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[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Oxidation of carbonyls to give acids." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Reduction of carbonyls to alcohols." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Deoxygenation of carbonyls that takes place in an acid medium." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Deoxygenation of carbonyls that is carried out in an alkaline medium." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Carbonyl deoxygenation performed in neutral medium." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "trans-1,2-dibromocyclopentane." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "cis-2-bromocyclopentanol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "trans -2-bromocyclopentanol." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "trans -1,2-cyclopentanediol." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Benzene." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Anthracene" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Biphenyl" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pyridine" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Pirrol." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "4-methoxybenzoic acid." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "1- (4-methoxyphenyl) ethanone." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "1- (3-methoxyphenyl) ethanone." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "3-methoxybenzoic acid." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "4-methoxyphenyl acetate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "1-Bromo-2-methylcyclohexane." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Methylcyclohexane" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "1-Methylcyclohexane." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Cyclohexane" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Primary alcohols." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Secondary alcohols" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Tertiary alcohols." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Ketones" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Ethers" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Carboxylic ester." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Alcohol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ether." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Aldehyde." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Carboxylic acid." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Ortho / for leaders but activating." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Target leaders but activating." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Goal / for leaders but activating." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Ortho / goal leaders but activating." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Ortho / for leaders but deactivators." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "one." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "two." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "3." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Four." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "5." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Addition of Michael." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Addition of Prins." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Transposition of Cope." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Radical addition." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Transposition of Beckman." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "trans, trans, trans-2,4,6-Octatriene." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "cis, cis, cis-2,4,6-Octatriene." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "There is no reaction." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "trans-5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "cis -5,6-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Methanol in acid medium." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Lithium aluminum hydride in methanol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Methylmagnesium bromide and subsequent hydrolysis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Sodium methoxide in methanol." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Triphenylphosphine in methanol." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Isomería." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Mesomería." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Inductive effect" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Hyperconjugation." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Stereoisomería." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "2-Bromocyclohexanone." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "2,2-Dibromocyclohexanone." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "2,2,6-Tribomociclohexanona." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "1,1-Dibromocyclohexane." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "2,2,6,6-Tetrabromocyclohexanone." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Unimolecular elimination (E1)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Addition Markovnikov." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Addition anti-Markovnikov." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Amines" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Carboxylic acids." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Nitriles" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Carboxylic ethers." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Aldehydes." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Α, β-unsaturated amides." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Saturated amides." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Chiral compounds." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Β, γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Iminas and oximes." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Iminas and enaminas." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Oxazones and hydrazones." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Semicarbazones and nitrones." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "CO2 and hydrogen." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "CO, hydrogen and water." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "CO2, hydrogen and water." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "CO and hydrogen." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Pirrol." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Pyrimidine" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Pyrazole" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pyrazolidine." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Imidazole" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The corresponding acyl cation and an alkyl radical." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The corresponding acyl anion and an alkyl radical." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The corresponding acyl radical and an alkyl radical." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The corresponding acyl cation and an alkyl cation." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The corresponding acyl anion and an alkyl anion." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Sodium hydroxide." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Sodium ethoxide" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Sodium amide" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Sodium bicarbonate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Sodium carbonate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "From an allyl vinyl ether." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "[1,3] -sigmatropic." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "[1,2] -sigmatropic." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "[3,3] -sigmatropic." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is a cycloaddition [4 + 2]." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A ketone in a pyridine." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "An oxime in an amine." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "An aldehyde in an amide." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A ketone in an amide." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "An oxime in an amide." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Reducer." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Oxidizer" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Alkylator" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Acid." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Organometallic." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Furano" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Dioxane" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Epoxide" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Azirano" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Lactone" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Facilitated dissemination." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Passive transport" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Primary active transport." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Secondary active transport." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Simple diffusion." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Phosphodiester linkage." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Amide link." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "O-glucosidic bond." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Disulfide bond." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Hydrogen bond." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Transcribe the repressor." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Start the transcription." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It encodes the RNA polymerase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Regulate the termination." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Translate specific proteins." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Acetate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Glycerol" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Lactate" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Oxalacetate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "α-ketoglutarate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Formation of the primary structure." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Formation of disulfide bridges." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Formation of aggregates." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Post-translational modifications." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Formation of secondary structure elements." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "RNA Polymerase I." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "RNA Polymerase II." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "RNA Polymerase III." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "RNA Polymerase IV." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Transcription of mRNA is carried out jointly by RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase II." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Hexokinase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Fosfofructoquinasa." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Phosphoglycerate kinase." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Pyruvate kinase." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Activates hepatic glycogenesis." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Activates lipolysis in white adipose tissue." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Activates hepatic glycogenolysis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is a polypeptide." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is synthesized in the α cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Kinases" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Topoisomerases" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Histones." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Phosphatases" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "DNA nucleases" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Activating phosphorylase" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Dephosphorylating acetyl CoA carboxylase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Inhibiting the formation of malonyl CoA." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Controlling the carnitine-acyl CoA transferase activity." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Activating the fatty acid synthetase." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The oxidation of H2O to form O2." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Oxidation of O2 to form H2O." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The reduction of H2O to give O2." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The reduction of O2 to give H2O." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It catalyzes the conversion of starch into glycogen." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is the enzyme responsible for the formation of branches in glycogen." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is the gene that codes for glycogen synthase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is the primer on which new chains of glycogen start." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Regulates glycogen synthesis." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are not detected in DNA." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are not detected in the RNA." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They protect genetic information." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are not detected in the tRNA." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They are not able to mate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Uridine monophosphate (UMP)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Thymidine monophosphate (TMP)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Cytidine monophosphate (cmp)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Inosine monophosphate (IMP)." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Guanidine monophosphate (GMP)." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It has a trans configuration." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is polar but without charge." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It forms a single bond by directly joining the α carbons of adjacent amino acids." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It does not present rotation around the link." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Is flat." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Because it oxidizes the OH groups of the hemoglobin, preventing it from being able to fix O2 correctly." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Because it enters the mitochondria, picking up electrons from the transport chain with less efficiency than O2." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Because it joins the heme group with greater affinity than O2." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Because having a greater dipolar character, is more soluble than O2 in blood and blocks the exchange of O2 between air and blood at the level of the lungs." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above is correct." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Acetylation" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Desulfation." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Methylation" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Reduction." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Transamination." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "CDP-choline." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Phosphatidate" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Triglyceride" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Phosphatidylserine" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "CDP-diacylglycerol." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Dipolar Ions" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Non-polar molecules." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Positive and monovalent." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Hydrophobic" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Negative and monovalent." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are derivatives of glucocerebrosides." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They act as intracellular signals." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They are lysosomal lipids." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are biological detergents." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They contain taurine or glycine." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Create a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Generate substrates (ADP and Pi) for ATP synthase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Induce a conformational change in the ATP synthase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Oxidize NADH to NAD +." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Reduce O2 to H2O." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is a catabolic product of the heme group." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is a product of the urea cycle." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is an intermediary of the Krebs cycle." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is a precursor of hepatic gluconeogenesis." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is a product of cholesterol degradation." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They may have charge, but they are not amphipathic molecules." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are formed by glycerol and fatty acids." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They contain two esterified fatty acids." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The cerebrosides and ganglosides are sphingolipids." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Terpenes are the main sphingolipids." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Propionyl-CoA." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Methylmalonyl-CoA." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Succinyl-CoA." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Succinate" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Malate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Lactate" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Acetaldehyde" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Acetyl CoA" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Citrate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Oxalacetate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Vitamin B." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Vitamin D." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vitamin E." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "All the previous ones" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The 2`-3` dideoxynucleotides are essential." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is necessary to use suicide inhibitors of DNA polymerase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "DNA must maintain its double helix structure." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The DNA is hydrolyzed selectively." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The restriction endonucleases are fundamental." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They can not be replicated bidirectionally." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are not usually circular." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The processivity of eukaryotic DNA polymerase is much lower than that of bacterial DNA polymerase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Its replication rate is much slower, and they would need too much time using a single source." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They have several DNA polymerases for different purposes, and they need the corresponding variety of origins." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cyclic AMP." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Prostaglandin" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Calcium." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Leukotriene" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Thromboxane" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is suicidal, reversible." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is suicidal, irreversible." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is analogous to the transition state, reversible." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Inhibits the enzyme by proteolysis." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Allopurinol does not inhibit that enzyme." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Oncogenes are mutated derivatives of normal genes, called protooncogenes, whose function is to promote cell proliferation or survival." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Oncogenes are genes that synthesize proteins that inhibit cell proliferation." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The tumor suppressor genes synthesize proteins that inhibit cell death." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Protooncogenes synthesize proteins that promote cell death." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Apoptosis is a form of activation of proto-oncogenes." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "An FADH molecule can generate up to 2.5 molecules of ATP." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "One molecule of NADH can generate up to 1.5 molecules of ATP." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Electrons flow from more positive reduction potentials to more negative reduction potentials." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Complex II (used by FADH2) does not transfer protons to the intermembrane space." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Complex III uses copper (Cu) atoms as cofactors." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Activation of amino acids by aminioacyl-tRNA synthetases." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Union of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Translocation of nascent tRNA-protein complex from place A to place P." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Union of mRNA." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Union of signal recognition protein to ribosomes." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is also called primasa or Dna G protein." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is the complex responsible for the synthesis of the Okazaki fragments." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is a bacterial DNA ligase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is located in the mitochondria." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is a functional unit of the bacterial replication complex." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Fructose 6-phosphate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pyruvate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Lactate" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Aldolase" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Glycogen phosphorylase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Fosfofructoquinasa-1." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Pyruvate kinase." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The coding strand." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The mold thread." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The leading thread." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The delayed strand" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Any." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Geranyl pyrophosphate Farnesyl pyrophosphate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Squalene  Lanosterol" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Lanosterol  Cholesterol." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Acetyl CoA  Acetoacetyl CoA." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA Mevalonic acid." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Ectopic." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Epimer." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Epithet." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Epitope." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Endogenous." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Its polar character." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Its amphipathic nature" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Its stabilization by resonance." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Of the phosphoryl group number it contains." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Of the cation with which the soluble salt forms." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "N5, N10 methenyl-tetrahydrofolate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "N5-formimino-tetrahydrofolate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "N5, N10 methylene-tetrahydrofolate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They frequently occur in prokaryotic genomes." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "There may be several in the same gene." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They encode rare amino acids in proteins." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are transcribed and translated." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They have a high content in G: C pairs." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are two different processes, but coupled. Without electronic transport there will never be oxidative phosphorylation." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Without oxidative phosphorylation there can never be electronic transport." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The net yield of oxidative phosphorylation is about 2.5 moles of ATP per mole of FADH2." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Cyanide is toxic because it binds to ATP synthase." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Uncoupling agents inhibit ATP synthase." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It always has sialic acid." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They are synthesized by the action of several glycosyl transferases." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is a glucose oligomer." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It has no antigenic power." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Lactate dehydrogenase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Chymotrypsin" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Fumarasa" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Triose phosphate isomerase." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "RNA polymerase" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Within its recognition sequence." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Randomly" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Out of the recognition sequence." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "At the 5 'end." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "At the 3 'end." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A DNA molecule that activates heterologous recombination." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A precursor messenger RNA molecule." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "A DNA molecule composed of segments covalently linked from two or more sources." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A diploid DNA molecule." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "A multienzyme complex of DNA polymerases covalently linked." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "5'-3'Exonuclease." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "3'-5'Exonuclease." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Polymerizing 5'-3 '." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Endonuclease." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Transesterifier." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It can result in multiple products from one gene." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It occurs thanks to the transcription bubble." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is catalyzed by RNA polymerase I." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is catalyzed by RNA polymerase II." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is catalyzed by RNA polymerase III." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Golgi apparatus." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Smooth endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Free polysomes." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Nucleus." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Rough endoplasmic reticulum." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Lipid bilayer with polyunsaturated fatty acids of 18 carbon atoms." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Lipid bilayer with saturated fatty acids of 18 carbon atoms." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Lipid bilayer with saturated fatty acids of 16 carbon atoms." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Lipid bilayer with polyunsaturated fatty acids of 16 carbon atoms." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "All are equivalent in terms of fluency." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It increases when the temperature decreases." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is accompanied by an increase in the absorption of UV light." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "DNA with high G / C content does so at a lower temperature than those rich in A / T." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is irreversible." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Indicates the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "FAD." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Biotin" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Pyridoxal." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "NAD +." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "NADP +." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Hydrolyze the protein." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Break the disulfide bridges." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Add positive charges." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Add negative charges." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "General an amino acid derivative in Edman degradation." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Acts on hydrogen peroxide." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It results in the formation of hydrogen peroxide." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It acts on the superoxide anion." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It converts hydrogen peroxide into superoxide anion." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Use glutathione as a cofactor." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Vmax decreases, Km increases." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Vmax decreases, Km decreases." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vmax decreases, Km does not change." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Vmax does not vary, Km increases." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Vmax does not vary, Km decreases." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Propionyl CoA." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Acetyl CoA" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "All the ketone bodies." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Some amino acids" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "β-Hydroxybutyrate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by functional groups that come from the central amino acid sequence of the enzyme." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It constitutes a large part of the total volume of the enzyme." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Increases the ΔG of a reaction, increasing the speed of it." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It has a high amount of water molecules together with amino acids." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is the region that joins the substrates and contains the waste that participates in the formation and breaking of links." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Competing with a substrate for the catalytic site." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Joining the enzyme at a site other than the catalytic site." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Changing the nature of the formed product." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Changing the specificity of the enzyme for the substrate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Denaturing the enzyme." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Absorbs all wavelengths of the visible spectrum." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Absorbs wavelengths only from the red and ultra-red parts of the spectrum (680nm, 700nm)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Absorbs wavelengths in the red and blue parts of the visible spectrum." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Absorbs wavelengths only from the blue part of the visible spectrum." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Absorbs in the near ultraviolet." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Two molecules of ribulose-5-phosphate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Fructose-6-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "6-Phosphogluconate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Decrease in the concentration of oxidized glutathione." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Decreased production of reactive oxygen species." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Increase in the production of reactive oxygen species." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the previous are true." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Tryptophan" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Serina" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Tyrosine" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Aspartic." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Glutamic" } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "NADH" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "NADPH." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "FAD +." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "FADH." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "NADP +." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "There would be an excess of activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The pentose phosphate would be integrated into the glycolytic pathway." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "NADH would be used to replace NADPH." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It would stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids in adipose tissue." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The concentration of NADPH would decrease." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by a single polypetide chain." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It presents a distance between adjacent amino acids of approximately 4 ångströms." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is formed by the union of two or more strands by hydrogen bonds." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Presents the side chains of contiguous amino acids pointing to the same side." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They are of two types: parallel, where the chains of the β sheet go in a different direction and antiparallel, where they go in the same direction." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Nucleolus" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Ribosomes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vacuolas" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Golgi apparatus." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Endoplasmic reticulum." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "In an enzyme of the citric acid cycle." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Converts arginine to lysine." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is activated by the allosteric effector N-acetylglutamate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It produces fumarate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is a glycogenic amino acid." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "In the rough endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "In the extracellular layer itself." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "In the plasma membrane." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "In the cytoplasm of the cell." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Join the single-stranded DNA to prevent the double helix from forming again." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Catalyze the union of nucleotides." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Correct the errors that occur in the replication." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Synthesize a primer to start replication." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Mechanically separate the strands of double-stranded DNA." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is synthesized from methionine." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It binds to receptors coupled to G proteins (GPCR)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Induces relaxation of the vascular endothelium." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It binds to receptors with protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by 21 homologous subunits organized in 3 rings." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is a protein complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ubiquitinated proteins." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is found only in animal eukaryotic cells." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Digest acylated proteins." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "It is activated by a drug, bertezomil, in therapy for multiple myeloma." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They have reverse transcriptase activity." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They prevent shortening of telomeres." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Its defect promotes carcinogenesis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Its activity is essential for the stability of chromosomes." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "They are ribozymes." } ]

[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Very low in carbohydrates and very high in proteins." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Very high in fat and low in protein." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Balanced except in carbohydrates." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Moderate in carbohydrates and balanced in fats and proteins." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Very high in carbohydrates and very low in protein." } ]