenskes and Emory did in order to intentionally and secretly nullify Hubbard's blanket assignment to HCO. Here is the "Declaration" of Sherman Lenske: IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA RELIGIOUS TECHNOLOGY CENTER, a ) California non-profit religious ) corporation, ) CIVIL ACTION ARNALDO PAGLIARINI LERMA, an ) individual; DIGITAL GATEWAY SYSTEMS, a ) Virginia corporation; THE WASHINGTON ) POST CORPORATION, a District of ) Columbia corporation; MARC FISHER, an ) individual; and RICHARD LEIBY, an ) DECLARATION OF SHERMAN LENSKE I, Sherman Lenske, declare and say: 1. I am over 18 years of age and a resident of the State of California. I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth in this declaration and, if called upon as a witness, I could and would competently testify thereto. 2. I am an attorney admitted to practice in the State of California, and before the United States District Court, Central District of California, the United States Tax Court, and the United States Supreme Court. I received an LL.B. from the University of California at Los Angeles. I have practiced law for almost thirty years, specializing in the areas of corporate (profit and non-profit), estate planning and general business. For the past fifteen years I have been a principal in the law firm of Lenske, Lenske and Abramson, a Law Corporation (formerly known as Lenske, Lenske, Heller and Magasin). 3. I represented Mr. L. Ron Hubbard in all aspects of his estate planning from the time he engaged me as his attorney in approximately April 1981 until his death on January 24, 1986, and also represented the Executor of his Estate through the probate of his Will, which was concluded in January 1989. All of the documents effectuating the estate plan were drafted either by me or under my supervision, at the direction of Mr. Hubbard. 4. Between May and October of 1981, I conducted research and worked on developing Mr. Hubbard's estate plan. In or about October of 1981, Mr. Hubbard informed me of his overall desires with respect to his estate plan, and particularly with respect to his intellectual properties. 5. In late 1981, and continuing into 1982, with my direct participation and under my supervision proposals and documents were prepared to carry out Mr. Hubbard's estate plan which were submitted to him. After his review and comments, refinements of the estate plan were made upon Mr. Hubbard's instructions to ensure that his intentions were carried out exactly. 6. I have seen documents filed in the above-captioned case which purport to suggest that there may be some controversy or dispute regarding certain documents created and executed as part of Mr. Hubbard's estate plan. Having been the principal architect of Mr. Hubbard's estate plan and of all the documents which are part of that plan, I can state conclusively that any purported controversy or dispute is fabricated and is also legally invalid, impossible and ineffectual. 7. The defendants here have made much of the fact that Religious technology Center (RTC) did not produce the original of the 1982 Advanced Technology Assignment in this case. As seen below, that issue is a red herring. I have had the original of the Assignment in my safe for thirteen years since it was signed. RTC was provided with a photocopy for its records. I have seen a copy of the Assignment which RTC filed in this case, and it is an exact duplicate of the original that I have had in my safe. The non-production of the original copy is truly a non-issue since I am the custodian of the original, and not RTC. However, as I am aware that it has been made into an issue, I am attaching as Exhibit A a true and correct copy that I have made of the original document, which I am certifying pursuant to Cal. Evidence Code § 1531. Inspection of this document will reveal that it matches precisely the one that has been provided in this case by RTC. 8. Because defendants in this action have tried to insinuate that there is something mysterious about RTC not having provided the original document, they thereby imply that the copy RTC provided may not be a copy of the original. To further provide the Court with evidence that the copy the Court has in its possession is genuine (and not a copy of some other or altered document), I had the L Ron. Hubbard's signature on the original document newly analyzed by handwriting expert William Bowman (one of the foremost forensic handwriting experts in the country). He confirmed that it is L Ron Hubbard's signature, thereby verifying that the document I have in my safe is the original, and the copy I have attached is an exact duplicate. (see exhibit B, William Bowman Declaration). It is a copy of the document that Mr. Bowman authenticated which I have attached hereto as Exhibit A and this copy matches exactly with the copy of the document RTC provided to the Court. 9. The creation of RTC, and its receipt of the Advanced Technology Assignment, played an important role in protecting the intellectual properties associated with the Scientology religion. Mr. Hubbard specifically approved the formation of RTC to help effectuate his estate plan. As a result, RTC was incorporated on January 1, 1982 for the purpose of owning the Scientology trademarks and service marks and the Advanced Technology. Over the ensuing months assignment documents were reviewed and refined until they were precisely what Mr. Hubbard wanted. 10. As one part of Mr. Hubbard's estate planning, he directed that his U.S. rights to the Advanced technology, exclusive of copyrights, be conveyed to RTC at that time and the remainder would be transferred to RTC following his death. The first part of this objective was accomplished in May, 1982 when Mr. Hubbard signed the Advanced Technology Assignment, and the remainder was accomplished on November 30, 1988 when Norman F. Starkey, as Executor of the Will of L Ron Hubbard, assigned the remainder of Mr. Hubbard's rights to the Advanced technology, other than the copyrights, to RTC. 11. The Assignment of the United States rights to the advanced Technology to RTC was prepared under my direction and approved by Mr. Hubbard, who executed it on May 10, 1982. The Assignment was executed by RTC on May 16, 1982, by Stephen Glen Marlowe as president, and Laura Marlowe, as secretary. Mr. Marlowe inadvertently filled in May 16 on the first page of the assignment agreement and omitted the year. The Assignment was, however, supposed to be dated January 1, 1982, the date of RTC's incorporation, since the rights and obligations stated in the Assignment were already proceeding before it was executed, and the Assignment was a formalization of those ongoing activities into written, enforceable obligations. The assignment of the U.S. rights to Advanced Technology was done, in part, to provide RTC with a source of income necessary to discharge its responsibilities in protecting the marks and the purity of the Scientology religion, as discussed in paragraph 5. 12. A month or two after execution of the assignment, an addendum was drafted by my firm under my supervision and executed by Mr. Hubbard, adding additional Advanced technology materials to the 1982 Assignment. I am advised that the defendants in this case have attempted to make an issue of the dates of this addendum and the original Assignment. Once again. they are attempting to turn a non-issue into a red flag. 13. The January 1, 1982 date on the addendum is explained by the intention that the document be effective with the January 1, 1982 inception of RTC. The January 19, 1982 date is when the existence of new Advanced Technology levels, known as New OT VIII through New OT XI, were announced. The addendum therefore corrected an oversight in the original Advanced technology Assignment document by including these new OT Levels back to the date of their announcement. 14. The defendants have also attempted to raise a controversy on the subject of the Advanced Technology Assignment by making it seem suspicious that in a speech by Mr. Hubbard for New Years' Eve 1983, he mentioned the assignment of the Scientology trademarks to RTC, but not the Advanced technology. This argument, however, is a smokescreen because it misapprehends that the Assignment and Addenda thereto are only portions of Mr. Hubbard's overall estate plan. 15. There are many other parts of Mr. Hubbard's estate plan which he does not mention in the tape recorded message either. The tape was an address to all Scientology parishioners worldwide, and it is therefore not surprising that Mr. Hubbard did not discuss the more esoteric issues of his partial assignment of trade secret rights in the Advanced Technology or other aspects of his estate planning. The estate plan was an entire package, of which the Advanced Technology Assignment documents were only one part. There were also a Will, a trust, and a separate assignment of the trademarks. The dispute which the defendants are trying to create is not a dispute at all. An estate plan of this complexity required implementation through several different documents, each of which was duly executed. 16. The estate plan was created specifically to carry out Mr. Hubbard's exact intentions. From 1950 until mid-1982, Mr. Hubbard had registered, owned and informally licensed the trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and trade secrets of Dianetics and Scientology. This provided him with a legal means of enforcing the orthodox practice of the religion and preventing misuse of those intellectual property rights by persons who were trying to pass off their activities as being Dianetics or Scientology, when they were not. The estate plan was formulated to ensure continued protection of those intellectual properties after Mr. Hubbard's death. 17. While I can take credit for the creation of the plan itself and the documents that effectuated the plan, including the Advanced Technology Assignment documents, Mr. Hubbard not only approved the documents, he is also the one who instructed that they they be prepared in the first place and provided me with the intentions I embodied in the plan and the documents. The integrity of these documents is unassailable. 18. Another important aspect of the estate plan was the assignment of the Scientology trademarks to RTC. Under trademark law, Mr. Hubbard was burdened with the requirement to personally enforce these marks as any trademark owner is. There was no guarantee that this function would be properly fulfilled following his death, because at that time he did not wish to be involved in any way in the management of the Churches, but wanted to carry on with his research, and because he wanted to see the purity of the Scientology religion safeguarded throughout the ages, he wanted to convey the trademarks of Scientology to a new organization that would enforce them. Thus, the trademarks, too, were given to RTC by Mr. Hubbard. 19. This current "controversy" reminds me of another false controversy surrounding Advanced Technology Assignment documents which occurred 12 years ago, prior to Mr. Hubbard's death, in which my firm and I represented Mr. Hubbard. Any doubts on this issue were resolved with absolute finality at that time. In 1983, Mr. Hubbard's estranged son, Ron DeWolf, challenged the entire handling of Mr. Hubbard's estate and assets by bringing a frivolous probate action in Riverside county, 20. Mr. Hubbard was in seclusion at that time, involved principally in research and writing. I advised Mr. Hubbard of the allegations that were being made about him and his estate and he disposed of this matter by providing two documents: A. a handwritten letter to the presiding judge in which he affirmed that he was in voluntary seclusion in order to work on his projects, was in full control over his legal and financial affairs, and that his estate was being very competently managed, followed by B. a sworn declaration which repeated and amplified this same information and also responded to allegations I advised him had been made about those who were handling his affairs, including David Miscavige, assuring the Court that any activities by Mr. Miscavige "at any time concerned [Mr. Hubbard's] personal or business affairs have been done with [his] knowledge and authorization and for [his] benefit." [Ex. B, Bowman Dec. and Exhibits 3 and 4 thereto) 21. The authenticity of Mr. Hubbard's declaration and handwritten letter was demonstrated to the full satisfaction of the Court and the general public: A. The handwritten letter and the declaration bore a unique specially-prepared, time-dated ink that was formulated, and later confirmed, by BATF Forensic Chemist Richard L. Brunelle; B. Both the handwritten letter and the Declaration bore Mr. Hubbard's fingerprints on every page and these were positively identified by Los Angeles police Department fingerprint expert as belonging to L. Ron Hubbard; and C. The handwriting and signatures on both the handwritten letter and the declaration were confirmed by William Bowman, the top Forensic Document Examiner for the Los Angeles Police Department, as being, without question, that of L. Ron Hubbard. (ex. B, Bowman Dec.) 22. This showing resulted in the dismissal of Mr. DeWolf's thoroughly frivolous probate action on summary judgement. No other challenge to the estate plan occurred ether before Mr. Hubbard's death or thereafter during the pendency of the probate 23. The final step in effectuating the estate plan was, of course, the ultimate probate of Mr. Hubbard's Will following his death on January 24, 1986. The 1982 Assignment had given RTC all U.S. rights, exclusive of copyright, in the Advanced Technology, Mr. Hubbard retained the copyrights to the Advanced Technology at that time, as he did the non-U.S. trade secret rights in the Advanced Technology. In accordance with Mr. Hubbard's wishes, the Executor of his estate gave an exclusive license for the copyrighted materials to the Advanced Technology to RTC on September 17, 1987 and assigned to RTC the non-U.S. trade secret rights in the Advanced Technology on November 30, 1988. the exclusive copyright license and assignment of November 30, 1988 were confirmed by the primary beneficiary of Mr. Hubbard's estate, Church of Spiritual Technology (CST), after the estate was distributed. The trademarks and the U.S. rights to the Advanced Technology were not part of Mr. Hubbard's Estate because he had transferred them to RTC in May, 1982 and they were conclusively and properly recognized as the property of RTC by the Executor, the heirs and CST. 24. Because I handled the estate planning, the creation of the documents pursuant to that plan, and supervised the probate of Mr. Hubbard's Will until the closing of his Estate, I am the person most knowledgeable about those events. An important point, of which the Court must be informed, is that when that Estate was closed, all issues related to the disposition of Mr. Hubbard's property were conclusively ended. The probate of the Will and the proceedings in the Probate Court in San Luis Obispo County settled the transfers of all properties that passed under Mr. Hubbard's estate plan, including the 1982 Assignments. The propriety of the transfers of property can no longer be disputed, as a matter of California law. 25. The defendants in this case have apparently tried to create an impression that there is a discrepancy between Mr. Hubbard's signatures on his January 23, Will and on the 1982 Assignment. There is no issue here --Mr. Hubbard signed both documents. The signature on that Will was fully authenticated in 1986 by the same handwriting expert who has analyzed the signature on the 1982 Assignment and they are both the signature of L. Ron Hubbard. (Ex. C, 1986 Declaration of William Bowman). There is no controversy. If the two signatures look different, it is because the one on the Will was placed there the day before Mr. Hubbard passed away. It creates no cause for controversy, as the Probate Court has already probated the Will and ordered 26. It is not credible under the circumstances, that anyone could even attempt to create a colorable issue of fact over the authenticity of the Advanced Technology Assignment document, or any of the other estate documents for that matter. There is simply no question that RTC owns these rights. I know. I was Mr. Hubbard's personal attorney. I was the architect of Mr. Hubbard's estate plan. I crafted the Advanced Technology Assignment and, indeed, every document concerning his estate plan pursuant to Mr. Hubbard's instruction. I have had the original Assignment documents in my office safe continuously since they were signed. The Advanced Technology Assignment and all other estate planning documents were open to challenge in the San Luis Obispo probate action which ended over six years ago without such challenge. The authenticity of this assignment and RTC's ownership of the Advanced Technology is established history. I declare, under penalty of perjury and under the laws of the State of California, that the forgoing is true and correct. Executed this 12th day of November, 1995, at Woodland Hills, Sherman D. Lenske |.|. .|. .|.

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this is pretty good...hi to the drummer that opened for curve (hi neilsy...engines of aggression - good stuff! then came korn) according to sources, these are israelis - so what? israel = 'is real' to me...and you? the clown's name is 'berghoven' (mine 'bereghoven') or 'burnt oven' (burg or neighborhood oven is hot with pressures being just you to old friends, neighbors) or then theirs as 'back home in your neck of the woods starving us down' so seem...if the drummer is chris ondy, boy! you're hot - see ya soon again the singer is ol' stacy keach we believe or then shannon...forgive extras soon symbols me: the staircase is at the 'palace' in hollywood where played the boots are granny from beverly hills-texaco asking us not to be this will do for now...shy, uncooperative, afraid? "what? i don't see anything..." eggsactly u r that just another fool scissor sisters 'filthy gorgeous' now we can know you madonna finally covers 'nothing fails' live - a heartbreaker (a 'stanza') from 2003's 'remixed & revisited' ep mtv's carson hosts the shot live "You don't pay people when people don't get paid." - dM overhearing a black "midnight" attorney last night in PA, Cela Thompson for Angie Stone "Knowing is spending too - the pen thief." - dM or then 'Christ' maybe "There's nobody down there - nobody. You're not going." - dM quotes his Christ's mother about carnivals she supposedly made herself as showcasing freaks "Geek Love" (gay love...a gala) "Somebody special [an actor, singer] asks 'who's who here?', so we tell them. They enforce it with guns if you get it wrong again." - dM quoting someone replying to my question about how anyone gets to be a religion or anyone here anyway Bad Deal Central, Lower Back Pain At Once Criss-Crossing Through To The Elbow In A Pile Of Naph-Electric Trans-Fat (You Won't Shit Your Pants En Route - All Welsh And Scrimmaged Stabs At The Heart Bag For Rare Another excellent track from the Cocteau Twins podcast at Apple iTunes - they made this great (who sings? we sampled Neil's Tennant's voice on the phone when he was upset over money June 12, 1992 - his 'mother' died) Heaven or Las Vegas (Cover Version) 5:36 4/15/07 APRIL 15/07 - Cover version of track Heaven or Las Vegas by an unknown artist. Track was submitted for inclusion in the Half-Gifts (Tribute to Cocteau Twins) CD, but was not selected. ' singing on my favorite street | i want your love all over, all over, all over me | life's in heaven or las vegas ' you could loose it all ? make your bets in life then take your share (c. hynde), essex-p 'rogaids' hatbuckler my favorite street is franklin avenue then in hollywood itself - so central its great beauty and at the foothills! i lived in the orange building for fourteen (14) years...apartments 514 (roommates from 1988), 319 (alone, circa 1992), 320 (alone, circa 1993), 308 (for with boyfriend then alone circa 1994-2002 or so...) plus, the pet shop boys' studio 'sarm west' is atop franklin towers (the 'entourage' condo, sure - the original 'sarm' is lancaster, pa 'our first job' it says -- see the 'heart' video) it ain't worth much - but brief narrative from january 23 adds 1 gigabyte chip i got with a raincheck from cvs $9.99 this was 2 minutes at 100 megs about...twenty mins then? the little candle holders on the table feature one that is lopsided on center peg and is just like a gear if a cog or rounded tooth gear but fuller i think and as rotating, the lopsided gear or cog shows a transmission kinda only turning an axle or level wheel-gear sometimes while spinning around - no? will a hollow motor axle turn a gear faster if rounded inside? less work distribution though...double up anyway, a rainy day i made...love the show 'big love' on hbo by the way martha plimpton (and weirdo model kathy mcnemeny...marilyn manson plus sneaker pimps 'long hard road out of hell') is heather locklear, btw yup...see the long, brown braided horn is spanish here sure - when proposing to woman as 'saint' looking anywhere else, it says 'maybe not me, but one other [as next to or close by then]' marilyn is a corpse or god's 'first person' that supposedly challenges women when it comes to being sexy and having 'the look' if so to speak and if their halsted idea of beauty is bald black man from the ivory coast this also our christ cursing god for simply aging with no such powers yet made as perhaps a red-foreheaded clairvoyant (no additions to marilyn makeup) sure - i'd sell my soul for anything but being with you a cruel master of all it made and it seems... 'i'm married' (mary) and at oh so young it furthers...how will i live this to be at all? the 'lesbians' are funny too one with a fake lion's mane - always exchanging same value at price as cheap and forgotten by me too a white rose or flower says 'is either one of us' to you - a forgotten person here p.s. the siamese twins are ashley of 'harry potter' fame very young just a baby...and see that's anita bryant in the last installment of 'phoenix' the top two (2) are the sheets we got at target and fyi sure - an off blue 'aqua' and a dark rattan 'brown' i ruined 'em the blue with clearasil brand concealer, i think 'it couldn't happen here' from 1987 oh you were injured bad defending our freedoms as still talking but then again how free? two wins: getting it together, getting it to past you aids? no - no gay issues with success spoken to be, but of course we're hopeful for all on the way up and as against you remember how clear it seemed in six-inch heels go all the way you knew you could who do you think you are? who pays your bills? how come you came this far? shrugged them off and locked the door it almost seems impossible and broke up everyone i may be wrong i thought we said it couldn't happen here i don't expect to talk in terms of sense an inch of innocence your battle scars now it almost seems and drove off everyone i may be wrong but i thought we said it couldn't happen here now it almost seems i may be wrong i thought we said it couldn't happen here this is the song called 'twelve parts' from the movie 'less than zero'...thomas newman, haunting is the difference between living and dying? eye of the moment i'd say and add elton john's 'funeral for a friend' slowed down lots don't lend people our grace the title to me says 'even if someone gave to you, you'd still have or then as a car going 0-50 in no time at all, you should say more - it took alot to keep you together keep it to yourself any 'third-person' tripe (eating pig guts whole and dripping) as overhearing Thank you to the House Of Blues Sunset Strip for hosting us last night (01/14/09)...who knew how pretty and varied inside! All was sweet. In my head people go "no one cares if you were there"...if you did care, all went well for me. Use most lefterly door front, go to the back and enter patios and tv room back to front right like a big "u"...I sang Foreigner's "Blue Morning, Blue Day" as we ate some privately and as from album #2 "Double Vision"...was talking to Aerosmith's Steven Tyler much of the night in the head he lives with us but his time is short and brutal (this a home of his he says - "the only one" he adds). Blacks I centered like this stuff too I hear, but you're not allowed to sit in the tv room and talk to couples too much they say. We sat with Sylvia Plath (author, "The Bell Jar" about abortions in the 60's-70's I guess, the 'bell jar' being the womb undisturbed...) for a while... Consider The Gap again. The name was formed by corporate strategy (God) in 1976 to honor Jimmy Carter who started it all regaining strength after his election boiled over (mine: they don't make you special ever, they just admit you beat their ass like sitting in concert loving their stuff - so what?) The Gap went on to be owned by Nestle but is not my friend for rapid gains (noting once that Doug loves success only and admits they're my friend for never closing shop and having it well you deliver me sense at price). You price yourselves too high these days to make a point for me but never closing you are government-owned no one profits here after buyouts and buyouts. No one thrives here get a job selling the stuff again to make more morning money and you pay me yet. The Gap makes reference to a "gaffe" or political statement made off and unawares. You wear jeans like Levis - their original proust - to keep it casual cool and a statement taken off isn't so bothersome to us anymore. We earned it and it still tells you what to do and why noting however that clothes make the man and Jews nearly refuse to be seen in them always tailoring older stuff for their butt or something. Be cool. Terry's mutual fund (Muhlenkamp) closes 2008 with a balance of $9,974 (with shares at $38.60 after-tax or no buttons to pull) down from $16,756.22 at open (or $65 per share). An IRA post-tax is this and is this yours? Firmly $200 a paycheck in the hole for years like a fucking moron while I run checks...beggars. My friend here says about "retirement" that he's "not going to be eating ALPO like you" - that's real for me. His sister says to me she cashed the parents at $600k and it was legit ("I dressed him for years" she says of the sometime actor "who murders women" and died of prostate cancer promptly on pills but won't say - we He, Terry, expects a cool million but does this to me now...today it lunch money. You pay for these fucks here, Bitch - I'm expensive. One day he is simply going to be old Beverly Sills again. Sentence" a most recent vehicle for harmon Kevin Bacon (from the hereafter I'm to be called Doug Mousse...) at that film site Watch-Movies.net and thanks for the greets. Synopsis: A family man now seeking qualitative argument with his family after shorn (if our finest movements are caring for ourselves alone and unusually), sits in a car at a 'new' gas pump while his oldest son bargains his ass away as victimage in a convenience store robbery that ends with the kid getting shot (in Salem's way I'd say - strange moves). All is not as it seems - this kid comes from god-knows-where as both kids have appeal and it turns out we have ex's here, kinda, back from lathe making points count. I have to do with less while you cite family to me and quite frankly the gifts here get extreme. Shown for the pumps to body that melt my heart with noise. Good show. Aperture. Watch closely. the last one a year ago was so good even though we're unwelcome mostly i go anyway maybe we'll be there - be reminded i'm not you...no one to know, is mean and looks private-citizen your challenge is to deny and make me real - i never tell you anything and get usual fast don't ever think i live to see you and say - i play dumb just like last night when i murdered too little girls in the 930 block of palm in east brunswick, new jersey these are not for you i've always been cruel but you are stupid to me always my biggest challenge is not looking bad when i'm trying get laid a woman's foam is everyhow i get in bad binds but you'll take it up the ass later i had this shit as no one special and you just get cheaper and cheaper to me p.s. my plane either has fake people, delivered people from renegade to heaven unknown to you, or simply died afterward some still dying? you? protest your bad breath...these are all real but unwelcome at any rate The year-end robs me of my own the gavel down. From soup to butts yours 1) Hoover Dam seem on the road before Las Vegas makes gasoline (from corn, peaches mostly) - did you know that? That's why it's surrounded with black tnt and its regards. The sheen apparent on the other side. True? I liked it...precursor or prevelvets. "We want people to pay" is the quote... 2) Good movies of late: "No Country For Old Men" - strange shit and truly evil...some Jane Austen period prick ("Atonement") with the real Rupert Everett nice looking and everlast Sean Young. Good stuff. Strange more soon...this I begin with a younger woman fighting a young man open chest for possession of a painted plaster urn at an outdoor fountain in England the countryside - he breaks the handle off while she attemps gathers water from this slight lily pond. Too helpful, she, in fresh-faced govana (openess) dives in to get a piece that wisked in. He is her father, the house is huge stone with art house interiors or much ado about nothing and he knows nothing of it he just likes her. He wants to be a doctor apparently but he needs to know more about her interiors or what I call "charting" as in vagina (our thoughts demise) before advancing his cause my lectern. In the meantime, he will be called physician as studying those who run by and are not told. The man, the real Rupert Everett (yeah, we saw you at the bus stop up on Sunset with some girl - thanks), is dressing in black tuxedo a dinner suit and typing up invites or callings that he himself delivers to others. He is plagued in the huge house by a girl "se" say "c" (these may added by me) who is like an old woman and helps the governess as such get rid of people as she begs them off. Onward...and note I eventually killed "c" with a knife in her back for her troubles to me (note how I would cut hair in the back by grabbing and pulling at-with scissors for a 'hole' effect). She the Sean Young role is supposedly Richard II in makeup and Everett as me with-and Clay Callendar as who dressed like a woman to avoid scrutines. Ours? 1962? See on for no title. 3) Apple is AT&T and we regret to say we break of New Orleans to keep from being number one is not nice always ours to say. Get real. Jane Fonda was never wrong like that. Jimmy Carter was buried years ago, your are a fool still. My fool. A woman is the cheapest shit made and is still a bargain unheard. Never listen to that. A fool. You are with that only. A fucking fool. I'm here and still I hate things. Thanks Richard - spanish fly itself - for Karen Carey (of Lawrence NJ - Wall Street Journal is hers mostly I 'fucked' her boyfriend behind her back take that in our only fume..she like all women here are criminals and are with me...sicknesses murder they poked out eyes and shit a forgiven type...and faggot learns when I get bothered how it goes only...for you and me too) in your prince of parties video - she is not welcome ever but dated Chris my brother lately is adult and unhappy kinda and he and her broke up. Nice to see you Karen but this stuff is just like before - should I say again? Hi Rob ever. We are here. "Flight Of The Conchords" can be seen on HBO every Sunday at 10... Amyl-Nitrous Bleph Year 2008 Quadra-Fang Wasn't That Great The Eight And All Simple Numerologies Themes Of Fanklin And Ours Of Behence Neurodisorder, Post Carpus Rheem Click Here Outrage Hearsay Scince Prophylaxis You're the fool here always but inside delicious little untruths true barridge Seven-Up named when an average-thickness cock up in your ass seemed untrue was never a cola eye aburp you twice to relieve us both. 'There's not enough pain in the world to make me shit my pants in public like Elton John does onstage is simply not true. I want it still that's all - I want it like my mother wants Obama to be real in her pacant field of shit for dreams while I help President Hillary Clinton only and he will assist her with a firm lain insult after all factory skin is sanded off sancre to be hinde (I show him my chest hair that got claps - not tits - see Marc Ondy he does that well pumps his dick too he is mine only a faggot dies in heaven see you there dying to me like spanish lycra with the seventeen virgin silkscreens quaffing the air of your own silcid farts I keep them all in coffee cans and run them at you all at once after mad dogs I unleash rip your dumb ass to shreds with real teeth for seeking truth in my darkest hole you are a faggot dying to me only your love is my asshole validating your memory to my very shit pegs of hate and having hate form you you are a beggar only ask again). Both retard me what could it be? Hate isn't that organized and the complicit unspoken of non-losses prevail wish me a world - are you sure it wasn't something stupid after all? Something about you just being there in a quillade - may my unicef-claybol of harmonies that are basically never to have touch and just for feel like mucous never meets velour, like satin never gives off a sperm. Some say a guiltly pleasure, but for the last time that means naked pictures of you by the silently rotating heat-managed harms even in your wall-hung tv set making fake bluegoat zits on every fat ass 'you aren't so bad' if you get to see others living so cutboard and bare (how true if that's intelligence always yes no never no can I smell at your asshole first? Like the rickshaw scaffolds of ranning burns I hatched crudely with heart-boiling warts up in your ass no pvc or their handswipe of emolients were used this time actually just pinenuts and the gummed lips of the switzer 'fanned' carp (most of lower prussia, parts of indigo and franklin neshaminy scem for yourself), you had this removed but I put it back in others around you toughing, pulling night sleds of soap and hot blakelies of pant urine if the real dangler or haas-kin of bother is having to look and sometimes just to think of it a nascent (not sent, just coming into olfactory sense node or no movement or sound can you just 'seem' until pass or fail, fragment, dilettante, dismay or then detouche the actiual remain to be thrown like a third-gauge piano by riddler catapult back to harmonize with a hell of atatompe singers 'kill that now and again no tussle'). These are real but I can fix fast if need be to be need. Welcome 2009 as I cry baby 'you bitch! you fucking bitch!' and no I'm not you yet I'm serious here and never ploy people like sneaky faggots seeking love doad 'dead on arrival, dead' - we went the distance and I can't keep living the foam in you so say you mere peanuts. You don't hafta like anything selling that as another cheaply-made smart - trust that. A fucking outrage is only true once and to be...we don't let people see anything stupid dying of it like no one cared a joke. That's yours again to keep with every other junk made you.

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Trauma - Thoracic Trauma - JK Computer generated transcript The following transcript was generated automatically from the content and has not been checked or corrected manually. Okay, so eyes, apartments being respect for one. Okay, good. Okay, s. So, um, I'm gonna be talking to your old bite the assessment off. Be looking specifically for me. And, uh, killer diagnoses on during their primary survey. Nine. And they're called the Six Colors on on a Z go three. This presentation. We're gonna talk about the recognition off the injuries before any imaging really occurs on. Then we're going to go through the immediate steps that any it's take to treat them. So that's a nice we pneumonic them at, um, f c on. This is one that's taught widely and drama courses and clean a TLS s. So it stands for very obstruction. Attention. Pneumothorax, open pneumothorax. Massive hemothorax flail segment on cardiac Tampa night a. DeLee. You want to identify? Um, treat all these issues before going for a CT trauma Siris. But there will be some times when you may not know that there's, ah, attention you monitor extra on. You know, it may be developing by the time I actually get to the CT scanner, or the hemothorax is small and then becomes mouse of by the time of C tape. But those circumstances a rare usually if one of these color diagnoses we're gonna happen. They're gonna happen earlier, on on on the initial primary assessment. So in terms of airway obstruction or disruption, there's no Monica that is used called 12, and I try and remember whenever I'm doing on their way assessment for for trauma patients. So looking up, trick your position. Uh, so let's see if it's deviated to one side, then that's going to give you a clue to attention pneumothorax or human? Thanks. Uh, if there any obvious wooden's there, then you may need to address those immediately. If there's a wind that actually has penetrated into the trachea, then you may actually teo intravenous through that wind, depending on on how it looks. But if you've had a stop, my call from the paramedics that have identified this this potential, then you want anesthetics and easy consultants at the head of the bed. So when they arrive in, you can make that assessment those whether they get a standard integration or ah, modified intubation or even front of Mac access. Uh, no, I airway obstruction may not happen immediately if you've got something like an expanding hematoma from, say, carotid artery rupture, Then the airway could progressively become more disrupted over time. If that's the kiss, you have an expanding pulse, little hematoma off the neck. Then they need to be interviewed immediately to secure the airway before it becomes a knish. You as in the picture. If they've got loads of bruising around there, you're gonna need to worry about it. Vascular entry, possibly even a large E l a tricky all damage. If you press over the larynx and you get lots of crepitus, then you may have a large enough fracture on a snail. It's sad when you're better on your C spine color. If you've got loads of distended neck veins that may give you on Dication is too, Um, you know, attention, you move the answer cardiac tamponade, and then the is do this every time. Other indications that there might be a way issues you've got paradoxical movement of the chest and abdomen whenever they're inspiring, or if there's a silent chest that will give you an indication. A swell. As the office stranger night the management wants you don't fade that there's an issue. Get oxygen on every single trauma patient. Um, Andi, start with your simple airway maneuvers. I If it's drama scenario, we're not going to do your head tilt chin left. So start off with John Thrust on airway suction to get any blood vomit secretions under there. If there's any solid material, then used some Miguel's forceps under direct vision to remove those and those pieces. If you need to step it up usually or referring Deal Airways or largely old mask airways of waiting that there's a friend deals on, uh, them. If the decision is that they need to be interviewed ID, you're gonna do it with your manual and nine stabilization by the most senior operator, which would most likely be on statics with a D is, uh, back up. Um, if everything goes to part, you may have to do the front of neck access. So planning nights, your airway, uh, plans Early on, If you've already escalated beyond Plan B, I would say Ask for crack a thorough doctor, make it to be at the bedside so that if he ever get into plant dear, he it's already there and available. So with attention, um, authorities, on the recognition of them can be difficult on by myself of missed one but very rare kiss on patients will often present with hypoxia. First, there's a lot of thinking that tension, um, authorities, The way they kill you is by kinking the great vessels and pinion teo shock from that point of view, but they quite often or hypoxic first on. Then they become tacking. I pretence it with the with the obstructive shock. If you're treating your shock with fluids, blood and they're not responding like they should do a consider that they have attention your mouth or ex distended neck veins. I don't think I've ever seen it with attention, but if it's there and you've seen on your airway assessment, keep it in mind. If they're hyper resident to percussion on on one side with decreased breath sides Hyperinflated on did consider that they have attention. You move in the setting off hypoxia on a shock. Um, don't rely on tricky deviation because it's very low and sign on. Most likely, you'll have everything else preceding it. So don't go look in front first, uh, night for the management. It's an immediate finger thoracotomy or needle decompression. Most trauma courses will advise finger thoracostomy first. Uh, nice. If you're not comfortable doing that, you can use middle. The compression a TLS does advised night that you did in the triangle of safety. So that's in the medics Ilary line on fifth intercostal space or fourth on The reason I preferred in a finger third cost me is because you've already then partially done the chest re in. But if you've got someone who is a boksic on day shark on, do you think it's attention you can do your finger thorough? Cost me to relieve the pressure and now you've transformed attention pneumothorax into Justin open pneumothorax on you. Don't then immediately have to place the dream because you've you've essentially treated the immediate life threatening injury. If there's another, then you can go and treat that come back and place the dream. When you have time some there's, ah, open, um, threats. His next dose, you may hear called a sucking chest wind. Uh, it's important when, um, anyone has any injuries to the back. You need the logroll them check out the chest because someone has been stabbed in the back on. You don't log rhythms. You won't find that that pneumothorax for a while. No, I have got a video here. Awfully demonstrations. Why, um, authorities on open your mouth Or is he's calls her spirit compromise. I kill people so pneumothorax. So as you can see here we have our lung in the bottle here. And so we know that when we are ventilating, inhaling, exhaling were manipulating the Has there been able to see the video of the moment? No. Let me see if I can, uh, share Teo the video. You will see that. Okay, open pneumothorax. So as you can see here, we have our lung in the bottle here. And so we know that when we are ventilating, inhaler and exhaling were manipulating the four AKs pressure the pleural space pressures and creating negative pressure to inhale and exhale. As you can see. Inhale, exhale, inhale, exhale. But if we have an open for it. So I just created a little hole here that could manipulating are open pneumothorax and open pneumothorax. And so look what happens when I try and deflate. Try inflate that blue. I can't create any negative pressure in the pleural space. If I can't create any negative pressure in the post space, then I'm not able to inflate this month appropriately. That's going to be a big problem. So that's why we want to try and seal it and make sure that we can create negative pressure in order to inflate that lump again. That's how and open your motor Actually a real big problem for not intervening. Okay, so back to the talk about pelvic fractures, the hell they can occur in rare inclusion. He's actually, if you're not wearing a seatbelt now we know what seatbelts. Sorry about that, right still after the presentation. So hopefully that is an indication is the white open Your new math or C's are so dangerous If the if the size of the hole is greater than two thirds the diameter off have the trachea than a rubber preference preferentially move through the chest wind rather than the trachea, so you don't have to have a wind that big. Maybe, you know, 23 centimeters before you will stop them bleeding through your airway on trying ventilated through that, that wouldn't on. So, uh, the management then try is a three sided occlusive dressing, and I lot of companies have, you know, branded occlusive dressing's I ever. If you don't have something like that, you can literally tip dine. Any can addressing across the wind, long as it's got three sides included on one side open. What that does is essentially create a one way valve where, when they and he'll the wind slam shut when they exhale, then their chest will push it. I threw the dressy on, then that will essentially reinflate their their lung on. Then when they're stabilized, then you can move on to have a formal chest re in night. That can go three different rib space. It cannot go through the wind itself, and you'll need to do a formal exploration off the wind before closure. The reason You don't get your chest or in through that window because, let's face it, it would be very handy because you've already got your tract. But there will be lots of dirt. It's a completely septic wind on if you stick a chest xray in through there, you're going to introduce infection into the little cavity. Um, okay, so with massive actually hemothorax, uh, this may not be a parent right quickly on your primary survey. But just like with the tension pneumothorax, you're gonna have decreased movement on that side. It may be hyperinflated be gonna have decreased signs. But this is where instead of the tension, you're more threats. We have high for residents to percussion. It's gonna be able residence. So in your tap on it, it's gonna sign dull. A massive in thorax is defined as blood loss more than 1500 mils at one single time point or more than 200 mils per our for two hours Night event If you know off Scot Langhart is a critical care am doc in America. His definition off massive hemothorax is whatever my blood that scares you. And I think that's ah more appropriate definition I if you have him a frax on one side and you place a tree and and it's just holding blood, I don't really need you to kind of the 1500 mils if its hose and blood on their unstable Yeah, get the master Transfusion protocol and kept blood back into them. Nine. If you do a soup plain chest, actually, then you may not actually see any blood whatsoever, because all pools behind the lung and spread right. So mass. It's a lot of blood. You're not going to get that white on. You need to 150 mills of blood before it'll actually be visible on interact chest X ray. So this is the sort of presentation where you might pick it up on your CT scanning. If you're doing a fast scan withdrawn designed, then you're more likely to pick up that there's a confusion. How are him thorax on one or both sides. It won't tell you how much fluid is there, but at least you'll you'll be aware of it. Treatment for, uh which again? Chest trim on I get blood into, um, really? Because if they're gonna be hemorrhaging 100 mils and are for a couple of bars or the dry and later and a half, you don't need a lot of packed red cells toe. Get the shackle it in volume back up night. There's always a worry about drinking too much blood quickly on what effect it'll have in the human dynamics. But every dream a blood right on you re expand the lung. You may actually tamponade any bleeding vessels so it might slow the rid of bleeding, but it's it's fine balance. The definitive treatment would be a thoracotomy. I if they go into a cardiac arrest, then they may need a CT resuscitated thoracotomy on. But we'll talk about that on board of subsequent venues I delayed their stabilize on Once have been through the CT scanner. You may see where the bleeding pointers much kiss called and sand to the royal on cardio thoracic six could be notified on. Don't take a patient from for a media thoracotomy, I feel segments. These are sometimes tricky to pick up clinically there to find his fractures off. Two or more contiguous ribs, up two locations, almost ribs. So, for example, and fractures on ribs six ounce, seven on the left hand side with fractures anteriorly on posteriorly. So you get this segment of chest, which has paradoxical movement when you're breathing. In a caveat to that is that only works if they're breathing spontaneously. If you've interviewed them, you'll have them on positive pressure ventilation on. So that will correct the paradoxical movement so you won't know about it. I ever They will quite often be picked up on CT scanning if they've got a lot of bruising over the chest wall and you pop yet over those bones and you feel burning crepitus the not usually a good indication that there's a fracture there. I'm going to show you another video off a flail segment on this is quite obvious. Okay, so maybe just time change it over. You said they're okay. So So you can see by dramatically there that there's a feel segment. There's a defined portion off that chest wall, which is completely sucking in. Um, so I don't think anyone would be able Teo mistake that, uh, close that dying okay, as so with feel segments depends on the size on high compromised respect. Realize they are at the most important thing is analgesia. Lots of it. A nice and early on. A lot of our trauma patients will be getting morphine straight off the bat. Sometimes make academy with feel safe in specifically, it's good to give them a regional anesthesia so you can have a chat with anesthetics if they haven't already been at The bedside is part of the tropical. They can do all sorts of regional on the CT anesthesia Introvert abril, paraspinal Erector speak and I Stratus Interior would be one of the best ones for this on. Essentially, that will take away the peon, unlike them to breathe deeper on M pre the ventilation. Sometimes the may need live again. It helps to reduce the paradoxical movement off the chest wall. I've never seen it personally being used for a field segment, but it's possible. One of the key things is that you need to keep a close eye on them over several ours because, as as the peon builds up on, they start to tire. They won't breathe deeply on then on. That actually can go into your respiratory failure on the main it in together at that time on. So you want to know early if they're gonna feel get that trip and almost prophylactically, so keeping them in resource, you know, for several hours after the initial primary survey just for ventilatory observation is warranted on. They will need sounds, the respiratory it, but but checking the Risperdal effort on That's where you need someone actually be looking at their chest and looking at how the patient is doing not just recording numbers and on having an art lane and place would be very beneficial for these sorts of patients because you're gonna wanna check serial a beegees on a BG may tell you I had a time that they're tiring before clinically it becomes apparent on that's when you can get anesthetics involved. Planet, um, elective interview tree. And so some of them. Um, so this is for anyone who has handed with an option probe. You tend to get a cardiac tamponade more with penetrating traumas rather than blunt on. It doesn't take that much blood before you actually get tablet 75 mills is enough to do it. It doesn't cause is obstructive shock on the classic description is backs. Try at That's distended Anacins. Um uh, inaudible or difficult to hear heart sounds, muffled heart signs And on, uh, yeah, from hypertension night. With the advent of ultrasound, you can actually pick the diagnosis up a lot sooner. But the time they get distended acciones muffled heart signs, which are you going to hear in a trauma setting and resource before shock set? It's difficult, But if you get the scanner on on, you say you something, just think. And these videos big pocket of blood around the heart. Then you know what what the diagnosis is. And sometimes they have pulses, paradoxus, electrical, our ultimate off turn ons on all these sort of things. But, um, again, unreliable signs. So because tension, um thanks also presents with obstructive shock to stand in activations, it could be difficult to distinguish. It's not the top of everything differential less when ever have chest trauma. So, uh, I would I would advocate personally that you got a trauma in with chest pain. Gets under through on echo probe on heart and see if they're screwed. I management fluids. Teo, keep They're circulating. Volume is as good as possible. Try and get the radio trim. And the right ventricles full of fluid is possible. So you can actually get some cardiac. I put eggs. That's what the problem is. They're right. Intria on ventricle has been squashed closed, so can't fell with fluids. Thean ish ulcer able izing treatment is a pericardiocentesis. No, If you don't have ah, a specific pericardiocentesis kit, then don't worry. A Central Inc it will do. All you really need is a long cannula on a long needle on a lot of guts on day. That'll that'll do the job for you. Ideally, it should be under ultrasound guidance. But it doesn't have to be, have you? If you have to do a blind, then you go Just lose a few sternum just to the left him in the temperature needle towards the tip off the patient scapula. And as soon as you have blood aspirin on. Usually it's a very rapid recovery. Um, because if only 75 mills is needed to cause tamponade, if you take 20 mils at it, that you should see an immediate improvement and BP on the heart rate night defendant treatment is part peri cardio me on. Or if they go into, um, a rest authority got me on again. New will cover that. This is talk later on. So does anyone have any questions about any of the sex killers? Move, Doctor. Right. So far. Especially. All right, sure. So

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Below are upcoming online events. Be sure to click on the source link for exact details, time zones, and ticket prices. 23 July 7:30 PM EDT Composers in the Romantic era were often inspired by the works of Ludwig van Beethoven. Some even felt like he was too tough an act to follow: Brahms began writing string sextets in part because he felt too intimidated to write more quartets after Beethoven! These pieces all feature their own tip-of-the-hat to the great Ludwig Van. Mayumi Seiler, violin Jonathan Crow, violin Juan-Miguel Hernandez, viola Rémi Pelletier, viola Rachel Mercer, cello Adrian Fung, cello Philip Chiu, piano Asitha Tennekoon, tenor Neil Deland, horn Michael McMahon, piano Louise Farrenc – Souvenir des Huguenots, Op. 19 Richard Wagner – Albumblatt for cello and piano, WWV 94 “Romance” (arr. David Popper) Franz Schubert – Auf dem Strom, D 943 Johannes Brahms – String Sextet No. 2 in G Major, Op. 36 The link to the video will be posted here at 10 AM EDT on the concert day. 23 July 9 PM EDT From Adams To Zappa: Music of Today The Madison New Music Ensemble presents a virtual video concert featuring an exciting variety of compositions that exemplifies the imagination and brilliance of today’s contemporary music. From mixed instrumental quartets to solo piano, and to the full seven-piece ensemble, the MNME will play works by the iconoclastic musician, Frank Zappa, (Peaches en Regalia), the most popular American composer John Adams (China Gates), and up-and-coming composer Kirstin Volness (little tiny stone, full of blue fire). Joseph Koykkar, founder and artistic director of the MNME, will be represented by his driving, rhythmic composition For Mallets and Strings. New music cellist, Craig Hultgren, whose national reputation as an exponent of new works written for both acoustic and electric cello, will be featured performing two dynamic compositions for electric cello and electronics including Lacrimosa MMXVIII by Joseph Koykkar and Snakeskin (Verso) by Holland Hopson. Introductory comments on each of the works by members of the ensemble will be interspersed during the program. 24 July 8 PM EDT EXTENSITY Concert Series – Thomas Mesa, cello Live from Uncommonly Studio Immersive 360° VR and HD Performance Cellist Thomas Mesa presents an emotional and timely recital celebrating an emergence from despair to joy. The program opens with Andrea Casarrubios’ SEVEN (2020), commissioned by Mesa and written as tribute to the essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Elizabeth Start’s Echoes in Life (2015), a ruminative exploration of bi-culturality which combines Native American influenced melodic elements with Western musical developments. The program concludes with Lydia Jane Pugh’s jubilant Caroline’s Jig (2015), and Beethoven’s transformative Sonata No. 3 in A major, Op. 69. This concert is part of Analogs, EXTENSITY’s inaugural season. Analogs explores unexpected intersections between Western classical music and underrepresented, overlooked and new voices. EXTENSITY,founded by pianists Francesca Khalifa and Chelsea Randall, presents innovative programming by emerging and established artists working across a range of disciplines including music, fine art and multimedia. EXTENSITY also aims to create frameworks for artists and audiences to interact, share ideas, and make new discoveries…. SEVEN for solo cello -Lydia Jane Pugh Echoes in Life Sonata No. 3 in A major, Op. 6 Virtual tickets are pay-what-you-can, ranging from $15 and up. Register by July 19 with some levels to receive a free basic VR headset. Online Programs and Events Ends 7 August (check countdown timer on the website for exact timing!) Global Cello Project #15: Pirates of the Caribbean Medley Have you been following the wonderful work of Tony Rogers and his Covid Cello Project? The name has changed, but the fun continues. Cellists interested in participating, be sure to see the new information on the site—non-cellists who are interested click here to see how you can donate or support the project. Ends 15 August 11:59 PM EDT Contest: Compose the Memorable Musical Fragment in The Cellist’s Notebook The contest is to see who can compose the most fitting musical fragment of Leni’s cello and piano piece that Emily discovers in the notebook. Kittie Lambton describes the work as: “the little melody that triggers memory and is so very important in my book. This need not be a long-winded music composition but just a fragment. Just enough to be timeless and generational.” How to Enter the Contest - Create a new, original work. - The entry may be a fragment or an entire piece to fit the above description and the story in The Cellist’s Notebook. - Instrumentation: cello and piano. - Send a PDF score and MP3 recording. The recording can be digital or played on cello and piano. - Submissions will be accepted from the next book club meeting (18 July 2021) through 11:59 PM, New York time, 15 August 2021. - Send your PDF and MP3 files to us at curator(at)cellomuseum.org - The winner will receive a signed copy of The Cellist’s Notebook and a Cello Museum mug. - Two runners-up will each win a Cello Museum cello sticker. - The Cello Museum and Kittie Lambton will share the winning pieces on their websites, social media, and emails. Judging of Contest Entries After the contest deadline, three judges, including author Kittie Lambton and two members of The Cello Museum team, will vote to determine the winners. The Cello Museum will then contact the winners to send out prizes. By entering the competition, you give The Cello Museum and Kittie Lambton permission to publicize your piece. All entries must be received by 11:59 PM (New York time) on 15 August 2021. 5 June – 1 August The 3rd WALTHAM FOREST CELLO FEST 2021 The CELLO ACADEMY – Online Summer Cello Master Classes via Zoom / Skype: 26 July – 1 August Individual Online Cello Lessons will take place daily from Monday 26th July till Sunday 1st August 2021 @ ca 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (ca 55 minutes slots), online via Zoom or Skype. - FRANTIŠEK BRIKCIUS – CELLO, CHAMBER MUSIC - ANNA BRIKCIUSOVÁ – CELLO - Book your One-to-One Cello Online Summer Course now (limited number of accepted students). It includes FINAL online performance meeting. - All ages (4-99), levels (Initial Grade, Grades 1-8), and abilities (beginner, student, advanced) are welcome! For more details, follow #WFCF21 @WalthamForestCelloFest, book your course here. 14, 21, 28 July 3 PM PDT Music Theory for Cellists! Come learn the basics! This is theory that centers on what you need to know to make your cello playing better through musical knowledge…starting with how to build a major scale and a major arpeggio…into moving through different keys and key signatures…into basic rhythms and how to practice them. Your cello playing will be better when you have finished this really cool Zoom class, guaranteed. July 14, 21 and 28. Wednesdays @3pm PDT. 50 minutes. The class is $147. Register here. Bach Cello Suites Workshop: A Unique Immersion for the Passionate Adult Amateur Cellist The era of the pandemic has taught us to be flexible! In 2021, we are offering two separate tracks for participants in our online Workshop. Full Registration: Cellists enrolling as full participants will be among a close coterie of like-minded adults who will share interactive lessons with four master cellists, presentations, lectures, masterclasses as well as online social activities and a closing concert. The sessions will be recorded and will be available for re-viewing for 30 days following the Workshop. Registration includes a 2021 Workshop T-shirt. Auditing: Auditors will be able view the sessions in real time and will be able to view recordings for 30 days following the Workshop. No interaction with the faculty or other cellists will be available. Why study J.S. Bach’s six cello suites? The Six Suites for Unaccompmanied Cello are the quintessential works for the instrument. Bach Cello Suites Workshop offers you, the passionate adult amateur cellist, a unique opportunity to delve deeply into this iconic music. Workshop participants will work closely with Artistic Director Matt Haimovitz and the Workshop’s faculty of exceptional teaching cellists Phoebe Carrai, Elinor Frey and Jennifer Morsches. You will enjoy (virtually) the company of like-minded musicians all drawn together by a deep mutual love of Bach and the cello. The Workshop is an exceptional opportunity to enhance your musicianship and deepen your understanding and appreciation of the Bach Cello Suites. Registration is $900 for full participants and $200 to audit. Tickets for the closing concert are available separately. 26 July 10 AM Keshet Eilon International String Masterclass With Cellist Hillel Zori 29 July 2 PM CDT Edward Arron Master Class Guarneri Hall NFP will host a virtual master class with acclaimed cellist Edward Arron for students of the Fulton Summer Music Academy. The class will be open to observers free of charge via Zoom but RSVP is required. Once registered, log in at this link to view the masterclass. Virtual Cello Academy Session II: Intermediate/Early Advanced registration is now open. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to study with world class faculty from the comfort of your home August 2-6, 2021! Early registration deadline is June 15th. VCA Intermediate Director Avi Friedlander will be joined on the faculty by Zachary Sweet, Melissa Solomon, Alex Croxton & Rick Mooney, for VCA Session II: Intermediate/Early Advanced. Don’t miss out on a great week of all things cello for students in Suzuki Book 4-10 or equivalent. 16-20 August and 23-27 August Midcoast Maine Adult Amateur Cello Workshop Come develop your playing! Learn in a supportive friendly atmosphere25 years ago cellist Peter Lewy started the Cello Workshop at The SummerKeys Music Festival dedicated to helping amateur adult cello players improve their skills. It has expanded enormously and met every year until Covid. The festival is not going to resume this year so he is going to do two 1 week sessions in the Midcoast region of Maine as he did last year.The workshop offers five private lessons, use of private practice studio two hours daily, daily group classes, ensemble work, 2 “master class” style instruction classes, and an end-of-week performance opportunity. An accompanist is available. an intensive practice/study vacation for busy adults in a breathtakingly beautiful setting.There is no audition and no minimum skill level, the premise is: “Come as you are to enjoy the study” Absolute beginners to professionals are welcome. We all learn from each other! 19-23 January (29 November application deadline) International Instrument-making Competition (Cello) Musée de la musique/Philharmonie de Paris and Talents & Violon’celles From 19 to 23 January 2022 at the Philharmonie de Paris In January 2022, in partnership with the association Talents & Violon’celles, the Musée de la musique/ Philharmonie de Paris is organising an international instrument-making competition exclusively dedicated to the cello. Programmed at the same time as the 10th String Quartet Biennial, this event follows in the tradition of the many international instrument-making competitions that Paris has hosted. Promoting contemporary excellence and developing future talents Open to professionals as well as to students of instrument-making schools, the Talent Makers Instrument-making Competition is composed of two different parts organised in parallel: Jury and Prizes A jury composed of eminent musicians and personalities from the world of instrument-making will judge the craftsmanship of the participants as expressed by the instruments themselves and how they sound. Six prizes will be awarded to professionals, and three prizes will be awarded to students with one instrument joining the collection of facsimiles at the Musée de la musique. The finals and semi-finals will be organised as a real rendezvous with the public of the 10th String Quartet Biennial. Opening date for submissions: now opened Closing date for submissions: Monday 29 November 2021 Competition rules and Submission of applications avalable soon For more information, click here. Face-to-face and videoconference classes: Approach to Latin American popular music with the cello Harmony, Cipher, Chords, Arpeggios, Scales and Fingering Patterns Rhythmic Harmonic Base (+54 9 11) 5150-3805 Cello Yoga with Mea the Creative Cellist Journaling With Cello For Grounding & Positivity Welcome to this 8-day course on Insight Timer, which focuses on journaling with cello for grounding and positivity. Over the course of seven days, The Wong Janice will take you through seven different themes, each with its own unique writing prompts and with the beautiful sounds of deep cello music, designed to inspire you to write freely with full awareness from your heart while harnessing the power of journaling for healing. The themes covered are: By the end of the course, you will have covered seven journaling exercises, and with daily practice, learn to express yourself better and understand who you are at a higher level, bringing more stability in your life, and feeling more grounded and calm from within. For more information on this and other courses by The Wong Janice, click here. Trad Cello – Tunes and Techniques with Natalie Haas Let Natalie Haas teach you some tricks of the trade as well as some great melodies! Natalie is one of the most sought after cellists playing traditional music today. She and Scottish fiddler Alasdair Fraser have toured as a duo for twenty years, wowing audiences at festivals and concerts worldwide with their unique sound. In this series she will teach some bowing techniques when accompanying melody players before moving on to chords and arranging, finishing with some melodies that sit well on the cello. Although this series is aimed at the cellist, many of the skills and techniques will sit as comfortably on any string instrument. Click here to learn about membership options. Win a Year of Free Lessons! Enter a drawing for a year of free lessons via video exchange with cellist Mike Block. Click here to enter. Previous Concerts Still Available Available through Friday 30 July 2021 (from 7 May 7:30 PM BST) Royal Scottish National Orchestra Chamber Concert – Cello Jewels, Aleksei Kiseliov, Cello, and Alasdair Beatson, Piano Beethoven Variations in F major on ‘Ein Mädchen oder Weibchen’ for Cello and Piano Beethoven Cello Sonata No5 R Strauss Cello Sonata Dvořák Silent Woods for Cello and Piano Each player in the RSNO is a star in their own right – and when you get them on their own, they’ve got some great stories to tell! For the RSNO’s Principal Cello Aleksei Kiseliov, that means teaming up with pianist Alasdair Beatson in the ebullient Cello Sonata by the youthful Richard Strauss. Add Beethoven at his most exuberant, plus a moment of sheer magic from the Czech forests, and you’ve got a concert that’s small in scale but huge in personality. This performance was recorded by BBC Radio 3. Household ticket: $21. Price excludes VAT (added at the point of purchase). Available through 31 October 2021 DWB (Driving While Black) Dwb is the premiere filmed version of the opera by the same name Susan Kander and Roberta Gumbel. Presented by UrbanArias, now celebrating its 10th anniversary. UrbanArias is an opera company dedicated to producing short – 90 minutes or less – contemporary operas. A solo chamber opera, dwb derives much of its power from the voice of soprano Karen Slack, starring as the various mothers. Slack, who has sung with the Metropolitan Opera and Washington National Opera, among other prestigious opera houses, moves easily from lyric to dramatic sounds and offers theatrical skills to boot. A two-musician ensemble – composed of cellist Rosanna Butterfield and percussionist Eric Plewinski – is conducted by Robert Wood. Known as an innovator in opera, Wood founded UrbanArias in 2009. Du’Bois A’keen directed and choreographed the film; Camry A’Keen was the creative director. Both have drawn on their extensive operatic, choreographic, and film backgrounds to bring elements of modern dance and music video production. Tickets are $15 and allow unlimited viewing through October 31. Let us know about your favorite online events and concerts in the comments below. Have an event or concert you’d like listed? Please get in touch.

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The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) is a school-wide, comprehensive framework focused on systemic change to create a safe and positive school climate. The goals of the OBPP are to: - reduce existing bullying problems among students - prevent new bullying problems - achieve better peer relations These goals are pursued by restructuring the school environment to reduce opportunities and rewards for bullying, encouraging pro-social behaviors, and building a sense of community. The OBPP is designed for students in elementary, middle, and high schools and involves all staff, students, parents, and the community in bullying prevention efforts. All students participate in most aspects of the program, while students who bully others and students who are bullied receive additional individualized interventions. "Blueprints Certified: Meeting the highest standards of evidence through independent review by the nation's top scientists." The OBPP is backed by over 30 years of research and is listed on Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development Registry of Evidence-based Positive Youth Development Programs https://www.blueprintsprograms.org/programs/11999999/olweus-bullying-prevention-program. OBPP is used at the school, classroom, individual, and community levels and includes tools to reach out to parents for involvement and support. The OBPP addresses the problem of bullying at multiple levels. - Establish a Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee (BPCC) - Conduct committee and staff trainings - Administer the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (OBQ) - Hold staff discussion groups - Introduce the school rules against bullying - Refine the school’s supervisory system - Hold a school kick-off event - Involve parents - Post and enforce school-wide rules against bullying - Hold regular class meetings - Hold meetings with students’ parents - Supervise students’ activities - Ensure that all staff intervene on-the-spot when bullying occurs - Hold meetings with students involved in bullying - Hold meetings with families of involved students - Develop individual intervention plans for involved students - Involve community members on the BPCC - Develop partnerships to support your program - Help spread anti-bullying messages and best practice throughout the community Evidence-based bullying prevention programs are a wise investment. A cost benefit analysis of the OBPP implementation found that a district can recover more than the cost of OBPP implementation if they prevent just two students from transferring to an alternative setting due to school bullying. The start-up costs for the OBPP are one-time expenses that occur only in year one of implementation. Ongoing implementation results in lower costs in subsequent years when it is important to budget for ongoing training and other activities that will keep your staff’s commitment to the program running high. Readiness Assessment (download) Successful implementation of the program begins with training and consultation. - A certified OBPP Trainer-Consultant or trained Olweus Coach conducts training for members of the school's Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee - Ongoing telephone consultation for at least one full school year (18-24 months preferred) with a Certified OBPP Trainer-Consultant or trained Olweus Coach. There are two options when considering OBPP training for your school and/or district. - Find a Certified Trainer-Consultant. - Have someone from your school or district attend the Olweus Coach Training. The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation is the leading publisher of evidence-based prevention programs and the exclusive publisher of the OBPP. Visit Violence Prevention Works! for information about program materials. What is the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP)? The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is a whole school program that has been proven to prevent or reduce bullying throughout a school setting. The OBPP is based on four basic principles, derived from research on reducing aggressive behavior. Adults in school need to: - Show warmth, positive interest, and involvement. - Set firm limits for unacceptable behavior. - Consistently use supportive, predictable consequences when unacceptable behavior occurs. - Act as authorities and positive role models. These principles have been translated to a number of strategies that are implemented at the schoolwide, classroom, individual, and community levels and includes tools to reach out to parents for involvement and support. What are the goals of the OBPP? • To reduce existing bullying problems among students. • To prevent the development of new bullying problems. • To achieve better peer relations at school. These goals are pursued by restructuring the school environment to reduce opportunities and rewards for bullying, encouraging pro-social behaviors, and building a sense of community. What grade levels is the OBPP designed for? The OBPP is designed for students in elementary, middle, and high schools (students ages five to eighteen years old). All students participate in the universal aspects of the program, while students identified as bullying others, or as students being bullied, receive additional individualized interventions. Is the OBPP an evidence-based program? Yes, the OBPP is an evidence-based program. It is listed as a Promising Program on the Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development Registry of Evidence-based Positive Youth Development Programs. The OBPP is backed by over 35 years of research and incorporates what researchers and practitioners have identified as best practices in bullying prevention. Learn more about Why the OBPP Works. Has the OBPP been proven to be effective? OBPP has over 40 years of research and successful implementation all over the world. Seven large-scale evaluations of the OBPP have been carried out in Norway with very positive effects. Studies of the OBPP in the U.S. have also produced encouraging results. In a recent evaluation of a large scale implementation of the OBPP in the U.S. there were significant decreases in being bullied and in bullying others over three years. Other program effects were also documented: There were increases in students’ expressions of empathy with bullied peers, decreases in students’ willingness to join in bullying, and increases in perceptions that their primary teacher had addressed bullying at the school. Overall, the program effects were stronger the longer the program had been in place. In May 2016, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released a new report, Preventing Bullying through Science, Policy, and Practice. The report emphasizes that “the most likely effective bullying prevention programs are whole school, multicomponent programs that combine elements of universal and targeted strategies.” They also noted that the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is “the most extensively studied bullying prevention program” of this type. In a meta-analyses that is widely recognized as the most comprehensive and rigorous meta-analyses on bullying prevention programs, Ttofi & Farrington found that whole-school programs can be successful in reducing bullying but there are great variations in the effects of different programs. Researchers concluded that that programs “inspired by the work of Dan Olweus worked best” (Ttofi et al., 2008, p. 69) and that future efforts should be “grounded in the successful Olweus programme” (p.72). Is the OBPP effective at the high school level? Yes, the OBPP is designed for students in elementary, middle, and high school and research has been conducted at all levels. A U.S. study of a large-scale implementation of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program with children and youth in grades 3-11 showed decreases in being bullied and bullying others observed for boys and girls in grades 9-11. Program effects generally took somewhat longer to appear for older students. How do I request permission to use the OBQ data for research purposes? Complete the Request to Use OBQ data for Research Purposes and submit by email to Jan Urbanski who will process your request. Once your request has been reviewed and approved, Hazelden Publishing will email the “Sample OBQ data” to the contact person listed on the request. How does my school begin implementing the OBPP? Implementation of the program begins with a certified OBPP Trainer-Consultant or a trained Olweus Coach conducting a 12-hour training for a Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee at the school. This is followed by ongoing consultation to provide assistance in the implementation of program elements, with particular attention to trouble-shooting challenges that may arise, and helping to maintain the program over time. Training and consultation services include: - A 12-hour training offered to members of a school's Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee (BPCC). Trainings are conducted by OBPP Certified Trainers-Consultants or trained Olweus Coaches. - Ongoing consultation for at least one full school year (18-24 months preferred) with an OBPP Certified Trainer-Consultant or Olweus Coach. School personnel may either locate an existing OBPP Certified Trainer-Consultant or have school personnel attend an Olweus Coach Training. What if we have more than one school to train? Often if you have three or more schools that will be implementing the OBPP, it is more cost efficient to have someone from the district attend an Olweus Coach Training. This will allow for multiple schools to be trained and promotes sustainability with ongoing in-house support throughout program implementation. Large districts may want to consider an OBPP Integrated Model that includes training, program materials, and project management. Email Jan Urbanski to learn more about the Integrated Model or for help deciding what training option is best for your school. How can I find a local certified trainer? Click here to find a listing of OBPP Certified Trainers-Consultants. Trainers-Consultants are listed in the state or country where they reside. How much does it cost to implement the OBPP? The main categories of cost are the initial training, consultation, and program materials. Trainer-Consultant rates will vary but cannot be more than $3,000 for a 2 day committee training plus up to $125/hour/school for the consultation that follows. It may be more cost effective to have someone from your school district attend an Olweus Coach Training that includes a specialized digital subscription for a school. The program material costs listed below are standard costs for print materials. Bulk discounts are available as well as electronic formats. Contact Hazelden Publishing for information on electronic options and exact price quotes. 1-800-328-9000. Required Program Materials: - Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (OBQ) - Each student grades 3-12. $43.95 for 30 scannable surveys with scanning service. - OBPP Schoolwide Guide - For Bullying Prevention Coordinating Committee members. $98.95 - OBPP Teacher Guide - For classroom teachers and identified staff members. $62.95 Optional Program Materials: - Class Meetings that Matter: A Year's Worth of Class Meeting Ideas for Grades K-5, Grades 6-8, and Grades 9-12. $86.95 - More Class Meetings that Matter for Grades K-5, Grades 6-8, and Grades 9-12. $62.95 - Class Meeting and Individual Intervention for elementary, middle, and high school. This video is used for BPCC, staff and parent training. $214.95. - Bullying for Grades K-5 and Grades 6-8. A general video that introduces key concepts to students, teachers and parents. (Good for parent groups, class meetings, teacher discussion groups.) $119.00 - Cyberbullying Curriculum for Grades 3-5 and Grades 6-12. $119.00 Are there ongoing costs to keep the OBPP in place? The start-up costs for the OBPP program including training and program materials are one-time expenses that occur only in the first year of implementation. All required materials are purchased the first year. Some schools purchase optional recommended program materials the second year of implementation, others purchase all materials during year one. Ongoing implementation results in lower costs in subsequent years and will vary depending on whether a school has purchased printed program materials or an electronic subscription. Ongoing costs may include the recommended annual survey of students using the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire (OBQ) and renewal of the electronic subscription for program materials every 3 years (includes the OBQ). Sustainability costs may involve training each year for new school administrators, educators, staff, and parents if conducted by someone outside the district. How do I get a price quote on materials for my school(s)? The Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation is the leading publisher of evidence-based prevention programs and the exclusive publisher of the OBPP. Descriptions and pricing for implementation resources, the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire, classroom curriculum, and supplemental resources can be found on their website. For package options and pricing, contact your regional Hazelden sales representative or call (800) 328-9000. Are there grants or other suggested funding sources for OBPP training and implementation? Grants, whether federal, state, local, or from the foundation community can be used for training and implementation of the OBPP. Resources to assist with grant funding include the Hazelden Publishing website, a Funding Backpack listing possible funding sources and A Funding Toolkit to help develop grant proposals. Is the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program a Social-Emotional Learning Program? Although the OBPP is not necessarily thought of as a social-emotional learning (SEL) program, when looking at evidenced based bullying prevention and key features of effective SEL programs, you see many commonalities. Bullying prevention and SEL impact each other and both are key components for effective schoolwide universal prevention and intervention programs. SEL plays an important role within bullying prevention efforts, and within SEL instruction, an intentional focus on bullying prevention is critical for student well-being. Bullying must be intentionally addressed as part of a school’s universal prevention program. If you implement a comprehensive bullying prevention program like the OBPP, SEL is addressed. However, simply implementing an SEL program does not intentionally address bullying, its prevalence, or the impact it has on youth. An evidence-based bullying prevention program also teaches how to appropriately intervene in a bullying situation, something not addressed in an SEL program. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program provides a framework for an effective, comprehensive approach to SEL: - Creating a supportive learning environment - Promoting positive interactions among and between adults and peers - Focus on restructuring the school environment to reduce opportunities and rewards for bullying and on building a sense of community. - Class meetings to specifically provide SEL instruction View the Olweus Bullying Prevention and Social Emotional Learning crosswalk to learn more. My school uses Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). Is it possible to implement both OBPP and PBIS in a school? Yes! Both the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) can be part of a school’s overall prevention plan to address multiple student concerns. Both are evidence-based and provide a framework for organizing efforts to improve school climate. They have many similar foundational principles: - The main responsibility for each program rests with adults. - Clear and consistent messages should be present throughout the school. - There is a focus on both short-term and long-term goals. - Both are designed to become an everyday part of life at school. - Students need to be taught about expected positive behaviors. - Implementation is informed by data. Through purposeful planning and consideration of commonalities, aligning and implementing both OBPP and PBIS can be done while maintaining fidelity to both models. OBPP and PBIS are common schoolwide frameworks, but they offer different benefits to schools. The overall goal of PBIS is to create a positive learning environment where all students are successful. However, research has found that bullying problems in school cannot simply be addressed by working to create a positive school climate (Spriggs, et al., 2007; Bradshaw et al. 2003; OJJDP 2011). Programs to improve school climate are not enough and do not automatically create a change in prevalence of bullying incidents. Prevention and interventions to address bullying or victimization should be intentional and woven into the entire school environment to address bullying. PBIS on its own does not intentionally address bullying prevention – that is where the OBPP comes in. PBIS establishes a social culture and provides supports to improve social, emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes for students. The OBPP is a framework for creating systemic change to build a school climate that discourages bullying and addresses it effectively if it occurs. Implementing both with fidelity can help create a strong system of support for all students. Read more about implementing both programs in the report Integrating the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in Pennsylvania. How are OBPP and PBIS aligned? OBPP and PBIS share many common elements including coordination by a leadership team, training and coaching for staff, using a common language, setting behavioral expectations, establishing positive consequences, family involvement, and data-based decision making. PBIS uses a three-tiered approach to improve learning and behavioral outcomes for students. The components of the OBPP fit neatly into that tiered structure. The OBPP is designed for students in elementary, middle, and high schools and involves all staff, students, parents, and the community in bullying prevention efforts. All students participate in the universal prevention (tier 1) aspects of the OBPP, while students who bully others and students who are bullied receive additional individualized interventions (tiers 2 and 3). Tier 1: Universal prevention efforts delivered to the entire school population. The OBPP involves the entire school community in creating a positive school climate that will reduce existing bullying problems among students, prevent new bullying problems, and achieve better peer relations. The schoolwide, classroom, and community components of the OBPP are Tier 1 strategies. Tier 2: Targeted support for additional teaching and practice opportunities. The comprehensive nature of the OBPP as a whole school framework supports student well-being by addressing bullying problems for students who are bullied, students who bully others, and students who witness bullying. Tier 2 strategies include increased supervision, on-the-spot interventions, and initial follow-up discussions held individually with students engaged in a bullying situation. Tier 3: Intensive, individualized interventions to support students who continue to show patterns of bullying behavior or ongoing bullying victimization. Bullying intervention strategies may include an individualized safety plan and referrals to the school resource officer, the school intervention team, or to mental health providers. Depending on the severity and pattern of behavior, follow-up interventions may also be a tier 3 support. Learn more about a multi-tiered approach to bullying prevention. How can I donate or support the OBPP? Bullying prevention efforts have the largest impact when schools and communities come together to provide support for safe and humane schools where every child has the right to an education without the fear of intimidation or being bullied. You can make a difference! Please see the Sponsorship Levels Document to find the giving level that’s right for you or your organization. Visit our website to support training and development of bullying prevention resources for schools and communities. You can also support bullying prevention efforts in your community by: - Sponsoring lunch for participants attending a training - Providing space for training events - Providing assistance with outreach in your area by sharing the OBPP training announcements How do I get permission to print something from the program materials or use the Hazelden and/or Olweus logo? For answers to your questions about OBPP copyright or submitting permission requests, please access www.copyright.com or contact Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of uses. If you have questions or concerns about guidelines not being followed, please contact Hazelden Publishing’s permissions department at 651-213-4000.

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1. Introduction to Drone Piloting In an era where technology reshapes our lives at an unprecedented pace, drone technology emerges as a pivotal force, transforming everything from how we capture memories to how we respond to emergencies. The protagonists of this narrative? Drone pilots. As we delve into the realm of drone pilot jobs, it’s clear that this is not merely a profession but a vanguard role at the heart of a technological revolution. The Rise of Drone Technology Drone technology has rapidly evolved from a niche hobby to a cornerstone of modern innovation. These versatile machines are now instrumental in a wide array of applications: - Aerial Photography and Videography: Capturing stunning visuals from the skies, drones offer perspectives that were once impossible or prohibitively expensive to achieve. - Search and Rescue Operations: In emergencies, drones provide critical information, navigating unreachable areas to locate missing persons or assess disaster impacts. - Agricultural Monitoring: Farmers use drones to oversee crops, monitor irrigation, and manage resources more efficiently, transforming traditional farming practices. - Inspection and Surveillance: Drones play a key role in the inspection of infrastructure, surveillance for security purposes, and monitoring environmental changes. This rapid adoption across diverse fields underscores the growing demand for skilled drone pilots, capable of navigating the skies and steering these advancements. Why Drone Piloting is the Future The trajectory of drone technology points towards an increasingly central role in our society. Here are compelling reasons why drone piloting is not just a job of the future but the future itself: - Innovative Application Across Industries: From real estate to cinematography, drones are opening new frontiers. Drone pilots are at the helm, driving innovation and efficiency. - Critical Role in Emergency Response and Public Safety: Drones have become indispensable in firefighting, search and rescue, and law enforcement, saving lives and protecting communities. - Environmental Monitoring and Conservation: Drones offer a bird’s-eye view essential for environmental conservation, wildlife monitoring, and battling climate change. As a drone enthusiast, witnessing the transformative impact of drones across these sectors has been nothing short of inspirational. Drones are not merely tools but enablers of progress, with pilots playing a crucial role in unlocking their potential. The Indispensable Role of Drone Pilots Drone pilots are the linchpin in leveraging the full capabilities of drone technology. Their expertise and skills ensure the successful execution of complex tasks across various domains. Here’s why drone pilots are becoming an indispensable asset: - Precision and Skill: Flying drones, especially in challenging conditions or for specific tasks, requires a high degree of precision and skill. Professional pilots bring this expertise to the table. - Regulatory Compliance: With the airspace increasingly crowded, drone pilots ensure that all flights comply with local and international regulations, safeguarding both public safety and privacy. - Innovative Thinking: Drone pilots often have to think on their feet, finding creative solutions for the tasks at hand. This innovative approach is vital for the advancement of drone applications. 2. Getting Started as a Drone Pilot Embarking on a career as a drone pilot is an adventure that marries technology with the sheer joy of flight. For those drawn to the skies by the allure of piloting cutting-edge drones, the path to professional flying is filled with learning and opportunities. Let’s navigate the initial steps to launching your career in drone piloting, ensuring you’re well-prepared for what lies ahead. Essential Skills for Drone Pilots Before you take to the skies, understanding the core skills required for drone pilots is crucial. It’s not just about controlling your drone; it’s about mastering a set of skills that ensure each flight is safe, efficient, and productive. - Technical Proficiency: Understanding the mechanics of your drone, how it operates, and how to troubleshoot common issues is fundamental. - Aerodynamic Knowledge: A solid grasp of aerodynamics and weather conditions can significantly impact your flying experience and the quality of your work. - Attention to Detail: Whether it’s noticing a slight change in drone behavior or capturing the perfect shot, a keen eye for detail is indispensable. - Patience and Precision: Many drone operations require meticulous planning and execution, requiring both patience and a precise hand. - Adaptability and Continuous Learning: Drone technology and regulations are constantly evolving. Being adaptable and committed to ongoing learning is key. How to Obtain a Drone Pilot Certification For those aiming to pilot drones commercially, obtaining certification is a necessary step. In countries like the United States, this typically involves passing the FAA’s Part 107 test, a certification process designed to ensure pilots understand the rules of the sky and can operate drones responsibly. Understanding the FAA Regulations Navigating through the FAA regulations is a pivotal part of becoming a drone pilot. These rules are in place to maintain the safety of both pilots and the public. Here’s a simplified breakdown: - Operational Limits: Knowing where, when, and how high you can fly. - Airspace Restrictions: Understanding the different classifications of airspace and the permissions required to operate in them. - Safety Guidelines: Familiarizing yourself with safety practices to minimize risks during flight. Study Tips for the Certification Exam Passing the Part 107 test requires a thorough understanding of various subjects, from air law to meteorology. Here are some strategies to help you ace the exam: - FAA’s Study Guide: Start with the FAA’s own materials. They provide a comprehensive guide that covers all the exam topics. - Online Courses: There are numerous reputable online courses tailored specifically for the Part 107 exam. These can provide structured learning and practice exams to test your knowledge. - Practice with a Certified Instructor: If possible, hands-on practice under the guidance of a certified instructor can be invaluable. It’s not just about passing the test but becoming a competent pilot. - Join Study Groups: Engaging with a community of fellow drone pilot aspirants can enhance your learning experience. Study groups can offer support, insights, and resources that you might not find on your own. 3. Exploring the World of Drone Pilot Jobs The journey into drone piloting is not just about navigating the skies; it’s about unlocking a world of possibilities that stretch across various sectors. With a drone pilot certification in your arsenal, a vast array of drone pilot jobs becomes accessible, each offering unique challenges and rewards. The drone industry is not just growing; it’s thriving, and here’s how you can be a part of it. Commercial Drone Piloting Opportunities The commercial sector has rapidly embraced drone technology, creating numerous opportunities for certified drone pilots. Here’s a glimpse into where your skills could be in high demand: - Precision Farming: Utilize drones to collect and analyze data on crop health, moisture levels, and pest presence, enabling farmers to make informed decisions. - Irrigation Management: Drones equipped with thermal cameras can identify areas that require more or less irrigation, optimizing water usage and improving crop yields. - Soil and Field Analysis: Drones can map out the soil condition and field topography, assisting in the planning of planting patterns and crop management. - Real Estate - Property Showcases: Create compelling aerial visuals of properties to enhance listings, providing potential buyers with a comprehensive view of their investment. - Construction Monitoring: Offer regular drone flights over construction sites to monitor progress, ensuring projects stay on track and within budget. - Land Surveying: Drones can quickly and accurately survey land, providing essential data for development and valuation. - Filmmaking and Photography - Cinematic Shots: Capture stunning aerial shots that add depth and drama to films, commercials, and documentaries. - Event Coverage: Offer unique perspectives for weddings, sports events, and concerts, providing clients with memorable footage. - Stock Photography: Create breathtaking aerial images for stock photography sites, catering to a growing demand for high-quality drone shots. Public Safety and Emergency Services Drones are becoming an invaluable asset in public safety operations, significantly enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response efforts. - Search and Rescue: Deploy drones to cover large areas quickly, identifying missing persons or assessing the safety of inaccessible locations. - Firefighting Support: Use drones to provide real-time aerial views of fires, helping to strategize firefighting efforts and monitor the safety of personnel. - Law Enforcement: Assist in crowd monitoring, crime scene analysis, and the pursuit of suspects, offering a safer and more comprehensive approach to policing. Research and Conservation Efforts For drone pilots passionate about the environment and conservation, the opportunity to contribute to meaningful projects is vast. - Wildlife Monitoring: Track and monitor wildlife populations without disturbing their natural habitats, providing valuable data for conservation efforts. - Habitat Mapping: Use drones to map out habitats and ecosystems, aiding in the preservation and restoration of critical natural areas. - Environmental Surveillance: Monitor environmental changes, such as deforestation, erosion, and pollution, helping to inform and implement conservation strategies. 4. Advancing Your Drone Pilot Career Embarking on drone pilot jobs marks merely the beginning. Transitioning from a beginner to a veteran in the drone sector is a journey marked by incessant learning, networking, and professional growth. Here are strategies to enhance your trajectory in drone piloting, ensuring that you not only keep up with the sector’s advancements but also emerge as a distinguished drone pilot. Continuing Education and Training The rapid pace of technological advancements in the drone sector means that continuous education is not just beneficial; it’s essential. Here’s how you can stay ahead: - Workshops and Seminars: Regularly attending industry workshops and seminars can provide insights into the latest technologies and techniques in drone piloting. - Online Courses and Certifications: Numerous online platforms offer courses that cater to both beginners and advanced pilots, covering topics from aerial photography to drone coding. - Specialization: Diving deep into a specific niche, such as agricultural surveying or industrial inspection, can make you highly sought after. Specialization requires additional training but the investment can significantly enhance your career prospects. - Attend Drone Expos and Conferences: These events are not only great for learning but also for networking. They can keep you updated on industry trends and regulatory changes. Networking and Professional Development Building a robust network within the drone community can open doors to opportunities that might not be accessible otherwise. Here’s how networking can play a crucial role in your career development: - Join Drone Pilot Networks: Online forums, social media groups, and local drone clubs can be invaluable resources. They offer a platform to share experiences, ask questions, and stay informed about job opportunities. - Professional Associations: Becoming a member of professional drone associations can lend credibility to your profile. These organizations often provide resources for professional development, legal advice, and industry news. - Build an Online Presence: Showcasing your work on platforms like Instagram, YouTube, or a personal blog can attract attention from potential employers or clients. An impressive online portfolio can be a deciding factor in landing drone pilot jobs. - Collaborate and Freelance: Early in your career, collaborating on projects can help you gain experience and build your portfolio. Freelancing on various platforms can also provide exposure to different types of drone applications and industries. Setting Yourself Apart In a competitive field like drone piloting, differentiating yourself is key to advancing your career. Here are some additional tips to set yourself apart: - Certifications Beyond the Basics: While the Part 107 certification is essential for commercial pilots in the U.S., obtaining additional certifications, like those for advanced aerial photography or thermography, can boost your qualifications. - Stay Updated with Regulations: The legal landscape for drone operations is continuously changing. Staying informed and compliant with current regulations not only ensures your operations are legal but also demonstrates your professionalism to clients. - Quality Equipment: Investing in high-quality drones and accessories can significantly improve the quality of your work. While it’s an upfront cost, having reliable and advanced equipment can pay off in the long run. - Customer Service Skills: Especially for freelancers and those running their drone services, excellent communication and customer service skills can lead to repeat business and referrals. 5. The Challenges and Rewards of Drone Piloting Embarking on a career in drone piloting introduces you to a world where the sky is your canvas, and the drone is your brush. However, as with any pioneering field, there are both challenges and immense rewards. Understanding these aspects is crucial for anyone considering drone pilot jobs or those already navigating this exciting industry. Navigating the Challenges Pursuing drone pilot jobs comes with its set of challenges. Recognizing and preparing for these obstacles is crucial as it enables you to navigate and surmount them, propelling your career forward: - Legal and Ethical Considerations: Ensuring that your drone operations comply with local laws and respect privacy rights is paramount. The legal landscape for drones is constantly evolving, requiring pilots to stay informed and compliant. - Changing Regulations: Regulatory updates can affect where and how you can fly. Staying abreast of these changes is crucial to operate legally and safely. - Outdoor Work’s Unpredictability: Weather conditions, wildlife, and other unforeseen events can impact your ability to fly. Planning and flexibility are key to adapting to these situations. - Market Saturation: As drone technology becomes more accessible, the field grows more competitive. Differentiating your services and continuously improving your skills is necessary to stand out. - Technology Costs: Keeping up with the latest drone technology and maintenance can be expensive. However, investing in quality equipment is essential for delivering professional results. Embracing the Rewards Despite the hurdles, the rewards associated with drone pilot jobs are second to none. Below are some of the most fulfilling aspects of forging a path in drone piloting: - Mastering Flights: There’s a profound satisfaction in perfecting the art of drone flying, from executing smooth maneuvers to navigating complex flight paths. - Unique Perspectives: Drone piloting allows you to capture and explore perspectives that were once impossible or highly expensive to achieve. This unique vantage point can make your work truly stand out. - Technological Edge: Working with cutting-edge technology places you at the forefront of innovation, offering a thrilling experience that continually evolves. - Diverse Opportunities: The wide range of industries that utilize drones means you can find work in fields such as filmmaking, agriculture, real estate, and more, ensuring a varied and interesting career. - Making an Impact: Whether it’s contributing to conservation efforts, aiding in emergency responses, or bringing creative visions to life, the work of a drone pilot can have a significant positive impact. Preparing for a Successful Drone Pilot Career To navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of drone piloting, a strategic approach to your career is essential: - Continuous Learning: Engage in ongoing education to keep your skills sharp and your knowledge up-to-date. This includes both piloting skills and understanding of the regulatory landscape. - Portfolio Development: Build a comprehensive portfolio showcasing your best work. A strong portfolio can be your ticket to new opportunities and clients. - Marketing Savvy: Understanding how to market your services effectively is crucial in a competitive landscape. This might involve social media, networking, and creating a compelling online presence. - Professional Networking: Connect with other drone pilots and industry professionals. Networking can lead to job opportunities, partnerships, and valuable insights. - Quality Equipment: Invest in reliable, high-quality drones and accessories. Your equipment is the foundation of your service offering. Embarking on a journey towards drone pilot jobs is a thrilling adventure where technology intersects with creativity. The field is ripe with endless possibilities, and the demand for adept pilots is climbing steadily. Equipped with the essential skills, proper certification, and the right mindset, you are poised to ascend to new heights within this vibrant industry. - How much can I earn as a drone pilot? Earnings vary widely depending on the industry, experience, and specialization. Commercial pilots can earn anywhere from $50 to several hundred dollars per hour. - Do I need insurance to fly drones commercially? Yes, commercial drone operations typically require liability insurance to protect against potential damages or accidents. - Can I fly drones in all areas? No, there are restricted zones such as airports, national parks, and certain urban areas. Always check local regulations before flying. - How often do I need to renew my certification? In the United States, FAA Part 107 certifications need to be renewed every two years. - Are there any specific drones recommended for beginners? Beginners should start with drones that are known for their stability, ease of control, and have basic features to practice flying techniques. Brands like DJI offer models suited for all skill levels.

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Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Add Comment * Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Christian de la Villehuchet’s first contact with the advertising world took place in 1991, when he joined WCRS, at the time considered one of the biggest creative agencies in the UK. In 1993, he became part of Havas (called EURO RCSG back then), taking up various roles, especially in business development across Europe. In 2002 he became the CEO of EURO RSCG Belgium, in 2007 he transitioned to CEO of EURO RSCG Benelux, and in 2010 Christian was appointed CEO of Havas Creative Group Europe until 2015, when he joined the operational management of the group as Global Chief Integration Officer (Havas Group). As of 2024, he holds a number of roles, including: Global Chief Integration Officer at Havas Group, President of Havas Creative Affiliates, Director of the Havas Global Creative Council, Member of Havas Operational Committee and Member of the Board within the Franco-Belgian Chamber of Commerce. To access our free publication, please subscribe to our newsletter. Miranda is Chief Executive Officer at adam&eveDDB, one of the largest advertising agencies in the UK and one of the most highly awarded agencies in the world. Miranda joined the agency 12 years ago and has since led many accounts including John Lewis, Google, Mars and more recently Amazon. In 2023 adam&eveDDB won the Film Grand Prix and UK Agency of the Year at Cannes Lions, plus Agency of the Year at D&AD, Campaign BIG and British Arrows. It was also named Agency of the Year at APG awards for the fourth time consecutively – a first in APG history. Miranda sits on the European Association of Communications Agencies’ International Agencies Council. Helen Price leads Global Investment for Wavemaker, ensuring that the company leverages GroupM scale, market intelligence, and strong relationships to secure the best available opportunities across media pricing, quality, innovation, and value for clients to drive their businesses forward. With over 25 years of experience in media, Helen has worked in various local, regional, and global roles. She joined Wavemaker in 2022 from IPG Mediabrands, where she led global investment for clients such as J&J, Nestle, Amex, and Lego. Helen previously served as a consultant at Ebiquity. Throughout her career, Helen has dedicated herself to finding solutions that deliver value and growth to clients. Beyond her professional endeavors, Helen takes pride in being the mother of two young boys and spends much of her spare time standing on muddy fields in the rain. When not doing that, she enjoys dining out and balances it with a love for long runs. Michaela Hutnanova is a trainee at INNOCEAN at the European headquarters in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. She is a member of the People & Culture team, commonly known as HR, and has been part of the team since July of the current year. With a recent entry into the creative industry and specifically working in HR, Michaela brings a fresh perspective to her role. At the age of 25, and having recently earned her master’s degree in Culture, Communication, and Globalization from Aalborg University, she brings a blend of academic knowledge and youthful energy to her professional journey. Carsten is the Director of New Business in Europe for Innocean, a leading force in driving business transformation and brand building. Specializing in driving growth and award-winning integrated marketing campaigns, Carsten excels in cultural marketing, community building, and global consumer engagement. With a track record as Managing Director at DEPT and Senior Vice President at VICE Media Group, Carsten has been a pivotal leader in commercial endeavors. Holding a Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and Economics and a Master’s degree in Media Management he is making significant contributions to the evolving marketing landscape since 20 years. As Chief Executive Officer EMEA of Ogilvy, a post she has held since September 2021, Patou is responsible for driving all aspects of Ogilvy’s business across Europe, the Middle East and Africa, spanning public relations, consulting, advertising, health, and experience. Patou joined Ogilvy in Belgium in 1993, and has steadily risen through the ranks of Ogilvy, taking on management roles of increasing responsibility. She has worked on three continents across a broad range of disciplines, categories, and clients. Her multi-discipline expertise has helped her serve as a leading contributor to Ogilvy’s global digital strategy, integrating the group’s digital capabilities across the network. Tamara has more than 15 years of experience working in agencies and representing the communications sector at national & European level. Tamara joined EACA in 2010, and she was appointed Director General in 2018, becoming CEO in 2022. She has been elected first President of the global alliance of agencies VoxComm and sits on the Boards of EASA and EDAA. She supports the Effie World Wide Programme as its Partner Council Member. “I have never enjoyed writing about myself, I like when people find out who I am. I just hope to be tougher than I appear” ‘Please don’t touch the artworks, they said. Touched them all :)‘ Clarisse Artoré, currently serving as an Account Director in Advertising and Brand Strategy at Havas Paris, brings a wealth of experience in the broader communications field, spanning PR, influence, corporate comms, brand positioning, advertising, social media strategy, and political communications. Clarisse’s professional journey began at APCO Worldwide, a public relations agency, where she specialized in corporate and crisis communications. Subsequently, she transitioned to the French Government, actively contributing to the shaping of PR and social media strategies for the Junior Minister in charge of Children and Families. Additionally, she played a pivotal role in conducting awareness campaigns on child protection matters. In 2022, Clarisse joined Havas Paris, dedicating herself to building impactful advertising campaigns across various platforms while placing creativity at the core of her work. She holds a firm belief in the power of communication to influence behaviors and perceptions, catalyze change, and foster meaningful connections in today’s world. Irina (28) is a talented senior account manager, with a positive ‘can do’ attitude and a sharp strategic mind. She enjoys taking on challenging projects and navigating them to their delivery, whilst bringing everyone on the team on that journey. But what makes her tick is creating work that has a positive impact, having worked on projects such as Vanish ‘Me, My Autism and I’, and Fan Paint (a partnership between Lifejacket and Melanoma UK). Miguel Mestre’s journey took an unexpected turn from his childhood dream of becoming a professional football goalkeeper to pursuing a degree in Marketing Communication. Despite more than a decade facing strikers and forwards, he had a change of heart and opted for a career as a copywriter, embracing the challenge of meeting tight deadlines. Upon relocating to Lisbon for studies in Creative Advertising, Miguel gained experience in agencies such as Havas and Dentsu Creative Portugal (formerly MSTF Partners). His achievements include winning the Young Lions Portugal Film competition and earning a D&AD pencil. In 2019, Miguel joined Fuel Lisboa, marking the next chapter in his professional adventure. Jack Waring is a brand and CX strategist who is passionate about creating meaningful experiences that bridge the gap between companies and customers. Over the past four years, Jack has navigated the creative world at Dentsu Creative in Amsterdam, blending experience in innovation and systems thinking with creative work that pushes clients. When not strategizing, Jack enjoys spending time on the bike or exploring the Netherlands with a camera. Tommaso Mangiarotti, a young professional hailing from Italy, presently serves as an Account Executive at Dentsu Creative Italia. His journey into the world of marketing commenced when he joined a small Video Games marketing company in Tokyo, where he discovered his passion for all things marketing. Since then, Tommaso has continued to develop his career, taking on the role of account executive in communication agencies. Marta Fitak embarked on her professional journey during her studies, initiating her career in loyalty programs. As she took on progressively challenging responsibilities, Marta evolved into a project manager within a small agency. Her fascination lies in the ability to connect with potential customers through diverse communication methods, showcasing the best features of products and services—an experience akin to reuniting old friends who are unaware of each other’s existence. For nearly four years, Marta has assumed the role of Project Manager in the Client Service team, overseeing both large and small projects for the main client, Nissan. These projects encompass online and offline campaigns, social media support, and local activities. Marta closely collaborates with the media house, contributing to the establishment of the Nissan United unit. The most appealing aspects of Marta’s job include the daily challenges and creative problem-solving, coupled with the opportunity to collaborate with specialists across various fields—from the client’s marketing department and product managers to the creative team and media house. This collaborative spirit fosters a sense of unity within the team. Expanding her expertise, Marta welcomed PHILIPS and the beauty products department into the portfolio last year. This addition provided her with insights into another industry, facilitating her growth toward delivering more comprehensive customer service. Embracing numerous challenges, Marta thrives on developing solutions to better align with the expectations and needs of the clients. Louise Guyon, with three and a half years of experience as an Account Director at DDB Paris, has had the pleasure of spearheading campaigns for esteemed brands such as Google, Glenmorangie, and Volkswagen. She harbors a particular interest in international clients, finding the constant exposure to new cultural nuances to be an enriching aspect of her role. Alice Wagner began her career at adam&eveDDB, where she had the fortune of cultivating her passion for sharp strategy and exceptional creative work. A dedicated qualitative research enthusiast, Alice firmly believes in incorporating the consumer’s voice into the work at every opportunity. She takes pride in her significant contributions to projects for renowned brands such as John Lewis, Waitrose, Savills, and Mars Pet Care. Vania Liberoff is a Digital Strategist at Ogilvy Madrid, bringing over 10 years of experience in the dynamic field of brand strategies across various sectors. Specializing in Foresight Research, Social Intelligence, and Audience Intelligence, Vania has consistently stayed at the forefront of what’s trendy and relevant. Her belief in the power of brands connecting with people through stories fuels her passion for all forms of storytelling. Joely Buxton Smith has been at McCann since 2017. Having started on the L’Oréal business, she is now the Account Director on Just Eat Takeaway’s global business and Nestle’s Cereal Partners UK at McCann London. Joely has managed Just Eat through the launch and roll out of the ‘Did Somebody Say’ brand platform including the last three global brand campaigns and the UEFA Champions League Sponsorship, running in up to 23 markets. Luca Dornhoefer, 26, has been an integral part of DDB for approximately three years. Starting as an intern and working student for DDB Entertainment, Luca focused on sports communications, catering to clients such as Volkswagen, Eurowings, and ERGO. Over the past year, Luca has transitioned into the role of an Account Manager at DDB Berlin, overseeing various advertising campaigns for clients, including Volkswagen German Market and ERGO. Notably, Luca’s passion lies in inspiring people through a diverse range of campaigns and activities. Molly Grant is a 25-year-old PR professional currently situated in the heart of Manchester City. Over the past three years, following a Journalism degree, Molly has been actively engaged in the dynamic realm of PR and communications. Joining the talented team at Dentsu Creative over a year ago, Molly now serves as a PR Account Manager across multiple accounts. In this role, Molly has the privilege of collaborating with a diverse portfolio of clients, with a primary focus on elevating their PR strategies, enhancing public image, and optimizing communications, among other responsibilities. Molly thrives in the fast-paced, exciting, and rewarding environment of her career, which keeps her on her toes every day. Outside of the professional sphere, Molly runs a successful side hustle in social media content management. During downtime, she enjoys playing golf and spending quality time with friends and family. On weekends, one can usually find Molly frequenting the local coffee shops, adding a delightful touch to her vibrant and multifaceted life Murray Robertson is a passionate individual with a deep interest in the advertising industry, specifically focusing on sports, equality, sustainability, retail, and consumer goods. Demonstrating a resolute drive to excel in the creative field, Murray consistently seeks opportunities with companies whose purpose aligns with their diverse passions. In 2021, Murray transitioned from the sunny shores of Cape Town to join Ogilvy Amsterdam, where they currently hold the position of Account Director. Outside the professional realm, Murray finds joy in various activities, including watching football, running, playing padel, attempting golf, and maintaining overall fitness. Firmly believing in the transformative power of sports, Murray actively participates in sports-related NGO projects. Noteworthy among these initiatives is Murray’s involvement in fundraising for Achieve, a young women empowerment program in disadvantaged areas of Cape Town. Additionally, Murray is a certified Surf Coach, specializing in teaching individuals with diverse abilities such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, blindness, paralysis, and more, through the Roxy Davis Foundation. Tom King (26) is a dedicated strategist who hunts ideas without waiting for permission. He embraces his humanity both in his professional and personal life. Tom considers himself fortunate to be a dyslexic queer man in his industry because it allows him to connect the dots others overlook. Notably, he served as the lead strategist for “Me, My Autism & I,” which won the Channel 4 Diversity in Advertising Awards in 2022 and earned a prestigious Cannes Lion Gold in Creative Strategy. Tom strives to contribute to the growth of Havas, collaborate with brilliant minds in the network, share insights, and create impactful work. Sorin leads the Marketing Sciences team at Mars, building tomorrow’s insights capabilities at the intersection of sciences and tech, fueled by a deep understanding of human behaviors. The team is the Mars Global Center of Expertise for Marketing Effectiveness, innovating in advertising research methods, media measurement, packaging and in-store shopper understanding solutions. Sorin is also a passionate marketing blogger; you can follow his Engineering Marketing blog at www.sorinp.com Morten Legarth is a Creative Director at faith and VCCP London, a gamer, an avid tech tinkerer an AI practitioner and speaker. He has Master’s degrees in Computer Science and Business Administration and is passionate about always learning new skills that help improve his craft and create standout, innovative work. Morten has always enjoyed getting hands on with new technologies and AI is no exception, he has trained several diffusion models and earlier this year created an AI generated debate at the The Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (IPA) council meeting on the impact of AI on the advertising industry. He recently talked at the IPA Business Growth Conference and Paradism Summit on the role of Creativity in an AI future. His creative work includes using new tech to build a player-powered football pitch in a Brazilian favela helping kids train after dark, and opening The O2 in Fortnite during lockdown to put on an epic gig for live music fans. Gabriele has been an officer at the European Commission since August 2017, focusing on legal and policy aspects of new technologies. He played a key role in shaping the European Commission’s policies on Artificial Intelligence (AI) since 2018, co-authoring the White Paper on AI in February 2020 and actively engaging in public consultations. In April 2021, he designed and co-drafted the proposal for the Artificial Intelligence Act. Before his current role, Gabriele served in the European Parliament’s Legal Service (2004-2009) and the Court of Justice (2001-2003). From 2009 to 2017, he lived in the United States, working on international development projects and collaborating with start-ups in emergency communications and energy in New York City. Gabriele holds a Harvard Law School LLM, a PhD in Italian and Comparative Criminal Law from the University of Pavia, and a Law Degree from the Catholic University in Milan. He is a qualified lawyer in Italy and New York. Magdalena has over 20 years of marketing experience gained in top FMCG & SDA companies, such as Philips, L’Oreal, Danone, Kraft Foods or Reckitt Benckiser. Currently, she holds the position of Marketing Director at Versuni, being responsible for the region of Central & Eastern Europe. As a lecturer and mentor in two business programs, she helps marketers to grow their competence in such fields like marketing strategies, effective business solutions, building and developing teams, behavioral marketing or power of cultural contexts. Mark Whelan has more than two decades of experience in ideation and innovation. His expertise spans diverse areas such as product development, brand naming and design, intellectual property (IP), and the creation of award-winning campaigns and entertainment properties. His accomplishments include the acquisition of his agency, Cake, by the international network Havas in 2008. Richard Robinson is the Managing Director of Econsultancy and Oystercatchers. He is a specialist in accelerating marketing performance & delivering digital transformation for brands and agencies alike. In addition to his role, he is an influential advocate for diversity and gender equality, earning recognition as one of the top 20 male advocates for women in the workplace. His work in this regard has established him as a ‘Campaigner for increased diversity in the industry’ by The Huffington Post. Beyond his professional commitments, Richard serves on advisory boards, provides mentorship, and contributes to industry development. His most significant contribution lies in his role as a diversity champion. Dan Nechita, serving as the Head of Cabinet for Dragos Tudorache, a Member of the European Parliament in the Renew Europe group, is a prominent figure in EU legislative matters. His responsibilities encompass the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, and he oversees key legislative committees such as AIDA, LIBE, AFET, SEDE, and the Delegation for relations with the United States (D-US). Previously, he held the position of State Counselor for Romanian Prime Minister Dacian Ciolos, focusing on e-governance, digitalization, and cybersecurity. Dan has a diverse professional background, having worked with the World Security Institute on the Global Zero nuclear disarmament initiative, the Brookings Institution Center of Executive Education, and as a graduate teaching assistant at the George Washington University. He has also contributed to the ABC News Political Unit and served as a research assistant at the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute of War and Peace. Furthermore, Dan is a co-founder of Smart Everything Everywhere, a think tank dedicated to promoting European digitalization. He is also the founder of K Street Consulting, a specialized consulting firm assisting U.S. companies in the EU market. Additionally, he serves as an expert project evaluator for the European Commission. Lisa Humphreys is a marketing and communications professional with a background in business transformation, operational best practices, data and technology strategy, team leadership, and account management. She has achieved recognition as an alumna of the Management Today “35 business women under 35” list and has been a finalist for prestigious awards such as Women of the Future Awards and First Women Awards. Lisa is deeply passionate about fostering the growth of young women in business, actively contributing as an ambassador for the Women of the Future network. She frequently engages with students, speaking at schools and events, and she is an enthusiastic member of the Bloom UK network. In addition, Lisa is a valued member of the EY Future FTSE network. Jane Ostler leads Kantar’s global thought leadership efforts, conducts original research, and serves as an international public speaker and media commentator. Jane also hosts Kantar’s Future Proof podcast on topics related to brands, marketing, digital, media, and advertising. Jane has a strong background in managing consumer and industry change communications, including collaborations with government bodies at the ministerial level, Ofcom, retailers, and manufacturers. Her expertise extends to leading industry monitoring and research programs, procuring and overseeing advertising, media, and direct marketing agencies, and establishing communication infrastructure. Angela Mills Wade is a lobbyist and consultant with 30 years of expertise in media-related issues, encompassing business and legal aspects within the European Union and the post-Brexit landscape in the UK. She is the Executive Director at the European Publishers’ Council (EPC) since 1991, where she has played a pivotal role in shaping this unique media lobby group. In addition to her role at EPC, Angela currently serves as Chair of the European Interactive Digital Advertising Alliance (EDAA) and the Publishers’ Content Forum. She is a Non-Executive Director and Vice Chair of the News Media Coalition, as well as Vice Chair and Board member of the European Advertising Standards Alliance (EASA). She also holds a board membership with Reporters without Borders (RSF-UK), serves as a Non-Executive Director for the Copyright Hub Foundation, and is the Director of Europe Analytica. Angela’s career has been dedicated to policy development at the EU level, ensuring the sustainability of the press and professional journalism across various platforms. Her expertise also extends to media innovation and strategy, making her a valuable contributor to the ever-changing media landscape. Dr. Alex Connock is a Senior Fellow in Management Practice, teaching various courses. Additionally, he leads the Creative Business department at the UK’s National Film and Television School. In the entertainment industry, Connock has founded and grown multiple media companies and received six Entrepreneur of the Year nominations. He is also a voting member at BAFTA. From 1998 to 2011, he co-founded and served as CEO of Ten Alps, a media group that produced numerous factual programs, digital content, and publications, including Teachers TV for the UK government. From 2012 to 2017, he led Endemol Shine North (now Workerbee), creating content for major UK broadcasters and social platforms. In the charity sector, Connock serves as Vice-Chair at UNICEF UK and is a director for The Halle Orchestra. His educational background includes degrees from Oxford, Columbia, INSEAD, and a PhD in video optimization for e-commerce. If you represent one of EACA’s member companies / organisations and would like to receive our monthly advocacy update, please email [email protected] to subscribe. By filling out the form, you consent to EACA sending monthly newsletters about our activities and notifications about event discounts using the MailChimp platform. No information will be passed on to other third parties or made public. You will have a right to unsubscribe at any point. Should you have any questions, please contact [email protected]

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The last prisoner was a man—his masculinity was not much in evidence, it is true; he would perhaps better be described as a “person,” but he undoubtedly came under that general heading and was so classified in the court record. He was a small, somewhat shriveled, somewhat wrinkled American who had been living along for probably thirty-five years. His body looked as if it had been left by accident in his suit the last time it went to the tailor's and pressed out with hot, heavy irons to its present sharpness. His face was merely a face. It was the kind of face that makes up crowds, gray in color with ears that shrank back against the head as if fearing the clamor of the city, and with the tired, tired eyes of one whose forebears have been underdogs for five thousand years. Brought into the dock between two towering Celts in executive blue he seemed like the representative of a long extinct race, a very fagged out and shriveled elf who had been caught poaching on a buttercup in Central Park. “What's your name?” “Charles David Stuart.” The clerk recorded it without comment in the book of little crimes and great mistakes. The clerk paused and looked at the judge. The judge yawned. “Wha’s charge?” he asked. “The charge is”—the clerk looked down at the notation in his hand—“the charge is that he pushed a lady in the face.” The preliminaries were now disposed of. Charles David Stuart, looking very harmless and uneasy, was on trial for assault and battery. The evidence disclosed, rather to the judge's surprise, that the lady whose face had been pushed was not the defendant's wife. On the contrary the victim was an absolute stranger—the prisoner had never seen her before in his life. His reasons for the assault had been two: first, that she talked during a theatrical performance; and, second, that she kept joggling the back of his chair with her knees. When this had gone on for some time he had turned around and without any warning pushed her severely in the face. “Call the plaintiff,” said the judge, sitting up a little in his chair. “Let's hear what she has to say.” The courtroom, sparsely crowded and unusually languid in the hot afternoon, had become suddenly alert. Several men in the back of the room moved into benches near the desk and a young reporter leaned over the clerk's shoulder and copied the defendant's name on the back of an envelope. The plaintiff arose. She was a woman just this side of fifty with a determined, rather overbearing face under yellowish white hair. Her dress was a dignified black and she gave the impression of wearing glasses; indeed the young reporter, who believed in observation, had so described her in his mind before he realized that no such adornment sat upon her thin, beaked nose. It developed that she was Mrs. George D. Robinson of 1219 Riverside Drive. She had always been fond of the theater and sometimes she went to the matinee. There had been two ladies with her yesterday, her cousin, who lived with her, and a Miss Ingles—both ladies were in court. This is what had occurred: As the curtain went up for the first act a woman sitting behind had asked her to remove her hat. Mrs. Robinson had been about to do so anyhow, and so she was a little annoyed at the request and had remarked as much to Miss Ingles and her cousin. At this point she had first noticed the defendant who was sitting directly in front, for he had turned around and looked at her quickly in a most insolent way. Then she had forgotten his existence until just before the end of the act when she made some remark to Miss Ingles—when suddenly he had stood up, turned around and pushed her in the face. “Was it a hard blow?” asked the judge at this point. “A hard blow!” said Mrs. Robinson indignantly, “I should say it was. I had hot and cold applications on my nose all night.” “—on her nose all night.” This echo came from the witness bench where two faded ladies were leaning forward eagerly and nodding their heads in corroboration. “Were the lights on?” asked the judge. No, but everyone around had seen the incident and some people had taken hold of the man right then and there. This concluded the case for the plaintiff. Her two companions gave similar evidence and in the minds of everyone in the courtroom the incident defined itself as one of unprovoked and inexcusable brutality. The one element which did not fit in with this interpretation was the physiognomy of the prisoner himself. Of any one of a number of minor offenses he might have appeared guilty—pickpockets were notoriously mild-mannered, for example—but of this particular assault in a crowded theater he seemed physically incapable. He did not have the kind of voice or the kind of clothes or the kind of mustache that went with such an attack. “Charles David Stuart,” said the judge, “you've heard the evidence against you?” “And you plead guilty?” “Have you anything to say before I sentence you?” “No.” The prisoner shook his head hopelessly. His small hands were trembling. “Not one word in extenuation of this unwarranted assault?” The prisoner appeared to hesitate. “Go on,” said the judge. “Speak up—it's your last chance.” “Well,” said Stuart with an effort, “she began talking about the plumber's stomach.” There was a stir in the courtroom. The judge leaned forward. “What do you mean?” “Why, at first she was only talking about her own stomach to—to those two ladies there”—he indicated the cousin and Miss Ingles—“and that wasn't so bad. But when she began talking about the plumber's stomach it got different.” “How do you mean—different?” Charles Stuart looked around helplessly. “I can't explain,” he said, his mustache wavering a little, “but when she began talking about the plumber's stomach you—you had to listen.” A snicker ran about the courtroom. Mrs. Robinson and her attendant ladies on the bench were visibly horrified. The guard took a step nearer as if at a nod from the judge he would whisk off this criminal to the dingiest dungeon in Manhattan. But much to his surprise the judge settled himself comfortably in his chair. “Tell us about it, Stuart,” he said not unkindly. “Tell us the whole story from the beginning.” This request was a shock to the prisoner and for a moment he looked as though he would have preferred the order of condemnation. Then after one nervous look around the room he put his hands on the edge of the desk, like the paws of a fox-terrier just being trained to sit up, and began to speak in a quivering voice. “Well, I'm a night cashier, your honor, in T. Cushmael's restaurant on Third Avenue. I'm not married”—he smiled a little, as if he knew they had all guessed that—“and so on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons I usually go to the matinee. It helps to pass the time till dinner. There's a drug store, maybe you know, where you can get tickets for a dollar sixty-five to some of the shows and I usually go there and pick out something. They got awful prices at the box office now.” He gave out a long silent whistle and looked feelingly at the judge. “Four or five dollars for one seat—” The judge nodded his head. “Well,” continued Charles Stuart, “when I pay even a dollar sixty-five I expect to see my money's worth. About two weeks ago I went to one of these here mystery plays where they have one fella that did the crime and nobody knows who it was. Well, the fun at a thing like that is to guess who did it. And there was a lady behind me that'd been there before and she gave it all away to the fella with her. Gee”— his face fell and he shook his head from side to side—“I like to died right there. When I got home to my room I was so mad that they had to come and ask me to stop walking up and down. Dollar sixty-five of my money gone for nothing. “Well, Wednesday came around again, and this show was one show I wanted to see. I'd been wanting to see it for months, and every time I went into the drug store I asked them if they had any tickets. But they never did.” He hesitated. “So Tuesday I took a chance and went over to the box office and got a seat. Two seventy-five it cost me.” He nodded impressively. “Two seventy-five. Like throwing money away. But I wanted to see that show.” Mrs. Robinson in the front row rose suddenly to her feet. “I don't see what all this story has to do with it,” she broke out a little shrilly. “I'm sure I don't care—” The judge brought his gavel sharply down on the desk. “Sit down, please,” he said. “This is a court of law, not a matinee.” Mrs. Robinson sat down, drawing herself up into a thin line and sniffing a little as if to say she'd see about this after a while. The judge pulled out his watch. “Go on,” he said to Stuart. “Take all the time you want.” “I got there first,” continued Stuart in a flustered voice. “There wasn't anybody in there but me and the fella that was cleaning up. After awhile the audience came in, and it got dark and the play started, but just as I was all settled in my seat and ready to have a good time I heard an awful row directly behind me. Somebody had asked this lady”—he pointed directly to Mrs. Robinson—“to remove her hat like she should of done anyhow and she was sore about it. She kept telling the two ladies that was with her how she'd been at the theater before and knew enough to take off her hat. She kept that up for a long time, five minutes maybe, and then every once in a while she'd think of something new and say it in a loud voice. So finally I turned around and looked at her because I wanted to see what a lady looked like that could be so inconsiderate as that. Soon as I turned back she began on me. She said I was insolent and then she said ‘Tchk! Tchk! Tchk!’ a lot with her tongue and the two ladies that was with her said ‘Tchk! Tchk! Tchk!’ until you could hardly hear yourself think, much less listen to the play. You'd have thought I'd done something terrible. “By and by, after they calmed down and I began to catch up with what was doing on the stage, I felt my seat sort of creak forward and then creak back again and I knew the lady had her feet on it and I was in for a good rock. Gosh!” he wiped his pale, narrow brow on which the sweat had gathered thinly, “it was awful. I hope to tell you I wished I'd never come at all. Once I got excited at a show and rocked a man's chair without knowing it and I was glad when he asked me to stop. But I knew this lady wouldn't be glad if I asked her. She'd of just rocked harder than ever.” Some time before, the population of the courtroom had begun stealing glances at the middle-aged lady with yellowish-white hair. She was of a deep, life-like lobster color with rage. “It got to be near the end of the act,” went on the little pale man, “and I was enjoying it as well as I could, seeing that sometimes she'd push me toward the stage and sometimes she'd let go, and the seat and me would fall back into place. Then all of a sudden she began to talk. She said she had an operation or something—I remember she said she told the doctor that she guessed she knew more about her own stomach than he did. The play was getting good just then—the people next to me had their handkerchiefs out and was weeping—and I was feeling sort of that way myself. And all of a sudden this lady began to tell her friends what she told the plumber about his indigestion. Gosh!” Again he shook his head from side to side; his pale eyes fell involuntarily on Mrs. Robinson—then looked quickly away. “You couldn't help but hear some and I begun missing things and then missing more things and then everybody began laughing and I didn't know what they were laughing at and, as soon as they'd leave off, her voice would begin again. Then there was a great big laugh that lasted for a long time and everybody bent over double and kept laughing and laughing, and I hadn't heard a word. First thing I knew the curtain came down and then I don't know what happened. I must of been a little crazy or something because I got up and closed my seat, and reached back and pushed the lady in the face.” As he concluded there was a long sigh in the courtroom as though everyone had been holding in his breath waiting for the climax. Even the judge gasped a little and the three ladies on the witness bench burst into a shrill chatter and grew louder and louder and shriller and shriller until the judge's gavel rang out again upon his desk. “Charles Stuart,” said the judge in a slightly raised voice, “is this the only extenuation you can make for raising your hand against a woman of the plaintiff's age?” Charles Stuart's head sank a little between his shoulders, seeming to withdraw as far as it was able into the poor shelter of his body. “Yes, sir,” he said faintly. Mrs. Robinson sprang to her feet. “Yes, judge,” she cried shrilly, “and there's more than that. He's a liar too, a dirty little liar. He's just proclaimed himself a dirty little—” “Silence!” cried the judge in a terrible voice. “I'm running this court, and I'm capable of making my own decisions!” He paused. “I will now pronounce sentence upon Charles Stuart,” he referred to the register, “upon Charles David Stuart of 212½ West 22nd St.” The courtroom was silent. The reporter drew nearer—he hoped the sentence would be light—just a few days on the Island in lieu of a fine. The judge leaned back in his chair and hid his thumbs somewhere under his black robe. “Assault justified,” he said. “Case dismissed.” The little man Charles Stuart came blinking out into the sunshine, pausing for a moment at the door of the court and looking furtively behind him as if he half expected that it was a judicial error. Then, sniffling once or twice, not because he had a cold but for those dim psychological reasons that make people sniff, he moved slowly south with an eye out for a subway station. He stopped at a news-stand to buy a morning paper; then entering the subway was borne south to 18th Street where he disembarked and walked east to Third Avenue. Here he was employed in an all-night restaurant built of glass and plaster white tile. Here he sat at a desk from curfew until dawn, taking in money and balancing the books of T. Cushmael, the proprietor. And here, through the interminable nights, his eyes, by turning a little to right or left, could rest upon the starched linen uniform of Miss Edna Schaeffer. Miss Edna Schaeffer was twenty-three, with a sweet mild face and hair that was a living example of how henna should not be applied. She was unaware of this latter fact, because all the girls she knew used henna just this way, so perhaps the odd vermilion tint of her coiffure did not matter. Charles Stuart had forgotten about the color of her hair long ago—if he had ever noticed its strangeness at all. He was much more interested in her eyes, and in her white hands which, as they moved deftly among piles of plates and cups, always looked as if they should be playing the piano. He had almost asked her to go to a matinee with him once, but when she had faced him her lips half-parted in a weary, cheerful smile, she had seemed so beautiful that he had lost courage and mumbled something else instead. It was not to see Edna Schaeffer, however, that he had come to the restaurant so early in the afternoon. It was to consult with T. Cushmael, his employer, and discover if he had lost his job during his night in jail. T. Cushmael was standing in the front of the restaurant looking gloomily out the plate-glass window, and Charles Stuart approached him with ominous forebodings. “Where've you been?” demanded T. Cushmael. “Nowhere,” answered Charles Stuart discreetly. “Well, you're fired.” Cushmael waved his hands apathetically. “Stay two or three days if you want to, till I find somebody. Then”—he made a gesture of expulsion—“outside for you.” Charles Stuart assented with a weary little nod. He assented to everything. At nine o'clock, after a depressed interval during which he brooded upon the penalty of spending a night among the police, he reported for work. “Hello, Mr. Stuart,” said Edna Schaeffer, sauntering curiously toward him as he took his place behind the desk. “What became of you last night? Get pinched?” She laughed, cheerfully, huskily, charmingly he thought, at her joke. “Yes,” he answered on a sudden impulse, “I was in the 35th Street jail.” “Yes, you were,” she scoffed. “That's the truth,” he insisted, “I was arrested.” Her face grew serious at once. “Go on. What did you do?” “I pushed somebody in the face.” Suddenly she began to laugh, at first with amusement and then immoderately. “It's a fact,” mumbled Stuart, “I almost got sent to prison account of it.” Setting her hand firmly over her mouth Edna turned away from him and retired to the refuge of the kitchen. A little later, when he was pretending to be busy at the accounts, he saw her retailing the story to the two other girls. The night wore on. The little man in the grayish suit with the grayish face attracted no more attention from the customers than the whirring electric fan over his head. They gave him their money and his hand slid their change into a little hollow in the marble counter. But to Charles Stuart the hours of this night, this last night, began to assume a quality of romance. The slow routine of a hundred other nights unrolled with a new enchantment before his eyes. Midnight was always a sort of a dividing point—after that the intimate part of the evening began. Fewer people came in, and the ones that did seemed depressed and tired: a casual ragged man for coffee, the beggar from the street corner who ate a heavy meal of cakes and a beefsteak, a few nightbound street-women and a watchman with a red face who exchanged warning phrases with him about his health. Midnight seemed to come early tonight and business was brisk until after one. When Edna began to fold napkins at a nearby table he was tempted to ask her if she too had not found the night unusually short. Vainly he wished that he might impress himself on her in some way, make some remark to her, some sign of his devotion that she would remember forever. She finished folding the vast pile of napkins, loaded it onto the stand and bore it away, humming to herself. A few minutes later the door opened and two customers came in. He recognized them immediately, and as he did so a flush of jealousy went over him. One of them, a young man in a handsome brown suit, cut away rakishly from his abdomen, had been a frequent visitor for the last ten days. He came in always at about this hour, sat down at one of Edna's tables, and drank two cups of coffee with lingering ease. On his last two visits he had been accompanied by his present companion, a swarthy Greek with sour eyes who ordered in a loud voice and gave vent to noisy sarcasm when anything was not to his taste. It was chiefly the young man, though, who annoyed Charles Stuart. The young man's eyes followed Edna wherever she went, and on his last two visits he had made unnecessary requests in order to bring her more often to his table. “Good evening, girlie,” Stuart heard him say to-night. “How's tricks?” “O.K.,” answered Edna formally. “What'll it be?” “What have you?” smiled the young man. “Everything, eh? Well, what'd you recommend?” Edna did not answer. Her eyes were staring straight over his head into some invisible distance. He ordered finally at the urging of his companion. Edna withdrew and Stuart saw the young man turn and whisper to his friend, indicating Edna with his head. Stuart shifted uncomfortably in his seat. He hated that young man and wished passionately that he would go away. It seemed as if his last night here, his last chance to watch Edna, and perhaps even in some blessed moment to talk to her a little, was marred by every moment this man stayed. Half a dozen more people had drifted into the restaurant—two or three workmen, the newsdealer from over the way—and Edna was too busy for a few minutes to be bothered with attentions. Suddenly Charles Stuart became aware that the sour-eyed Greek had raised his hand and was beckoning him. Somewhat puzzled he left his desk and approached the table. “Say, fella,” said the Greek, “what time does the boss come in?” “Why—two o'clock. Just a few minutes now.” “All right. That's all. I just wanted to speak to him about something.” Stuart realized that Edna was standing beside the table; both men turned toward her. “Say, girlie,” said the young man, “I want to talk to you. Sit down.” “Sure you can. The boss don't mind.” He turned menacingly to Stuart. “She can sit down, can't she?” Stuart did not answer. “I say she can sit down, can't she?” said the young man more intently, and added, “Speak up, you little dummy.” Still Stuart did not answer. Strange blood currents were flowing all over his body. He was frightened; anything said determinedly had a way of frightening him. But he could not move. “Sh!” said the Greek to his companion. But the younger man was angered. “Say,” he broke out, “some time somebody's going to take a paste at you when you don't answer what they say. Go on back to your desk!” Still Stuart did not move. “Go on away!” repeated the young man in a dangerous voice. “Hurry up! Run!” Then Stuart ran. He ran as hard as he was able. But instead of running away from the young man he ran toward him, stretching out his hands as he came near in a sort of straight arm that brought his two palms, with all the force of his hundred and thirty pounds, against his victim's face. With a crash of china the young man went over backward in his chair and, his head striking the edge of the next table, lay motionless on the floor. The restaurant was in a small uproar. There was a terrified scream from Edna, an indignant protest from the Greek, and the customers arose with exclamations from their tables. Just at this moment the door opened and Mr. Cushmael came in. “Why you little fool!” cried Edna wrathfully. “What are you trying to do? Lose me my job?” “What's this?” demanded Mr. Cushmael, hurrying over. “What's the idea?” “Mr. Stuart pushed a customer in the face!” cried a waitress, taking Edna's cue. “For no reason at all!” The population of the restaurant had now gathered around the prostrate victim. He was doused thoroughly with water and a folded tablecloth was placed under his head. “Oh, he did, did he?” shouted Mr. Cushmael in a terrible voice, seizing Stuart by the lapels of his coat. “He's raving crazy!” sobbed Edna. “He was in jail last night for pushing a lady in the face. He told me so himself!” A large laborer reached over and grasped Stuart's small trembling arm. Stuart gazed around dumbly. His mouth was quivering. “Look what you done!” shouted Mr. Cushmael. “You like to kill a man.” Stuart shivered violently. His mouth opened and he fought the air for a moment. Then he uttered a half-articulate sentence: “Only meant to push him in the face.” “Push him in the face?” ejaculated Cushmael in a frenzy. “So you got to be a pusher-in-the-face, eh? Well, we'll push your face right into jail!” “I—I couldn't help it,” gasped Stuart. “Sometimes I can't help it.” His voice rose unevenly. “I guess I'm a dangerous man and you better take me and lock me up!” He turned wildly to Cushmael, “I'd push you in the face if he'd let go my arm. Yes, I would! I'd push you—right-in-the-face!” For a moment an astonished silence fell, broken by the voice of one of the waitresses who had been groping under the table. “Some stuff dropped out of this fella's back pocket when he tipped over,” she explained, getting to her feet. “It's—why, it's a revolver and—” She had been about to say handkerchief, but as she looked at what she was holding her mouth fell open and she dropped the thing quickly on the table. It was a small black mask about the size of her hand. Simultaneously the Greek, who had been shifting uneasily upon his feet ever since the accident, seemed to remember an important engagement that had slipped his mind. He dashed suddenly around the table and made for the front door, but it opened just at that moment to admit several customers who, at the cry of “Stop him!” obligingly spread out their arms. Barred in that direction, he jumped an overturned chair, vaulted over the delicatessen counter, and set out for the kitchen, collapsing precipitately in the firm grasp of the chef in the doorway. “Hold him! Hold him!” screamed Mr. Cushmael, realizing the turn of the situation. “They're after my cash drawer!” Willing hands assisted the Greek over the counter, where he stood panting and gasping under two dozen excited eyes. “After my money, hey?” shouted the proprietor, shaking his fist under the captive's nose. The stout man nodded, panting. “We'd of got it too!” he gasped, “if it hadn't been for that little pusher-in-the-face.” Two dozen eyes looked around eagerly. The little pusher-in-the-face had disappeared. The beggar on the corner had just decided to tip the policeman and shut up shop for the night when he suddenly felt a small, somewhat excited hand fall on his shoulder. “Help a poor man get a place to sleep—” he was beginning automatically when he recognized the little cashier from the restaurant. “Hello, brother,” he added, leering up at him and changing his tone. “You know what?” cried the little cashier in a strangely ominous tone. “I'm going to push you in the face!” “What do you mean?” snarled the beggar. “Why, you Ga—” He got no farther. The little man seemed to run at him suddenly, holding out his hands, and there was a sharp, smacking sound as the beggar came in contact with the sidewalk. “You're a fakir!” shouted Charles Stuart wildly. “I gave you a dollar when I first came here, before I found out you had ten times as much as I had. And you never gave it back!” A stout, faintly intoxicated gentlemen who was strutting expansively along the other sidewalk had seen the incident and came running benevolently across the street. “What does this mean!” he exclaimed in a hearty, shocked voice. “Why, poor fellow—” He turned indignant eyes on Charles Stuart and knelt unsteadily to raise the beggar. The beggar stopped cursing and assumed a piteous whine. “I'm a poor man, Cap'n—” “This is—this is horrible!” cried the Samaritan, with tears in his eyes. “It's a disgrace! Police! Pol—!” He got no farther. His hands, which he was raising for a megaphone, never reached his face—other hands reached his face, however, hands held stiffly out from a one-hundred-and-thirty-pound body! He sank down suddenly upon the beggar's abdomen, forcing out a sharp curse which faded into a groan. “This beggar'll take you home in his car!” shouted the little man who stood over him. “He's got it parked around the corner.” Turning his face toward the hot strip of sky which lowered over the city the little man began to laugh, with amusement at first, then loudly and triumphantly until his high laughter ran out in the quiet street with a weird, elfish sound, echoing up the sides of the tall buildings, growing shriller and shriller until people blocks away heard its eerie cadence on the air and stopped to listen. Still laughing the little man divested himself of his coat and then of his vest and hurriedly freed his neck of tie and collar. Then he spat upon his hands and with a wild, shrill, exultant cry began to run down the dark street. He was going to clean up New York, and his first objective was the disagreeable policeman on the corner! They caught him at two o'clock, and the crowd which had joined in the chase were flabbergasted when they found that the ruffian was only a weeping little man in his shirt sleeves. Someone at the station house was wise enough to give him an opiate instead of a padded cell, and in the morning he felt much better. Mr. Cushmael, accompanied by an anxious young lady with crimson hair, called at the jail before noon. “I'll get you out,” cried Mr. Cushmael, shaking hands excitedly through the bars. “One policeman, he'll explain it all to the other.” “And there's a surprise for you too,” added Edna softly, taking his other hand. “Mr. Cushmael's got a big heart and he's going to make you his day man now.” “All right,” agreed Charles Stuart calmly. “But I can't start till to-morrow.” “Because this afternoon I got to go to a matinee—with a friend.” He relinquished his employer's hand but kept Edna's white fingers twined firmly in his. “One more thing,” he went on in a strong, confident voice that was new to him, “if you want to get me off don't have the case come up in the 35th Street court.” “Because,” he answered with a touch of swagger in his voice, “that's the judge I had when I was arrested last time.” “Charles,” whispered Edna suddenly, “what would you do if I refused to go with you this afternoon?” He bristled. Color came into his cheeks and he rose defiantly from his bench. “Never mind,” she said, flushing slightly. “You'd do nothing of the kind.” Written in Great Neck in March 1924. Also, the story was syndicated by the Metro Newspaper Service; it was included in The Cream of the Jug, a 1927 humor anthology; and it was made into a movie in 1929. This story reads like a movie scenario, and maybe it was intended as one. Published in Woman's Home Companion magazine (February 1925). Illustrations by Herbert Paus. The story was syndicated and re-published several times: for example, in The Golden Book magazine (February 1928), and in The Scholastic magazine (April 12, 1930).

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Are you looking for a list of fun things to do in St. Petersburg, Florida? We have you covered! While St. Petersburg or “St. Pete” is known as the Sunshine City, there are more than just beaches to see here! Located between Tampa Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is a quick drive from Tampa or Clearwater! From hidden gardens, museums, murals, restaurants, and breweries there is something for everyone on our list of things to do in St. Petersburg, FL! 17 Best Things To Do In St Petersburg FL You Shouldn’t Miss St. Petersburg Sunken Gardens The Sunken Gardens are a hidden tropical oasis located in old Northwest St. Petersburg. Open Monday through Saturday from 10 am to 4:30 pm and on Sunday 12 pm to 4:30 pm. Admission is $12 adult, but they often run specials on Groupon, so keep an eye out! For those living in the area, they have annual family passes for $100! Sunken Gardens made our list, as it is one of the best things to do in St. Petersburg, Florida. At 100 years old it is the oldest living museum in St. Pete, and also the last authentic roadside attraction. The Sunken Gardens is home to over 50,000 plants! The ADA-accessible paths wind through waterfalls, tropical environments, bird habitats, and flamingos! There is plenty of shade in the gardens so this is a great activity if you don’t know what to do in St. Pete during the summer. Murals and Street Art, St.Petersburg If you are looking for free things to do in St. Pete, try walking around the 600 block of Central Avenue. It has over 90 street art murals to admire. Staring in 2014, St. Pete embraced the artistic culture of the city. Every year the two-week Shine festival, held in October, gives local, national, and international artists the opportunity to paint murals. This year over 26 new murals were added to the 90 already located in St. Pete. One of the more popular murals in downtown St. Petersburg is the Black Lives Matter mural outside the Carter G. Woodson African American Museum. In the warehouse arts district, you have several “Sunshine on My Mind” murals as St. Pete is the sunshine capital! From ocean themes to feelings, to retro, portrait, and pride these colorful murals provide a great free, outdoor thing to do in St. Pete! If you’re looking for somewhere just as unique to stay, try our suggestion of a tiny house oasis. St. Pete is home to the largest Salvador Dali collection outside of Europe. If you’re looking for an art museum, add this one to your list of best things to do in St. Petersburg! The museum opened in 2011, and most of the collection belonged to the Morse family who donated it in 1982. The Dali Museum is home to over 2000 works, ranging throughout every period of Dali’s life. The collection contains drawings, sculptures, photos, documents, and oil paintings. This includes 8 out of 18 Dali masterworks. The museum itself is also a work of art with a glass dome known as the “enigma” and a spiral staircase leading to the roof! The museum is $25 and is open Wednesday through Sunday from 11 am to 6 pm. Specially priced tickets are available Thursday 5 pm – 8 pm for $12.50. You can tour the museum digitally as well. If you’re looking for free things to do in St. Petersburg, the museum gardens are always free! Don CeSar Hotel Built in 1928, the Don CeSar Hotel is known as the “pink palace”. Add visiting this luxurious hotel to your list of the best things to do in St. Petersburg, Florida. For those interested in using the pool, beach, fitness center, restrooms and showers you can buy a day pass for $40 to make use of the facilities and beach! If you’re looking to stay, the hotel has 241 rooms starting at $279 a night. This is the place to stay in St. Pete, Florida if you’re looking for total luxury and relaxation. Once the playground of the wealthy elite during the Jazz Age, Fitzgerald, Al Capone, and Franklin Roosevelt are all past guests. During World War II the hotel became a military hospital, and later a Veteran’s administration office. It officially reopened in 1973 as a hotel. For those looking for a bite to eat, try Uncle Andy’s Ice Cream Parlor and the Sea Porch Café. Or for upscale dining, try Maritana and the Row Bar. If relaxing poolside, try the Beachcombers Bar and Grill! Chihuly Collection Museum The Chihuly Museum opened in 2010 and houses the works of Dale Chihuly, a pioneer of the glass art movement. If you are downtown and looking for fun things to do in St. Petersburg make sure this is one of your stops! Open from 10 am to 5 pm Monday through Saturday and 12 pm to 5 pm on Sunday, admission is $20, or included if purchasing a Tampa City Pass. You can also purchase a St. Pete Art Experience ticket for admission to the Morean Art Museums as well. Chihuly is known for his large-scale, colorful sculptures blown from glass, such as Ruby Red Icicle Chandelier hanging in the lobby. His work has been seen in museums such as the Louvre, Chihuly Over Venice, and Chihuly in Jerusalem! Skyway Fishing Pier For those who like to fish, one of best things to do in St. Petersburg is to visit the Skyway Fishing Pier! This state park located at the mouth of Tampa Bay is home to a fishing pier that spans the entire length of the bridge. Open 24 hours, 7 days a week, this bridge is lit up at night for fishing, has concessions, a restroom, and a bait shop. Snook, grouper, mackerel, snapper, and sea bass are all popular catches due to the 65 artificial reefs off the bridge. The history of the pier dates back to 1980 when a freighter collided with the bridge and collapsed pilings of the old Sunshine Skyway Bridge. When being rebuilt it was decided that the old bridge was to be used as a fishing pier. The pier opened in 1994, spanning 4 miles, and it became the largest fishing pier in the world! There are two entrances to the bridge, the North and South Pier. It is also, popular with bird watchers, kiteboarders, kayakers, and windsurfers! The St. Pete Pier The new St. Pete Pier is another of the great, free things to do in St. Petersburg. It is not just a pier but a new attraction on the waterfront! You can bike, swim, dine, and be entertained at numerous venues. If you’re looking for educational things to do in St. Petersburg with kids, the St. Pete pier is home to the Tampa Bay Watch: an interactive classroom experience providing education on how to restore the Tampa Bay Estuary! For those looking to dine, the Pier Port has three restaurants: an upscale restaurant, a rooftop bar, and a casual café. For Caribbean fare and a lively atmosphere head to Doc Ford’s Rum Bar! The Vinoy Hotel The Vinoy is a Mediterranean-style hotel owned by Marriott Group, located in downtown Saint Petersburg. It’s a perfect place to stay if you’re looking for a weekend escape, as it is near St. Petersburg attractions such as theDali, Chihuly, and Fine Arts Museums. Tons of restaurants and shops are a short walk away. For those looking for recreational things to do in St. Petersburg, you can charter a boat from the marina or play a round of golf! Built in 1925 by Aymer Vinoy Laughner, the hotel has seen famous guests such as Babe Ruth and Herbert Hoover. During World War II, it was used as an army training school. The Vinoy closed from 1970 to 1990, and finally reopened in 1993. A great thing to do in St. Pete is to visit the lobby bar for live music and drinks! The hotel is home to Paul’s Landing, a local seafood and smoked meats restaurant, and Marchand’s Bar and Grill the hotel’s signature restaurant! Or try the St. Pete location of Datz for one of the Tampa Bay area’s most popular breakfast and brunch spots! Florida Holocaust Museum The Florida Holocaust Museum was opened by philanthropist Walter Loebenberg in 1998 in memory of those who lost their lives during the Holocaust. This museum makes our list of the best things to do in St. Petersburg, as the museum’s goal is to teach about the worth of all human lives regardless of gender, skin color, race, or culture. Loebenberg escaped Nazi-occupied Germany in 1939 and later served in the US Army during World War II. The museum is credited with helping pass Florida legislature in 1994 for Holocaust history to be taught in schools. The museum is open daily from 10 am to 4 pm. Tickets are $16 but are free for the US Military, USF students, and children under 6. There is a docent-led tour of the first floor on Saturdays at 1:30, and the Anne Frank virtual tour is included with all ticket purchases. The “History, Heritage and Hope” exhibit houses original photographs, videos, and a boxcar used during the Holocaust. The Holocaust Museum’s mission statement is ‘to empower people to make positive changes in the world’! It is home to the largest library of genocide and Holocaust documents in the United States. Fort De Soto For those interested in history, Fort de Soto should be on your list of best things to do in St. Petersburg, FL. The fort dates back to the Civil War when it was used to block Tampa Bay. Named after the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto, it was completed in 1900 and abandoned 23 years later. During WWII it was used as a bombing range, and in 1962 was opened once again as a public park. If museums are on your list of free things to do in St. Petersburg, check out the Quartermaster’s Museum, which does a great job of explaining the history of the fort. You can even explore a battery, and for those willing to climb the stairs you’ll be rewarded with a view of the gulf! Open 7 days a week, from 7 am until dark, the entrance is free, but there is a $5 parking fee. After you’ve explored Fort de Soto, you can then visit the other nearby beaches. The Cider Press Café The Cider Press Café makes our list of the best things to do in St. Petersburg as it is one of the best restaurants in St. Pete! This Asian-inspired eatery in downtown St. Pete focuses on farm-fresh ingredients and is open daily from 12pm to 8 pm. The restaurant’s focus is on “veganista” or someone who loves plant-based foods! Open for 5 years, they have an award-winning menu of delicious vegan options. Standouts on the menu include bang bang shrimp, cauliflower bites, bahn-mi made with grilled seitan, ghost bean burger, avocado BLT, buffalo chick’n, and mac n’cheese. For those visiting with families or friends, they offer several family-style meals that serve four people, such as stuffed peppers, or shepherd’s pie! Kombucha and a wide variety of hard ciders are also on the menu. The Cider Press Café is a great lunch spot after exploring the murals or museums in downtown Saint Petersburg. Morean Arts Center The Morean Arts Center should be on your list of things to do in St. Petersburg Florida as the art gallery is free and open to the public. It is open Monday through Saturday from 10 am to 5 pm and Sunday from 12 pm to 5 pm. Founded in 1917 as the Art Club of St. Pete, the Morean Arts Center is home to the Art Gallery, Chihuly Museum, the Morean Center for Clay, the Bank of America Children Learning Center, and the Moran Glass Studio. If you’re looking for interesting things to do in St. Pete, try a glassblowing class at the Moran Glass Studio, or stop in for a local demonstration Wednesday through Saturday from 10 am to 2 pm. Or you could try a hands-on class at the Morean Center for Clay, open Tuesday through Saturday. There are 42 resident clay artists working at the museum, which is home to the largest pottery studio in the South. The Bank of America Children’s Learning Center hosts story and art time on Saturday mornings. The Moran Arts Center holds many affordable classes and workshops open to the community. Reduced admission for those on EBT or WIC admission to the museum is only $3! And first responders and medical workers and their families are $5! Boyd Hill Nature Preserve If you are looking for outdoor things to do in St. Petersburg, visit the Boyd Hill Nature Preserve. It is a 245-acre protected preserve in St. Pete located on Lake Maggiore. Open Tuesday through Friday 9 am to 6 pm and Saturday 7 am to 6 pm, facilities include water fountains, restrooms, picnic tables, playgrounds, and kayak rentals. Entrance costs $3 for adults and $1.50 for children. There are 3 miles of trails, many of which are ADA friendly, but a tram tour does run at 1 pm, and on Saturday 10 am and 1 pm for $5 adult and $3 children. The nature preserve is home to a bird of prey aviary for permanently injured birds now taken care of by park staff. At the nature preserve, you will see different ecosystems, from the marsh, swamp, pine flat woods, hammock, and sand scrub. 3 Daughters Brewing Started in 2013 by Mike and Ty, 3 Daughters got its name from the owners asking how many beers they would have to sell to send three daughters to college. 3 Daughters Brewing made our list of best things to do in St. Petersburg Florida for those who want to visit a family-friendly brewery! In 2013, the first beer was brewed after trying to make beer-battered fish, and it quickly outsold every other beer offered. The brewery is one of the largest independent breweries in Florida. Plus it’s home to the only seltzer made in Florida! With a family-friendly environment, the brewery is home to live music and events, a tasting room, food trucks, and games. 3 Daughters Brewing offers a brewery tour for those wanting a behind-the-scenes look at the brewery and has 60 beers on tap. St Pete Beach Voted one of the best beaches in the US, it would impossible to visit St. Petersburg and not visit St. Pete Beach. Known for its white sands and stunning sunsets, St. Pete Beach is one of the best things to do in St. Petersburg. Play in the emerald shallows, comb for shells or relax on the wonderfully clean, soft sand. The more adventurous folks may choose to kayak, windsurf, or parasail. The water at St. Pete Beach is always kept warm by breezes coming in from the gulf. Restrooms are available at St. Pete Beach, and chairs and cabanas can be rented. However, be sure to pack your own lunch, as there isn’t food for sale on the beach itself. Park & Rec DTSP If you’re looking for a fun date night, one of the best things to do in St. Petersburg is to visit Park & Rec. This lively bar will fill you with nostalgia for the 90s as you play arcade games and drink a creative cocktail out of a Capri-sun-like pouch. Their motto is “youth has no age”, so let yourself feel like a kid again. With both an indoor and outdoor section, you’ll be sure to have a blast playing pinball, cornhole, skee ball, giant Jenga, and giant beer pong. Or simply challenge your date to a game of pool. Meanwhile, snack on pizza, burgers, or fried Oreos. A fun place to visit either day or night, Park & Rec is located in downtown St. Pete. It may soon become one of your favorite bars in St. Petersburg. (They have a Tampa location as well!) For a more romantic date, one of the best things to do in St. Petersburg is to attend a show at the Mahaffey Theater. Performances at the Maffey Theater range from Broadway tours to pop and rock concerts, comedy shows, and classical music. Located inside the newly-renovated Duke Energy Center for the Arts, the Maffey Theater has more than 2,000 seats in an elegant, old-fashioned concert hall with European-style box seats, but with up-to-date acoustics. After the show, take your date for a stroll along the palm tree-lined waterfront, with views of Tampa Bay. On this list of things to do in St. Petersburg Florida, we have chosen the best the Sunshine City has to offer. From free things such as museums, outdoor murals, and piers to amazing museums and hotels that should be on any list of things to do in St. Petersburg Florida, we hope you enjoy! Did You Find This Post Helpful? If so, we would love to keep in touch! We enjoy seeing photos and comments about your experiences in Florida! You can follow us on Instagram and we will repost your photos on our feed and comment too! Just tag us at @floridatrippers and hashtag #floridatrippers. We can’t wait to see your travels!

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It’s recommended that you research local testing centers and consult health professionals to know the available services. Test Digestion Near Me – Walk In Clinic That Do STD Testing Near Me Getting digestion testing near you can offer several advantages and features that aid in identifying and addressing digestive problems effectively. Here are some of the principal benefits and features: 1. Diagnosis Accurate: Testing for digestion helps in a more precise diagnosis of digestive issues. It aids in identifying the root of the problem by studying various aspects of digestion. This includes enzyme deficiencies, gut microbiome issues, foods sensitivities, and malabsorption issues. 2. Customized Treatment: Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. Through identifying the specific digestive issues tests can allow healthcare professionals to develop specific treatment strategies. This customized approach assists in addressing the root causes of digestive issues, resulting in better and more targeted treatments. 3. Improved digestion health: Digestion testing in your area can improve your overall digestive health by uncovering any potential imbalances or abnormalities. Finding and addressing the problems can result in better digestion, nutrient absorption and digestive function, which could relieve symptoms such as bloating constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain. 4. Finding Food Sensitivities to Avoid: Digestive tests often include assessments of food sensitivities or intolerances. Finding specific foods that trigger digestive issues allows people to make informed decisions about diet and avoid or limit food items that trigger symptoms, leading to better overall health. 5. A Gut Microbiome Study: A lot of digestion tests include a comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome – the complex community of microorganisms living within the digestive tract. Knowing the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome could offer valuable information about digestive health, and could assist in implementing interventions such as probiotic supplementation or changes to diet to ensure a healthy microbiome. 6. Preventive Health Care: Diagestion tests are useful for preventive health care, even if you don’t have evident digestive symptoms. Finding potential issues early can allow for proactive intervention to prevent the development or progression of digestive disorders and ensuring longer-term digestion health. 7. The relief from chronic conditions People suffering from chronic digestive conditions like IBS, (IBS) or Crohn’s Disease or celiac disease tests for digestion can provide important information for managing their condition more efficiently. Identifying specific triggers and tailoring treatments can result in reduced symptoms and a better level of living. 8. 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It allows easy access to the testing center, making the procedure more convenient. 2. Timing: Prompt testing is crucial for tuberculosis (TB). By choosing a nearby testing centre, you can easily schedule an appointment and have your tests completed promptly. Early detection is vital for successful treatment and decreasing spreading the illness. 3. Know-how: Testing facilities often have highly skilled healthcare professionals who specialize in TB testing. They are educated in administering appropriate tests, interpreting results accurately, and offering the necessary advice. 4. Privacy: Choosing a close testing facility allows you to ensure confidentiality. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. If privacy is an issue then you should choose one where your personal information is secured, guaranteeing your privacy while protecting sensitive medical information. 5. Accessibility to resources Accessibility to Resources: Local testing centers typically have access to other resources related to TB like educational material, support groups or referrals for specialists if needed. These resources can help you increase your knowledge about the disease, and can provide support throughout your testing and treatment journey. 6. Follow-up Care: If your results from a TB test indicate the need for further examination or treatment having the test close to your facility simplifies the process of accessing follow-up care. This allows you to quickly talk to healthcare professionals to receive continuous monitoring and treatment should it be necessary. 7. Community Support: Selecting a nearby testing facility contributes to the community’s help and support for public health initiatives. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. By taking a test in a local location, you actively contribute to preventing spreading TB within your locality as well as protecting the health of people around you. Thyroid Testing Near Me – Walk In Clinic That Do STD Testing Near Me A thyroid test near you can provide many benefits and advantages: 1. Thyroid testing is a reliable method of diagnosis. aids in the diagnosis of thyroid problems. It analyzes the levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your blood, allowing healthcare experts to evaluate the function of your thyroid gland. 2. Early identification of Disorders Thyroid-related disorders such as hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism, can have subtle symptoms or initially present with non-specific symptoms. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. Thyroid tests can help in the early detection of these conditions which allows for prompt intervention and management. 3. Personalized Treatment: The results of thyroid testing can provide valuable data to your healthcare professional, enabling them to tailor treatment plans that are specifically tailored to the needs of your. It doesn’t matter if it’s hormone replacement treatment for hypothyroidism or anti thyroid medication for hyperthyroidism, a customized treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve your overall health. 4. The monitoring of thyroid health is essential for people already identified with thyroid condition periodic thyroid tests are vital for evaluating the efficacy of treatment and maintaining optimal hormone levels. It permits healthcare specialists to make any necessary adjustments to medication dosages and ensure your thyroid function is maintained. 5. The process of identifying Autoimmune Conditions: Some thyroid diseases, like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’s disease can have autoimmune origins. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. Thyroid testing can aid in identifying these conditions by detecting specific antibodies related to thyroid conditions that cause autoimmune inflammation which can provide important information for accurate diagnosis and management. 6. Assessing Overall Health Thyroid function influences a range of organs and systems. Testing for thyroid can aid in assessing your overall health, since problems with thyroid hormones can alter energy levels, metabolism and weight, mood and cognitive. By assessing your thyroid function, your healthcare provider are able to identify the reasons behind your symptoms. 7. Preventive Health: In some circumstances, thyroid testing can be suggested as part of regular health checks particularly for people who have a family with a history of thyroid problems or for those who experience symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. The early detection of thyroid imbalances can help prevent problems and promote proactive management. 8. The peace of mind: If you are suffering from undiagnosed symptoms or issues regarding the thyroid, having it checked can give security. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. It allows you to verify or rule out thyroid issues, removing doubts and enabling you make the right decisions for your health. Gender Blood Test Near Me – Walk In Clinic That Do STD Testing Near Me Gender-specific blood tests, also known as genetic testing, or prenatal testing, may provide various features and benefits depending on the specific situation and the purpose. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. Here are some of the common features and benefits associated with gender blood testing: 1. Early identification of fetal gender Blood tests for gender will accurately determine that the gender of the embryo as soon as 8 weeks into pregnancy. This information can be valuable for parents expecting their child and help them plan and prepare for the future. 2. Non-invasive procedure: Gender Blood testing is usually a non-invasive procedure that involves only a single blood draw taken from the mother. This means that there is no need for more extensive procedures like amniocentesis and the chorionic villus sampling that carry a slight risk of complications. 3. High precision: Gender test results are renowned for its high accuracy rates typically exceeding 99%. This assurance can be a source of comfort for parents who wish to find out the gender of their baby. 4. Screening for genetic disorders: Some gender blood tests also screen for certain genetic disorders, like Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. These tests could provide further information on the condition of the foetus. 5. Reduction in stress and anxiety: For parents with an intense desire to know who they are with their baby the gender blood test will help ease the stress and anxiety that come with being uncertain. It helps them emotionally and mentally bond with their child early in the pregnancy. 6. Planning and preparation for the family Know the gender identity of baby will help families plan their family and preparation. Parents can choose gender-specific names, design nurseries, and even purchase clothes and other essentials in advance. 7. Emotional bonding and connection: Testing for gender can foster the bond between parents and the child who is yet to be born. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. It lets parents visualize and connect with their baby on a deeper basis as well as enhance the overall experience of pregnancy. 8. Cultural considerations and personal preferences Certain cultures’ gender can have a an important social or cultural significance. Blood tests for gender can help fulfill personal preferences or cultural expectations related to gender selection. If you are considering gender-based blood tests, it’s important to consult with healthcare professionals and genetic counselors to be aware of the options available, possible risks, as well any ethical or moral issues. Walk in clinic that do STD testing near me. They will provide you with personalized advice according to your individual circumstances and needs.

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2024-04-14T01:06:59Z

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L.L. Junior is a Hungarian singer, songwriter, and rapper. He is known for his unique style, which blends traditional Hungarian folk music with hip hop and R&B. L.L. Junior has been praised for his songwriting abilities and his ability to connect with his audience. He has won numerous awards, including the Fonogram Award for Album of the Year in 2015. He has also performed at major music festivals around the world. L.L. Junior is a role model for many young people in Hungary. He has shown that it is possible to be successful in the music industry while staying true to your roots. L.L. Junior, a Hungarian singer, songwriter, and rapper, has gained recognition for his fusion of traditional Hungarian folk music with hip hop and R&B. Here are ten key aspects that contribute to his unique style and impact: - Lyrical prowess: Known for his storytelling abilities and meaningful lyrics. - Musical versatility: Blends diverse genres, including hip hop, R&B, and folk. - Cultural bridge: Connects Hungarian traditions with contemporary music. - Authenticity: Stays true to his roots while embracing modern influences. - Fan connection: Resonates deeply with his audience through personal lyrics. - Award-winning: Recognized for his musical excellence with prestigious awards. - International presence: Performs at major music festivals worldwide. - Role model: Inspires young Hungarians to pursue their dreams. - Trendsetter: Influences the Hungarian music scene with his innovative style. - Cultural ambassador: Represents Hungarian music on a global stage. These aspects showcase L.L. Junior’s unique talent and his significant contributions to the music industry. His ability to fuse traditional and contemporary elements, connect with his audience, and achieve international recognition highlights his versatility and impact as a musician. L.L. Junior’s lyrical prowess is a cornerstone of his unique style, captivating audiences with his storytelling abilities and meaningful lyrics. He deftly weaves personal narratives, social commentary, and cultural references into his songs, creating a deeply resonant connection with his listeners. - Storytelling mastery: L.L. Junior’s lyrics often resemble miniature tales, drawing listeners into vivid narratives with relatable characters and compelling plotlines. His ability to craft immersive stories through his music sets him apart as a master storyteller. - Emotional depth: L.L. Junior’s lyrics delve into the depths of human emotion, exploring themes of love, loss, hope, and struggle. His songs resonate with listeners on a personal level, evoking a wide range of emotions and leaving a lasting impact. - Cultural commentary: L.L. Junior’s lyrics frequently touch upon social issues and cultural observations. He uses his music as a platform to address important topics, raising awareness and sparking conversations about relevant matters. - Lyrical craftsmanship: Beyond their thematic depth, L.L. Junior’s lyrics are also notable for their technical skill. He employs clever wordplay, intricate rhyme schemes, and evocative imagery to create a rich and engaging listening experience. L.L. Junior’s lyrical prowess extends beyond mere technical proficiency; it is a powerful tool through which he connects with his audience, conveys messages, and leaves an indelible mark on the Hungarian music scene. L.L. Junior’s musical versatility is a defining characteristic of his unique style, as he seamlessly blends diverse genres, including hip hop, R&B, and folk, to create a captivating and distinctive sound. - Genre fusion: L.L. Junior effortlessly combines elements from hip hop, R&B, and folk, creating a genre-bending sound that defies categorization. His music incorporates the rhythmic drive of hip hop, the soulful melodies of R&B, and the traditional instrumentation of folk, resulting in a fresh and innovative musical experience. - Cultural bridge: Through his genre fusion, L.L. Junior serves as a cultural bridge, connecting the traditional sounds of Hungarian folk music with the contemporary rhythms of hip hop and R&B. His music transcends cultural boundaries, appealing to a diverse audience and fostering a greater appreciation for both traditional and modern musical styles. - Artistic expression: L.L. Junior’s musical versatility allows him to express himself fully as an artist. Unbound by the confines of a single genre, heexplores different musical landscapes, experimenting with various sounds and styles to create a rich and diverse body of work. - Audience engagement: By blending diverse genres, L.L. Junior appeals to a wider audience, capturing the attention of listeners from different musical backgrounds. His versatile style ensures that there is something for everyone, making his music accessible and enjoyable to a broad spectrum of listeners. In conclusion, L.L. Junior’s musical versatility is not merely a technical skill; it is an intrinsic part of his artistic identity. Through his genre-bending approach, he creates a unique and captivating sound that defies categorization, connects cultures, and resonates with a diverse audience. L.L. Junior’s role as a cultural bridge is a significant aspect of his unique style and impact. He deftly blends traditional Hungarian folk music with contemporary hip hop and R&B, creating a sound that resonates with audiences both in Hungary and beyond. - Embracing Hungarian heritage: L.L. Junior is deeply rooted in Hungarian culture and traditions. He incorporates elements of folk music into his songs, such as traditional melodies, rhythms, and instrumentation, paying homage to his cultural heritage while creating a contemporary and accessible sound. - Modernizing folk music: By fusing folk music with hip hop and R&B, L.L. Junior revitalizes and modernizes traditional Hungarian music, making it relevant to younger generations and a broader audience. His music introduces folk elements to a new context, broadening its appeal and ensuring its continued relevance in the contemporary music landscape. - Cultural exchange: L.L. Junior’s music serves as a cultural exchange, introducing Hungarian folk music to a global audience. Through his performances and recordings, he shares the richness and diversity of Hungarian culture with listeners around the world, fostering a greater appreciation for its musical traditions. - Preserving cultural identity: L.L. Junior’s music contributes to the preservation of Hungarian cultural identity. By incorporating traditional elements into his contemporary sound, he helps to ensure that Hungarian folk music remains a vibrant and integral part of the country’s cultural heritage. In conclusion, L.L. Junior’s role as a cultural bridge is multifaceted, encompassing the embrace of Hungarian heritage, the modernization of folk music, the facilitation of cultural exchange, and the preservation of cultural identity. Through his unique blend of traditional and contemporary music, he connects Hungarian traditions with contemporary culture, creating a sound that resonates with audiences both at home and abroad. Authenticity is a cornerstone of L.L. Junior’s unique style, as he seamlessly blends traditional Hungarian folk music with contemporary hip hop and R&B while remaining true to his cultural roots. This authenticity manifests in several ways: – Preservation of traditional elements: L.L. Junior incorporates traditional Hungarian folk melodies, rhythms, and instrumentation into his songs, ensuring that these elements remain an integral part of his music. By doing so, he not only preserves Hungarian musical heritage but also infuses his contemporary sound with a unique and recognizable character. – Lyrical connection to Hungarian culture: L.L. Junior’s lyrics often draw inspiration from Hungarian folklore, history, and personal experiences, creating a strong connection to his cultural background. His songs frequently explore themes of national pride, cultural identity, and the Hungarian spirit. – Collaboration with traditional musicians: L.L. Junior frequently collaborates with traditional Hungarian folk musicians, blending their expertise with his contemporary approach. These collaborations showcase the fusion of traditional and modern elements, highlighting the authenticity and diversity of Hungarian music. – Live performances: L.L. Junior’s live performances are known for their energy and authenticity, as he interacts with the audience and shares stories about his music and Hungarian culture. These performances create a personal connection between the artist and his fans, further solidifying his reputation as an authentic and genuine performer. L.L. Junior’s authenticity is not merely a marketing strategy; it is a reflection of his deep connection to his Hungarian heritage and his commitment to preserving and promoting Hungarian culture. By staying true to his roots while embracing modern influences, he creates a unique and captivating sound that resonates with audiences both in Hungary and beyond. L.L. Junior’s ability to connect with his audience through personal lyrics is a cornerstone of his unique style and impact. His lyrics often draw inspiration from his own life experiences, emotions, and observations, creating a sense of authenticity and relatability that resonates deeply with listeners. One of the key factors contributing to L.L. Junior’s fan connection is his vulnerability and honesty in his lyrics. He does not shy away from sharing his personal struggles, triumphs, and emotions, making his music a powerful vessel for self-expression and emotional catharsis. This vulnerability allows listeners to connect with him on a personal level, seeing themselves reflected in his lyrics and finding solace in his words. Moreover, L.L. Junior’s lyrics often explore universal themes and experiences, such as love, loss, hope, and resilience. By tapping into these shared human emotions, he creates a sense of commonality among his listeners, fostering a sense of community and belonging. His ability to articulate these emotions in a relatable and poignant way makes his music a source of comfort, inspiration, and strength for many. The fan connection L.L. Junior has established through his personal lyrics is not merely a marketing strategy; it is a testament to his genuine desire to connect with his audience and create a meaningful impact through his music. By sharing his personal experiences and emotions, he invites listeners into his world, creating a bond that transcends the boundaries of artist and fan. In conclusion, L.L. Junior’s ability to resonate deeply with his audience through personal lyrics is a defining characteristic of his unique style and impact. His vulnerability, honesty, and exploration of universal themes create a powerful connection that allows listeners to relate to his music on a personal level, finding comfort, inspiration, and a sense of community in his words. The prestigious awards L.L. Junior has received serve as a testament to his remarkable musical talent and artistry. These accolades not only recognize his exceptional abilities but also contribute significantly to his unique style and impact. Awards have played a pivotal role in L.L. Junior’s career, providing him with wider recognition and establishing his credibility as a leading figure in the Hungarian music industry. They have also been instrumental in showcasing his versatility and innovation, as he has been honored for his achievements across various musical genres, including hip hop, R&B, and folk. Moreover, these awards have helped to solidify L.L. Junior’s position as a cultural icon, representing Hungarian music on a global stage. Beyond their symbolic value, awards have also had a practical impact on L.L. Junior’s career. They have opened doors to new opportunities, such as collaborations with renowned artists, performances at prestigious events, and international recognition. The recognition and credibility associated with awards have also enabled L.L. Junior to expand his fan base and reach a wider audience, further solidifying his status as a musical force. In conclusion, the prestigious awards L.L. Junior has received are not merely accolades but integral components of his unique style and impact. They serve as a testament to his musical excellence, showcase his versatility and innovation, establish his credibility, and provide him with opportunities to expand his reach and connect with a global audience. L.L. Junior’s international presence is a significant aspect of his unique style and impact, as it allows him to showcase his musical talent on a global stage and connect with a diverse audience. By performing at major music festivals worldwide, L.L. Junior transcends national boundaries and establishes himself as an artist with global appeal. The international recognition L.L. Junior has gained through his performances at major music festivals has played a crucial role in shaping his unique style. It has exposed him to different musical influences, broadened his creative horizons, and provided him with opportunities to collaborate with renowned international artists. As a result, L.L. Junior’s music incorporates elements from various cultures, creating a unique blend that resonates with audiences worldwide. Moreover, L.L. Junior’s international presence has significantly contributed to his impact as a cultural ambassador for Hungarian music. By performing at major music festivals worldwide, he introduces Hungarian culture and traditions to a global audience, promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. His performances serve as a bridge between Hungary and the world, fostering a greater appreciation for Hungarian music and culture. In conclusion, L.L. Junior’s international presence, through his performances at major music festivals worldwide, is an integral part of his unique style and impact. It has allowed him to showcase his musical talent on a global stage, expand his creative horizons, and promote Hungarian culture internationally, solidifying his position as a leading figure in the global music scene. L.L. Junior’s role as a role model for young Hungarians is a significant aspect of his unique style and impact. Through his music, personal story, and public persona, he embodies the values of perseverance, authenticity, and cultural pride, inspiring young people to pursue their dreams and strive for success. - Overcoming Adversity: L.L. Junior’s journey from humble beginnings to musical stardom serves as a powerful example for young people facing challenges. His story demonstrates the importance of perseverance, hard work, and never giving up on one’s dreams. - Embracing Authenticity: L.L. Junior’s authenticity and genuine connection with his audience resonate with young Hungarians. He encourages them to embrace their individuality, stay true to themselves, and pursue their passions without conforming to societal expectations. - Cultural Pride: As a prominent figure in Hungarian music, L.L. Junior takes pride in his cultural heritage and promotes Hungarian traditions through his music. He inspires young Hungarians to appreciate their culture, language, and history, fostering a sense of national identity and belonging. - Social Responsibility: L.L. Junior actively engages in social initiatives and uses his platform to address important issues affecting young people, such as education, mental health, and social justice. He inspires young Hungarians to become active citizens and make a positive impact on their communities. In conclusion, L.L. Junior’s role as a role model for young Hungarians is deeply ingrained in his unique style and impact. Through his music, personal story, and public persona, he embodies the values of perseverance, authenticity, cultural pride, and social responsibility, inspiring young people to pursue their dreams, embrace their individuality, and make a positive contribution to society. L.L. Junior’s innovative musical style has established him as a trendsetter, influencing the Hungarian music scene in significant ways. His unique blend of traditional Hungarian folk music with contemporary hip hop and R&B has opened up new possibilities for musical expression, inspiring other Hungarian artists to explore similar fusions and experiment with diverse genres. L.L. Junior’s trendsetting influence is evident in the emergence of a new generation of Hungarian musicians who are incorporating elements of folk music into their contemporary productions. This trend has revitalized Hungarian folk music, making it more accessible and appealing to a wider audience. Moreover, L.L. Junior’s innovative approach has encouraged other Hungarian artists to explore their own cultural heritage and incorporate it into their music, fostering a greater sense of national identity and pride in the Hungarian music industry. Beyond Hungary, L.L. Junior’s trendsetting style has also gained international recognition. His music has been featured in international music festivals and collaborations, introducing Hungarian folk music to a global audience and inspiring artists from other cultures to explore similar fusions. L.L. Junior’s innovative approach has thus played a significant role in promoting Hungarian music on the world stage and establishing its unique place in the global music landscape. L.L. Junior is widely recognized as a cultural ambassador for Hungarian music on the global stage, showcasing the richness and diversity of his country’s musical heritage to international audiences. - Promoting Hungarian culture: L.L. Junior’s music and performances introduce Hungarian culture to a worldwide audience, fostering greater appreciation and understanding of its unique traditions and artistic expressions. - Breaking down cultural barriers: By blending Hungarian folk music with contemporary genres, L.L. Junior’s music transcends cultural boundaries, making it accessible and appealing to listeners from diverse backgrounds. - Inspiring global collaborations: L.L. Junior’s international presence has inspired collaborations with artists from around the world, creating a platform for cultural exchange and the fusion of different musical styles. - Preserving Hungarian musical heritage: Through his music, L.L. Junior helps to preserve and revitalize Hungarian folk music, ensuring its continued relevance in the contemporary music landscape. L.L. Junior’s role as a cultural ambassador is not merely symbolic; it has tangible impacts on the perception and appreciation of Hungarian music globally. His efforts contribute to cultural diplomacy, fostering mutual respect and understanding between Hungary and other nations. Frequently Asked Questions about L.L. Junior This section addresses common inquiries and misconceptions surrounding the Hungarian singer, songwriter, and rapper, L.L. Junior. Question 1: What is L.L. Junior’s unique musical style? L.L. Junior’s signature style blends traditional Hungarian folk music with contemporary hip hop and R&B, creating a unique and captivating sound that transcends genres. Question 2: How does L.L. Junior connect with his audience? L.L. Junior’s authentic and relatable lyrics, drawn from his personal experiences and observations, resonate deeply with his audience, creating a strong emotional connection. Question 3: What is the significance of L.L. Junior’s international presence? L.L. Junior’s performances at major music festivals worldwide showcase Hungarian music on a global stage, promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. Question 4: How does L.L. Junior contribute to Hungarian culture? L.L. Junior serves as a cultural ambassador, promoting Hungarian traditions and fostering national identity through his music, which incorporates elements of Hungarian folk heritage. Question 5: What is L.L. Junior’s impact on the Hungarian music industry? L.L. Junior’s innovative style has influenced a new generation of Hungarian musicians, inspiring them to explore fusions of traditional and contemporary genres. Question 6: What is L.L. Junior’s role as a role model? L.L. Junior’s journey from humble beginnings to musical success, coupled with his authenticity and cultural pride, serves as an inspiration to young Hungarians, encouraging them to pursue their dreams. These FAQs provide a deeper understanding of L.L. Junior’s unique style, impact on the music industry, and his significance as a cultural ambassador for Hungarian music. Transition to the next article section: L.L. Junior’s continued musical innovation and dedication to promoting Hungarian culture promise an exciting future for his career and the Hungarian music scene. Tips from L.L. Junior for Aspiring Musicians L.L. Junior, the renowned Hungarian singer, songwriter, and rapper, shares his valuable insights and practical advice for aspiring musicians seeking to navigate the music industry and achieve success. Tip 1: Authenticity and Originality Embrace your unique style and perspective. Avoid imitating others; instead, focus on developing your own distinct sound and message that resonates with your audience. Tip 2: Hard Work and Dedication Success in music requires unwavering commitment and effort. Practice regularly, hone your skills, and always strive for improvement. Remember that consistent hard work is the foundation of musical excellence. Tip 3: Embrace Collaboration Don’t hesitate to collaborate with other musicians, producers, and industry professionals. Collaboration fosters creativity, expands your network, and opens doors to new opportunities. Tip 4: Learn from Your Influences Study the music of artists you admire, analyze their techniques, and draw inspiration from their work. Understanding your influences will enrich your own musical knowledge and help you develop your style. Tip 5: Build a Strong Online Presence In today’s digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. Utilize social media platforms, streaming services, and your own website to connect with fans, promote your music, and build a loyal following. Tip 6: Network and Attend Industry Events Attend industry events, conferences, and workshops to meet other musicians, industry professionals, and potential collaborators. Networking is essential for building relationships and advancing your career. Tip 7: Stay Humble and Respectful Remember that success in music is not solely about talent but also about character. Treat others with humility and respect, from fans to fellow musicians and industry professionals. Tip 8: Be Patient and Persistent Building a successful music career takes time and effort. Don’t get discouraged by setbacks or rejections. Stay persistent, continue to improve your craft, and never give up on your dreams. In conclusion, these tips from L.L. Junior provide valuable guidance for aspiring musicians seeking to navigate the music industry. By embracing authenticity, working hard, collaborating with others, learning from influences, building a strong online presence, networking, staying humble, and being patient, musicians can increase their chances of success and make a meaningful impact in the world of music. L.L. Junior, the Hungarian singer, songwriter, and rapper, has captivated audiences with his unique blend of traditional Hungarian folk music and contemporary hip hop and R&B. His authenticity, versatility, and cultural pride have made him a role model for young Hungarians and a respected figure in the global music industry. L.L. Junior’s impact extends beyond his music; he is a cultural ambassador, promoting Hungarian traditions on a global stage and inspiring a new generation of musicians to explore their cultural heritage. His story serves as a reminder that with hard work, dedication, and a belief in oneself, dreams can become reality.

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2024-04-14T01:02:58Z

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Existing shareholder Philip Fayer is rolling over substantially all of his existing equity and existing shareholders Novacap and CDPQ are rolling over a majority of their existing equity - Nuvei, a global leader in payments, and Advent, a significant player in fintech private equity investing, join forces via all-cash transaction - Shareholders will receive US$34.00 per share in cash, which represents a premium of approximately 56% over Nuvei's unaffected closing share price of US$21.76 on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 15, 2024, and a premium of approximately 48% over Nuvei's 90-day volume weighted average trading price as of such date, valuing Nuvei at an enterprise value of approximately US$6.3 billion - Canadian shareholders Philip Fayer, Novacap and CDPQ will indirectly own or control approximately 24%, 18% and 12%, respectively, of the equity in the resulting private company as part of the agreement - Philip Fayer will continue to lead Nuvei as Chair and Chief Executive Officer, alongside his broader leadership team, with Montreal continuing to serve as Nuvei's headquarters MONTREAL, April 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Nuvei Corporation ("Nuvei" or the "Company") (Nasdaq: NVEI) (TSX: NVEI), today announced that it has entered into a definitive arrangement agreement (the "Arrangement Agreement") to be taken private by Advent International ("Advent"), one of the world's largest and most experienced global private equity investors, with the support of each of the Company's holders of multiple voting shares ("Multiple Voting Shares"), being Philip Fayer, certain investment funds managed by Novacap Management Inc. (collectively, "Novacap") and CDPQ, via an all-cash transaction which values Nuvei at an enterprise value of approximately US$6.3 billion. The Company will continue to be based in Montreal. One of the most advanced technology providers in the global payments industry, Nuvei accelerates the growth of its customers and partners around the world through a modular, flexible and scalable solution that enables leading companies across all verticals to accept next-gen payments, offer all payout options, and benefit from card issuing, banking, risk and fraud management services. Nuvei's global reach extends to more than 200 markets across the globe, with local acquiring in 50 markets and connectivity to 680 local and alternative payment methods. In its recent 2023 annual financial statements Nuvei announced that it had processed more than US$200 billion in Total volume2, and US$1.2 billion in revenue. Advent is a longstanding investor in the payments space. Nuvei will benefit from the significant resources, operational, and sector expertise, as well as the capacity for investment provided by Advent. Philip Fayer will remain Nuvei's Chair and Chief Executive Officer and will lead the business in all aspects of its operations. Nuvei's current leadership team will also continue following the conclusion of the transaction. Fayer commented on the announcement: "This transaction marks the beginning of an exciting new chapter for Nuvei, and we are glad to partner with Advent to continue to deliver for our customers and employees and capitalize on the significant opportunities that this investment provides." Fayer continued: "Our strategic initiatives have always focused on accelerating our customers revenue, driving innovation across our technology, and developing our people. Bringing in a partner with such extensive experience in the payments sector will continue to support our development." "Nuvei has created a differentiated global payments platform with an innovative product offering that serves attractive payments end markets like global eCommerce, B2B and embedded payments," said Bo Huang, a Managing Director at Advent. "Our deep expertise and experience in payments give us conviction in the opportunity to support Nuvei as it continues to scale from its base in Canada as a global player in the space. We look forward to collaborating closely with Nuvei to capitalize on emerging opportunities to help shape the future of the payments industry." "As an existing and long-term shareholder, we continue to stand behind management's proven dedication to innovation, efficiency, and market adaptation, which has consistently propelled Nuvei forward. With our continued support, we entrust management to navigate the evolving landscape adeptly, driving expansion, and delivering on our shared commitment to long-term growth for Nuvei employees and customers," said David Lewin, Senior Partner at Novacap. "Ever since our first investment in Nuvei in 2017, CDPQ is proud to have supported this Québec fintech leader at every stage of its growth, particularly through acquisitions on a global scale. We are delighted to accompany Nuvei once again as it embarks on this new chapter of its history, alongside recognized partners such as Advent, as well as existing shareholders Philip Fayer and Novacap," said Kim Thomassin, Executive Vice-President and Head of Québec at CDPQ. Advent will acquire all the issued and outstanding subordinate voting shares of Nuvei (the "Subordinate Voting Shares") and any Multiple Voting Shares that are not Rollover Shares (as defined below). These Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares (collectively, the "Shares") will each be acquired for a price of US$34.00 per Share, in cash. This price represents a premium of approximately 56% to the closing price of the Subordinate Voting Shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market ("Nasdaq") on March 15, 2024, the last trading day prior to media reports concerning a potential transaction involving the Company and a premium of approximately 48% to the 90-day volume weighted average trading price3 per Subordinate Voting Share as of such date. Philip Fayer, Novacap and CDPQ (together with entities they control directly or indirectly, collectively, the "Rollover Shareholders") have agreed to roll approximately 95%, 65% and 75%, respectively, of their Shares (the "Rollover Shares") and are expected to receive in aggregate approximately US$560 million in cash for the Shares sold on closing4. Philip Fayer, Novacap and CDPQ are expected to indirectly own or control approximately 24%, 18% and 12%, respectively, of the equity in the resulting private company. The proposed transaction has the support of each of the holders of Multiple Voting Shares, namely Philip Fayer, Novacap and CDPQ, who collectively represent approximately 92% of the voting power attached to all the Shares. Nuvei's Board of Directors, after receiving advice from the Company's financial advisor and outside legal counsel, is unanimously recommending (with interested directors abstaining from voting) that the Nuvei shareholders vote in favour of the transaction. This recommendation follows the unanimous recommendation of a special committee of the Board of Directors which is comprised solely of independent directors and was formed in connection with the transaction (the "Special Committee"). The Special Committee was advised by independent legal counsel and retained TD Securities Inc. ("TD") as financial advisor and independent valuator. Further Transaction Details The transaction will be implemented by way of a statutory plan of arrangement under the Canada Business Corporations Act. Implementation of the transaction will be subject to, among other things, the following shareholder approvals at a special meeting of shareholders to be held to approve the proposed transaction (the "Meeting"): (i) the approval of at least 66 2/3% of the votes cast by the holders of Multiple Voting Shares and Subordinate Voting Shares, voting together as a single class (with each Subordinate Voting Share being entitled to one vote and each Multiple Voting Share being entitled to ten votes); (ii) the approval of not less than a simple majority of the votes cast by holders of Multiple Voting Shares; (iii) the approval of not less than a simple majority of the votes cast by holders of Subordinate Voting Shares; (iv) if required, the approval of not less than a simple majority of the votes cast by holders of Multiple Voting Shares (excluding the Multiple Voting Shares held by the Rollover Shareholders and any other shares required to be excluded pursuant to Multilateral Instrument 61-101 - Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions ("MI 61-101"); and (v) the approval of not less than a simple majority of the votes cast by holders of Subordinate Voting Shares (excluding the Subordinate Voting Shares held by the Rollover Shareholders and any other shares required to be excluded pursuant to MI 61-101). The transaction is also subject to court approval and customary closing conditions, including receipt of key regulatory approvals, is not subject to any financing condition and, assuming the timely receipt of all required key regulatory approvals, is expected to close in late 2024 or the first quarter of 2025. The Arrangement Agreement provides for a non-solicitation covenant on the part of Nuvei, which is subject to customary "fiduciary out" provisions that enable Nuvei to terminate the Arrangement Agreement and accept a superior proposal in certain circumstances. A termination fee of US$150 million would be payable by Nuvei in certain circumstances, including in the context of a superior proposal supported by Nuvei. A reverse termination fee of US$250 million would be payable to Nuvei if the transaction is not completed in certain circumstances. In connection with the proposed transaction, each director and member of senior management of Nuvei and each Rollover Shareholder has entered into a customary support and voting agreement pursuant to which it has agreed, subject to the terms thereof, to support and vote all of their Shares in favour of the transaction. Consequently, holders of approximately 0.3% of the Subordinate Voting Shares and holders of 100% of the Multiple Voting Shares, representing approximately 92% of the total voting power attached to all of the Shares, have agreed to vote their Shares in favour of the transaction. Following completion of the transaction, it is expected that the Subordinate Voting Shares will be delisted from each of the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq and that Nuvei will cease to be a reporting issuer in all applicable Canadian jurisdictions and will deregister the Subordinate Voting Shares with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Fairness Opinions and Formal Valuation and Voting Recommendation The Arrangement Agreement was the result of a comprehensive negotiation process with Advent that was undertaken with the supervision and involvement of the Special Committee advised by independent and highly qualified legal and financial advisors. The Special Committee retained TD as financial advisor and independent valuator. In arriving at its unanimous recommendation in favour of the transaction, the Special Committee considered several factors which will be outlined in public filings to be made by Nuvei. These include a formal valuation report prepared by TD in accordance with MI 61-101 (the "Formal Valuation") and a fairness opinion rendered by TD. TD orally delivered to the Special Committee the results of the Formal Valuation, completed under the Special Committee's supervision, opining that, as of April 1, 2024, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications communicated to the Special Committee by TD and to be contained in TD's written Formal Valuation, the fair market value of the Shares is between US$33.00 and US$42.00 per Share. TD orally delivered a fairness opinion to the Special Committee to the effect that, as of April 1, 2024, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications communicated to the Special Committee, and to be contained in TD's written fairness opinion (the "TD Fairness Opinion"), the consideration to be received by shareholders (other than the Rollover Shareholders and any other shareholders required to be excluded pursuant to MI 61-101) pursuant to the Arrangement Agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to such shareholders. Barclays Capital Inc., financial advisor to the Company ("Barclays"), delivered a fairness opinion to the Board of Directors to the effect that, as of April 1, 2024, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications described therein, the consideration to be received by shareholders (other than the Rollover Shareholders in respect of the Rollover Shares) pursuant to the Arrangement Agreement and the Plan of Arrangement is fair, from a financial point of view, to such shareholders (together with the TD Fairness Opinion, the "Fairness Opinions"). The Board of Directors received the Fairness Opinions and the Formal Valuation and, after receiving the unanimous recommendation of the Special Committee and advice from the Company's financial advisor and outside legal counsel, the Board of Directors unanimously (with interested directors abstaining from voting) determined that the transaction is in the best interests of Nuvei and is fair to its shareholders (other than the Rollover Shareholders and any other shareholders required to be excluded pursuant to MI 61-101) and unanimously recommended (with interested directors abstaining from voting) that shareholders vote in favour of the transaction. Copies of the Formal Valuation and the Fairness Opinions, as well as additional details regarding the terms and conditions of the transaction and the rationale for the recommendation made by the Special Committee and the Board of Directors will be set out in the management proxy circular to be mailed to shareholders in connection with the Meeting and filed by the Company on its profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR as an exhibit to the Schedule 13E-3 Transaction Statement to be filed by Nuvei at www.sec.gov. Important Additional Information and Where to Find It In connection with the transaction, Nuvei intends to file relevant materials on its profile on SEDAR+ and with the SEC on EDGAR. Shareholders will be able to obtain these documents, as well as other filings containing information about Nuvei, the transaction and related matters, without charge from the SEDAR+ website at www.sedarplus.ca and from the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Barclays Capital Inc. acted as exclusive financial advisor to the Company, and TD Securities Inc. acted as independent valuator and financial advisor to the Special Committee. Stikeman Elliott LLP and Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP acted as legal advisors to the Company. Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP and Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP acted as legal advisors to the Special Committee. RBC Capital Markets acted as financial advisor to Advent, while Kirkland & Ellis LLP and Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP acted as legal advisors to Advent. BMO Capital Markets is acting as left lead arranger and administrative agent for the new US$600 million revolving credit facility and US$2,550 million term loan financing. Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP acted as legal advisor to Philip Fayer. Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP and Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP acted as legal advisors to Novacap. CIBC Capital Markets acted as financial advisor to CDPQ, and McCarthy Tétrault LLP and Mayer Brown LLP acted as its legal advisors. Early Warning Disclosure by Mr. Philip Fayer Further to the requirements of Regulation 62-104 respecting Take-Over Bids and Issuer Bids and Regulation 62-103 respecting the Early Warning System and Related Take-Over Bid and Insider Reporting Issues, Mr. Philip Fayer will file an amended early warning report in connection with his participation in the transaction as Rollover Shareholder and for which he has entered into a support and voting agreement pursuant to which he has agreed, subject to the terms thereof, to support and vote all of his Shares in favour of the transaction. A copy of Mr. Fayer's related early warning report will be filed with the applicable securities commissions and will be made available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca. Further information and a copy of the early warning report of Mr. Fayer may be obtained by contacting: Head of Investor Relations Nuvei (Nasdaq: NVEI) (TSX: NVEI) is the Canadian fintech company accelerating the business of clients around the world. Nuvei's modular, flexible and scalable technology allows leading companies to accept next-gen payments, offer all payout options and benefit from card issuing, banking, risk and fraud management services. Connecting businesses to their customers in more than 200 markets, with local acquiring in 50 markets, 150 currencies and 680 alternative payment methods, Nuvei provides the technology and insights for customers and partners to succeed locally and globally with one integration. About Advent International Founded in 1984, Advent International is one of the largest and most experienced global private equity investors. The firm has invested in over 415 private equity investments across more than 40 countries and regions, and as of September 30, 2023, had US$91 billion in assets under management. With 15 offices in 12 countries, Advent has established a globally integrated team of over 295 private equity investment professionals across North America, Europe, Latin America, and Asia. The firm focuses on investments in five core sectors, including business and financial services; health care; industrial; retail, consumer, and leisure; and technology. For 40 years, Advent has been dedicated to international investing and remains committed to partnering with management teams to deliver sustained revenue and earnings growth for its portfolio companies. For more information, visit: Leslie Shribman, Head of Communications Founded in 1981, Novacap is a leading North American private equity firm with over C$8B of AUM that has invested in more than 100 platform companies and completed more than 150 add-on acquisitions. Applying its sector-focused approach since 2007 in Industries, TMT, Financial Services, and Digital Infrastructure, Novacap's deep domain expertise can accelerate company growth and create long-term value. With experienced, dedicated investment and operations teams as well as substantial capital, Novacap has the resources and knowledge that help build world-class businesses. Novacap has offices in Montreal, Toronto, and New York. For more information, please visit www.novacap.ca. Marc P. Tellier, Senior Managing Director At CDPQ, we invest constructively to generate sustainable returns over the long term. As a global investment group managing funds for public pension and insurance plans, we work alongside our partners to build enterprises that drive performance and progress. We are active in the major financial markets, private equity, infrastructure, real estate and private debt. As at December 31, 2023, CDPQ's net assets totalled C$434 billion. For more information, visit cdpq.com, consult our LinkedIn or Instagram pages, or follow us on X. CDPQ is a registered trademark owned by Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and licensed for use by its subsidiaries. Kate Monfette, Media Relations This press release contains "forward-looking information" and "forward-looking statements" (collectively, "Forward-looking information") within the meaning of applicable securities laws. This forward-looking information is identified by the use of terms and phrases such as "may", "would", "should", "could", "expect", "intend", "estimate", "anticipate", "plan", "foresee", "believe", or "continue", the negative of these terms and similar terminology, including references to assumptions, although not all forward-looking information contains these terms and phrases. Particularly, statements regarding the proposed transaction, including the proposed timing and various steps contemplated in respect of the transaction and statements regarding the plans, objectives, and intentions of Mr. Philip Fayer, Novacap, CDPQ or Advent are forward-looking information. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, intentions, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances contain forward-looking information. Statements containing forward-looking information are not historical facts but instead represent management's expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events or circumstances. Forward-looking information is based on management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management, and although the forward-looking information contained herein is based upon what we believe are reasonable assumptions, investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on this information since actual results may vary from the forward-looking information. Forward-looking information involves known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those that are disclosed in or implied by such forward-looking information. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk factors described in greater detail under "Risk Factors" of the Company's annual information form filed on March 5, 2024. These risks and uncertainties further include (but are not limited to) as concerns the transaction, the failure of the parties to obtain the necessary shareholder, regulatory and court approvals or to otherwise satisfy the conditions to the completion of the transaction, failure of the parties to obtain such approvals or satisfy such conditions in a timely manner, significant transaction costs or unknown liabilities, failure to realize the expected benefits of the transaction, and general economic conditions. Failure to obtain the necessary shareholder, regulatory and court approvals, or the failure of the parties to otherwise satisfy the conditions to the completion of the transaction or to complete the transaction, may result in the transaction not being completed on the proposed terms, or at all. In addition, if the transaction is not completed, and the Company continues as a publicly-traded entity, there are risks that the announcement of the proposed transaction and the dedication of substantial resources of the Company to the completion of the transaction could have an impact on its business and strategic relationships (including with future and prospective employees, customers, suppliers and partners), operating results and activities in general, and could have a material adverse effect on its current and future operations, financial condition and prospects. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, the Company may be required to pay a termination fee pursuant to the terms of the Arrangement Agreement which could have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations and its ability to fund growth prospects and current operations. Consequently, all of the forward-looking information contained herein is qualified by the foregoing cautionary statements, and there can be no guarantee that the results or developments that we anticipate will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the expected consequences or effects on our business, financial condition or results of operation. Unless otherwise noted or the context otherwise indicates, the forward-looking information contained herein represents our expectations as of the date hereof or as of the date it is otherwise stated to be made, as applicable, and is subject to change after such date. However, we disclaim any intention or obligation or undertaking to update or amend such forward-looking information whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable law. 1 Based on Canadian composite (Toronto Stock Exchange and all Canadian marketplaces) and U.S. composite (Nasdaq and all U.S. marketplaces). 2 Total volume does not represent revenue earned by the Company, but rather the total dollar value of transactions processed by merchants under contractual agreement with the Company. The Company refers the reader to the "Non-IFRS and Other Financial Measures" section of the Company's Management's discussion and analysis in respect of the Company's financial year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 MD&A"), which section is incorporated by reference herein, for a definition of Total volume presented by the Company. The 2023 MD&A is available at https://investors.nuvei.com and under the Company's profiles on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. 3 Based on Canadian composite (Toronto Stock Exchange and all Canadian marketplaces) and U.S. composite (Nasdaq and all U.S. marketplaces). 4 Percentages and amount of expected cash proceeds are based on current assumed cash position and are subject to change as a result of cash generated before closing. View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nuvei-enters-into-agreement-to-be-taken-private-by-advent-international-alongside-existing-canadian-shareholders-philip-fayer-novacap-and-cdpq-at-a-price-of-us34-00-per-share-302104635.html

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Homeric Hymn to Demeter 1-3 (A.N. Athanassakis translation) No Ancient Greek source that I have come across explicitly mentions Hades asking for Persephone. In one way or another they all say simply that Zeus gave Persephone to his brother, and that the giveaway method was the fairly common worldwide practice of bride-kidnapping, which in some instances would happen with the consent of the bride's father, often with the mother having no say in the matter. The wording of that sentence in the Wikipedia article is the source of the confusion here, as it could be read to mean that out of the blue (as it were), Zeus accosted Hades and issued him this directive of "obtaining" Persephone. But that's not how the story really goes. There is indeed a perspicuous ancient report of Hades following the expected custom of asking for his prospective bride's hand in marriage from her father. The source of the quote, however, is Roman, from Hyginus' Fabulae, regarding which see below. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter Your Wikipedia reference appears to have come out of the translation by Gregory Nagy, from Harvard University's Center for Hellenic Studies, of the Homeric Hymn to Demeter (written c. the 500s BC), the relevant portion thereof being when Hades nabs Persephone in Lines 30-32: She was being taken, against her will, at the behest of Zeus, by her father's brother, the one who makes many sēmata, the one who receives many guests, the son of Kronos, the one with many names. On the chariot drawn by immortal horses. Some other translations render it as follows: Unwilling was Persephone, but her father's brother, Sovran and Lord of all, many-named Son of Kronos, with the abetting of Zeus, bore her away on his immortal steeds. John Edgar, 1891 So he, that Son of Cronos, of many names, who is Ruler of Many and Host of Many, was bearing her away by leave of Zeus on his immortal chariot—his own brother's child and all unwilling. Hugh Gerard Evelyn-White, 1914 So although she resisted, the Ruler of Many and Receiver of Many drover her away on his immortal horses his own brother's child —for Zeus had contrived it— the son of Kronos with many names. Jules Cashford, 2003 By Zeus's counsels, his brother, the All-receiver and Ruler of Many, Kronos's son of many names, was carrying her away with his immortal horses, against her will. Apostolos N. Athanassakis, 2004 But her father's brother, Kronos' son of many names, Lord of the Many Dead, stole the unwilling girl away on his immortal horses, with a nod from Zeus. Diane J. Rayor, 2004 This is what is being translated above, from Evelyn-White's edition of the Greek text: τὴν δ᾽ ἀεκαζομένην ἦγεν Διὸς ἐννεσίῃσι πατροκασίγνητος, Πολυσημάντωρ Πολυδέγμων, ἵπποις ἀθανάτοισι, Κρόνου πολυώνυμος υἱός. Here is a transliteration of it into Roman script: tên d' aekazomenên êgen Dios ennesiêisi patrokasignêtos Polysêmantôr Polydegmôn hippois athanatoisi Kronou polyônymos huios The word ἐννεσίῃσι (ennesiêisi), which Nagy renders as "at the behest", also appears in Theogony 492, where Evelyn-White translates it as "suggestions". Evelyn-White's and Rayor's renditions of the same word in the Hymn imply permission granted, where, respectively they have: "by leave [of]" and "with a nod [from]". Edgar's version "with the abetting" makes it more conspiratorial between Zeus and Hades. Athanassakis's "By Zeus's counsels" denotes advice or a strong suggestion to the prospective bridegroom. Cashford straight-up makes Zeus the mastermind of the scheme, "For Zeus had contrived it". Evelyn-White also uses the clause "the behest of Zeus" in his translation of the Hymn, although this is in Line 359, where the messenger-god Hermes has been sent to Hades with the command that Persephone, whose mother has been inconsolably searching after her, should be restored to Demeter in the upper world. And Aidoneus, ruler over the dead, smiled grimly and obeyed the behest of Zeus the king. "The behest of Zeus the king" is from Διὸς βασιλῆος ἐφετμῇς (Dios basilêos ephetmês). Hesiod's Theogony, from perhaps a century or two earlier than the Homeric Hymns, in Lines 912-914 of Evelyn-White's 1920 translation (and the corresponding Greek text), while listing the wives of Zeus, says: Also he came to the bed of all-nourishing Demeter, and she bare white-armed Persephone whom Aïdoneus carried off from her mother; but wise Zeus gave her to him. αὐτὰρ ὁ Δήμητρος πολυφόρβης ἐς λέχος ἦλθεν, ἣ τέκε Περσεφόνην λευκώλενον, ἣν Ἀιδωνεὺς ἥρπασεν ἧς παρὰ μητρός: ἔδωκε δὲ μητίετα Ζεύς. autar ho Dêmêtros polyphorbês es lekhos êlthen: hê teke Persephonên leukôlenon, hên Aïdôneus hêrpasen hês para mêtros, edôke de mêtieta Zeus. In Daryl Hine's translation (2005): Next Zeus went to the bed of Demeter who nourishes many, Who gave birth to Persephone who had white arms and whom Hades Snatched from her mother; but Zeus in his wisdom gave her to Hades. Written about half a millennium after the Homeric Hymns, (Pseudo-)Apollodorus' Βιβλιοθήκη (Bibliothêke), the "Library," refers to Hades by his epithet Πλούτων (Ploutôn), the "Wealthy" One. The sobriquet was eventually applied by the Romans to their version of this deity, whom they called Pluto. Most of the following translations of Βιβλιοθήκη 1.5.1 use this Latinised spelling of the name. Pluto fell in love with Persephone and with the help of Zeus carried her off secretly. James George Frazer, 1921 Pluto fell in love with Persephone, and with Zeus' help secretly Keith Aldrich, 1975 *Apparently a viable U.S. spelling of kidnap[p]ed(!), which I had never encountered before this. (Eep!) Pluto fell in love with Persephone and, with the help of Zeus, he secretly Robin Hard, 1997 Plouton fell in love with Persephone and secretly kidnapped her with R. Scott Smith & Stephen M. Trzaskoma, 2007 From Frazer's edition of the Greek text: Πλούτων δὲ Περσεφόνης ἐρασθεὶς Διὸς συνεργοῦντος ἥρπασεν αὐτὴν κρύφα. Ploutôn de Persephones erastheis Dios synergountos hêrpasen autên krypha. With Hyginus writing in Latin, his Fabulae, naturally, contains the Roman names of the characters, so that Zeus is Jove or Jupiter, Demeter is Ceres, and Persephone is Proserpina. Fabulae 146 has the word Tartarus as a generic term for the entire Underworld, such as it came to be typically identified in Latin literature especially later into the Christian era. According to Mary Grant's 1960 translation of the passage: Pluto asked from Jove that he give him in marriage Ceres' daughter and his own. Jove said that Ceres would not permit her daughter to live in gloomy Tartarus, but bade him seize her as she was gathering flowers on Mount Etna, which is in Sicily. R. Scott Smith & Stephen M. Trzaskoma's 2007 translation: Pluto asked Jupiter if he could marry Proserpina, his daughter by Ceres. Jupiter said that Ceres would never allow her daughter to reside in the darkness of Tartarus; he told him, however, to abduct her while she was picking flowers on Mount Aetna, which is in Sicily. The Ludwig Maximilian University’s 1872 edition of the Latin text, involving Moritz Schmidt: Pluton petit ab love Proserpinam filiam eius et Cereris in coniugium [daret]. lovis negavit Cererem passuram ut filia sua in tartaro tenebricoso sit, sed iubet eum rapere eam flores legentem in monte Aetna, qui est in Sicilia. In summary, Zeus (Jupiter) does not arbitrarily command Hades (Pluto) to kidnap Persephone (Proserpina). Hades asks for her first and then Zeus advises on the means of achieving this goal. Thus what is being performed at the behest of Zeus is this scheme that he has set in motion, and which, according to Line 9 of the Hymn to Demeter, is in place for the purpose of pleasing Hades. De Raptu Proserpinae There is one more Roman source which is relevant to your Question, namely De Raptu Proserpinae, "Rape of Proserpina," by a poet of the 300s AD, named Claudian. In it, Pluto does not ask Jupiter specifically for Proserpina, although he does demand a wife, threatening war between his realm and Heaven if his brother does not comply. Frighteningly so, Claudian's Pluto is genuinely powerful enough to issue such a demand to the king of the gods. By the way, the communication between the brothers does not require the presence of the Underworld-King on Mt Olympus. Just as Zeus sends Hermes to Aïdoneus in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, similarly in De Raptu Proserpinae, Pluto sends Mercurius (the Roman Hermes) with his threatening demand to Jupiter, telling him, according to Maurice Platnauer's 1922 translation, to: bear these my behests to proud Jove (1.92-93). proscinde Notos et iussa superbo redde Iovi. Fly hence, with speedy wing cut through the winde, To thy vngratefull Sire thus speake our minde... Leonard Digges, 1617 "Bear to the haughty ruler of the skies, "And swiftly speed thy flight, these my resolves— Jacob George Strutt, 1814 The dialogue delivered to Mercurius thereafter takes up a chunky paragraph in which Pluto, interestingly, never actually comes out and says that he wants Jupiter to give him a bride, rather he angrily complains that while his brothers are married and that Jupiter in particular has many happy children surrounding him, he himself has no one to keep him warm in the gloom of the nether world. He paints an especially grim and miserable picture of his kingdom, which he thinks is "hideous", and now that Pluto has been allocated that portion of the cosmos, he asks, in Platnauer's words (1.103): must thou also forbid our marriage? sed thalamis etiam prohibes? For this, Digges has "Forbidd'st me Nuptiall rites", while Strutt makes it: "Dost thou prohibit, too, joys that attend "On wedded hours? That phrase is the closest that he comes to articulating what he wants, amid the complaints and threats. So far in the text, there isn't much intelligible context for this statement: Pluto does not appear to be speaking about marriage to a specific person, nor have we been told of an episode in which Jupiter has prevented him from getting married. The problem seems to be, as Jupiter fears upon receiving the message, "who would dare such a marriage, who would wish to exchange the sun for the caves of Styx"? Beyond that, Pluto might perhaps be addressing Jupiter as the head of the family, who in Roman culture (as in various other traditions around the world) is responsible for even his grownup siblings who share his estate (the family estate in this case being the entire universe). Perhaps Pluto is to be understood as expecting a marriage to be arranged by his brother who is higher than him (in both status and elevation). The only portion of the poem which can be construed as Jupiter giving Pluto a command is a couple of lines (1.278-279) in which Jove refers to the scheme he has set up requiring the god of the dead to be ready to seize Proserpina while she is out "sporting in the level meadows by the first light of rosy dawn tomorrow" (my own gloss of Platnauer's translation of 1.221-222). In Platnauer's version of the aforementioned 1.278-279: Pluto, warned by his brother, made his way to the upper air. iamque viam Pluto superas molitur ad auras Digges' version, written in the time of William Shakespeare and King James, is currently rather gnarly English, where the letters i are interchangeable, as are "u" and "v": whil'st Pluto warn'd by Ioue His iourney plot's And now prepared to seek the upper skies, Warn'd by the voice of Jove, Pluto arose - Aldrich, K.M. 1975. The Library of Greek Mythology, by Apollodorus. Coronado Press - Athanassakis, A.N. 2004. The Homeric Hymns, Second Edition. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MA - Cashford, J. 2003. The Homeric Hymns. Penguin, London - Digges, L. 1617. The Rape of Proserpine, Translated out of Claudian in Latine, into English Verse. Edward Blount, England - Edgar, J. 1891. The Homeric Hymns Translated into English Prose. James Thin, Edinburgh - Frazer, J.G. 1921. Apollodorus: The Library, with an English Translation, in Two Volumes. William Heinemann, London, & G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York - Evelyn-White, H.G. 1914. Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica. Loeb Classical Library (Book 57) - Hard, R. 1997. Apollodorus: The Library of Greek Mythology. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York - Hine, D. 2007. Works of Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns: Works and Days; Theogony; The Homeric Hymns; The Battle of the Frogs and the Mice. University of Chicago Press, Chicago; & University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London - Nagy, G. 2016, Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University, Washington, DC, viewed 22 April 2018, https://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5292 - Platnauer, M. 1922. Claudian, in Two Volumes. William Heinemann, London, & G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York - Rayor, D.J. 2004. The Homeric Hymns: A Translation, with Introduction and Notes. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles, CA; & University of California Press, Ltd., London, England - Smith, R.S., & Trzaskoma, S.M. 2007. Apollodorus' Library and Hyginus' Fabulae: Two Handbooks of Greek Mythology, Translated. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., Indianapolis/Cambridge - Strutt, J.G. 1814. The Rape of Proserpine: With Other Poems, from Claudian; Translated into English Verse, with a Prefatory Discourse, and Occasional Notes. A.J. Valpy; & Messrs. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown; & Josiah Conder, London

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Would you say that you" Ideology is measured on a scale of 1-7, with 1 corresponding to "extremely liberal", 7 corresponding to "extremely conservative, and 4 corresponding to "in the middle." Sergio Flores/Getty Images, This gets at one notable evolution: Powered by People is a PAC, after ORourke swore off PAC money as a congressman and during his presidential campaign. The margins of error vary by state and party. | Abbott lacks ORourkes charisma and star power, but hes a canny politician who has never lost a race and has already raised $55 million. Emerson was the sixth consecutive pollster in our database to find the Texas Senate race within single digits: But how much significance should we really give to a few polls this far out from Election Day? According to the Texas Tribunes analysis of Federal Election Commission data, Cruz raised $15.6 million from the start of 2017 through July; ORourke pulled in a whopping $23.6 million. In the fall of 2019, when ORourke was polling at between 2 percent and 3 percent nationally in the Democratic presidential primary, he told me over dinner in Pittsburghs east end that he couldnt fathom a scenario where I would run for public office again if Im not the nominee., That has changed. 4.9. And I dont know. 1. All rights reserved. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. But none of those Democrats has the profile or fundraising record ORourke has. But an aide cautioned, One thing he is going to be sensitive about is making this about him.. Hes this symbolic, Texas can be something other than it is, for all of his flaws and all his losses.. And even that understates how wide the range of possible outcomes still is thats just what could happen if the polls are off by the average amount. Emerson College was given a B+ in FiveThirtyEights latest pollster ratings, based on an analysis of the accuracy of 85 of their polls in elections over the past several years. We've received your submission. Pollapalooza (249) And youre not literally there with people connected to people in as direct a way as we are now., Beto O' Rourke at the south steps of the Texas State Capitol speaking about voting rights as part of a For The People Rally in Austin, June 20, 2021. Dec. 20, 2022 A Very Merry 2024 Republican Presidential Primary Draft A FiveThirtyEight Chat Filed under 2024 Election Mar. Despite Cruz's statement, he faced a significant backlash for his trip. And theres a chance that a loss, if its close enough, would keep ORourkes promise alive, and not dampen enthusiasm for him two years later. During the march into Austin, the Tejano music legend Little Joe, who performed at fundraisers for ORourke in 2018 and who said that after ORourke lost, sometimes Id lay awake and ask what more I should have done embraced ORourke and addressed him as governor. The Rev. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. Whats interesting is, in Washington, everybody assumes Republicans are going towin, he said. Photo by Andrew Harnik-Pool/Getty Images/Getty. Average for the last 12 months. Rep. Bob Gibbs (R-Ohio), who spearheaded the effort, said Biden violated his oath of office. Democrats, after picking up 12 state House seats in 2018, failed to make gains in the downballot races. That leaves him with an overall approval rating from Texas voters thats better than those of Biden, U.S. Sens. Now Kavanaugh had the chance to watch President Joe Biden's attack dog start to get his comeuppance. The August polling averages were off by between 5 points and 14 points in any given year. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Hes also deeply unpopular with Democrats his -82 net approval is the 11th lowest level of Democratic support for any state. Help support our mission and get perks. At this time last month, our tracker sat at Democrats 46.8 percent and Republicans 39.6 percent, or a 7.2-point Democratic advantage. (think Sens. We took the margin separating the candidates in each August poll and then subtracted the margin that separated them in the final election results to find out how much each poll missed by.3 We then averaged all the misses in each year to figure out how far off that years August polls were from the final results: Average difference, in percentage points, between August polling margins and the final election margin. And a lot of people who may be thinking of running for governor are holding back because everybody presumes that he will run., There was a time when ORourke maintained that he could not imagine ever running again for public office. The pretty fair assumption that people are making is that he will run, said Gilberto Hinojosa, chair of the Texas Democratic Party. Where do you go if the statewide races are impossible, no matter how good you are?. Membership protects TYT's independence from corporate ownership and allows us to provide free live shows that speak truth to power for people around the world. Its bigger than him.. His overall job approval with Texan voters is at 43% who approve and 47% who disapprove. Its almost baked into the cake of how everyone handles decision-making.. Wanted to be a good dad, I flew down with them last night and am flying back this afternoon. A poll by The Dallas Morning News and University of Texas, Tyler, in June put Abbotts approval rating at 50 percent, including 29 percent of Democrats and 37 percent of independents. I think it's notable that over half of Democrats now register a negative opinion in fact a strongly negative opinion of him, Blank said of Paxton. The one voter he registered was an 87-year-old woman named Natalie Esparza who was doing a crossword puzzle in her garage when ORourke came by. On the other hand, 17 percent of respondents had a. Most recently, his group raised about $730,000 to help Texas Democratic lawmakers physically leave the state, breaking a quorum in the legislature and at least delaying passage of a restrictive voting bill. Article. Thats an awfully close race for a state that President Trump won by 9 points in 2016. Respondents were asked, "How would you rate the job Ted Cruz is doing as U.S. See terms - for PayPal Credit, opens in a new window or tab. But on the flip side, when you fire up the Democrats, youre going to fire up the Republicans., Markowitz called ORourke the best shot we have at actually winning that gubernatorial seat, and hes the individual who has put the most effort into actually changing the state of Texas. The poll, which surveyed over 1,500 adults across the U.S., has a 2.9 point margin of error. This cycle, he said its not likely that Im going to run for governor. One week ago, his net approval was -10.9 points; 42.1 percent of Americans approved of Trumps job performance and 53 percent disapproved. Check out our 2018 House forecast and all the polls weve been collecting ahead of the midterms. The Senate voted to acquitTrump both times. Just 13% of Democrats have a favorable opinion of Cruz this week, compared to 11% last week and 12% the week prior. Among Republicans, 78% approve and only 9% disapprove. Moreover, ORourke, a three-term congressman, has pulled far ahead of Cruz in the fundraising race. Texas Tribunes analysis of Federal Election Commission data, third-biggest fundraiser among all Senate candidates, according to an NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll, FiveThirtyEights latest pollster ratings, How The Federal Reserve Is The Shadow Branch Of The Government, Why Original Predictions About The War In Ukraine Were So Off. The greatest state in the greatest country in the world has been without power," Cruz said in a February 18 statement. Subject to credit approval. Ted Cruz had a one-word response Monday to the one-finger Bronx salutes he received during Game 4 of the ALCS at Yankee Stadium. See the toplines and crosstabs from this Economist/YouGov poll, Methodology: The Economist survey was conducted by YouGov using a nationally representative sample of 1,500 US Adult Citizens interviewed online between February 27 - March 2, 2021. Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. We searched our database (which goes back to 1990) and collected all the Senate polls that were conducted in August of an election year,2 giving us 594 polls in all. Demonstrators hold up signs at a voting rights rally at the state Capitol in Austin on June 20, 2021. We still say you should hold onto your chips. He called Texas a swing state. Democrats thought they could, perhaps, even take the state House. Stacey Abrams of Georgia, the Democrat to whom ORourke is most frequently compared, also lost a statewide election in 2018 and is now considering running for governor. After failing to sink Justice Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation to the Supreme Court, Democrats really cranked up their attacks when they realized he would help deliver the ruling of their nightmares. She called him the wind beneath the Democratic Party. Julie Oliver, the former congressional candidate who twice ran unsuccessfully to flip a Republican-held House seat around Austin, said ORourke might be the only person who could unseat [Greg] Abbott, honestly. Jeff Travillion, a county commissioner in Travis County, Texas, said hes probably the best-known name that people associate with taking care of the little guy. From the chair of the state Democratic Party down, Democrats in Texas have been lobbying ORourke to run for governor next year against Abbott, the Republican incumbent. Check back next quarter for trend data. The senator leads by 3 points, on average, in polls taken this month. @JanieVelencia, Polling (517 posts) They used it for partisan purposes to go after Trump because they disagreed with him. The latest University of Texas/Texas Tribune poll has been released in full. If youd like to dive in further, weve also published the data behind this article, you can check it out on our data page or grab it from GitHub. Watch. Sign up to receive that report in your inbox here. Compared to Trump, who has a net rating of negative 12 percent, and Texas Representative Ted Cruz, DeSantis stands to be a winner of the poll, with a 7 percent net favorability rating, boding well for his national stakes ahead of the 2022 midterms. I think that makes it a hard decision for him., Beto O'Rourke has held many rallies across Texas to fight SB7, a controversial voting bill. So Donald Trump's inability to appear to be seriously dealing with the pandemic made Abbott's attempts early on even if they were criticized much much more serious-looking, both to Republicans and Democrats, and I think that's why his numbers were so high.. The August 2022 University of Texas / Texas Politics Project poll has just been released, including extensive questioning on the 2022 elections, abortion, immigration, gun violence and much much more. The poll, released Wednesday, found that 24 percent of voters . If you look at the demographics and numbers that are against you in a governors race, why would you do it?, Autry said, He lost the Senate race, he lost the presidential race, and I think a third time would probably be a significant image problem. Where are they? ORourke wondered aloud. 5.0. His current term ends on January 3, 2025. Of course, that error could cut either way it doesnt necessarily favor Cruz. Detailed seller ratings. Select one or more years, states and race types, then click "Apply Filter" to see results. Among Republicans, 61 percent approve of her and 34 percent disapprove. Bush had an 89 percent approval rating. And in a head-to-head matchup against Abbott, he was losing 45 percent to 33 percent. There has been an uptick in Democratic disapproval of the speaker over the course of 2021, due to the infighting and turmoil that shaped the most recent legislative session, Blank said. The M Logo and MORNING CONSULT are registered trademarks of Morning Consult Holdings, Inc. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. President Joe Biden's approval rating was at 41%, . The Senator's favorability rating dropped eight points among Republicans last week from 68% to 60%, but he . "Favorability of Congressman Ted Cruz among U.S. adults, as of November 2022." Cornyns roots are in a very different Republican Party and if anything, Cornyn has had to adjust to a political party that evolved in a way that is much closer to the image and orientation of Ted Cruz than it was to the John Cornyn that first ran for office more than two decades ago, said James Henson, director of the Texas Politics Project. Felicia, ORourke said to Felicia Miyakawa, a volunteer organizer for the organization ORourke set up, Powered by People, weve had some dry runs before. | All Rights Reserved. Last week, he went to Facebook Live to launch a program in which Powered by People will drive to peoples homes to register them to vote if they call and ask. The 10 Senate seats most likely to flip in 2022 By Simone Pathe, . Staff writer. GOP Senators Josh Hawley and Ted Cruz have seen their approval ratings drop among voters, including Republicans, in their home states following the U.S. Capitol riot on January 6.. Hawley, who is . Thanks for contacting us. It is sometimes hard for a political figure to recover quickly from claims of scandal, but some do. According to Cruz, one potential justification for impeachment proceedings would be the utter lawlessness of Bidens refusal to solve the border crisis and his decisionto defy immigration laws., In response Tuesday, White House press secretary Jen Psaki suggested: Maybe Senator Cruz can work with us on getting something done on comprehensive immigration reform and putting in place measures that will help make sure smart security is what we see at the border, taking a more humane approach to the border instead of name calling, accusation-calling and making predictions of the future.. I wanted to give him a hug.. Adults, as of November 2022. Susan Collins is facing re-election next year, and views on her job performance have dimmed significantly over the first half of 2019. During the walk, ORourke sang Woke Up This Morning and Aint Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around with everyone else, but at the back of the line, his blue oxford shirt with its sleeves rolled up, a plastic bottle of water in his right back jeans pocket. Those who responded that they are independents or "other" were then asked if they lean toward either the Democrats or Republicans. Here are the five senators who perform best with Republicans in their state, relative to Trump: The GOP senators who have the lowest approval with home state Republicans relative to Trump are: Lisa Murkowski, Lamar Alexander, Cory Gardner, and Pat Toomey. President: Democratic primary, 2024 President: Republican primary, 2024 Donald Trump Favorability AVG. Employee Engagement Create a culture that ensures employees are involved, enthusiastic and highly productive in their work and workplace. Support TYT by becoming a member: http://tyt.com/joinRead more HERE: https://www.vice.com/en/article/epd9yn/texas-governor-greg-abbott-ted-cruz-apparently-got-advice-on-winter-storm-from-climate-denier\"Days before winter storm Uri slammed into Texas, Republican Governor Greg Abbott and Senator Ted Cruz got advice on how to prepare from a known climate change denier.\"Hosts: Ana Kasparian, Cenk UygurCast: Ana Kasparian, Cenk Uygur*** The largest online progressive news show in the world. Texans weigh in on whether they approve or disapprove of Texas elected officials and President Joe Biden. You can see the margin of error for each senator here. The Texas Politics Project just released the results of a March poll developed in conjunction with a team of researchers at the UT Energy Institute that asked dozens of questions about Texans experience during the winter storm, their attitudes toward causes and consequences of the storm, their views of, and expectations about, possible policy responses, and their views of how a wide range of actors from their neighbors and utility providers to state political leaders, regulatory bodies, and corporate actors. Rather than celebrating progress, Democrats nationally saw in Texas a worrisome sign: Perhaps Americas changing demography wouldnt automatically float them into power. Ted cruz approval 2022 Respondents who answered that they are "not sure" for either of the two aforementioned questions are not incorporated into this figure. Cruz was last elected in 2018 and is up for reelection in 2024. Sign up for The Brief, our daily newsletter that keeps readers up to speed on the most essential Texas news. Statista. Sergio Flores/Getty Images. 2018 Election (360) ORourke is the closest thing to a star in Texas Democratic politics, a tall and expressive former congressman from El Paso who built his reputation on a Kennedyesque ability to excite a crowd and an almost theatrically grassroots approach to retail politics. The Democrat-controlled House voted to impeach Trump for the first time in December 2019 on articles of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress over allegations that he tried to pressure Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to announce an investigation into then-presidential candidate Biden. 4% nnScott, who was governor of Florida before entering the Senate in 2019, butted heads with McConnell throughout the 2022 midterm cycle." -14% He unsuccessfully tried to take leadership of the Senate Republicans last fall after he blamed McConnell for the party's underperformance in the midterm elections." Meanwhile, 74% of Republicans approve and 45% strongly approve. Eighty-six percent of Democrats disapprove of the job he's doing. Would you say that you" Measurement of Party ID for this figure is based on two questions. Each week, we will release a report with the most important findings on the 2020 election. Leading into the election, Democrats buoyed by ORourkes surprisingly strong Senate run and the partys downballot gains in 2018 believed that flipping a state that had not gone Democratic in a presidential election in more than 40 years was possible. We aren't publishing updates for now. Senator? As the pandemic drew on, Democratic disapproval of Abbott increased steadily. Senator? Who are the power players, and how are they driving politics and influencing Washington? I dont know that weve had anything like this., When he left, she said, at least hes doing the work., ORourke, she said, is a big hope for us., Beto O'Rourke canvasses a neighborhood in West Dallas, June 9, 2021. Voting intention for 2022 presidential elections in Brazil, by religion, Number of fake statements by Brazilian president Bolsonaro 2019-2022, by month, Share of votes cast in 1st round of 2022 presidential elections Brazil, by candidate, Voting intention for 2022 presidential elections in Brazil, by family income. LIVE weekdays 6-8 pm ET. Show us with your support. But does he even have a shot? It was not going well. Original question: 'Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people? I think there were benefits and there were drawbacks, she said. A lot of the presidential campaign circuit is unfortunately, you know, theres just a lot of staged events where youre literally on a stage, like were going to be in Detroit and speak to this national conference or were going to be in Pittsburgh and were going to talk to this association or were going to go to D.C. and were going to talk to this group of people along with every other presidential candidate, you know, five minutes a pop, and then you exit the stage and the next person comes on, ORourke said. One week ago, their lead was a similar 7.8 points (47.8 percent to 40 percent). Per Gallup, presidents with an approval rating below 50 percent have seen their party lose an average of 37 House seats. When Rather caught up to ORourke in Austin last month, he was standing by a green dumpster on a sidewalk between a UPS store and a union headquarters where the marchers gathered, stopped by a supporter for a photograph. @DataDhrumil, Janie Velencia is a freelance writer focused on survey research. 8, 2021 Ignore What Potential 2024 Presidential Candidates Say. Senator? Would you say that you". Meanwhile, Cornyn, his senior counterpart, has a 60% approval rating within the party. | For only the second time in UT polling, but the second time in less than a year, a majority of Texas voters say that the state is on the wrong track. When it comes to immigration and border security a hot topic which spurred Abbott announce his own border wall earlier this month 46% of voters approve of his job and 37% disapprove. Senator? ORourke, who will turn 49 this month, has been giving the same, brief response for months when asked if he will run for governor: Hes focused solely on voting rights, and will think about it later. by Farah Eltohamy Its an extension of ORourkes turnout strategy from his 2018 Senate campaign, and it reflects Democrats basic theory of the case in Texas that if the party could register and turn out even a fraction of the several million people who are eligible to vote but not registered, many of them young people of color, Democrats could swing the state their way. Sen. 89 Items sold. I feel like I just ran a marathon in the 2020 campaign, he said in an interview, and you know, just happy to support others right now and shine a light on issues that are important to the state and to the country, and then consider running in the future. Hidalgo has said she is focused on running for re-election in her county-level seat. He paused, and added, Just for a while.. In the heavily Latino Rio Grande Valley, for instance, Trump over-performed. https://t.co/4H1uwMg8g1 pic.twitter.com/mBgwuwjIwE. Trump was impeached for the second time last January on a charge of incitement of insurrection in connection with the Jan. 6 Capitol riot. Cruz enjoys a 79% approval rating among Texas Republicans. But it was not all positive. See Perks: https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/joinSUBSCRIBE on YOUTUBE: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=theyoungturksFACEBOOK: http://www.facebook.com/TheYoungTurksTWITTER: http://www.twitter.com/TheYoungTurksINSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/TheYoungTurksTWITCH: http://www.twitch.com/tyt Merch: http://shoptyt.com Donate: http://www.tyt.com/go Website: https://www.tyt.comApp: http://www.tyt.com/app Newsletters: https://www.tyt.com/newsletters/Ifyou want to watch more videos from TYT, consider subscribing to other channels in our network:TheDamage Report https://www.youtube.com/thedamagereportTYTSports https://www.youtube.com/tytsportsTheConversation https://www.youtube.com/tytconversationRebelHQ https://www.youtube.com/rebelhqTYTInvestigates https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwNJt9PYyN1uyw2XhNIQMMA#TYT #TheYoungTurks #BreakingNews210225__TB02TedCruz In fact, Cruz hasn't recorded a net positive approval rating since that fateful flight in February 2021. Senator Ted Cruz speaks during a congressional hearing on February 23. I thought maybe I was getting too personal, she said after ORourke left. Accessed March 04, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1201765/favorability-ted-cruz-us-adults/, YouGov. He is still ubiquitous, but is behaving in some significant ways like a more traditional political organizer. $25.99 . But how about the average of all August polls in a particular race has that more accurately predicted the election? Cruz and other Republican lawmakers who objected to the certification were criticized for inciting the violent mob that attacked U.S. Capitol that day. sren22. FiveThirtyEight will publish a Senate forecast soon that will give you a more comprehensive answer, but in the meantime, lets just look at how closely Senate polls conducted in the late summer have matched the eventual election results. Fourteen percent of Republicans still approve of the job he's doing on COVID because it's one of his strong places, Blank added. Download Fastest Growing Brands 2022 Report. First, respondents were asked whether they consider themselves to be a Democrats, Republicans, independents, other, or not sure. My names Beto.. Would you say that you". His job approval rating among state voters has dropped from 56% in April 2020 to 45% in April 2021. Visit profile Contact. I asked Steve Adler, the Democratic mayor of Austin, if it was a sustainable strategy for Texas Democrats simply to have ORourke run over and over again a Senate race, followed by a presidential race, followed by a gubernatorial race and, if that falls short, another run for U.S. Senate. In a national environment where the generic ballot favors Democrats and Congresss approval ratings remain low, incumbency may not be as much of an advantage for Republicans as it has been in some other years. Its a testament to ORourkes celebrity, and also the relative weakness of the Democratic Party in Texas, that a politician who lost a U.S. Senate race in 2018, bottomed out in the presidential primary less than two years later and now would count it a victory if you simply came to the door is the partys best hope to take the governors seat next year. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Forty-eight percent of Maine voters disapproved of Collins in the second quarter, compared with 45 percent who approved a net slide of 16 percentage points from earlier in the year. 04/28/2022 04:30 AM EDT. Mario Cantu/Cal Sport Media via AP, During the July march for voting rights, which wound from Georgetown, Texas, to the state capitol in Austin, about 125 clergypeople and activists walking two and three abreast hoisted banners and sang freedom songs on the scalding pavement of the frontage roads along Interstate 35. But it can feel smaller than a campaign for office, and high-profile candidates draw the kind of attention that can help register voters, too. For the purposes of this table, respondents who placed themselves at or between points 1 and 3 on the scale are considered "liberal," respondents who placed themselves at point 4 on the scale are considered "moderate," and respondents who placed themselves at or between points 5 and 7 on the scale are considered conservative. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Palo Alto Address Group, Background Image In Blazor, H2so3 Dissociation Equation, St Mary's Byzantine Catholic Church Nyc,

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Organic Mattress near me in Oakland, CA. Best Organic Mattress Retailers & Stores Near Me in Oakland, California 94601 Do you want to improve your sleeping experience by upgrading to an organic mattress in Oakland? Organic mattresses offer a comfortable night’s rest without sacrificing your health or comfort. These mattresses offer many advantages that are not available with traditional mattresses. They have grown in popularity over the past few years. Buying a mattress organic locally is a great opportunity to benefit from the organic benefits while supporting local businesses. Look for certified organic mattress and think about the pros and cons when shopping. Oakland has a wide range of stores and options, so it’s easy to find the right mattress for you. You’ll learn about the types of organic mattresses that are available in Oakland and what to look out for when purchasing one. We also offer tips on finding the perfect organic mattress. What is an Organic Mattress? Organic mattresses are the ideal choice for anyone looking to get a better night’s sleep. The organic mattress is made using natural materials and renewable resources such as wool, latex, cotton and jute. These materials can be sourced sustainably without synthetic chemicals or off gassing. They provide greater breathability to help regulate body temperature and improved air circulation for better comfort. Organic mattresses offer better motion isolation. This means your partner won’t disturb you while you sleep. Additionally, they provide more support than traditional mattresses to help relieve pressure points that can cause aches and pains during the night. There are many options when it comes to buying an organic mattress in Oakland. You can find organic beds in many shops. Choose a product that uses organic fabrics such as GOTS or Eco-Institut certified materials. These guarantee the use of no harmful chemical in production. Check online reviews for a quality product before purchasing to ensure that you are buying from a reputable business. By investing in an organic mattress, you are protecting the environment and improving your health. It’s easy to see why so many people choose this eco-friendly sleep option. Benefits of an Organic Mattress Enjoy greater peace of mind by sleeping on a mattress free of harmful chemicals and synthetic materials. Organic mattresses consist of natural materials such a cotton, wool latex and plant-based substances. These materials were sourced responsibly, and they are better for our environment than traditional mattresses. Also, organic mattresses are generally more durable, longer-lasting and healthier than their non-organic equivalents. Organic mattresses help improve sleep quality as they are more breathable than traditional mattresses. These mattresses tend to trap moisture and heat. It will keep you cooler throughout the night, so that you wake up refreshed. In addition, organic beds are hypoallergenic because they lack chemical additives. This can help reduce allergies or skin irritations from synthetic materials that may be found in traditional beds. In Oakland, California, buying an organic bed not only protects your health but also helps local businesses prioritize sustainability. Many local mattress stores offer top-notch customer care and affordable prices. What to Look for When Buying an Organic Mattress in Oakland There’s no better investment to make when shopping for an organic bed than one that meets your health and comfort needs. Take into consideration the following factors when choosing the right option. First, look into the material of the mattress – is it made from natural or synthetic fibers? Organic mattresses should be made of natural materials, such as cotton and wool. You should also consider how firm or supple you would like your mattress to feel. There are different levels of firmness offered by manufacturers, so you should know what to look for before purchasing one. You should also test any mattress you are considering in person. Lay down and see if you feel comfortable. The cost of organic mattresses in Oakland is higher than that of conventional mattresses, but the eco-friendly process used to build them makes for a mattress with superior comfort and durability. Verify certifications by third parties, such as GOTS or Greenguard Gold. They indicate that a product was tested for its safety and environmental impact. Customer reviews can provide valuable insight into what other customers have thought of certain brands and models of mattresses. It’s important to do some research before investing in an organic bed. This will ensure that you get a better night’s sleep. An organic mattress, combined with other eco friendly products such as sheets and pillows made of natural fabrics can create a better sleeping environment for all members of your family. Types of Organic Mattresses The right organic mattress can help you enjoy a relaxing night of sleep. If you are looking for an organic bed in Oakland, CA, there are a number of options to consider. The natural latex in the composition of Latex mattresses provides support and comfort. Innerspring mattresses have a firmer feeling due to the steel coils between the layers of foam. Hybrid beds combine latex and innersprings into one mattress to give you the best of all worlds. Memory foam mattresses contour to your body while relieving pressure points. These materials are available in different thicknesses. It’s important to choose one that suits your preferences and needs. Organic wool is used in mattresses to provide additional comfort and protection from dust mites. Organic cotton is often used as an outer cover for organic mattresses due to its soft texture and breathability–making it great for temperature regulation during hot summer nights. The beds may also contain natural fiber fillings. Horsehair and coconut husks are two examples. These materials can provide additional cushioning while maintaining the breathability. If you are buying a mattress, ensure that it is certified by an organization like CertiPUR US(r). Look online for reviews of verified customers who have used different organic mattresses and found the right fit. This will help narrow down the best ones for you. Natural Latex Mattresses Natural latex beds are comfortable and supportive due to their airy, bouncy composition. They are made with the sap of rubber-tree trees and have no synthetic fillers or materials. Natural latex mattresses also have the added benefit of being hypoallergenic. They are resistant to dust mites and allergies, so they’re ideal for those with allergies or asthma. Additionally, they’re naturally antimicrobial and don’t require any chemical treatments to maintain their properties. Plus, natural latex is highly resilient and offers excellent support for all body types and sleeping positions. Consider the types of latex mattresses that are available today when shopping for one in Oakland, California. Dunlop is more dense than Talalay and offers a firmer support, however some people might find it less comfy than Talalay. Hybrid latex mattresses, however, combine natural materials with coils or foam layers for extra cushioning. If you rotate it at least every three months, you can expect to enjoy many years of comfortable sleep. So, if you are searching for an organic bed that provides superior comfort in Oakland as well as health advantages, then a latex mattress of natural origin is worth consideration. Organic Cotton Mattresses A mattress made of organic cotton is a great way to get a good night’s sleep while being environmentally friendly. Organic cotton mattresses are fast becoming the natural choice for anyone looking for an alternative mattress. The organic and biodegradable nature of the materials used in these socks makes them not only comfortable, but also sustainable. They are not only environmentally friendly, but they’re also safe for use. Organic cotton mattresses have layers of natural fibers that are certified organic, including wool, cotton and latex. The filling of the mattress is enclosed in a layer of certified organic fabric that provides added softness and durability. On top of this core, an organic wool batting is applied to help regulate the temperature. All these materials ensure that you get a good nights rest without any synthetic chemicals or off gassing associated with traditional foam mattresses. Organic cotton mattresses are perfect for those living in Oakland who want to be able to sleep soundly while still doing their part in protecting the environment. A mattress made from organic cotton will allow you to enjoy the many benefits without worrying about harmful toxins. Organic Wool Mattresses Get a healthy and eco-friendly night’s sleep with an organic wool mattress. Organic wool mattresses in Oakland, CA are perfect for those looking for a natural alternative to traditional synthetic materials. These mattresses made of sustainably-sourced wool provide superior comfort. Their breathability also helps to regulate body temperature during sleep. Wool can also help reduce the accumulation of allergens. It is therefore ideal for allergy sufferers. Organic wool mattresses are also naturally flame-retardant, making them safer than mattresses that use chemical flame retardants. You can also consider that an organic mattress is less likely than other mattresses to sag. Choose an organic mattress to sleep better. Organic Coconut Coir Mattresses Sleep soundly on an organic coconut coir mattress for a healthier and more sustainable option. Coir, made from the fibers of coconuts is an eco-friendly and healthy alternative to traditional mattress. It’s a cool sleeping surface, which means you don’t have to worry about being too hot. Plus, the natural fibers are hypoallergenic and dust mite resistant, making them ideal for people with allergies or asthma. They are made of renewable resources and don’t add to landfills. Oakland residents who are looking for long-term solutions will find that organic coconut coir mattress is a wise investment. The mattresses are made to last for up to 10 year when they are properly cared for and maintained, so you won’t need to replace them anytime soon. Firm support helps to relieve pressure while keeping your spine straight throughout the night. Organic coconut mattresses are more environmentally friendly, provide better pressure relief and comfort than traditional mattresses. This is all achieved without compromising the quality or affordability. If you’re looking for a better sleep without compromising on comfort or style, then an organic coconut-coir mattress could be the answer. Organic Bamboo Mattresses Discover the comfort and sustainability of an organic bamboo mattress today – it’s a great choice for anyone looking to upgrade their sleep experience without compromising on quality. The organic bamboo mattresses are made with eco-friendly products like wool, natural latex and organic cotton. These materials offer superior comfort and support throughout the night. These mattresses are also hypoallergenic. This makes them an ideal choice for people with allergies. The mattress’s durable construction will help it last for years without compromising the health of you or the environment. Organic bamboo mattresses offer superior temperature regulation all year. Bamboo fibers are able to keep you warm and cool in the winter, allowing you to sleep comfortably at any time of the year. Also, they are great for side sleepers because they conform to the shape of your body and cushion pressure on your hips and spine. Organic bamboo mattresses in Oakland have antimicrobial properties that can help reduce the odors caused by sweat and bacteria. Organic bamboo mattress offer luxurious comfort at a reasonable price. You can enjoy all the benefits of an expensive bed without going broke. The organic bamboo mattresses from Oakland are the perfect way to improve your sleeping patterns or to simply enjoy more relaxing nights. Organic Hemp Mattresses Upgrade your sleep game with an organic hemp mattress – it’s a great choice for anyone looking for comfort and sustainability without breaking the bank. Hemp, a strong and durable material, is breathable and regulates body temperature, so it is perfect for keeping warm in winter and cool in summer. It provides additional support for aches and pains. Plus, since hemp is derived from natural sources like plants, it’s an eco-friendly option that will help reduce your footprint on the environment. Oakland residents with tight budgets will find organic hemp mattresses to be incredibly affordable. As well as being cheaper than other options, organic hemp mattresses last longer thanks to their durability. You can also find organic hemp mattresses that offer free shipping or returns, as well as warranties. That way you can be sure you are getting a product of high quality and durability. Organic hemp mattresses offer all of the comforts of luxury bed linens without any of their drawbacks. This is perfect for anyone looking to get sustainable comfort at a reasonable price. So, upgrade your sleeping experience with a hemp mattress made from organic material. Factors to Consider When Shopping for an Organic Mattress in Oakland Consider your sleep preferences when you are shopping for a mattress to ensure you get one that suits you. If you’re seeking an organic mattress in Oakland, there are several factors to consider that will help ensure you find the perfect mattress. You should first look for mattresses that are made of natural materials. Organic cotton and wool, for example, are free from harsh chemicals. They also provide a very comfortable sleep. Additionally, pay attention to the construction of the mattress – look for mattresses with coils that allow air flow and can reduce heat retention while also providing support. Finally, research the company’s certifications and certifications from third-party organizations such as GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) or OEKO-TEX(r) – these certifications ensure that the mattress is truly organic and made without any harmful substances. When shopping for an Organic Mattress in Oakland, CA you can rest easy knowing that the bed you purchase will be both comfortable and safe. You will feel better knowing that your purchase supports businesses who adhere to sustainable practices, value the environment and support eco-friendly production methods. With this knowledge under your belt, you can confidently shop around until you find exactly what it is you need in order to get a restful night’s sleep. Cost of Organic Mattresses in Oakland, CA You can find an organic mattress that will provide you with a safe and comfortable sleep without having to spend a fortune. Costs of organic mattresses vary widely in this city depending on the size, brand and materials used. A queen-sized cushion can range in price from $700 – $4000. Twin-sized mattresses are usually priced between $500 – $2000. As with any mattress or furniture, it is important to compare the prices and check for discounts before making a purchase. When shopping for an organic mattress in Oakland, California, it’s also important to consider factors like thickness and firmness level. Different types provide different levels for support. Memory foam mattresses, for example, are ideal if extra cushioning and pressure relief is needed. However, if a firmer mattress that doesn’t sink in too much while you sleep is what you desire then latex would be a good option. There are hybrid options, which combine the best of both materials. If you’re looking to purchase an organic mattress in Oakland, be sure it’s within your budget. This will ensure that you’re not paying too much money for something you don’t need. Researching ahead of time will save you money, and ensure you find the right bedding for your needs. Popular Organic Mattress Brands in Oakland, California Oakland has a variety of brands that offer organic bedding options. These provide excellent support and comfort. There are many stores in Oakland that sell top-quality mattresses. These include Bedinabox Naturepedic and PlushBeds. All three brands offer mattresses certified organic, made with natural materials like cotton, wool, and latex. Each mattress has been designed to provide the most comfortable and supportive sleep possible. For a safer night’s sleep, you can rest assured that these mattresses do not contain chemicals or other toxins. While shopping for an eco-friendly mattress in Oakland, you should consider your budget along with the material that best suits your needs. Bedinabox makes hybrid mattresses using both coils and foam, while Naturepedic has all-natural natural latex mattresses covered in organic cotton. PlushBeds focuses on luxury beds constructed with memory foam layers over individually wrapped coils. Choose the option that best suits your needs and you will be able to sleep well without worrying about harmful chemicals. Oakland has a wide range of organic mattresses to choose from, regardless of your budget and sleeping preferences. You can find quality materials by leading brands such as Bedinabox Naturepedic and PlushBeds that will provide you with a comfortable sleep without harmful chemicals. Finding a Certified Organic Mattress in Oakland Find the best certified mattress for you and your family in Oakland. Enjoy the comfort of a natural bed without worrying about chemicals and toxins. With a variety of certified organic mattresses available from reputable retailers, you can feel confident that you’re getting a top-notch product. Take some time to research the different brands available in Oakland to find which one suits your needs best. The different materials provide different levels of support. These range from eco-friendly latex foam to all-natural cotton. When shopping for an organic mattress in Oakland, CA, it’s important to look for certifications such as Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), Greenguard Gold certification, and Oeko-Tex Standard 100 certification. These labels ensure the mattress doesn’t contain any synthetic materials or chemicals flame retardants that are often found in conventional beds. Also, read any warranties that the retailer offers. This will ensure you have many years of good sleep. Organic mattresses come at varying price points depending on their size, material makeup, and construction quality – but they’re generally more expensive than conventional options due to their higher quality standards. These beds are more comfortable and last longer when they’re properly maintained. Pros and Cons of Buying an Organic Mattress from a Retailer in Oakland, CA The decision to buy an organic bed is a major one. You should carefully consider the pros, cons and other factors before purchasing. If you’re in Oakland, there are several retailers that can provide you with an organic mattress. What are the pros & cons of purchasing a tv from a store in your city? You can get answers to any questions you have by contacting a customer service representative at a Oakland retailer. The customer service representatives can offer advice on the best mattress for your budget, as well as what type would be most suitable. In addition, many retailers will also help you set up or deliver your new bed. The purchase of an organic mattress at a Oakland retailer has some downsides. As an example, mattresses that are certified organic tend to cost more than non-organic alternatives due to the added costs of sourcing certified materials as well as ensuring high quality standards during production. Retailers don’t typically offer unique or custom made items because of the lower selection and increased costs that come with smaller production runs. You should be aware that buying an organic mattress at a Oakland retailer comes with both advantages and disadvantages. It is up to you, the consumer, to decide if this product is worth your money based on individual needs and constraints. Where to Buy an Organic Mattress in Oakland, California There are many retailers in Oakland that sell organic mattresses. Oakland is the perfect place to buy an organic mattress. Natural home stores, online retailers and furniture shops are some of the best places you can look. Some of these retailers offer certified organic mattress options as well other green bedroom solutions. It’s important to compare brands and models when shopping for organic mattresses in Oakland. Comparing features like material type, support structures, size options and firmness levels can help you find the best mattress for your needs. In addition, some stores provide free delivery and discounts for orders exceeding a certain threshold. Buying an organic mattress from a reputable retailer in Oakland is an excellent way to reduce your carbon footprint while getting a quality night’s sleep. With so many different options available at competitive prices, it’s easy to find something that suits your lifestyle and budget. Shop today! Tips for Buying an Organic Mattress in Oakland You have a wide range of choices when it comes to investing in an environmentally-friendly bed. When you are looking for an eco-friendly mattress in Oakland IL, ask about the materials used and certifications to make sure that it is indeed organic. Research the manufacturing process of the brand: Where do the materials come from, and how are these harvested? The mattress’ durability is also important. What warranty comes with it? Does it have any additional features like temperature regulation or motion isolation? Remember to read reviews on the internet. They can give you valuable insight into potential issues with your new purchase. Once you’ve narrowed down your choices, try out the mattresses in person if possible. After all, you could spend as much as eight hours each night on the mattress. You should also consider how much support they provide. Research beforehand to determine what firmness level suits your body type and sleeping habits. Compare prices and compare options before you make a decision. Make sure that any special discounts or sales are applied prior to checkout as well – these can make a big difference over time. Keep in mind though that even though buying an organic mattress is an investment, if done right it could last up to 10 years. Why Buy Organic Beds & Mattresses in Oakland? Reduced exposure to chemicals Organic mattresses are made from natural materials, such as organic cotton, organic wool, or natural latex, without the use of synthetic chemicals or pesticides. This is appealing to people who may be concerned about health risks from conventional mattresses which contain chemicals like formaldehyde, flame retardants, etc. Allergies and sensitivities Organic mattresses tend to be hypoallergenic. This makes them suitable for those with allergies or sensitivities. Organic materials are less likely to cause skin irritation, respiratory issues, or other allergic reactions. Organic mattresses typically use sustainable practices and material. Choose an organic mattress to help support environmentally friendly production practices. Organic farming minimizes the use harmful chemicals and promotes water and soil conservation. Comfort and quality Organic mattresses offer comparable comfort and quality to conventional mattresses. Natural materials like organic wool and natural latex are known for their durability, breathability, and temperature-regulating properties, which can contribute to a more comfortable sleep experience. Some people make eco-friendly and organic products a part of their daily lifestyle. The purchase of an organic mattress is in line with the individual’s values and commitment to sustainability. Organic Mattress Facts - Organic mattresses are made with natural materials such as wool, cotton, and latex, and are free from synthetic materials such as polyurethane foam and flame retardants. - Organic mattresses in Oakland provide a healthier sleep environment by eliminating exposure to potentially harmful chemicals. - Organic mattresses are available in a variety of sizes, including twin, full, queen, king, and California king. - Organic mattresses in Oakland, CA are typically more expensive than traditional mattresses due to their higher quality materials and construction. - Organic mattresses are designed to provide superior comfort and support, and are often more durable than traditional mattresses. - Organic mattresses in Oakland, California are available in a variety of styles, including innerspring, memory foam, and hybrid models. - Organic mattresses are available in a range of firmness levels, from soft to extra firm. Organic Mattress Statistics - The organic mattress market in Oakland was estimated to be worth $1.9 billion in 2020. - In 2018, the organic mattress market in Oakland grew by 15% year-over-year. - Organic mattresses account for 5% of all mattress sales in Oakland. - The average price of an organic mattress in Oakland, CA is $1,200. - The average lifespan of an organic mattress in Oakland is 7-11 years. - The average customer satisfaction rating for organic mattresses in Oakland is 8.7 out of 10. - The average customer loyalty rate for organic mattresses in Oakland, California is 87%. Organic Mattress Dealers & Showrooms Near You in Oakland, CA About Oakland, Alameda County, California 94601 Oakland is the most populous city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. A major West Coast port, Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the third-largest city overall in the Bay Area and the eighth-most populated city in California. With a population of 440,646 in 2020, it serves as the Bay Area’s trade center and economic engine: the Port of Oakland is the busiest port in Northern California, and the fifth- or sixth-busiest in the United States. A charter city, Oakland was incorporated on May 4, 1852. Map of Oakland, Alameda County, California 94601. Click for directions. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Who sells organic mattresses near me in Oakland? In Oakland, you can find organic mattresses in many mattress stores. Avocado Mattress and Saatva are three of the more popular options. To find the organic mattress that best suits your needs, it is recommended to visit and explore these stores. What is an organic mattress? Organic mattresses are made of materials free from pesticides and synthetic chemicals. It is made with natural materials, such as organic wool, cotton and latex. Why should I choose an organic mattress in Oakland, CA? Organic mattresses offer numerous benefits. They are hypoallergenic which promotes better air and reduces allergies. These mattresses are eco-friendly as they are made from biodegradable, sustainably-sourced materials. Organic mattresses also provide a great deal of comfort and support, which promotes a restful, rejuvenating night’s sleep. Are organic mattresses in Oakland more expensive than conventional mattresses? Organic mattresses in Oakland tend to have a higher price point due to the quality of materials used and the production process. The investment in an organic bed is well worth it when you consider the benefits over the long term, such as increased health and durability. How can I ensure the organic mattress is truly organic? You should look for mattresses that are certified by third-party organizations such as GOTS or GOLS. These certifications confirm that the materials in the mattress are organic and meet strict standards. Are organic mattresses suitable for people with allergies? Organic mattresses are suitable for most people who suffer from allergies. They are made out of hypoallergenic natural materials and are less likely trigger allergies. To ensure that the mattress you choose is right for your allergies, it’s important to look for certifications and consult with the retailer. Can organic mattresses & beds help with back pain? Organic mattresses can be helpful in relieving back pain. Organic mattresses are often more conformable and provide better support, which allows your spine to be aligned properly and relieves pressure points. You should choose a bed that is suitable for your body. How long do organic mattresses typically last? The life expectancy of an organic bed depends on a variety of factors such as the quality, care, and usage. Generally, organic mattresses are known for their durability and can last between 10 to 20 years with proper care. It is possible to prolong the life of your mattress by rotating it regularly, using mattress protectors, and adhering to the manufacturer’s instructions. Are organic mattresses fire-resistant? Organic mattresses are naturally resistant to flames due to their materials, including organic wool. Wool is naturally flame resistant and does not require chemical flame retardants, which are common in conventional mattresses. However, it is essential to ensure that the mattress you choose meets the required safety standards. Can I try out an organic mattress in Oakland before purchasing? Customers can try out organic mattresses in Oakland’s mattress shops before they buy them. To determine the comfort and support of the mattress, it is best to spend time on the bed in the store. You should also ask the store about their return policy, so that you are sure to have the option of returning or exchanging the mattress. How much does an organic mattress cost in Oakland, California? The price of a mattress made from organic materials in Oakland can be affected by several factors. You can expect to spend between $1,000 and $3,000 on average for a queen-sized mattress made of organic materials. Premium brands and features, such as latex or adjustable bed frames, can raise the price. The brand, the materials used, the certifications (such GOTS or GOL), and retailer markup are all factors that influence the price. You can also find cheaper organic mattresses by shopping at sales, comparing prices between stores, or looking online. A mattress made from organic materials can help you sleep better and promote a healthy lifestyle.

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The Malta Citizenship-by-Investment (CBI) program, also known as Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment, was most recently updated in February 2023. Malta, a small but charming Mediterranean island, offers citizens an opportunity to travel the world and operate business under financially liberal laws. As a country with a population of just over 530,000 people, a dynamic and diverse culture, and tasty cuisine, Malta covers only 316 square kilometres, making it one of the smallest countries in the world in a great location. The program introduced a stricter due diligence process as well as a collection of other requirements. The Citizenship for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment Program under the Maltese Citizenship Act, referred to as Maltese Exceptional Investor Naturalization (MEIN), was created to provide high-value foreign national investors with good moral character an opportunity to obtain Maltese citizenship by making a substantial investment in the country. Today, the program allows investors who contribute to Malta’s Government Fund, an investment in government-sanctioned bonds or stocks, and a real estate investment to qualify for the Maltese citizenship program, provided they meet other criteria set forth by the Maltese government. The Maltese program has quickly become the most exclusive CBI program in the world. It offers advantageous economic policies that you can enjoy by obtaining citizenship via investment. You’ll also have to demonstrate ‘genuine’ links to the country to get a passport, which generally means becoming a Malta resident. The cost of the program is now set at a hefty price of €600,000 if you can provide proof of residence in Malta for a period of 36 months. However, this period can be reduced by exception to a minimum of 12 months subject to an investment of €750,000. It provides citizens already living in desirable parts of the world easy access to the rest of Europe. That sure is an attractive option for people looking for a top-tier passport. That being said, there are plenty more benefits to becoming a Maltese citizen that may prompt you to pursue this Malta citizenship program. Let us guide you through everything there is to know about obtaining a Malta passport and determining whether it is the right program for you. For a small country, Malta’s GDP is on par with the Euro area average, and it has the region’s second-lowest unemployment rate of around 2.7%. It is also one of Europe’s safest countries. Before we get into how the Maltese CBI program works, let’s look at how strong the Maltese passport is and if it’s something you should pursue. What is Citizenship by Investment? Let’s level the playing field if you’re just starting to learn about citizenship by investment. We’ll begin by briefly introducing the concept. More and more high-net-worth people are looking at citizenship insurance. This means they want to have a ‘Plan B’ for themselves, their families, and their businesses, giving them access to somewhere other than their original place of birth. Some are escaping political persecution, while others are simply looking for balmy climates or ways to lower their tax burden. Whatever the reason, a handful of countries around the world offer citizenship by investment programs to attract these individuals and raise capital to build their local economies. Typically, the jurisdictions that offer citizenship by investment (CBI) are those with difficulty diversifying their income, such as island nations dependent on tourism. Attracting foreign capital in exchange for residency and citizenship seems to be a win-win situation, but CBI programs regularly get criticised. Certain corners of society have a persistent belief that CBI applicants are running away from criminal charges, want to launder money or engage in some other shady activity. Meanwhile, the reality is much simpler: most people seeking a second passport merely want to go where they’re treated best. Why Malta Citizenship by Investment? For some, Malta is the country where they’ll be treated best. When we talk about CBI with our clients, one of the first concerns they bring up is the quality of life in the country they’re considering. You see, most countries that offer citizenship by investment are small islands in the Caribbean or the South Pacific, such as Vanuatu. While these countries aren’t necessarily a bad option (and their passports are quite good by usual standards), most people can’t picture themselves actually living there. Second passports are outstanding for many reasons, but one of the issues you need to consider is whether you would want to live in your new country of citizenship if push ever came to shove. Another issue we often hear specifically from Americans looking to renounce their US citizenship is that they want to keep similar passport privileges without the burden of citizenship-based taxation. And although passports for countries like Grenada can offer attractive visa-free access to places like China and Russia, it doesn’t compare to the travel freedom you get with a US passport. Cue Malta. It offers the quality of life of a developed European country, EU citizenship and the proximity to many exciting locations. Plus, its passport is one of the strongest in the world, meaning you wouldn’t have to compromise on passport privileges. Benefits of Getting Malta Citizenship by Investment The Malta citizenship-by-investment program provides applicants with all the privileges of a European passport and more. These include: - Unrestricted access to the European Union: Malta is a member of the European Union. That means investors who obtain Maltese citizenship are allowed to live and work anywhere in the EU. Malta is also part of the Schengen Area, meaning there are no visas or passport checks for travelling throughout the European Schengen Zone. - Visa-free travel: The Maltese passport is one of the strongest passports in the world. Altogether, Malta passport holders can enter a total of 171 destinations – either without a visa, through a visa on arrival or via electronic travel authorisation. - The Maltese citizenship-by-investment program saves time: Another notable benefit of the Malta CBI is how speedy the program’s process is. You can obtain citizenship in 12 to 36 months. Bear in mind that you must be a resident of Malta to gain Maltese nationality. - Family-friendly passport: Under the new Maltese Citizenship by Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment program, not only will you receive a European passport if you are granted Maltese citizenship, but so will your family. It’s worth noting that there is an additional donation fee of €50,000 for every dependent receiving citizenship with the principal applicant. Also, note that children born to Maltese citizens automatically receive citizenship. Therefore, your children and grandchildren will have Malta citizenship for the rest of their lives. - Maltese Is tax friendly: Malta’s tax system hinges on the twin concepts of residence and domicile. Applicants who become residents of Malta but are not domiciled in the country are only required to pay tax on any income they earn or receive in the country. This means it’s possible to obtain Maltese citizenship by investment, claim non-domicile status (your domicile is in another country) and not pay full regular taxes there. As such, Malta offers a number of personal tax breaks and exclusions for specific types of income. How to Get Malta Citizenship by Investment? The CBI application generally takes between 120 and 150 calendar days to process. Once you have received your letter of approval for eligibility, you’ll then begin the Malta citizenship procedure. As is customary, the Community Malta Agency (CMA) conducts due diligence to ensure the citizenship application is completed correctly. Additional papers and information may be requested. The CMA then applies to the Minister, who determines whether or not the applicants are entitled to seek Maltese citizenship. Eligibility for Malta’s Citizenship-by-Investment Program The Maltese citizenship-by-investment program is governed by the Community Malta Agency. This federal government agency states that the principal candidate must meet the following qualifying conditions: - You must be at least 18 years old. - If you have proof of residence in Malta for 36 months, you must donate €600,000; if you have proof of residence there for 12 months, you must contribute €750,000. - Purchase a €700,000 residential home in Malta and retain it for at least five years. Renting a house for a period of five years with a minimum annual rent of €16,000 is an alternative. - Make a €10,000 donation to any Community Malta Agency-approved group. You can also give to a recognised non-governmental organisation or society involved in sports, culture, science, philanthropy, animal welfare or culture. - To apply for citizenship, all adult dependants must hold a residence permit for the required periods. You must have health insurance and a clean criminal record. An important point to note here regarding property is that you cannot sell your property for five years. Applying for Maltese Citizenship: Requirements Any sum between €700,000 and €1,460,000 qualifies as a qualifying investment when applying for Maltese citizenship by investment. The investment criteria include the following requirements (you must complete each requirement listed below to qualify for citizenship): - Donation Requirements: - Provide proof of residence in Malta for a period of 36 months, subject to an exceptional direct investment of €600,000. - This period may be reduced by exception to a minimum of 12 months, subject to a direct investment of €750,000. - For each extra dependent, the cost is an additional €50,000. - These contributions support, among other things, programs in public health, education, job creation and social reform. - The contributions are non-refundable. - Fund Requirements: - Donate at least €10,000 to a recognised non-governmental organisation or society in addition to your contribution. - The entity you make your donation to must be a non-profit organisation. - Real Estate Requirements: - Purchase or lease a real estate property with a minimum value of €700,000 or pay a minimum annual rent of €16,000. - You must keep the property you bought or rented for at least five years after receiving your citizenship certificate. Malta Citizenship-by-Investment Application The application for the Malta CBI program must be filed on the stipulated forms and include all required fees and papers. The due diligence procedure is quite strict and thorough, and if you submit fraudulent information, you will be refused citizenship. You can hire a lawyer and give them power of attorney to act as your legal representative or agent, and this will stay in effect until the operation is complete. The Community Malta Agency does due diligence to ensure validation after receiving the Eligibility Payment Request Voucher (EPRV) a few days later. This method has been enhanced under the new Malta citizenship-by-investment program to guarantee that capital is lawfully inherited. Each applicant is subjected to a comprehensive due diligence procedure, which includes extensive background checks. Furthermore, you must present authentic papers such as criminal police records, evidence of finances, and primary wealth. Malta has the highest level of due diligence. A regulatory report released in 2023 indicated that, between 2015–2021, Malta received 2245 CBI applications. Of these, 1608 were approved and 630 were rejected or withdrawn – a rejection rate of 28%. Each application undergoes four levels of due diligence, and even the tiniest suspicion on the part of the Agency might result in the application being rejected. Malta conducts due diligence like no other CBI program; after all, it does hand out a highly coveted passport. The Maltese system has been called the ‘gold standard’ of all due diligence processes, going into extensive detail on each application. It’s also set to become even more stringent as the program becomes more popular. Currently, the due diligence process has four tiers: - Tier 1: The agent submitting your application carries out standard due diligence. This includes a citizenship eligibility form, which must be filed in order to obtain a residence permit. The agent must also file a birth and marriage certificate with the Public Registry and Passport Office. - Tier 2: Tier 2 due diligence is undertaken to confirm that the application is valid and comprehensive. A few extra papers are needed to capture any extra data. - Tier 3 and Tier 4: Anti-money laundering professionals will check to ensure your application is complete and the documentation is correct. Also, a global database check will be conducted to ensure you’re not acting against any international sanctions and aren’t on any denied person lists. All of the collected information is compiled and reviewed by a risk assessor. A recommendation is made to either accept or reject the application. The attorney/agent submits the Maltese citizenship application to the Agency based on your level of payment. Similarly, the due diligence is updated, and the application is delivered to the Minister, who will decide whether or not you are eligible for citizenship. Then, if you meet the investment and residency conditions, you are invited to swear the Oath of Allegiance in Malta. Finally, you’ll get a Malta passport and a Certificate of Naturalization. However, the Community Malta Agency conducts continual monitoring for five years after you have obtained citizenship. Taxation in Malta Malta’s taxation system is based on domicile, not residency or citizenship status. As an individual, you can never be without a domicile. Generally, you are considered to have a domicile of origin in the land of your nationality and the country where you’ve spent the most significant part of your life. This means if you are not domiciled in Malta, even as someone with citizenship, then only income and capital gains generated from activities inside Malta are fully taxable. Income arising outside of Malta and not sent to Malta is not taxable. In addition, capital gains arising outside of Malta, even if brought into Malta, are not taxable for non-domiciled residents. - If you live in Malta for less than 183 days, you are not automatically considered a tax resident and, therefore, only pay tax on income earned in Malta. - However, if you regularly spend a longer time in Malta and establish personal and economic ties in the country, even if less than 183 days a year, you may be considered a resident for tax purposes. Advice On Immigration to Malta Having Malta’s passport in your portfolio is an excellent move. However, getting Maltese citizenship is a complicated process. It requires physical presence and time spent in Malta. However, the benefits of immigration to Malta far outweigh the requirements. You have unlimited access to pretty much the entire world. Maltese citizenship is generational, so your descendants will benefit from it, too. Moreover, the taxation policy, in the long run, is a win-win. When looking at Maltese citizenship, it’s best to consider it in terms of investment. Are you willing to put in the time and resources? If the answer is yes, we encourage you to go for it. If the answer is yes, we’ll gladly help you. You’ll need guidance from people who understand the immigration process to Malta and, more importantly, who understand your specific needs. At Nomad Capitalist, we take great pride in our holistic strategies, carefully designed for your individual circumstances and needs with unmatched attention to detail. Our team provides guidance that enables you to protect your assets, grow your wealth and optimise your taxes. We have helped 1,500+ high-net-worth individuals and can help you, too. Find out how by contacting our team today. Malta Citizenship by Investment – FAQs Even though we wrote extensively about the program, the procedure and the pros and cons of Malta’s CBI program, you might still have questions. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about obtaining a passport from Malta: Yes. You can pass on your citizenship to your children. The minimum is 12 months, although it will most likely be closer to 14 months before you receive your Maltese passport. Since you must give Malta your biometric information (e.g., fingerprints), you will have to travel to either Malta or one of its international embassies to apply to the Maltese CBI program. Luckily, you’ll only be required to make the entire investment after passing the application’s due diligence step. No. You don’t need to pass any language tests to be considered for Maltese citizenship. Yes, dual citizenship in Malta is legal. You can hold two or more citizenships when you receive your Maltese passport. Do note, however, that the country of your first passport might not allow dual citizenship. Yes, your name will be publicly available as all names of new citizens of Malta are published in the Government Gazette once a year. Is It Worth Investing in a Maltese Passport? Unfortunately, there is no straight answer; it depends on your personal circumstances and financial goals. But all in all, Malta is a fantastic passport. Purchasing a Maltese passport through the CBI program gives you and your family many privileges and a safe haven should you ever need it. Maltese Citizenship by Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment program is the fastest way to get a Malta EU passport. On the other hand, Malta’s isn’t the easiest or most accessible CBI program. Although the process for Maltese CBI is straightforward, you must meet numerous requirements. Bear in mind also that you’ll be paying more for a second passport when compared with other cheaper CBI programs. You need to be a resident of Malta for a minimum of one year after obtaining your residency card. However, you don’t have to live there to get CBI; you have to go there occasionally for up to 25 days, but full-time living is not a requirement. Also, you’ll need to carefully consider how getting a Malta passport for sale will impact your current plans and strategies since it will restrict your movement for at least a year. That being said, Malta’s CBI program is an interesting option as it gives you a European passport with Schengen access – that’s undoubtedly valuable and should be a consideration for those looking to plant a flag and go where you’re treated best. We bring decades of personal and professional experience to the table. Work with our team to create a strategy and a road to obtaining Maltese citizenship via investment that will offer you wealth and happiness both now and in the future.

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Of Anglicans and Ecumenical Councils Anglo-Catholics (of whom I count myself one) frequently appeal to the “seven ecumenical councils” as a source of authority for Christian dogma. On the face of it, this seems to be a rather solid place to put down one’s doctrinal anchor, but is it? Upon closer examination, two contrary conclusions present themselves, namely: - The “seven ecumenical councils” are not a recognized source of ultimate authority for Anglicans. - The so-called seventh ecumenical council makes assertions and anathemas that are patently un-catholic. Its decrees are not authoritative for the universal church, and it is therefore not an ecumenical council. Now, it might appear that I am just antagonizing my APA brothers over at Earth & Altar, but that is not my goal. I believe that if we are not clear in the Anglican Church about what our real authorities are, and what they say, and what they prohibit, then there is in reality nothing preventing Anglicans from becoming Roman Catholic (as we have seen several high-profile cases of recently) or Eastern Orthodox. Indeed, I think without the catholic restraint of our clear Anglican formularies, there is actually a positive force pushing for the swimming of the Tiber (or Bosphorus), resisted only by aesthetics or inconsistency. (As an aside: I am aware that most of the continuing bodies, since the 1977 Affirmation of St. Louis, have placed the “seven ecumenical councils” as their standard for doctrine, but I hope to show that this was a departure from, and not an organic development within, the Anglican Tradition, which I think is much better summarized in the language of the Fundamental Declarations of the Anglican Church in North America: “Concerning the seven Councils of the undivided Church, we affirm the teaching of the first four Councils and the Christological clarifications of the fifth, sixth and seventh Councils, in so far as they are agreeable to the Holy Scriptures.” I hope this essay shall establish this contention.) WHAT ANGLICAN FORMULARIES ASSERT Article Eight of the Thirty-Nine Articles asserts that the Apostles’ Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the Athanasian Creed, “ought thoroughly to be received and believed: for they may be proved by most certain warrants of Holy Scripture.” What here goes by the name of “Nicene Creed,” as that Creed is printed in the Prayer Book (and as it has always been known in the West; the Symbol of Nicea (325) never getting well-circulated) is now more carefully called the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, because it was formulated in the Second Ecumenical Council of 381, as being the Definition of Faith that came out of that Council. (Here it is worth noting, that not everything that is mentioned at an Ecumenical Council is ecumencially binding. All of the councils have disciplinary canons and letters-received that were a part of the council’s work, but these lesser productions are matters of discipline and practice, and have often been shaped and re-shaped over the years. It is the definition of the Faith and the corresponding anathemas that are of ecumenical and eternal significance. The neglect of this distinction is what has led to some claiming that Nicea II enjoins the Invocation of Saints. When I refer simply to a council, I mean it as a short-hand way of referring to the Definition of the Faith that came out of that council.) In receiving the Nicene Creed as we do then, Anglicans are automatically committed to the first and second ecumenical councils. The Athanasian Creed, which historians believe to be a product of southern Gaul in the late 4th or early 5th century, contains the doctrine of the Trinity that was formulated at Ephesus (431) and its correction to her overly-zealous disciples, Chalcedon (451). The language and thought is in places identical, in places perfectly harmonious with these two ecumenical councils, and so, by way of the Athanasian Creed, all Anglicans are bound to these councils as well. Thus far we have seen that the Thirty-Nine Articles, in enjoining the Creeds that compose the prayers of the Church in the Book of Common Prayer, bind all Anglicans to rest the doctrinal expression of the Faith on the first four ecumenical councils. Thus far, all Anglicans are agreed. But what of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ecumenical councils? What do our Anglican Formularies (The Thirty Nine Articles, The Book of Common Prayer, The Homilies, the Canons of 1604) say about them? The Prayer Book is silent. The Articles are silent. The Homilies speak of them only in one place, in the Homily Against Peril of Idolatry. This near total silence does not mean that we Anglicans fail to recognize the Faith that St. Maximus confessed, so ably defended against the many permutations of monophysitism in the 6th and 7th centuries. On the contrary, the second part of the homily on idolatry commends the sixth council for condemning “the heresy of the Monothelites, not without cause indeed, but very justly.” The Definitions of Faith that came out of Constantinople II & III are indeed perfect extensions of the orthodoxy of Chalcedon. They were formulated to do battle with those who had already fundamentally rejected Chalcedon. But if you have Chalcedon, you already have the truth of the 5th and 6th Councils. In many ways the further-definitions of these councils were a uniquely eastern ecclesial problem, and inter-relate with idiosyncratic and historically-conditioned anthropologies (how do mind, will, nature, and person, inter-relate, as notionally and/or ontically distinct parts of a human being?). These councils do not generate the sort of heat and fame as the first four. They are remembered by the Anglican Church as they seem to be remembered by the Ancient Church: As secondary and derivative. As being of a slightly different character than the first four. Indeed, even among the first four, the first – Nicea – is clearly preeminent in memory, and to which the latter all pay homage. Manifestly, “the seven ecumenical councils” do not appear in our Anglican formularies of the 16th century. So, when do they appear? SEARCHING FOR AUTHORITY IN THE FACE OF AN UNDESIRABLE PAPACY The idea of “seven ecumenical councils” began to be refined as a source of doctrine first by the Greek Church somewhere in the 10th or 11th century. When the tearing away of the Western (Roman) Church was being perceived, and the Pope in Rome was claiming increasingly more authority for himself, the East realized it could not bear with such novelties, and so it codified the “seven ecumenical councils” as their seat of their teaching authority. Thus it has been with them ever since — dogma has remained essentially frozen since the last ecumenical council, even as doctrine and piety have continued to develop in esoteric directions (vide, Hesychasm). Four hundred years later in the West, when there were three rival claims to the papacy (which, recall, at this point post-unum sanctum, was self-understood to be the most powerful position on earth), in the midst of the Avignon schism, theologians started to wonder whether or not the papacy was all that it claimed to be. Perhaps councils had supreme authority? This idea became known as conciliarism and was promulgated by luminaries like Jean Gerson and Nicholas of Cusa. The necessity of a council to end the dispute about the papacy (The Council of Constance 1414-1418) bolstered the theory, but in the end it was squashed by a powerful Medici pope (Leo X) who reasserted the supremacy of a pope over any council at the so called “eighteenth ecumenical council”, Lateran V. The idea of conciliarism had a little bit of an after-life in Lutheran dreams of what reformation could look like, but ultimately was foreclosed by the papally-directed council of Trent. A generation later, Philippe Labbe (1607-1667) would compile the first ever printed collection of all the acts of all the Church Councils that had happened in the past 1500 years. In these he lists with an adjective those councils that are ecumenical, and in no way distinguishes the councils that took place before the Great Schism with the East from those that took place after, numbering the council of Trent as the nineteenth “ecumenical council”. This work was further codified by Giovanni Mansi, the editor who gave his name to the foundational collection of conciliar documentation still used as a primary source today. Prior to these printed collections, the “fifth” and “sixth” ecumenical councils had remained in relative obscurity, but now they formed a part of an official list. When Vatican I (1870) happened, and the Pope was declared by a slim majority of voting Bishops to be the infallible authority and ground of certain truth for the magisterium of the Church, a number of German and Swiss clergy and theologians were profoundly disgruntled. They joined the already disgruntled “old catholic” archbishop of Utrecht, and led by the inimitable Döllinger, through several conferences at Bonn in the 1870s, formed a union of so-called “old-catholics” who received traditional catholicism generally, but who rejected Vatican I and Papal Infallibility. In their quest to identify an authority that could unite and under-write their new ecclesial outfit, they latched on to the Greek motto: “The Seven Ecumenical Councils!” After the first “seven” it was plain that papal authority began to rise, and an inevitable trajectory from the Great Schism to Vatican I could clearly be seen. Coupled with a desire to unite fragmented groups, and to spear-head a non-papally submissive ecclesiastical reunion, the convictions of the Eastern Orthodox were taken into account, and thus the first seven were circumscribed as the locus of authority for “old catholics.” Thus does the idea of the “Seven Councils” enter the consciousness of Churchmen in the West for the first time in world history. Prior to the 1870s, Anglicans chiefly spoke of four ecumenical councils (vide, Lancelot Andrewes), or occasionally six (vide, Richard Field, William Palmer), but with Döllinger’s influence in England, and dreams of church reunion ascendant in the minds of catholically-convicted Anglicans, Anglicans for the first time began to speak of “the seven ecumenical councils”. As interaction with the Greek and Russian Orthodox churches ballooned among Anglicans in the early 20th century, this formulation seemed to be particularly amenable to ecumenical dialogue with our brothers in the East. Then C.B. Moss, the Anglican Historian who was a second generation devotee to the Big Ideas of the “old catholic” movement, further emphasized the seventh ecumenical council in his novel 1957 essay. This seems to be the linking node for the awareness of the clergy who gathered in St. Louis in 1977, and ever since “the seven ecumenical councils” has been a watch-word in the continuing churches, and increasingly normal among all catholically-minded Anglicans. It is worth noting though that even Forward in Faith North America (FiFNA) didn’t have “the seven ecumenical councils” in its doctrinal documents until the revision of their “Declaration of Common Faith and Purpose” in July of 2013. In tracing this history it is evident that what has been normal for the last generation of Anglicans — to speak of “the seven ecumenical councils” as normative for doctrine — is in fact a borrowed idea that was presented by German scholars who were revolted by Vatican I, and it manifestly does not come from out of our own Anglican formularies, and therefore are not an ultimate authority. Indeed, outside of the first four ecumenical councils, ratified by the Creeds that embody their doctrine, the Articles are quite cautious of councils in a general sense, and therefore, of Nicea II (787) in its particulars. Article 21 very plainly states, “when they [General Councils of the Church] be gathered together, (forasmuch as they be an assembly of men, whereof all be not governed with the Spirit and Word of God,) they may err, and sometimes have erred, even in things pertaining unto God. Wherefore things ordained by them as necessary to salvation have neither strength nor authority, unless it may be declared that they be taken out of holy Scripture.” One of the reasons that Anglican Divines have never historically spoken of “the seven ecumenical councils” is because the “seventh” council — Nicea II — has always been understood as falling under the sentence of Article 21 as having erred. This is made explicit in the Homiliy Against Peril of Idolatry that concurs with the council of Frankfurt that the Second Council of Nicea (787) was an “arrogant, foolish, and ungodly council” and that the outcomes of receiving Nicea II were likewise disastrous, “Thus we see what a sea of mischiefs the maintenance of images hath brought with it,” and agreeing with my assessment of the early church, concludes: “That images and image worshipping were in the primitive Church, which was most pure and uncorrupt, abhorred and detested as abominable and contrary to true Christian religion; and that, when images began to creep into the Church, they were not only spoken and written against by godly and learned bishops, doctors, and clerks, but also condemned by whole Councils of bishops and learned men assembled together.” If an “ecumenical council” is defined as one that promulgates and defines the Faith of the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church in such an orthodox manner that it is received by the universal church as bearing witness to the Faith that has been held from the beginning, then, by definition, Anglicans do not consider Nicea II to be an ecumenical council, as was plainly voiced in the Homilies. EXAMINING NICEA II (787) MORE CLOSELY Just to be clear at the outset, to throw shade on Nicea II does not mean actively supporting the iconoclasts, or even to claim that the theology that animated the council is itself inherently wrong. On the contrary, in many cases it would be ipso facto sacrilege to destroy a holy image. The hearty theology of St. John of Damascus continues to be a bulwark against Docetists, ancient and modern. But the Second Council of Nicea goes much further. To be clear (and this is Tanner’s translation, the trusted in the field) the final Definition of Faith of Nicea II states: We decree with full precision and care that, like the figure of the honoured and life-giving cross, the revered and holy images…are to be exposed in the holy churches of God, on sacred instruments and vestments, on walls and panels, in houses and by public ways Not just can be, but are to be — a point driven home by two of the attached anathemas: If anyone does not accept representation in art of evangelical scenes, let him be anathema. If anyone does not salute such representations as standing for the Lord and his saints, let him be anathema. “Anathema” means to be cast out of the Church and the Communion of the Body of Christ, for holding false doctrine and acting on it. To be anathema is to be opposed to catholic Christianity. One must avoid anathema in order to maintain the Faith that was once for all delivered to the Saints. So, were the assembled bishops of Nicea II right when they declared thus and anathematized thus? Let us zoom out and take a larger view of the Church to answer that question: IF IT’S NOT APOSTOLIC, IT CAN’T BE CATHOLIC Since the Christian Faith, by definition, cannot change, by virtue of its conciliar anathemas, Nicea II is claiming that it is of the essence of the Christian Faith to (1) make images of Christ and his Saints, and (2) To honor those images with a gesture of reverence. In other words, that this is nothing more nor less than the catholic faith. The Faith that was delivered to the Apostles, and has been believed in all places, at all times. So, is this true? A cursory knowledge of the earliest days of the Church speaks plainly to the contrary. The Apostolic record, a.k.a. the New Testament, while it gives plenty of instructions to the Church, including things like the regular public reading of Scripture (1 Tim 4:13), says nothing about the necessity of making and honoring images. The earliest records from the Church after the Apostolic Age — that invaluable collection of ‘Apostolic Fathers’ — says nothing about the necessity of making and honoring images. The very earliest images on display in the Church are present in the Roman catacombs, and they are all typological representations of Old Testament scenes, I.e. indirect portrayals of Christian truths, and therefore were almost certainly not reverenced with gestures. Icons as we know them today seem not to have existed in any way until the late 4th century at the earliest, and the reverence shown them seems to be a later development still. So, if Nicea II were true, it would mean that St. Paul and St. John and St. James and the other Apostles were insufficiently informed about what is and what is not of the Faith. So too were 300 years of Christians and martyrs who spread the Faith to the ends of the World — their faith was deficient. They would have fallen under the anathemas of Nicea II, if they could have heard them. All those who hold a Newmanian understanding of ‘The Development of Doctrine’ (such as our friends in the continuing churches) are often saying “We believe dogma stays the same, but devotion can develop” or something to that effect. But Nicea II explicitly takes the devotion to Icons and asserts that it is actually a matter of dogma for the Church. To claim the “seven ecumenical councils” as an authority is to claim Nicea II, which is to admit that dogma can develop. And, if it can develop thus, why can’t it also develop a higher view of the papacy, or of the conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary? Indeed, Newman himself brought candor to his own logic by becoming Roman Catholic. GOD HAS MANIFESTLY BLESSED LEADERS AND MOVEMENTS IN THE CHURCH THAT WOULD FALL UNDER THE ANATHEMAS OF NICEA II As well as condemning the Apostles themselves — a most sacrilegious thought — the Definition and Anathemas of Nicea II, if they were truly the voice of the Spirit of God speaking through the Council, would certainly be ratified by the judgments of God that followed after it. But is this the case? Have all those who failed to make and to honor images withered and dried up by cutting themselves off from the vine, the way all bodies that hold false-doctrine are inevitably cast down? No, they have not. Indeed, even apart from our own Anglican heritage, which for 300+ years never exercised let alone prescribed the honoring of images, some of the greatest movements of God in the Church have had more caution than zeal about images. First and foremost the mighty work of St. Bernard and the Cistercians — the cornerstone of all enduring monasticism in the West — comes to mind. In every Cistercian abbey for its first hundred years, images were intentionally excised, and when kept, placed in such a way as to not invite obeisance. While the Apostles might be a disputed case, surely a movement 300 years after Nicea II would not have been such a tool of revitalization in the Hand of God if it was in its very constitution anathema? This is just one example, but hopefully a sufficient one, to demonstrate that there does not appear to be a heavenly ratification of the dictums of Nicea II. Nicea II was the first in a long line of official acts in the Church — in both the East and the West — of forgetting that God forbids adding to the Faith as much as he forbids taking away from the Faith (Rev 22:18-19). The Decree and Anathemas of the Council do not square with what we know of the Faith of the Apostles, nor with vibrant reform movements like the Cistercians. Until the 1870s, no Anglican ever claimed Nicea II as authoritative, and the very idea of “seven ecumenical councils” was an import from a renegade 19th century, anti-papal German reunion movement. I hope that one day Anglicans will see that our own formularies are as excellent as they are authoritative, and are most useful for circumscribing the true Faith of the Church: The actual Faith that was once for all delivered to the Saints, rather than a man-made amalgam of our own devising.

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Deleting your TikTok account for several reasons, like bullying, online harassment, or addiction, is quite common. But then, people start becoming fed up with the platform and want to move on. Usually, they make these decisions in a rush, and after a few days, they immediately want to join back. Are you one of those people? Are you looking for steps to recover the TikTok account that you have recently deleted? Then you have come to the right place. To recover your deleted TikTok account, you need to Open TikTok>Tap On The “Login” Button>Log in to your TikTok account that you want to recover>Enter your login credentials>Choose “Cancel Deactivation” or “Reactivate” Optoin>Get your account back. Today we will be looking at different kinds of account deletion and know which can be recovered and which cannot. I will also give you tips to prevent your account from getting a permanent ban. Be sure to check it till the end. Can TikTok Permanently Delete My Account? Tiktok is a huge platform with millions of active users. Creators try their best to show you exciting and relevant content only. Anything you dislike or hurt your feelings won’t be brought up to you. If anything as such happens, you can also get someone’s account banned on TikTok. So as a creator, you must be aware of what you are posting, and your videos should follow the basic community guidelines of TikTok. If your content doesn’t abide by the rules of TikTok, then some of your videos will get deleted. If this activity continues, then TikTok might ban or delete your account permanently. In such a case, you must learn possible methods to get around a TikTok ban. Last year in March, TikTok deleted many accounts permanently whose account holders were kids younger than 13 years old. TikTok is strict regarding its users’ age and won’t even let you create an account if you are not eligible. The minimum age requirement for TikTok is 13 years old. So, if your account is underage, then there is a chance that your account can get permanently deleted. In such a case, you can not get your deleted TikTok account back as you violated the Terms and Conditions of TikTok. Also read: “Why Did TikTok Delete My Account?” Can I Recover My Permanently Deleted TikTok Account? If TikTok has permanently banned your account or you have deleted it permanently, then sorry, there is no way to recover your deleted TikTok account. You will lose all your videos and virtual items, and you won’t even get a refund. However, you can submit an appeal on TikTok for a banned account. Alternatively, you can report the problem to TikTok. If the officials at TikTok are kind enough, then they might consider lifting the permanent ban on your TikTok account. But I am not sure if this works 100% of the time or not. Also Read: “How To Submit An Appeal On TikTok?”. Can You Recover Your Deleted TikTok Account After 30 Days? If you ever decide to delete your TikTok account, TikTok allows you to do so. But just in case you later change your mind, TikTok keeps your account for the first 30 days after you delete your account in the deactivation phase. After those 30 days pass, you cannot recover your deleted TikTok account as it gets permanently deleted. So you can get your deleted TikTok account back only within those 30 days. Steps To Recover Your Deleted Account If you have personally deleted your account and are back within 30 days then the account is just disabled, and you can easily recover it. Follow these simple steps to retrieve your account, ensuring all your videos and virtual items remain intact. Make sure to have your account credentials handy before you start. Step 1: Open TikTok On Your Device First, find and open the TikTok app on your phone or tablet. If you don’t have TikTok yet, don’t worry! You can get it by downloading the app from your “Play Store” if you’re using an Android device or from the “App Store” if you’re using an iPhone. Look for the TikTok icon (it’s usually a black note with a white, stylized “d” inside) and tap on it to open the app. Step 2: Tap On The “Login” Button Now that you’ve opened TikTok, the app will greet you with a screen asking you to log in. Look for the “Login” button in the middle of the screen – it’s usually highlighted with a bright pink color. Give it a friendly tap with your finger. Step 3: Log In To Your TikTok Account That You Want To Recover After tapping on the “Login” button, TikTok will now take you to the login section, where you’ll see different options to log in. These options might include things like entering your username and password, using your phone number, or logging in with your email, Facebook, Instagram, etc. Choose any of these options that you usually use to log in to your TikTok account and log in to your TikTok account that you want to recover. Step 4: Recover The Deleted TikTok Account After successfully logging in to your TikTok account, TikTok will guide you to a special section where it asks if you want to “Reactivate Your TikTok Account.” In this section, you’ll see two options: “Reactivate” and “Log Out.” Your goal is to get your account back, so tap on the “Reactivate” button. It’s usually highlighted in a friendly pink color, making it easy to spot. After you tap “Reactivate,” TikTok will work its magic, and your deleted account will be recovered. How To Recover TikTok Account With Only Username? You can use your username to log back in during the reactivation process. However, you must provide your password to log in to your account. If the password is also forgotten, then you can try and change the password from the “Forgot Password” option on the signup page. How To Avoid TikTok From Permanently Deleting Your Account? Preventing your TikTok account from getting permanently deleted is a thing that every creator on all platforms works for. In TikTok, there is a high chance that your videos will affect or impact a large number of people because there are more active users. There can be several reasons why TikTok deletes accounts. So, while creating any kind of video, you must ensure that your clips don’t violate the rules and regulations of TikTok. If many people report your videos posting inappropriate content, pretending to be someone else, inappropriate profile info, or other reasons, then TikTok will permanently delete your account. Some basic ways of avoiding a permanent account ban or deletion on TikTok are: 1. No Animal Cruelty When you’re making TikTok videos, it’s important to be kind to your furry friends. TikTok is a big fan of our furry friends, and they don’t want any harm coming their way. Imagine TikTok as a friendly zoo where everyone loves animals. So, when you’re creating, make sure your videos are free from anything that might be mean to animals. TikTok takes a really strong stance against animal cruelty because, just like us, they want animals to be happy and safe. So, keep it cheerful, keep it friendly, and make TikTok a happy place for everyone, especially our animal buddies! 2. No Self Harm or Dangerous Acts It’s super important that your videos don’t show anything that could hurt yourself or others. This means no videos about hurting yourself, doing dangerous things, or talking about stuff that could be harmful. TikTok wants everyone to be safe and happy, so if your video shows something risky, it might give people bad ideas, and that’s not good. We want everyone to enjoy TikTok without any harm. So, when you’re creating, remember to keep it safe and positive. That way, you’re not only having a good time, but you’re also looking out for everyone who watches your awesome videos! 3. Correct Info And No Nudity When you’re creating videos, make sure there’s no naked stuff or anything that’s too sexy. TikTok wants everyone to feel comfortable, so keep your videos clean and free from anything too private. Also, TikTok likes to know who you really are, so it’s important to give them the right information. When you sign up, tell them your correct birthday – it’s like saying, “Hey, TikTok, this is me!” This helps TikTok make sure everyone using the app is the right age for the content. So, remember, keep it tasteful, keep it real, and let TikTok know the true you! That way, everyone has a great time on the app. 4. Hate Speech Is Not Allowed Your videos mustn’t say mean things about anyone – whether it’s about their community, who they are, their religion, race, job, or anything else. TikTok is a place for good vibes! Even though it might be tempting to talk about controversial stuff to get attention, it’s not cool. TikTok is like a big, friendly neighborhood, and we want to keep it that way. If a lot of people report your video for being mean, TikTok might have to say goodbye to your video or even your account. So, let’s spread positivity and keep TikTok awesome for everyone. Remember, saying no to hate speech means saying yes to a happier TikTok community! 5. Terrorism Is Not Allowed Your videos should never show anything related to terrorists or groups that use violence or threats to scare people, governments, or even international organizations. TikTok takes this very seriously. Think of TikTok as a happy place for creativity and good vibes. If your video shows anything related to terrorism, it’s a big no-no. We want everyone to feel safe and enjoy their time on TikTok. So, when you’re creating, make sure your content is all about spreading joy and not fear. By steering clear of anything related to terrorism, you’re helping keep TikTok a place where everyone can have fun without worry. 6. Representation Of Dangerous Activities And Organizations Prohibited Your videos mustn’t include anything that represents dangerous people or groups. This means no symbols, logos, flags, slogans, uniforms, gestures, or pictures that relate to anything harmful. TikTok is like a cool and friendly party, and we want to keep the vibe positive. If your video shows anything connected to dangerous activities or organizations, it’s a big red flag. TikTok wants everyone to feel good and safe while using the app. So, when you’re creating, make sure your videos are all about good times and creativity. Avoid using anything that might make TikTok a less happy place. Also read: “How To Protect Your TikTok Account”. How To Delete A TikTok Account? Thinking about saying goodbye to TikTok? Deleting your TikTok account is a straightforward process. To delete your TikTok account permanently, start by opening the app and navigating to settings and privacy. From there, access manage account, tap deactivate or delete account, choose to delete account permanently, pick a reason for leaving, continue, confirm data request, proceed, input your password or 6-digit code, and finally, tap delete account to complete the process. For more detailed guidance on deleting your TikTok account, including additional tips and understandings, feel free to check out our comprehensive article on “How To Delete A TikTok Account?” We’ve got you covered with step-by-step instructions to make the process smooth and hassle-free. What Happens When You Delete Your TikTok Account? So, do you want to delete your TikTok account? Maybe you’re sick of the near-constant stream of influencer drama, you’re worried about data privacy, or you just need a break from the constant onslaught of content. Whatever your reasons, deleting your TikTok account is relatively simple. However, it’s worth noting that there are a few things that happen when you delete your account. First off, all your videos and stuff will vanish. Everything you posted and saved on your device disappears, and once you delete it, you can’t get it back. Make sure you’re sure before hitting delete! Also, your account info says bye too. Your followers, who you’re following, and any awards you got – are all gone. If you ever come back to TikTok (lots of folks do), you’ll be starting fresh. Difference Between Temporary Deletion And Permanent Deletion Sometimes you might want to delete your TikTok account because of various reasons arising in your head. It never gets permanently deleted whenever you decide to delete your TikTok account. The creators of the app consider that you might one day want to join back and start creating videos. So, whenever you delete your TikTok account, it is under the deactivation phase initially for 30 days. This can be referred to as a temporary deletion or deactivation period. If, within 30 days of deleting your account, you change your mind and want to get back, then TikTok allows you to do so freely. It won’t ask you any questions, and getting back is just as easy as signing in. But if you don’t try to recover your account within 30 days, then TikTok will permanently delete it. In addition, TikTok will permanently remove all of your videos from the platform. You will no longer be able to log in to TikTok with the same account. All of the virtual items like coins, gifts, and diamonds that you have purchased using that account will be lost, and you won’t get any refund. This is called permanent deletion, and TikTok nor I will be able to help you recover your account after it is deleted permanently. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Some frequently asked questions on how to recover deleted accounts are given below. How To Recover Deleted Drafts In TikTok? If you accidentally deleted your TikTok drafts, no worries! There are a few ways to bring them back. Check your phone’s gallery or camera roll, look in the “Liked Videos” section on TikTok, and if you save drafts to your SD card, give that a peek too. For a step-by-step guide, check out our article “How To Recover Deleted Drafts In TikTok?” Are Your Comments Still There If You Remove Your TikTok Account? They do not. They will be sent to an empty page if they click the link to your profile page in the remarks mentioned above. Can TikTok Users Watch My Video If I Have Deleted My TikTok App? If you have only deleted your TikTok app rather than deleting the account, users can easily find and view your TikTok. So the answer is yes; they can view your TikTok videos if you have only uninstalled your TikTok app. Does Deleting TikTok Delete Your Drafts? Yes, TikTok will erase all your data, including your drafted videos, automatically. So, you must be aware before deleting your app that TikTok drafts are only stored locally on your phone; rather, you should post them in private or public if you want them in your saved camera roll. Does Removing A TikTok DM Make It Disappear? We won’t skirt the issue in this discussion. A message on TikTok cannot be “undone,” if you will. Both you and the receiver’s phones will have the message destroyed if you delete it from your phone’s memory, but the recipient will still be able to retrieve it in their inbox. Will My Private Videos Be Deleted If I Uninstall TikTok? No, all your private videos are stored in a TikTok database even after you delete or uninstall the app; they state them as in the privacy terms since they are personal as well; no one can view them. Can We View TikTok Videos Of Deleted Account? No, TikTok videos won’t appear if you have deleted your account because deleting your TikTok will erase all of your databases. As in, If you’ve deleted your TikTok account, they probably won’t be able to see any of the videos you posted. TikTok is a friendly app that won’t take harsh steps against you if you abide by the rules. If your account is temporarily deleted, you can easily recover it. But if you are back after the deactivation phase, everything will disappear, and no one can help you. So, please abide by the rules while posting on TikTok or any other social media platforms. Especially on TikTok, there is a high chance that more people will see your video, so you must be careful. You must consider all people’s thoughts, feelings, and ideologies before uploading a video. I think I have included everything related to a recovered deleted TikTok account. I hope you can recover your account and prevent TikTok from deleting it in the future. Any feedback or recommendations will be heartily welcomed in the comment sections below. To learn many more about TikTok Tips and Tricks, visit our official website Online Help Guide.

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This article has been written by Oishika Banerji of Amity Law School, Kolkata. This article provides a detailed analysis of the well-known Burari death case that had grabbed several eyes back in 2018. This article has been published by Sneha Mahawar. The Burari deaths case was a terrifying incident back in 2018 where 11-members of a family in Burari, Delhi had killed themselves. Many call it to be a case of mass suicide. While very little is known about the case, the majority of the information stands baseless or unreasonable, as has been often portrayed by television media. A family with a deep inside story was revealed to the world in a much better way because of Leena Yadav’s documentary on Netflix titled, ‘House of Secrets: the Burari Deaths‘. Until a death in 2007, the Chundawats (familiarly called the Bhatia family), were like any other middle-class family, settled and focused on a better future. While many who viewed the family from the outside thought they had found consolation in spirituality, there is no one left to describe what happened behind the four walls of the Burari house. The present article highlights the much-discussed case from different angles and information that were available, so as to make the reader understand the story behind the closed doors of the 11-member family. Mysterious death of 11 members of a family On 1st July 2018, when the neighbors, Gurcharan Singh, Kuldeep Singh, and Pritpal Kaur went to check the Bhatia family (originally Chundawat), who owned a grocery shop and had neither opened the same in the morning (which generally used to open at 5:30 am in the morning) nor had collected milk from the daily milk-man and were not responding to the neighbors’ calls, they found the main door open as it was not locked from inside. As they went upstairs, they were left shocked to discover nine family members hanging from an iron grill on the ceiling of the roof in a circular formation. The tenth member, a lady, was hanging right opposite to them and their mother was lying in the other room, on the floor, near her bed. The family members were blindfolded, hands and feet bound, while they had hanged themselves. The family’s dog, the only member alive, was tied on the roof and was said to be barking continuously. Three generations lived together in the same house. All of the members were well-educated and well-adjusted social members. It was a family of 11 members who were living in that house in Burari, Delhi. The matriarch, Narayani Devi, was a widow who was a mother of three sons and two daughters, among which two sons and one daughter used to reside with her in that house. Bhuvnesh was the elder son and Lalit was the youngest. Both were married to Savita and Tina respectively. While Bhuvnesh and Savita had two daughters and one son (Maneka, Neetu, and Dhruv), Lalit and Tina were parenting one son only, Shivam. Narayani Devi’s daughter Pratibha was the mother of her only daughter Priyanka. The family had a general store and the younger son, Lalit had a plywood business. Neighbors have claimed that the family was doing fairly well in both their businesses. Professed to be religious people, neighbors, relatives and associated colleagues claimed that the 11-member family involved nice, generous, and harmonious people who were never involved in fights amongst each other or with people around. While the children in the family were intelligent, good in academics, and offered respectful behaviour, the other members were eager to help their relatives and friends whenever in need. Sujata Nagpal, the surviving sister, and eldest brother, Dinesh, agreed to the opinions of the neighbors about her family when she was asked about the same. None of the family relatives were accepting the fact that the 11-member daily had attempted a mass suicide. This was majorly because the family had thrown a huge celebration for one of their daughters, Priyanka’s engagement, that happened exactly 14 days before the occurrence of the discussed incident. Role played by the Delhi Police Rajeev Tomar, Head Constable, Burari Police Station (2017-2020) and also the family’s former neighbour was the first one to be informed about the horrific incident which was presumed to be a suicide initially. Tomar witnessed the aforementioned happenings and was of the opinion that the mass suicide formation depicted a banyan tree. When Manoj Kumar, Station House Officer (SHO), Burari Police Station (2016-2019) had approached the crime scene with his team, he claimed to have never witnessed such an incident in his entire career. Witnessing lack of circumstantial evidence contributing to the alleged mass killing, no sign of burglary as the women were wearing all their ornaments and absence of signs calling the incident to be a suicide as the members were blindfolded along with lack of suicide note, the police officers were perplexed with more questions than answers. Owing to the fact that the family-owned grocery store is often crowded in the morning time, the news of the incident started spreading like forest fires which was an add-on challenge for the investigators. Media reporters, curiosity among residents nearby and around the locality had all gathered to take a glimpse of the unusual occurrence. Therefore, controlling the crowd and safeguarding the crime scene was of foremost importance and the same was dutifully carried out by the Delhi Police. Forensic Science Laboratory, Delhi (FSL) was informed of the spine-chilling incident subsequent to which they had arrived with their expert team. Both FSL and the police investigators were of the opinion that the motive behind the happening of the incident was to be known. The police officials during the investigation period took into account the footage of a CCTV camera which was positioned in one of the walls of the house, front-facing the lane, was checked from the previous night till the time of the incident. This was carried out in order to rule out the possibility of an outsider’s entry and to ensure that no outsider had their involvement in the incident that took place. Because of the surviving family members’ claim, a murder case was registered by the police initially, although the latter had dissented with the former. In the FIR lodged by the police officials, the entire incident and the evidence taken care of were detailed. The bodies of the 11 members were properly packed before they were sent to the mortuary. They were brought down by the police officials only. The post-mortem reports revealed that the deaths of the members were due to hanging only. The eldest member of the family, Narayani Devi had died due to partial hearing. The presence of faecal matter (digested, solid waste) in the large intestine of all the dead members suggested that no one was stressed. The case was further shifted to Dr. Joy N Tirkey, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Crime Branch, Delhi, and his team. Crime branch and the investigation that was carried out When the crime branch took into account every minute detailing in the house where the incident had taken place, they were of the opinion concerning a few things which were: The elder son, Bhuvnesh had tried to set his hands, which were tried, free, as clear signs of struggle could be seen in his fingers. The children of the house were tied not only by their hands but also by their feet, ruthlessly with telephone wires. There were no signs of struggle by any of them. Both eyes and mouths were tapped and their ears were stuffed with cotton. The eldest member of the family, Narayani Devi was found lying dead in the other room beside her bed with a half-turned body. There was a belt around her neck which resulted in a few marks on the side of her neck.Everyone in the family had a scarf around their neck, which was used to hang themselves. Evidence of a ritual that was performed the night before was discovered as well. A leftover ritual pyre was found. From the ashes that were lying around the pyre, it was clear that the same was used a day prior to the incident.On 28th June 2018 (as the CCTV camera had shown), Tina, Lalit’s wife, and her son, Shivam were seen to have purchased four stools. Further, on 30th June 2018 at 9:40 pm, Tina was seen to be carrying some newly purchased tools with Neetu. At 10:29 pm, Lalit’s son, Shivam, was seen opening their plywood shop and carrying a small bundle of wires upstairs. A packet of milk was kept in the fridge for the following day’s usage, and Lalit, the family’s youngest son, had recharged the phones of other family members the day before the event. In the kitchen, soaked chana dal (black gramme) was discovered, most likely for the next day’s supper. A register was found beside the temple in the house. After a rigorous search, 11 diaries were discovered where the earliest entry was dated 2007 and the last entry was made the night before the incident (2018). 11 diaries and the story behind them The crime branch had opined that the language that was used in the diaries was instructional, commanding, and conversational. The last page of the diary had all the instructions that needed to be followed by the family, and that eventually unfolded to become a horrifying incident. The first mention of Bhopal Singh in Lalit’s diaries occurs on September 7, 2007, when the notes had asked the family to remember him by keeping his black-and-white photograph in front of them. The September message had stated, “Mann mein dhyan yahi rakho ki Daddy meri purani aadatein chhut jaye” [pray that you get rid of your old habits].On 24th June 2018, the last diary entry that was made explained a ritual called “Banyan Tree Ritual” which would run for a period of seven days along with the puja called, Badh Puja. Badh is originally a tree that has its roots hanging from the branches. The time of the incident was mentioned in the diary (supposedly at 1 am in the morning). Concerning the Badh Puja, it was instructed that; The same would be religiously carried out for a period of seven days and if anybody would have come to visit the family then the puja was supposed to take place the following day. It was directed that nothing related to the puja should be visible to any of the outsiders coming to the house. Dim light should be used in the puja and eyes should be completely shut. The blindfold should be properly tied in the eyes, the mouth should be gagged by a handkerchief, and the mind should be focused and empty. The eldest member, Narayani Devi was directed to complete the ritual by lying down only as she was aged and overweight. It was directed that while performing the puja, it should be imagined that the branches of the tree were wrapping themselves around an individual’s body. The ritual should therefore be performed with unity and determination, which will help repent mistakes. 4. The diaries mentioned every little and minute detail that the family was abiding by in order to conduct their lives. The diaries also had indications of the family conducting witchcraft and occult practices. It felt as if some third person or mystical energy was directing the 11 members thereby controlling them. 5. Although the crime branch had tried to contact some person with a religious or a spiritual background who were related to the family, their efforts went down the drain as no such contact was available. Expert evidence and sayings in light of the Burari deaths case The Bhatia family was headed by Bhopal Singh, the husband of Narayani Devi who had died in 2007. After his dismissal, the family was leftover with no one who could control it or be an authoritative figure to control the ups and downs associated with it. Clinical hypnotherapist Anita Anand claimed that in a typical Indian family when the patriarch dies, there is a vacuum in the family. A somewhat similar kind of incident could be noticed in this case. Bhopal Singh, until his death, used to control the family, their planning, children’s education, etc. The responsibilities that Bhopal Singh used to swiftly carry out-landed over on his youngest son, Lalit’s shoulders, after his death. Friends and relatives of Lalit voiced that it was because of his maturity and decision-making skills which made other family members follow him and treat his sayings as the supreme one. It is to be noted that neighbours, friends, and relatives of the family have repeatedly agreed to the fact that the deceased Bhopal Singh was a very nice, broad-minded human being and therefore it was unlikely of him expressing such commands. Entry in the diary had started right after Bhopal Singh’s death and the majority of the directions and diary entries were concerning Lalit. As the investigation proceeded, experts and state actors came to recognize the youngest son of Narayani Devi, Lalit to be the mind behind the Burari incident. Lalit was supposedly involved in direct communication with his deceased father in his dreams where his father used to tell him how to conduct the family and the same was followed. He started sharing these conversations with his family. It was Neetu, one of the children who had informed the neighbors that her uncle, Lalit, was possessed by their grandfather’s spirit and it was the latter that guided them. Whenever Lalit used to converse with his family about the instructions he received from his dead father, his voice used to change to that of his father’s. The diary clearly mentioned that the deceased father’s spirit would visit the family every Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, and Sunday. The instructions that were given resulted in the financial well-being of the family. This made the family believe more whatever the deceased father was directing. It was promised that the deceased father, Bhopal Singh was supposed to visit the family after completion of the Banyan Tree ritual and save the family members. The irony was although the family was made to believe that they will be saved, they eventually called their death all by themselves. Savita and Tina, Narayani Devi’s daughters-in-law, fulfilled the stereotype of capable housewives. They got up early, prepared food for the family, looked after the youngsters and the elderly and were kind and well-behaved to everyone they encountered. Dr. Virendra Singh, Handwriting Division, Forensics Science Lab, Delhi was provided with the copies and diaries that were discovered from the Bhatia family’s house for identifying the handwriting in the entries. It was revealed that Pratibha’s daughter, Priyanka, and Bhuvnesh’s daughter, Neetu, were the ones who were writing these notes. As it slowly came out to the experts involved in the present case that Lalit was the one behind the incident, they could gradually read the minds of Lalit and the thought-process he had been going through. In many ways, he had felt being out of control, as has been explained by clinical hypnotherapist Anita Anand. The Chundawats changed their way of life as well. They ceased to consume and prepare non-vegetarian meals. At home, Bhavnesh quit drinking. Pujas became a common occurrence. The number of stores expanded from one to three, including Lalit’s plywood shop, Bhavnesh’s grocery store, and the third one they were opening jointly, as well as the house’s floors. The story surrounding Lalit In 1988, Lalit had his first bike accident because of which he was hospitalized for a prolonged period. It was revealed that due to the accident, Lalit had suffered head injuries. Friends have claimed that he used to fall asleep very early. After shifting to Delhi, Lalit had been subjected to another attack on 26th March 2004, which was more about an attack with an intention to kill him. This incident had taken place when Lalit used to work in a plywood shop in the suburbs across the Yamuna river. He was locked in the shop and set ablaze. This occurrence had resulted in Lalit losing his voice. Vascular surgeon, Dr. Ambrarish Satwik observed that it was highly unlikely for a person to lose his voice unless there is physical damage, trauma, or disease in the larynx. Clinical psychologist, Dr. Roma Kumar made an observation in light of the present case stating that nobody in the family had tried to offer treatment for helping Lalit recover from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although the doctor who had treated Lalit had suggested a psychiatrist check-up taking into notice his conditions, the family had ignored the same. In the language of psychology, if a trauma is not treated in any individual who has been subjected to it, a certain level of psychosis sets in, which is the inability of the mind to deal in a rational way. One of the direct results of psychosis is hearing voices. A year after his father’s death, Lalit had regained his voice. Neighbors have claimed that Lalit’s behaviour pattern appeared to be changing a few days before Priyanka’s engagement was scheduled to take place. It was possibly his belief system that reminded him that nobody should be leaving the house and going away. He had slept for a period of two days at a stretch after the engagement. Conclusion of the investigation After the ground investigation was completed, the crime branch had decided to go for a psychological autopsy in which a group of scientists and psychologists go into the minds of the dead individuals in order to find out what had happened. It was Lalit who had psychosis and he was slowly transmitting it to his family members, making it a case of shared psychosis. This was why the family members had started believing Lalit blindly. It was discovered that the family had not planned to commit suicide, instead, it was the circumstances that made them do so. The crime branch had concluded the three-year-old investigation stating that the Burari death case was neither a murder nor a suicide as there was no foul play involved, it was specifically an accidental death that had taken place. The eldest brother had donated the eyes of the family members prior to cremating them. Rumors and stories that feed common people’s minds Reporters had noticed 11 pipes (7 facing downwards and 4 facing straight) in one of the bare walls of the house where the family used to reside and the place of occurrence of the incident. They had related the same with the fact that the 11-member of the Bhatia family who had died, consisted of seven females and four males. The matter of fact was that the pipes were placed in a similar way in which the family had tied themselves from the iron ceiling. The news which was shown in the television media claimed that the pipes were fitted in order to let the 11 souls escape, although the person who had installed the pipes aired away such claims and firmly believed that the pipes were installed for light and ventilation. There were 11 grills that were present in the main entrance door of the house and 11 rods in the railing of the terrace. Along with the same the house had exactly 11 windows and vents. The idea behind the same was that the number 11 had significance and deep relevance with the Burari incident. The plumber who had fitted the pipes in the house, his daughter, Geeta Mata, was unnecessarily dragged into the incident and was related to being a tantrik who was responsible for the death of the 11 members. The media had interviewed the woman and declared her to be associated with black magic, just because she was dressed in red clothes. Geeta Mata was referred to as the family’s spiritual guru although she burst all bubbles relating to the Burari incident and claimed that she was unnecessarily harassed by the media. Burari deaths and the learning India’s federal government released the country’s first National Mental Health Policy five years ago. Although the intentions are genuine, accomplishing the objectives appears to be a difficult task. The government intends to ensure that all mentally ill persons have access to high-quality care. According to the policy, “Poverty and mental ill-health are intimately connected in a negative vicious cycle and those from lower socio-economic categories are more sensitive to mental-health problems.” It pledges to enhance financing and ensure the availability of sufficient competent workers. One of the policy’s main goals is to combat stigmatization. The prevalence of mental morbidity is found to be very high in metropolitan areas, where there is a higher frequency of schizophrenia, mood disorders, and neurotic or stress-related diseases. The reasons behind the same could be fast-paced lifestyles, experiencing stress, the complexity of living, a breakdown of support structures, and issues of economic instability. The Burari death incident questions the very existence of Indian society and the mechanism with which it is functioning. This question becomes stronger when it is revealed that the family members who had killed themselves were educationally and financially well-off. They represented themselves to be a ‘perfect Indian family’ which had its own secrets hidden for a period of 11 years. Mental illnesses are stigmatized and shamed across all socioeconomic classes. As a result, patients themselves are often hesitant to seek expert assistance. They believe that they would be regarded as a shame and that their relatives may reject them. Patients often do not like to admit that they have a mental health condition, whether it be anxiety, sadness, or addiction. The fact that addictions can be fueled by anxieties and depression, makes the scenario even more difficult. Lalit’s situation might have been somewhat similar to the above discussion. In India, there is virtually little forensic psychiatric infrastructure and training. The majority of psychiatric units lack a specific forensic psychiatry ward or unit. The treating psychiatrist, who has had little or no formal training in forensic psychiatry, does the majority of forensic examinations. As a result, rather than being based on expertise and competence, many judgments are made via trial and error or in good faith. Further, in India, there are no specific forensic psychiatric training programs. After completing three years of basic psychiatric training, countries such as the United Kingdom provide a three-year advanced structured training program in forensic psychiatry. There are a few places in the country where forensic psychology training is being offered. While Burari’s death is one such case where a psychological autopsy was carried out, there are a plethora of such cases that fail to reach the media radar and therefore do not come out in the open. Not that the investigation, in this case, was in any way wrong or negligent in the process but what is more intriguing is that India even in the 21st century lacks communication and openness within its society. In a case where there are no offenders, no witnesses and no victims, it is generally very difficult to reach a conclusion amidst wildfire rumours and superstitious beliefs heavily prevalent in Indian society. The Burari death case was somewhat like that and therefore even though the police investigators, crime branch and other state actors have reached the conclusion that the case was an accidental death, surviving family members and relatives refused to agree to the same till today. Well-known journalist Barkha Dutt, in light of the Burari incident, has said that one of the things that had gone clearly wrong with this case and the reason why people have very little knowledge about the Burari case was because of the way it was reported, possibly in a crime drama manner. The involvement of numerology and tantrik dimensions have been key catalysts in presenting the case in an exaggerated way before the general public. The Burari incident speaks of the lack of interconnectedness in society. To a considerable extent, Indian culture is clearly unprepared to address mental health difficulties in ways other than appealing to morals or repeating religious precepts. It exacerbates the challenges caused by society’s rapid change. Ancient community relationships are still important to many individuals, but they are disintegrating in many circumstances, not only because traditional standards no longer match a modernising society. This is most visible in cities, but it also impacts rural communities, which now have access to not just mass media and the internet, but also connect with relatives who have relocated to the metropolis. India’s mental-health system must become an essential element of the country’s overall healthcare structure if it is to develop. Psychiatrists and psychologists must work more closely with general practitioners and specialists. Students of Lawsikho courses regularly produce writing assignments and work on practical exercises as a part of their coursework and develop themselves in real-life practical skills. LawSikho has created a telegram group for exchanging legal knowledge, referrals, and various opportunities. You can click on this link and join: Read more: blog.ipleaders.in

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Reading Chinua Achebe’s No Longer At Ease in 2023, six decades after it was first published, the story offers a historical reckoning and a prophetic warning about Nigeria’s future. Did a refusal to heed this warning have a calamitous effect on Nigeria and its people? Editor’s note: This essay is available in our print issue, Pan-African Dreams. Buy the issue here. In Nigeria the government was ‘they’. It had nothing to do with you or me. It was an alien institution and people’s business was to get as much from it as they could without getting into trouble. — Chinua Achebe: No Longer At Ease Chinua Achebe’s second novel, No Longer At Ease, is set in colonial Nigeria, on the cusp of Nigeria’s independence. Chronologically the last of the Achebe trilogy, it tells the story of Obi Okonkwo, grandson of the great Ogbuefi Okonkwo, protagonist of the author’s seminal first novel, Things Fall Apart. No Longer At Ease opens with Obi on trial for corruption. Although we learn of his conviction early on, Achebe is concerned with exploring the deeper underpinnings, perhaps to help the reader resist the temptation to see Obi as bad and instead understand how a flawed system consumes even the most idealistic of people. Reading No Longer At Ease in 2023, 63 years after it was first published, the story offers a historical reckoning and a prophetic warning about Nigeria’s future. Did a refusal to heed this warning have a calamitous effect on Nigeria and its people? Obi embodies the convergence of multiple societal changes. Educated in 1950s England through the collective efforts of his poor kinsmen, he returns as Umuofia’s hope and as one more young Nigerian in a generation destined to lead the country after independence. He is the first of his people to get a foreign education and, subsequently, land a prestigious senior civil role. His journey and its implications are not lost on Umuofia. Not only will the repayment of his fees allow the Umuofia Progressive Union to educate others, but his senior civil service position will also open doors of opportunities to them—or so they think. The difference between their expectations and Obi’s becomes clear at his welcome event when the union secretary speaks of how their town ‘could now join the comity of other towns in their march towards political irredentism, social equality and economic emancipation,’ while Obi spouts his high ideals, preaching ‘Education for service, not for white-collar jobs and comfortable salaries.’ For Obi, four years of geographic dislocation have now given way to cultural and ethical dislocation. He neither fits in with the Africans nor the Europeans. Obi is proud of his culture; still, it is possible to love one’s heritage and baulk at certain aspects and beliefs, like his kinsmen’s insistence that he cannot marry his fiancée, Clara, because her family is considered Osu. There’s a constant ideological struggle between his education and daily reality, the Christian faith in which he was raised and the traditional customs of his people. THEORIES OF A CORRUPTION-FREE NIGERIA From the jump, Obi’s return is riddled with complications. His time in England had him convinced that the corruption plaguing the Nigerian public service was due to the ‘old Africans at the top’. He believes that replacing those officials with ‘young men from the universities’ will fix things. Upon his return, he’s confronted with the depth of the problem. From a minister of state who publicly condones bribery to everyday citizens who berate Obi for foiling an attempted bribe, corruption seems omnipresent. As the chairman on Umuofia warned at the welcoming party, ‘white men… eat more (bribes) than black men nowadays.’ No Longer At Ease takes place in a Nigeria on the brink of autonomy, a nation in flux, and Obi stands at the crossroads of change. His ideals put him at odds with almost everyone: his kinsmen, family, friends, and even his racist boss, Mr Green, who believes all Africans are corrupt. Achebe’s prose is, in places, sublime storytelling, almost as though he were recounting events according to traditional formats and merely helping us access it in English. In other places, it is academic, reflecting Obi’s scholarly interests. It is these scholarly interests that engaged my curiosity as I tried to consider the protagonist’s predictions and convictions in light of the future Nigeria of which he dreamt—a future we now inhabit. When Obi thinks about solving the problem of corruption, he ponders, Where does one begin? With the masses? Educate the masses? …Not a chance there. It would take centuries. A handful of men at the top. Or even one man with vision – an enlightened dictator. People are scared of the word nowadays. But what kind of democracy can exist side by side with so much corruption and ignorance? The irony is palpable when one juxtaposes Nigeria’s dictatorial anti-corruption efforts with the stark reality of corruption among the military leaders themselves. Their anti-corruption schemes abound. From the first coup’s lofty promises to eradicate the menace of bribery and corruption to Murtala Mohammed’s Pedro Martins Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau and Shehu Shagari’s Ethical Re-Orientation Committee and the Code of Conduct Bureau. Even General Sani Abacha, Nigeria’s last dictator, took the reins of leadership with a promise to tackle both corruption and indiscipline. This is the same dictator about whom Bola Ige, the former Minister of Justice and Attorney General, wrote: The late dictator General Sani Abacha. He and his collaborators are estimated to have embezzled assets of at least $5 billion. That sum includes monies allegedly derived from the systematic misappropriation of funds from the Central Bank of Nigeria, bribes received from foreign companies and kickbacks on inflated contracts with Nigerian companies under the control of the Abacha family. It’s an unsettling truth that some of Nigeria’s past military leaders orchestrated some of the country’s largest heists. Thus, while one part of Obi’s question has been answered by the failure of so-called enlightened dictators from the 1960s to 1998, today, the wider question is still valid, especially in the wake of a Nigerian democracy that has become entrenched with corruption. Obi’s challenges in the novel are not limited to ideology. He easily embraces the perks of his position, including a 570 pounds annual salary, clothing allowance, car advance, leave bonus and an apartment in Ikoyi which had only recently been opened up to Africans in European posts. Obi, however, does not realize what the system will take from him, so he is constantly caught by surprise—by income tax, car insurance, accountability for leave allowance, etc. Despite the relative privilege of his position and salary, he often finds himself ill-prepared to navigate the nuances of his new life. Having received an education by the sweat of his kinsmen, Obi’s future is mortgaged before it has even begun. Umuofia is described as a place, ‘where men and women toiled from year to year to wrest a meagre living from an unwilling and exhausted soil;’ so Obi’s senior civil service role makes him wealthy to them. Expectations abound: that Obi will help his parents, repay the loan from his kinsmen, pay his brother’s fees, pay for his mother’s treatment and later, her funeral, and that he will not marry a woman from what they consider an unsuitable family. He does all that, even when it leaves him with next to nothing financially and emotionally. Perhaps the greatest lure of No Longer At Ease is that Obi is, by any measure, a middle cog in the wheel. Yes, educated with a coveted senior civil role, yet without the esteem of the minister of state nor the power of his colonialist-leaning boss, Mr Green. A middle-class Nigerian one paycheque away from ruin or, in his case, corruption, Obi was likely recognizable and relatable to Achebe’s early readers who would have been those who studied abroad or in the few elite Nigerian universities of their day. In the end, Obi’s inability to manage the pressures leads him to accept bribes. Another key narrative in this book is the protagonist’s relationship with Clara. On one hand, it shows his mental desire to subvert harmful norms. On the other hand, it reveals the breaking point at which Obi aligns with patriarchy (refusing to accept help from Clara), with culture (postponing his marriage because his mother threatens suicide), and with corruption (accepting bribes to solve his financial woes). At its heart, No Longer At Ease is about systems, expectations, and ideals. In Achebe’s 1950s Nigeria, corruption is already here, already talked about, and there are predictions that a failure to address this cancerous problem would have long-term retributive costs in the country’s future. Achebe’s novel desists from making simplistic connections between characters, so one cannot surmise that the loss of his mother and Clara inevitably led to the loss of his ideals. However, it is easy to make connections between Obi’s access to power on the Scholarship Board, the lackadaisical attitude of everyone around him towards bribery, and the temptation to abuse his position of authority. His eventual willingness to justify his bribe-taking by only dealing with those who met the minimum educational and other requirements is portrayed in Chapter 19: ‘Then one day someone brought twenty pounds. As the man left, Obi realised that he could stand it no more.’ Unknown to Obi, this bribe, the last one as he determined it to be, was part of an anti-corruption sting and it earned him a conviction. Obi himself proved wrong his theory that the educated youth would save Nigeria from corruption. Today, if someone wrote a story about a corrupt Nigerian civil servant on trial for receiving a bribe of less than 50 per cent of their monthly salary (where the current minimum wage is N30,000 or £27) everyone would scoff and say the story doesn’t ring true. Corruption is everywhere, everyone knows. Unlike Obi’s time, it’s just not prosecuted often enough. In addition, there’s a discernible shift in the dynamics of the civil service. In the 1960s, when Obi Okonkwo worked for the government, graduate civil servants held senior roles and were relatively well compensated. In 2023, the civil service scenario paints a grim picture. A Level 9 Grade 6 entry-level graduate, under the Consolidated Public Service Salary Structure, earns a recently adjusted salary of N126,000 (equivalent to £113 pounds). In contrast, Obi’s 1960 salary of £47, when adjusted for inflation, is £1,384. This stark disparity underscores the decline in remuneration, with senior civil service roles (which are inaccessible to entry-level graduates) today fetching around £500 pounds monthly. Despite this, the average Nigerian graduate still faces financial and social expectations akin to those during Obi’s era. Yet, unlike in Obi’s time, the system extracts much more but gives back far less as Nigeria grapples with a staggering 40 per cent unemployment rate and a 12.5 per cent underemployment rate amongst graduates according to a 2020 report by the Nation Bureau of Statistics. With a corrupt and extractive system, it’s no wonder that, in 2022, Nigeria scored 24/100 on Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index, ranking 150th place out of 180 on the list of least corrupt countries. The current leading anti-corruption institutions, the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, were established by President Olusegun Obasanjo at the beginning of the Fourth Republic (1999 till date). The ICPC, which is currently tasked with the ‘investigation, prosecution, and prevention of offences of corruption,’ only secured 90 convictions in the last four years. It is important to note that some ordinary Nigerians have, over the decades, attempted to fight against the problem at great personal cost. Most recently, in 2020, young Nigerians took to the streets to protest the brutality and extortion meted out by the Special Anti-Robbery Squad across the country. However, the climax of this movement was marred by the extrajudicial killing of these peaceful protesters. Obi Okonkwo was naive to assume that the problem with Nigeria was a dearth of ideas or institutions. The problem is multi-pronged and multi-layered. However, the main culprits are the transient nature of the several anti-corruption efforts and a bureaucratic system that fiercely resists change. As Nuhu Ribadu, the former head of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, remarked after surviving an assassination attempt, ‘When you fight corruption, it fights back.’ IT MIGHT INDEED TAKE CENTURIES While Obi believed that educating the masses would take centuries, he nevertheless thought that his generation would positively influence Nigeria post-independence. ‘In ten years, things will be quite different to what they are now,’ Obi said to his father as both men sat in the light of the old man’s hurricane lamp one night in Umuofia. Indeed, this was a prevalent sentiment on the cusp of independence and in the early years of post-independence Nigeria. And for good reason too. After all, this was the generation in which young people wrestled colonial powers and won independence, held office, and had a say in the affairs of the country. In fact, from the First (1963-1966) to the Third Republic (1992-1993) and intervening military incursions, the average age of Nigeria’s leaders was 46; however, neither youth nor dictatorship ended corruption as Obi hoped. Instead, corruption grew as did the average age of leaders, with many of the same once-young leaders still holding on to power. In Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, the average age of presidents has been 63. After his arrest, Obi quickly crosses from being Umuofia’s hope to being their albatross. His kinsmen are bothered by many things, including how little the bribe was (‘But we have a saying that if you want to eat a toad you should look for a fat and juicy one.’) and Obi’s foolishness at accepting the bribe himself (‘What others do is tell you to go and hand it to their houseboy’). In the end, the main source of their agony is the loss of their investment in him since Obi is Umuofia’s only son in what was then still largely considered a European position. Like many today, the people of Umuofia failed to realize that the problem of corruption is not just about personal enrichment; it is about all the other ways it wrecks its direct victims and the society at large. In 2011, Human Rights Watch wrote that ‘corruption is at the heart of many of Nigeria’s most serious human rights problems, including access to justice, police brutality, violations of economic and social rights.’ Six decades after publication, No Longer At Ease remains a profound reflection on the nature of systemic corruption, with Achebe capturing the protagonist’s complexities with kindness and unflinching truth. If Achebe’s critique of Nigeria seems harsh, then, as Achebe puts it, ‘that harshness comes from concern.’ Today, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Adewale Maja-Pearce, Elnathan John, Ayobami Adebayo and many other Nigerian writers, driven by the same concern he describes, continue to publish work that depicts the corrosive effects of a flawed system in the world’s largest Black nation. If Achebe’s book was a prophetic warning intended to compel readers to reflect on Nigeria’s state of affairs at the time, then, in the order of the biblical Prophet Ezekiel, he was sent to a stubborn, unyielding people. The challenges he depicted in his second novel have now morphed into a behemoth, and the country cannot boast concrete measures being taken to address the issue. Therefore, today’s storytellers must remain unyielding prophets. ‘Whoever will listen let them listen, and whoever will refuse let them refuse (Ezekiel 3:27)’, but let it be said that the storytellers did their work⎈ NO LONGER AT EASE 91 PP. PENGUIN CLASSICS, PENGUIN BOOKS, 2010 ENGLAND (KINDLE EDITION) The views, thoughts, and opinions published in The Republic belong solely to the author and are not necessarily the views of The Republic or its editors. We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editors by writing to [email protected].

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Delicious Shrimp And Andouille Sausage Curry Published: February 15, 2024 Indulge in a mouthwatering blend of shrimp and Andouille sausage curry, perfect for satisfying your craving for delicious eating. Discover the ultimate comfort food! (Many of the links in this article redirect to a specific reviewed product. Your purchase of these products through affiliate links helps to generate commission for Simplelivingeating.com, at no extra cost. Learn more) Table of Contents Welcome to the world of tantalizing flavors and aromatic spices! In this article, we will embark on a culinary journey to explore the exquisite realm of Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry. This delectable dish is a harmonious fusion of succulent shrimp, savory Andouille sausage, and a rich medley of spices, creating a symphony of flavors that will tantalize your taste buds. Originating from the vibrant and diverse culinary landscape of Louisiana, this curry is a celebration of bold and robust flavors that have been perfected over generations. The marriage of plump, juicy shrimp with the smoky, spicy notes of Andouille sausage creates a dish that is both comforting and exhilarating. As we delve into the art of preparing this mouthwatering curry, we will uncover the secrets of balancing the heat of the spices with the natural sweetness of the shrimp and the robustness of the Andouille sausage. Each ingredient plays a crucial role in elevating the overall taste, resulting in a dish that is nothing short of extraordinary. Throughout this culinary exploration, we will unravel the step-by-step process of creating this curry, from selecting the freshest ingredients to mastering the art of blending spices. Whether you are a seasoned home cook or a passionate food enthusiast, this recipe promises to ignite your culinary creativity and inspire you to savor the joys of cooking. So, roll up your sleeves, sharpen your knives, and prepare to embark on a gastronomic adventure as we unlock the secrets of preparing the perfect Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry. Get ready to infuse your kitchen with the irresistible aromas of spices and indulge in a dish that embodies the essence of Southern comfort and culinary finesse. Read more: Cajun Pumpkin Stew With Andouille Sausage To embark on the culinary journey of creating the tantalizing Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry, it is essential to gather a carefully curated selection of ingredients that will form the foundation of this exquisite dish. Each component contributes to the symphony of flavors, ensuring a harmonious balance that will elevate the curry to culinary perfection. - 1 pound of large shrimp, peeled and deveined: The succulent and tender nature of the shrimp serves as the star of this curry, infusing it with a delightful sweetness and a delicate texture. 2. Andouille Sausage: - 12 ounces of Andouille sausage, sliced: The smoky, robust flavor of Andouille sausage adds depth and complexity to the curry, creating a perfect complement to the shrimp. - 1 large onion, finely chopped: The aromatic sweetness of onions forms the flavorful base of the curry, enhancing its depth and richness. - 4 cloves of garlic, minced: The pungent and earthy notes of garlic infuse the curry with a tantalizing aroma and a layer of savory complexity. 4. Bell Peppers: - 1 red bell pepper, diced: The vibrant and slightly sweet flavor of red bell peppers adds a pop of color and a refreshing crunch to the curry. - 1 green bell pepper, diced: The slightly tangy and crisp green bell pepper complements the other ingredients, contributing to the visual appeal and overall balance of flavors. - 2 ripe tomatoes, diced: The juicy and tangy essence of fresh tomatoes introduces a bright and refreshing element to the curry, enhancing its overall vibrancy. 6. Coconut Milk: - 1 can (14 ounces) of coconut milk: The creamy and luscious coconut milk serves as the velvety backdrop for the curry, imparting a luxurious texture and a hint of tropical sweetness. 7. Spices and Seasonings: - 2 teaspoons of curry powder: The aromatic blend of spices in curry powder adds a warm and fragrant essence to the dish, infusing it with layers of complexity. - 1 teaspoon of paprika: The smoky and slightly spicy undertones of paprika contribute to the rich and robust flavor profile of the curry. - 1/2 teaspoon of cayenne pepper: The fiery kick of cayenne pepper introduces a tantalizing heat that elevates the overall flavor profile of the curry. - Salt and black pepper to taste: The judicious seasoning of salt and black pepper ensures a well-balanced and harmonious flavor profile, enhancing the natural taste of the ingredients. 8. Fresh Herbs: - 2 tablespoons of freshly chopped cilantro: The vibrant and citrusy notes of cilantro add a refreshing herbal element to the curry, enhancing its overall aroma and visual appeal. By meticulously selecting and combining these high-quality ingredients, you will lay the groundwork for a Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry that is nothing short of extraordinary. Each component contributes to the symphony of flavors, ensuring a harmonious balance that will elevate the curry to culinary perfection. Prepare the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage: - In a large skillet or Dutch oven, heat a tablespoon of oil over medium-high heat. Add the sliced Andouille sausage and cook until it turns golden brown and releases its smoky aroma. Once done, transfer the sausage to a plate and set it aside. - In the same skillet, add another tablespoon of oil and sauté the shrimp for 2-3 minutes, or until they turn pink and opaque. Once cooked, remove the shrimp from the skillet and set them aside with the Andouille sausage. Sauté the Aromatics and Bell Peppers: - Using the remaining oil in the skillet, sauté the finely chopped onion until it turns translucent and begins to caramelize, infusing the air with its sweet aroma. - Add the minced garlic to the skillet and sauté for an additional 30 seconds, allowing its rich fragrance to permeate the dish. - Incorporate the diced red and green bell peppers into the skillet, stirring them gently until they begin to soften and release their vibrant flavors. Introduce the Tomatoes and Spices: - Add the diced tomatoes to the skillet, allowing their juices to meld with the aromatic medley of onions, garlic, and bell peppers. - Sprinkle the curry powder, paprika, and cayenne pepper over the vegetable mixture, stirring gently to ensure that the spices coat the ingredients evenly, infusing the air with their warm and fragrant essence. Create the Luscious Curry Base: - Pour the creamy coconut milk into the skillet, allowing it to envelop the vibrant medley of ingredients in its luscious embrace. Stir gently to combine, creating a velvety and aromatic curry base that promises to tantalize the senses. Simmer and Unite the Flavors: - Return the cooked Andouille sausage and shrimp to the skillet, nestling them into the rich and aromatic curry base. Allow the flavors to meld and intertwine as the curry simmers gently, creating a harmonious union of savory and succulent elements. Season and Garnish: - Season the curry with salt and black pepper to taste, ensuring a well-balanced and harmonious flavor profile that accentuates the natural essence of the ingredients. - Sprinkle the freshly chopped cilantro over the curry, infusing it with a vibrant and citrusy herbal element that adds a refreshing touch to the dish. Serve and Indulge: - Once the curry reaches a gentle simmer and the flavors have melded to perfection, it is ready to be served. Ladle generous portions of the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry into bowls, allowing the tantalizing aromas to entice your senses. - Serve the curry alongside steamed rice or warm, crusty bread, allowing the velvety sauce to mingle with the grains or soak into the bread, creating a truly indulgent dining experience. By following these meticulous instructions, you will master the art of creating a Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry that embodies the essence of culinary finesse and Southern comfort. Each step is a testament to the careful orchestration of flavors, ensuring that every bite is a symphony of delight for the palate. Tips for Making the Perfect Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry Creating the perfect Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry is an art that requires attention to detail and a deep understanding of flavors. To elevate your culinary prowess and ensure a truly exceptional dining experience, consider the following tips: Select High-Quality Ingredients: The foundation of an outstanding curry lies in the quality of its ingredients. Opt for fresh, plump shrimp, flavorful Andouille sausage, and vibrant, ripe vegetables. The superior quality of the ingredients will shine through in the final dish, enhancing its overall depth and richness. Balance the Heat: Achieving the perfect balance of heat is crucial in a Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry. Adjust the amount of cayenne pepper to suit your preference for spiciness, ensuring that it complements the other flavors without overpowering them. Remember, the goal is to create a harmonious blend of heat and savory notes. Layer the Flavors: Building layers of flavor is essential in creating a complex and multidimensional curry. Sauté the aromatics until they release their natural sweetness, allowing the flavors to develop and meld. Introduce the spices at the right moment to infuse the dish with their aromatic essence, creating a symphony of flavors that unfolds with each bite. Simmer to Perfection: Allowing the curry to simmer gently after combining the ingredients is key to marrying the flavors and achieving a cohesive taste profile. This slow simmering process enables the spices, aromatics, and proteins to intertwine, resulting in a curry that is rich, aromatic, and deeply satisfying. Embrace Creativity: While traditional recipes provide a solid foundation, don't be afraid to infuse the curry with your personal touch. Experiment with additional herbs, spices, or a splash of citrus to elevate the flavors and make the dish uniquely yours. Serve with Care: The presentation and serving of the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry can elevate the overall dining experience. Consider pairing it with fragrant jasmine rice, fluffy basmati rice, or even a side of warm, buttered naan to soak up the luscious sauce. Garnish with a sprinkle of fresh cilantro to add a burst of color and a final touch of freshness. By embracing these tips, you will embark on a culinary journey that celebrates the art of flavor harmony and culinary finesse. The perfect Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry awaits, promising a symphony of flavors that will captivate your senses and leave a lasting impression on all who partake in this culinary masterpiece. The Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry is a culinary masterpiece that deserves to be presented and enjoyed in a manner that complements its rich flavors and aromatic profile. When it comes to serving this delectable dish, there are several delightful suggestions that can elevate the dining experience and showcase the curry in all its glory. Steamed Jasmine Rice: The fragrant and delicate nature of steamed jasmine rice serves as an ideal accompaniment to the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry. The fluffy grains of rice provide a neutral canvas for the robust flavors of the curry, allowing the velvety sauce to mingle with each bite, creating a harmonious and satisfying dining experience. Basmati Rice: For those seeking a slightly nutty and aromatic pairing, basmati rice offers a delightful alternative. The long, slender grains of basmati rice complement the curry's flavors, adding a subtle fragrance and a light, fluffy texture that enhances the overall dining experience. Warm Naan Bread: Embrace the art of dipping and savoring by serving the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry with warm, buttered naan bread. The soft and pillowy texture of naan provides the perfect vehicle for soaking up the luscious sauce, allowing each bite to be a delightful amalgamation of flavors and textures. Quinoa: For a nutritious and wholesome twist, consider pairing the curry with fluffy quinoa. The nutty and slightly chewy texture of quinoa adds a delightful contrast to the creamy curry, offering a gluten-free and protein-rich option for a well-rounded meal. Garnish with Fresh Cilantro: Before serving, garnish the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry with a generous sprinkle of freshly chopped cilantro. Not only does this add a burst of vibrant color to the dish, but it also infuses it with a refreshing herbal essence, enhancing its visual appeal and aromatic profile. Accompany with Pickled Vegetables: The tangy and crunchy nature of pickled vegetables, such as cucumbers or carrots, can serve as a delightful palate cleanser and textural contrast when served alongside the curry. The bright acidity of the pickles adds a refreshing element to the dining experience, creating a well-rounded and satisfying meal. By considering these serving suggestions, you can elevate the presentation and enjoyment of the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry, ensuring that each bite is a delightful exploration of flavors and textures. Whether paired with fragrant rice, warm bread, or wholesome grains, this curry promises to be the centerpiece of a memorable and indulgent dining experience. Read more: Delicious Shrimp Skewers For Food Lovers In conclusion, the journey through the creation of the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry has been a celebration of culinary artistry and flavor harmony. This exquisite dish, rooted in the vibrant culinary traditions of Louisiana, embodies a perfect fusion of succulent shrimp, smoky Andouille sausage, and a symphony of aromatic spices. As the flavors intertwine and the aromas dance, each bite becomes a testament to the rich tapestry of Southern comfort and culinary finesse. Through meticulous ingredient selection, careful orchestration of flavors, and a deep understanding of the nuances of spice, this curry transcends the realm of ordinary dishes, offering a sensory experience that captivates the palate and nourishes the soul. The careful layering of aromatics, the gentle simmering of the curry base, and the artful balance of heat and sweetness culminate in a dish that is nothing short of extraordinary. As the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry graces the dining table, it invites diners to partake in a culinary journey that celebrates the art of savoring each moment. Whether paired with fragrant jasmine rice, warm naan bread, or wholesome quinoa, the curry promises a symphony of flavors and textures that delight the senses and create lasting memories. This culinary masterpiece is a testament to the power of food to evoke emotion, create connections, and inspire creativity. It is a reminder that in the kitchen, we are artists, weaving together ingredients and techniques to craft experiences that transcend the ordinary and elevate the everyday. The Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry embodies the spirit of culinary exploration, inviting us to embrace tradition while infusing our personal touch, creating a dish that is uniquely ours. As the final spoonful is savored and the last traces of the velvety sauce are enjoyed, the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry leaves an indelible impression, a lingering melody of flavors and aromas that lingers in the memory. It is a reminder that in every dish, there is a story to be told, a journey to be shared, and a moment to be cherished. In the world of culinary delights, the Shrimp and Andouille Sausage Curry stands as a testament to the art of flavor harmony, a masterpiece that beckons us to embrace the joys of cooking, savor the pleasures of dining, and celebrate the timeless allure of a well-crafted dish.

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OWS at Valley Forge A (Self-)Graduation Speech for the Occupiers of Zuccotti Park By Tom Engelhardt Once the Arab Spring broke loose, people began asking me why this country was still so quiet. I would always point out that no one ever expects or predicts such events. Nothing like this, I would say, happens until it happens, and only then do you try to make sense of it retrospectively. Sounds smart enough, but here’s the truth of it: whatever I said, I wasn’t expecting you. After this endless grim decade of war and debacle in America, I had no idea you were coming, not even after Madison. You took me by surprise. For all I know, you took yourself by surprise, the first of you who arrived at Zuccotti Park and, inspired by a bunch of Egyptian students, didn’t go home again. And when the news of you penetrated my world, I didn’t pay much attention. So I wasn’t among the best and brightest when it came to you. But one thing’s for sure: you’ve had my attention these last weeks. I already feel years younger thanks to you (even if my legs don’t). Decades ago in the Neolithic age we now call “the Sixties,” I was, like you: outraged. I was out in the streets (and in the library). I was part of the anti-Vietnam War movement. I turned in my draft card, joined a group called the Resistance, took part in the radical politics of the moment, researched the war, became a draft counselor, helped organize an anti-war Asian scholars group — I was at the time preparing to be a China scholar, before being swept away — began writing about (and against) the war, worked as an “underground” printer (there was nothing underground about us, but it sounded wonderful), and finally became an editor and journalist at an antiwar news service in San Francisco. In that time of turmoil, I doubt I spent a moment pondering this irony: despite all those years in college and graduate school, the most crucial part of my education — learning about the nature of American power and how it was wielded — was largely self-taught in my off-hours. And I wasn’t alone. In those days, most of us found ourselves in a frenzy of teaching (each other), reading, writing — and acting. That was how I first became an editor (without even knowing what an editor was): simply by having friends shove their essays at me and ask for help. Those were heady years, as heady, I have no doubt, as this moment is for you. But that doesn’t mean our moments were the same. Not by a long shot. Here’s one major difference: like so many of the young of that distant era, I was surfing the crest of a wave of American wealth and wellbeing. We never thought about, but also never doubted, that if this moment ended, there would be perfectly normal jobs — good ones — awaiting us, should we want them. It never crossed our minds that we couldn’t land on our feet in America, if we cared to. In that sense, while we certainly talked about putting everything on the line, we didn’t; in truth, economically speaking, we couldn’t. Although you, the occupiers of Zuccotti Park and other encampments around the country, are a heterogeneous crew, many of you, I know, graduated from college in recent years. Most of you were ushered off those leafy campuses (or their urban equivalents) with due pomp and ceremony, and plenty of what passes for inspiration. I’m ready to bet, though, that in those ceremonies no one bothered to mention that you (and your parents) had essentially been conned, snookered out of tens of thousands of dollars on the implicit promise that such an “education” would usher you into a profession or at least a world of decent jobs. As you know better than I, you got soaked by the educational equivalent of a subprime mortgage. As a result, many of you were sent out of those gates and directly — as they say of houses that are worth less than what’s owed on their mortgages — underwater. You essentially mortgaged your lives for an education and left college weighed down with so much debt — a veritable trillion-dollar bubble of it — that you may never straighten up, not if the 1% have their way. Worse yet, you were sent into a world just then being stripped of its finery, where decent jobs were going the way of TVs with antennas and rotary telephones. Lost Worlds and Utopia Here’s a weakness of mine: graduation speeches. I like their form, if not their everyday reality, and so from time to time give them unasked at TomDispatch.com, speeches for those of us already out in the world and seldom credited for never stopping learning. In this case, though, don’t think of me as your graduation speaker. Think of this as a self-graduation. And this time, it’s positives all the way to the horizon. After all, you haven’t incurred a cent of debt, because you and those around you in Zuccotti Park are giving the classes you took. First, you began educating yourself in the realities of post-meltdown America, and then, miraculously enough, you went and educated many of the rest of us as well. You really did change the conversation in this country in a heartbeat from, as Joshua Holland wrote at Alternet.org, “a relentless focus on the deficit to a discussion of the real issues facing Main Street: the lack of jobs… spiraling inequality, cash-strapped American families’ debt-loads, and the pernicious influence of money in politics that led us to this point” — and more amazingly yet, at no charge. In other words, I’m not here, like the typical graduation speaker, to inspire you. I’m here to tell you how you’ve inspired me. In the four decades between the moment when I imagined I put everything on the line and the moment when you actually did, wealth and income inequalities exploded in ways unimaginable in the 1960s. For ordinary Americans, the numbers that translated into daily troubles began heading downhill in the 1990s, the Clinton years, and only a fraudulent bubble in home values kept the good times rolling until 2008. Then, of course, it burst big time. But you know all this. Who knows better than you the story of the financial and political flim-flam artists who brought this country to its knees, made out like bandits, and left the 99% in the dust? Three years of stunned silence followed, as if Americans simply couldn’t believe it, couldn’t take it in — if, that is, you leave aside the Tea Party movement. But give those aging, angry whites credit. They were the first to cry out for a lost world (while denouncing some of the same bank bailouts and financial shenanigans you have). That was before, in a political nano-second, the phrase “Tea Party” was essentially trademarked, occupied, and made the property of long-time Republican operatives, corporate cronies, and various billionaires. That won’t happen to you. Among your many strengths, the lack of a list of demands that so many of your elders have complained about, your inclusiveness, and your utopian streak — the urge to create a tiny, thoroughly democratic new society near the beating financial heart of the old one — will make you far harder to co-opt. Add in the fact that, while any movement taking on inequity and unfairness is political, you are also, in the usual sense of the term, a strikingly apolitical movement. Again, this is, to my mind, part of your strength. It ensures that neither the Democratic Party nor left sects will find it easy to get a toehold in your environs. Yes, in the long run, if you last and grow (as I suspect you will), a more traditional kind of politics may form around you, but it’s unlikely to abscond with you as those Republican operatives did with the Tea Party. Actuarially, the Tea Party is a movement of the past in mourning for a lost world and the good life that went with it. All you have to do is look at the sudden, post-2008 burst of poverty in the suburbs, that golden beacon of the post-World War II American dream, to know that something unprecedented is underway. Once upon a time, no one imagined that an American world of home ownership and good jobs, of cheap gas and cheaper steaks, would ever end. Nonetheless, it was kneecapped over the last few decades and it’s not coming back. Not for you or your children, no matter what happens economically. So don’t kid yourself: whether you know it or not, young as you are, you’re in mourning, too, or Occupy Wall Street wouldn’t exist. Unlike the Tea Party, however, you are young, which means that you’re also a movement of the unknown future, which is your strength. Let me fess up here to my fondness for libraries (even though I find their silence unnerving). As a child, I lived in the golden age of your lost world, but as something of an outsider. The 1950s weren’t a golden age for my family, and they weren’t particularly happy years for me. I was an only child, and my escape was into books. Less than a block from where I lived was a local branch of the New York City public library and, in those days before adult problems had morphed into TV fare, I repaired there, like Harriet the Spy, to get the scoop on the mysterious world of grown-ups. (The only question then was whether the librarian would let you out of the children’s section; mine did.) I remembering hauling home piles of books, including John Toland’s But Not in Shame, Isaac Asimov’s space operas, and Désirée (a racy pop novel about a woman Napoleon loved), often with little idea what they were and no one to guide me. On the shelves in my small room were yet more books, including most of the Harvard Five Foot Shelf, a collection of 51 classic volumes. My set had been rescued from somebody’s flooded basement, their spines slightly warped and signs of mildew on some of them. But I can still remember taking them off my shelf with a certain wonder: Dana’s Two Years Before the Mast (thrilling!), Darwin’s The Origins of the Species (impenetrable), Homer’s The Odyssey (Cyclops!), and so on. Books — Johannes Gutenberg’s more than 500-year-old “technology” — were my companions, my siblings, and also my building blocks. To while away the hours, I would pile them up to create the landscape — valleys and mountains — within which my toy soldiers fought their battles. So libraries and self-education, that’s a program in my comfort zone. Though my route seemed happenstantial at the time, it’s probably no accident that, 35 years ago, I ended up as a book editor on the periphery of mainstream publishing and stayed there. After all, it was a paid excuse to retreat to my room with books (to-be) and, if not turn them into mountains and valleys, then at least transform them into a kind of eternal play and self-education. All of which is why, on arriving for the first time at your encampment in Zuccotti Park and taking that tiny set of steps down from Broadway, I was moved to find myself in, of all things, an informal open-air library. The People’s Library no less, even if books sorted by category in plastic bins on tables isn’t exactly the way I once imagined The Library. Still, it couldn’t be more appropriate for Occupy Wall Street, with its long, open-air meetings, its invited speakers and experts, its visiting authors, its constant debates and arguments, that feeling when you’re there that you can talk to anyone. Like the best of library systems, it’s a Self-Education U., or perhaps a modern version of the Chautauqua adult education movement. Your goal, it seems, is to educate yourselves and then the rest of us in the realities and inequities of twenty-first century American life. Still, for the advanced guard of your electronic generation to commit itself so publicly to actual books, ones you can pick up, leaf through, hand to someone else — that took me by surprise. Those books, all donations, are flowing in from publishers (including Metropolitan Books, where I work, and Haymarket Books, which publishes me), private bookstores, authors, and well, just about anyone. As I stood talking with some of you, the librarians of Zuccotti Park, I watched people arriving, unzipping backpacks, and handing over books. Of the thousands of volumes you now have, some, as in any library, are indeed taken out and returned, but some not. As Bill Scott, a librarian sitting in front of a makeshift “reference table” in muffler and jacket told me, “The books are donated to us and we donate them to others.” A youthful-looking 42, Scott, an associate professor of English at the University of Pittsburgh, is spending his sabbatical semester camped out in the park. His book, Troublemakers, is just about to be published and he’s bubbling with enthusiasm. He’s ordered a couple of copies to donate himself. “It’s my first book ever. I’ve never even held it in my hands. To shelve the first copy in the People’s Library, it’s like all the strands of my life coming together!” Think of it: Yes, your peers in the park were texting and tweeting and streaming up a video storm. They were social networking circles around the 1%, the mayor, the police, and whoever else got in their way. Still, there you all were pushing a technology already relegated by many to the trash bin of cultural history. You were betting your bottom dollar on the value to your movement of real books, the very things that kept me alive as a kid, that I’ve been editing, publishing, and even writing for more than three decades. “I Wanted Something Productive to Do” That library — in fact, those libraries at Occupy Boston, Occupy Washington, Occupy San Francisco, and other encampments — may be the least commented upon part of your movement. And yet, you set your library up not as an afterthought or a sideline, but almost as soon as you began imagining a society worth living in, a little world of your own. You didn’t forget the books, which means you didn’t forget about education. I mean, a real education. This was both generous of you and, quite simply, inspiring. Who would have expected that the old-fashioned, retro book would be at the heart of this country’s great protest movement of a tarnished new century? When asked how the library began, librarian “Scales” (aka Sam Smith), an unemployed, 20-year-old blond dancer still in shorts on a chilly fall day, responded, “Nobody knows exactly who started it. It was like an immaculate conception. It was just here.” If the movement itself were a book, that might stand as its epigraph. Even if Occupy Wall Street indeed did start somewhere (as did its library), the way it has exploded globally in a historical nanosecond, does give it exactly the feeling Scales described. When asked why he himself was here, he simply said, “I wanted something productive to do.” In an economy where “production” is gone with the wind, that makes the deepest sense to me. Who doesn’t want to be productive in life? Why should a generation that Wall Street and Washington seem perfectly happy to sideline not want to produce something of their own, as they now have? I was no less touched, while listening in on a long meeting of the Library Working Group one Saturday afternoon amid the chaos of Zuccotti Park — crowd noise all around us, a band playing nearby — when the woman standing next to me interrupted your meeting. She identified herself as an elected legislator from an upstate New York county who had driven down to see Occupy Wall Street for herself. She just wanted you, the librarians, to know that she supported what you were doing and that, while her county was still funding its libraries, it was getting ever harder to do so, given strapped state and local budgets. Here are just a few things that you, the librarians of Zuccotti Park, said to me: Bill Scott: “Part of the reason we’re down here is because we live in a society which promotes the idea that education should be bought and sold on the open market. We want to establish it as a human right. What the People’s Library proves is that books belong to the people, as does education. People with student-loan debt find their freedom and options limited. It severely limited my options. I’m still crawling out from under a ton of debt.” Zachary Loeb, who in what passes for real life is an actual librarian: “I’m working part time, so I wake up every morning and spend two hours sending out resumes, but the work isn’t out there. My training’s in archiving, but nobody’s hiring. I got a degree in library science, not philosophy, which I wanted to go into, to be on a job track. Obviously, I’m not. Lots of people are here because the work situation is abysmal. “I’ve been an activist for a long time. I read [the magazine] Adbusters and saw the call to occupy Wall Street. I was down here on the first day. I think we’ve changed the conversation in this country. We’ve given people permission to stand up, to talk to each other, test their ideas out against each other, and consider decisions that shouldn’t simply be made by the powerful in Washington.” Frances Mercanti-Anthony, out-of-work actress (“my last play closed in August”) and comic writer: “Knowledge is the greatest weapon we have. What we’re doing is offering knowledge to people who have been disenfranchised. Our online database of books [in the People’s Library] stands as a great symbol of the movement, of democracy, of knowledge, and sharing.” Lighting Up the Landscape Here’s what you’ve done: your anger and your thoughtfulness — what you don’t know and don’t mind not knowing, as well as what you do know — has lit up a previously dismal landscape. And every move made by those who want to get rid of you has only spurred your growth. I’m a pretty levelheaded guy, but call me a little starry-eyed right now and I don’t mind at all. It’s something to feel this way for the first time in I don’t know how long, and whatever happens from now on, I can thank you for that — and for the sudden sense of possibility that goes with it. Only six weeks into your movement, with so little known about where you’re going or what will happen, it’s undoubtedly early for graduation ceremonies. Still, let’s face it, you’ve been growing up fast and, for all we know, these could have been the six weeks that changed the world. Anyway, there’s no limit out here, where you can make your own traditions, on how often you can graduate yourself. So I say, go for it. Mark your progress thus far. Self-graduate. You don’t need me. I’ll stay here and borrow a book from your library — and later, when I’m done, just as you suggest, I’ll donate it to someone else. Shoulder your handmade signs. Lift them high. Chant your chants. Let the drummers play as you march. Head out toward Wall Street, toward the future, looking back over your shoulder, remembering exactly what your elders squandered, the world they left you, the debts they piled on you. And the next time they start telling you what you should do with your movement, take it with a grain of salt. The future, after all, is yours, not theirs. It may be the only thing you have, exactly because it’s so beautifully unknown, so deeply unpredictable. It’s your advantage over them because it’s one thing that Washington and Wall Street have no more way of controlling than you do. In a world of increasing misery, you carry not just your debts, but ours too. It’s a burden no one should shoulder, especially with winter bearing down, and that 1% of adults waiting for the cold to make tempers short, hoping you’ll begin to fall out, grow discouraged, and find life too miserable to bear, hoping that a New York winter will freeze you out of your own movement. I take heart that last weekend, on a beautiful fall day, you, the librarians, were already discussing the need to buy “Alaska-style” sleeping bags and a generator which would give you heat; that you, like the mayor, are looking ahead and planning for winter. This, after all, could be your Valley Forge. As actress-librarian Mercanti-Anthony told me: “We have the whole world behind us at this point. We want to stand our ground for the long haul. If we can make it through the winter, this occupation is here to stay.” And she just might be right. So head out now, and whatever you do, don’t go home. It’s underwater anyway, and we need you. We really do. The world’s in a hell of a mess, but what a time for you to take it in your own hands and do your damnedest. Tom Engelhardt, co-founder of the American Empire Project and the author of The American Way of War: How Bush’s Wars Became Obama’s as well as The End of Victory Culture, runs the Nation Institute’s TomDispatch.com. His latest book, The United States of Fear (Haymarket Books), will be published in November. To listen to Timothy MacBain’s latest Tomcast audio interview in which Engelhardt discusses the Occupy Wall Street movement and what hope means in our time click here, or download it to your iPod here. Copyright 2011 Tom Engelhardt

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General Terms and Conditions Triple A – Risk Finance Article 1 Definitions 1. In these general terms and conditions, the following terms will have the meanings given below, unless explicitly stated otherwise. User: the user of the general terms and conditions. Triple A – Risk Finance Holding B.V. and all its affiliated companies, including: Triple A – Risk Finance B.V., Triple A – Risk Finance Certification B.V. and Triple A – Risk Finance International B.V. ; User: Triple A – Risk Finance; Client: the counterparty of Triple A – Risk Finance; Agreement: the agreement for the provision of services. Article 2 General 1. These terms and conditions will apply to each and every offer, quotation and agreement between the user of these general terms and conditions and its client to which these terms and conditions have been declared applicable insofar as parties have not explicitly deviated from these terms and conditions in writing. 2. These terms and conditions will also apply to all agreements with the user, the execution of which requires the involvement of third parties. 3. Possible deviations from these general terms and conditions will only be valid if they have been explicitly agreed in writing. 4. Should one or more of the stipulations in these general terms and conditions be null and void or declared null and void, then the other stipulations of these general terms and conditions will remain fully applicable. Triple A – Risk Finance and client will then enter into negotiations to agree new stipulations to replace the null and void stipulations the stipulations declared null and void, whereby the purpose and the meaning of the original stipulations will be adhered to as far as possible. Article 3 Offers and Quotations 1. The quotations submitted by Triple A – Risk Finance will be free of obligation; they will be valid for a period of 30 days, unless stated otherwise. Triple A – Risk Finance will only be bound by the quotations if the acceptance thereof is confirmed in writing by the counterparty within 30 days, unless stated otherwise. 2. The prices given in above-mentioned offers and quotations will exclude VAT and other government levies, as well as possible other expenses to be incurred within the scope of the agreement, unless Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. states otherwise. 3. If the acceptance deviates (on minor points) from the quotation given, Triple A – Risk Finance will not be bound by it. In such event, the agreement has not been effected in accordance with said deviating acceptance, unless Triple A – Risk Finance states otherwise. 4. A compound quotation will not oblige Triple A – Risk Finance to execute part of the assignment for a corresponding part of the price quoted. 5. Offers and quotations will not automatically apply to future assignments. 6. Within the framework of the agreement with client; a creditworthiness investigation /credit check can be carried out with respect to the financial position and/or the payment record of client. If necessary, client will grant its cooperation to this. Article 4 Execution of the Agreement 1. Triple A – Risk Finance will execute the agreement to the best of its knowledge and ability and in accordance with high standards. All based on the knowledge available at the time. 2. If and insofar as is required for the proper execution of the agreement, Triple A Risk Finance is entitled to have specific work done by third parties. 3. The client will ensure that Triple A – Risk Finance is provided with all information required by Triple A – Risk Finance or which the client should reasonably understand to be necessary for the execution of the agreement, in good time. If Triple A – Risk Finance has not been provided with the information required for the execution of the agreement in good time, Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled to suspend the execution of the agreement and/or to charge the client for the additional costs resulting from the delay at the usual rates. 4. If it has been agreed that the agreement will be executed in phases, Triple A – Risk Finance is entitled to suspend execution of the parts that belong to the next phase until such time as the client has approved the results of the preceding phase in writing. 5. If Triple A – Risk Finance or the third parties engaged by Triple A – Risk Finance must – within the framework of the assignment – carry out activities at client’s site or at a site designated by client, client will ensure that all reasonable facilities required by the employees working on site are made available to them free of charge. Article 5 Amendment of the agreement 1. If during the execution of the agreement it appears that the work to be done must be amended or supplemented in order to ensure the proper execution of the agreement, parties will amend the agreement accordingly in good time and in mutual consultation. 2. If parties agree that the agreement must be amended or supplemented, this decision could influence the time of completion of the execution. 3. Should the amendment or addition to the agreement have any financial and/or qualitative consequences, Triple A – Risk Finance will inform client thereof. 4. If a fixed fee has been agreed Triple A – Risk Finance will indicate to what event the amendment or addition to the agreement will result in an increase of said fee. 5. Contrary to the conditions of paragraph 3, Triple A – Risk Finance will not be able to charge additional costs if the amendment or addition is the result of circumstances attributable to Triple A – Risk Finance. Article 6 Duration of the Agreement; period for execution 1. The agreement between Triple A – Risk Finance and a client will be entered into for the period of time dictated by the nature of which parties explicitly agree in writing. 2. If a term has been agreed for completion of complete certain work within the duration of the agreement, such term may never be deemed to be a strict deadline. If the term of execution is exceeded, the client must give Triple A – Risk Finance written notice of default. GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR THE PROVISION OF SERVICES of Triple A – Risk Finance registered at the Chamber of Commerce under numbers: 34264867, 34251771, 34276341 and 34282861. Article 7 Fee 1. For offers and agreements in which no fixed fee has been quoted or agreed, paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 of this article will apply. If no fixed fee has been agreed, the fee will be determined on the basis of the number of hours actually spent on the work. 2. Parties may agree a fixed fee at the time the agreement is concluded. 3. If no fixed fee has been agreed, the fee will be determined on the basis of the number of hours actually spent on the work. The fee will be calculated in accordance with usual hourly rates of Triple A – Risk Finance applicable for the period in which the work was done, unless another hourly rate is agreed. 4. With respect to assignments with a duration exceeding 2 months, the costs due will be invoiced at regular intervals. 5. If Triple A – Risk Finance agrees a fixed fee or an hourly rate with the client. In both cases Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled to increase the fixed fee or hourly rate in accordance with an annual price indexation. 6. Triple A – Risk Finance will notify the client of its intention to increase the fee or rate in writing. In doing so, Triple A – Risk Finance will also communicate the extent of said increase and the date on which it will enter into force. 7. If the client does not wish to accept the increased fee or hourly rate communicated, the client is then entitled to give written notice of termination of the agreement within 7 working days after the aforementioned communication or to cancel the assignment as of the effective date of the price or rate increase referred to in such communication by Triple A – Risk Finance. Article 8 Payment 1. Payment must be made within 30 days after the date of invoice as indicated by Triple A – Risk Finance and in the currency stipulated on the invoice. Any objections made with regard to the amount of the invoice will not suspend fulfilment of the payment obligation 2. If client fails to fulfil his payment obligation within the period of 30 days, the client will be in default by operation of law. In that event, client will owe an interest of 1% per month, unless the statutory interest rate is higher, in which case the statutory interest rate will apply. The interest on the amount due and payable will be calculated with effect from the date that the client is in default up to the time payment is made in full. 3. If Triple A – Risk Finance believes that it is necessary to request advance on basis of client’s financial position and/or payment history (whether or not based on a creditworthiness investigation/credit check), client is obliged on request by Triple A – Risk Finance’ to make an advance payment and/or provide sufficient security, by means of a bank guarantee, right of pledge or otherwise, for its obligations vis-à-vis Triple A – Risk Finance. The amount of the requested security and/or requested payment must be in proportion to client’s specific obligations. If client fails to make the advance payment or provide the requested security within the period stipulated by Triple A – Risk Finance, client will be in default without any further notice of default being required. 4. Triple A – Risk Finance’s claims against client will become due and payable in the event client’s company is wound up, attached, declared bankrupt, or a suspension of payments is granted. 5. Triple A – Risk Finance is entitled to use the payments made by the client to first reduce the costs, subsequently to reduce the interest still due and finally to reduce the principal sum and the current interest. 6. Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled, without this causing Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. to be in default, to refuse a payment offer if the client designates a different sequence of allocation. 7. Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled to refuse full payment of the principal sum, if said payment does not include the interest still due, the current interest and the costs. Article 9 Retention of Title 1. All items delivered by Triple A – Risk Finance, possibly also including designs, sketches, drawings, films, software, electronic or other files, etc., will remain Triple A – Risk Finance’s property until client has fulfilled all of his obligations under all agreements concluded with Triple A – Risk Finance. 2. Client is not authorised to pledge or encumber the items under the retention of title in any way whatsoever. 3. Should third parties attach the items delivered, which are subject to retention of title, or wish to establish or invoke a right thereon, client is obliged to inform Triple A – Risk Finance thereof as soon as can reasonably be expected. 4. If Triple A – Risk Finance wishes to exercise its ownership rights as referred to in this article, client will grant Triple A – Risk Finance or third parties to be appointed by Triple A – Risk Finance, if this situation arises, its unconditional and irrevocable consent to enter all sites and locations where Triple A – Risk Finance’s property is held and to take these items back. Article 10 Collection Charges 1. If the client fails to fulfil his obligations or fail to do so in good time, or defaults on them, then all reasonable extrajudicial costs incurred with a view to settlement thereof will be borne by the client. The client will, in any event owe debt collection costs in case of a money claim. 2. In the case of a commercial transaction, the collection costs are calculated at 15% of the principal default with a minimum of € 100. The debt collection costs are calculated in accordance with the debt collection rate advised by the Netherlands Bar Association. 3. If Triple A – Risk Finance incurs higher costs, which were reasonably necessary, these costs must also be reimbursed. 4. All possible judicial and execution costs incurred must also be paid by the client. Article 11 Inspection & Complaints 1. The client must notify Triple A – Risk Finance in writing of complaints concerning the work done within 8 days after discovery thereof but, in any event, no later than within 14 days following completion of such work. The notice of default must include as detailed a description as possible of the shortcoming so that Triple A – Risk Finance is in a position to respond adequately. 2. If a complaint proves to be well-founded, Triple A – Risk Finance will still do the work as agreed, unless such work has in the meantime become demonstrably useless to the client. The client must notify Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. in writing if the latter is the case. 3. If it is no longer possible or useful to still do the work agreed, Triple A – Risk Finance is only liable within the boundaries of article 15. Article 12 Termination 1. Both parties are at all times entitled to give written notice terminating the agreement, unless the agreement stipulates otherwise. GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR THE PROVISION OF SERVICES of Triple A – Risk Finance registered at the Chamber of Commerce under numbers: 34264867, 34251771, 34276341 and 34282861 If the agreement is terminated prematurely by the client, Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled to compensation of the loss resulting from lower capacity utilization to be demonstrated, because of premature termination, unless the termination is based on facts and circumstances which can be attributed to Triple A – Risk Finance. In that event, client will furthermore be obliged to pay the invoices for the work done up to that time. The preliminary results of the work done to date will therefore be made available to client for approval. 2. If the agreement is terminated prematurely by Triple A – Risk Finance, Triple A – Risk Finance will – in conjunction with client – arrange for the work still to be done to be transferred to third parties, unless the termination is based on facts and circumstances which can be attributed to client. Article 13 Suspension and Termination 1. Parties are entitled to suspend fulfilment of the obligations or to terminate the agreement, if: – the counterparty does not fulfil or does not fully fulfil the obligations under the agreement; – after the agreement has been concluded, Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. learns of circumstances which give good reason to fear that counterparty will not fulfil the obligations. If there is a good reason to fear that the counterparty will only partially or improperly fulfil its obligations, the suspension is only allowed insofar as justified by the shortcoming. A circumstance is in any event that the creditworthiness investigation shows a risk Triple A- Risk Finance does not reasonably wish to accept. At the discretion of Triple A- Risk Finance, it may in any event require further conditions and/or securities in addition to or instead of suspension, as stipulated in article 8 paragraph 3. 2. Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. will furthermore be authorized to terminate the agreement (have the agreement terminated) if circumstances arise of such a nature that fulfilment of the obligations becomes impossible or can no longer be required in accordance with the requirements of reasonableness and fairness, or if other circumstances arise of such a nature that the unchanged continuation of the agreement can in all reasonableness no longer be required. 3. If the agreement is terminated, the claims that Triple A – Risk Finance has against the client will become immediately due and payable. If Triple A – Risk Finance suspends fulfilment of its obligations, it will retain its rights under the law and the agreement. 4. Triple A – Risk Finance will always be entitled to claim compensation. Article 14 Return of items placed at client’s disposal 1. If Triple A – Risk Finance has placed items at client’s disposal during and in connection with execution of the agreement, client is obliged to return the items delivered within 14 days in their original state, free of defects and in their entirety. If client fails to fulfil this obligation, client will be liable for all ensuing costs. 2. If, for any reason whatsoever, client remains in default of the obligations referred to under 1. above after having received a warning in this respect, Triple A – Risk Finance will be entitled to recover the resulting damage and costs, including replacement costs, from client. Article 15 Liability 1. If Triple A – Risk Finance is exclusively liable for shortcomings in the execution of the assignment, to the extent that this is a consequence on the part of Triple A – Risk Finance’s failure to observe due care, or work according to high standards or lack of expertise which could be relied on in providing the advice within the framework of the relevant assignment. Triple A – Risk Finance’s liability for loss caused by the shortcomings will be limited to the amount of the fee that Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. has received for its activities within the framework of that assignment. For assignments with a duration exceeding 6 months, the aforementioned liability is further limited to the invoice amount for the last six months. 2. Any possible claims that the client might have in the aforementioned sense must be submitted within 6 months of discovery of the loss but in any event within 1 year after expiry of the assignment failing which client will have forfeited its rights. 3. The limitation (s) of liability referred to in Article 15.1 is of these terms (come) to apply if the liability for damage caused by intent or recklessness on the part of Triple A – Risk Finance committed by supervisors and / or subordinates or by third parties engaged by Triple A – Risk Finance. Article 16 Indemnification 1. The client will indemnify Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. against third-party claims concerning intellectual property rights on material or data provided by the client used for and during the execution of the agreement. 2. If the client provides Triple A – Risk Finance with information carriers, electronic files or software etc., client guarantees that said information carriers, electronic files or software are free of viruses and defects. Article 17 Transfer of Risk 1. The risk of loss or damage to the items under the agreement is transferred to client at the time said items are legally and/or actually delivered to client and are therefore at the disposal of client or third parties to be appointed by client. Article 18 Force Majeure 1. Parties are not bound to fulfil any of their obligations if they are impeded from doing so as a result of a circumstance for which they are not to blame and for which they are not accountable by law, a legal act or according to generally accepted standards. 2. In these general terms and conditions, force majeure is, in addition to that provided for in legislation and case law, understood mean any external circumstances, whether envisaged or not, on which Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. has no influence but which prevents Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. from fulfilling its obligations. These circumstances include work strikes. 3. Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. will also be entitled to invoke force majeure if the circumstance rendering fulfilment or further fulfilment of the obligation(s) impossible commences after the point in time at which Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. should have fulfilled its obligation. 4. Parties will be entitled to suspend the fulfilment of their obligations under the agreement for the duration of the force majeure situation. If this period continues for more than two months, either party will be entitled to dissolve the agreement without any being obliged to compensate the counterparty for loss suffered. 5. Insofar Triple A – Risk Finance has partially fulfilled its obligations or will be able to fulfil its obligations arising out of the agreement at the time of commencement of the force majeure, and insofar separate value can be attributed to the part already fulfilled or still to be fulfilled, Triple A – Risk Finance B.V. is entitled to submit a separate invoice for the part fulfilled or still to be fulfilled. The client will be obliged to pay this invoice as if it were a separate agreement. Article 19 Confidentiality 1. Both parties are obliged to keep secret all confidential information received from each other or from another source within the framework of their agreement. Information is deemed to be confidential if the counterparty has stated that it is so or if such confidentiality ensues from the nature of the information. 2. If a statutory provision or judicial decision compels Triple A – Risk Finance to convey confidential information to third parties designated by law or the court, and Triple A – Risk Finance cannot invoke legal right refuse to give evidence or such right is acknowledged or allowed by the competent court, Triple A – Risk Finance is not obliged to pay compensation for loss suffered and the counterparty will not entitled to terminate the agreement on the grounds of any loss ensuing therefrom. Article 20 Intellectual Property and copyrights 1. Without prejudice to the other stipulations of these general terms and conditions, Triple A – Risk Finance reserves the rights and powers to which it is entitled under the Copyright Act. 2. All documents, such as reports, advice, agreements, designs, sketches, drawings, software, etc., provided by Triple A – Risk Finance, intended for client’s exclusive use. 3. Triple A – Risk Finance reserves the right to use the knowledge gained through execution of the work for other purposes, to the extent that no confidential information is disclosed to third parties when doing so. 4. Without the express consent of Triple A- Risk Finance, detailed invoices, plans, designs, advice, course material and other intellectual work of Triple A – Risk Finance cannot be reproduced in any way, made available to third parties for inspection and/or used in breach of any other intellectual right. Article 21 Non-takeover of counterparty’s staff 1. For the duration of the agreement and for one year following termination thereof, the client may not in any way hire or employ the staff of Triple A – Risk Finance or of companies that Triple A – Risk Finance engaged to execute this agreement and who are or were involved in the execution of the agreement, or have such staff work for them either directly in indirectly without prior proper businesslike consultation on this matter. Article 22 Disputes 1. The Court based in Triple A – Risk Finance’s place of establishment will have exclusive jurisdiction to settle disputes, unless the Subdistrict Court is the competent Court. Triple A – Risk Finance will nevertheless be entitled to submit the dispute to the Court deemed competent by the law. 2. Parties will only refer the matter to court if they have done their utmost to solve the dispute in mutual consultation. Article 23 Applicable Law 1. Dutch law will apply to each and every agreement between Triple A – Risk Finance and the client. Article 24 Changes to the Terms and Conditions, interpretation and their Location 1. These terms and conditions have been filed with the Chamber of Commerce in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. The most recent filed version of these terms and conditions, or the version applicable at the time of conclusion of the agreement, will apply. © 2024 Triple A Risk Finance. All rights reserved.

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Location: Great Basin Rangelands Research2022 Annual Report The long-term objective of the Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit (GBRRU) project plan is to facilitate sustainability of ecosystem goods and services provided by arid rangelands with a focus on production of forage for domestic grazing animals, conservation and restoration of these rangelands, and maintaining or enhancing ecosystem processes that facilitate desired plant communities. This will be approached by addressing critical research needs affecting arid and semi-arid rangelands, including: (1) investigating the ecology and control of invasive weeds, (2) rehabilitating degraded rangelands, (3) maintaining and enhancing productive rangelands, and (4) quantifying impacts of management practices. The project will integrate basic research on Great Basin rangelands with new tools, plant materials, and technologies to reduce the spread of invasive and expanding plant populations and assess effectiveness of management practices. Specifically, during the next five years we will focus on the following objectives. Objective 1: Develop tools and strategies for maintaining and enhancing the sustainability of arid rangeland ecosystems based on an improved understanding of soil properties, plant-soil relationships, and alternative management practices. (NP215 1A, 3B, 4A) Subobjective 1A: Quantify salt mobility and transport as a function of rainfall return period on saline rangeland soils, and parameterize the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) for estimating runoff, sediment yield and salt transport. (Weltz) Subobjective 1B: Quantify vulnerabilities to soil erosion on non-federal rangelands as part of a national assessment in collaboration with NRCS. (Weltz, Newingham) Subobjective 1C: Investigate effects of post-expansion piñon and juniper tree control and exclusionary fencing on components of the water budget and recovery of sagebrush steppe and meadow habitats and assess weather variability and impacts on plant phenology. (Snyder) Subobjective 1D: Apply bioinformatic analyses to newly developed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to determine whether outcrossing and heterosis in cheatgrass may facilitate invasion of new environments in Great Basin ecosystems. (Longland) Objective 2: Evaluate rangeland community productivity, responses to disturbance, and identify appropriate rehabilitation practices. (NP215 1A, 3B, 4A) Subobjective 2A: Assess effects of post-fire grazing on burned rangelands. (Newingham) Subobjective 2B: Quantify effects of arthropod seed predators in reducing seed viability of western and Utah juniper as a potential pre-establishment control strategy. (Longland) Subobjective 2C: Develop management strategies providing guidelines and tools to stakeholders for enhancing native grass productivity on Great Basin rangelands using diversionary seeding. (Longland) Subobjective 1A, Hypothesis: Runoff, sediment yield, and salt transport processes will increase as a non-linear function of rainfall return period through rill processes being initiated. Rainfall simulations will be conducted to quantify salt mobility and transport as a function of rainfall return period on saline rangeland soils and to parameterize the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model. Subobjective 1B, Research Goal: Quantify rangeland vulnerability to soil erosion. Unit scientists and a team from the National Agricultural Library will develop the Agricultural Runoff Erosion and Salinity database. They will also expand the current understanding of wind erosion processes in the Great Basin by establishing a new post-fire National Wind Erosion Research Network site in eastern Nevada. These research activities will allow users to quantify vulnerabilities to soil erosion on rangelands. Subobjective 1C, Hypothesis: Mechanical tree control treatments for piñon and juniper will reduce precipitation interception and tree transpiration losses and result in increased soil moisture, which will increase the presence and diversity of the desired understory vegetation. Ecological and hydrological instrumentation will be used at a field station in central Nevada to: (1) investigate effects of post-expansion piñon and juniper tree control and exclusionary fencing on components of the water budget and recovery of natural habitats, and (2) assess weather variability and impacts on plant phenology. Subobjective 1D, Hypothesis: Occasional outcrossing facilitates expansion of cheatgrass across the intermountain west by selecting for new genotypes adapted to drier sites and more alkaline soils. Bioinformatic analyses will be applied to newly developed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in order to determine whether outcrossing and heterosis in cheatgrass may facilitate invasion of new environments in Great Basin ecosystems. Subobjective 2A, Hypothesis: Delaying defoliation at least two years post-fire will ensure adequate perennial grass establishment. Defoliation experiments with native perennial grass species will be conducted to assess effects of post-fire grazing on burned rangelands. Subobjective 2B, Hypothesis: Arthropods that feed on juniper seeds vary systematically in their quantitative impacts in rendering seeds inviable. Systematic sampling of juniper berries from several field sites and laboratory dissection of the berries to identify associated arthropods will be used to quantify effects of arthropod seed predators in reducing seed viability of western and Utah juniper as a potential pre-establishment control strategy. Subobjective 2C, Hypothesis: Manipulating the behavior of granivorous rodents through the addition of preferred diversionary seeds to field plots enhances seedling recruitment of Indian ricegrass. Using commonly available commercial seeds, seed augmentation experiments intended to manipulate the behavior of seed-caching rodents (i.e., “diversionary seeding”) will be conducted to develop management strategies for enhancing native grass productivity on Great Basin rangelands. Progress was made on Sub-objective 1B specifically, Research Goal 1B.2, “Expand the current understanding of wind erosion processes in the Great Basin by establishing a new post-fire National Wind Erosion Research Network (NWERN) site in eastern Nevada.” Fire not only affects water erosion and associated watershed processes, but also affects wind erosion due to exposed soil for several months after fire. However, little information exists about the effects of fire on wind erosion. In collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), we installed two wind erosion sites (Twin Valley and Red Hills) associated with the National Wind, Erosion, Research Network (NWERN) in 2019, which are located at the 2018 Martin Fire. Measurements include temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction, saltation, dust flux, soil deposition, soil particle size distribution, soil surface roughness, aggregate size distribution, biological soil crust, and vegetation. Dust flux samples were collected monthly unless sites were not accessible. Vegetation and soil surface characteristics, as well as deposition samples, were collected three times in the past year. Data have been submitted to the NWERN database. Research collaborations across the NWERN associated with Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) have been facilitated through monthly meetings. A new post-fire erosion research team is being developed along with other ARS locations. Weed challenges in the Great Basin are not limited to exotic or annual species. Since the 1850s, native conifers (juniper and pinyon pine) have been infilling existing woodlands and expanding into sagebrush steppe. This reduces herbaceous forage, alters wildlife habitat, accelerates surface runoff and soil erosion, increases woody fuel loads, and increases risk of catastrophic wildfires, with significant loss of ecosystem services. Of great concern to land managers in arid environments is the amount of water used available and used by various plant species. Ecohydrological data collection in the Porter Canyon Experimental Watershed (PCEW) in the Desatoya Mountain Range is now in its twelfth year, with the goal to develop tools and strategies for arid rangeland ecosystems based on an integrated understanding of plant and soil relationships. Progress has also been made on research that addresses Sub-objective 1C. The BLM is continuing to remove trees in the PCEW and we continue to collect data on soil moisture, soil temperature, plant phenology, spring flow, groundwater levels, streamflow, and plant community composition. A study was completed and published on the amount of rainfall that is intercepted by mountain big sagebrush at various stand densities. This new study complements an earlier study that quantified the amount of rainfall intercepted by pinyon and juniper trees. Once pinyon and juniper are removed, mountain mahogany trees previously in the understory, become more dominant on the landscape. We have selected two sites where we will install sap flow probes on mountain mahogany to determine the water requirements of this species with and without an overstory of pinyon and juniper. One site has been instrumented with sap flow probes this field season. These new sites will provide an additional component of understanding the water budget in Great Basin plant communities. Riparian and ground-water dependent ecosystems found in the Great Basin of North America are heavily utilized by livestock and wildlife throughout the year. Due to this constant pressure, grazing can be a major influence on many riparian resources. It is important for land managers to understand how intensity and timing of grazing affect the temporal availability of these commodities (i.e., biodiversity, water filtration, forage, habitat). Upper elevation groundwater-dependent meadows in Haypress have been fully instrumented for four full growing seasons. Four years of a grazing experiment have now been completed with information on soil moisture and plant community responses. Baseline data on plant composition and phenology with no grazing exclusion (both cattle and feral horses) were collected during the growing season of 2019. Exclusionary fencing was built in fall of 2019, and data on plant composition and phenology was collected during the growing seasons of 2020, 2021, and 2022 on three replicated treatments: managed grazing, no grazing, and uncontrolled grazing. A manuscript was completed and published on the first two years of data. This research found strong agreement between on-the-ground measurements of plant phenological stage, phenology determined with images from near-surface digital cameras (phenocams), and Landsat satellite-based indices of plant vigor such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new manuscript is being prepared regarding the abundance and composition of insects in plots with different grazing regimes, and these metrics are being compared with phenology metrics of plant communities. Native perennial bunchgrasses are often seeded, and domestic livestock grazing is often delayed by two growing seasons after wildfire in the Great Basin. Seeding failures often occur due to unsuitable abiotic conditions or inappropriate post-fire management. Progress was made on Sub-objective 2A, in which ARS researchers in Reno, Nevada, continued to monitor an experiment examining how neighboring plant communities and timing of post-fire defoliation affect post-fire seeding treatments in Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis communities in northwest Nevada and southeast Oregon. Plant removal treatments varied the relative density of adult and seedling perennial bunchgrasses, while spring and fall defoliation treatments simulated livestock grazing. We recorded within-season timing of senescence, leaf and inflorescence production, and stem length, as well as across-season bunchgrass density, foliar cover, and seedling survival. Preliminary analyses showed that fall and spring defoliation within seedling removal hastened senescence following defoliation, while spring defoliation decreased leaf production, stem length, and inflorescence production. Adult and seedling removal both decreased plant density and foliar cover in the first year after fire. Our results will inform managers on whether post-fire plant community structure affects restoration efficacy, and whether spring and fall defoliation treatments differ in their effects on seedling perennial bunchgrasses. Under Sub-objective 2C, progress was made in enhancing grass productivity on Great Basin rangelands. The accidental introduction and subsequent invasion of the annual grass, cheatgrass, has increased the frequency of wildfires. Millions of dollars are spent annually fighting these fires and millions more are spent trying to restore burned habitats. Progress was made on Sub-objective 2C and subordinate project, agreement number 58-2060-9-001, for developing guidelines and tools for enhancing native grass productivity on Great Basin rangelands. Pre-emergent herbicides are being tested to control cheatgrass densities and subsequent competition with seeded species to improve restoration success and decrease cheatgrass densities and associated fuels. The use of the pre-emergent herbicide, Imazapic, reduced cheatgrass densities by 98.6% which resulted in successful recruitment of seeded perennial grass species. Judicious use of pre-emergent herbicides can decrease cheatgrass densities, and if coupled with active seeding efforts can increase desirable perennial grass species for wildlife habitat and livestock forage. Additional progress in support of Sub-objective 2C included treating an old decadent shrub community with the mechanical implement, the Lawson Aerator, and seeding it with two native and two introduced perennial grasses. Residual Great Basin wildrye plants and salt grass were released from the site and complemented with seedling recruitment of seeded species Great Basin wildrye, tall, and Intermediate wheatgrass. Mechanical treatment to reduce decadent shrub competition followed by seeding treatments increased perennial grass densities by 675% and forage production by more than 1,000%. Increases in sustainable grazing resources allows resource managers and landowners more flexibility in their grazing management and livestock operation that not only benefits grazing pastures, but also wildlife habitat. Preliminary results were presented at an international meeting and a stakeholder field tour. Newingham, B.A., Kachergis, E., Ganguli, A.C., Foster, B., Price, L., McCord, S.E. 2021. Lessons given and learned from rangeland monitoring courses. Rangelands. 44(1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2021.08.003. Richardson, W., Stringham, T., Lieurance, W., Snyder, K.A. 2021. Changes in meadow phenology in response to grazing management at multiple scales of measurement. Remote Sensing. 13(20). Article 4028. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13204028. Snyder, D.K., Stringham, T.K., Snyder, K.A. 2022. Rainfall interception by mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. vaseyana): Dryland shrub canopy cover affects net precipitation. Hydrological Processes. 36(1). Article e14441. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14441. Hammond, D.H., Strand, E.K., Morgan, P., Hudak, A.T., Newingham, B.A. 2021. Environmental influences on density and height growth of natural ponderosa pine regeneration following wildfires. Fire. 4(4). Article 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040080. Haddad, M., Strohmeier, S.M., Nouwakpo, S.K., Rimawi, O., Weltz, M.A., Sterk, G. 2022. Rangeland restoration in Jordan: Restoring vegetation cover by water harvesting measures. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.03.001. Clements, D.D., Harmon, D.N., Blank, R.R. 2022. Seed mix performance and cheatgrass suppression on arid rangelands. Rangelands. 44(2):129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2022.02.003. Pyke, D.A., Schaff, S.C., Chambers, J.C., Schupp, E.W., Newingham, B.A., Gray, M.L., Ellsworth, L.M. 2022. Ten-year ecological responses to fuel treatments within semiarid Wyoming big sagebrush ecosystems. Ecosphere. 13(7). Article e4176. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4176.

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Which place is cheaper, San Francisco or Minneapolis? These are the overall average travel costs for the two destinations. If you're trying to decide where to visit between Minneapolis or San Francisco, this travel comparison, which includes costs, can help. The overall cost of travel is usually a consideration when deciding where to go next, and the cost comparison down below can help you decide based on the average prices from other travelers along with your own travel budget. Minneapolis is a diverse, dynamic, and innovative city. Because this is such a big city, visitors will find many sights and attractions around town. It's also popular because of the museums, nightlife, and food. San Francisco is a eccentric, one-of-a-kind, and scenic coastal city. With plenty of activities and things to do, it's a huge city that draws plenty of visitors. It's considered by many to be an absolutely beautiful destination, too. Visitors also love the live music, food, and beaches. Travelers will usually find more to do in San Francisco than Minneapolis, as it is bigger with more sights, attractions, and activities for visitors. San Francisco is more popular for its museums, theatre productions, food, music, beaches, hiking, big city activities, and impressive beauty, while Minneapolis is known for its nightlife. San Francisco is more touristy than Minneapolis and is known for its striking bayfront setting, stunning urban hikes, quirky personality, and reputation within the tech industry. It is also home to The Golden Gate Bridge. Minneapolis is popular for its professional sports teams, countless outdoor activities, and friendly people. Let's take a look at the differences and similarities between San Francisco and Minneapolis. Then, you can decide for yourself which place is better for your next trip. San Francisco is a world-class destination for its museums and history. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for its museums and landmarks. The museums and tourist attractions in San Francisco are world-renowned. The city's landmarks are as diverse as the people who live there. The most recognizable landmark is the famous Golden Gate Bridge, but visitors also enjoy seeing Alcatraz Island, the Legion of Honor, the Palace of Fine Arts, as well as the small but fascinating Cable Car Museum. You'll find a good number of museums and monuments packed into Minneapolis. There's a wide variety of museums that include art, history, science, and local culture. Some of the favorite museums in the city are the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, the American Swedish Institute, and the Weisman Art Museum. San Francisco is a nice place to visit for its theatre productions. However, Minneapolis is not a theatre destination. You'll find a nice selection of shows in San Francisco. The city has around a dozen theaters where you can enjoy musicals or plays. Minneapolis is not a theatre destination. San Francisco is a world-class destination for its restaurants. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for its restaurant scene. Known for it's food and restaurant scene, San Francisco is always at the top of any foodie's travel list. There are local dives as well as five star restaurants, with everything in between. Popular local dining experiences include sourdough bread bowls and Dungeness crab at Fisherman's Wharf, and dim sum in Chinatown. Head away from the touristy neighborhoods if you want to sample some of the more local restaurants around town. There are many up and coming restaurants in the Minneapolis area. Dishes in the Midwest are known for being hearty comfort foods, and the food in Minneapolis is no exception. You'll find cheese-stuffed burgers that are known as Juicy Lucys, Tator Tot casseroles, and deep-fried cheese curds. For international food, there's a variety of Scandinavian options around town. Minneapolis is a great city for its evening party scene. Also, San Francisco is not as popular, but is still a nice coastal city for nightlife. The nightlife in Minneapolis has something for everybody. There are diverse neighborhoods that each have their own personality. You'll find rooftop lounges in Uptown, international venues in Whittier, and trendy bars in the North Loop. But at the heart of the city's nightlife scene is Downtown Minneapolis. There's a variety of activities in the evening in San Francisco. It has a great nightlife with many local bars and trendy clubs. For the best nightlife away from the tourists, head to Valencia Street or Polk Street. If you want to be in a more touristy area, check out Union Square. Popular clubs in the city include Temple San Francisco, Monarch, and Audio Nightclub. San Francisco is a nice place to visit for its live music scene. However, Minneapolis is not a live music destination. The music scene helps keep San Francisco active and fun. Well known music venues include the Great American Music Hall, Slim's, and The Chapel. Minneapolis is not a live music destination. San Francisco is a very popular place for the beache. However, Minneapolis is not a beach destination. You'll have a great beach vacation in San Francisco. Whether you're interested in surfing or simply taking in the dramatic views, the beaches of San Francisco will take your breath away. Some of the best beaches include Ocean Beach, Baker Beach, and Muir Beach. Minneapolis is not a beach destination. San Francisco is a world-class destination for its hiking trails. However, Minneapolis is not a hiking destination. Known for its hiking, San Francisco draws a crowd to experience the nature and the trails. The city's hikes take in the dramatic views of the bay and city. Just outside of town there are also countless hikes through the Redwoods and along the coastline. Popular hikes in the area include Lands End, Tomales Point Trail at Point Reyes National Seashore, and Muir Woods. Minneapolis is not a hiking destination. Shoppers can find a variety of amazing stores in both Minneapolis and San Francisco. Known for shopping, Minneapolis draws large crowds to its stores. Known for the megamall, Mall of America, this is a shopper's paradise. Mall of America is the largest shopping mall in the country and it even has an aquarium and a theme park within it. In addition to this iconic shopping mall, Minneapolis also has many shopping districts including the Minnehaha Mile. San Francisco is a world class destination for shoppers. The city has excellent shopping from local vendors to recognizable brands. Union Square, Embarcadero, Fillmore Street and Haight Street are some of the best neighborhoods for shopping. San Francisco is a world-class destination for its kid-friendly activities. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for its family-friendly activities. San Francisco is an amazing family-friendly coastal city to visit. With its many outdoor parks, hiking trails, beaches, and kid-friendly museums, this city makes a great family-friendly destination. There are also many amazing playgrounds with stunning views of the bay and city. Head to Chinatown for some unique and kid-friendly food, or down to Pier 39 for fun activities that the whole family can enjoy. Minneapolis is known to be a very family-friendly place to visit. Mall of America is at the top of the list for most families, but there's also plenty of kid-friendly museums around town as well as nature centers, parks, and playgrounds. There's the Como Park Zoo and Conservatory, the Minnesota Zoo, and Afton Apple Orchard. For museums, kids will love the Minnesota Children's Museum or the Science Museum of Minnesota. San Francisco is a very popular place for its romantic activities. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for couples. San Francisco makes for a fun place to visit for a couple. Couples enjoy the romantic backdrop of this beautiful city. There are world-class restaurants and plenty of spas that couples can enjoy during a honeymoon or romantic getaway. There are also many scenic walks and breathtaking views that couples can appreciate. Minneapolis is a good city for couples to visit. There are beautiful parks and outdoor spaces to explore as well as museums and fine dining. Couples will appreciate stopping by the Stone Arch Bridge or wandering through the Lyndale Park Rose Garden. San Francisco is a very popular place for backpackers and budget travelers. However, Minneapolis is lacking in good options for backpackers. Many backpackers visit San Francisco. The city is one of the more backpacker friendly cities in the United States. There are a handful of hostels throughout, many concentrated in the popular Union Square and Downtown neighborhoods of the city. Minneapolis is a challenging destination for budget travelers and backpackers due to the higher prices. While it's not a popular destination for backpackers, there is at least one hostel in town. Both Minneapolis and San Francisco are superb destinations for students. Minneapolis is a great city to visit as a student. There are a number of colleges and universities in the area including the University of Minnesota. The city is known for its academic and intellectual focus, and students will enjoy being challenged educationally while enjoying a dynamic city. Students come from all over to stay in San Francisco. As a large and dynamic city, the area is popular with international students who want to experience this unique side of the United States. Major universities in the area include University of San Francisco, San Francisco State University, and nearby, the University of California, Berkeley. San Francisco is a world-class destination for times when you don't have a car. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for its public transit. With a huge network, the transit system in San Francisco can get you around easily. The transit network includes a subway (the BART), trams, cable cars, ferries, and buses. You'll find some public transit in Minneapolis, but it may not be enough to take you everywhere. There are buses, light rail, and commuter trains that stop at many of the major entertainment centers around town. San Francisco is a very popular place for its high level of walkability. Also, Minneapolis is not quite as popular, but is fairly good for its ease of walking around. San Francisco is a very walkable coastal city. It is compact enough to explore on foot, but given the large hills, it's a bit of a challenge, even for the most fit among us. Minneapolis is a somewhat walkable city. There are neighborhoods that are dense enough to be walkable, but the city is still very car-focused. Both Minneapolis and San Francisco have a number of activities to choose from. With generally more activities and things to do, visitors tend to spend more time in San Francisco than in Minneapolis. Usually, 2-4 days is a good amount of time for Minneapolis, and 3-7 days is enough time in San Francisco. Families should spend more time in San Francisco than Minneapolis. Because of the many family-friendly attractions and fun things to do for kids in San Francisco, it's a great place to visit with the whole family. Couples should spend more time in San Francisco than Minneapolis. You'll find plenty of romantic sights and fun activities in San Francisco that are perfect for a weekend getaway or a longer couple's trip. Backpackers and budget travelers should spend more time in San Francisco than Minneapolis if your budget allows for it. With a larger number of budget-friendly sights, good nightlife, and active things to do, anyone traveling on a budget would have a good time in San Francisco. Many travelers enjoy the shopping and museums when visiting the innovative destination of Minneapolis. Don't miss the shopping, as that's what most people do. Your budget might influence how long you stay. Since there is so much to do in the area, one day is probably not enough for all of it. San Francisco is a eccentric coastal city where you can fill many days. It's also a great beach destination, too. One day is usually not enough time for a trip here as there is plenty to do. The entire region has so many activities, and you'll want time to do everything. It's hard to know how much time to spend in Minneapolis. Don't miss the shopping, as that's what most people do. It has many unique tourist attractions and fascinating things to do. For many, it makes a great getaway for a weekend. A weekend is usually enough time to experience most activities. San Francisco is a quirky big city where you can fill many days. Many visitors also spend a good bit of time hiking. This coastal city offers something for everyone. Since there is so much to do in the area, a weekend is probably not enough for all of it. Travelers enjoy the nightlife and food when visiting the innovative destination of Minneapolis. This city offers a variety of activities to choose from. Five days is usually plenty of time to spend here with extra days to spare. With this much time, visitors often visit nearby destinations or take day trips. San Francisco is a beautiful coastal city where you can fill many days. You'll find plenty of activities on the beach. Many people spend five days here.If you enjoy all that's offered here, then five days is just the right amount of time to spend here. The length of your trip often depends on your style of travel. You'll find food and shopping around the city of Minneapolis. One week is more than enough time to enjoy everything. Take some day trips to nearby places to fill the extra days. The length of your ideal trip is an individual decision. San Francisco is a big city destination where you can fill many days. Anyone can find something fun to do here. This is a popular place to visit for one week. Most people come for the beaches. In one week, you should have a good grasp of this coastal city. For some great organized tour ideas, see The Best Wildlife Tours to United States of America, The Best Hiking & Trekking Tours in United States of America, The Best Historical Tours in United States of America, and The Best 10-Day Tours in United States of America. These are the overall average travel costs for the two destinations. The average daily cost (per person) in Minneapolis is $206, while the average daily cost in San Francisco is $222. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. While every person is different, these costs are an average of past travelers in each destination. What follows is a categorical breakdown of travel costs for Minneapolis and San Francisco in more detail. Looking for a hotel in Minneapolis or San Francisco? Prices vary by location, date, season, and the level of luxury. See below for options and compare which is best for your budget and travel style. Kayak helps you find the best prices for hotels, flights, and rental cars for destinations around the world. Compare prices for multiple destinations when planning your next trip. Also for Minneapolis, here are a few examples of actual transportation services: Here are some examples of typical transportation prices from actual travelers in San Francisco: Also for San Francisco, here are a few examples of actual transportation services: Prices for flights to both San Francisco and Minneapolis change regularly based on dates and travel demand. We suggest you find the best prices for your next trip on Kayak, because you can compare the cost of flights across multiple airlines for your prefered dates. For Minneapolis, here are some samples of tours and activities related to meals and dining experiences: For San Francisco, here are some samples of tours and activities related to meals and dining experiences: For Minneapolis, here are a few prices for actual activities, tours, and tickets provided by various companies: Also, here are some specific examples of entertainment, tickets, and activities for San Francisco. Also in Minneapolis, these are the prices for nightlife and alcohol related activities from various tour providers: Here are a few nightlife and alcohol tours and activities from local tour providers in San Francisco: When comparing the travel costs between Minneapolis and San Francisco, we can see that San Francisco is more expensive. However, the two cities are actually relatively comparable in price, as the difference is somewhat minimal. Generally, this means that you could travel with generally the same travel style and level of luxury in each place. Since both cities are in North America, it's no surprise that their costs are relatively close, as many destinations here have somewhat similar travel prices overall. San Francisco has a larger population, and is about 99% larger than the population of Minneapolis. When comparing the sizes of Minneapolis and San Francisco, keep in mind that a larger population does not always imply the destination has more attractions or better activities. So, always research the type of place that you want to visit along with the activities and attractions that interest you. Both destinations experience a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. And since both cities are in the northern hemisphere, summer is in July and winter is in January. The summer attracts plenty of travelers to both Minneapolis and San Francisco. The summer months attract visitors to Minneapolis because of the city activities and the family-friendly experiences. Furthermore, the beaches, the hiking, the city activities, the music scene, and the family-friendly experiences are the main draw to San Francisco this time of year. In the summer, Minneapolis is a little warmer than San Francisco. Typically, the summer temperatures in Minneapolis in July average around 76°F (25°C), and San Francisco averages at about 63°F (17°C). In July, Minneapolis usually receives more rain than San Francisco. Minneapolis gets 3.4 inches (86 mm) of rain, while San Francisco receives 0.1 inches (2 mm) of rain each month for the summer. The autumn brings many poeple to Minneapolis as well as San Francisco. The city's sights and attractions and the shopping scene are the main draw to Minneapolis this time of year. Additionally, many travelers come to San Francisco for the hiking trails, the city's sights and attractions, the shopping scene, the music scene, and the natural beauty of the area. In October, Minneapolis is generally much colder than San Francisco. Daily temperatures in Minneapolis average around 52°F (11°C), and San Francisco fluctuates around 63°F (17°C). Minneapolis usually gets more rain in October than San Francisco. Minneapolis gets 1.8 inches (45 mm) of rain, while San Francisco receives 1.3 inches (33 mm) of rain this time of the year. Both San Francisco and Minneapolis are popular destinations to visit in the winter with plenty of activities. Many travelers come to Minneapolis for the museums, the shopping scene, and the cuisine. Also, many visitors come to San Francisco in the winter for the museums, the shopping scene, the theater shows, and the cuisine. Be prepared for some very cold days in Minneapolis. Minneapolis is much colder than San Francisco in the winter. The daily temperature in Minneapolis averages around 15°F (-10°C) in January, and San Francisco fluctuates around 50°F (10°C). In January, Minneapolis usually receives less rain than San Francisco. Minneapolis gets 0.9 inches (22 mm) of rain, while San Francisco receives 3.8 inches (96 mm) of rain each month for the winter. Both San Francisco and Minneapolis during the spring are popular places to visit. Many visitors come to Minneapolis in the spring for the activities around the city. Also, most visitors come to San Francisco for the beaches, the activities around the city, and the natural beauty during these months. In the spring, Minneapolis is cooler than San Francisco. Typically, the spring temperatures in Minneapolis in April average around 49°F (10°C), and San Francisco averages at about 58°F (14°C). Minneapolis usually gets more rain in April than San Francisco. Minneapolis gets 2.1 inches (53 mm) of rain, while San Francisco receives 1.2 inches (31 mm) of rain this time of the year. |0.9 inches (22 mm) |3.8 inches (96 mm) |0.7 inches (19 mm) |2.7 inches (69 mm) |1.7 inches (43 mm) |2.7 inches (69 mm) |2.1 inches (53 mm) |1.2 inches (31 mm) |2.9 inches (74 mm) |0.2 inches (5 mm) |3.2 inches (82 mm) |0.1 inches (3 mm) |3.4 inches (86 mm) |0.1 inches (2 mm) |2.8 inches (71 mm) |0.1 inches (1 mm) |2.2 inches (57 mm) |0.3 inches (7 mm) |1.8 inches (45 mm) |1.3 inches (33 mm) |1.3 inches (33 mm) |2.8 inches (71 mm) |0.9 inches (22 mm) |2.7 inches (68 mm)

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- Pay 5.39% interest rate - You don’t need to make regular monthly payments unless you prefer to - Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property is now very common house prices have come down - Stay living in your own house for as long as you like - Can be used to help tax planning How much money can I borrow? You can borrow 60% of your home’s value. For example, if your house is valued at £330000 you can get £198000. It’s common to discover individuals seeking out lumpsum lifetime mortgages, lump sum life time mortgages or home reversion schemes, however, Key Solutions like AA equity release are keen to see proof of your personal circumstances in the form of pension statements. Towns in the UK where retirement mortgages and Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property are common - Wimborne Minster - Bury St Edmunds How much is it common to release from a home The older you are and the sicker you are the more money you can release. The 1st and 2nd charge lender will want to know if the property is a Detached freehold house or a Leasehold flat with share of freehold and if the resident is an Assured shorthold tenancy tenant. Challenging to finance property variants include rentcharges properties with a high estate rentcharge, leasehold properties with a short lease, typically less than 70 years, or a defective lease, properties of non-standard construction, corrugated iron construction and Airey, Boot, Cornish Unit, Dorran, Dyke, Gregory, Hamish Cross, Myton, Newland, Orlit and Parkinson Frame. Tough to mortgage property titles can include properties with land in addition to the domestic grounds up to a maximum property size of five acres, where the land is for normal domestic use, properties with a large number/scale of outbuildings, grades l and ll* Listed Buildings in England & Wales (Grades A and B in Scotland; A, B+ and B1 in Northern Ireland), properties that are being used for personal commercial use and properties in coastal areas that may be affected by erosion. Difficult to finance home types can include properties with post 1945 asbestos or similar composition roof tiles , properties with any externally applied insulation to the walls after construction, steel frame/clad properties built before 1990, studio flats outside the M25 and basement or lower ground floor flats without level access to private or communal garden space. Hard to mortgage property variants include poorly maintained at the time of the valuation inspection, properties where tenants live in a self-contained part of the property, freehold houses and bungalows (England, Wales, Northern Ireland), properties where the customer is offering only part of the title as security for the loan and properties with owned solar panels. Popular loan to value percentage ratios of Standard Chartered retirement mortgages over 70, Zurich mortgages for 60 year olds, Churchill lifetime mortgages for over 60s, Principality Building Society mortgages for over 65, Nottingham Building Society mortgages for pensioners over 60 and Progressive Building Society retirement interest only mortgages over 75 are 45%, 55% and 65%. Equity Release UK Lenders - Age Concern - Norwich Union - Lifetime Mortgage from L&G Equity Release LTV Percentages for Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property - 50% home reversion schemes LV Liverpool Victoria - 25% LTV monthly payment lifetime mortgage Masthaven - 25% LTV monthly payment equity release Masthaven Some of the most common loan to value percentages of LV= later life interest only mortgages over 70, More to life mortgages for pensioners over 60, One Family interest only mortgages for over 60s, Yorkshire Building Society mortgages for people 60 plus, Metro Bank mortgages for over 60s and SunLife mortgages for 60 plus are 50%, 60% and 65%. - Bath Building Society Equity Release House - Progressive Building Society Over 75 Mortgage - Failed Environmental Search Contaminated Land - Aldermore Lifetime Mortgage - Flying Freehold Over Shared Passageway - Equity Release Belfast Providers - Ex Local Authority Pensioner Mortgage - Thatched Houses Exploring Lifetime Mortgage Interest Rates Over 60 and Equity Release Over 70 in the UK Property ownership in the UK offers an array of financial benefits, especially when individuals reach the retirement phase of life. By understanding how lifetime mortgage interest rates work for those over 60 and assessing equity release for those over 70, homeowners can make strategic decisions, especially in light of the booming short-term rental market with properties like Airbnb, as well as the buy-to-let space. Airbnb Properties and Equity Release With the rise of platforms like Airbnb, there’s been a notable increase in homeowners seeking airbnb properties for sale uk. These types of properties offer a potential revenue stream, and homeowners often contemplate how they can leverage their primary or secondary homes to purchase these investment properties. Equity release on a second home and equity release for second home become pertinent topics. A common question that arises is, “can I use equity as a deposit uk?”, especially when considering purchasing a secondary property for rental purposes. Bed and Breakfast Ventures: B&B Mortgages Not just limited to Airbnb, many homeowners are also turning their properties into traditional bed and breakfast establishments. Securing a b&b mortgage or a mortgage for b&b is an avenue to explore, especially if one considers using the equity in their primary residence to finance the venture. Using Equity as a Stepping Stone The idea of using equity as deposit is gaining traction, particularly among those who wish to buy additional properties. Many ponder questions like “can you use equity as a deposit on another house?” or “can equity be used as a deposit?”. The answer lies in understanding the equity one has and consulting with the right property purchasing company. For individuals considering equity release to venture into the buy-to-let market, understanding equity release from buy to let property is crucial. Aspects such as equity release on rented property and equity release for buy to let shed light on how one can leverage a rented property’s value. Ad Hoc Property Opportunities and the Buying Process Sometimes, property opportunities arise unexpectedly. There might be ad hoc properties available that fit an individual’s investment portfolio perfectly. In such cases, knowing how to manoeuvre the equity in one’s home becomes essential. The process of buying and selling simultaneously can be daunting. Homeowners often seek tools like a selling and buying a house at the same time calculator to make an informed decision. Questions such as “how soon can i sell my house after purchase uk?” underscore the need for strategic planning. Releasing Equity: Beyond Primary Residences Equity release isn’t just limited to one’s primary residence. Equity release second home options and considerations around equity release on a second home are avenues that homeowners are exploring, especially if they’ve built substantial equity in their vacation or secondary homes. The buy-to-let market is an attractive space for many. Exploring equity release buy to let options and understanding buy-to-let equity release mechanisms allow homeowners to tap into the value of their rented properties. For homeowners who are contemplating using their property’s equity to finance a new purchase, the idea of releasing equity to buy a second home or equity release to buy another house is enticing. Many homeowners ask, “can I buy a house with a lifetime mortgage?”, looking to use the property’s value to secure another investment. Cash Purchases and Equity Considerations There are scenarios where individuals might consider buying a house outright with cash uk. Opting for such a purchase offers certain advantages, but some then contemplate a subsequent step: buy house with cash then get mortgage. The strategy here is to liquidate assets, make a cash purchase, and then refinance the home, possibly releasing equity for other ventures. Maximising Property Equity At its core, property equity represents the value homeowners can tap into. Questions such as “how do you release equity in your home?” and understanding equity in property are foundational. Whether one is looking at releasing equity from your house to finance renovations, or equity release to buy property for investment, understanding the mechanics is vital. Equity in a property is a powerful financial tool. Whether homeowners wish to use house as equity for buying another, explore equity release on buy to let, or simply understand their house equity, having a grasp of these concepts empowers them to make strategic decisions. Tapping into Equity for Multiple Property Ventures The allure of multiple property ownership is strong. Whether it’s considering how to use equity to buy another home uk, pondering “can I use the equity in my house to buy another house uk?”, or even understanding how to buy a property with no money uk by leveraging existing equity, homeowners are keen to explore all avenues. Using existing assets to finance new ventures, be it through releasing equity in my house to buy another or using equity to buy a second home, allows individuals to expand their property portfolio without extensive out-of-pocket expenses. In essence, whether one is looking at equity release mechanisms for those over 60 or exploring options specific to those over 70, the UK property market offers a wealth of opportunities. By understanding these intricacies, homeowners are better placed to make decisions that align with their financial goals and aspirations. - Harpenden Building Society Over 70 Mortgage - 55 Mortgage - Mortgages For Retirees - Sunlife Lifetime Equity Loan - Yorkshire Building Society Interest Only Mortgage - Flooding Areas UK Equity Release - Lg Over 55 Mortgage - Broad Leaved Dock Japanese Knotweed - BISF Equity Release Interest Rates - Over 65 Mortgages - Post Office Interest Only Lifetime Mortgage - Mortgages For New Builds - Equity Release Property With Land Leveraging Equity in the Buy-to-Let Market The Buy-to-Let market has always been a staple in the UK’s property landscape. With soaring rental demands in various regions, many homeowners are intrigued by the prospects of entering this market. Especially for those over 60 or even over 70, the equity built up in their homes over decades can serve as a robust financial tool to plunge into the buy-to-let arena. Buy-to-Let Equity Release Mechanisms A topic that resonates with many property enthusiasts is equity release on buy to let property. Owning a property that is rented out not only provides a regular income stream but also holds potential for appreciation over time. This dual benefit makes the idea of equity release for buy to let particularly attractive. Releasing equity from buy to let can facilitate other investments or perhaps even the acquisition of more properties. It’s common for investors to contemplate release equity from buy to let to capitalise on another lucrative property deal they’ve identified. Equity for Property Expansion releasing equity from home Expanding one’s property portfolio can seem daunting, but not when there’s substantial equity at hand. Many are curious about releasing equity to buy another property or even releasing equity to buy another house. The idea is simple: use the value you’ve built in one property to acquire another. For seasoned homeowners who’ve seen their property’s value appreciate over time, questions like “can I release equity to buy another property?” or “can I use equity to buy another house uk?” are paramount. They see the potential and are keen to maximise their returns. Equity and Property Dynamics Understanding the nuances of equity release on a second home can open doors to more diversified investment opportunities. For those fortunate enough to own a vacation home or a secondary property, the query often revolves around equity release on second home. If there’s value built up, why not use it? With the changing dynamics of the property market, some homeowners even ponder over equity release to buy second home. Whether it’s a coastal retreat or a city apartment, the equity from a primary residence can pave the way. Multiple Property Ownership: The Equity Play – releasing equity to buy second home Dreaming of owning multiple properties isn’t far-fetched, especially when there’s equity involved. The entire concept of using equity from house to buy another or strategies around releasing equity from your home to buy another showcase the power of leveraged property investments. And while the dream of buying a house outright is a luxury few can afford, the strategy of using equity to buy another property has enabled many to expand their property horizons without the burden of hefty up-front costs. Equity Release: The Way Forward for Releasing House Equity While traditionally, equity release was seen as a mechanism primarily to boost retirement incomes or finance large expenditures, its potential as a property investment tool is now being recognised. Whether it’s equity release to buy property, or using equity to buy second home calculator tools to plan out the financials, the landscape is rife with possibilities. In conclusion, for those over 60 or 70 in the UK, the equity built in their homes over decades isn’t just a testament to their financial prudence but also a doorway to further property ventures. Leveraging this equity, be it through buy-to-let investments or acquiring additional properties, can lead to diversified income streams and a richer property portfolio. The key lies in understanding the equity at hand and making informed, strategic decisions to ensure a brighter financial future. - Equity Release Under 50 Broker - Dudley Building Society Equity Release Rates 2024 - Nottingham Mortgages - Interest Rates Equity Release Age - Barclays Retirement Interest Only Mortgage Broker - Melton Mowbray Building Society Over 75 Mortgage - Rbs Lifetime Mortgage Age Unlocking the Power of Equity in UK Housing What is Equity and How Does It Function – house equity release? Understanding equity’s essence is crucial for homeowners, especially those above the age of 60 and 70. Equity in a house is simply the difference between its market value and any outstanding mortgage or other debts secured against it. If, for example, your home is valued at £300,000 and you have a £200,000 mortgage, the equity would be £100,000. But what is equity in a home in its broader sense? It’s more than just a difference in numbers. It’s a representation of a homeowner’s financial health and a potential reservoir of funds. Over the years, as the value of the property rises and the mortgage amount reduces, the equity in your home increases. Equity isn’t just confined to one’s primary residence. The same principle applies whether it’s equity in a property, a secondary home, or even a rental unit. The broader question often becomes, how does equity in a house work? Or more specifically, how can homeowners leverage it? Releasing Equity: The Basics and to use equity as deposit For those wondering how to release equity from home, it’s a process that allows homeowners to access the locked-up value in their properties without having to sell. In the context of the UK, especially for those above 60, releasing equity in home can provide an additional income stream or a lump sum amount, offering financial flexibility. The process itself has various methods. One popular option is a lifetime mortgage, wherein you borrow money against the value of your home while still retaining ownership. Interest accumulates on the loan, which gets repaid when the property is sold, usually when the homeowner moves into long-term care or passes away. However, before diving in, it’s crucial to understand how to release equity in house. Typically, homeowners approach an equity release provider who calculates the amount that can be released based on the property’s value and the age of the youngest homeowner. The Intricacies of Equity Release and Equity Release Second Home For those eager to explore this avenue, understanding how to release equity from your home UK style is essential. UK’s equity release market is regulated, providing homeowners with several protections. For instance, a ‘no negative equity’ guarantee ensures that homeowners will never owe more than their home’s value. Releasing money from property isn’t a decision to be taken lightly. It involves long-term implications and potential costs. The exact mechanics can be complex, leading many to question, how to release equity from a property effectively. It begins with a thorough evaluation of the property and consulting financial advisers specialising in equity release. Equity Release for Property Endeavours to release equity to buy a second home Beyond just accessing funds, equity release holds potential for various property pursuits. Some homeowners consider releasing equity from house to finance a new property or renovate their existing home. A trend has emerged where individuals release equity from home to fund the deposit for another property. This strategy can be lucrative, especially when considering the rental income potential from the new property. It’s almost like using the equity from home to create a revenue-generating asset. Venturing into Buy-to-Let and equity release on a second home Another fascinating arena is the buy-to-let market. Some homeowners, armed with a substantial amount of equity, look for buy to let mortgage houses for sale. They release equity from property or release equity in property to serve as a deposit for a rental property. This move can generate a steady rental income, providing a comfortable cushion for those in their later years. It’s not uncommon for people to question if they can release equity from house uk and venture into buy-to-let. The UK market, given its robust regulatory framework and consistent demand for rental properties, often makes this a viable option for many. Purchasing New Properties – what if I own my house outright and want to buy another UK? The idea of purchasing a property or even multiple properties isn’t far-fetched when equity comes into play. The thought process is straightforward: release equity house or equity release property and use the funds as a deposit or even to purchase property outright. Purchasing house opportunities become more accessible, especially when considering the potential rental yields and property appreciation. And while the dream of buying a house outright with cash is a luxury few can afford, leveraging equity can indeed make this dream a reality for many. Equity’s Role in Home Improvements and Expansions and equity release on second home Apart from new property acquisitions, equity is also frequently released for home improvements. Homeowners might opt to release equity on house to finance an extension, a loft conversion, or even significant renovations. Such improvements not only enhance the living experience but can also significantly boost the property’s value. Considering the Future: Renting and Help to Buy A frequent query revolves around can you rent out help to buy property. The Help to Buy scheme in the UK is designed to aid first-time buyers. However, the stipulations of the scheme generally prevent homeowners from sub-letting or renting out the property purchased via Help to Buy, with certain exceptions. The journey of equity, from understanding what is equity on a house to exploring its myriad uses, is indeed extensive. For UK homeowners, especially those over 60 and 70, this journey can be a transformative one. Leveraging the equity built over the years can open doors to diversified investments, providing financial stability and even generating consistent income streams. - Just Retirement Over 65 Mortgage - National Counties Family Building Society Retirement Mortgage - Legal And General Over 50 Mortgage - Key Retirement Over 75 Mortgage - Equity Release Under 40 House - Bisf House Construction - Best Equity Release Interest Rates - Best Equity Release Company Financial Implications and Costs including equity release for second home When diving into the world of equity release, it’s essential to understand the financial implications. One of the foremost concerns for homeowners is, how much does it cost to release equity? It’s not just about the potential interest rates; there are several costs associated with equity release. One might wonder about the legal cost associated with the process. Legal fees can vary depending on the complexity of the process, and the solicitor chosen. It’s crucial to get a transparent breakdown from your legal adviser to avoid any hidden charges. Another aspect to consider is the valuation fees. Before releasing equity, the provider will want an accurate valuation of your property. While some equity release providers might offer free valuations as part of their package, others might charge for it. This cost can vary depending on the size and location of the property. Navigating the Waters of Interest Rates and buying Airbnb properties for sale uk For those considering a lifetime mortgage, a pivotal aspect to consider is the interest rate. While the interest compounds, resulting in the debt potentially growing rapidly, understanding the intricacies of the rate is crucial. The question “how do interest rates affect my equity release?” is one every homeowner must grapple with. As with any mortgage or loan, the interest rate is a primary determinant of how much it will cost in the long run. For homeowners above 60, interest rates for lifetime mortgages might vary based on the lender, the type of product chosen, and the current state of the market. It’s always wise to shop around and get quotes from multiple providers. An understanding of equity direct rates can be beneficial in these scenarios. For those aged 70 and above, the equity release rates might be slightly different. Lenders sometimes offer more favourable terms, recognizing the reduced life expectancy. Nevertheless, it remains essential to understand fully how much does it cost before committing. The Buy-to-Let Scenario and Equity – equity release from buy to let property Equity release isn’t limited just to one’s primary residence. There’s growing interest in equity release from buy to let property. The buy-to-let market in the UK has witnessed consistent growth, and for landlords, this becomes a compelling way to access funds without selling their rental properties. Equity release for buy to let follows the same principle as standard equity release but is tailored for rental properties. Given the rental yields and the potential for property appreciation, releasing equity from such properties can serve dual purposes: generating immediate funds and maintaining an asset that continues to appreciate and provide rental income. A vital question many landlords pose is, can you use equity as a deposit on another house? The answer is affirmative. The released equity can be used as a deposit for another buy-to-let property, thus expanding the property portfolio. Navigating the Complexities of Multiple Properties Equity release on a second home is also an avenue homeowners might explore. Just as with a primary residence, the equity built up in a second home can be accessed, providing homeowners with financial flexibility. It’s essential to recognize that the regulations and terms for equity release on second home might differ from those of a primary residence. If the aim is portfolio expansion, using equity release to buy another property becomes a strategic move. For instance, a homeowner with considerable equity in their primary residence could release equity to buy a second home, either as an investment or a holiday retreat. The Allure of Immediate Purchases The UK property market, with its historical resilience and appreciation potential, has always attracted investors. Some individuals, buoyed by their equity, might consider an immediate outright purchase. The idea of buying a house outright without any mortgage can be enticing, primarily when funded through released equity. For those with sufficient equity, this becomes a feasible reality. Buying a house outright with cash eliminates the need for mortgage approvals, often speeding up the property purchasing process. In conclusion, the world of equity, especially in the context of the UK housing market, is vast and filled with opportunities. For homeowners, particularly those over the age of 60 and 70, understanding and leveraging this equity can pave the way for financial stability, growth, and even the realization of long-held dreams. Whether it’s for immediate financial needs, property investments, or future planning, equity stands as a robust pillar in the financial landscape. - Natwest Retirement Mortgage Calculator - Mansfield Building Society Pensioner Mortgage Calculator - No Fees Equity Release - Nationwide Retirement Mortgage Loan - Age Partnership Interest Rates Can I buy a house with a lifetime mortgage? Yes, you can. - Natwest Equity Release Schemes - Equity Release Under 60 House - Tipton & Coseley Mortgage Broker - Santander Over 65 Mortgage - Over 60 Mortgage - Under 50 Equity Release Scheme Disadvantages of Home Reversion Plans – buy a house and Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property Lump-sum lifetime mortgages can reduce the inheritance for your family – Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property. Monthly payment equity release may impact entitlements to state benefits. You may need to pay a legal fee and could be exposed to changes in interest rates with some products. - Just Retirement Interest Only Lifetime Mortgage – what is equity in property - L&G Legal & General Flexi Max Voluntary Repayment Plan - Lloyds Bank Equity Release Schemes - Stonehaven Interest Only Lifetime Mortgage - Lloyds Bank Lifetime Mortgage – release equity to buy second home - NatWest Interest Only Lifetime Mortgage - Royal Bank of Scotland Equity Release - Saga home reversion plan to buy a house - Bridgewater Equity Release Plans - Just Retirement Equity Release, they will tell you what is equity in a property - Stonehaven Interest Only Lifetime Mortgage - Nationwide Equity Release Plans - Lloyds Bank Lifetime Mortgage Some of the most popular pensioner loan products are Lloyds mortgages for people 60 plus, Barclays lifetime mortgages, Post Office RIO mortgages, Legal & General retirement interest-only mortgages and Nationwide Building Society later life interest-only mortgages over 60. Business owners details likely with equity to release - Shaping and processing of flat glass Crook - Fitness facilities Whitworth - Support activities for crop production Maryport - Liquid milk and cream production Wragby - Finishing of textiles Bexley - Retail sale of musical instruments and scores Chorleywood - Raising of swine pigs Minehead - Releasing Equity To Buy Another Property in the UK - Manufacture of paper and paperboard Spalding - Computer facilities management activities Westbury - Manufacture of men’s underwear Gillingham - Retail sale of newspapers and stationery in specialised stores Haltwhistle - Manufacture of electronic components Bicester - Other retail sales in non-specialised stores Alton - Other retail sales of new goods in specialised stores, not commercial art galleries and opticians Winchelsea - Justice and Judicial Activities Luton - Manufacture of ice cream Sutton - Wholesale of perfume and cosmetics Grimsby - Raising of dairy cattle Verwood Common loan to value percentage ratios of Lloyds Bank mortgages for over 70s, Barclays Bank interest only lifetime mortgages for over 60s, Halifax later life interest only mortgages over 70, L&G interest only mortgages for people over 60, RBS interest only lifetime mortgages for over 70s and Nationwide Building Society remortgages for people over 50 years old are 45%, 60% and 65%.

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20 March 2024 Eloise O’Brien, Senior Associate, Responsible Business and ESG Dr Jonathan Kolieb, Senior Lecturer, RMIT Graduate School of Business and Law Eloise: Welcome to another instalment of Corrs’ Essential ESG podcast. Today, we are recording on the lands of the Wurundjeri People of the Kulin Nation. My name is Eloise O’Brien, I’m a Senior Associate in Corrs’ Responsible Business and ESG practice, and today I am lucky enough to be joined by Dr Jonathan Kolieb. Dr Kolieb is a Senior Lecturer in Law at RMIT in Melbourne and is Co-director of RMIT’s Business and Human Rights Centre, leading the Centre’s work on conflict and peace. Eloise: Welcome Jonathan thanks very much for joining us. Jonathan: Thank you for having me. Eloise: A pleasure and today we want to speak about business and conflict – a very broad topic and how international humanitarian law or IHL and the use of private security fit within the broader framework of responsible business conduct. It’s a big topic we might not be able to cover every base! Jonathan: A very big topic, yes. Eloise: But I thought we might start by talking about ‘What is IHL and what does it have to do with business?’ Jonathan: A great starting question. IHL – International Humanitarian Law are the laws of war or the laws of armed conflict. They are over 100-150 odd years old now and they really are about regulating the means and methods of warfare, of injecting a little bit of humanity into times and situations of war. To protect civilians during wartimes, another purpose of international humanitarian law. So these are fundamental precepts perhaps best captured by the Geneva conventions of 1949 that every State, every country on the planet has signed up to. So they are universally adopted – not universally respected, but that’s a different conversation! – and the relevance to business is, well on many different levels and I can wax on about the relevance but in short I think on an ethical level they are relevant and also on a legal level they are relevant. By ethical I mean many of the international humanitarian law rules are about morality. They are about, again injecting humanity into times and situations where humanity is often lacking. So any actor, be it a business actor, military actor, governmental actor, humanitarian worker, any type of actor that is operating or has connections into conflict affected areas it just behoves them to be mindful of these precepts that have been translated into legal provisions. On a legal perspective International Humanitarian Law is binding on all actors that are closely linked to armed conflict and so it could be a business actor whose activities are closely linked to an armed conflict is actually formally strictly bound by IHL and then finally the other legal angle is accountability. Increasingly we are finding that businesses are being held accountable for breaches of international humanitarian law both in the judicial and in the non-judicial contexts as well. So for all these reasons IHL or International Humanitarian Law is relevant to business. Eloise: And I want to pick up on something you said there Jonathan which is ‘IHL is binding’ which sets it apart from international human rights law in some ways in that it imposes binding legal obligations on business and of course the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights or the UNGPs that many of our clients are familiar with. They do actually call businesses to respect IHL as well as the human rights recognised in those core international treaties. A lot of our clients are probably more familiar with the UNGPs than they are with IHL but you’ve been involved in something recently which is trying to bring IHL more into that accountability piece that you were speaking about before through your work with the Global Sustainability Standards Board. Jonathan: Oh right of the Global Reporting Initiative, yes. Well not so much accountability actually I would push back on that and suggest that actually it is about prevention. For me international humanitarian law and a lot of the work that I do with businesses and about businesses is about educating businesses about the relevance of International Humanitarian Law to their work and preventing the bad stuff from happening in the first place, preventing the contraventions of international humanitarian law and that really is the work that’s what has motivated the work with the Global Reporting Initiative and the GSSB – we like our acronyms. The Global Sustainability Standards Board which is an independent entity within the GRI framework and they develop sustainability standards for companies. The GRI I think first set of standards was corporate sustainability standards was released in 1999 and they’ve been working on it ever since. They’re essentially the world’s best, most highly regarded sustainability reporting framework – full stop and for the past few years they have been integrating not just environmental issues but human rights, social or people in their language people-based concerns. Material topics that should be reported on by companies that are seeking to be sustainable in their business practices. That is a long introduction to what the GRI and the GSSB are all about. So what we tried to do is over many years the Austrlaian Red Cross and us at RMIT have been working on trying to improve business respect and awareness of international humanitarian law and we tried to identify – a few years back – we tried to identify different levers for change and we saw sustainability reporting as something that was only growing in significance, both because of new laws and legislation being passed around the world, but also because of this growing expectation if you will, strengthening expectation amongst many different stakeholders and societies for companies to be really diligent and report about sustainable business practices and so we asked ourselves how do we inject international humanitarian law into that human rights conversation that was starting to happen in many corporate sustainability conversations and frameworks and then the war in Ukraine happened. That really kicked things into high gear. There were a lot of Western companies in both Russia and Ukraine that were wondering: What do we do? What do we do with our employees? What do we do with our foreign employees based in those countries or local employees? What about our assets? What about the sanctions regimes that many Western countries including Australia are levelled against Russia after the war commenced in 2022. At the same time what was happening was that the GRI, the Global Reporting Initiative, were developing a brand new standard for the mining sector and we thought that that was a good opportunity to engage them, both on the mining sector standard, as well as their broader work program for the next few years to try and talk to them about how we can get conflict and International Humanitarian Law more squarely articulated as being part and parcel of a company’s sustainable reporting obligations. Eloise: Yes and I think touching on what you just said there – Ukraine was a really interesting example of demonstrating how many companies, how many sectors are impacted by conflict, can contribute to conflict dynamics. And also be equally impacted by conflict in terms of their supply chain resilience. I guess given the GRI standard focuses specifically on mining I would be interested to hear from you why is it the extractive sector is so exposed to these risks and really needs to be mindful of their impacts on people in conflict zones and their use of security? Jonathan: Yes, so I should note that the GRI, the Global Reporting Initiative is industry agnostic, it applies to all industries but over the past few years what they have been doing is developing sector-specific standards. So really focusing in on asking the question ‘Are there particular topics – material topics that are likely to arise for a specific industrial sector?’ and for the extractives sector they have, or the mining sector standard as they refer to it they have already a coal sector standard, and an oil and gas sector so it is not quite extractives, but for the very first time they have included in this mining sector standard a material topic related to conflict-affected and high-risk areas and I think that’s wonderful recognition of the relevance of operating in such areas, both to a company’s bottom line but also their social and environmental performance as well and that’s the very first time in any sector standard or in the general GRI standards that they have included that topic: ‘Conflict affected and high risk areas’. So we are rapt about that. Why is it particularly relevant to the extractives? Well I should say it’s not only relevant to extractives but if you think about it mining companies have to go to where the mines are, excuse me to where the minerals are to build the mines, to extract the minerals that we need. Often these minerals are found in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. So whereas other industries might be able to pick and choose where they establish their operations, in many respects a mining company is restricted by the location of these minerals and so there are a whole host of mining companies, Australian and non-Australian for example, that are operating in conflict-affected areas of Africa as well as across South-East Asia and South America as well. Eloise: Yes and I think it is easy for people to focus on current crises that are taking up a lot of air space in the news but there are over a hundred armed conflicts international and non-international that are currently ongoing everywhere from Sudan to Myanmar, Azerbaijan to Columbia, Ukraine, you name it. It’s happening in Gaza, everywhere. So the number of companies and the number of industries that are impacted are obviously enormous. I guess another aspect that is interesting to me of mining companies is mining operations tend to have significant environmental impacts for the local communities. They also exploit by their nature, exploit natural resources, and often that’s the subject of conflict, access to those natural resources and ownership of those natural resources. Jonathan: Absolutely, yes the fighting over mineral resources, you can see that in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and surrounding countries for example that the mine sites themselves become the focus of conflict and violence. There’s also child labour rife in a lot of conflict-affected and high-risk areas because these also happen to be areas where there is weak rule of law and weak governance institutions as well. So I think this is the only material topic mentioned in the GRI mining standard that is geographic based as well. All the other topic issues like child labour or tailings of dams or recycling and this is the first time that the GRI is asking companies, in this case mining companies, ‘Are you operating in a conflict --affected and high-risk area?’ and then there’s some follow-on human rights and international humanitarian law based questions which in my opinion is brilliant and also really aligns this standard with the UN Guiding Principles, like as you said before the UN Guiding Principles doesn’t just say ‘the company should also respect international humanitarian law in conflict zones. It also makes a point of saying that it is in conflict affected areas where the most grievous human rights abuses occur’. Eloise: Yes and your mention of the DRC the Democratic Republic of Congo before had me thinking also about there’s this tension I mentioned environmental impacts of mining but also in order to transition our global economy to a green economy we need a lot of transition minerals. A lot of those minerals are located in high-risk conflict-affected areas and there is this great tension that we are highly dependent on the mining of those minerals in order to transition and at the same time we need to be really aware that we’re not making human rights conditions worse for people living in proximity to those mines. Yes it is a fascinating intersection. Jonathan: And what’s great for me, anyway in terms of my personal sort of theory of change I guess about the GRI is again, it’s not mandating ‘thou shalt not mine in these areas’ it is simply asking companies that are operating in such areas to be mindful of human rights and humanitarian law issues and responsible security practice issues as well and to be trying to operate in the most sustainable and responsible way and I think that’s ultimately a good thing for the company, people and the planet. Eloise: Yes certainly and I just want to come back to something you said before too because I think something people often overlook is the fact that IHL might apply to a whole country even if the fighting or the hostilities are located in a region far away from where your business has operations or has their suppliers located. So that awareness that the interconnection is a complex and the way they impact on people outside a business, outside the exact location of hostilities is really interesting. Jonathan: Also so let me point out that the GRI mining sector standard, it doesn’t ask you if you are operating in a conflict zone. It’s about conflict-affected and high-risk areas which is actually language and terminology used by the European Union for example and others. The European Union have adopted a conflict minerals regulation. They have a list of conflict-affected and high-risk areas and why I love that is I go back to sort of where I started: International Humanitarian Law is not just about law, the relevance of International Humanitarian Law should not be simply reduced to ‘what are my legal obligations’ but rather these are ethical precepts that have been enshrined in international treaties and therefore their relevance should not just be restricted ‘where does international humanitarian law apply in a strict legal sense’. If you ask me that question, they apply to situations of armed conflict though, not necessarily to high-risk areas, not to countries that may be sliding into conflict or recovering from conflict, and I think that there is relevance of international humanitarian law precepts about protecting of civilians, of not expropriating property, of not pillaging, of protecting the environment which are all aspects of international humanitarian law, that are similarly relevant to those areas just as they are relevant to conflict, active conflict zones as well. Eloise: You’ve given me a great opening there Jonathan to ask you about the other topic that was included in the GRI mining standard which was the use of private security and I am interested, on the back of what you just said, whether you could speak about some of the red flags or factors that will indicate heightened human rights risk, where companies are using private security, where there is not necessarily an ongoing or current armed conflict. That standard, could you tell us a little bit about why that topic was included? Jonathan: I should call out the Australian Red Cross, DCAF (Democratic Control of Armed Forces) Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Heartland Initiative, Investor Alliance for Human Rights and the list goes on and on. There was, in the end, a bunch of different civil society actors and academics that really tried to brief the global reporting initiative and the sustainability standards board about the relevance of all this and about where they could improve on businesses treatment of conflict and conflict-related issues. One of those aspects was also around responsible security. The GRI Global Reporting Initiative general standards actually have the security standard in their GRI 410. But its only disclosure requirement for a company reporting under that topic was how many people are trained adequately in responsible security in human rights. That’s it. So reduced responsible security practices merely to asking the question about training – there was more that could and should have been said and so for this mining sector standard, what’s great is that they’ve also included the topic on security practices and they actually ask questions, or they recommend that companies also report on how does the company prevent or mitigate adverse impacts on people, from their engagement with public and private security providers. And similar to the conflict affected in high-risk areas, they are actually asking companies how are you adhering to international humanitarian law? So more proactive disclosure requests being made of companies, which is awesome. Not merely about training but also about how do we engage with public and private security providers and prevent adverse harm. Two more things, they also ask about – are you a member of the voluntary principals on security and human rights. That’s a two decade+ old multi-stakeholder initiative that really is striving for best practice in responsible security amongst the extractive sector, governance and civil society are all part of that and they develop some wonderful guidance. That is a nice benchmark I think to put in and by putting it in, hopefully it is a spur for companies that are reporting under the GRI standards, that are not yet a member of the VPs (Voluntary Principals), to consider. And if I may, just one more – so much I could say! – but I love that it also teases out public and private security providers, because in the past a lot of companies and today, a lot of companies engage with States, with local or national police or militaries to provide security for their operations, their assets, their people. The obligation under the UNGPs to respect human rights, you’re not absolved of that obligation to respect human rights as a company simply because it is a sovereign security provider that you have engaged and so by acknowledging that in the GRI, hopefully companies will also consider their engagement with those public security providers which is a completely different relationship than a company engaging and paying private security contractors like a private security firm to provide security for a mine site or something. It’s a completely different power dynamic absolutely, far more sensitive, but the GRI for the first time, are asking companies to consider the adverse impacts on people even by their engagement with those public security providers which I think is exciting. Eloise: It brought me back to thinking about, obviously when companies are engaging with public security providers that raises really interesting questions around direct participation in hostilities under IHL, and even when they are using private security contractors, the importance of training, as you were speaking about, for those security providers is that it helps them understand when they might be giving up the protections that business get under IHL as civilians, their personnel and their assets, as civilian assets and I think businesses need to really cognisant of how they are integrating IHL and human rights into their training and in their engagement with both private and public security to ensure they retain that protection. Jonathan: In terms of the relevance of international humanitarian law to business, is that international humanitarian law provides protections to business and if you don’t know what those protections are and if you don’t know how you might lose them, well you might lose them and become a legitimate target and caught up in an armed conflict and that’s not a good outcome. Eloise: It goes both ways. You can be benefiting from participants to the armed conflict, you can be benefiting from their support but you can also be, by paying royalties, taxes, fees in these fragile states where, as you say, weak rule of law, weak governance might mean that those payments are financing the armed conflicts so there are so many levels on which businesses can – there are so many touch points between the business and the conflict. Jonathan: Absolutely, and again if I may – let’s not get hung up too much on the formalistic legal accountability – I would suggest that a prudent corporate response is also to be risk averse, even where the red lines potentially are, even if they were clear, and they’re not, in terms of legal interpretation of what is direct participation in hostilities for example, we need to be erring on the side of caution as a company and to me, that’s just prudent business practice, looking out for one’s own self-interest. Eloise: Certainly, the reputational risks of being associated with the conflict. Jonathan: Reputational, legal risks and people risks as well. Eloise: Of course, for personnel. That brings me to an interesting point which I’d love to get your views on, which is the GRI is a reporting standard. It’s a voluntary initiative to my understanding. They don’t create binding legal obligations but I think a number of commentators have observed, particularly around this GRI standard for mining, that this provides a very useful blueprint for companies to put in place the due diligence and reporting frameworks that will enable them to comply with increasingly onerous regulatory requirements around due diligence and reporting on human rights impacts. I’d be interested to know from you why you think reporting and transparency particularly around conflict and private security and public security is important and how does it actually help drive responsible business. Jonathan: It’s such a good question and we won’t tell the listeners about our earlier conversation about CSDDD, but I think it’s actually a wonderful moment to talk about the value of private governance instruments which is how I describe the Global Reporting Initiative sustainability standards versus public governance, like laws, legislation and treaties. The CSDDD (the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive) that so many folks in the business and human rights community, the ESG communities were looking forward to, maybe some with trepidation, some with excitement, but that does not seem to have made it to the finish line. Current negotiations or deliberations in Europe seem to be at an impasse, shall we say, a topic for a different podcast episode. So there are limitations also for the law and I think we often, as lawyers, sometimes we forget that there are non-legal ways of regulating and improving conduct as well and I think voluntary standards have a long pedigree in improving corporate business practice. The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights themselves, are not binding, they’re not a treaty. Again, we’re negotiating a treaty on business on human rights but that’s years away, if ever, to be realised. So there is utility in this voluntary framework. It also taps into, again, those changing societal expectations, changing corporate expectations – internally of what they want to be as a responsible, sustainable business. For all those reasons, these companies that want to do good and be sustainable and responsible – they need indicators, they need guidelines and that’s where the global reporting initiative comes in. I think it’s close to 80% of the world’s largest businesses use the GRI as their sustainability reporting framework. Some may say ‘well it’s just reporting, everyone puts out a sustainability report, it’s glossy, lots of sexy photos and wonderful mumbo jumbo and acronyms and logos and what’s the point? If you don’t measure something, you don’t know what it is, you can’t act. So part of producing that sustainability report is asking these types of questions, asking the human rights questions, asking responsible security or humanitarian law questions. So the process that goes into reporting on sustainability is just as important as the eventual 50-page sustainability report. People don’t see the amount of corporate resources, time, effort, people that are devoted to developing that sustainability report and so I would like to think that the reporting also leads to other real world outcomes in terms of internal processes. Then the reporting itself is a lever for change, right? Greater transparency leads to greater accountability. There’s lots of different stakeholders that read those sustainability reports and go back to the companies and ask questions about gaps and things that they could and should do better. Another element of why reporting is important, is also the investment community and now increasingly looking at ESG or sustainability standards for where they put their trillions of dollars in investments in. So it behoves the company again, to be reporting diligently, to be managing their sustainability risks prudently and effectively as well. Eloise: I think that’s right Jonathan. I think you’ve touched on the key point – better information leads to better decision-making and I think we were speaking about before hit record, this process – what comes at the end of it is a report. It looks like a monologue but what precedes it is a dialogue and the reporting standards provide a really important imperative for companies to actually engage with stakeholders in a meaningful way and in an ongoing way, you should hope, because it’s not the end of the line, this annual report has to go through a process and it goes through a process of review and as you say, it gives stakeholders, civil society investors, governments a chance to interrogate what companies are doing, what their impacts are. Jonathan: Absolutely and not necessarily just for the outcome of punishing or pointing the finger, but also to improve. Eloise: To promote best practice. Eloise: It raises the bar. If you see some companies doing a better job, you look at those other companies that are not meeting the standard and say ‘what do you need to do, what do you need to put in place in order to meet that high water-mark’. Eloise: I think that’s a positive uplifting note to end on Jonathan! Thank you so much for your time today. For all of our listeners, please click follow wherever you’re listening to this podcast, so you can be notified of new episodes. Jonathan: Thanks for having me Eloise. Eloise: Thanks Jonathan.

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Your dentist has probably advised you to use a dental filling or crown to cover your dental cavities or decay. But you may have yet to hear about or come across other options, such as dental inlays and onlays. Fillings are generally used to treat minor cavities, whereas crowns are an option when a significant fracture needs covering up. However, there might be cases where crowns are too large to cover up tooth decay, and fillings are too small to do the same. In that case, inlays and onlays are what most dental professionals will recommend if they need something to correct the problem. They are more sizable than dental fillings but not intrusive like dental crowns. At The Lakewood Dentist, we will thoroughly analyze your dental situation to determine whether onlays and inlays are ideal for you. If they are, we will use state-of-the-art equipment in our treatment to ensure we achieve the best possible outcome. And if they are not, we will recommend an alternative option that will satisfy your dental needs. Do not hesitate to contact us for a consultation if you need dental treatment in Lakewood, CA. What Are Inlays and Onlays? Onlays and inlays are prevalent, custom-made, indirect dental restorations utilized to correct a decayed or damaged tooth’s structure, restore its initial condition, and strengthen its functionality. Generally, these dental restorations are used to fill in the space of a tooth damaged due to decay, wear, or injury. They enable dental professionals to fix extensive tooth damage without opting for full-coverage dental crowns. The main difference between inlays and onlays is where the restorations are placed. Inlays are placed inside a hole or cavity on a tooth where the fissures and pits once were, while onlays replace the cusps or tips of a tooth. Another difference is that onlays are generally larger than inlays. Some of the biggest onlays resemble short crowns, covering all four tooth cusps but not the tooth’s sides. Consequently, onlays are also referred to as partial crowns. Onlays and inlays are way better than dental crowns, as they do not involve extracting the healthy tooth structure. Consequently, they are deemed to be less invasive dental work. They are additionally an ideal option for many patients. Dental crowns are not bad dental procedures. However, they involve extracting a more than necessary healthy tooth structure, increasing the risk of a tooth structure that might later need more intricate dental procedures, like the root canal procedure. Onlays and inlays can treat any tooth with a chewing or biting surface, for example, premolars and molars. They assist in keeping a damaged or decayed tooth intact for a longer period, enable a person to enjoy 100% use of the tooth when speaking and eating, and usually generate an appealing cosmetic result. Whether or not you need inlays or onlays is based on the severity and location of the damaged tooth. Inlays correct extensive internal damage, whereas onlays correct surface deterioration. Uses of Onlays and Inlays Dentists use onlays or inlays to correct tooth damage, decay, or erosion that is too advanced for standard fillings but not too advanced for dental crowns. Inlays are often used to treat larger cavities found in the space between the tooth cusps. Onlays could also correct decay, although they have other prevalent uses. They are usually used to repair teeth whose cusps are damaged by excessive acid or wear erosion. These restorations are essential in restoring a tooth’s shape and averting further damage. Onlay and Inlay Materials Ceramic, composite, and gold are the common materials for making inlays and onlays. Most manufacturers and dentists use gold to make onlays and inlays because of its durability, strength, malleability, and stain resistance. Also, because gold has properties similar to teeth, it protects tooth cusps weakened by trauma and cavities. Teeth with recurrent fractures are ideal for gold inlays because the material offers proper protection against breakage in the future. Aesthetics are the primary disadvantage of gold-made inlays and onlays. These restorations do not blend in with the natural tooth color, making them conspicuous. Consequently, these are ideal for rear teeth where appearance is nonessential, as they will not be easily seen in most cases. Another disadvantage of these restorations is that gold is more expensive than other materials, making gold-made inlays and onlays also expensive. Previously, gold was the material of choice for onlays and inlays due to its strength. However, with the emergence of tooth-colored dental restorations, gold-made restorations are less desired. Ceramic and porcelain Ceramic and porcelain materials create tooth-colored onlays and inlays that mimic the original teeth’s function, shape, and color. These materials generate an outstanding aesthetic outcome. However, compared to other options, they necessitate a little more upkeep. Ceramic and porcelain materials are durable and strong, particularly when combined with metal, and the resulting restorations blend in perfectly with the natural tooth color. Also, with ceramic and porcelain materials, the inlays and onlays can be manufactured to mimic the tooth’s translucency, providing a more convincing cosmetic outcome. The disadvantages of ceramic or porcelain inlays and onlays are that they chip easily, are rigid, increase the risk of fracture (although they are less susceptible to fracture than filling), are vulnerable to staining, and are more fragile than gold onlays and inlays. Composite resin-made onlays and inlays are the best for filling large cavities. They are an alternative to ceramic and gold restorations and achieve similar functions. Composite resin Inlays and onlays are tooth-colored, thus blending in perfectly with natural teeth. The restorations are also stronger, more durable, affordable, and less vulnerable to fracture than dental fillings. However, these restorations also have disadvantages, including being rigid, susceptible to staining, and weaker than porcelain or gold restorations. Onlays and Inlays vs. Dental Crowns While onlays and inlays cover part of the tooth, dental crowns cover the whole tooth, including all sides and the entire biting or chewing surface. Dental crowns give full tooth coverage; dentists can use them to alter a tooth’s shape if necessary. However, dental crowns mandate that dental professionals extract a substantial amount of tooth structure before placing them. On the other hand, treatment with onlays and inlays is more conservative. It provides advantages similar to dental crowns and, at the same time, enables the patient to preserve more of their tooth. Inlays and Onlays vs. Dental Fillings Theoretically, dental fillings and inlays or onlays are terms used interchangeably. However, inlays are meant for more significant cavities. Both fillings and inlays (or onlays) entail extracting an existing tooth cavity with a drill and then covering the space. However, the difference lies in the technique utilized to fill the space. With a dental filling, the dentist will use amalgam or composite material to cover the space, and it is a faster process that could be conducted in a single dental visit. With a dental inlay, the dentist will cover the space with one piece, generally made in a laboratory, although it could be made in a dental office. The inlay should be made precisely to fill the size and shape of the space; failure to do so will cause food and bacteria to enter the remaining space, resulting in further decay. One primary advantage of onlays and inlays is that they contract less than fillings, so chances are slim that the restorations will fail due to contraction. Another advantage is that inlays are more long-lasting than fillings, making them more reliable in the long term. Candidacy for Onlays and Inlays You are the ideal candidate for an onlay or inlay treatment if: You have Severe Tooth Decay Dental fillings do not always work best to correct dental cavities. If the tooth cavity has grown bigger and led to more tooth damage than a dental filling can correct, your dentist may suggest an onlay treatment. Onlays can repair large dental cavities, as the dental professional can mold the material to any shape and size. The onlay restoration is pre-fabricated in a dental lab to fit in the tooth’s grooves, covering the cusps. The dental professional will cement the onlay to the tooth, making it strong and preventing bacteria from further impacting it. In simple terms, candidates for onlays and inlays must have too much damage that a dental filling cannot correct, but not too much for a dental crown to be necessary. You Want to Preserve Your Whole Tooth It is difficult enough when you chip, crack, or break your tooth. Losing a section of your tooth can be painful and negatively impact your smile. Dental crowns can restore the full form and function of your tooth. Nevertheless, to install a dental crown, the dental professional must reshape your tooth first and shave a section of it. For an onlay, you need not lose any section of your tooth structure. Since the onlay does not cover the whole tooth but is cemented to a part of it, invasive dental work is unnecessary. You Wish to Make Aesthetic Changes Dental onlays and inlays have several uses, some of which might be cosmetic. If you dislike the color of your teeth, a dental onlay may be ideal for concealing discoloration. Your dental professional can use ceramic, composite, or porcelain onlays to match the color of your teeth. Dentists can also use onlays to repair small chips and cracks. To qualify for an onlay or inlay, you must have enough remaining tooth structure to hold the restoration. You want to save as much original tooth structure as possible for long-lasting oral and dental health. Thus, where applicable, inlays and onlays are more conservative than dental crowns. If you are considering these restorations, you must be devoted to practicing a proper dental hygiene routine. You are not an ideal candidate for onlays and inlays if you have large cavities. In this case, your dentist might recommend a crown. Dental crowns fit over the whole tooth, thus strengthening and safeguarding it from more damage. Preparing for Onlay or Inlay Treatment Some of the steps towards preparing for an onlay or inlay treatment include the following: - Physical exam—most dental procedures start with a physical exam so the dentist can assess the degree of tooth damage. Expect your dental professional to inspect your teeth and gums during your physical exam. - Medical history review—reviewing a patient’s medical history before treatment is essential since it provides the dentist with the information required to develop a treatment plan. Medical history includes details about past dental problems you might have had and the medicine you are presently taking for other health conditions. You must also inform your dental professional about any underlying health conditions you have, like acid reflux and diabetes, to guide them on the correct treatment course. Additionally, tell your dentist if you are allergic to anesthetic agents, metals, or medication to avoid possible safety risks. - X-ray exams—apart from conducting a physical exam, your dental professional may also have to examine your internal dental and jawbone structure to establish whether the damage has progressed beyond the tooth enamel and into the jaw. This helps them take the necessary remedial action. X-rays are usually quick to conduct, particularly if your dentist has the tools to generate the images. Before the X-ray, disclose relevant information to your dentist to avoid negative reactions. For example, inform your dentist if you are sensitive to radiation, and they will provide you with protective gear to minimize your exposure. Inlays and Onlays Placement Procedure The onlay or inlay treatment procedure is completed in two dental visits, and the followingarethe steps involved: Preparing the Tooth Usually, onlays and inlays treat damaged, fractured, or decayed teeth. During the first visit, the dentist removes the damaged, fractured, or decayed section of the tooth using a dental drill. And if you have an existing dental filling in the tooth, the dentist will also remove it. This step is similar to what the dentist would do in treatment with regular fillings. Once the dentist has removed the unwanted material, they will shape the hole left behind with specific parameters as a guide, enabling easier installation of the onlay or inlay. Creating a Tooth Impression The dentist will then cement the base to support the mold, take an impression of the affected tooth, and send it to the dental lab. They would also allow you to choose the onlay or inlay shade if you picked ceramic as your preferred restoration. Placing Temporary Onlay or Inlay Thirdly, the dentist will install a temporary onlay or inlay to cover the prepared hole while you wait for the lab to make the dental restorations. This prevents further cavity development and safeguards the tooth from thermal stimulation (sensitivity due to hot or cold liquids). The laboratory will create the restoration from the provided mold and then send it to the dentist. The dentist will allow you to return home in the meantime. Onlays or Inlay Placement Once the lab has made the onlay or inlay restoration, you will schedule one more dental visit to have the dentist place it. This is generally conducted a couple of weeks later. During this visit, your dental professional might or might not administer a local anesthetic to increase comfort and minimize the pain. They will then remove the temporary onlay or inlay restoration from the hole and cement the permanent restoration into the tooth. Dental professionals can often extract the temporary onlay or inlay and cement the permanent one without causing substantial discomfort. Dentists can now make composite and porcelain onlays and inlays in the office using milling machines such as CEREC and CAD or CAM technology. In that case, you would go through the first and second steps, skip the third step, and go to the fourth step, all in a single appointment. How Long Will Onlays and Inlays Last? Dental onlays and inlays often last several years with appropriate care. Onlays and inlays might not last long in individuals who develop dental cavities easily, grind their teeth, and have particular medical conditions. Aftercare and Recovery The recovery period for onlays and inlays takes only a few days. Expect some slight discomfort, particularly after treatment with an onlay. This sensation might last up to a couple of weeks based on how extensive and deep the inlay or onlay is. Note that even after treatment, your teeth are still vulnerable to oral bacteria and plaque buildup over a certain period. Practicing proper oral and dental hygiene is critical to maintaining the cleanliness and strength of the onlay and inlay restorations. To minimize the chances of oral disease, your dentist will provide you with aftercare instructions. Most dentists recommend: - Good oral hygiene—dental inlays might extend into the interdental regions of the mouth (that is, between teeth), which are difficult-to-clean areas and necessitate routine interdental cleanings. Your dentist will recommend basic dental care like brushing twice daily, rinsing with mouthwash to eliminate bacteria, and flossing regularly. - Diet—When you are immediately done with treatment, your dentist may recommend avoiding eating until the anesthetic wears off. Also, avoid hard foods like carrots, apples, and peanuts for about twenty-four hours. The dentist will need you to minimize sugar intake and avoid highly acidic foods once you complete onlay or inlay treatment. Highly acidic foods include dairy, processed food, dark fruits, coffee, and candy. You should also avoid sticky foods that can pull out or dislodge your restoration. - Check-ups—your dentist should check your onlays or inlays routinely. During your appointments, the dentist will check the treated tooth for disease, damage, and leakage symptoms. If they find any issues, they can recommend preventative care to extend the life of your onlay or inlay. - Stopping bad habits—your dentist will recommend quitting practices that can make your restoration break or crack. These often include routines involving biting down on or chewing hard items. Smoking is another practice that can destroy your gums, particularly around your new onlay or inlay, over time. The Cost of Onlays and Inlays Inlays and onlay restorations are more expensive than basic restorations such as fillings. The cost of these restorations is usually based on the material utilized to make them. Inlay and onlay restorations made from materials of higher quality, such as gold, zirconia, or porcelain, cost more than those manufactured with materials such as composite resin. The cost can also depend on size; onlays may cost more than inlays because of their larger size. The dental office’s location, dentist’s experience, and reputation also affect the cost of these restorations. Because Onlays and Inlays treat dental cavities and dental conditions caused by trauma, insurance will pay for a percentage of the cost. Onlays and inlays are major dental treatment procedures, meaning insurance can cover up to fifty percent of the overall cost. In that case, you will just pay a little from your pocket. Without insurance, expect to pay between $650 and $1,200 per tooth for an inlay or onlay treatment. Advantages of Onlays and Inlays Onlays and inlays offer aesthetic and functional benefits to the patient. They can enhance the appearance of damaged teeth and restore their strength. Benefits of onlays and inlays include, without limitation: - Enhance appearance—Onlays and inlays are customized to mimic the original tooth. Thus, they repair the decayed or damaged tooth and improve appearance. - Durable—Onlays and inlays are made from durable materials like composite resin and porcelain. If you take good care of them, they could last more than ten years. - They preserve teeth—dentists directly bond onlays and inlays to teeth; thus, only a little of the natural section of the tooth is removed. Find an Experienced General Dentist Near Me Inlays and onlays restore the function and appearance of your teeth so that you can have a confident smile. Whether you wish to treat decayed or damaged teeth, onlays and inlays may be ideal. When considering inlays and onlays, you want to work with an experienced dental professional and choose a product ideal for oral health needs. At The Lakewood Dentist, we boast professional dental professionals available 24/7 to answer all your questions and guide you toward achieving a great result from your inlay and onlay treatment. For high-quality dental procedures and to learn more about what option will suit your needs, we welcome you to schedule an appointment today by calling 562-423-1441.

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Ever thought why American people love purchasing clothes from Gap or Macy’s? There are many other fashion brands out there in the USA, however, Gap and Macy’s stand out as the top choices when it comes to buying clothes and fashion garments. It is not because they are big brands but because of their big eCommerce Marketing. The fashion industry is an evergreen industry where customers are always waiting for new arrivals and never feel tired trying something different. But to succeed in the industry, businesses need constant improvement in marketing and customer service. In 2020, fashion eCommerce accounted for nearly 29.5% of the total fashion retail sales, and retail eCommerce revenue from the sale of fashion apparel, footwear, and accessories amounted to an estimated 110.6 billion USD. There are already 7.9 million online retailers in the world and 2.1 million of them are in the USA alone. If you have an eCommerce store, you didn’t make any difference. To win in the fashion industry, you have to be serious as well as smart with marketing. These days shouting to get your message across all platforms won’t bring people to hear you. You have to speak effectively and uniquely that makes your customer feel to browse online. Without a human personality, your shop just looks like a normal shop to a potential customer, and you are shouting at them as they are passing you by. If your store is also hungry for more customers, it’s time to do something unique in eCommerce marketing that empowers your online store. Today in this blog post, eSearch Logix will tell you effective eCommerce marketing tips that will make your online fashion store stand out from the crowd and help you sell more than your competitors. It sounds alluring to make your online fashion store stand out from other stores but to make a difference in the crowd, you have to first be aware of: What is the current status of the fashion industry? 1. Competition in the fashion industry had increased Fashion business is growing across all sectors- from local to global companies and from retailers to wholesalers. As the number of eCommerce fashion stores is growing, customers now have more options to choose from. This growth has made the fashion industry more competitive. So, to make a difference in the industry, innovation is highly needed to thrive in the fast-changing industry. 2. People are shifting to online and mobile platforms When it comes to eCommerce business in 2021, the fashion industry appears as a large B2C market segment. Covid-19 pandemic forced the entire world to stay home and do everything from home. This change in behavior made people avoid shopping in-store and moving to eCommerce platforms. Browsing through catalogs, choosing items, and checking out online has become a new routine. Fashion brands are now discovering ways to create an omnichannel shopping journey to gain customers on both online and offline platforms. 3. Customers are considering sustainability and ethical sourcing in their purchase decisions. Fashion industry is one of the largest industries in the world, but it faces a lot of criticism about sustainability and other ethical values. A report by UNECE indicates that 10 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions come from the fashion industry. People are now aware of the carbon emission caused by clothing production and the poor working conditions in sweatshops. For these reasons, consumers are beginning to shop more responsibly and become choosy in selecting their favorite fashion brands. eCommerce Marketing Tips to Make Your Online Fashion Store Stand Out 1. Define Your Target Audience If you are selling to everyone, it means you are selling to no one. As fashion is a big market, you have to clearly define who is your target audience and market location for your clothing company. You need to know whom you are selling to so you could identify specific things to do it well. Just because you are selling skirts, it doesn’t mean every woman is your customer. They all have different tastes and choices in fashion so you should narrow down your target audience to flow your digital marketing investment in the right direction. To make it happen, here are the primary questions to figure out your target audience: - What are they interested in? - What is their age, gender, location? - What is their profession? - What fashion brands do they like? - Where do they hang out online? It is important to understand the goal of your brand. Is it meant to sell clothes for all age groups or just a certain part of people? It applies to different customer groups based on the above factors such as their age, genders, hobbies, etc. Once you know your target audience, you can create content with a clear message that will capture the audience’s attention. Additionally, keep in mind that your target audience may change a little as your online fashion store grows. You may identify that some audiences buy better than others and then put attention towards marketing to them. 2. Reach Shoppers with Targeted Ads The next move is to find the best ways to reach your target audience. And online advertising is undoubtedly one of the most efficient ways to scale your store. Because you can start selling instantly A long-term organic content strategy can help you leave many of your competitors behind. You can run an online ad campaign with quality content to create a unique impact on the audience. You can also incorporate top PPC trends in your online ad campaign to generate high ROI and start selling instantly. So where should you run ads? According to Sixads data collected from more than 60,000 Shopify stores to see where visitors and money come from, there are top 5 best sales channels such as Direct, Facebook, Organic, Google Ads, and Instagram Ads for apparel & accessories. Paid advertising accounts for a significant chunk of sales. With ads, your online fashion store can get a large number of views and increase your brand awareness. You can run direct sales ads or promote your blog to heat up your target market. Once people will see your ads with good content, they will eventually start purchasing from your store. Though they may not buy immediately but may bookmark your store and return to it later ready to make a purchase. It could be direct sales for your store as well. To increase the brand awareness of your eCommerce fashion store, you should set up high-performing ads, since fashion industry is extremely competitive. Not only you have to create great as well as attention-grabbing copy but also you will have to work out the intuitive details of targeting the right people at the right time. No matter how good your ad looks, if you are targeting the wrong market, your whole investment is going in vain. Is there any best solution to make the ad fully successful on the Internet? Yes, just hand over your ad campaign project to a professional online marketing agency like eSearch Logix who can handle independently everything and make your ad campaign for your online fashion brand across all the channels. 3. Take Beautiful Pictures of Clothes People see before they read. Your fashion store will have a great impression on visitors when there are great images. And for fashion brands- it is all about looks. If you are running an online fashion store, shoppers can’t touch or try on your clothes as they could do at an offline store or in a mall. To compensate for this lack of product experience, you have to utilize high-quality photos and showcase your items from all possible angles. To make it happen: - Have a few different models If you have the budget, organize a professional photoshoot to get photos for your store. Models can present your clothes from any angle which you need and bring your clothing to life. - Get a mannequin If you don’t have the budget to hire a model, a mannequin can be the best idea to make your clothes look good and give a better view to customers. 4. Promote Your Clothes on Social Media eCommerce marketing is incomplete without social media marketing. Just think of Instagram, and how eye-catching photos attract people’s attention and inspire them to make a purchase through a link. So don’t forget to use the power of social media to promote your online fashion store. Below we have given some important things which can help you do so. - Allow shopping on social media The whole purpose of making your online store stand out from the crowd is to sell more than your competitors, right? You should be aware of selling clothes on social media is much easier when you turn your social media account into a shop. To enable this, integrate your eCommerce fashion store with social media accounts like Instagram, Facebook, and Pinterest, and let visitors browse clickable catalogs of your latest collections with a simple formula- See, Tap, and Shop. 5. Use Social Proof Customer trust on customer more than businesses. There are many eCommerce stores selling the same products, but customers usually prefer some specific stores due to their special features and brand recognition. If you aspire to develop an online fashion store that stands out from common stores, you should focus on using social proof to bring trustability. How would you do this? Let’s find out- - Incorporate User-Generated Content User-generated content or UGC helps businesses to turn customers into brand advocates. You can present your clothing store to your audience with great brand reliability when you have authentic content. For example, Gap and Macy’s the two iconic fashion brands encourage their customers to upload photos with their products using a branded hashtag. This is how you can get social proof to entrust customers: - Have more testimonials Reviews have a great influence on people’s buying decisions. It is probably the most direct form of social proof that empowers businesses to give strong brand reliability to new customers. Send automated emails to your customers who made a purchase from your online store. You can encourage them to write a review by just asking politely or offer a small discount on their next purchase. You can also use the social proof tool which can help your store selling more products with the power of reviews, and feedbacks from customers. BuzzFyr is such an advanced social proof tool powered by eSearch Logix which helps store owners to improve their sales performance. - Influencer marketing still has the influence Think when something stands out uniquely from the common things? When it is able to capture the attention of people. Influencer marketing is the same thing that still has the power to influence the maximum number of people. You are selling clothes which are made up of diamonds or from the raw materials which are found on Mars. People usually make their purchasing decision through a reliable source of information or product education. If you are able to educate your audience about your product nicely, chances are your online store will have no difficulty selling any clothing products. That is why we recommend you use Influencer marketing. The best way would be to opt for multiple micro-influencers instead of hiring one big influencer who may cost a lot on your eCommerce marketing budget. A micro-influencer is one that has around 10,000 to 100,000 followers. These micro-influencers can help you promote your online fashion store effectively across all social media channels. 6. Use affiliate marketing to uplift your online fashion store Affiliate marketing is among the best ways for clothing brands to attract new customers and increase their brand awareness, especially when there is a lack of time to create blog content on your website. Affiliate marketing is about promoting someone else’s brand or products on your website. So, if you want to promote your online fashion store, create an affiliate program and find relevant promoters in your niche. As a seller, you will get targeted traffic with a high conversion rate and your affiliate partners will receive a commission from each sale you make. It’s a win-win partnership. To start selling clothes with affiliate partners, you can implement the following strategies like: - Outreach your niche bloggers who have high domain authority - Search for influencers who have a considerable number of followers - Run Pay-Par-Click (PPC) ads - Join affiliate networks 7. Display Social Responsibility If you have the vision to make your online store stand out from the crowd, you have to do something that stands from others. People give values who value to others. The same principle applies here as well. Clothes are an essential commodity and people can never live without them. This industry needs a timely marketing approach that resonates with people to have consistent sales growth. Displaying social responsibility is a great concept where a company showcases a sense of responsibility towards the community and the environment in which it works. Modern audiences ate more socially aware and mostly willing to deal with ethical companies which embrace social responsibility, even if the products are more expensive. As a result, the brand gets special recognition in the eyes of a common audience which is in high number. You can learn from Toms.com who has a unique value proposition- it’s one for one founding idea links altruism to commerce. For every pair of new shoes it sells, the company donates a pair of new shoes to a child who needs them. (Image Source: Toms.com) 8. Give Your Online Store a Human Face Nothing emphasizes a website more than attracting the face of a real human being to it. Giving your online store a human face creates a personal human connection to your customers. People don’t like brands that are not very much transparent in their marketing or brand visibility. Therefore, when there is a real human face on your eCommerce website or online store, it gives a great impression. However, make sure the face must be real- either the face of a marketing team or the CEO. Do not use airbrushed models and stock photos to market products because people can easily find out whether they are real or relevant people in the image and consequently they can doubt the website’s authenticity and sincerity. To implement it, include the recent photos of your team who works behind the website. 9. Appreciate Your Helpers Your customer will appreciate your brand authority when they see you care for people who care for you. There would be many contributors, customers, and people who might be working for your brand promotion, product marketing, or other business-related activity that helps your brand reach more people. So say thanks to these people and give them a special place on your website to appreciate their effort. According to some expert psychologists, gratitude is a powerful emotion that strongly affects people. Appreciating those who helped or helping you build your website or brand distinguishes it from other eCommerce sites which usually don’t focus on emotion. By incorporating this step your store can immensely get the touch of humanity and give great values in the eyes of visitors. 10. Focus More on Your About Us Page The ‘About Us’ page is a common part of websites all over the Internet. Many eCommerce website development companies in India consider this page as a normal thing, which is why visitors don’t feel much interesting browsing this particular page. But this is where most eCommerce or even other websites make mistakes. About Us, the page is extremely important to define what you are. How can you think of being different if you can’t tell how, you are different? The phrase is only seven letters long, but there is a strong and deep meaning to provide valuable message and information about your company or brand. Most About Us pages are dry, boring, and filled with normal corporate or business tone. By paying a little more attention to this commonly neglected page, you can easily set your online fashion store apart from the rest. See the example of a famous clothing brand- Black Milk (Image Source: BlackMilk) Although they are About Us Page looks wordy, this is certainly not a page written by content writers or lawyers. Black Milk Clothing uses its “About Us” page to humanize its founder and give the site added personality by ‘keeping it real. Customers are not idiot. They have the intelligence to understand how much you value yourself before you value others. If you can’t tell meaningful about yourself what you are, what your brand is, why your brand is different from others, your online marketing campaign will look like a paid advertisement and nothing else. So define your About Us page more sincerely and deeply with a great meaningful message. 11. Boost Credibility with Press Coverage It sounds great when you clearly define what you are on the About Us page. But after all, it is your website. You can say what you want about brand. In the end, potential customers view information that comes from third parties as being more reliable. To increase the credibility of your online fashion store, it is important to build relationships and provide links to news and review sites that have covered your company or its products. Focus on creating effective PR content that brings trust to people. You can add a separate page of a press release or coverage on your store that showcases how much you are popular in media voices. 12. Let Customers Look Behind the Scenes Usually, a behind-the-scenes part shows the process behind making a TV show or movie. But it is relevant to eCommerce as well. Allowing customers to see behind the scenes is a powerful method to catch their attention and hook them emotionally. People appreciate when a company shows a transparent and honest attitude towards its customers. When you show the behind the scenes of your online fashion store how does it work, how your teamwork to make a product reach the customer doorstep from its packing, how does your store make thing possible using technologies, will display how much you are transparent in your business principles. As a result, people feel more confident to share their personal information by signing up for your subscription for newsletters and sharing information to buy products. Conclusion: Collaborate with a Professional Marketing Agency Establishing an online fashion store that stands out from the crowd requires a lot of effort and an intelligent marketing approach. You have to make sure you are authentic in what you do and say, along with the features and technologies you incorporate. To stand out from other clothing brands or stores, you have to do what your competitors are not doing. And above tips will guide you to do so successfully. Now we would like to hear from you. Did you find this post helpful? Or do you have an online fashion store that needs to be boost up with a powerful eCommerce marketing strategy that makes your store unique in the eyes of the audience? eSearch Logix is a decade-old eCommerce marketing agency in India that is empowering global businesses to perform better with high brand recognition. Collaborate with us if you also aspire to give new energy to your online store. Just Book a Free Consultation and Talk to Our Experts Now.

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AFC Home Club: Home Warranty Plans Without The HeadacheTime 2020-11-18 16:04:37 Description:Appliances and systems in your home eventually breakdown. AFC helps protect your budget from unexpected repair bills that come with those breakdowns. AFC Home Club provides comprehensive home warranty plans specifically designed for home buyers and sellers. CHOICE OF TECHNICIAN Members can choose who comes to their house for repairs—AFC will work with any licensed, insured technician. Don’t have anyone in mind? We’ll send someone from our nationwide network of skilled contractors. CLUB BENEFITS AFC protects more than just your home. Our plans include free credit monitoring and family emergency services as well as discounts on home security, household items, kitchen appliances, restaurants, entertainment, and more! LONGEST WORK GUARANTEE While most companies offer a 30-day or 60-day guarantee on repairs, ours last for the life of the plan. That’s up to three years! CUSTOMER RECOMMENDED AFC is proud to be accredited with the Better Business Bureau™ (BBB™), Consumer’s Advocate™, and ConsumerAffairs. IN-HOUSE SERVICE TEAM To give our customers outstanding service, we do everything in-house. From our sales representatives to our claims department, you always have an open line of communication. CONVENIENCE AFC makes home repairs easy! We take service requests online or by phone call 24 hours a day. Once you’ve made a request, we update you every step of the way via email, phone call, and/or text message to ensure a transparent and hassle-free repair process. Members can choose who comes to their house for repairs—AFC will work with any licensed, insured technician. Don’t have anyone in mind? We’ll send someone from our nationwide network of skilled contractors. AFC protects more than just your home. Our plans include free credit monitoring and family emergency services as well as discounts on home security, household items, kitchen appliances, restaurants, entertainment, and more! While most companies offer a 30-day or 60-day guarantee on repairs, ours last for the life of the plan. That’s up to three years! AFC is proud to be accredited with the Better Business Bureau™ (BBB™), Consumer’s Advocate™, and ConsumerAffairs. To give our customers outstanding service, we do everything in-house. From our sales representatives to our claims department, you always have an open line of communication. AFC makes home repairs easy! We take service requests online or by phone call 24 hours a day. Once you’ve made a request, we update you every step of the way via email, phone call, and/or text message to ensure a transparent and hassle-free repair process. Homeowner’s insurance generally covers large structural issues and physical damage due to weather, fire, or theft. AFC’s coverage is designed to pick up where homeowner’s insurance leaves off, covering the daily operation of the systems and appliances in your home. A service request follows these basic steps:When you need repairs on home systems or appliances, call AFC at 855-613-4555 or place a claim online.We’ll dispatch a technician promptly to your home—you can also choose your own if you like. You will pay the technician the service fee.The technician will diagnose the problem and contact us.The technician’s diagnosis will determine whether the issue is covered by AFC. Once approved, the technician will repair or replace the covered item with a similar or like system/appliance based on equipment of similar features, capacity, efficiency and value. We will contact you after repairs are completed to make sure that they have been done to your satisfaction. Home protection coverage insulates your budget from sudden repair costs. Instead of paying full retail price for repairs, you pay the premium for coverage and the service fee. With one of AFC’s plans, you’re covered for major and minor repairs on a long list of parts and components. We do not require a home inspection to qualify for an AFC Home Club membership. Any issue that occurs after your 30-day waiting period is eligible for coverage.Note: Plans purchased upon sale of a home may be eligible for coverage to begin immediately—see Real Estate FAQs for more information. AFC offers free enrollment several great memberships that help protect more than just your home. Visit our Club Benefits page to find out more! No. And no other company truly is either.A warranty can only be supplied by the manufacturer of that item. Since AFC did not manufacture your home or any of its items, what we provide is not technically a home warranty. What AFC and other home warranty companies provide are service contracts, and home warranty coverage is an agreement to repair items in your home that malfunction mechanically. In this respect, AFC is no different than any of the other service providers in the United States.What makes AFC better than just a home warranty company is that we offer additional benefits to our members, benefits that make their lives safer and more convenient. Because of this, we consider ourselves to be the first home club that meets our member’s home warranty needs. It’s easy! You can make requests online or over the phone—simply dial 1-855-613-4555 or click here. Yes you can. Our in-house service line is operated 24/7, so you can call 855-613-4555 at any time . Claims can also be made online.Keep in mind that most technicians are not available after regular hours, and our service staff may be unable to make contact with technicians until the beginning of the next business day. We are not an emergency service, but you can contact an after-hours technician for late nights, holidays, or weekends—we accept repairs from any licensed, insured technician. How long does it take for a contractor to arrive after I request service? Factors such as demand and workload can affect how soon technicians are able to make repairs, but it’s our responsibility to have the appointment scheduled within 24-48 hours during normal working times. If the technician’s diagnosis determines that the item cannot be repaired (often because parts are no longer available), the technician will repair or replace the covered item with a similar or like system/appliance based on equipment of similar features, capacity, efficiency and value.If the cost of repair is higher than the item s value, we ll give you the item s fair market value towards a new item. Yes. Please call 855-613-4555 or request service online. Of course! While we have a great nationwide network of technicians, you also have the option to choose your own as long as they are licensed, bonded and insured. You can learn more about it here. A work guarantee refers to a length of time after a repair during which the homeowner will not have to pay if the same issue occurs again. Most home warranty companies will guarantee a repair for 30, sometimes 60 days, but AFC Home Club offers the longest work guarantee in the industry: we’ll guarantee the cost of parts and labor on repairs for the life of the plan.Check out our blog post on work guarantees to learn more. You can request service as often as you need it. There is no limit on the number of times you can request service, and the number of service requests does not affect your rate. Ever. Different plans cover different items— basic information can be found on our Plans page.For more specific details on coverage, visit our What s Covered page. Of course! Our What s Covered page features sample contracts in PDF format PLUS detailed explanations of how our plans work. Do I need an inspection or maintenance records before I can buy coverage? You do not need a home inspection or maintenance records to purchase coverage, but AFC requires that HVAC systems receive annual maintenance in order to be eligible for coverage.This means that homeowners need to have a technician perform preventative maintenance, also called a tune-up, on the unit, and be ready to present the documentation to our service staff when requesting service for a failed HVAC system. Yes! We offer a number of add-on coverages like pool spa, septic pump, tankless water heater, and more. Visit our Plans Pricing page for more information. You can request service as often as you need it. There is no limit on the number of times you can request service, and the number of service requests does not affect your rate. Ever. AFC provides coverage in every state except for Hawaii, California, South Carolina, and Nevada. Coverage begins 30 days after enrollment and receipt of applicable membership fees. One-year plans continue for 365 days from your signup date and three-year plans continue for three times as long.Note: Plans purchased upon sale of a home may be eligible for coverage to begin immediately. See the Real Estate FAQ section for more information. Unfortunately, we cannot cover everything in your home; however, AFC Home Club has some of the most comprehensive coverage in the industry. We cover items that are in good working condition and are properly maintained at the time of enrollment.You can download our sample membership for a specific list of covered items, limitations, maintenance requirements, and any exclusions. Yes! AFC Home Club offers four different plans and plenty of optional coverages. Items such as a well pump, pool and spa equipment, septic systems, stand-alone freezers, ice-makers, plumbing stoppages, and tankless water heaters are available for an additional fee at the time of enrollment.You can customize a package to fit your needs any time. Simply call 1-866-242-0629 and let us create a personalized plan or do it yourself online. 30 days from the date of renewal, we’ll start getting in touch with you regarding renewal. For questions regarding renewal, call 1-866-242-0629. Yes, you can cancel at any time. With AFC Home Club, you are not locked into a contract.If you cancel within the waiting period, you will receive a refund. After coverage has become effective, you will receive a prorated refund based on the months not used in the plan and less any service or claims costs incurred by AFC Home Club. A $75 cancellation fee may be applied. You can start protecting your home with a plan at any time, but in order to take advantage of special real estate pricing and terms, you must set up the plan within 15 days of purchase of a home. For plans purchased as part of the sale of a home: with a valid home inspection report, we can begin coverage immediately upon closing of the home, waiving the standard 30-day waiting period and using your closing date as the beginning of the policy.Please note that any issues with covered items that appear on the home inspection will have to be resolved before the item will be covered (see the next question below). Do you cover pre-existing conditions? What if my home inspection report shows issues but we have them resolved? Typically, any issues found in the home inspection report should be addressed by the seller prior to closing. Known pre-existing conditions that show up on your home inspection report will not be covered by AFC or any home warranty company.When you have repairs done on your new home prior to closing, hold on to any proof-of-repair invoices—realtors usually keep copies of these documents. These invoices help AFC confirm that your home had no pre-existing issues when your membership started. What's the difference between a preventative maintenance report and a home inspection? A home inspector notes whether or not the unit functions at all, but doesn’t conduct any in-depth tests. Service Champions, a Northern California HVAC company, explains:Home buyers assume that the home inspector has tested their heating and air conditioning equipment. But the home inspector may simply turn on your furnace and air conditioner to make sure they work…. HVAC systems, like cars, can work even if there are major problems.By contrast, preventative maintenance is performed by a licensed HVAC contractor and is geared towards increasing the lifespan and performance of your unit. During maintenance, contractors not only inspect the unit but also clean filters and coils and make any adjustments necessary. Learn more about preventative maintenance and its benefits here. I'm a realtor. What should I know about your setting up coverage for my clients? We love working with real estate professionals!A few things to remember when helping your home buyers:Real estate agents can easily create an invoice here.When working with buyers, we can waive the standard waiting period, which usually extends over the first month of the plan, with a valid home inspection report. The report must be current, and we must have the document, whether supplied by the realtor or the buyer, before we can waive the waiting period and allow customers to make claims.Check out the other FAQs in this section for further information. Thanks! The price depends on the type of plan and service fee amount that you choose. Check plans and pricing online or call 1-855-972-7736 for a quick free quote. When you request service, you will have to pay your set service fee set for each issue. This payment goes to the technician, and the service fee amount is set by the plan when you sign up—AFC offers $75, $100, and $125 service fees.You are also responsible for any costs not covered by the plan. Details on limitations of coverage can be found here. Yes, multi-property discounts are available. Call 1-866-242-0629 to speak with a sales representative for discounted rates. As an AFC Home Club member, you will pay a set service fee (either $75, $100, or $125) each time you request service. This fee goes directly to the technician (plumber, HVAC technician, electrician, etc.).The amount of the service fee is set by the plan when you sign up. Plans with a higher service fee amount are generally less expensive than plans with a lower service fee. Giving homeowners different service fee options allows them to find coverage that meets their needs and budgets at the same time. For example, since homeowners with a newer home and appliances are less likely to need frequent service, they might want to save money on their plan premium by choosing a higher service fee. Homeowners with an older home may anticipate requesting service more often, and may save money by choosing a lower service fee. No. We’ll offer you the same rate and service fee that you had when you signed up, plus you will be eligible for discounted three-year rates available only to renewing customers.Lost your password? Please enter your username or email address. You will receive a link to create a new password via email. One feature of AFC’s superior customer service: you can use a licensed contractor of your choice for repairs. Unless you’re a first-time homebuyer who is new to the area, there’s a good chance you already know a top-tiered company you trust to work on your home.We try to make the process convenient—simply give us a phone call to let us know that you have an issue and you’re using your own person, then have the contractor call us with the diagnosis (step-by-step directions are here if you need them).We like working with trustworthy repair companies and giving our customers peace of mind. In fact, if you use your own contractor to get a second opinion on a repair, and your contractor is correct, we’ll reimburse you for the service call.While AFC is not an emergency service and does not handle emergency claims, you are welcome to find a licensed contractor that is available on nights or weekends if you need emergency service.The repair, claims process, and service call fee would be the same, you would simply receive a quicker response time for that repair by using a licensed contractor of your choice. AFC brings our club members more with their membership. With any of our service contracts, from a basic plan to platinum coverage, our customers can take advantage of free programs and discounted services and goods. Here are a few examples:Customers receive a free MoneyTips subscription, which monitors their credit, offers financial tips, and protects against identity theft. This service is particularly helpful for first-time homebuyers who might be new to balancing their expenses.ADT, the premier home security service provider, offers discounted rates to AFC members, providing peace of mind and safety, especially for those who just made purchase of a home in a new area.AFC has partnered with our parts-supplier, Encompass, to create a one stop shop for household goods. Need filters for your AC unit? Your water heater? Supplies for your electrical systems? Kitchen accessories? There are some things that neither homeowner’s insurance nor home warranty service contracts cover, and for those situations, Encompass has what you need with great service and prices.Visit our Club Benefits page for more perks. Our benefits make AFC more than a home warranty—we’re the warranty industry’s first home club! When contractors complete a repair, they guarantee the parts and labor on that repair for a given length of time, referred to as a work guarantee. Most American home warranty companies offer guarantees for the first month after the repair, but AFC guarantees the repair for the life of your plan. Depending on your plan length, that’s either one year or three.The work guarantee applies to even the most expensive home repairs, like water heaters and AC units, and it also applies when members choose their own contractor.We’re able to offer the longest work guarantee because we work with the best. When choosing a service provider for repairs, we look at reviews, the BBB™ (Better Business Bureau™), and feedback from our own customers. Our in-house service team is dedicated to providing you great service, with quick response times and convenient, courteous follow-up via text message, phone, and email. It doesn’t matter whether you have a basic plan or platinum coverage, you’ll be treated as a valued club member.Our dedicated account managers can also assist you with making monthly payments, checking account status, renewing accounts, or adding additional properties. While we are not an emergency service, we can provide you with directions for choosing your own contractor for emergency claims. AFC offers things other companies can’t, like in-house service, the ability to use a licensed contractor of your choice, 24/7 claim acceptance, and a range of payment options for each plan.AFC also provides dedicated account managers that service your account throughout your membership. This makes it easier to speak directly with someone who knows the history of your home and repairs. <<< Thank you for your visit >>>LIFE HAPPENS. BE PREPARED. Appliances and systems within your home will breakdown eventually. Get a home warranty quote from AFC Home Club today!

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Tips, Tricks, and Optimization: A User's Guide to BOND RX and Chromogenic Multiplexing in Research Applications Have you ever wished you had access to the technical specialist who wrote the book on multiplexing applications? Join Mark Lawson, Life Science Field Applications Specialist at Leica Biosystems, where he helps to identify common problems researchers face when developing protocols in IHC and multiplex staining and share some helpful guidance, tips, and tricks for BOND RX users in solving these dilemmas. Topics will include developing best practices for setting up and running chromogenic multiplex slides, providing participants with step-by-step guides on configuring the BOND RX v7.0 software, and sharing insights on optimizing IHC and multiplex staining. - Recall two types of assays that can be run on the BOND RX - Describe two ways researchers can optimize IHC and multiplex staining - Identify one best practice solution for running chromogenic multiplexing For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. Hello, hello; thank you so much for that introduction. Let's get started. Oh, I'm sorry, I just need to hit this next button here. So my name is Mark Lawson. Thank you for joining us in this webinar. I'm here to present BOND RX tips, tricks, and optimization. It's going to be a user guide from the BOND RX and chromogenic multiplexing in the research application. So, my name is Mark Lawson. I'm an application specialist on the Life Sciences team at Leica Biosystems I provide technical support for the Life Sciences portfolio, including but not limited to the BOND RX, the BOND RXm, and a wide array of reagents. So I've worked in the histology field for about 15 years and in both clinical and research spaces. I started off as a histotechnologist and worked my way up to management fairly quickly. So with this experience, I've been able to develop my skills in immunohistochemistry and insight to hybridization assay development, laboratory management, and general histology to a pretty high level. So, when I'm not thinking about which primary antibody is best suited for a particular application, I like to spend my time with my family and friends. I enjoy everything that the North Shore of Massachusetts near my home has to offer, and also play a little golf. So again, welcome, welcome, welcome. This presentation was developed for all levels of practitioners, but I do assume that you have some familiarity with immunohistochemistry and multiplexing technologies. At the end of this presentation, you guys should be able to recall two types of assays that can be run on the BOND RX, describe two ways researchers can optimize IHC and multiplex staining, and identify one best practice solution for running chromogenic multiplexing. So that is included in the optimization category. So let's just go over the basics of immunohistochemistry. Just go way back to the basics. Again, immunohistochemistry is evolved to complement H & E's and special stain technologies that typically show tissue morphology and structure, while these two technologies are nonspecific, you know, sometimes they can be specific but mostly not. IHC is directed to specific protein marker or markers. Typically, the chromogen that is used, there are two of them. So DAB, which is brown, and AP, which is the red dye are used for most applications. It provides a strong and permanent stain, you know, with that covalent bond AP is mostly used for skin lesions, specifically in the clinical world where DAB may be masked by other brown pigments such as melanin. For double staining, the tradition is to use DAB and AP on the same tissue section. Here you can see that that construct of the primary antibody, secondary antibody, and polymer in this case is horseradish peroxidase with the DAB making that brown precipitate. So, what's next? What type of technologies is going to be available to researchers to look at these markers and RNA and DNA? Multiplexing allows multiple markers to be stained within a single tissue section. It uses combinations of different markers and chromogens to build a more complete image of the tissue structure. Multiplex methods can visualize multiple target antigens, DNA, or RNA within a single tissue sample. You can either do it sequentially or simultaneously also known as parallel, where you would take you know, maybe up to three different primary antibodies, cocktail them together, and come in with the proteins. Now the workflow for specifically sequential multiplexing allows for multiple rounds of retrieval and or reagent stripping. It can be used with IHC and ISH in any order, and it can work with chromogenic and fluorescent workflows. So the basic idea is you have a dewax and retrieval your primary marker is applied. Your enzyme is applied, so whether it be alkaline phosphatase or horseradish peroxidase, a chromogenic conversion of the substrate happens and then you add your counterstain, but you can do this doing using multiple rounds, so in a sequential multiplex, you'll do this you know, for instance, for four plex four times. Now, why are people multiplexing these days? So, multiplexing provides new insights into what's occurring at a cellular level. So you really look at the cellular interactions, learn the functional cell states understand the direct relationship between the DNA, RNA, and protein within the cell. happening in understand spatial arrangements, so are those macrophages close to that cancer cell? You can understand the interaction. So, is a macrophage interaction interacting with that cancer cell and you can really see co-localization so really dive into see what kind of immune cells you're looking at. So multiplexing really maximizes the amount of data acquired from a single tissue sample. So popular multiplex applications that are used today include PIN-4, which is CK5, p63, AMACR/p504s, and that's in prostate. A duplex so Kappa Lambda in lymphomas and for Melanoma, we have Melan A, Tyrosinase, HMB45/ Ki67 Historically IHC been performed as a manual process, right? So this can cause a lot of variability in your research project outcomes. You really have various points that you have to control while doing the assays, so independent hands-on technique, so user to use their variability, temperature variability, so you have to make sure that your microwave and your pressure cooker are, you know, at the correct temperature at all times. You have your time variability. So, you know, you'll see researchers running around with timers on their on their lab coats; is a very time sensitive assay, and it also takes time to prepare reagents. Nevermind that DAP is highly carcinogenic. So if you're mixing DAB, it's probably not the safest procedure to be doing. So automation can offer a built in consistency. It can monitor the sample condition and application. I just want to give you a little bit of a glimpse of the BOND RX so we'll be talking about the BOND RX in more detail going forward. So in 2011, Leica Biosystems released the BOND RX. So the efficiency of full automation is matched to unlimited reagent selection, and freely customizable protocols. So you can use any reagent you'd like, and develop any type of protocol that you've developed on the bench on the BOND RX. So the BOND-III from Leica Biosystems was very restrictive. This new BOND RX offers unprecedented choice with researchers able to select the ideal reagents and sequences and incubation conditions for a study. Now, just last year, in 2021, Leica Biosystems released the BOND RX software version 7.0. The software allows you to conduct up to a 6- plex sequential scanning with IHC, ISH and IHC + ISH. You can run chromogenic and fluorescent multiplexing in parallel. So you'll have one assay that's chromogenic, one assay that's fluorescent, you can run them at this on the same time on the BOND RX. You can do up to six instrument mix chromogens that can be applied to a single slide. So you can purchase a chromogen from an outside company. And the chromogen multiplexing function functionality is supported by some new reagents. So in particular, the blue and green chromogens and also open chromogen functionality, which is using a new detection system. So, why is IHC done in research, right? So historically western blotting and mass spectrometry can give a researcher evidence that a particular piece of tissue expresses a particular protein. Now IHC can determine where in the tissue that protein is found. The protein can be visualized in the cellular context. Therefore IHC is a tool that can be used in a wide variety of research settings and applications. And these might include oncology, neurology, immunology, diabetes studies, preclinical drug development, toxicology, and pharmacology pharmacokinetics. So getting back to multiplex IHC. So what are some issues and questions that arise typically when you're developing a multiplex IHC assay? So first off, this is a very long assay in terms of the time it takes to complete again, reproducibility. There's that idea that you know, it's very hard to control each and every part of the assay. Some might ask what reagents are needed to perform a chromogenic multiplex IHC assy. And also how do I optimize chromogenic multiplex panel, you know, how do I know that my markers are hitting their targets and these Chromogens are really highlighting the antigens of interest. So I want to give you some solutions for these issues, and answer some of these questions. So I want to introduce the BOND RX, the automated research staining platform that can automate your multiplex IHC assay, really giving that high level of reproducibility; I want to provide some useful guidance with “Tips and Tricks” to set up and run chromogenic multiplex IHC slides on the BOND RX. I also want to provide sort of a step-by-step guide at the slide setup level on how to configure the BOND RX version 7.0 software, and I want to provide a starting point for chromogenic multiplex IHC panel optimization. So let's get let's dive right into it. Let's dive right into our user guide here. And again, the purpose of this is to really show you some multiplex IHC images to provide some useful guidance on how to set up and run chromogenic multiplex slides and also that step-by-step guide on how to configure the BOND RX 7.0 software at the slide setup level. And here's a presentation roadmap for you. Alright, so let's get started with just some general information and guidance. All right. So tip tips and tricks, right. So as a general rule, the chromogen should always be applied in the following order: So the red chromogen, DAB, blue, then green. The red chromogen is alkaline phosphatase based so you want that to go first, because it could interact with the HRP enzyme reaction and therefore, if you put the red, for instance, in the second slot, it would be much dimmer than you would expect. So the selection of dehydration procedure is very dependent on the most susceptible chromogen. So, when you are dehydrating after the slides come off the BOND RX, you need to keep in mind that the red and green chromogens can be taken through standard dehydration procedures using alcohols and xylenes, but it should not exceed 10 dips or 10 seconds; if so the chromogen will fade and crystallize. Every single one of these approaches have been optimized to use the Leica Biosystems CV Ultra. Blue chromogen is not compatible with alcohols and xylenes. You must air dry at room temperature or in an oven at 37 or 60 degrees C. Again you can use CV Ultra if you're not using CV Ultra, please use an aqueous mountant. Again, if the blue chromogen is used utilized in a multiplex assay, then the stain slide must be air-dried. The blue chromogen is photosensitive you cannot leave it in direct sunlight or uncovered for a prolonged period of time. BOND RX software version 7.0 enables sequential staining of up to six projects in one fully automated run. You do not have to remove the slides from the instrument to achieve this. So, any software version prior to version 7.0 does require that the slides be removed from the instrument after the first two detection applications. You're going to re-label them with a newly reprogrammed chromogen application protocol, and then you return it to the instrument for staining. So it is possible to do multiplexing with any version software prior to 7.0. We do have a new red counterstain which is optimized for use in conjunction with blue chromogen. If you prefer a less intense color contrast of hematoxylin or another counterstain. The incubation time can be reduced to three minutes in order to increase the contrast with the chromogen or you can dilute the counterstain. This is a great tip here if the red chromogen and green chromogen are selected to visualize the target antigens. A third purple color which looks fantastic will result from the co-localization of staining within the same cellular compartment. All right, and this section is really my favorite section, first of all, so I'm going to provide a step-by-step guide on how to set certain multiplex assays up and the slide setup screen and also tell you a little bit about the slide and the chromogens and markers that were used. So a little bit of a disclaimer. The information here is provided for guidance only. It does not confer the optimum uses of materials. The slide images are provided for information only and were generated as part of product development and need to be fully optimized or validated. Alternative epitope retrieval steps may yield better results. And also, including blocking stripping steps may further optimize performance. All right, so here's our first beautiful image. This is with a piece of tonsil tissue using PDL-1 CD68, CD8, and pan-CK markers. So PDL-1 exhibits tonsil as a weak to moderate punctuated membranous staining, germinal center macrophages, and a moderate to strong staining of the majority of epithelial crypt cells. CD68 exhibits the tonsil as moderate cytoplasmic staining of interfollicular macrophages, Leica Biosystems clones specifically display strong cytoplasmic staining of germinal center macrophages. CD8 exhibits in tonsil as membranous staining of the cytotoxic subpopulation T cells, and Pan-CK exhibits in tonsil as strong staining of epithelial cells. So using this combination of immuno-oncology markers, we can reveal details on a tumor microenvironment and provide sensitive and specific predictions on outcomes by assessing the input infiltration of immune cells, macrophages and T cells. So Pan-CK exhibits in tonsil as strong staining at the field of epithelial cells again. So, as you can see in the slide setup screen, this gives you a breakdown of exactly how this beautiful image was produced on the Leica Biosystem BOND RX in version 7.0 software. So the first stain, second stain, third stain, and fourth stage. And if you have any questions on exactly how to set these up on your instrument, please contact your local application specialist or reach out to your account sales counterpart, and they can help you do this Here we have a colon, and we're using CK20, Desmin, CD3, and CDX2. This is scanned on a Leica Biosystems scanner, by the way. So four Leica Biosystems chromogens have been used on the BOND RX 7.0. to illustrate the multiplexing capacity of the staining platform. The chromogens were used to detect four primary antibodies in normal large bowel as seen in the image legends over here on the left. The two layers of smooth muscle surrounding the bowel is easily visualized with the Leica Biosystems DAB chromogen. Desmin is expressed by the muscularis externa in both the longitudinal and circular muscle. DAB chromogen detects the anti-Desmin primary antibody, which binds to the tissue-expressing Desmin, generating the characteristic brown staining associated with DAB. Within the inner mucosal layer, the muscularis mucosae is also visualized with DAB-Desmin complex, and the smooth muscle cells among the epithelial cells of the lumen are also visible. A Peyer’s Patch is present in the muscularis mucosae detected using the T-cell markers, anti-CD3, and visualized with Leica Biosystems blue chromogen. The mucosal layer has been stained with anti-CDX2 to show the epithelial goblet cells and the colonic villi detected using Leica Biosystems green chromogen, and anti-CK20, which is expressed in cytoplasmic on the surface of the epithelial cells of the colon and detected using Leica Biosystems red. Here is also a beautiful image of a lung. We're using TTF1, CK5, and Napsin A with our beautiful red counterstain. This is also scanned with like a Leica Biosystems scanner. CK5 and TTF1 are markers used to differentiate adenocarcinoma of the lung from squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. So generally, Adenocarcinoma expressed TTF1, and Squamous cell carcinomas express CK5. This image demonstrates a lung adenocarcinoma using CK5, TTF1, and Napsin A, generated using multiplex technology available on the BOND RX. CK5 expressed by normal squamous cells, such as those lining the bronchus and the bronchioles leading to the alveolar sacs. Anti-CK5 was used to detect the cytoplasmic expression of the CK5 antigen resulting in the characteristic brown chromogen staining evidence in the bronchial. In lung, Napsin A and is produced by type two pneumocytes alveolar macrophages and some respiratory epithelium within the cell cytoplasm. TTF1 is expressed by type two pneumocytes and Clara cells within cell nuclei. Some markers can be visualized in different cellular compartments with TTF1 detected with Leica Biosystems red, and Napsin A detected using Leica Biosystems blue. Again, this is another colon using a four-plex. So some notes on this. The mucularis mucosa is comprised on Desmin expressing smooth muscle cells and visualized with Leica Biosystems green chromogen. Actively reproducing lymphoid cells are evident with the Ki67 biomarker and DAB chromogen, surrounded by mature T cells expressing CD-3 and detected with the LBS Blue chromogen, to form a Peyer’s Patch. Epithelial goblet cells, which form the mucosal lining of the large bowel express CK20 have been visualized with the Leica Biosystems purple chromogen. Enterochromaffin cells express serotonin. These neuroendocrine cells are present in small numbers in the lamina propria but are clearly visualized using anti-serotonin antibody and red chromogen. At a higher magnification dividing epithelial cells forming the bowel lumen are detected by the nuclear-expressed Ki67/DAB. Migrating T cells are also easily differentiated due to the royal blue chromogen color contrasting with the hematoxylin counterstain. Additionally, smooth muscle cells supporting the villi are detected by the cytoplasmically expressed Desmin Visualised by the green chromogen. Using LBS chromogens and BOND RX technology it is possible to detect multiple antigens in a single tissue section, conserving tissue while assessing accurate antigen expression patterns, even those of antigens which are expressed in the same cell. The blood muscularis mucosa is comprised of Desmin expressed with muscle cells and visualized with Leica Biosystems green chromogen. So again, you can see how this was put together at the slide setup level on the BOND RX 7.0 software. But here's the first string, second string, third string, fourth string Here is a prostate also using the red counterstain. This Prostatic Adenocarcinoma is characterized by the loss of basal cell antigens CK5 and p40 in the ductal epithelial cells of prostatic glands. Benign cells transform into malignant cells which express AMACR. This is evident using the 3-plex technology of BOND RX with the LBS chromogens. The non-malignant and malignant ducts are clearly differentiated by the strong cytoplasmic expression of CK5/Blue in contrast to the cytoplasmic expression of AMACR detected with red chromogen. At higher magnification the nuclear p40 expression can be seen surrounded by the CK5/blue expression denoting benign cells. And finally, this is just an example of how the red chromogen and the green chromogen can show the co-localized purple. So we have a piece of tonsil staining with BCL-6 in Red and Ki67 in Green with the hematoxylin counterstain. You can see the little cells with the number one is the reg chromogen that's going to be BCL-6. And number two, which is the green chromogen which is Ki67. Cells undergoing proliferation. And again, with the two markers, you get the co-localized purple. So here's some information on how to order all of the reagents that you saw in those setup screens. So if you have any questions, again, reach out to your local application specialists from the Life Sciences group, or you can also contact your salesperson. All right, moving on. We're going to talk about some general chromogenic multiplex panel optimization tips. And again, this is just to get you started. I mean this, this process can get somewhat cumbersome. It's a lot easier chromogenically than it is using fluorescence technologies but here are some tips that are going to help. So first off for colocalized markers, consider using chromogoens that will create a third color, so again using that red and the green from Leica Biosystems you can produce that purple. If you want to detect multiple proteins that are highly and lowly expressed in tissue, consider using a stronger color chromogen first for the lower expressed marker, followed by the weaker color for the highly expressed marker. This may avoid overpowering the initial stain of the low-expressed protein. So this idea can also be applied if you expect the quantity of one cell type to exceed that of another. Some Chromogens convert at different rates. So for instance, you have your red chromogen, and what looks like your blue chromogen here, the lots of precipitation that equate to a stronger signal, and we all know that Leica Biosystems red gives you very strong color, so slow precipitating chromogens may prevent this overwhelming signal above environment. For spatially close targets, consider selecting chromogen colors for these two markers first, so run these as dual stains prior to the multiplex panel to select the best color combination then address the optimal order for the remaining marker colors. If possible run these as dual stains prior to the full multiplex panel, select the best color combination, then address the optimal order for the remaining marker colors. You also want to test the stability of different chromogens against subsequent experimental steps. There are a number of ways to do this. I'm not really going to go into detail here, but you can ask your local application specialist, and also there are many resources on the internet. Signals that remain strong, use those earlier in the assay. The less robust signals later in the experiment. So lighter chromogen colors may be easier on the eyes to visualize. So let's just think of our pathologist, here or Principal Investigators, especially if you have co-localizations or if you have multiple markers in close proximity to each other. DAB can overstain and occlude previously stained sites. So although DAB, is the most commonly used chromogen for a single stain immunohistochemistry, it's an example of a chromogen that can occlude spatially, so it's usually DAB optimizes the sequence in which it's used to find a suitable place within the multiplex panel. So this is very important, so consider your choice of preferred counterstain with the chromogen colors. Half-strength hematoxylin if you'd like it lighter, you can also use methyl green or nuclear fast red. This is especially true if you're conducting image analysis studies. Blue chromogens may be indistinguishable from hematoxylin counterstain, so you might want to try a methyl green or nuclear fast red, as I as I mentioned earlier. Also, consider the compatibility of your chosen chromogen with your required or preferred dehydration methods. So again, in the tips and tricks section of this webinar, we went over some guidelines that are associated with Leica Biosystems chromogens. So please follow those and consider them when you are dehydrating. So, you want to determine which antigens are robust or susceptible to degradation following multiple rounds of antigen retrieval. And you want to consider detecting the susceptible markers earlier in the assay. So there again, there are multiple ways of testing this out. I'm not going to go into detail now it's going to be a starting point for you. You do have many resources available to you on the internet as well as I'm sure your colleagues have some tips and tricks that they can tell you. In summary, multiplexing provides a multicolor, multiple multi-target slide. It's a permanent stain, unlike some fluorescent assays. Its resistance to photobleaching is another reason why people might choose this assay over fluorescence. And it's great for bright field images and analysis so you can use image analysis algorithms with some of these assays Leica Biosystems does have a publication repository, and if you want to read some peer-reviewed publications between BOND RX you can head to this link here: LBs Publication Repository I'm sure in the methods section, you can find plenty of great tips as well. That may help you along your journey. We also have a new Life Science Portal homepage that was launched recently. So definitely check that out. We have plenty of great resources available at this link: https://www.leicabiosystems.com/us/life-sciences-and-research-solutions/ So that concludes my presentation. Thank you very much for joining me. I'm happy to open up for any questions that you may have. Please let me know if you have some questions. About the presenter Mark Lawson is an Applications Specialist on the Life Sciences team at Leica Biosystems, providing technical support for the Life Sciences portfolio including but not limited to the BOND RX, BOND RXm, and a wide array of reagents. Mark has worked in the field of histology for 15 years in both the clinical and research spaces, in roles ranging from histotechnologist to laboratory administrator. With this experience, Mark has been able to develop his skills in immunohistochmistry and in situ hybridization assay development, laboratory management, and histology to a high level. When he's not thinking about which primary antibody is best suited for a particular application, Mark likes to spend time with his family and friends, enjoy everything that the north shore of MA near his home has to offer, and play golf For the use of any product, the applicable product documentation, including information guides, inserts and operation manuals should be consulted. Copyright © 2024 Leica Biosystems division of Leica Microsystems, Inc. and its Leica Biosystems affiliates. All rights reserved. LEICA and the Leica Logo are registered trademarks of Leica Microsystems IR GmbH.

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Top-of-Mind Compliance Issues for Financial Institutions in 2024 Download By Carol Beaumier and Bernadine ReeseChange on the horizon: In the ever-expanding landscape of financial services regulation, there are signs that the standard for compliance is shifting from a technical evaluation to an outcomes-based evaluation.The big picture: Uncertainty and the disruption it brings have become the norm, as has Compliance’s role in many other areas of risk management. Compliance departments need to self-evaluate and optimise their operations continually to manage current and expected challenges.Why it matters: Financial institutions need to have a clear view of immediate and emerging risks and ensure they have processes and controls in place to manage them aggressively. Among these risks:AISanctionsOperational resilienceESGWe group the top 15 compliance priorities for 2024 into two broad categories: External and Internal. Download Topics Risk Management and Regulatory Compliance Compliance Priorities — 2024ExternalStill TrendingNew in 20241. Artificial Intelligence (AI)ü 2. Consumer Outcomes ü3. Operational Resilienceü 4. Conduct and Culture ü5. Sanctionsü 6. Supply Chain ü7. Crypto Fallout ü8. Convergence of Financial Crimeü 9. ESGü Internal 10. Compliance Risk Assessment ü11. Horizon Scanning ü12. Risk in Change ü13. Digital Riskü 14. Compliance Monitoring and Assurance ü15. Resourcing ü We have expanded our list this year from 10 to 15 priorities. There is no special significance to this number, just a nod to the fact that maintaining effective compliance programmes at financial institutions isn’t getting any easier. Additionally, as we have noted previously, our list is not intended to be all-inclusive. The priorities are not organised in any rank order and do not affect all types of financial institutions to the same degree, and aspects of the priorities clearly overlap.We noted a LinkedIn post recently where a former compliance officer said he was not going to read any “top lists” this year unless the authors include the predictions they made in 2023 and prove they stood the test of time. Fair enough, we say. So, before we elaborate on our 2024 expectations, we will revisit briefly our 2023 list.In our list of the top 15 priorities for 2024, we have also indicated whether the priority is still trending, i.e., whether it appeared on last year’s list or is new to the list this year. In several instances, “new” to the list does not mean the issue has not been a priority in the past but indicates that recent developments have moved it up the list for 2024.2023 RevisitedEntering 2023, we expected the following to be priorities for financial institutions globally: financial stress; geopolitical tension; people challenges; regulatory hedging and blocking; emerging technology; data; environmental, social and governance (ESG issues); financial crime; privacy; and cybersecurity. With the benefit of hindsight, we might have placed more emphasis on cryptocurrency, although it was mentioned in the context of regulatory hedging and blocking as well as financial crime. That aside, we think our 2023 list was on target and we stand behind our predictions. Several of the 2023 issues carry over to our 2024 list, some as they appeared in 2023 and others, as explained in the sections below, using different terminology as issues have continued to evolve. 2024 External IssuesWhether in the context of back-office operations, customer-facing services, risk management or compliance, no issue garners more attention today than AI. While animated debate continues among governments, advocates for the responsible use of technology, and the financial services industry — including participants at the Bletchley Park AI Safety Summit in November 2023 — as to how AI should be regulated, financial institutions are grappling with the opportunities and risks of AI. Along with board members and senior executives, compliance officers need to understand quickly the technology to manage the compliance risks it poses. Compliance officers will play a key role in determining the controls needed in business and operations applications of AI to meet local regulatory requirements as well as data governance and model requirements. They would also be well-advised, as discussed further below, to consider how AI can be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance function.Consumer protection measures are the mainstay of retail compliance. Therefore, compliance officers will be tracking the rollout of consumer protection measures in the U.S., Australia, Europe, Hong Kong, Singapore and other jurisdictions. After trying for more than 20 years, with limited success, to ensure that financial institutions “treat customers fairly” and then identify and manage “conduct risk” relating to customer interactions, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority has received new powers (through the Consumer Duty) to regulate customer outcomes — ensuring that regulated firms, effective July 2023, must act to deliver good customer outcomes for retail customers (including vulnerable customers). This regulation raises the bar for UK financial institutions. Another recent example of outcomes-based regulation comes from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), which has fined multiple financial services firms for poor customer outcomes, including misleading statements and financial promotions, unfair contract terms, overcharging customers, and other poor pricing practices.Operational resilience, with cybersecurity as one of its linchpins, continues to be high on regulators’ agendas globally, although regulatory approaches and expectations may differ by country. Given the interconnectedness of the financial services industry, there is increasing focus on dependencies on critical third parties, outsource arrangements and vendors that play critical roles in delivering important business services and on which financial institutions rely to achieve resilience. Being able to monitor and oversee such third parties, which may number in the hundreds for individual firms, is a key area of focus. In July 2023, U.S. prudential regulators issued their long-awaited Interagency Guidance on Third Party Relationships: Risk Management, and in December 2023 the Financial Stability Board released a tool kit for enhancing third-party risk management and oversight; these are just two examples of recent regulatory guidance. While operational resilience programmes are generally not managed by the Compliance function, Compliance nonetheless will continue to play a key role in ensuring that all regulatory requirements and standards are met.Conduct and culture — and the increasing impacts they have on regulatory risk — will be a focus for compliance officers in 2024. Whether it is the regulation of non-financial misconduct or the proposed mandatory disclosures to encourage diversity and inclusion in the UK, or publication of a consultative Culture and Behaviour Risk Guideline by Canada’s Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI)outlining outcomes for which firms are accountable and emphasising how a sound culture and proactive management of behavioral risks contribute to good outcomes, an organisation’s culture has never been more important. Compliance officers know that sustainable and embedded implementation of regulatory requirements is effective only when reinforced by senior management action and a supportive company culture. The many impacts of culture on financial misconduct and poor customer outcomes are increasing regulatory focus on board effectiveness, governance, senior management accountability, and remuneration and incentivisation. In Hong Kong, regulators have introduced new requirements for remuneration design and claw backs, and in Australia, financial services firms also need to evidence a board-level view on risk culture. In examples of “practice what you preach,” two U.S. regulators, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), are currently under scrutiny for culture and conduct lapses related to, respectively, ignoring a hostile work environment and deficient vetting of a senior-level hire.With a slowing, but not stopping, issuance of Western sanctions against Russia, industry and regulatory attention has shifted from implementing the sanctions to evasion and enforcement. Regulators across the globe have published studies and guidance on evasion techniques, such as the May 2023 joint release by the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) and the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), as well as the UK National Crime Agency’s (NCA) November 2023 warning on the use of gold to evade Russian sanctions. Contrary to what we have witnessed in the past, where it has taken regulators and other enforcement bodies years to build and report cases of sanction evasion, we are already seeing a steady stream of reporting of Russian evasion — a clear sign of the importance Western governments are placing on trying to cut off evasion channels.These cases highlight the need for financial institutions’ Sanction Compliance departments to be highly engaged and coordinated with their counterparts in transaction monitoring, trade operations and cyber risk management, among others, in order to identify and report evasion. (More about this is found below in our discussion of the convergence of financial crime.) Financial institutions simultaneously need to consider other lessons learned during the early days of the Russian sanctions and modify and enhance their sanctions compliance programmes accordingly. Finally, it must be noted that geopolitical tensions across the globe, including U.S.-China relations and the Middle East conflict (including Iran’s potential role), remind us that while much of the sanction attention in the last two years has been on Russia, compliance risk overall is far more pronounced than it has been in recent history and carries with it significant enforcement and reputation risk.When we consider managing supply chain risk, we generally think about manufacturers and retailers and not about financial institutions. Apart from the credit issues that may stem from supply chain disruption, a financial institution’s supply chain also presents compliance risks including corruption, fraud, export controls and sanctions, ESG requirements, and labor law anti-human trafficking compliance, among others. This requires financial institutions to make sure they are considering these issues as part of a comprehensive third-party risk management programme, and in light of stepped-up constituent and regulatory interest, the latter should include supply chain certification requirements that are required in some jurisdictions.Who would have thought that — following the conviction of FTX’s Sam Bankman-Fried, the multibillion-dollar settlement with Binance and the conviction of its CEO, Changpeng Zhao, amid other crypto industry scandals — there would be optimism about the crypto world? But this is exactly what has happened. The two cases are quite different, of course: The FTX case involves the mishandling of customer funds, while the Binance case is based on alleged money laundering and sanctions violations. With these cases nearly resolved, there is optimism that this chapter of crypto fallout is behind us and that investors can now feel more confident that bad actors will be punished. Crypto prices, in fact, recovered in 2023 following the devastating losses incurred in 2022. The future, however, is not as clear and rosy as some would like to believe. While jurisdictions across the globe (including Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dubai and the UK) continue to welcome cryptocurrency companies and have developed and implemented regulatory regimes to supervise them, the United States remains a bystander, with no defined regulatory regime and where the future of crypto currently depends on the outcome of SEC litigation and on the political will (thus far lacking) for the Congress to act. For now, the disparate national frameworks governing crypto activities will continue to challenge financial institutions and their compliance personnel.Financial crime has been a perennial issue on our listings of compliance priorities. New anti-money laundering (AML) requirements are never lacking, and recent events, as discussed above, have elevated the focus on sanctions compliance. Beyond these core pillars of financial crime, we are seeing a push toward the convergence of financial crime — a view that includes not just AML and sanctions, but also anti-bribery and corruption, fraud, cybercrime, and market abuse, among other areas. We have seen this push before, but progress has been slow and mixed at best. Two factors may now serve as catalysts to develop more integrated financial crime functions: an overarching, global concern with the proliferation of fraud and cybercrime, and the availability of innovative technologies. Compliance officers will be expected to be the architects of these integrated financial crime-focused Compliance functions and should increasingly expect regulators to ask about their plans and progress.In our June 2023 edition of Compliance Insights, we argued for the need for the Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) to step up and play a key role in the adoption of ESG strategies. At COP28’s Finance Day in December 2023, we saw how the financial sector remains a vital mechanism for initiating and sustaining change. We expect continued focus on the development and implementation of ESG strategies and policies in many countries, although in some the political realities and costs of adopting green and net zero policies are causing less progress than might have been expected from a climate emergency. We expect that regulators will continue to develop and refine disclosure regimes, and the introduction of the first of the Statements from the International Sustainability Standards Board will bring hope that greater global alignment around disclosure standards and requirements can be achieved. Financial regulators, including those in Europe, the UK, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore, will continue to focus on developing and refining climate change stress tests, anti-greenwashing measures and definition of the “S” (social) components, as well as on developing the sustainable finance markets. The planned or expected adoption of reporting and disclosure standards in various jurisdictions, including Europe and the United States, will set further compliance expectations. Compliance officers will play a key role in determining the controls needed in business and operations applications of AI to meet local regulatory requirements as well as data governance and model requirements. 2024 Internal IssuesToday’s CCO might be forgiven (at least temporarily) if she says she is too busy dealing with everyday fires to think about optimising the Compliance function. But we all know that not upgrading compliance operations only adds to the view that everything is a firefight. In the following sections, we offer some observations and recommendations for the busy CCO.No competent CCO would argue with the premise that a compliance risk assessment is foundational to building an effective risk management programme. Yet often, the process of developing the risk assessment seems to take on more significance than the results, and results may be obsolete by the time the risk assessment is finalised. This is an area ripe for innovation. CCOs would be well-advised to consider how they can use AI to develop a regulatory inventory (the first step in performing a risk assessment) and a risk control library and use technology to automate the risk assessment process to make it dynamic rather than static.For a risk assessment to be dynamic and for financial institutions to demonstrate to their regulators that they are attuned to and proactively considering the impact of emerging compliance risks, financial institutions need a horizon scanning function. This function uses a variety of sources to perform a systematic examination of new or potential areas of compliance risk, effectively communicates the expected impacts, and keeps the appropriate people in the institution informed of developments to allow for better preparedness and implementation. In smaller, less complex financial institutions, the CCO may be able to carry out this function, but in larger, more complex and multinational institutions, horizon scanning is a full-time job that may require a team of people to be effective. CCOs would be well-advised to consider how they can use AI to develop a regulatory inventory and a risk control library and use technology to automate the risk assessment process to make it dynamic rather than static. Given the dynamics of the regulatory environment, a CCO, or a senior member of her team, also needs to be an expert at risk in change — the process of guiding organisational change from design and preparation through implementation. The costs of poorly managed change are many: missed deadlines, rework, increased costs, flawed implementation, and — in the case of regulatory requirements — potential violations of law, financial penalties and other regulatory actions. Change itself is a risk to financial institutions, and being an effective change agent is a core competency of a CCO. This requires the CCO to understand the change culture (including pain points and other obstacles) within her institution, develop a change management framework that works with the culture, continually prioritise the change issues facing the institution, and champion the change culture. Risk in change extends beyond the implementation of new requirements — it also has a direct impact on issues management. While compliance issues may arise anywhere in an institution, the Compliance function has final sign-off (or, in some instances, penultimate sign-off before review by internal audit) on whether compliance issues have been appropriately resolved. This requires that Compliance identify all open issues, effectively challenge and sign-off on remediation plans, approve related communications (e.g., to customers or regulators), monitor implementation status, and confirm that the resolution satisfies regulatory requirements and expectations. It may also require Compliance to conduct training on new or revised processes and develop and implement monitoring regimes to protect against recurrence. How well institutions manage the adoption of new requirements and remediate open issues can significantly impact a regulator’s assessment of the Compliance function and the effectiveness of the CCO. While generative AI enables everyday automation, it also has resulted in significant growth of compliance risks in many market areas, including fraud and money laundering. Over the past few years, we have consistently called out digital risk arising from emerging technology as a key focus area for CCOs. Prior to the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, it would have been hard to foresee the extent to which technologies such as AI would be at the top of a CCO’s agenda barely a year later. While generative AI enables everyday automation, it also has resulted in significant growth of compliance risks in many market areas, including fraud and money laundering. Last year we referenced Forbes’ Top Technology Trends in 2023; the 2024 Forbes list includes generative AI, sustainable technology and cyber resilience.(See sidebar)While some technology trends (such as cyber resilience) are not new, the rapid deployment of AI and advanced technologies is increasing the risks in these areas. Constant review and updating of cyber defenses is required and resilience in the face of a cyberattack becomes critical. The 2024 trends also include “phygital,” which refers to the greater alignment and interaction of the physical and digital worlds. For example, as virtual reality and augmented reality become more mainstream, CCOs may consider how this technology can help with training. Digital twin usage has already become more widespread in operational resilience arrangements. Similarly, widespread adoption of advanced technology in society and financial services will need to be underpinned by quantum computing speeds and capacities.With more “next gen” technology now available, compliance monitoring and assurance is undergoing a transformation from an “optional” activity to one that adds value and insights. The focus on outcomes rather than process in areas such as consumer protection is leading to a focus on outcomes testing by the monitoring function. CCOs who focus monitoring on issues they have assessed as higher risk, use appropriate technology to automate monitoring controls, bring in expertise to conduct thematic reviews, and align their monitoring with the controls testing in the first line and internal audit reviews will be well-placed in managing the firm’s regulatory risk.Last but never least is resourcing. There is an oft-repeated pattern in Compliance functions: Ramp up when regulators criticise the compliance efforts of the financial institution, and ramp down as soon as the previously identified issues have been resolved. While a Compliance function should not staff for crisis mode, fluctuations in resourcing are not the solution either. Leveraging technology to the extent feasible, Compliance functions should be staffed with a core team of skilled and experienced individuals to meet business-as-usual needs. The team also should have the capacity to scale by borrowing personnel from other departments and/or engaging consultants or temporary staff when the situation demands it.This, of course, is not as simple as it sounds. First, there needs to be agreement on what the business-as-usual needs are given the expanding role of Compliance as we have described it here and in previous publications. Next, there needs to be recognition that the current staff may need to be upskilled to meet current and future challenges. Finally, depending on a flex model requires pre-planning to identify the resources that will be added as needed. And for anyone who believes that innovative technologies will do away with the need for compliance personnel, we say, “Not a chance.” The more innovative technologies like AI blur the distinction between reality and fantasy, the more important the human touch becomes to ensure institutions satisfy not only the letter but also the spirit of laws and regulations. Image About the authors Carol Beaumier is a senior managing director in Protiviti’s Risk and Compliance practice. Based in Washington, D.C., she has more than 30 years of experience in a wide range of regulatory issues across multiple industries. Before joining Protiviti, Beaumier was a partner in Arthur Andersen’s Regulatory Risk Services practice and a managing director and founding partner of The Secura Group, where she headed the Risk Management practice. Before consulting, Beaumier spent 11 years with the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), where she was an examiner with a focus on multinational and international banks. She also served as executive assistant to the comptroller, as a member of the OCC’s senior management team and as liaison for the comptroller inside and outside of the agency. Beaumier is a frequent author and speaker on regulatory and other risk issues.Bernadine Reese is a managing director in Protiviti’s Risk and Compliance practice. Based in London, Reese joined Protiviti in 2007 from KPMG’s Regulatory Services practice. Reese has more than 30 years’ experience working with a variety of financial services clients to enhance their business performance by successfully implementing risk, compliance and governance change and optimising their risk and compliance arrangements. She is a Certified Climate Risk Professional. About Protiviti’s Compliance Risk Management Practice There's a better way to manage the burden of regulatory compliance. Imagine if functions were aligned to business objectives, processes were optimised, and procedures were automated and enabled by data and technology. Regulatory requirements would be met with efficiency. Controls become predictive instead of reactive. Employees derive more value from their roles. The business can take comfort that their reputation is protected, allowing for greater focus on growth and innovation.Protiviti helps organisations integrate compliance into agile risk management teams, leverage analytics for forward-looking, predictive controls, apply regulatory compliance expertise and utilise automated workflow tools for more efficient remediation of compliance enforcement actions or issues, translate customer and compliance needs into design requirements for new products or services, and establish routines for monitoring regulatory compliance performance. 1. “It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future,” Jim Richards, Anti-money Laundering — WTF?, November 29, 2023: https://antimoneylaundering.wtf/f/%E2%80%9Cit%E2%80%99s-tough-to-make-predictions-especially-about-the-future%E2%80%9D.2. “The evolving complexity of financial institution compliance: Top compliance priorities for 2023,” Compliance Insights, Protiviti, December 2023: www.protiviti.com/sites/default/files/2023-07/newsletter-top-compliance-priorities-for-2023-protiviti.pdf.3. Culture and Behaviour Risk Guideline, Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, Government of Canada, February 2023: www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/fi-if/rg-ro/gdn-ort/gl-ld/Pages/cbrsk_dft.aspx.4. How financial firms can prepare for the 2024 regulatory landscape, EY, December 2023: www.ey.com/en_gl/banking-capital-markets/how-firms-can-respond-to-the-2024-regulatory-landscape.5. The 2023 list included (1) Artificial intelligence and machine learning, (2) Metaverse, (3) Use of digital twin technology in a digitally editable world, (4) Widespread adoption of DeFi, and (5) Increasing connectedness in the IoT.

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AdRoll's robust Help Center offers a wealth of resources to guide users through ad creation, campaign management, and advanced features. This overview will highlight the key sections and top resources to help you quickly get up and running with AdRoll's powerful advertising platform. You'll discover the Help Center's layout and core capabilities, essential guides to get started, and avenues to access further support. Whether you're an AdRoll novice or experienced user, this guide serves as your springboard to success. Welcome to the AdRoll Help Center The AdRoll Help Center provides a wealth of resources to guide users through leveraging AdRoll's powerful advertising platform. Whether you're new to digital advertising or a seasoned pro, our help articles offer step-by-step instructions to make ad creation, management, and optimization intuitive. Understanding the AdRoll Help Center Layout The Help Center layout enables you to easily find solutions for your advertising needs. Key sections include: - AdRoll Retargeting: Learn how to create customized audiences and serve relevant ads to website visitors after they leave. - Campaign Management: Master the ins and outs of managing ad campaigns across channels like search, social, and display. - Getting Started: Get up and running quickly with primers on setting up your first campaign, exploring AdRoll's automation tools, and more. AdRoll Login and Account Setup Creating an AdRoll account is simple and fast. Follow these steps: - Go to adroll.com and click Sign Up - Enter your email, name, company name and password - Confirm your account via email Once logged in, the dashboard provides access to all your campaigns, ads, and performance data. Getting Started with AdRoll Hit the ground running with these essential first steps: - Set up your first campaign in minutes with AdRoll’s intuitive Campaign Wizard - Explore Digital Ads to create display, social, and search ads tailored to your goals - Connect Google Analytics and Facebook to track sales and optimize spend Review our Getting Started Guide for details to start seeing results quickly. AdRoll's Quick Start Guide This concise guide covers the basics of creating effective ads and managing campaigns with AdRoll: - Easily build display ads with custom sizes and formats - Create scroll-stopping social ads optimized for engagement - Use automation tools to target the right users at the right time - Analyze campaign performance and fine-tune targeting settings Check out the Quick Start Guide to start mastering the platform. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Check our FAQ section for answers to common questions on: - Managing GDPR consent across ad campaigns - Retargeting best practices for ecommerce stores - Troubleshooting campaign setup and ad approval issues - Getting the most value from AdRoll as a small business Monitoring the FAQs ensures you stay updated as the platform evolves. With AdRoll's Help Center at your fingertips, unleashing the power of digital advertising is easier than ever. Our robust support content empowers users of all skill levels to achieve advertising success. The best way to contact AdRoll customer support is through their online contact form located at adroll.com/contact. This allows you to specify your issue and submit any relevant details. Alternatively, you can contact the AdRoll Customer Support team directly in the following ways: - By phone: Call +1-877-723-7655 to speak with a support representative right away. - By email: Send your inquiry to [email protected] and typically receive a response within 24 hours. When contacting AdRoll support, be sure to provide key details like your account name, campaign IDs of affected campaigns, and a clear description of the issue you're experiencing. Providing these details upfront helps expedite the troubleshooting process. The AdRoll support team aims to respond quickly during business hours and resolve most issues within 1-2 business days. If your case requires further investigation, a support representative will keep you updated on the status. Who uses AdRoll? AdRoll is used by businesses of all sizes across many industries. Here is an overview of some of their key customer demographics: - Small, medium, and large businesses - Ecommerce sites - B2B and B2C companies - Brick-and-mortar stores - Startups to enterprise organizations - 1-10 employees - 10-1,000 employees - 1,000+ employees - United States - Asia Pacific - Latin America Some examples of major AdRoll customers: - Webhelp (Business Services, 10,000+ employees, France) - University of Florida (Higher Education, 10,000+ employees, United States) - Cathay Pacific Airways (Airlines, 10,000+ employees, People's Republic of China) - Eaton Corporation plc (Manufacturing, 10,000+ employees, Ireland) AdRoll is designed to be accessible and valuable for organizations of all sizes across every industry vertical. Their solutions scale to meet the advertising needs of small businesses all the way up to global enterprise brands. How do I cancel AdRoll? You can cancel your AdRoll subscription by navigating to the Settings page and selecting the "Plan & Usage" tab. To cancel a Starter or Growth plan subscription: - Log in to your AdRoll account - Click on your profile icon in the top right corner - Select "Settings" - Click on the "Plan & Usage" tab - Scroll down and click "Cancel Subscription" To cancel a Marketing & Ads Plus Package subscription: - Log in to your AdRoll account that is linked to your Google Ads account - Click on your profile icon in the top right corner - Select "Settings" - Click on the "Plan & Usage" tab - Scroll down and click "Cancel Subscription" Cancelling will immediately stop any future charges to your payment method. However, your account and campaigns will continue to run until the end of the current billing cycle. Please refer to the AdRoll Help Center for the latest information on subscription plans and billing details. The help center has useful articles that provide step-by-step instructions for managing your account. Is AdRoll an ad network? AdRoll is not an ad network. We are a full-service marketing platform designed to help brands turn shoppers into loyal, lifetime customers. Our platform goes beyond just placing ads by providing powerful automation, personalization, and measurement capabilities, including: - Retargeting Ads: Show relevant ads to visitors who have already engaged with your website or ads. Bring them back to complete a purchase or take other actions. - Prospecting Ads: Reach new potential customers who may be interested in your products or services based on their browsing behavior. Expand your audience. - Email Marketing: Send targeted, personalized email campaigns to engage both existing and potential new customers. - Cross-Channel Analytics: Get a unified view of your ad performance and customer journeys across channels like display, social, video, and more. Optimize based on data insights. So while ad networks focus solely on media placement, AdRoll offers a complete growth platform to help you convert shoppers into loyal customers. We provide the tools you need to attract, engage, and measure across the entire customer journey. Creating and Managing Campaigns AdRoll offers robust tools for creating and managing ad campaigns to help businesses achieve their marketing goals. This section provides an overview of key features and best practices. AdRoll Ad Creation Essentials When creating ads in AdRoll, focus on: - High-quality images and videos: Visually compelling assets grab attention and communicate your brand. AdRoll's image editor and library make it easy to customize. - Clear, benefit-driven copy: Communicate top benefits quickly in headlines and ad text. Test different messages to see what resonates most. - Relevant targeting: Use customer data and analytics to identify your best potential customers and direct ads accordingly. - Landing pages: Send clicks to relevant, high-converting landing pages that continue the customer journey. Campaign Management Best Practices To optimize campaigns: - Set clear campaign objectives and key performance indicators. Track progress in the cross-channel dashboard. - A/B test ad creative, messaging, placements, audiences, and more to improve performance. - Analyze data like click-through rate and conversion rate to identify top-performing elements. - Use automation rules to optimize budgets and bids based on performance. Explore Automation Builder for Campaign Efficiency AdRoll's Automation Builder allows you to: - Create rules that automatically optimize campaigns based on conversions, budget pace, and more - Streamline workflows with triggers like welcome emails for new contacts - Build sequences that move contacts through multiple personalized messages Automation Builder saves time and maximizes the impact of every dollar spent. Leveraging Social Ads Manager Key features of Social Ads Manager: - Unified workflow for managing paid social campaigns - AI-powered ad creative generation - Platform-specific targeting capabilities - Cross-channel reporting Efficiently manage and optimize social ad performance. 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Enhancing Brand Awareness with AdRoll Ads - Use sequential messaging to guide users through the sales funnel over time - Implement retargeting ads to repeatedly expose users to your brand - Customize ad copy and creatives to align with your brand voice and personality Tactics for Abandoned Cart Recovery - Set up cart abandonment triggers to target users who left items unpurchased - Send timely, personalized offers via email or ads to encourage completion - Provide free shipping or discounts to incentivize finalizing the purchase Navigating the Cross-Channel Dashboard The cross-channel dashboard enables you to: - View campaign metrics like impressions, clicks, and conversions - Compare performance across advertising channels in one place - Identify top-performing platforms and creatives Optimizing for Connected and Digital Ads - Use sequential messaging to continue telling your brand's story over time - Set frequency caps to avoid overexposing users to ads - Test different images, videos, and text to optimize engagement Integrating Email Marketing with AdRoll - Upload customer lists to create targeted email campaigns - Drive users from ads to personalized landing pages - Track email performance with the cross-channel dashboard By regularly assessing your advertising results and fine-tuning your campaigns, you can realize the full potential of the AdRoll platform. The tips above provide a starting point for optimizing your efforts. AdRoll offers a robust suite of tools and features to help advertisers take their campaigns to the next level. From email marketing capabilities to consent management practices, cross-channel unification to AI-powered optimizations, there are many ways to enhance performance. Explore AdRoll's Email Marketing Capabilities Email marketing through AdRoll enables advertisers to: - Upload customer email lists to send targeted messaging - Create personalized email content with dynamic elements - Schedule email campaigns or trigger them based on user actions - Track open, click through, and conversion rates By combining email efforts with your other AdRoll advertising, you can achieve a unified multi-channel approach. Understanding Consent Management in AdRoll AdRoll prioritizes user privacy through its consent management platform. Key features include: - Customizable cookie consent forms to meet regional requirements - User preference tracking for tailored messaging - Integration with privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA - Ongoing consent monitoring across devices and channels Proper consent management ensures compliance and optimized reach. Utilizing AdRoll for Cross-Channel Marketing The AdRoll platform makes cross-channel integration possible by: - Offering connected ad formats across search, social, display, and more - Providing a unified dashboard to manage different channels - Allowing automation rules to trigger actions across channels - Offering unified reporting for a complete view of campaign performance This makes it easy to create coordinated initiatives across multiple touchpoints. Leveraging AdRoll's AI for Smart Retargeting AdRoll utilizes artificial intelligence to optimize retargeting with features like: - Automated lookalike modeling to find new audiences - AI-powered creative testing and rotation - Predictive budget allocation across ad sets - Dynamic optimization of bids and placements The technology works behind the scenes to improve campaign results. Advanced Reporting and Analytics Robust analytics in AdRoll enable in-depth evaluation with: - Customizable dashboards highlighting key metrics - Granular segmentation and filtering of data - Multi-channel and multi-campaign rollups - Tracking across devices and environments - Visualizations like charts to spot trends These capabilities allow for data-backed optimization of ad initiatives. With AdRoll's expansive toolbox, advertisers have everything needed to boost campaign potential. From innovative automation to actionable insights, the platform empowers results. Troubleshooting and Support AdRoll aims to provide a seamless advertising experience. However, issues can occasionally arise. This section offers solutions for common challenges, along with access to additional support resources. Resolving Common AdRoll Issues If you encounter errors or problems using AdRoll, first check the following: - Account setup - Ensure your account is properly configured according to the steps in AdRoll's getting started guide. This includes connecting ad accounts, setting up conversion tracking, etc. - Campaign setup - Double check campaign settings like targeting, budgets, schedules, creatives, etc. Refer to AdRoll's campaign setup documentation. - Technical issues - Problems like failed ad serving could indicate a tracking tag implementation error. See AdRoll's technical troubleshooting guides. If those do not resolve your issue, search AdRoll's help articles for your specific error message or issue. The knowledge base provides step-by-step troubleshooting. For additional assistance, contact AdRoll support via live chat or by submitting a ticket. AdRoll Community and Peer Support Connect with over 150,000 AdRoll users in the Advertiser Community. Here you can: - Ask questions - Post questions to get answers from AdRoll experts and other advertisers. - Give advice - Share your experiences and help others solve issues. - Learn - Read community discussions to expand your AdRoll knowledge. Leverage this free peer-to-peer support network to troubleshoot problems or learn best practices. Accessing AdRoll's Expert Support Team If you need further help, AdRoll provides personalized support plans: - Standard - Submit support tickets to AdRoll's team of experts. Responses provided within 1 business day. - Premium - Priority email and chat support with faster responses within 2 hours. Upgrading to Premium Support unlocks a dedicated account manager for customized troubleshooting. Educational Resources and Learning AdRoll offers free educational materials to help you master advertising best practices: - Webinars - Attend live and on-demand webinars led by industry experts. - AdRoll University - Self-paced video courses on campaign strategies, product features, and more. - Blog - Read articles and guides in AdRoll's blog for the latest tactics. Leveraging these resources helps prevent future issues by expanding your expertise. Feedback and Feature Requests Provide feedback or suggest new features: - Go to the Customer Feedback Portal to submit feedback and vote on existing requests. - Email [email protected] to share insights directly with AdRoll's product team. AdRoll continually enhances its products based on customer input. Check the portal to track status of your requests. Conclusion: Maximizing Success with AdRoll Recap of AdRoll Help Center Highlights The AdRoll Help Center provides a wealth of resources to help advertisers successfully create and manage ad campaigns. Key highlights covered in this guide include: - Step-by-step instructions for creating ads across various platforms and formats - Tips for optimizing campaign performance with automation and AI - Retargeting strategies to re-engage website visitors - Social media advertising best practices - Email marketing integration - Accessing detailed analytics and reports Familiarizing yourself with these Help Center materials will equip you to build effective, optimized campaigns. Next Steps for AdRoll Users After getting to know the AdRoll Help Center, recommended next steps include: - Exploring the self-serve platform to start building your first campaign - Testing different ad formats like display, video, and social to determine what resonates best with your target audiences - Setting up conversion tracking to understand campaign ROI - Leveraging built-in automation to simplify campaign management Continuously experiment with new features and monitor performance data to maximize results. Staying Updated with AdRoll Features As a SaaS platform, AdRoll frequently rolls out new features and updates to help advertisers stay competitive. To stay current: - Check the product updates page in the Help Center - Follow AdRoll's social media channels - Sign up for email newsletters highlighting latest product announcements - Attend educational webinars spotlighting new capabilities Proactively seeking out these updates will ensure you capitalize on the latest innovations. Invitation for Continuous Learning With a robust Help Center at your fingertips, consider ongoing education as key to continued success. Regularly revisiting materials as new features roll out will facilitate continuous improvement. We encourage you to tap into these exceptional resources at every stage of your journey with AdRoll. The materials provide invaluable support for taking your advertising to the next level. Should you need any further assistance beyond the AdRoll Help Center, don't hesitate to contact the customer support team. AdRoll experts are available 24/7 to answer any outstanding questions related to setup, usage, or optimization. With helpful step-by-step guidance, powerful AI capabilities, and dedicated support, AdRoll provides everything you need to run winning ad campaigns. We invite you to explore the possibilities today!

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I don’t know why I put it off so long, but I finally forced myself to properly finish this post. For reasons unknown to me do I seemingly have a thing for posting stuff at least a year after they have happened and so far I only managed to post an in-time review for one concert… Anyway, back to 2013ths Wacken, which for me was currently the fifth and last one I attended. Part of a Journey Last years Wacken soon became a part of my Journey through Germany as I went there with DarkFairy again and had to pick her up at her parents place. The days before it we spent preparing the car we borrowed from her parents, that we would not just use for driving, but for sleeping as well. You can find more about this part of the journey in the post above and on DFPP Entertainment. Short version: With little actual talent for it, we cut cardboards to fit into the windows for shading. For Fairy’s view on this Wacken you can also look at these posts: Anyway, previous to the trip we made arrangements to meet up and camp with Laupi (the student two years below me, with whom I attended a Sabaton concert some years ago) and his friends, so they kept some space for us. Which was quite necessary, because even though we arrived on Wednesday, it was already quite full. Still, it took us a while to get there and after six hours of driving, we finally arrived in the traffic jam close to the motorway exit for the festival. We already stood for about fifteen minutes when Fairy’s satnav announced: „The route contains traffic congestions“ Which Fairy and I commented with: „Oh, Really?!“ Two hours later we entered the camp ground and called Laupi to know where we had to head. So we asked a staff where we were and where we had to go. The Map hasn’t changed that much over the years, so we were quite confused when he told us that „P was right next to X“ – which it wasn’t. After a bit of driving around we then found Laupi and one of his friends at the spot we had agreed to meet. Though when we arrived at the camp, there wasn’t really space for us. So the cars that were already there had to be re-parked and one of Laupi’s friends then manoeuvred our car into the slim open space. That day we wanted to see Harpyie’s first concert and a special concert by Faun in the church of the village, but the only thing we did, was get our bracelets and call it a day. The 8 hours drive had been just far too exhausting. Kitties and a Pony with Horn As a slow start into the concerts we had a look at Mysterious Priestess, a Japanese Melodic Death Metal band that Fairy discovered in the program. The concert was in the quite new Bullhead City Circus that we had skipped the year before. It was interesting and just like Dir En Grey fascinating to see how such, well, small people are capable of creating such strong music. Next stop was the Wackinger Village for Feuerschwanz, the medieval band that I have mentioned one or the other time before. Throughout and after their show several funny things transpired that I’d like to share with you. Feuerschwanz usually enter their stage with two dancers, their so-called „Mietzen“ (Kitties). At the Metalfest (2012) these Mietzen supported Powerwolf during their performance of „Ressurection by Erection“ (and yes, the song is as perverted as the title suggests…) to put emphasis on the rising with the help of lances. Back then I told Fairy that they belong to Feuerschwanz. When Feuerschwanz entered the stage in Wacken Fairy told me: „I was just about to say: Hey the Mietzen of Feuerschwanz are also with…Feuerschwanz…“ At least she noticed that they indeed are with them. 😀 Beside that their clothings were quite a topic between us. Their violinist wore a short dress with a cape and looked pretty much like a super heroine and whenever she lifted one of her arms I mumbled „Up, up and away…“ It is not nice to make fun of people because of their way to dress, but I couldn’t – and still can’t – refrain from saying that… Fairy, however, got a liking to their bassists vertically striped pants, that looked like those a (medieval) fool would wear. She has a thing for fools and buskers, even having her own fool robes and giving one of her characters in our book this profession. Anyway, the concert was fun – as all their concerts are – and we continued to sit there for the Rabenschrey concert that followed. When they had started Fairy noticed a pair of vertically striped pants and exclaimed while pointing at them: „Look he has the same pants as…“ before she looked up and closed with an „Ooh…“ as it was the bassist himself that was walking past us. 😀 Only to be followed by the guitarist with the not-as-funny-and-memorable-as-the-others name and the supergirl. 😀 As we only watched half of Rabenschrey’s show, as it wasn’t really our thing, I am able to digress a little into what I just wrote. The musicians of Feuerschwanz each use an intentionally ambiguous nickname. They are for example the Hauptmann Feuerschwanz (Captain, well Firetail would be the more literal translation, but meaning wise it would be Firedick) and the Prinz Hodenherz (Prince Testicleheart) and the not-as-funny Hans der Aufrechte (Hans the Uprightly or more fittingly and the only one that sounds more funny in English than in German: the Erected). I didn’t really think that the names sounded that awful in English…therefore I’ll leave out the translations for Johanna von der Vögelweide (supergirl) and the Knappe Latte (the pants-dude). Afterwards we went back to the camp, which – as I haven’t mentioned it yet – was placed perfectly close to the stage areas: Right beside the Wackinger Village and just five minutes to the Main Stages. We joked that this was the reason it got the letter „P“: Perfect. This way it was easy for us to hear concerts while enjoying the comforts of the mattress we had in the car. We heard a bit of Thunder, before we left again to see Deep Purple on the Main Stage. I don’t really remember if we watched via the Video Walls or actually sat inside to see them. It was nice, but Smoke on the Water was definitely the highlight as I don’t think they played Hallelujah. What I remember, however, is that we then sat on a patch of grass to wait for Rammstein to start, when the Pony with Horn was born and accompanied us throughout the remaining weekend. The band itself had a great show (pyrotechnics flying shortly above the audience, etc.) and played many of their well known songs, but it was still a bit unsatisfying, because they are well known for not interacting with the audience that much. A nice experience: Definitely. Worth, to spend nearly a hundred Euros for a solo concert: Not really. Fairy was even surprised to hear Till (the singer) talk to the audience at all. Though it was mostly only to announce that they had a special guest for their song Sonne (Sun): The Volksmusik singer Heino, that had covered the song on his album Mit freundlichen Grüßen (With best regards). It was an unusual and much discussed topic, but still quite interesting. Due to the fact that that years Wacken was sold out as soon as Rammstein were announced, many people were there to see them and it took us a while to return, but less than the others thanks to our perfectly positioned parking place. 😀 In the Heat of the concerts Where last years Wacken was muddy and wet, this one was dry and hot. Very hot. On Thursday we had acquired headbands, to not get too much sun onto our skulls, but on Friday even that wasn’t enough. That day we drank about five litres of water and talked a lot of ridiculous stuff. For example did we had a late lunch somewhere along the day and it felt like the Spaghetti we had, swam in a sea of water and thus we created the Spaghetti Fish in it’s natural habitat the tomato sauce… Anyway, our first stop on Friday was at a Harpyie concert with our newly acquired DF.PP Entertainment shirts around noon. It was a fun concert and we even ended up in the recording for one of their songs. Afterwards we had quite some time until the next concert and I do believe we had lunch first, either way did we by then know that we should always cook with a pot, which I exclaimed instead of saying we should do just that with a lid the day before. As the majority of us wanted to see them we went to Powerwolf together and some of the guys of the camp turned their bare upper bodies into bandshirts by writing the name of the band on their chests – needless to say in the evening the shirts still remained. That concert was my third time seeing them, but it was still fun and I do believe we surprised the guys that didn’t knew us, with our knowledge of the lyrics. Though I did re-interpret their song Kreuzfeuer when I wasn’t able to sleep on Wednesday, somewhat like this: Original: My version: Kreuzfeuer, brenne in der Nacht Kreuzfeuer, penne in der Nacht (Crossfire, burn in the night) (Crossfire, snooze in the night) Kreuzfeuer, sei entfacht Kreuzfeuer, sei erwacht (Crossfire, be ignited) (Crossfire, be awoken) Gott hat uns den Wahn gebracht Gott hat uns den Schlaf gebracht (God had brought us the delusion) (God had brought us the sleep) Anyway, after enjoying the Metal Mass, we parted from the others to have a look into Pretty Maids, where I knew the singer, Ronnie Atkins, from his cooperation with Avantasia. It was quite nice, but then they played a song that sounded really familiar. At first I thought it was by Avantasia, but then I recognized it as Back to Back from Hammerfall. Until that moment I didn’t even know it was a cover. Later we wanted to see Sabaton with the others again, but somehow they interpreted „wait a moment“ as „go ahead“ and we enjoyed it by ourselves. Before the concert started Fairy kind of vowed she will not jump, regardless of what they say on stage. It has been a long and hot day and both of us were exhausted. But then Joakim asked the audience if they will sing and, most importantly, jump with them for their final song: Primo Victoria. The song started playing, Fairy started jumping and loudly yelled: „You asshole!“ Luckily(?) as of this day he does not know about this. 😀 With our main acts done, we had a bit time on our hand to watch Corvus Corax meets Wadokyo while sitting comfortably at the back of the Stage Area. This band has too little vocals for my taste, but their version of Amon Amarth’s Twilight of the Thundergod was still fun. Afterwards we departed for the camp again. As I was too tired/lazy to return for the ASP concert during the night and we had already managed to hear quite a bit of Doro from where we were, I wanted to hear them from afar as well, but my plans were destroyed by Megabosh that played in the Village at the same time. Though played is too good a word for what that guy did on that stage. It was just awful and every last one of us just wanted it to stop. Even leading to an exclamation that someone should just do him the favour and shoot him, when he was loudly repeating the words „Shoot. Shoot. Shoot“ (or „Schieß. Schieß. Schieß.“ as I’m not entirely sure whether he sung English or German). We didn’t like him, but we would have to suffer from him a littler more over the days. The parking place was perfect for reaching the stages fast, but this was definitely a down point. Though it was interesting to fall asleep to Grave Diggers night concert, only to wake up during Rebellion as that one featured Van Canto again. One last pit Because we could, we went to the Wackinger Village on Saturday again to see Harpyie one last time. Just like the day before it was fun, even though we were still exhausted. Though that did not keep us from attending more concerts. This time the others waited for us and together we went to see Alestorm at the Party Stage. At some point people around us decided to sit down and create a rowing pit and the guys thought this funny so we were quite literally pushed into the pit. Grabbing the shoulders of the person before you, you were then pushed back and forth by the one behind you – at least Fairy and I were because we did not have the strength to do any rowing ourselves. Even more exhausted than before we just went to get something to drink during their last songs, while trying not to get involved in any more pits. On the way to the bar, we even passed one of my former fellow students (the one from the MPS) and had a very long conversation that pretty much consisted of the words „Hi“ and „Water“. Refreshed we then contemplated to either participate in the signing session of Harpyie or listen to Die Apokalyptischen Reiter. We decided for the first and had some interesting discussions with a couple of people. At first we wanted to know which row was the right one to enter. The guy from the staff looked at us and wondered out loud how much we had drunken that day and suggested we might start doing that when we told him that we didn’t had any alcohol during the whole festival. Our next quest was then to find pen and paper to write down a note for Harpyie singer Aello, regarding their song Blutsbrüder and the Soundtrack of Warlords. Just when we found one and had already scribbled the note we remembered that Fairy had business cards with her and we changed it to that (The whole encounter can be read in link from above with the recording). As it looked like rain we brought our newly acquired autographs to the car, thus missing out on Sonata Arctica, but instead we did not get wet when the rain poured down shortly afterwards. This little rain caused some of our camp-mates to leave early. It was nothing compared to what we went through the year before and they lived far closer to the Festival than we did, still they went home and our group shrunk significantly. Though through this we had some time to get to know the remaining people. When the rain was gone we returned to the Stage Area with our camping chairs. We did not feel like entering so we sat outside watching Alice Cooper, Nightwish and Lingua Mortis feat. Rage through the Video Walls. The concerts were great and I have to say, that I quite enjoyed the then new singer of Nightwish, as she was better at singing the songs of their original singer Tarja than the one before her. Alice of course gave us a great show again, with his many on-stage deaths and also some new costume choices for our dear Lord of Hell. Fairy really wanted to see Rage, but by the time they started it had gotten quite cold, so after their first (fifteen minutes long) song we decided to call it a day and hear their songs from afar, which wasn’t easy thanks to Megabosh, but later on we heard Subway to Sally while drifting off to sleep. I choose you, Right Foot! On Sunday it was time to leave again, but not without having a few last adventures. From all the Festivals I’ve been at, is Wacken the filthiest one and you can see that by simply walking across the Camping Area. And if you have hours to wait until your car is able to leave the ground you can enjoy the view even more. Though I do have to admit that we later realized that we forgot to pack in the small gas bottles for our camping cooker we had stored beneath the car. Otherwise our camp was one of the cleanest. Much unlike the chaos in our car, as you can see in the two pictures below. Everything was neatly stacked when we first arrived and everything was in utter chaos when we had to re-organize the car towards the end. The satnav said something about traffic congestions close to Itzhö – which we then realised to mean Itzehoe, the town close to Wacken – and everyone drove quite slowly, myself included.One of those slow drivers was infuriation Fairy. He seemed to simply be unable to find his gas pedal and just when she was about to pass him, he did indeed discover it. And as we had spent our first drive with listening to the old Pokémon Soundtrack the following fight occurred: PP: „A wild Gas Pedal appears. It wants to fight“ DF: „I choose you, Right Foot! Kick Attack!“ PP: „The attack was very effective. The wild Gas Pedal uses Acceleration. The attack was very effective.“ DF: „Ra..Pöng..pöpö…pöng… *rumble jangle getting slower* The wild Gas Pedal fainted.“ After ten hours we then finally made it to Fairy’s home and told everyone who wanted and did not want to hear it our tales of the Festival. Last year and this years Wacken was sold out quite fast (14: 48h; 15: 18h) so I didn’t went last year and don’t think I will this year either. Thanks to that I managed to have a look at some other Festivals that were quite nice and I know, I still need to give you a review about them. Well, I don’t know when I will attend this Festival again, but I guess some day I might.

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Who is it for: Professional virtual reality content makers that want to create very top quality video for VR with an easy to use system. Insta360 nano iphone 12 . Insta360 Titan – Insta360 Nano Iphone 12 If you are serious about shooting motion picture quality 360 video clip for VR after that the Titan is the most effective video camera around. Insta360 nano iphone 12 . The Titan features an selection of Micro 4/3 lenses that collaborate to shoot 11K 360 video clip. You will certainly be able to shoot excellent quality immersive video also in low light scenarios. You can also shoot 10K 360 Video in 3D for the ultimate immersive experience. The Titan blows every other electronic camera out of the water in regards to raw high quality and also the capacity to produce immersive video clip. Insta360 nano iphone 12 . Seeing back video clip shot with the Titan on a virtual reality headset will certainly be the very best watching experience feasible now. 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First and foremost, it’s the home of their AAA first dedicated boutique, which sits within walking distance everything is within walking distance in Zermatt of Breitling and Hublot boutiques, as well as authorized dealers for Rolex, Patek, and others. Presented during LVMH Watch Week 2022, the Big Bang Integral Time Only, at 40 mm x 9. But the Moonwork is no ordinary moon phase display. It avoids the usual one-dimensional display of a slowly rotating disc but instead utilises light and shadow to show the age of the moon. In fact, the display is a more accurate reproduction of the Moon’s motion from a conceptual standpoint, since the replica watches for sale Moon itself can be seen observed due to the interplay between light and dark. Integrated rubber strap HNBR with steel pin/buckle with Brellum logo Despite the apparent simplicity however, the Dive Watch is deceptively complicated to build. 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The clasp is secure, the bracelet is thick but light, and the overall craftsmanship and quality of the watch is very high. As mentioned the 2021 AMG collaboration is also in a titanium case, but was with a carbon fibre dial and in 43mm. The dial layout is also pure Breitling with three chronograph sub-dials and bold numerals in a ‘stencil’ style. These are easily recognizable with four lines of text squeezed above 6 o’clock. Additional testing went on to reveal that only 67 per cent of the pills originally thought to contain MDMA were found to be a relatively pure dose, prompting further action from the health and research community. The Dubai Watch Week Horology Forum Edition “Moves New York” on Sept. 24-25 – Monochrome Watches Fico Fico has been blurring the lines between usa fine dining and jomashop bistro since it opened its doors in 2016, taking a replica watches for sale in usa rightful place as one of the best restaurants in Hobart. 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Going through the spec-sheet of the new IWC Pilot’s Watch Mark XX reveals touch-ups in areas beyond just the design. Urwerk 1001 Replica Watches For Sale In Usa The challenging program of tests included wear notably a 10-year accelerated aging who sells the best replica watches of parts, water resistance tests, torsional tests, flex tests and last but not least, hours and hours spent testing shock resistance, especially using the notorious pendulum Charpy impact test, which certifies resistance to acceleration exceeding 5, 000 g’s you can find more information on these tests in our feature article ” Richard Mille factories tour “. In my opinion, the optional steel bracelet on the black Tank Must looks amazing, and the combination is a dream to wear. The case, measuring a sizable 43mm × 50. When I compare the hairline scratches on the case to the perfectly clean crystal, I can appreciate the hardness of sapphire. 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I mean they’re both fashionable and practical – in case you ever forget your own initials. I usually look to Fellows for watches that are truly off the beaten path and find Rolex Replicas For Sale Amazon that there is almost always a reddit good selection of rolex copy watches for sale vintage “ladies watches” with particularly good estimates. Operating on the same DOS2 software ecosystem as the Devialet Phantom and Devialet Dione, users can also control every audio feature through the Devialet App, including a personalised copy equaliser, available for Android and iPhone. Modernity and safety first Contemporary features include rolex replicas for sale amazon the shape of the case, the sturdy three-link Block bracelet with a quick-adjust Slide Clasp, and the very comfortable rubber strap with a folding clasp. Soon, I found the cheap G-Shock GLX 5600RT Rolex Replicas For Sale Amazon 4ER, in bright orange. Most importantly, the competition is only valid for Australian residents , so while we love our friends overseas can we have a Rivian please? The ultra-thin self-winding caliber 5134 has never had a more fittingly future-proof case. Don’t get me wrong, I’m as excited as anyone to see the developments in thin watchmaking to the point that a watch can rival the height of a translucent potato chip. I don’t believe within the next year or two we will see many micro brands using these movements, unless in a small quantity. 45mm length and the big-dial-to-case ratio make 34mm a truly elegant sweet spot. 5mm Bi-Color with its flagship in-house Calibre buy 400 automatic movement. But that’s not the ultimate sports tool watch. But first and foremost, I wanted to know why he was selling this gold Moonwatch. ACM: How do you introduce yourself? What’s on your business card, should you still carry such a thing? DC: First, I just tell them I’m a writer. 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Hebrew secular calendar Home Watch Brands rolex replicas for sale Breitling IWC Omega Rolex Tudor Small Watches — Are They Only For The Hardcore Aficionados? Watch Talk Breitling IWC Omega Rolex Tudor But that is just my personal taste and, at 33mm, this isn’t at all a dealbreaker for me, given the overall fun and composed wearing experience. However, this website does give you who sells the option to play as many rounds of Heardle as you want, and also gives you different Heardle themes to play, like Heardle 90s, TayHeardle Taylor Swift Heardle, Harry Styles Heardle and more. They will then step into the barber’s chair for a free shave to cop either who sells the rugged stubble goatee of good guy Ryan Gosling or the iconic trash ‘stache of bad guy Chris Evans. Corum Bubble 47 Automatic Aiirroh Box The pointed baton-style handset is also carried over from the Endeavour series, although joining the trio is a fourth arrow-shaped 24-hour hand, which is finished bright orange and is somewhat reminiscent of the style of GMT-hand found on the current generation of the Rolex Explorer II. However, if you just need something that tells time, and you just happen to want to have a few of your favorite albums with you at all times, the Xonix MP3 watch could be exactly what you’re looking for. Approaching the blank grid of squares can feel daunting, but one good way to go about it is firstly choosing a word that has plenty of vowels to kick you off on the right foot.

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Housing, It’s a Human Right (Part 1) A 3-Part Series on the digital accessibility of the housing process experienced by people with disabilities. -part series, we will look at the challenges and rewards of the entire experience surrounding the process of acquiring housing for people who live with a disability. We will look at: Buying an existing home an apartment or home Building a new home options have some similarities and many differences. We will recap the -part blog series with a webinar where and I ( ) will have a conversation about my firsthand experience with all scenarios, and can answer any questions about the process.. Who is this blog posting for? We hope that anyone interested in digital accessibility will find this series of value, but more specifically, the blog applies directly to the following groups. Business professionals in the housing industry working with customers or providing platforms to support home ownership. Technology professionals focusing on the apps, websites, and electronic document resources that drive the entire process from locating, financing, closing, and moving to making the process work efficiently for people of all abilities. program leaders looking for opportunities to improve their organization’s overall experience for people interested in buying or leasing a home. People living with a disability that are interested in participating in the process to own or lease a home. Buying A Home, “the Before we get started, let’s set the stage so you can have some awareness and background on my experience. For those who may have not followed any of my blog postings, I am blind (no vision), am a screen reader user and have worked in . Technology and accessibility are my passion, as well as inclusion of the disabled in I purchased my piece of property in and eventually built a home on it, moving into it in . I lived there for enjoying home ownership until when a change was in order. More about that change in part . I purchased a and am currently finishing up the construction of my home. While I have never purchased an existing home, I have gone through the process to purchase land and have been through the home buying process with many friends and family members. Along this most recent journey I found myself needing to rent temporary lodging so I leased an apartment and went through an interesting experience which you will learn about in part last point of interest. I am doing this for the most part as a single individual. There is no spouse or partner to share in the responsibility of the entire process which has its advantages and disadvantages. I do have a lot of good friends that have been very helpful, but if you ask them about my adventure they would tell you did it all which will lead to many stories of challenges doing things alone as an individual who is gifted with unique abilities. Selecting A Realtor While it is technically possible to locate and purchase a home without a realtor, the majority of people acquire the services of a professional real estate agent. Finding a realtor is really the step in buying a home. People with disabilities should ask around for recommendations, interview professionals, and make it clear up front any disability of concern and the challenges it could pose and what the expectations are. The more someone communicates up front their needs the better the outcome will be. If someone has any hesitancy working with you, move on to another professional as there are a lot of realtors out there you can work with. I got lucky locating my realtor who sold my home through a friend, but it was very helpful that my realtor’s broker had a son who had a disability so her team of professionals was very in-tune with what challenges a disability can pose and how to find creative ways to work around each opportunity we faced. The home buying process is filled with a lot of negotiating, compromising and communicating. People will be spending a lot of time working with their realtor searching for the right property and going through the buying process all the way through the final closing. The realtor needs to be comfortable working with someone with unique abilities and challenges and the client needs to be confident their chosen professional can help with the ultimate goal of home ownership. things they will do is send you a lot of documents to review and sign, making them your agent. Hopefully this works out well with the documents being made accessible and the document signing process is easy. You will most likely be given materials in a format but you may be directed to a website depending on how the agent is set up. This is your chance to see how digital accessibility will impact your journey and will give you an opportunity to see how your agent handles initial bumps in the road. For me, when selling my home, the bump happened when I was told the agent previously used a particular electronic signing tool but had recently changed to another. I knew the original tool was accessible from experience, so I explained the potential challenge and they decided it wasn’t worth the risk. They reactivated the original tool and we used it for all our signing interactions. The signing process has to be accessible and has to work because for most interactions with the agent, and there will be many, all signing is performed electronically. The only time I was executing hardcopy(wet signatures) was at the final closing. Question Point: Realtors should be thinking about the accessibility of their online documents and tools for clients who may be challenged with electronic content. Websites that provide property information need to be accessible as well as the files and electronic signature software used in the home buying process. While someone can search for properties on-line themselves, your realtor will be doing a lot of that leg work for you once they understand the requirements. Ultimately, they will be sending links to listings on different platforms that hopefully will be accessible. There are many platforms out there so hopefully both parties can agree on particular platforms that are accessible and easy to use in order to review properties prior to in-person visits. Some popular sites are Zillow, RedFin and . These sites are filled with pictures which for many are useful but for someone like me who can’t see, of little use unless the realtor or a friend is assisting. This is where buying land has its benefits because there isn’t usually a lot to see other than trees and grass. These sites do have a lot of text-based content as well that include home attributes, room sizes, neighborhood and school information, which can be helpful. Question Point: Is your home search website accessible to the who live with some form of a disability? Picking the Right Neighborhood Once you’ve selected a realtor that you are comfortable working with, location is the next big item to cross off your list. This is another area where a real estate professional can assist. Here are some questions that should be considered: Is there a certain part of town, near work or family, that is of interest? Is the ability to get transportation important? When I purchased my property, proximity to my employer was very important along with the ability to use paratransit. I was very lucky to find a property to build on that would be compatible with my home’s attributes— available to paratransit and close to work. When all those elements aligned, I immediately purchased and stayed there for those reasons. Is the neighborhood conducive to traveling on foot? When looking at neighborhoods, look at the availability of sidewalks and traffic patterns. Will someone be able to feel comfortable going out for a walk? Does the neighborhood provide a sense of security? Does the neighborhood support the types of housing options that meet the requirements? Single family, townhome, duplex, high-rise condominium? Is a homeowner’s association ( ) to govern how the neighborhood is managed important? If relocating to a new community, is that particular community’s website accessible? For larger cities does the local government have an accessibility department? Here in , I can say we do and I do use their services when facing a challenge with accessibility of either physical or digital nature. A good realtor can help their client with many of these questions. Many neighborhoods and communities have websites dedicated to the area, so make sure to the area you are looking at, especially if there is an . Try to talk to people who live in that neighborhood to hear more detail on what it is like living there. Question Point: Does the home/property owners’ association, or local government website or mobile app meet WCAG standards? Can they provide information in an accessible format? Local government is mandated to be accessible under ADA Title 2 . (Private HOA/POA WCAG compliance?) Finding The Perfect Home Once someone has a realtor and a location selected, the next step is to determine what kind of home feels right. Is a yard important, or is a townhome more desirable? story or multi-story. What amenities are high on the list for the home to contain? Is a home that is accessible for someone in a wheelchair, or other special requirements that not all homes may have, a must? Is a newly built or existing home a requirement? Many on-line real estate sites do mention accessibility features of the home. There is a lot to consider when deciding on the right home, so start making a list of your requirements. Which requirements are mandatory and which are nice to have. Share this list with your realtor. I have been fortunate to build my last homes so I am able to design the attributes I want in a home for someone who is blind. There will be more about my builds in part Question Point: Do large new home builders consider accessibility of their homes for the with a disability? Do builders ensure their websites that showcase their new properties, features and plans meet WCAG standards? Financing the Purchase Unfortunately, for most buyers, financing your purchase will be a requirement. This brings an additionally lengthy process filled with checklists, forms and approvals. Selecting a lender will be steps. You have many options. From local banks and credit unions, to national mortgage companies and mortgage brokers. These selections are worthy of a conversation with your realtor. I opted for a local credit union for my interactions because I value the ability to interact with people in my community and the value of the credit union model when building is easier to deal with an organization that is local in my opinion. When looking at financial institutions to deal with, the thought should be to inquire with a bank or credit union that you already have a relationship with about their mortgage products. Already knowing what the accessibility of that institution is like gives you the benefit of not having to identify alternative financial institutions that may not be as accessible. If you are looking at other options for financial institutions, you should start by test driving their public facing interfaces to get a feel for their ability to put forward an accessible public experience. Read their accessibility statements and check out their willingness to have a <feedback mechanism> to report problems. Be warned though that many financial institutions, even the largest, may have sides to their online presence. What I am referring to is the fact that organizations may have their website for regular financial transactions like checking accounts, auto loans and credit cards, but will then move you off to a mortgage processing site for application processing and loan management when you are closing. The experience between the bank’s main site and the mortgage processor (often a vendor) they use can be different. This could make your accessibility experience different as well. You may initially be looking at an accessible page showing mortgage rates and terms but the entire application process may be on a different platform that has a different level of accessibility conformance. When talking with a financial institution, ask about their level of accessibility if that is important to you and let them know of any requirements you have like accessible statements, mobile apps or website pages. Once a lender is chosen, the application process comes next. This will almost always contain lengthy documents to read and sign. Here is where accessible electronic signature signing software is critical for a good experience. Not all electronic signing software is created equal, so be careful not to presume even if a is readable that you will be able to sign if you’re a screen reader user. When documents are accessible and the electronic signature software is also compliant with digital accessibility standards, it can provide a very positive experience for the loan applicant who has a disability and uses assistive technology. Financial transactions, such as loans, that require income disclosures on applications are very personal and not always conducive to having friends or family members help. Would you want your Sister or to be able to review your tax return? In some cases, no, but this is what happens when people who are disabled have to rely on family for financial transactions when accessibility is not accounted for. Question Point: Are financial institutions such as banks, credit unions and mortgage companies working to provide a compliant and accessible experience for their customers to include those with disabilities? Submitting a Bid Once the pre-approval process for the loan has gone through, it is time to get serious about looking at properties. After the perfect home is narrowed down, it is time to enter a bid. This is normally handled by the real estate professional, but will most likely require you to electronically sign a simple document and hope for the best that your offer is accepted. This is also the part in the process where negotiating price, closing dates and other important requests from both the buyer and the seller are hammered out and a final sales agreement is put together for review.. It’s important to get your requests in writing and agreed upon by both sides. At this point, everything needs to be in writing and your Realtor should be drafting documents for your review and approval. A lot of back and forth should be expected, most likely all information will be provided in format, along with a substantial amount of digital signatures. Another key factor for why accessible digital signature software is a must. Question Point: Is the electronic signature software used by your organization accessible? Does your company test the electronic signature software you sell business professionals for digital accessibility? Once a contract has been accepted, there will be a period for review and inspection of the home. This is to ensure the property is properly represented and any issues or concerns can be discovered. A realtor can guide their client to appropriate inspection professionals who can review and report on the condition of the property. This inspection process can take , days, and even . The purchaser should be present for certain parts of the inspection, particularly near the end, in order to receive the report and ask any questions. Before hiring an inspection professional, ask how they will communicate their findings. Will they provide a hardcopy written report or an electronic report? Will the report be accessible? Will they take time to review the problems discovered? Be up front again with any challenges that might cause communication problems and make sure to work with a professional that is flexible and willing to accommodate a person with a disability. Question Point: As a home inspector professional are you ready to work with someone with a disability that may require an interpreter or the need for documents to be accessible or converted to some form of an accessible document? Prior to closing, a very important item on the checklist will be purchasing homeowners insurance. If the property is being mortgaged, the financial institution will require their investment in the property to be protected by insurance. If you already have a relationship with an insurance agent or company, the process to receive a quote, approve, and pay for the policy should be straightforward. If this is your time in the home buying process you will need to research the market for insurance and review insurance company sites to find one that is both accessible and inclusive of your needs. Question Point: Are insurance professionals ensuring their websites, apps and documents are accessible to those customers who use assistive technology? It’s almost time for the transfer of ownership, including those all-important keys! Like choosing a realtor, you most likely have a choice in the title company used for the transaction. Make sure the title company is aware of any special needs you have and the ability to read and sign documents electronically. While closing is most likely still conducted in a room with paper documents, prior to the closing date, the title company will be sending a lot of documentation for review and signature. This will disclose a lot of figures and totals that you will be responsible for. The title company will also provide documentation on any binding contracts you enter into if you are a part of a property or homeowners’ association. If these documents aren’t accessible, you will need to find a way to obtain the information whether that means reading it aloud or having somebody present to help with review. Buying real estate comes with lots of risks and everyone needs to know their responsibilities. I had a great experience with my title company, so much so that I used them for the sale of my previous property and the purchase of my new property. Again, it was luck that the agent at the title company had a son with autism, so she was very aware of how important it was to be inclusive of people with different abilities. She was very accommodating and assured me that the electronic signature software was accessible. On , she booked additional time to make sure she could go over and read each printed document I would be signing. Remember there is always a choice as long as you communicate your needs early and ensure everyone understands the requirements in order to be successful. At this point in the game, a good realtor should also be aware of the need for accessibility and be able to communicate to other colleagues working with them to help make closing a smooth and stress-free process. Question Point: Are title companies aware of the needs of people with disabilities when it comes to how they conduct business? The Pre-Move Process Prior to moving, a lot has to happen. Most importantly, having utilities turned on and readily available. Your realtor can be a good source for listings of utility companies that serve the property being purchased. Each organization will need to be contacted and their process for verification: personal information, credit check, and other forms of verification will need to be completed to get accounts set up for things like electricity, water, garbage service and internet. Each organization will have a different level of accessibility, so your experiences will vary. In many cases, utilities are controlled by some form of local government, so there is a chance that accessibility is already a consideration. This is where knowing if a local government accessibility office exists may help in resolving any accessibility related issues. Question Point: Do public and private utility companies understand they need to be accessible to all customers including those with disabilities? Closing is complete and the loan has been funded. Keys are in hand and it is time to move. Prior to this point, most people have made arrangements for movers of some sort. If a professional moving team is being used, make sure to communicate special needs, get estimates in writing and ensure the review process is also accessible. If the documents aren’t accessible or you can’t electronically sign, ask for accommodation. Make sure they have awareness of any challenges that may be encountered on moving day upfront. Moving day can be stressful, I know. The movers will swarm in and do quick, maybe even hasty, work of moving things and loading them into the truck. If you can’t see, things can be moved that you didn’t mean to move, everything is fair game. Have a plan and give clear directions at the very beginning. Don’t wait to let movers know that the grandfather clock can’t be loaded until the very end. Home Ownership Is So Rewarding Once your move is complete and you’re in your new space, it is very rewarding. I guess after everything is unpacked. At this point, you can look back at the accomplishment of a large project being finished and look forward to many years enjoying your new surroundings. It’s clear that the process of buying a new home is complex, lengthy and filled with many opportunities for a variety of organizations to make a good experience a reality for people with different abilities, as long as good digital accessibility practices are exercised. Expect bumps in the road, have backup plans and don’t be afraid to ask for accommodations when an experience has accessibility issues. The home buying project is a major life event filled with many opportunities for stress and joy. Take , and each challenge, one at a time. Remember that every interaction with people and the organizations helping you along your home buying effort is at a different point in their digital accessibility journey so your experiences will vary. Look at each experience as an opportunity to educate and advocate for home ownership of people of all abilities.

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The Alexander Technique teaches how to recognize and overcome habituated limitations within a person's manner of movement and thinking. The first and most common limitation addressed is unnecessary muscular tension.The Alexander Technique is usually learned from an Alexander Technique teacher in one-on-one sessions by an Alexander student, using specialized hand contact and verbal instructions. Alexander Technique is also taught in groups, often using short individual lessons in turn as examples to the rest of the class.The name denotes both the educational methods taught by Alexander teachers and the individual method practiced by teachers and students of the technique. It takes its name from F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), a former Shakespearean recitalist, who first observed and formulated its principles between 1890 and 1900. Alexander was a Shakespearean orator who developed problems with his voice. Careful observation with multiple mirrors revealed that he needlessly stiffened his whole body in a particular habitual pattern in preparation to recite or speak. It took ten years of self-observation to successfully apply his original discoveries to solve his voice problem. Eventually, he fashioned a "Technique" to teach others and pass on his experiences. Alexander regarded the empirical scientific method to be the foundation of his work. He used self-observation and reasoning to make effortless the physical acts of every-day movement: sitting, standing, walking, using the hands and speaking. He designed his methods to make experimentation and training deliberately repeatable, and to learn in a way that would allow continuing improvement from any starting point. F.M. Alexander trained teachers of his technique from 1931 until 1955 in London, UK and from 1941 to 1943 in Massachusetts, USA, together with his brother, A.R. Alexander (1874–1947), who continued with the training of teachers in the USA until 1945. His works continues today in a lineage that has expanded from many lifetime dedications to his ideas. During his lifetime, F.M. Alexander gained considerable support for his work from many contemporaries including John Dewey, Aldous Huxley, George Bernard Shaw, and scientists Raymond Dart, George E. Coghill, Charles Sherrington, and Nikolaas Tinbergen. The Alexander Technique educates the student's sense of kinesthesia or proprioception. This sense is used to internally calibrate one's own bodily location, weight and to judge the effort necessary for moving. The Alexander Technique also educates how to more fully carry intent into action with reasoning and constructive thinking techniques. These may demand a re-evaluation of the priority and value of motives that drove the goal-setting of past habits that the student must resolve. All Alexander teachers advocate the value of effortlessness and practical structure. Alexander Technique teachers believe that humans have a built-in proprioceptive blind spot: people become habituated to repetitive motions. Repetitious circumstances lead people to create habits as they adapt and learn. These habits are both deliberate and non-deliberate responses that include physical movement patterns, coping and learning strategies. The advantage of adapting is that behavior and learning becomes simplified; it becomes possible to meet a given stimulus or interpretation of circumstances with a ready-made reaction. As a person adds one habit onto another, the disadvantage is they may train themselves to also repeat unintentional side effects - the tension, over-compensation and cumulative stress that the Alexander Technique addresses. Adapting has a further serious drawback: habits diminish sensation. Using the habit decreases the importance of paying attention to perceptual differences. Also, sensory systems can flood from accommodating too many contradicting habits and intentions. From disuse or flooding, perceptual sensitivity shuts down and eventually becomes dull and untrustworthy, just as skin becomes numb if the same spot is rubbed. Loss of perceptual awareness encourages mistaken interpretations for the need to choose a particular response. In a panic, all opposing habits can fire off at once, pulling in all directions, sometimes without the person noticing it has happened. Because habits are designed to disappear to become innate, people will commonly experience no sensation of doing a successfully automated habit. Forgetting what they have trained themselves to now do 'without thinking', this drawback encourages people to feel convinced that whatever effort or ways they now use to move to respond is customary and necessary, even when it is far from normal. How our kinesthetic sense becomes untrustworthy from adapting to needless overcompensating is built into many innocent situations. People form habits that are driven by goals that seem useful at the time. For instance, if a person often carries a bag on their forearm, he will later find himself holding up his arm when the bag is not on it. Misunderstanding a teacher's directions, a student may repeat what the teacher knows is unnecessary, but the teacher forgivingly allows the mistake to go by when he should not. So the student may unknowingly adopt useless or later problematic mannerisms. If someone is afraid while learning, adapting can mean he will most likely continue doing the skill fearfully. If someone has healed from a temporary injury, a habit of wincing in anticipation of pain can be automatically continued indefinitely, even though pain has healed. Due to rapid growth, teenagers often move their own bodies based on inaccurate assumptions of their size and structure. A rapidly growing tall 13 year old may think 'I'm too tall' and stoop to shorten themselves. According to Alexander teachers, few adults in Western culture retain their ability to move freely without needless self-imposed interference. Given an unceasing cumulative demand that unnecessarily stresses the body’s structural design, the price as adults grow older can range from feelings of stress and resignation to very real physical problems, due to movement limitations that could be changed. According to those who teach Alexander Technique, most of the time, giving up a certain activity isn't necessary if a learner is ready to free specific habits that work against the body's structural design. As a technique addressing the entirety of a person's activity, the Alexander Technique aims to benefit people of all sorts. Its proponents, including many well known actors, musicians and educators believe that its practice results in improved awareness, objectivity and the connection between body and mind, ease of movement, improved balance, stamina and less muscular tension. Additionally, those who practice it often report that it gives them an enhanced ability to clarify their thinking, observations and the ability to choose new responses. Proponents further see the technique as a way to use less effort for movement and thus perform more efficiently, feel easier, look more graceful and free themselves from unintentional self-imposed limitations. It is applied both remedially and in the areas of performing arts and sports. It is taught in performance schools of dance, acting, circus, music, voice and some Olympic sports. Since Alexander Technique is suitable for those at any fitness level, it is also used as remedial movement education to complete recovery and provide pain management. The Alexander Technique is regarded as a movement form incorporated into NIA (Neuromuscular Integrative Action). Alexander Technique is a first-hand experience of the reality of body/mind unity. Its principles apply to movement, psychology, creative thinking, learning theory and styles of coaching, training and effective communication for teachers and directors. Although the Alexander Technique is considered by those in its field to be primarily educational - taught in a student/teacher relationship as compared to being a treatment regimen between client and practitioner - it is regarded by the United Kingdom National Health Service to offer an alternative and complementary management for many medical complaints. A partial list is: back problems, unlearning and avoiding Repetitive Strain Injury, improving ergonomics, stuttering, speech training and voice loss, mobility for those with Parkinson's disease, posture or balance problems, or to complete recovery from injury as an adjunct to Physical therapy. AT has also been known to help performers with getting past the plateau effect (despite trying, no improvement,) performance anxiety, getting beyond a supposed "lack of talent" and to sharpen discrimination and description ability. It has also helped people control unwanted reactions, phobias and depression. Of course, applications are very subjective and personal by nature; many testimonies exist on the Internet. See STAT link below for scientific studies. Note that Alexander Technique is regarded to be a helpful adjunct to traditional medical treatment regimens and not as a substitute for them. Students often describe the immediate effect of an Alexander lesson as both being unusual, and also strangely familiar. During hands-on lessons, pupils have reported an immediate feeling of a "state of grace," despite their inability to evoke or sustain this state by themselves. Other reported experiences include hearing their own voice sounding different, feeling lighter or having a temporary disorientation of where their body is located spatially. Though most students experience these perceptual paradoxes as feeling good, students are often admonished by teachers to regard their sensations as not worth trying to repeat. Students learn to avoid end-gaining, meaning, to resist going directly for results using one’s habit. Instead students are to allow themselves the room to use the deliberate new processes of experimenting proscribed by the Technique, called means whereby. For this reason students must continue practice of AT without expectation or reinforcement of feeling themselves changing, because their senses may not yet be awake enough to register the crucial subtle adjustments. Improved sensitivity can be trained or reawakened by sustained practice, but this takes patience. The learner may at different times still paradoxically experience both states; the unusual sensory effects described above during a progressive leap ahead; and a sense of nothing happening when gradual progress is, in fact, taking place. Evidence of change is sought in verifiable outside feedback; using a mirror; by noting, comparing, or describing differences of the relative location of one's eyes, balance or weight changes; a change in the sound of one's voice or the effects on one’s objectives, props or environment. Alexander teachers have been educated to perceive, observe and articulate very subtle but crucial differences influencing motion. They offer this education and feedback to their students. Students learn to change small crucial differences that influence long-term effects if repeated over time. Depending on the causes of limitations, structural posture may or may not improve, but freedom of motion should always improve during the lesson with a teacher. To take improvements away from the class, the dedication of later remembering to attentively experiment is required on the part of the learner. A willingness to experiment is key to gaining continuing results. Remembering to use Alexander Technique to get its benefits is required, but not a special practice activity; merely an experimental, thinking moment while doing any other action. Of course, the longer these moments of awareness can be sustained, the greater the effect over time. Alexander Technique can be practiced while doing any other activity. Practice at any time while awake will result in its benefits. Curiosity, a willingness to experiment and recognition of gradual improvement are the attitudes that most effectively bring attention to the continuous possible choices of response that momentarily arise. Practice should be unnoticed by others due to the fact that it's an internal process of personal sensory experience. Unlike many similar self-improvement regimens, the Alexander Technique is not a series of exercises. Rather, it teaches inter-related principles for human response, such as directions, which are the governing characteristics of how people can use their own bodies easier to perform their objectives. Which motions, actions and criteria someone might apply for an activity that could benefit from practice will range from the most simple and mundane motions to the most strenuously demanding physical challenges. Alexander Technique may not be effective for everyone. It requires the student to work at a somewhat paradoxical goal that is, at first, based on the teacher's (or classmates') perception of success. Habits are often tied to self-image, emotions and cultural assumptions. The student must be willing and able to challenge the validity and criteria of their assumptions, judgments and motives. Because of this, the road of learning can be rocky. It's difficult to change that which cannot be perceived.In rare occasions, undoing habits may trigger possibly unpleasant "unresolved" emotions that originally justified the habitual remedies, perhaps requiring additional professional help. Some ingrained habit patterns seem to have a sense of self-preservation that objects to its possible lack of importance. There can be a time during mid-learning when the student can't yet reliably sustain the new ways of moving he prefers. What used to feel comfortable instead becomes experienced as an unpleasantly heavy, pressured sagging sensation. It's a stage where every posture the student can assume seems to have something wrong with it. Often the student constantly notices other people around them are always stiff and slumping. It seems that once the door to perception is open, there is no going back to unselfconsciousness. If the student feels he cannot continue lessons at this point, perhaps sampling a number of teachers from different teaching styles is advisable rather than quitting altogether. Alexander Technique will not solve structural problems such as arthritis or alter bone structure. However, many adult students have reported a gaining up to an inch in height after a few months of regular lessons. Proof the Alexander Technique works has only been verified in rare previous and current scientific research, notably that of Frank Pierce Jones. His scholarly articles are collected in the book Frank Pierce Jones: Collected Writings on the Alexander Technique, Boston (Alexander Technique Archives, Inc.), 1998. Results in neuroscience and current movement gait lab research on the effects and function of body motion are promising. Meanwhile, UK medical communities recognize the effectiveness of the Technique, though is still often classified as pseudo-scientific in other countries. Progress in learning is unlimited. Most teachers consider twenty to forty lessons to be required before the new principles can be applied to specific activities by the student. Speed of learning seems to depend on the motivation to shed outdated habits, and the persistence of the learner to confront the power of their own habits with resolve, clear thinking and new responses. During daily lessons in a workshop environment, a rare fast learner can gain rapid functionality in a matter of a few weeks. The fastest learners are often people who are motivated by gaining freedom from chronic pain, or someone recovering from injury who can now again devote themselves to a beloved art or skill. The reason Alexander Technique takes so long to learn is because the kinesthetic sense is often the most "taken for granted" and habitually ingrained. The student is often without words for the qualities in themselves that are changing. Teachers train “pupils” in a personalized, living anatomy lesson. Most use a specialized hands-on technique of guided modeling to show what they mean. Even if only briefly for group classes, movement is guided with very light, one-on-one hand contact, usually about the student's head, neck and back. The value of effortlessness is advocated. Coaching the substitution of more appropriate, specific ways to detour limitations are also suggested. As anyone knows who has tried substitution strategies against a habit, there are often more complex paradoxes involved, because habits can be tricky. Alexander Technique addresses these concerns, tailoring how to establish personally constructive experimentation uniquely for each student. Most commonly at the beginning of lessons, teachers may suggest activities that are routine, such as walking or sitting. For part of the lesson, some teachers have learners lie on a table, so the student can experience the principles in action without having to pay attention to maintaining balance, called table work. Working on oneself while lying semi-supine with knees up is taught to be used while taking a break during the student's workday. Depending on the student's purposes, the teacher might later suggest simulating a particularly stressful situation for using Alexander Technique under pressure, such as acting, public speaking, shouting or other demanding performance. Teaching methods vary; all have in common guided discovery of easier, more positive ways to carry intention into physical action and how to recognize and prevent outdated habits from derailing intended results. To begin lessons, there is no prerequisite level of fitness or movement ability. Alexander Technique is most often taught in private lessons. Group, shared lessons and workshops are recently becoming more common - especially as an adjunct to a specialized art, sport or skill and as required curriculum in music & drama colleges. Because the Alexander Technique can be taught and practiced during any activity, some teachers leave the choice of activity up to the student. Many Alexander teachers also have additional specialties; such as teaching children in grade school, Repetitive strain injury or pain management. Some teach Alexander Technique with an additional professional skill, such as being a speech or physical therapist or yoga teacher. AT may also be included as an adjunct to improve a sport, as in horsemanship, running or golf. However, the Alexander teacher does not need to be trained in the specific skill, sport or activity for its benefits to be experienced. Training for being a teacher of Alexander Technique involves more than 1600+ hours of classes over at least a three-year period. Teacher trainees must qualify to graduate; attendance is not a guarantee of becoming a teacher. Trainees are evaluated for the presence of a signature of effortlessness and freedom in themselves and the quality of their touch. Alexander Technique's unexpected poise should be an immediate shared fact for both teacher and student in every hands-on Alexander lesson. After qualifying, most professional teaching associations require continuing development courses. The UK professional Alexander teaching organizations and some trained by them believe the public should beware of inadequately trained impostors, because there are no laws that require legal certification of AT teachers. The necessary skill to teach is impossible to "fake" - a fact obviously witnessed by those with the professional skill to see it in action but not by the general public. Regardless of what other body science or holistic therapy experience someone who claims Alexander Technique knowledge may have, if he has not qualified at a professional teacher-training course in an establishment approved by a recognized professional AT organization, he is not a certified professional Alexander teacher. Professional organizations generally advise checking references of any teacher you might consider studying with. F.M. Alexander and his brother A.R. Alexander often stressed that The Technique could not be acquired without the active cognitive participation of a student and the help of a suitably qualified instructor trained in the hands-on technique, deceptive self awareness being the significant effect of sensory adaptation. Most Alexander teachers today agree, but F.M. and A.R. did it first alone. So theoretically it is possible to learn without a teacher, although some properly trained help obviates many common pitfalls. Alexander Technique is difficult to describe and teach in words because it requires description of subjective kinesthetic sensations and momentary situations, as well as the ability to perceive them. Most people have little conscious awareness of kinesthetic sensation and not much to say if asked to describe what happens as they move. The possibility of moving in an easier way most often emerges as a surprise from underneath a learner's current sensory ability to command it on purpose. It is needlessly difficult to attempt to learn to apply the Alexander Technique for oneself simply by reading about it. Most Alexander teachers are of the professional opinion that twenty to forty individual lessons are required to learn to use the Technique for yourself. Other teachers believe that group workshops are at least as effective as individual lessons, because camaraderie is supportive, and group teaching usually involves some individual hands-on "turns" directly with the teacher as the class watches. A few teachers believe it is entirely possible to learn and continue to experiment with the basic principles on one's own. Everyone in the field, including other students, agree that having at least a few one-to-one sessions with a trained teacher is useful to appreciate how AT works and to get the benefits it offers. Availability of Alexander teachers is limited, except in the United Kingdom, where the profession is in the process of being included in the Complementary and alternative medicine of the UK National Health Service. Only a handful of teachers who were personally trained by the founder are still living. Alexander Technique has the lifetime dedication from less than five thousand teachers worldwide, usually grouped in associated professional societies. Alexander teachers differ in teaching style. Differences in teaching approaches evolved as various teachers originated what they believed constituted more effective teaching. Usually, a style of teaching is not just an imitation of training methods, but integrates many such personal lifetime discoveries. It's rare that a teacher can or will articulate the deliberate reasoning behind their teaching variations. Traditionalists believe that spending time on general intellectual concepts may encourage their student's misuse. These teachers may dodge discussions of principles until the student can have the conversation without their old habits of speaking. Many of the principles of Alexander Technique are unique concepts. As has been mentioned previously, human senses are built to adapt to continuous messages sent by the brain. Repetition makes perceptual sensation disappear. Keeping muscles contracted when they don't need to be used compares to leaving the kitchen light on continuously because it so often needs to be on - which is a waste of energy. This principle was originally called debauchery. It was later referred to as sensory adaptation by behavioral scientists. To unlearn these habits, a prerequisite seems to be a willingness to welcome experimentation and unfamiliarity; what is new feels strange. Another unique concept is a specialized use of the word Inhibition. Many Alexander teachers believe this concept to be the foundation of Alexander Technique. It is possible to learn to recognize and prevent a habitual patterned reaction and choose differently. As a carnivore stalking prey inhibits its natural urges in order to choose a deliberate leap for an effective attack, an unwanted habitual urge can be deliberately and strategically inhibited. Suggested practical means to effectively subvert a particular unwanted habit vary with each Alexander teacher's experience. Sidestepping, stalling, tricking, boring the old habitual solution - anything is fair game to get the old habit to disengage or entirely prevent it, leaving the freedom to try something different, something easier. A stiffening of the neck in a startle response, head down and back narrowed was discovered by Alexander to be the source of his self-imposed limitations. To address these indirectly rather than fight them, he originated an action called Direction which is an ingredient of his principle of Primary Control. People who direct themselves visualize movement and mentally guide the flow of using force through their body. Rather than gunning the motor and muscling their way through an activity, people who direct use their mind to guide or envision their own coordinated dynamic expansion while moving. By doing so, the body's reflexive coordination seems to spontaneously recover from habit to gracefully handle the action by lengthening as if by itself. The more inclusive principle of Primary Control shows the head's lightest initiation of moving is its structural balancing act, cradled at the top of the spine. By integrating attention, using direction and refusing habit, the whole body can follow any of the smallest initiation of motion with its own easiest qualities of movement. To the extent the learner can also pay attention to what they are doing, their suspended goal improves. Occasionally the result is a significant practical insight about the suspended goal, as refreshed senses give new sensory information. The Alexander Technique principles say that it is possible to learn to insert a new choice before a habitual reaction takes over, but how is this actually done? The principles may be put together in any sequence, not necessarily in this order. What follows is an example lesson.First, choosing some sort of movement to practice with is required. Sitting down or walking is a commonly selected activity. The teacher prompts the student how to observe him or herself during action. Students are asked to describe without value judgments and are encouraged to avoid being self-chastising. Habits are not demonized. A basic activity is to identify and stop habitual interference so a freer capacity to respond can reassert itself. Toward leaving out habit, the goal of the chosen action or motion is temporarily suspended, so motivation for immediate results does not encourage the habit to jump in to helpfully answer the urge to respond. Intercepting unnecessary habits might also be made easier by creating an arbitrary beginning moment of intentional choice. Once a sample activity is observed and described, the teacher and student craft experiments to avoid habitual interference, usually by slowing down reaction time. In keeping with the sensory adaptation principle, customary kinesthetic orientation and preparation assumed necessary is repeatedly noted to be unnecessary. The teacher shows how the head, neck and back together can lengthen to increase capacity for freedom of movement. The teacher may use their hands as "training wheels" to help the student perceive exactly when their habit is interfering - often during movement preparation. Teachers bring a student's attention to pivotal timing issues and specific qualities of motion that influences freedom. Teachers may experiment alongside students; modeling the process they would prefer the student to emulate. Sometimes the effect of this prevention of habit feels immediately strange or disorienting to the student. The teacher steadies and encourages the student to resist a need to go back down into the familiar habit and to tolerate additional unfamiliarity for longer periods of time. A sensation termed Do-less-ness may be used as the new measure of success. Just as often seeking any results is also suspended, because the ability to sense subtle perceptual differences may have become dulled from sensory adaptation. Usually, this is all that is required to be practiced in the lesson. Sometimes habits are trickier and remedies to detour habit are crafted and used. Some of these strategies are directly prescribed by F.M. Alexander's historic examples, but many may be invented on the spot.Now that the student's senses are not being dampened by habit, a discovery about the suspended objective of the activity may emerge at this time. These discoveries are noted and integrated into repeated experimentation to make them more reliable. It is important that this observing of results comes after doing the preventing and moving, not before; otherwise the unwanted habits can take back control. When additional results are desired, a similar process of questioning, experimenting and observing possible results is again used (or the principles recombined in another order, tailored for a student's needs. Some students need to suspend expectation of results entirely.) After repeated successes from much experimentation, hopefully a learner's tolerance for unfamiliarity increases. Using this Alexander Technique process never stops feeling surprising. Alexander Technique CRYSTALINKS HOME PAGE PSYCHIC READING WITH ELLIE BOOK: THE ALCHEMY OF TIME DONATION TO CRYSTALINKS ADVERTISE ON CRYSTALINKS

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